Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

As a result of the actions of mental disorders, the community was angry and destroyed the shops belonging to the people of Tiong Hoa. [23]


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Bandung, 14 January 1996.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

The mob went berserk after Iwan Fals's musical performance.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

They pelted shops belonging to the Tiong Hoa people.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

The trigger was, they were disappointed they couldn't enter the show because they didn't have a ticket.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Rengasdengklok, 30 January 1997.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

At first there was a tribe of peranakan Tiong Hoa who was disturbed by the sound of Dawn beduk.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

A shuffle ensues.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

The community went on a rampage, destroying Chinese homes and shops. [24]


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Ujungpandang, 15 September 1997.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Benny Karre, a descendant of Tiong Hoa and a mental illness, snatched a native child, riots exploded, Chinese shops were burned and destroyed. [15]


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

February 1998.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Kraksaan, Donggala, Sumbawa, Flores, Jatiwangi, Losari, Gebang, Pamanukan, Lombok, Rantauprapat, Aeknabara: January — Anti Tionghua. [15]


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

The riots of May 1998.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

One of the most remembered examples of racial riots of Chinese Indonesians is the May 1998 Riots.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

In this riot many shops and companies were destroyed by mass rampages — mainly belonging to Indonesians of Chinese descent.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

The largest concentrations of unrest occurred in Jakarta, Bandung, and Solo.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

There were hundreds of women of Chinese descent who were raped and subjected to sexual abuse in the riots.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Some were even raped crowded, sadistically persecuted, then murdered.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

In the riots, many Indonesians of Chinese descent were killed, injured, subjected to sexual abuse, physical and inner suffering and many citizens of Chinese descent left Indonesia.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Until the following years the Indonesian Government had not taken any action against the big names considered provocateurs of the May 1998 riots.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Even the government issued a statement contradicting the actual fact that happened saying there was absolutely no mass rape of women of Chinese descent due to there being no concrete evidence of the rape.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

The causes and reasons for this riot are still widely covered with obscurity and controversy to this day.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

However, people generally agree that this event is a black sheet of Indonesian history, while some parties, especially the Chinese, argue it is an act of extermination of these people. [15] [20] May 5-8, 1998.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Medan, Belawan, Pulobrayan, Lubuk-Pakam, Perbaungan, Tebing-Tinggi, Pengatang-Siantar, Tanjungmorawa, Pantailabu, Galang, Pagarmerbau, Beringin, Batangkuis, Percut Sei Tuan: The growing political discontent so anti-Chinese. [15] [20] Jakarta, 13-14 May 1998.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Mass anger due to the shooting of Trisakti University students developed by certain political groups became anti-Chinese riots.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

This event was the most major anti-Chinese event in the history of the Republic of Indonesia.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

A number of women of Chinese descent were raped. [15] [20] Solo, 14 May 1998.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Political discontent that was later moved by certain political groups became anti-Tionghua riots. [15] [20] [25] The Role of Chinese Citizens for the Republic of Indonesia The Economic Role of Social Cultural and Educational Role The establishment of Chinese schools by the organization Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan (THHK) since 1900, encouraging the flourishing of the Malay Chinese press and literature.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

So within 70 years there have been produced about 3000 books, a remarkable achievement when compared to the literature produced by the new generation of pojangga, 45, 66 and post 66 that are not as productive.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Thus this community has been meritorious in forming one beginning of Indonesian language development.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

The contribution of Chinese Indonesians is also seen in the Sin Po newspaper, where Sin Po newspaper became the first newspaper to publish the text of Indonesia Raya songs after being agreed on the 1928 Youth Pledge.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

The name Sie Kok Liong is very rarely heard by Indonesians, but Sie Kok Liong is a Chinese resident who rents his house to young men in organizing Youth Pledge.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

There are few notes about Sie Kok Liong, along with the growth of schools in the early 20th century in Jakarta also grew student cottages to accommodate those who are not accommodated in boarding schools or for those who want to live more freely outside the strict dormitories.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

One of the student lodges is Kramat 106 Building owned by Sie Kok Liong.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

In Building Kramat 106 this is a number of movement youth and students often gather.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

The building, in addition to being a residence and often used as a training ground for art Langen Siswo is also often used to place discussions about the politics of youth and students.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Moreover, after the Indonesian Student Association (PPPI) was established in September 1926.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

In addition to being the office of PPPI and the editorial office of Indonesia Raya magazine published by PPPI, various youth organizations often use this building as a place for congresses.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Even in 1928 Kramat Building 106 became one of the organizing places of Youth Congress II dated 27—28 October 1928.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Trisakti University which is now one of the famous universities in Indonesia is also one of the contribution of Chinese citizens in Indonesia.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

In 1958, the university was founded by Baperki officials who are mostly of Chinese descent, one of them is Siauw Jade Tjhan, in 1962 by President Soekarno the name of the university was changed to Res Publika University until 1965, and since the New Order, the university switched name became Trisakti University until now.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

In Medan known for the generosity of Tjong A Fie, his respect for Sultan Deli Makmun Al Rasyid was realized by this Chinese businessman by accounting for a third of the construction of Medan Mosque.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Tjong A Fie's house remains still in the city of Medan although the building looks unfurnished anymore.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

