Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Android is also said to be very “fragmented”, [154] that is a condition when various Android devices, both in terms of hardware variations and differences in running software, are tasked with developing applications to run consistently, more complicated by comparison with iOS, whose applications vary less. [155]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

For example, according to OpenSignal data in July 2013, there are 11,868 models of Android devices with various screen sizes and Android versions, while most iOS users use iPhone devices with the latest version. [155] [156] Tablets Despite the success in smartphones, the adoption of Android for tablet computers initially runs slow. [157]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

One of the main causes is the presence of a situation known as “chicken or egg”, that is, the conditions when consumers are hesitant to buy an Android tablet due to the lack of high-quality tablet applications, while on the other hand, the developers are also hesitant to spend time and their resources to develop tablet applications until the availability of a significant market for those products. [158] [159] The content and “ecosystem” of applications proved to be more important when compared to hardware specifications after the commencement of tablet sales.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Due to the lack of apps for tablets in 2011, Android tablets were initially forced to have to install apps reserved for smartphones, so the screen size did not match the large screen of the tablet.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

In addition, the sluggish growth of Android tablets is also due to the dominance of Apple's iPad which has many iOS apps compatible with tablets. [159] [160] The growth of Android tablet apps is slowly starting to increase, however, at the same time, a large number of tablets are using other operating systems such as the HP TouchPad and BlackBerry PlayBook were also released to the market to capitalize on the success of the iPad. [159]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

InfoWorld dubbed this business with the designation “Frankenphone business”; a short-term low-investment opportunity that imposes the use of an optimized Android smartphone OS (before Android 3.0 Honeycomb for tablets was released) on devices by ignoring the user interface.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

This approach failed to grab market traction with consumers and worsen the reputation of Android tablets. [161] [162] What's more, some Android tablets like the Motorola Xoom are priced at the same price, or more expensive than the iPad, which further worsens sales.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

An exception is in Amazon's Kindle Fire, which is sold at a cheaper price and the ability to access content and the “ecosystem” of Amazon apps. [159] [163] This began to change in 2012 with the release of the Nexus 7, and the encouragement from Google to developers to create Better tablet apps. [164]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Android tablet market share finally succeeded in overtaking the iPad in mid-2012. [165]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Market share Research firm Canalys estimates that in the second quarter of 2009, Android had a 2.8% share of smartphone sales worldwide. [166]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

In the fourth quarter of 2010, this number jumped to 33%, becoming the world's best-selling smartphone platform. [21]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Through the third quarter of 2011, Gartner estimates more than half (52.5%) of the global smartphone market is controlled by Android. [167]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

According to IDC, in the third quarter of 2012, Android controlled 75% of the global smartphone market share. [168]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

In July 2011, Google revealed that there were 550,000 new Android devices activated each day, [169] increasing from 400,000 per day in May, [170] and in total, more than 100 million Android devices have been activated worldwide, [171] with a growth of 4.4% per week. [169]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

By September 2012, 500 million Android devices had been activated, with 1.3 million activations per day. [172] [173] In May 2013, at Google I/O, Sundar Pichai announced that the total of Android devices that had been activated amounted to 900 million. [174]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Android's market share varies by location.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

In July 2012, Android's market share in the United States was 52%, [175] and increased up to 90% in RRT. [176]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

During the third quarter of 2012, the worldwide share of the Android smartphone market was 75%, [168] with total enabled devices totaling 750 million and 1.5 million activations per day. [173]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

In March 2013, Android's share in the global smartphone market was led by Samsung products, which was 64%.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Market research firm Kantar reports that Google's besutan platform accounted for more than 70% of all smartphone device sales in RRT during this period.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Still in the same period, the level of loyalty to the use of Samsung products in the UK (59%) was the second highest after Apple (79%). [25]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Until November 2013, Android's market share was rumored to have reached 80%.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Of the 261.1 million smartphones sold in August, September, and October 2013, about 211 million of them were Android devices. [177]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Platform usage The table below shows data on the percentage of the number of Android devices accessing Google Play recently, and running a specific version of the Android platform until September 9, 2014.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Android 4.1/4.2/4.3 Jelly Bean is the most widely used version of Android, which is approximately 53.7% of all Android devices worldwide. [178]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

App hijacking There are some concerns regarding the ease of Android paid apps to be hijacked. [181]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

In May 2012, Eurogamer, the developer of Football Manager, stated that the ratio of pirated players vs. original players was 9:1 on their home-made games. [182]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

However, not all developers take issue with this piracy rate; in July 2012, the developers of the game Wind-up Knight revealed that the piracy rate on their games is only 12%, and most of it comes from China, a country whose Android users cannot buy apps from Google Play. [183]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

In 2010, Google released a tool that serves to validate official purchases for use in applications, but developers complain that it is not efficient enough.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Google countered that the tool was intended as a sample framework for developers to modify and develop it according to their needs, not as a solution to end piracy. [184]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

In 2012, Google released a feature in Android 4.1 that encircled paid apps so that they could only run on the device from which they were purchased, but this feature was temporarily disabled due to technical issues. [185]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Legal issues Both Android and Android phone manufacturers have been involved in various patent law cases.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

On August 12, 2010, Oracle sued Google over allegations of copyright and patent infringement dealing with the Java programming language. [186]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Oracle initially demanded $6.1 billion in damages, [187] but this lawsuit was rejected by a United States federal court, which asked Oracle to revise its lawsuit. [188]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

In response, Google filed several defenses, claiming that Android did not infringe Oracle's patents or copyrights, that Oracle's patents were invalid, and several other defenses.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Oracle states that Android is based on Apache Harmony, a clean room implementation of Java class libraries, and independently developed a virtual machine called Dalvik. [189]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

In May 2012, the jury in the case found that Google had not infringed Oracle's patents, and the judge ruled that the Java API structure used by Google was not copyrighted. [190] [191] In addition to charges directly against Google, various “proxy wars” were also waged against Android indirectly by targeting Android device manufacturers, with the aim of minimizing the chances of such manufacturers adopting the Android platform and increasing the cost of launching Android products to the market. [192]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Apple and Microsoft sued several Android device manufacturers over patent infringement issues; Apple's prolonged lawsuit against Samsung became a highly publicized case.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

In October 2011, Microsoft revealed that it had entered into patent licensing agreements with ten mobile phone manufacturers whose products controlled 55% of the global market of Android devices, [193] including Samsung and HTC. [194]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

The patent infringement case between Samsung and Microsoft ended with an agreement that Samsung would allocate more resources to develop and market phones with Microsoft's Windows Phone operating system. [192]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Google has publicly expressed its frustration in facing a patent infringement lawsuit in the United States, alleging that Apple, Oracle, and Microsoft are working to undermine Android's digitality through patent litigation, instead of innovating and competing with how to create products and better service. [195]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

In 2011-2012, Google bought Motorola Mobility for $12.5 billion.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

The effort is seen as a move in Google's defense to protect Android, as Motorola Mobility holds more than 17,000 patents. [196]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

As of December 2011, Google also purchased more than a thousand patents from IBM. [197]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

In 2013, Fairsearch, an organization supported by Microsoft, Oracle, and others, filed a complaint against Android with the European Commission, stating that the free distribution of Android devices was a form of anti-competitive price competition.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

The Free Software Foundation Europe, which Google donates, denied Fairsearch's allegations. [198]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Use on other devices JMPL|150px|ka|Sony SmartWatch: an example of an Android companion device.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

The open and customizable nature of Android causes the operating system to also be used on other electronic devices, including laptops and netbooks, smartbooks, [199] Smart TVs (Google TV), and cameras (Nikon Coolpix S800c and Galaxy Camera). [200] [201] In addition, the Android operating system is also developed its applications on smart glasses (Google Glass), watches, [202] ear burgers, [203] car CDs and DVD players, [204] mirrors, [205] portable media players, [206] fixed networks, [207] and VoIP phones. [208]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Ouya, a video game console using the Android operating system, became one of Kickstarter's most successful products, funded by $8.5 million for its development, which was followed by other Android-based video game consoles such as Project Shield by Nvidia. [ 209] [210] In 2011, Google introduced “Android @Home “, a new automated technology that utilizes Android to control several household tools such as light contacts, power sockets, and thermostats. [211]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Controlling the lights is said to be controllable from an Android phone or tablet.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Android principal Andy Rubin asserted that “turning the lights on and off is nothing new, Google is thinking more ambitiously and the goal is to use its position as a cloud service provider to bring Google products into customers' homes. “[212]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

In August 2011, Parrot launched a car stereo system with the Android platform, known as Asteroid and equipped with voice commands. [213] [214] In September 2013, Clarion released a car stereo system with the more advanced Android platform, known as AX1 and Mirage, uses Android 2.3.7 and 2.2 (Gingerbread) and comes with GPS-based navigation, a 6.5-inch display, and various options for wireless data access. [215] [216] Various other devices, although not using Android, are also designed with an interface that serves as a companion or complementary to Android devices, such as Sony's SmartWatch or Samsung's Galaxy Gear. [210]


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

See also Android version history Android Rooting Android software development List of Bada Android OS-related articles Reference Notes Outlink Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did Samsung start implementing 5G on Samsung products?

Android (operating system)

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. on YouTube Category:Acquisition Google Category:Cloud Client Category:Linux Category:Google Software Category:Software of the Year 2008 Category:ARM Operating System Category:Mobile Phone


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Meteorology is an interdisciplinary science that studies the atmosphere.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Studies in this area have been conducted for thousands of years although significant progress only occurred in the 18th century.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

In the 19th century, a major buzz occurred after coordinated observations made cross-country.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

After the development of computers in the middle of the 20th century, weather forecasting could be carried out.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Meteorological phenomena are weather activities that can be observed and explained by meteorological science.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

The axivity is bound to variables present in Earth's atmosphere, such as temperature, air pressure, water vapor, and the interaction gradient of each variable as well as how they change over time.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Spatial differences are studied to determine how weather systems form locally, regionally, and globally and their impacts.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Meteorology, climatology, atmospheric physics, and atmospheric chemistry are subdisciplines of atmospheric science.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Meteorology and hydrology form an interdisciplinary field of hydrometeorology.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Meteorology has many applications in various fields, such as military, energy production, transportation, agriculture, and construction.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

The word “meteorology” comes from the ancient Greek repertory, metéōros “magnificent; high (in space)” (from μετα- meta- “above” and ωρ eōr “raised”) and -λογία -logia “- (o) logy” “science”.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Weather forecasting Applications Weather forecasting is a science and technology application to predict future atmospheric conditions at a location.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Humans have been trying to predict weather informally since thousands of years ago, and formally since the 19th century. [1]


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Weather forecasting is created by collecting quantitative data on current conditions from the atmosphere using scientific understanding of atmospheric processes to project how the atomsphere changes. [2]


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

In the past, weather forecasting depended heavily on changes in air pressure, current weather conditions, and sky conditions, [3] [4] weather modeling is now used to determine future conditions.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

There is a diversity of use of weather forecast.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Weather warnings become important because they are used to protect lives and property owned by communities. [5]


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Forecasting based on temperature and precipitation is important for agriculture, [6] [7] [8] [9] and also to commodity traders in stock markets.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Temperature forecasting is used by utility companies (e.g. gas, electric suplayers) to determine the amount of consumer demand to come. [10] [11] [12] In everyday life, weather forecasting determines what people will wear at that time (umbrellas, jackets, chain tires, and so on).


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Aviation meteorology Aviation meteorology deals with the impact of weather on air traffic.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Flight meteorology is important for flight crews to understand the implications of weather for their flight plans and aircraft. [13] [14] Agricultural meteorologists Meteorologists, soil science, hydrology, and agronomy often work together studying the effects of weather and climate on growth crops, agricultural produce, efficiency of water use, phenology of animal and plant development, and ecosystem energy balance.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

They are also interested in understanding how vegetation and living things affect weather and climate. [15]


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Hydrometeorology Hydrometeorology is the branch of meteorology that deals with hydrological cycles, water supply, and rain statistics. [16]


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Hydrometeorologists prepare and issue weather forecasts regarding quantitative accumulations of precipitation, major rain and snow, and locations that will be affected and potentially subject to flooding.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Usually the range of knowledge used requires the ability of climatology and other branches of earth sciences. [17]


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Maritime meteorology Maritime meteorology deals with forecasting ocean waves and winds for marine and shipping operations.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Military meteorology Military meteorology is research and application from meteorology for military interests, such as taking into account weather conditions for specific strategy tactics, ensuring the safety of military aircraft flights and military ship voyages, to artificial weather applications for attack the enemy.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Meteorology education in Indonesia Meteorology education is held in various universities in Indonesia, including: High School of Climatology, Meteorology, and Geophysics Academy of Meteorology and Geophysics Bogor Agricultural Institute, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [18] Institute Technology Bandung, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology See also Aerography Aerography Agrometeorology Atmospheric circulation Atmospheric layer Atmospheric models Covariant atmospheric thermodynamics Eddy El Niño List of weather instruments List of meteorological institutions Madden-Julian Oscillation Space weather Circulation Walker Weather and Climate Reference Related reading materials Byers, Horace.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

General Meteorology.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

CS1 maint: others (link) Outside links - Online course that introduces the basic concepts of meteorology and air quality necessary to understand meteorological computer models.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

Written at a bachelor's degree level.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

- (Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment) An international environmental science and education program that links students, teachers, and the scientific research community in an effort to learn more about the environment through student data collection and observation.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

- From the American Meteorological Society, an excellent reference of nomenclature, equations, and concepts for the more advanced reader.


Question: Who are the pioneers of Metrology?

Meteorology

- National Weather Service - Australian Bureau of Meteorology - Weather Tutorials and News at About.com - The COMET Program - National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - United Kingdom Meteorological Office Category:Applied Physics Category:Oceanography Category:Physical geography


Question: when was the monkey pox vaccine first invented?

Immunization schedule

Immunization schedule is information regarding when a type of vaccination or immunization should be given to a child.


Question: when was the monkey pox vaccine first invented?

Immunization schedule

A country's immunization schedule may differ from that of other countries depending on the health agency authorized to issue it.


Question: when was the monkey pox vaccine first invented?

Immunization schedule

Immunization Schedule in Indonesia Child immunization The following is the schedule of child immunization recommendations of the Indonesian Pediatrician Association (IDAI) Period 2004 (revised August 2017): VaccinAge of administration ImmunizationMonthBirths123456912151823561012Immunization Development Program (PPI, required) BCGHepatitis B123Polio012345DTP123456 dt or TTMeasles Rubela1212Non-PPI Immunization Development Program (non PPI, recommended) HIB1234mmR (changed to MR) 12tifoidentially, every 3 years Adihepatitis 2x, interval 6-12 monthsSpecificationsDescription of the schedule of immunization recommendations IDAI, period 2004: age.Vaccinationat birthRhepatitis B-1 HB-1 should be administered within 12 hours after birth, resumed at age 1 and 6 months.


Question: when was the monkey pox vaccine first invented?

Immunization schedule

If the mother's HBsAG-B status is positive, within 12 hours after birth is given 0.5 ml of HBlG together with the HB-1 vaccine.


Question: when was the monkey pox vaccine first invented?

Immunization schedule

If the mother's HBsAg status is unknown and it turns out that in the next trip it is known that the mother is HBsAg positive then it can still be given 0.5 ml hBlG before the baby is 7 days old. Polio-0 Polio-0 is given during the first visit.


Question: when was the monkey pox vaccine first invented?

Immunization schedule

For infants born in RB/RS oral polio is administered when the baby is discharged (to avoid transmitting the vaccine virus to other infants) 1 month Hepatitis B-2 Hb-2 is given at the age of 1 month, the interval of HB-1 and HB-2 is 1 month.0-2 monthsBCG BCG can be given from birth.


Question: when was the monkey pox vaccine first invented?

Immunization schedule

If BCG will be given at age > 3 months, tuberculin test should be tested first and BCG is given if tuberculin test is negative.2 BulandTP-1 DTP-1 is given at age more than 6 weeks, it can be used dTWP or dTaP.


Question: when was the monkey pox vaccine first invented?

Immunization schedule

DTP-1 administered in combination with Hib-1 (PRP-T) Hib-1 Hib-1 is given starting at 2 months lifespan with 2-month intervals.


Question: when was the monkey pox vaccine first invented?