In Bagansiapiapi there is a Barge Burn Ritual as the gratitude of the Chinese people Bagansiapiapi for the protection of Lord Kie Ong Ya.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Ritual Bakar Barge is very relied upon by local authorities as a tourist attraction of the area where every year suck tens of thousands of tourist visits both domestic and abroad.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Currently in Taman Mini Indonesia Indah is being built Indonesian Chinese cultural garden initiated by PSMTI.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

The construction of the park is planned to be completed before 2012 at a cost of approximately 50 billion rupiah.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Chinese-Indonesian figures Footnotes and references See also China List of Chinese-Indonesian figures Chinese Marga People Peranakan Chinatown Chinatown Association of Chinese Indonesian-Indonesian Chinese Chinese Churches Advanced reading T'ien Ju-k'ang.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

The Chinese of Sarawak, L. S. E. Monographs on Social Anthropology, No. 12, London (London School of Economics, Department of Anthropology), 1953.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

Willmott, Donald Earl.


Question: Where did Tony Wen die?

Chinese-Indonesian

The Chinese of Semarang: A Changing Minority in Indonesia, Ithaca (Cornell University Press), 1960. (in English) Outlinks (in English) (in English) (in English) (in English) Chinese


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

New Order is a designation for the reign of President Soeharto in Indonesia.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The New Order replaced the Old Order which refers to the era of Soekarno government.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The birth of the New Order began with the issuance of the Warrant 11 March 1966. [1]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The New Order lasted from 1966 to 1998.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In that time frame, Indonesia's economy expanded rapidly despite this occurring alongside rampant corruption practices.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Background Despite being independent, Indonesia from 1950 to 1960s was in a relatively unstable condition. [2]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Even after the Netherlands officially recognized Indonesia's independence in 1949, political and economic circumstances in Indonesia were still labile due to the tight competition among political groups. [2]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Soekarno's decision to replace the parliamentary system with Leaded Democracy aggravated this condition by tapering the competition between the armed forces and the Indonesian Communist Party, which at that time intended to arm themselves. [2]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Before it was carried out, the events of the 30 September Movement occurred and resulted in the removal of the Indonesian Communist Party from Indonesia. [2]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Since then, Soekarno's power has slowly begun to weaken. [3]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Supersemar and the revival of Soeharto Birth Warrant Sebeli-Maret 1966 (Supersemar) New Order was born from the issuance of the Sebelas Maret Warrant (Supersemar) in 1966, which later became the basis of its legality. [1]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The New Order aims to relay the order of the whole life of the people, the nation, and the state on the purity of the implementation of Pancasila and the 1945 Basic Law. [1]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The birth of Supersemar occurred in a series of events on March 11, 1966.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

At that time, the enhanced Dwikora Cabinet Session led by President Soekarno was underway. [4]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In the midst of the event, the presidential aide reported that around the palace there were unknown troops. [1]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

To avoid undesirable things, President Soekarno handed over the leadership of the session to Deputy Prime Minister (Waperdam) II Dr. Johannes Leimena and departed to Bogor Palace, accompanied by Waperdam I Dr Subandrio, and Waperdam III Chaerul Saleh. [4]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Leimena himself caught up with the president as soon as the trial ended. [4]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Elsewhere, three high-ranking officers, namely Major General Basuki Rachmat, Brigadier General M. Yusuf, and Brigadier General Amir Machmud met with Lieutenant General Soeharto as Minister Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Commander of the Security and Order Recovery Operations Command (Pangkopkamtib) to seek permission to face the president. [4]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Immediately after receiving permission, on the same day three high-ranking officers came to Bogor Palace with the aim of reporting conditions in the capital Jakarta to convince President Soekarno that ABRI, especially AD, was ready on standby. [4]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

However, they also pleaded for President Soekarno to take action to address this situation. [4]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In response to this request, President Soekarno issued a warrant addressed to Lieutenant General Soeharto as Minister Commander of the Army to take action in order to ensure the security, tranquility, and stability of government for the integrity of the nation and the state of the Republic Indonesia. [4]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The formulation of this warrant itself was assisted by three high-ranking officers of ABRI, namely Major General Basuki Rachmat, Brigadier General M. Yusuf, Brigadier General Amir Machmud, and Brigadier General Sabur, Commander of the Presidential Guards Troop Cakrabirawa. [4]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

It was this warrant that later became known as the Warrant of March 11, 1966 or Supersemar. [4]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The enfranchisement of the Indonesian Communist Party As a follow-up to the exit of the Sebeli-Maret Warrant, Lieutenant General Soeharto took some action.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

On March 12, 1966, he issued a decree containing the dissolution and prohibition of the Communist Party of Indonesia as well as the ormas who took refuge and shelter or in line with him to engage and live in Indonesian territory. [4]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

This decision was later strengthened by President/Pangti ABRI ABRI/Mandataris MPRS Decree No.1/3/1966 dated March 12, 1966. [5]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The decision to dissolve the Communist Party of Indonesia and its ormas received welcome and support because it was one of the realizations of Tritura. [5]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