Immunization schedule

Hib-1 can be administered separately or in combination with DTP-1.Polio-1 Polio-1 can be given in conjunction with DTP-14 BulandTP-2 DTP-2 (dTWP or dTaP) can be administered separately or in combination with Hib-2 (PRP-T) .Hib-2 Hib-2 can be given separately or in combination with DTP-2Polio-2 Polio-2 administered simultaneously with DTP-26 BulandTP-3 DTP-3 can be administered separately or in combination with Hib-3 (PRP-T) .Hib-3 If using Hib-OMP, Hib-3 at 6 months of age does not need to be administered. Polio-3 Polio-3 is administered simultaneously with DTP-3hepatitis B-3 HB-3 administered age 6 months.


Question: when was the monkey pox vaccine first invented?

Immunization schedule

To obtain an optimal immune response, the interval of HB-2 and HB-3 is at least 2 months, best 5 months.9 months Measles (MR) -1 Measles (MR) -1 is given at the age of 9 months, measles (MR) -2 is a BIAS program in elementary grade 1, age 6 years.


Question: when was the monkey pox vaccine first invented?

Immunization schedule

If you have obtained MMR at the age of 15 months, measles (MR) -2 does not need to be given. 15-18 monthsMR If up to 12 months old has not received measles immunization, MMR can be given at the age of 12 months.HIB-4 Hib-4 is given at 15 months (PRP-T or PRP-OMP) .18 BulandTP-4 DTP-4 (dTWP or dTaP) administered 1 year after DTP-3.polio-4 Polio-4 is administered simultaneously with DTP-4.2 yearsHepatitis A HePa vaccine is recommended at age > 2 years, administered twice at intervals of 6-12 months.2-3 yearsInjection typhoid polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for age > 2 years.


Question: when was the monkey pox vaccine first invented?

Immunization schedule

Injectable typhoid polysaccharide immunization needs to be repeated every 3 years.5 yearsTP-5 DTP-5 is given at the age of 5 years (dTWP/dt ap) Polio-5 Polio-5 is administered in conjunction with DTP-5.6 years. Tahundt/TT Ahead of puberty, the 5th tetanus vaccine (dT or TT) is given to obtain immunity for 25 years. Varicela Varicela Vaccine is given at the age of 10 years.


Question: when was the monkey pox vaccine first invented?

Immunization schedule

Adult vaccination In addition to the vaccination schedule of children there is also an adult vaccination schedule recommended by PAPDI (Union of Internal Medicine Experts).


Question: when was the monkey pox vaccine first invented?

Immunization schedule

There are two tables: Table of recommendations for adult immunization by age, can be seen here Table of recommendations for adult immunizations with certain medical indications/conditions, can be seen here In Japan Adult vaccination is common, in the United States generally also recommended as in Indonesia, in some European countries there are free Adult Vaccinations and some are obligated with certain sanctions, if they do not do so. [1] List of Diseases for which Adult Influenza Vaccination (not the common cold) [2] Typhoid fever [3] Hepatitis B [4] Hepatitis A [5] MMR - Mumps, Measles, Rubella (mumps & measles) [6] Pneumonia (pneumonia/wet lungs) [7] Varicella (chickenpox) [8] Herpes Zoster (chickenpox) [9] Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis Meningitis (inflammation of the membranes of the brain) [10] Papillomaitis Viruses (HPV) for women & men [ 11] Yellow fever [12] Vaccination of elderly vaccination/immunization in the elderly/seniors needs to be done, considering the elderly has decreased immunity and this can be aggravated by malnutrition which can be caused by lack of nutrient intake or nutrient absorption rate by the body which is already in decline. [13]


Question: when was the monkey pox vaccine first invented?

Immunization schedule

According to the United Nations, the growth of elderly in Indonesia is among the highest in the world and by 2020 there are estimated to be 25.5 million elderly.


Question: when was the monkey pox vaccine first invented?

Immunization schedule

In 2005 there was a National Consensus on Immunization for the Elderly Age for those ranging from 60 years old and older, because if the elderly have an infectious disease, then the cure will be difficult, especially many germs that are already resistant to common antibiotics and the condition of their body has been weak.


Question: when was the monkey pox vaccine first invented?

Immunization schedule

The recommended vaccinations are: Influenza vaccination, should be given to communities in werdha parlors as well as those with chronic diseases, such as diabetes.


Question: when was the monkey pox vaccine first invented?

Immunization schedule

This vaccination needs to be repeated every year Pneumonia vaccination, should be given to the community in the werdha home and for those who have been vaccinated before the age of 60 it is necessary to re-vaccinate, as well as those who have decreased immunity due to diabetes, kidney failure Chronic, and Chronic Liver Disease [14] Outlink Reference (in Indonesian) (in Indonesian) (in Indonesian) (in Indonesian) (in Indonesian) (in Indonesian) (in Indonesian) (in English) (in English) Category:Vaccination


Question: Do living creatures multiply?

Living things

In each statement of an occurrence according to systems biology and ecology, an organon (Greek: organon meaning tool) is a collection of molecules that influence each other in such a way that it functions stably and has a living nature.


Question: Do living creatures multiply?

Living things

The term complex organism refers to an organism that has more than one cell. Other names are often called besides organisms are living beings. Organisms consist of humans, plants, animals, as well as microorganisms.


Question: Do living creatures multiply?

Living things

Common traits commonly found in many organisms are as follows: Requires nutrients/food Breathing Moving Growing Sensitive to stimuli Adapting, and there are chemical arrays Releasing residual substances However, these features are not universal.


Question: Do living creatures multiply?

Living things

Microorganisms such as bacteria, for example, do not breathe, but use other chemical pathways.


Question: Do living creatures multiply?

Living things

Many organisms are incapable of moving independently and many organisms are unable to multiply, although species are capable.


Question: Do living creatures multiply?

Living things

Viruses are not classified as organisms in general because viruses cannot multiply or metabolize independently.


Question: Do living creatures multiply?

Living things

Despite possessing enzymes and molecules that characterize living organisms, viruses are not able to survive outside their host cells, and most viral metabolic processes require the host along with its genetic paraphernalia.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai Motor Company (Korean:; Hanja:, IPA:, IPA: [hjə́ːnd], LSE:), is an automotive company that is a division of Hyundai Motor Group and is the largest automobile manufacturer in South Korea.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

The company was founded in 1967 by Chung Ju-yung and is headquartered in Yangjae-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

The automotive company expanded in South Korea and was able to penetrate the international market previously controlled by Japanese automotive manufacturers.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai is the fastest sales growing automotive company in the world.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai with Kia, is currently the fourth largest automaker in the world by sales in 2010. [2]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 2008, Hyundai (without Kia) finished eighth in the world. [3]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 2010, Hyundai managed to sell 3.6 million vehicle units worldwide.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

The company operates the world's largest integrated automobile production facility in Ulsan, South Korea, capable of producing 1.6 million cars annually. [4]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai means “present age” in Korean.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

History Chung Ju-yung founded Hyundai Engineering and Construction Company in 1947.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai Motor Company was later founded in 1967.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

The company's first model was the Cortina, the result of cooperation with Ford Motor Company and marketed in 1968.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

When they first made cars, Hyundai recruited George Turnbull, former Austin Morris Management Director at British Leyland.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

He also recruited 5 other British technicians namely: Kenneth Barnett (body designer), engineers John Simpson and Edward Chapman, John Crosthwaite (chassis engineer), as well as Peter Slater (chief development engineer). [5] [6] [7] [8] In 1975, the first Korean car, the Pony was marketed.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Designed by Giorgio Giugiaro and powertrain technology from Mitsubishi.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai began exporting the Pony the following year to Ecuador and the Benelux countries..


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 1991, Hyundai successfully developed its own gasoline engine (4 cylinder Alpha) and its transmission system so that they were no longer dependent on other companies.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 1983, Hyundai began exporting the Pony to Canada but not to the United States because it did not meet emissions standards there.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Pony sales in Canada were very good, and became one of the most top car sales in the Canadian market.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Pony offers equivalent quality at a low price.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 1986, Hyundai began selling its products in the United States, and the Hyundai Excel was nominated as Best Product in the 10th order by Fortune Magazine.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai also produced cars with its own technology starting in 1988, starting from the Hyundai Sonata.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 1996, Hyundai Motors India Limited was established at Irrungattukottai near Chennai, India. [9]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 1998, Hyundai tried to overhaul its image in order to establish itself to make itself a world-class company.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Chung Ju-Yung handed over leadership of Hyundai to his son, Chung Mong-Koo in 1999. [10]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai's parent company, Hyundai Motor Group, invesites massively in quality, design, production and long-term research into its vehicles.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

The company provides 10-year or 100,000-mile warranties to cars sold in the United States and makes aggressive marketing campaigns.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 2004, Hyundai came in second place on a survey/study conducted by J. D. Power and Associates in terms of quality.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai is currently one of the 100 most valued brands in the world.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Since 2002, Hyundai has also been one of the official sponsors of the FIFA World Cup.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 2006, the South Korean government conducted an investigation into Hyundai's leader, Chung Mong Koo, for alleged corruption.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

On April 28, 2006, Chung was arrested and charged with embezzlement charges totaling 100 billion Won (US$ 106 million). [11]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

As his successor, Hyundai's deputy Chairman and CEO, Kim Dong-jin, took his place as head of the company.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

On September 30, 2011, Yang Seung Suk announced his resignation from the post of CEO of Hyundai Motor Co. During this replacement period, Chung Mong-koo and Kim Eok-jo will share the CEO position. [12]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai's research and development has 6 development centers around the world, namely in Korea (3), Germany, Japan, and India.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In addition, Hyundai also has 1 design center in California, USA, specifically intended for Hyundai car design development in the United States [13] Business In 1998, after a shock in the Korean auto industry caused by over-ambitious and Asian financial crisis, Hyundai acquired Kia Motors.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 2000, they also formed a strategic alliance with Daimler-Chrysler and broke away from Hyundai Group.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 2001, Daimler-Hyundai Truck Corporation was formed.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

But, in 2004, Daimler-Chrysler divested its 10.5% stake in the company to a value of 900 million US Dollars.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai has invested itself to build plants in North America, India, the Czech Republic, Pakistan, China, and Turkey, along with research and development facilities in Europe, Asia, North America, and the Pacific.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 2004, Hyundai Motor Company managed to post sales with a value of 57.2 billion US Dollars in South Korea and made it the second largest company in the country.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai's 2005 sales totaled 2,533,695 units worldwide, up 11% from the previous year.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai targeted in 2006 they could sell 2.7 million units of vehicles.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

By 2007, their sales had reached 3,961,629 units worldwide and made it past Fiat, Chrysler, PSA/Peugeot, Nissan, and Honda.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai vehicles are sold in 193 countries of the world with a network of 5,000 dealers and showrooms (showrooms).


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

After 2009, Hyundai is the fourth largest automotive company in the world. [14]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai's own brand in value continues to climb and was in 65th place in 2007 as “Best Global Brands” by a survey conducted by Interbrand and Business Week.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Its value is about 5 billion US Dollars.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Public perception of Hyundai has changed with the improvement in quality in Hyundai products.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 2011, the brand registered the world's highest sales growth for Hyundai's 2nd consecutive year in North America JMPL|Hyundai Universe Space Luxury, Hyundai's most modern tourist car today.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Successor to the Hyundai Aero.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

USA Hyundai began selling its cars in the United States on February 20, 1986 with a model, the Hyundai Excel.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

That time, the Excel was offered in a variety of trims and body models.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In that year, Hyundai set a record for the most car sales in its first year of business in the United States, with 168,882 units.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Initially received well, then the weaknesses of the Excel began to seem, such as; cuts in production fare led to poor quality of this car.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Due to this poor reputation regarding quality, quickly Hyundai sales fell dramatically, and many dealers only got funds from repairing cars or letting alone their products.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

At one point, Hyundai became the insult of many parties, to the point that David Letterman also included it as an ingredient in his show. [16]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

As a form of response, Hyundai began investing its funds into design development, quality, production, and research for its vehicles.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai provides a 10-year or 100,000-mile (160,000km) warranty for powertrains (known as the Hyundai challenge) on its vehicles sold in the United States.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 2004, Hyundai sales increased dramatically again and Hyundai's reputation improved.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 2004 as well, Hyundai was balanced with Honda in terms of quality on a survey/study conducted by J. D. Power and Associates, with 102 problems per 1000 vehicles.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

This makes Hyundai ranked second in the auto industry, only behind Toyota, in terms of vehicle quality.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

The company then finished third in the J. D. Power survey in 2006, behind Porsche and Lexus. [17]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai was ranked fourth in terms of “World's Most Respected Companies” by CNN in 2011, behind BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke), Volkswagen, and Daimler.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai continues to invest its funds in the United States as their products grow in popularity.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 1990, Hyundai launched the Hyundai Design Center in Fountain Valley, California.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

The center then moved to a $30-million facility in Irvine, California in 2003, and its name became the Hyundai Kia Motors Engineering and Design Center.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In addition to the design studio, in this facility used to be Hyundai America Technical Center, Inc. (HATCI launched in 1986), the division specifically responsible for Hyundai's technical issues in the U.S. Currently Hyundai America Technical Center is moving to a 200,000-square-foot facility ( 19,000m2) worth 117 million dollars in Superior Township, Michigan (near Ann Arbor).


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In that year as well, HATCI also announced that it would develop its engineering operations in Michigan and planned to add another 600 engineers and engineering employees in the next 5 years.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

HATCI also has offices in California and Alabama.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai America Technical Center completed construction of a 4,300-acre (17km2) facility in California City, California in 2004.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

The facility is located in the Mojave Desert and there is a 6.4-mile (10.3km) oval track, [4] a Vehicle Dynamics Area, control testing grounds, artificial hill streets, and several other types of roads.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

The facility is valued at 50 million US dollars. [18]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai also shelved an assembly plant on the outskirts of Montgomery, Alabama in 2004, with an official opening on May 20, 1005.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

The plant alone spent $1.1 billion in funding.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

The factory, which has 2,000 employees, produces Hyundai Sonata and Hyundai Santa Fe.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

The plant is Hyundai's second experiment to produce cars in North America since their factory in Quebec, Canada, closed in 1993.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 2006, J. D. Power and Associates positioned Hyundai in third place, behind Porsche and Lexus, in terms of quality. [19]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

This ranking fell to 12th place in 2007. [20]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 2009, Hyundai also won the best non-premium brand award in the J.D. Power and Associates study. [21]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

At the 2007 New York International Auto Show, Hyundai introduced a rear-wheel drive (FR) luxury sedan with a V8 engine called the Concept Genesis to be positioned above the Azera/Grandeur in its car lineup.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

The concept car debuted in mid-2008.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

The Hyundai Genesis is Hyundai's first rear-wheel drive car after they previously produced only front-wheel drive cars. [22]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai in India Hyundai Motor India Limited is currently India's second largest car exporter. [23]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai made India its global assembly base for small cars.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai also sells several models in India, some of which are popular are the Santro Xing, i10, and i20.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Other models for example Getz Prime, Accent, Terracan, Elantra (Discontinued), second generation Verna, Tucson, Santa Fe, and Sonata Transform.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai also has 2 factories in India located in Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu state.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Both plants have a total capacity of 600,000 units per year.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 2007, they also opened a research and development facility in Hyderabad Andhra pradesh, working on about 450 engineers from the country.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai in Europe In November 2008, Hyundai opened its first European plant in Nošovice, Czech Republic, followed by an investment of 1 billion Euros and 2 years of development. [24] [25] The plant is used to make i30 sold for the European market and has production capacity 300,000 units in a year. [26]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai's new plant is located 90km north of the Kia Motors-owned Design and Development Facility in Slovakia.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai in Turkey The opening of Hyundai's first factory in Turkey located İzmit was completed September 1997.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

As demand grew bigger, Hyundai opened a factory again in Kozyatağı, with collaboration with Isuzu Anadol.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai's joint venture in Turkey is known as Hyundai Assan Otomotiv.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai in Egypt Hyundai cars are also made in Egypt by local company Ghabbour Group located in Cairo.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai has many models sold in Egypt, along with several models that are only in the Egyptian market.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In the past, they also assembled a kind of Hyundai model Verna.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai in Russia In Russia, the production of such Hyundai cars as Accent, Sonata, Hyundai Elantra, Hyundai Santa Fe, is carried out at the TagAZ plant in Taganrog. [27]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

In 2007, they also began building an automobile plant in Saint Petersburg with a capacity per year of 100,000 cars.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

The plant was completed in 2010. [28]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai in China Currently, Hyundai is working with its partner in China Beijing Automobile Industry Holding Co. to develop electric cars sold only in China. [29] [30] Beijing Hyundai Joint venture with Beijing Automotive Group, [31] Beijing Hyundai Motor manufactures many Hyundai vehicles along with several other models that exist only in China. [32]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