On March 18, 1966, Soeharto secured 15 ministers who were judged to be stuck in the 30 September Movement and doubted his good ethics that were poured in Presidential Decree No. 5 dated March 18, 1966. [5]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

He then renewed the enhanced Dwikora Cabinet and purged legislative institutions, including the MPRS and DPRGR, of persons deemed to be involved of the 30 September Movement. [5]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Membership of the Communist Party of Indonesia in the MPRS is declared to be decreasing.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The role and position of MPRS were also returned in accordance with the 1945 Constitution, namely above the president, not vice versa. [6]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In the DPRGR itself, in total there were 62 dismissed members. [5]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Soeharto also separated the position of DPRGR pimpian with the executive position so that the leadership of DPRGR is no longer given the position of minister. [5]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

On June 20 to July 5, 1955, MPRS General Session was held with the following results: MPRS Decree No. IX/MPRS/1966 on the Attestation and Inauguration of Supersemar. [7]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The decree of MPRS No. X/MPRS/1966 regulates the Central and Regional Level State Institutions. [7]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The decree of MPRS No. XII/MPRS/1966 on Foreign Political Wisdom Free Active. [7]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The decree of MPRS No. XIII/MPRS/1966 on the Establishment of the Ampera Cabinet. [7]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The decree of MPRS No. XIX/MPRS/1966 on Reviewing Tap.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

MPRS Contrary to the 1945 Constitution. [7]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The decree of MPRS No. XX/MPRS/1966 on the Orderly Sources of Indonesian Law and the Order of Legislation in Indonesia. [7]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The decree of MPRS No. XXV/MPRS/1966 on the Dissolution of the Indonesian Communist Party and the Statement of the Indonesian Communist Party and its Ornaments as a Prohibited Organization in Indonesia. [7]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The results of the General Assembly IV of MPRS became the initial foundation of the New Order and was considered successful in meeting two of the three demands of the people (tritura), namely the dissolution of the Communist Party of Indonesia and the cleaning of the cabinet from elements of the Communist Party of Indonesia. [7]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In addition to being disbanded and purged, Indonesian Communist Party cadres were also massacred especially in rural areas on the island of Java. [8]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

This massacre was not only carried out by the armed forces, but also by the common people who were armed. [8]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In addition to the cadres, thousands of public servants, scientists, and artists deemed involved were also arrested and grouped by their level of involvement with the Communist Party of Indonesia. [8]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Some were exiled to Buru Island, a small island in the Moluccas. [9]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

On 30 September each year, the government aired a film depicting the Indonesian Communist Party as a vile organization. [2]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The establishment of Ampera Cabinet In order to meet the demands of the three Tritura, Soeharto with the support of MPRS Decree No. XIII/MPRS/1966 formed a new cabinet named Ampera Cabinet. [10]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The main task of the Ampera Cabinet is to create economic stability and political stability, otherwise known as Dwidarma Ampera Cabinet. [10]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The work program launched by the Ampera Cabinet called Caturkarya Cabinet Ampera, namely: [10] improving the life of the people especially in the field of clothing and food; carrying out general elections within the deadline as stated in MPRS Determination No. XI/MPRS/1966 (5 July 1968); carrying out free and active foreign politics for the national interest in accordance with MPRS Decree No. XI/MPRS/1966; continues the struggle of antiimperialism and anticolonialism in all its forms and manifestations.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Ampera Cabinet is headed by President Soekarno, but its implementation is carried out by the Presidium of the Cabinet headed by General Soeharto. [10]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

As a result, a leadership dualism arose that became a less favorable condition for political stability at that time. [10]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Soekarno at that time still had political influence, but his power was slowly weakened. [3]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The military, especially those with education in Western countries, objected to the Soekarno government's policies close to the Indonesian Communist Party. [3]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The flow of aid from the Soviet Union and China also further added to fears that Indonesia was moving into a communist state. [3]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Finally on February 22, 1967, to overcome the conflict situation that was growing at that time, President Soekarno handed over power to General Soeharto. [10]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

This submission was stated in the Announcement of the President Mandataris of MPRS, Supreme Commander of ABRI on February 20, 1967. [10]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The announcement was based on MPRS Decree No. XV/MPRS/1966 which states if the president obstructs, the holder of the Warrant of March 11, 1966 serves as the holder of the office of president. [10]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

On March 4, 1967, General Soeharto gave government information before a session of DPRHR regarding the surrender of power. [10]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

However, the government remains opinionated that the MPRS session needs to be implemented so that the handover of power remains constitutional. [10]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Therefore, the Special Session of MPRS held on March 7-12, 1967 in Jakarta, which finally officially appointed Soeharto as president of the Republic of Indonesia until the election of the Assembly by the general election results. [10]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The economic policy of the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) Early in its power, the New Order Government inherited the economic slump left by the previous administration. [11]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

This economic deterioration is characterized by the low per capita income of the population of Indonesia which only reaches 70 US dollars, high inflation reaching 65%, as well as the destruction of economic means due to the conflict that occurred at the end of the Soekarno government [11] To overcome this slump, New Order governments create short-term programs based on Tap.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

MPRS No. XXII/MPRS/1966 directed to inflation control and efforts to rehabilitate economic facilities, improvement of economic activity, and the adequacy of support needs. [12]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

This short-term program is taken in consideration if inflation can be controlled and stability achieved, economic activity will recover and production will increase. [12]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Starting from April 1, 1969, the government created a foundation for development called the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita). [12]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The first repelita started in 1969 focused on the rehabilitation of important infrastructure and the development of the business climate and investment. [12]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Agricultural sector development is given priority to meet food needs before building other sectors. [12]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Development, among others, is implemented by building agricultural infrastructure such as irrigation, transportation, agricultural technology, financing needs, and banking credit. [12]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Farmers are also assisted through the provision of key supporting means such as fertilizer to the marketing of produce. [12]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Repelita I brought economic growth up from an average of 3% to 6.7% per annum, per capita income increased from 80 US dollars to 170 US dollars, and inflation could be suppressed to 47.8% by the end of Repelita I in 1974. [12]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Repelita II (1974—1979) and Repelita III (1979—1984) focus on achieving economic growth, national stability, and development equalization with emphasis on agricultural and industrial sectors that process raw materials into raw materials. [12]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In 1984, Indonesia managed to achieve the status of rice self-sufficiency from which was once one of the largest rice importing countries in the world in the 1970s. [12] Focus Repelita IV (1984-1989) and Repelita V (1989-1994), in addition to trying to maintain progress in the agricultural sector, also began to focus on the industrial sector, especially industries that produce export goods, industries that absorb labor, industrial processing of agricultural products, and industries that can produce industrial machinery. [13]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Self-sufficiency in rice Since its inception in power, the New Order government has focused on developing the agricultural sector because it considers food security to be the main prerequisite of economic and political stability. [14]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The sector grew rapidly after the government built various agricultural infrastructure such as irrigation and transportation, agricultural technology, and business counselling. [14]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The government also provides certainty on the marketing of production products through an institution named Bulog (Logistics Affairs Agency). [14]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Starting from 1968 to 1992, the production of agricultural produce increased sharply. [14]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In 1962, for example, rice production reached only 17,156 thousand tons. [14]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

This number was successfully tripled to 47,293 thousand tons in 1992, meaning rice production per life increased from 95.9kg to 154.0kg per soul. [14]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

This achievement is a great achievement considering Indonesia was once one of the largest rice importing countries in the world in the 1970s. [14] The government's welfare equalization also tried to accompany economic growth with the equalization of population welfare through programs in the provision of food needs, nutrition improvement, health care equalization, family planning, primary education, water supply, and simple housing development. [14]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

This strategy is implemented consequently in every lamp. [15]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Thanks to this effort, Indonesia's population was reduced from 60% in the 1970s to 15% in the 1990s. [15] People's per capita income also rose from just 70 dollars per year in 1969, increasing to 600 dollars per year in 1993. [14]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Economic equalization is also accompanied by an increase in life expectancy, from 50 years in the 1970s to 61 years in 1992. [14]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In the same time period, infant mortality also decreased from 142 for every 1,000 live births to 63 for every 1,000 live births. [14]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The number of people is also successfully controlled through Family Planning (KB) program. [14]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

During the decade of the 1970s, the rate of population growth reached 2.3% per annum.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

By the beginning of the 1990s, the figure could be lowered to 2.0% per annum. [14]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Structuring Political Life Dissolution of the Communist Party of Indonesia and the Organization of its time In order to ensure the security, tranquility, and stability of government, Soeharto as the leader of Supersemar has issued a policy: Disband the Indonesian Communist Party on March 12, 1966 strengthened with the decree MPRS No IX/MPRS/1966 Declaring the Indonesian Communist Party as a prohibited organization in Indonesia On March 8, 1966 secured 15 ministers who were considered involved in the 30 September 1965 Movement.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Simplification of Political Parties In 1973 after the implementation of the first general elections during the New Order of government government made simplification and merge (fusion) of political parties into three social political forces.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The merger of those political parties is not based on similarity of ideology, but rather upon programme similarities.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The three social political forces are: United Development Party (PPP) which is a combination of NU, Parmusi, PSII, and PERTI Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) which is a combination of PNI, Catholic Party, Murba Party, IPKI, and Parkindo Golongan Karya Simplification parties This politics is carried out by the New Order government in an effort to create stability of national and state life.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Historical experience during the previous administration has given a lesson, that the divisions that occurred during the Old Order, due to differences in political ideology and ununiformity of perception and understanding Pancasila as the highest source of law in Indonesia.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

General Elections During the New Order period the government successfully conducted six general elections, namely in 1971, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992, and 1997.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In every election held during the term of New Order government, Golkar always obtained a majority of votes and won the election.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In the 1997 general election which was the last election of the New Order government term, Golkar gained 74.51% with the gain of 325 seats in Parliament and PPP gained 5.43% with the gain of 27 seats.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

While the PDI suffered from a slump of votes with only 11 seats in Parliament.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

This is due to the internal conflict in the body of the bull-headed party.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

PDI finally broke into PDI Suryadi and PDI Megawati Soekarno Putri which is now PDIP.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The regular holding of elections during the New Order government has given rise to the impression that democracy in Indonesia has done well.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Moreover, the election took place with the principle of LUBER (direct, general, free, and secret).