The company successfully sold 700,000 passenger cars in 2010. [33]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai's own SUVs are manufactured by different companies.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hawtai Cooperation Between 2002 [34] -2010 [35] Hawtai Motor made Chinese models of the Hyundai Matrix, [36] Hyundai Santa Fe [34] [37], and Hyundai Terracan. [34] [37] Santa Fe was China's fifth best-selling SUV of 2010, [38] and some models made by Hawtai may differ from the country's market other. [39]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai in Japan Although Hyundai sales are rising rapidly in the world, but in Japan they can't do much.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai only managed to sell 15,000 units of cars from 2001 to 2009. [40]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

They issued an announcement in November 2009 containing withdrawing all of its passenger car products from the Japanese market and focusing on commercial cars only. [40]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

They also said that it is possible to return to the Japanese market if the market is conducive. [41]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai in the Philippines Currently Hyundai is in third place in the Philippine car market.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Models sold include Getz, i10, Accent, SantaFe, Sonata, and Grand Starex.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai's 2009 sales were approximately 11,086 units and in the following year 20,712 units, an almost two-fold increase.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai in New Zealand Hyundai sales in New Zealand in 2011 were up 27% compared to 2010. [42]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai in Indonesia Hyundai came first in Indonesia in 1995 through the Brand Holder Sole Agent (ATPM) PT.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

National Car Imagery.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

At that time, Hyundai launched one model, the Elantra, from an assembly plant in West Bekasi with a capacity of 10,000 units a year. [43]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Currently, Hyundai products in Indonesia include Avega, Grand Avega, H-1/Starex, Sonata, i10, Hyundai New Elantra (used only by the police force), and Tucson.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Previously, models that have been sold include Accent, Atoz, Matrix, Getz, Coupe, Grandeur/Azera, Santa Fe, and i20.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

The Hyundai i20 discontinued its sale in April 2012 due to the presence of the Grand Avega. [44]


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Current model lineup Accent/Verna (in Indonesia currently Grand Avega) Atos/Atoz/Santro Coupé/Tiburon/Tuscani Dynasty Elantra/Avante/Lantra Eon Equus/Centennial (Originally a joint project with Mitsubishi) [45] Excel Genesis Coupe Getz/Click/Getz Prime/TB Grandeur/Azerbaijan G (Originally is a joint project with Mitsubishi) i10 i20 ix20 i30/i30CW/Elantra Touring Hyundai i40 Lavita/Matrix Pony Santamo (Named also Mitsubishi Chariot, originally produced by Hyundai Precision Industry) Sonata/i45 Stellar Veloster Hyundai Eon Hyundai i10 Hyundai i20 Hyundai Veloster Turbo Hyundai Genesis Coupe Hyundai Genesis Hyundai Equus SUV and Entourage van (Similar to Kia Sedona) Galloper (Also named Mitsubishi Pajero, originally manufactured by Hyundai Precision Industry) Grace (Its first generation is another name of Mitsubishi Delica) H-1/H-200/ IMAX/I800/Libero/Satellite/Starex HD1000 (Minibus/Porter) Porter (Its first generation is another name of Mitsubishi Delica) Santa Fe Starex/Grand Starex/I800/H-1 Terracan Trajet Tucson/JM/IX35 Veracruz/IX55 Hyundai Tucson Hyundai Santa Fe Hyundai Veracruz Hyundai Terracruz Hyundai Terracruz Hyundai Hyundai Starex Commercial vehicle HM 1620 urban bus HM 1630 suburban bus Truck 4.5 - 5-ton Hyundai (Also named after Mitsubishi Fuso Fighter) 8 - 25-ton Hyundai truck (Also named after Mitsubishi Fuso Super Great) Aero (Also named after Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Bus) Aero City Aero Town (e-Aero Town) Bison & 3ton Truck Chorus County (E-county) Hyundai DQ-7 E-mighty Hyundai FB HD160 HD170 Mega Truck New Power Truck Nova (made by Ghabbour Group in Egypt [46]) Mighty (Also named after Mitsubishi Fuso Canter) Mighty II Hyundai RB Super Truck Medium Super Truck Trago Universe O303 Benz Bus Slogan Prepare To Want One (1998-2002 ) Always There For You (2002-2004) Drive Your Way (2004-2006) Think About It (2006-2008) Makes The Difference (2008-2010) New Thinking, New Positibilities (2011-2015) See also List of Korean automakers List of Hyundai engines Hyundai Group Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama Kia Motors Hyundai Mobis Bering Truck Corporation Board Farooque Motors Reference Outside link Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Where is Toyota Motor Corporation located?

Hyundai Motor Company

Category:South Korean Companies Category:Automotive Companies Category:Companies Founded in 1967 Category:Automotive


Question: Is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The Acehnese tribe (Acehnese: Ureuëng Acèh) is the name of a tribe of indigenous people inhabiting the coastal region and parts of the interior of Aceh Province, Indonesia.


Question: Is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The majority of Aceh tribes are Muslim. [5]


Question: Is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The Acehnese tribe has several other names namely Lam Muri, Lambri, Late, Achin, Asji, A-tse and Atse. [6] [7] The language spoken is Acehnese, which is part of the Western Malay-Polynesian language family and is closely related to the Cham language which is spoken in Vietnam and Cambodia. [5] [8] The Acehnese people are the descendants of various tribes, peoples, and peoples who settled in the land of Aceh.


Question: Is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The binder of Acehnese cultural unity is mainly in Acehnese language, religion, and custom.


Question: Is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Based on current estimates, the number of Acehnese tribes reached 3,526,000 people, most of whom live in Aceh Province, Indonesia. [9]


Question: Is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

While according to the results of BPS census data processed 2010 by Aris Ananta et al., the number of Acehnese tribes in Indonesia is 3,404,000 inhabitants. [1]


Question: Is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

In addition to Indonesia, there are also considerable diaspora minorities in Malaysia, [10] Singapore, [11] Saudi Arabia, [12] Australia, [13] Canada, [14] United States, [15] Paraguay, [16] Germany [17] and Scandinavian countries. [18] [19] Acehnese in pre-modern times lived matrilocally and communally.


Question: Is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

They live in settlements called gampong.


Question: Is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The fellowship of the gampong-gampong forms the mukim.


Question: Is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The golden age of Acehnese culture began in the 16th century, as the glory of the Islamic kingdom of Aceh Darussalam, and then reached its peak in the 17th century. [5]


Question: Is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The Acehnese tribe is generally known as a firm holder of Islamic teachings, and also as militant fighters in resisting Portuguese and Dutch colonial conquests. [5] [20] The origin of descendants Main article: History of Aceh The earliest archaeological evidence of the inhabitants of Aceh is from the post-Plestocene period, where they live on the east coast of Aceh (Langsa and Tamiang areas), and exhibit Australomelanesid traits. [21]


Question: Is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

They mainly live off marine produce, especially various types of shellfish, as well as land animals such as pigs and rhinos. [22]


Question: Is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

They had put on fire and buried the corpse with certain ceremony. [22]


Question: Is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Furthermore, there was the displacement of the indigenous tribes of Mantir [23] and Lhan (proto Malay), as well as the Champa, Malay, and Minang (deutro Malay) tribes that came later to form the indigenous population of Aceh.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Foreign peoples, especially southern Indian peoples, as well as a minority of Arabs, Persians, Turks, and Portuguese are also the forming components of the Acehnese tribe.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Aceh's strategic position in the northern part of the island of Sumatra, for many years has become a place of stopover and mix of various tribes, namely in the sea trade route from the Middle East to China.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Proto and Deutero Malay The legend of the Acehnese people mentioned that the earliest inhabitants of Aceh came from indigenous tribes; namely the Mante tribe (Mantir) and the Lhan tribe (Lanun). [24] [25] [26] The Mante tribe is a local ethnicity that is thought to be closely related to the Batak, Gayo tribe, and Alas [23] [25] while the tribe Lhan is thought to still be related to the Semang tribe who migrated from the Malaya Peninsula or the Rear Indies (Champa, Burma). [26]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The Mante tribe at first inhabited the Aceh Besar region and then spread to other places.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

There are also ethnological conjectures about the relationship of the Mante tribe with the Funians in Babylonia or the Dravids in the Indus and Ganges river valleys, but this cannot be established by experts for certainty. [27]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

When the Kingdom of Sriwijaya entered its decline, it is estimated that a group of Malays began to move to the land of Aceh. [28]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