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

But in reality, the election is directed to the victory of one of the election contestants only namely Golkar.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Golkar's always striking victory since the 1971 election until the 1997 election benefited the government whose vote balance in the Assembly and Parliament was dominated by Golkar.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

This situation has allowed Soeharto to become President of the Republic of Indonesia for six periods, since during the New Order the president was elected by the members of the Assembly.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In addition any accountability, draft laws, and other proposals from the government always get the approval of the Assembly and Parliament without record.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The Dual Role (Dwi Function) of ABRI During the New Order, ABRI became the most important institution in Indonesia.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In addition to being an armed force, the ABRI also holds political functions, making it the largest political organization in the country.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The dual role of ABRI is then famous as Dwi Function ABRI.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The onset of the dual role of ABRI due to the thought that the military is a warrior and army fighter.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The position of the military and the police in the government is the same. in the Assembly and Parliament they got a seat allotment by way of appointment without going through elections.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Consideration of appointment of MPR/DPR members from ABRI is based on their function as a stabilitator and dynamisator.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The role of dynamisator has actually been played by ABRI since the days of the War of Independence.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

At that time General Soedirman had done so by continuing the struggle, although the leader of the government had been detained by the Dutch.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Likewise what Soeharto did when it saved the nation from schism after the 30 September Movement, which gave birth to the New Order.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The system provoked controversy in ABRI's own body. [16]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Many officers, particularly those who are young, consider that this system reduces the professionality of ABRI. [16]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The inclusion of social and political education within military academies resulted in reduced time studying military strategy. [16]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In strength, ABRI has also become weak compared to other Southeast Asian countries. [16]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

At that time, there were only 533,000 ABRI soldiers, including Police who were still part of ABRI. [16]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

This figure, which covers only 0.15 percent of the total population, is very small compared to Singapore (2.06%), Thailand (0.46%), and Malaysia (0.68%). [16]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The funding obtained by ABRI is no less small, only about 1.96% of total GDP, while Singapore's armed forces get 5.48% and Thailand 3.26%. [16]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In addition, the equipment and supplies it has are also few; ABRI has only 100 large tanks and 160 light tanks. [16]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Pancasila (P4) Guidelines on April 12, 1976 President Soeharto put forward the idea of guidelines for preserving and practicing Pancasila, which is famous as Ekaprasatya Pancakarsa or Pancasila Preservation and Practicing Pancasila (P4).


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

To support the implementation of Pancasila and the 1945 Basic Law purely and consequently, since 1978 the government has organized a thorough regulation of P4 in all walks of life.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The regulation of P4 aims to form a common understanding of Pancasila democracy, so that with the same understanding of Pancasila and the 1945 Basic Law is expected that national unity and unity will be established and maintained.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Through such affirmation the opinion of the people will lead to strong support of the New Order government.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

So since 1985 the government made Pancasila as the sole principle in organizational life.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

All forms of organization should not use the principle other than Pancasila.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Rejecting Pancasila as a single principle is a betrayal of the life of the nation and state.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Thus Penataran P4 is a form of ideological indoctrination, and Pancasila becomes part of the personality system, cultural system, and social system of Indonesian society.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Pancasila represents the highest achievement of the New Order, and hence all other achievements are attributed to the name Pancasila.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Starting from Pancasila economic system, Pancasila press, Pancasila industrial relations, Pancasila democracy, and so on.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Pancasila is considered to have sanctimony that should not be disputed.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Structuring Foreign Politics During the New Order of Indonesia's free active foreign politics was restored again.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

MPR issued a number of decrees that became the cornerstone of Indonesian foreign politics.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The implementation of Indonesian foreign politics should be based on national interests, such as national development, prosperity of the people, truth, and justice.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Returned a member of the United Nations On 28 September 1966 Indonesia was again a member of the United Nations (UN).


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The decision to return to becoming a member of the United Nations was because the government was aware that many benefits were obtained by Indonesia during becoming a member in 1955-1964.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Indonesia's return to being a member of the United Nations was welcomed by other Asian countries even by the UN itself.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

This was demonstrated by the selection of Adam Malik as Speaker of the United Nations General Assembly for the term of the session in 1974.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

And Indonesia also restored relations with a number of countries such as India, Thailand, Australia, and other countries that had been stretched due to the political confrontation of the Old Order.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Normalization of Relations with Other Countries Restoration of Relations with Singapore With the Ambassador of Pakistan to Myanmar, Habibur Rachman, Indonesia's relations with Singapore were successfully restored.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

On 2 June 1966 the Indonesian government delivered a memorandum of recognition for the Republic of Singapore to Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Then the Singapore government delivered a memorandum of answer willingness to hold diplomatic relations with Indonesia.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Restoration of Relations with Malaysia Normalization of Indonesia's relations with Malaysia began with the holding of negotiations in Bangkok on 29 May - 1 June 1966 which resulted in the Bangkok Agreement.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The content of the agreement was: The people of Sabah were given the opportunity to reaffirm the decision they had taken regarding their standing within the Federation of Malaysia.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The governments of both sides agreed on the restoration of diplomatic relations.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Acts of hostility between the two sides will be stopped.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

And on 11 August 1966 the signatories to the restoration of Indonesia-Malaysia relations were signed in Jakarta by Adam Malik (Indonesia) and Tun Abdul Razak (Malaysia).


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Freezing Relations with the RRT On 1 October 1967 the Government of the Republic of Indonesia froze diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China (RRT).


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The decision was made because the RRT had interfered in Indonesian domestic affairs by providing assistance to the 30 September Movement for preparation, implementation, and after the uprising.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In addition, the Indonesian government was disappointed by the acts of terror committed by the Chinese people against buildings, treasures, and members of the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Peking.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The RRT government has also provided protection to figures of the 30 September Movement abroad, as well as overtly supporting the re-rise of the Indonesian Communist Party.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Through its mass media the RRT has conducted a campaign attacking the New Order.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

On 30 October 1967, the Indonesian Government officially closed its Embassy in Peking.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Structuring Economic Life Stabilization and Economic Rehabilitation To overcome the chaotic state of the economy as a relic of the Old Order government, the New Order government undertook measures: Renew economic, financial, and development policies.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

This policy is based on MPRS Decree No. XXIII/MPRS/1966.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

MPRS issued a line of development programs, namely rescue programs as well as stabilization and rehabilitation programs.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Government programs are directed at national economic rescue efforts, especially economic stabilization and rehabilitation.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

What is meant by economic stabilization means controlling inflation so that the prices of goods do not jump steadily.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Economic rehabilitation is the physical improvement of economic facilities and infrastructure.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The essence of this policy is the development of a planning economic system that ensures the development of economic democracy in the direction of the realization of a fair and prosperous society based on Pancasila.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The steps taken by Ampera Cabinet referring to the MPRS decree are: Breaking down economic congestion and improving sectors that cause congestion.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

As for what causes the economic bottleneck is: Low state acceptance.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

High and inefficient state expenditure.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Too much and inefficient bank credit expansion.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Too much in arrears on foreign debt.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The use of foreign exchange for imports is often less oriented to infrastructure needs.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Debureaucracy to smooth economic activities Oriented to the interests of small producers To carry out these rescue measures, the New Order government went a way: Conducting tax operations Implementing a new tax voting system, good for individual income nor wealth by calculating one's own taxes and calculating people's taxes.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Save government expenditures (consumable and routine expenditures), as well as abolishing subsidies for State enterprises.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Restrict bank credit and abolish imported credit.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

This stabilization program is carried out by stemming the rate of inflation.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The New Order government managed to stem the rate of inflation at the end of 1967—1968, but the price of basic necessities rose soared.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

After the formation of the Development Cabinet in July 1968, the government shifted its economic policy to strict control of the price of goods, especially food, and foreign exchange rates.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Since then the national economy has been relatively stable, because the increase in prices of basic materials and foreign exchange since 1969 can be controlled by the government.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The rehabilitation program is carried out by seeking to restore the ability to produce.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

During the last ten years of the reign of the Old Order, Indonesia suffered paralysis and damage to social and economic infrastructure.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Village crediting institutions, cooperative movements, and banking are abused and used as tools of power by certain groups and interest groups.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The impact is that state institutions cannot carry out their functions as a constituent of improvement of people's life system.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Foreign Cooperation Tokyo Meeting In addition to bequeathing a very severe economic state, the Old Order administration also bequeathed a huge foreign debt, which reached 2.2 - 2.7 billion, so the New Order government asked creditor countries to be able to delay repayment Indonesia's debt.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

On 19—20 September 1966 the Indonesian government entered into negotiations with creditor countries in Tokyo.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The Indonesian government will undertake that foreign exchange exports obtained by Indonesia will be used to pay debts that will subsequently be used to import raw materials.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

This received a kind response from creditor countries.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The negotiations continued in Paris, France and the following agreement was reached: Payment of principal debt was carried out for 30 years, from 1970 to 1999.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Payments are executed in installments, with annual installments of equal magnitude.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

During the time the installment is not subject to interest.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Payment of debts is implemented on the basis of nondiscriminatory principles, both against the creditor country and against the nature or purpose of the credit.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Amsterdam Meeting on February 23-24, 1967, negotiations were held in Amsterdam, Netherlands aimed at talking about Indonesia's need for foreign aid as well as the possibility of providing assistance with paid conditions, which is then known as IGGI (Intergovernmental Group for Indonesia).


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The Indonesian government took such steps to meet its needs for the implementation of economic stabilization and rehabilitation programs as well as preparation for development.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In addition to the efforts of foreign assistance, the government has also tried to hold a suspension and lighten the terms of rescheduling the debts of the Old Order relics.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Through the meeting the Indonesian government managed to strive foreign aid.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

National Development Trilogy Development After successfully restoring the political condition of the Indonesian nation, then the next step taken by the New Order government is to implement national development.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The national development pursued by the government of that time was realized through Short-Term Development and Long-Term Development.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Short Term Building is designed through Five Year Development (Pelita).