In the fertile Tamiang river valley they later settled, and thereafter became known as the Tamiang tribe. [29]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

After they were conquered by the Kingdom of Samudera Pasai (1330), began their integration into Acehnese society, although in custom and dialect there remained close proximity to Malay culture.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Minang tribes who migrated to Aceh many settled around Meulaboh and Krueng Seunagan valley. [24]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Generally this fertile area they manage as wet rice fields and pepper groves, and some also trade. [24]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The mixed population of Aceh-Minang is also found in the southern region, namely in the area around Susoh, Tapaktuan, and Labuhan Hajj.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Many of them daily speak both in Acehneh and the Aneuk Jamee language, which is their own special dialect.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

As a result of political expansion and diplomatic relations of the Aceh Darussalam Sultanate to the surrounding region, then the Acehnese tribe also mixed with the tribes of Alas, Gayo, Karo, Nias, and Kluet.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The binder of Acehnese cultural unity derived from various descendants is mainly in the Acehnese language, Islamic religion, and local customs, as formulated by Sultan Iskandar Muda in the laws of Makuta Alam Customary.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

There are also many descendants of Indians in the land of Aceh, which is closely related to the trade and spread of Hindu-Buddhist and Islamic religions [30] in the land of Aceh.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Indian peoples are mostly of Tamil [31] and Gujarat, [32] whose descendants can be found scattered throughout Aceh.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The influence of the Indian nation is seen among others from the cultural and physical appearance in some Acehnese people, as well as the variety of Acehnese food that uses many curries. [33]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Many village names are taken from Hindi, (example: Indra Puri), reflecting the heritage of past Hindu culture.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Arabic, Persian, and Turkish “Sukèë Lhèë Reutōïh ban aneu' drang Sukèë Ja Sandang jra haleuba.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Sukèë Ja Batèë na bachut-bachut; Sukèë Imeum Peuët nyang gō'-gō' dōnya.”


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

— Oral poetry (hadih maja) in De Atjeher, Snouck Hurgronje. [34]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The Arabs who came to Aceh many came from Hadramaut, Yemen.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Among these arrivals were the margas al-Aydrus, al-Habsyi, al-Attas, al-Kathiri, Badjubier, Sungkar, Bawazier, and others, all of which were margas of Arab nations from Yemen. [35]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

They came as scholars spreading Islam and as trade. [30]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Seunagan area for example, until now is famous for many scholars of sayyid descent, which local people are honored as Teungku Jet or Habib. [24] In Seunagan many descendants of the great cleric Al Qutb Wujud Habib Abdurrahim known as Habib Seunagan.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Similarly, some of the Sultans of Aceh are also descendants of sayyid. [36]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Their descendants today many have intermarried with the indigenous Acehnese tribe, and omitted the name of the margins.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

There are also descendants of Persians who generally come to spread religion and trade, [30] while the Turks are generally invited to come to become clerics, arms dealers, warrior trainers, and war soldiers of the kingdom of Aceh. [37] [38] Today the descendants of Persians and Turks are mostly spread over the Aceh Besar region.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Names of Persian and Turkish heritage still remain in use by Acehnese to name their children, even the Banda designation in the name of the city of Banda Aceh is also an absorption word from the Persian language (Bandar means “port”).


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Portuguese Descendants of the Portuguese are mainly in the Kuala Daya region, Lam No (western coast of Aceh).


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Portuguese sailors under the lead of skipper Captain Pinto, who sailed to Malacca, had time to stop and trade in the territory of Lam No, where some of them settled there.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

History records this event occurred between the years 1492-1511, at which time it was Lam No under the rule of the small kingdom of Lam No, the leadership of King Meureuhom Daya.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Until now, it can still be seen descendants of those who still have European facial profiles.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Language Culture Main article: Acehnese JMPL|Level II area in Aceh with majority of Aceh speaking Aceh.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The Acehnese language belongs to the Aceh-Chamik language group, a branch of the Malay-Polynesian language family, a branch of the Austronesian language family. [39]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The languages that have the closest kinship to the Acehnese language are Cham, Roglai, Jarai, Rhade, Chru, Utset and other languages in the Chamik language family, which are spoken in Cambodia, Vietnam, and Hainan. [39]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The existence of loan words from the Mon-Khmer language indicates the possibility of the ancestors of the Acehnese tribe dwelled in the Malay Peninsula or southern Thailand bordering the Mon-Khmer speakers, before migrating to Sumatra. [40]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The vocabulary of the Acehnese language is much enriched by the uptake of Sanskrit and Arabic, especially in the fields of religion, law, government, war, arts, and sciences. [41]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Over the centuries the Acehnese language was also widely absorbed from the Malay language. [41]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The Malay language and the Minangkabau language are later relatives of the Aceh-Chamik languages, which are both classified in the West Malay-Polynesian language family.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

A group of Chamik-speaking immigrants originally allegedly controlled only a small area, namely the port of Banda Aceh in Aceh Besar. [42]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Marco Polo (1292) stated that in Aceh at that time there were 8 small kingdoms, each of which had its own language. [42]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The expansion of power over other coastal kingdoms, especially Pedir or Pidie, Pasai, and Daya, and the slowly absorption of the population over 400 years, eventually made the language of this Banda Aceh population dominant in coastal areas of Aceh. [42]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Other native speakers were also pushed inland by Acehnese-speaking speakers who opened the village. [42]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The Acehnese dialects in the Aceh Besar valley are divided into two major groups, namely Tunong for highland dialects and Barôh for lowland dialects. [41]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The large number of dialects found in Aceh Besar and Daya, indicating more time these territories were inhabited than any other region. [41]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

In the Pidie region there are also quite a number of dialects, although not as many as in Aceh Besar or Daya. [41]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The dialects in the east of Pidie and in the south of Daya are more homogeneous, thus connected with migrations that came later along with the expansion of power of the Kingdom of Aceh post 1500. [41]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

The local government of Aceh, among others, through Governor Decree No. 430/543/1986 and Regulation No. 2 of 1990 established the Aceh Institute of Indigenous and Cultural Affairs (LAKA), with the mandate of fostering the development of customs and customs of the people and indigenous institutions in Aceh. [43]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Indirectly this institution also maintains the preservation of the Acehnese language, because in every traditional and cultural activity, the delivery of these activities is in the Acehnese language. [43]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Similarly, the Acehnese language is commonly used in various daily affairs organized by government agencies in Aceh. [43]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Traditional Acehnese dance depicts local indigenous heritage, religion, and folklore. [44]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Acehnese dances are generally performed in groups, where a group of dancers are of the same sex, and their attractive positions are standing or sitting. [45]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

When viewed from the music of the retinue, the dances can be grouped into two kinds; that is accompanied by the vocal and percussion of the dancer's own body, and accompanied by an ensemble of musical instruments. [45]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Colombia Dance Seudati Dance Rateb Meuseukat Dance Likok Pulo Dance Laweut Dance Pho Dance Ratoh Duek Tarek Pukat Dance Rabbani Wahed Dance Ranup lam Puan Dance Rapa'i Geleng specialty food famous Acehnese cuisine many use a combination of spices as commonly found in cuisine Indian and Arabic, namely ginger, pepper, coriander, caraway, cloves, cinnamon, cardamom, and fennel. [46]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

A wide variety of Acehnese foods are cooked with goulash seasoning or curry seasoning as well as coconut milk, which is commonly combined with meat, such as buffalo meat, beef, goat, fish, and chicken. [47]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Some recipes traditionally exist that use cannabis as a flavoring condiment; it is also found in some other Southeast Asian cuisines such as in Laos, [48] but now the ingredient is no longer used. [49]


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Colombian Food Chicken Catch Rice Guri Eungkot Paya Kuwah Eungkôt Yèë Kuah Beulangong Kanji Rumbi Keumamah Kuwah Pliëk U Martabak Aceh Masam Keu'euëng Mie Aceh Sambai Acid Udeuëng Ripe Satay Sie Reuboh Noodles Caluk Sour Marrow Sop Kanji Rumbi Pulot Rujak Aceh Adèe Figular Sultan Iskandar Muda, the greatest Aceh sultan Teungku Chik Di Tiro, the great mujahid reviving the struggle of Aceh against the Dutch Tuanku Hashim Banta Muda, commander-in-chief of the Acehnese war force against the Dutch Teuku Umar, hero against the Dutch Cut Nyak Dhien, heroine against the Dutch Dutch Cut Nyak Meutia, heroine against Dutch Teungku Fakinah, female cleric and hero of Aceh against Dutch Daud Beureu'eh, leader of DI/TII Aceh movement Teuku Mohammad Hasan, first Sumatran governor Teuku Nyak Arief, first governor of Aceh Hasan Tiro, founder of the Free Aceh Movement Ismail al-Asyi, Acehnese great cleric Teuku Jacob, father of Indonesian paleoanthropology Teuku Markam, freedom fighter, businessman and contributor of 38kg gold Monas Ibrahim Alfian, historian and former dean of the Faculty of Literature, UGM P. Ramlee, Malaysian legend artist Tan Sri Sanusi Juned, former Malaysian minister Surya Paloh, Businessman and Politician.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Admiral Keumalahayati, World's First Female War Admiral.