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Each Pelita has a development mission in order to achieve the level of welfare of the people of Indonesia.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

While Long-Term Development covers a period of 25-30 years.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

National development is a series of continuous development efforts covering all aspects of community life, nation, and State.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

National development is carried out in an effort to realize the national goals written in the opening of the 1945 Constitution, namely: Protecting all the nation and all spilled Indonesia Improving the general welfare of the nation Participates in implementing world order based on independence, eternal peace and social justice The implementation of National Development implemented by the New Order government is guided by the Development Trilogy and the Eight pathways of Equalization.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

At the heart of both guidelines is well-being for all walks of life in a stable political and economic atmosphere.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The content of the Development Trilogy is: Equalization of development and its results towards the creation of social justice for all people.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Pretty high economic growth.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Healthy and dynamic national stability.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

And the Eight Line of Equalization launched by the New Order government is: Equalization of the fulfillment of the basic needs of the people, especially food, clothing and housing.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Equalization of obtaining educational opportunities and health services Equalization of revenue sharing.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Equalization of job opportunities Equalization of opportunities seeks Equalization of opportunities to participate in development, especially for the younger generation and women.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The equalization of the spread of development throughout the territory of the Fatherland The equalization of the opportunity of obtaining justice.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Implementation of National Development As already mentioned in advance that National Development is realized through Short-Term Development and Long-Term Development.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

And Short-Term Development is designed through the Five Year Development program (Pelita).


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

During the New Order period, the government has implemented six Pelita namely: Pelita I Pelita I was implemented from April 1, 1969 to March 31, 1974, and became the initial basis for the construction of the New Order period.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Pelita I's goal is to improve the living standards of the people and at the same time lay the foundations for the next stage of development.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The goals are food, clothing, improvement of public housing infrastructure, employment expansion, and spiritual welfare.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The heavy point is the development of agriculture in accordance with the goal of pursuing economic backwardness through the process of renewal of agriculture, since the majority of the Indonesian population still lives from agricultural produce.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Pelita II Pelita II started running from April 1, 1974 to March 31, 1979.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The main goal of Pelita II is the availability of food, clothing, housing, infrastructure facilities, prospering the people, and expanding employment opportunities.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The implementation of Pelita II was seen as quite successful.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

At the beginning of the New Order government inflation reached 60% and by the end of Pelita I inflation was successfully suppressed to 47%.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

And in the fourth year of Pelita II inflation fell to 9.5%.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Pelita III Pelita III was held on April 1, 1979 to March 31, 1984.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The implementation of Pelita III is still guided by the Development Trilogy, with the heavy point of development is the equalization known as the Eight Paths of Equalization.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Pelita IV Pelita IV was held on April 1, 1984 to March 31, 1989.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The heavy point of Pelita IV is the agricultural sector to go towards food self-sufficiency, and increase industries that can produce their own industrial machinery.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

And in the midst of the development in Pelita IV, namely the beginning of 1980 there was a recession.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

To maintain the continuity of economic development, the government issues monetary and fiscal policies.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

And national development can take hold.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Pelita V Pelita V began April 1, 1989 to March 31, 1994.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In this Pelita development is emphasized in agriculture and industry sectors.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In those days Indonesia's economic condition was well positioned, with economic growth of around 6.8% per annum.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Foreign trade positions expose an encouraging picture.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The increase in exports is better than before.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Pelita VI Pelita VI began April 1, 1994 until March 31, 1999.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The development program in Pelita VI is emphasized on the economic sector related to industry and agriculture, as well as improving the quality of human resources as its support.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The economic sector is seen as a driver of development.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

But in this period there was a monetary crisis that hit Southeast Asian countries including Indonesia.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Due to the monetary crisis and domestic political events disrupting the economy has caused the development process to be hampered, and also led to the collapse of the New Order government.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Chinese citizens Citizens of Chinese descent are also prohibited from expression.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Since 1967, hereditary citizens are considered foreign nationals in Indonesia and their standing is subordinated to indigenous citizens, which indirectly also removes their human rights.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Openly performing arts, the celebration of Chinese holidays, and the use of Chinese are prohibited, although later this is fought by the Indonesian Chinese community especially from the traditional Chinese medicine community because the banning of them will have an impact on the prescription of the medicine they create one that can only be written in Chinese.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

They went to the Supreme Court and finally the Attorney General of Indonesia at that time gave permission with a note that Indonesian Chinese promised no power to rebel and overthrow the Indonesian government.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The only Mandarin-language newspaper allowed to be published is Harian Indonesia whose articles are written in Indonesian.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The daily is managed and supervised by the Indonesian military in this case it is ABRI although some Chinese Indonesians work also there.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Traditional Chinese religion is forbidden.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

As a result the Conghucu religion lost government recognition.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The New Order government quibbled that Chinese citizens whose population when it reached approximately 5 million of the entire Indonesian people feared that it would spread the influence of communism in the country.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

In fact, the fact says that most of them work as merchants, which is of course contrary to what communism teaches, which proscribes trade to be carried out.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The Chinese are kept out of practical political life.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Some chose to avoid the political world out of fear for her safety.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Post-New Order Rifts Conflict During the New Order the government was very prioritizing the unity of the Indonesian nation.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Every day mass media such as radio and television chant the slogan “unity and unity of the nation”.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