Question: What is the native tribe of Aceh?

Tribe of Aceh

Sultan Malikussaleh, Sultan of the First Islamic Kingdom in the Archipelago Tun Sri Lanang, constituent of Sulatus Salatin See also Aceh Reference Footnotes Advanced reading Category:Tribes of nations in Aceh


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Asceticism (from Greek: σκησις áskesis, “sport” or “exercise”) or betting is a lifestyle characterized by laku-tirakat or abstaining from earthly pleasures, which is often done to achieve spiritual intentions.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The petaracs (practitioners of asceticism) could have deserted from the crowds of the world for the sake of exercising their practices, and could also live in the midst of society, but usually they adopted a very unpretentious lifestyle, characterized by rejection of things and enjoyment- bodily enjoyment, as well as passing time by fasting while persevering worship or while contemplating spiritual matters. [3]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Asceticism is divided into two kinds.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

“Natural asceticism” is a lifestyle that limits the aspects of truth in everyday life to a very unpretentious level and at a certain minimum but without damaging the body or living in an earnest state of necessity so agonizing the body, while “unnatural asceticism” is a practice that involves also acts of caution (mortification of the badani) and self-harm, for example by sleeping on a bed of nails. [4]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Throughout history, asceticism has been practiced in various religions, including Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Jaina religion, and Jews.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Asceticism is not practised in the mainstream Islamic religion, except by minority Sufi sects with its old traditions which also include strict gambles. [5] [6] The practitioners of asceticism in these religions deliberately dismiss worldly pleasures and live abstinent lifestyles, for the sake of pursuit of penance, [7] salvation, or spiritual attainment. [8]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

In ancient theology, asceticism was seen as a journey to spiritual transformation, a state where unpretentiousness is sufficient, true happiness is within the self, and lack is abundance. [3]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Etymology and meaning The adjective “ascetic” comes from the ancient Greek term, askēsis, meaning exercise or exercise.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

This term did not originally refer to the act of self-denial, but rather to physical training in preparation for an athletic championship.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

This term is also used as a designation for strenuous practices in all major religions carried out in varying weights to obtain penance and spiritual glory. [9]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Asceticism is classed into a form of natural asceticism and an unnatural form of asceticism. [4]”


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Natural asceticism” is defined as a lifestyle that limits aspects of truth in everyday life to a very unpretentious and limited level.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

This form of asceticism includes acts such as dressing modestly and confined, sleeping on the floor of a house or in a cave, and eating simple dishes in limited quantities. [4]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Natural asceticism, according to Wimbush and Valantasis, does not include acts that damage the body or life is truly reduced so that it aggravates the body. [4]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

In contrast, “unnatural asceticism” is defined as a practice that is much more strenuous, and also includes acts of caution, torturing yourself, and the habit of self-harm such as sleeping on a bed of nails. [4]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Asceticism in religion Discipline oneself and abstinence in form and to some degree are part of religious practice in many religions and spirituality traditions.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The ascetic lifestyle is specifically associated with monks, nuns, and fakirs in Abrahamist religions, as well as aunts, muni, sanyasi, and yogis in Indian religions. [10] [11] Abrahamist religions of Christianity Part of a series onChristian mysticism Theology · Apophatic Philosophy Ascetical Cataphatic Catholic spirituality Hellenistic Mystical theology Neoplatonic Henosis Practices Monasticism Monasticism Asceticism Spiritual direction Meditation Meditation Lectio Divina Invoking of Mystic Saints Active asceticism Contemplation Hesychasm Jesus prayer Quietism Stages of Christian perfection Divinization Catharsis Theosis Kenosis Spiritual dryness Religious ecstasy Passive asceticism Abstinence People (by era or century) Antiquity Ancient African Origen Gregory of Nyssa Pseudo-Dionysius Desert Fathers Paul of Thebes Anthony the Great Arsenius the Great Poemen Macarius of Egypt Moses the Black Syncletica Athanasius John Chrysostom Hilarion John Cassian 11th · 12th Bernard of Clairvaux Guigo II Hildegard of Bingen Symeon the New Theologian 13th · 14th Dominican Dominic de Guzmán Franciscan Francis of Assisi Anthony of Padua Bonaventure Jacopone da Todi Angela of Foligno English Richard Rolle Walter Hilton Julian of Norwich Margery Kempe Flemish Hadewijch Beatrice of Nazareth Lutgardis John of Ruysbroeck German Meister Eckhart Johannes Tauler Henry Suso Female Beatrice of Nazareth Bridget of Sweden Catherine of Siena Mechthild Magdeburg Marguerite Porete 15th · 16th Spanish Ignatius of Loyola Francisco de Osuna John of Ávila Teresa of Ávila John of the Cross Others Catherine of Genoa 17th · 18th French Margaret Mary Alacoque Pierre de Bérulle Jean-Jacques Olier Louis de Montfort Charles de Condren John Eudes John St. Samson Others María de Ágreda Anne Catherine Emmerich Veronica Giuliani Francis de Sales 19th Dina Bélanger Catherine Labouré Mélanie Calvat Maximin Giraud Bernadette Soubirous Conchita de Armida Luisa Piccarreta Mary of the Divine Heart Thérèse of Lisieux Gemma Galgani 20th Padre Neumann Marthe Robin Alexandrina of Balazar Faustina Kowalska Berthe Petit Sister Lúcia of Fátima Edgar Cayce Simone Weil Alfred Delp Thomas Merton Charles de Foucauld Edvige Carboni Elena Aiello Contemporary papal viewsAppects of meditation (Orationis Formas, 1989) Reflection on the New Age (2003) Literature · Media Lingua Ignota Order Virtutum Scivias Ascent of Mount Carmel Dark Night of the Soul Spiritual Canticle Way of Perfection Book of the First Monks The Interior Castle Abbey of the Holy Ghost A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation Diary: Divine Mercy in My Soul From Willow Creek to Sacred Heart The Glories of Mary The Imitation of Christ The Ladder of Divine Ascent Philokalia Revelations of Divine Love Spiritual Canticle The Story of a Soul Theologia Germanica Devotio Moderna The Miracle of Our Lady of Fatima Sol de Fátima The Cloud of Unknowing The Consolation of Philosophy The Mirror of Simple Souls Sister Catherine Treatise Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii The Vision of Adamnán Divine Comedy Inferno Purgatorio Paradisovt Christian props from the end of ancient times such as Origenes, Saint Heronimus, [12] Santo Ignasius, [13] John Krisostomus, and Augustine interpreted the meaning of Bible verses in a highly ascetic spiritual environment.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Examples of asceticism in the Bible can be found in the life accounts of John the Baptist, Jesus, the twelve apostles, and the Apostle Paul.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The scrolls of the Dead Sea manuscript reveal the tyrakat of the ancient Jewish sect, the Esseni, who lived abstaining in preparation for a holy war.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The primacy of the spiritual life of an ascetic pattern is evidenced by the content of written works (see Philokalia) and the practices (see hesicasm) of prime Christian.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Other Christians who became practitioners of asceticism among them were Simeon Stilitis, Saint Davidus of Wales, and Francis of Assisi. [14]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

According to Richard Finn, most of the prime Christian asceticism is traced to the Jewish religion, but not traced to the Greek asceticism. [3]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

However, according to Finn, some ascetic ideas in Christianity are rooted in Greek moral ideas. [3]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

A vibrant life cannot be realized when people are still pursuing bodily pleasures with great desire.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

In ancient theology, morality was not seen as a counterbalance between right and wrong, but rather as a form of spiritual transformation, where unpretentiousness is sufficiency, true happiness is within the self, and decreasing is abundance. [3]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The wilderness of the Middle East was once inhabited by thousands of Christian ascetics, [15] of whom were Saint Antonius the Great (aka Santo Antonius of the Desert), Santa Maria of Egypt, and Saint Simeon Stilitis.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

In AD 963, a union of monasteries called the Lavra was formed on Mount Athos, in the Eastern Orthodox Christian madhab. [16]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Mount Athos Lavra will become the most important center for Orthodox Christian paguyubans in later centuries. [16]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

In modern times, Mount Athos and Meteora remain important centers of asceticism. [17]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Copulation abstinence as implemented by the Christian Encratit sect is only one aspect of the rejection of earthly matters in asceticism, and both natural asceticism and unnatural asceticism have become part of Christian asceticism.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Natural asceticism includes unpretentious living, asking for alms, [18] fasting, and ethical practices such as being humble, compassionate, patient, and diligent worship. [19]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Evidence for the existence of unnatural asceticism in Christianity is contained in the manuscripts of the 2nd century and after, both in Eastern Orthodox Christian madhabs and Western Christian madhabs, for example, the act of chaining bodies to a rock, eating only grass, [20] praying in a sitting state upon the pillar of the rest of the ruins by Rahib Simeon Stilitis, [21] caged oneself in cells, neglecting the maintenance of one's own health and adopting the lifestyle of wild animals, self-harm and suffering voluntarily. [18] [22] Such does-tirakat is associated with the concept of sin and redemption in Christianity. [23] [24] Evagrius Ponticus: The domestic teachings of Evagrius Ponticus, also called Evagrius the Loner (345-399 AD), was a highly educated monastic teacher who produced a large trove of written works on theology, mostly themed on asceticism, including Gnostikos (from ancient Greek: γνωστικός gnostikos, “knowledgeable”, from the word γνύσις gnōsis, knowledge), also known by the title Gnostikos: For the Worthy To Receive Gnosis.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Gnostikos is the second volume of a trilogy containing Praktikos, intended for young monks to attain apatheia, which is “a shady state that is a prerequisite for having love and knowledge”, [25] in order to purify their intellect and make it resilient to reveal the truth hidden in all beings.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The third book, Kefalaia Gnostika, is intended for semadi performed by more experienced monks.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

These written works have placed Evagrius Ponticus in the pantheon of the most prominent ascetic teachers and Biblical interpreters of his day, which also includes Klemens of Aleksandria and Origenes.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The prime Christian ascetic literature was influenced by the madhabs of pre-Christian Greek philosophy, particularly the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle, which sought to seek a perfect spiritual way of life. [26]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

According to Klemens of Aleksandria, philosophy and the Bible can be viewed as “double expressions of a single pattern of knowledge”. [25]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

According to Evagrius, “raga and soul exist to aid intelligence and not to hinder it”. [27]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The Islamic term for asceticism is zuhud. [28]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The main religion of Islam has no tradition of asceticism, but Sufi sects — which are a minority in Islam [29] — have preserved a tradition of asceticism for centuries. [5] [30] Monasticism is forbidden in Islam. [31]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Sufism Experts who study Sufis argue that asceticism (zuhud) was a precursor to the doctrinal training of Sufis that began to emerge in the 10th century through the written works of Sufism figures such as al-Junaid, al-Qushayrī, al-Sarrāj, al-Hujwīrī, and others. [32] [ 33] According to Eric Hanson and Karen Armstrong, sufism grew as a somewhat secretive mystic stream in the main Sunni madhab and Shi'ah, in response to the “increasingly worldly society of the Bani Umayyads and Banu Abbas”. [34]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

According to Nile Green, the acceptance of asceticism in Sufism occurs slowly because asceticism contradicts the Sunnah, and the Sufis are premiering “laku-tirakat as common horns that are unnecessary and equal to pretending to be righteous”. [35]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

From century to century, Sufi plotters were hunted and persecuted by Sunni and Shi'ah rulers. [36] [37] Sufism was adopted and thrives, especially in the border regions of Islamic countries, where asceticism of the fakirs (or dervishes) was appreciated by the local people who had become accustomed to with Buddhist, Hindu, or Christian religious traditions. [34] [38] [39] Sufi fathers include celibacy, fasting, and dying. [40] [41] Sufi plotters also mobilize Islamic fighters to fight in holy wars, help travelers, give blessings because it is considered to have occult powers, and helps reconcile disputes. [42]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Ritual laku-tirakat, such as self-flogging (tatbir) is practised by Shi'ah Muslims every year in the commemoration of Ihya Muharram. [43]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Jewish religion The history of Jewish asceticism began long before the beginning of the date AD with the existence of the Nazirs (Book of Numbers 6) and the traditions of wilderness asceticism. [44]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Written evidence implies that the tradition of asceticism has long been practised continuously up to the date of AD, and may be practised by both Jewish men and women, with examples such as the fourteen-year period held by Queen Helena of Adiabene, and by Miriam of Tadmor. [44] [45] It includes abstaining from a haircut, abstaining from eating meat or grapes, abstaining from drinking khamar, or fasting and living as a recluse. [44]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

On the return of the Jews from the banishment of Babylon and in the absence of the institutionalization of the Mosaic law, a new form of asceticism arose when Antioch IV Epifanes was about to destroy the Jewish religion in 167 BC.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The Esseni-Hasidim Mazhab of the 2nd Temple period is described as one of the movements in the history of Jewish asceticism between the 2nd century BC and the 1st century AD. [46] Asceticism is rejected by modern Jewish religion; asceticism is considered contrary to God's will for the world.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

God wants the world to be enjoyed, and for people to be in a good mood when worshiping. [47]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The lifestyle of asceticism and votive submission is critically examined.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

There were indeed Jewish ascetic sects in ancient times and the Middle Ages, [48] the most prominent of which were the Esseni and the Ebionites.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

More extreme forms of cautiousness practised by earlier Jewish mystic sects became controversial in the Hasidim movement.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Therefore, these practices can lead to broken spirits, Rabbi Ba'al Shaym Tow judged it is not the right condition for a person to worship Hasyem (Allah).


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Askenazi Hasidim (Hebrew: חידידיאשקנ, Hasidei Askenaz) is a Jewish mystic ascetic movement in Rheinland, Germany.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Their tyrakat is enshrined in manuscripts of the 12th and 13th centuries. [49]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Peter Meister argues that this Jewish asceticism emerged in the 10th century and later became widespread, especially in Southern Europe and the Middle East, through the movement of Jewish piety. [50]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

According to Shimon Shokek, these tirakat were a result of the influence of Medieval Christianity on the teachings of Askenazi Hasidim.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The Jews of this Hasidim madhab practiced the act of punishing bodies, torturing themselves by holding hunger, sitting in the outdoors while shivering in the cold in the snow season or enduring the hot sun and tick bites in the summer, all with the aim of purifying soul and divert attention from the body to the soul. [49]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Bahá'í religion According to Shoghi Effendi, in Baha'i religion, maintaining a high standard of budi-pekerti should not be associated or mixed with any form of asceticism, nor with excessive and shortsighted puritanism.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The standard of budi-pekerti taught by Bahá'u'lláh is in no way intended to deny the rightful right and authority of anyone to glean the great benefits and advantages of all manner of joy, beauty, and enjoyment that have been created abound in in the world by the Most Compassionate Creator. [51] :44 The Indian religions of Asceticism are found in Indian religions, both in non-theistic psalms and theistic madhabs.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Laku-tirakat has existed since antiquity and is a common heritage for major Indian religions such as Buddhism, Hindui religion, and Jaina religion.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

This practice of tirakat is likely to grow from the syncretism of the teachings of Vedas and Sramana. [52]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Asceticism in Indian religions includes a spectrum consisting of a variety of tyrakat, ranging from the act of soft self-discipline, forcing oneself to live poor and unpretentious that is prevalent in Buddhism and Hinduism, [53] [54] to much more weight and cautious measures practised by the monks of the now-extinct Jaina and Ajiwika religions, in order to achieve salvation. [55]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Some plots live as solitary ascetics and hang their lives on whatever food they can find in the forest, and sleep and reside in caves; other plotters travel from one sanctuary to another while asking for alms of food; but some live in monasteries as monks or nuns. [56]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Some plotters go through life as pastors and preachers, but some are armed and militant, [56] to defend themselves against persecution — a symptom that arises after Islam's entry into India. [57] [58] The act of torturing oneself is relatively not prevalent but able to attract people's attention.