One way done by the government is to increase transmigration from densely populated areas such as Java, Bali and Madura to outside Java, especially to Kalimantan, Sulawesi, East Timor, and Irian Jaya.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

But the negative impact that is not taken into account of the program is the marginalization of the local population and jealousy towards the population of arrivals who get much government assistance.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Allegations arose that the transmigration program was equal to the jawanization that was anti-Javanese sentiment in various regions, although not all transmigrants were Javanese.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

At the beginning of the Reform Era these latent conflicts burst into the open among others in the form of the Ambon conflict and the Madura-Dayak conflict in Borneo. [17]


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Meanwhile, the turmoil in Papua provoked by a sense of being treated unfairly in profit-sharing of natural resources management, was also amplified by dislike for transmigrants.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The advantages of the New Order Government System The development of GDP per capita Indonesia which in 1968 was only US$70 and in 1996 had reached more than US$1,565 Successful transmigration Successful KB Successful fight against illiteracy Successful food self-sufficiency Minimum unemployment Success REPELITA (Development Plan Five Years) Successful Mandatory Learning Movement Success National Movement of Foster Parents Successful domestic security Foreign investors want to instill capital in Indonesia Successfully cultivate a sense of nationalism and love of domestic products Shortages New Order Government System The vibrant corruption, collusion, Indonesia's uneven development nepotism and the development gap between the center and the region, partly due to regional wealth largely sucked to the center The emergence of discontent in a number of regions due to the development gap, especially in Aceh and Papua Jealousy between locals and transmigrants who obtained considerable government benefits in their first years Increased social disparity (uneven income disparity for the rich and the poor) Human rights violations to non-indigenous people (especially Chinese society) Criticism was silenced and opposition forbidden Freedom of the press was very limited, coloured by many bredeled newspapers and magazines The use of violence to create security, among others with the program “Mysterious Shooting” No succession plan (decline of power to next government/president) Declining quality of Indonesian bureaucracy that contracted the disease Origin Mr. Glad, this is the most fatal mistake of the New Order because without an effective bureaucracy the country would have been destroyed.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The decline in the quality of the army because the elite level is too busy in politics so pay less attention to the welfare of the men.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The dominant economic player is that more than 70% of the country's wealth assets are held by private Asian financial crisis In mid-1997, Indonesia was struck by the Asian financial and economic crisis (for more clarity see: Asian financial crisis), accompanied by the worst drought in the past 50 years and prices oil, gas and other export commodities are increasingly falling.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The rupiah fell, inflation rose sharply, and capital displacement accelerated.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

The protesters, initially led by students, called for Soeharto's resignation.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Amid the widespread turmoil of mass anger, Soeharto resigned on May 21, 1998, three months after the Assembly inducted him for his seventh term of service.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Soeharto then chose the Vice President, B. J. Habibie, to be Indonesia's third president.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Post-New Order Soeharto's retreat from office in 1998 can be said to be a sign of the eventual New Order, to be later superseded “Reform Era”.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Still the presence of important figures during the New Order in the ranks of government during the Reformation often leads some to say that the New Order is still not over.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Hence the Reform Era or Reform Order is often referred to as the “Post-New Order Era”.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

Although overwhelmed by ethnic unrest and the detachment of East Timor, the transformation from the New Order to the Reform Era went relatively smoothly compared to other countries such as the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

This is not separated from the role of Habibie who managed to lay a new foundation that proved to be sturdier and stronger facing the changing times.


Question: When does the government of the new order begin?

New Order

See also Old Order Riots May 1998 Trisakti Tragedy Tragedy New Order New Order Figures Case of alleged corruption Soeharto Reference CS1 library list maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Category:History Indonesia


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

Heir to the throne of the Kingdom of Great Britain

The heir to the Throne of Great Britain is determined according to descent, gender (for those born before October 2011), legitimacy, and religion.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

Under the Common Law (Common Law), the Royal Throne is bequeathed to descendants of monarchical rulers (children of monarchical rulers) or to the closest family line of monarchical rulers (when monarchical rulers have no descendants).


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

The Human Rights Act 1689 and the Inheritance Act 1701 restricted inheritance of the throne to legitimate descendants of Sophia of Hanover who were Protestant and were in “full communion with the Church of England”. [1]


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

Couples who were Roman Catholic were disqualified from 1689 until the law was amended in 2015.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

Descendants of Protestants who were excommunicated for being Roman Catholics are still eligible. [2]


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

The Line of Succession to the Throne of Great Britain is the order of persons who have rights and qualify as heir to the throne of Great Britain.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

In this case, the government does not publish an official list of people on the list of the order, but based on genealogical data and simple research mentions that there are thousands of people who have the potential to be on the list. [3]


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

Queen Elizabeth II is the monarchy's current ruler the heir to the royal throne is her oldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

Then, the next order was Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, eldest son of Prince Charles.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

Third was Prince George, son of Prince William and followed by his younger sister, Princess Charlotte.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

Later, the fifth in order was Prince Henry of Wales, second son of Prince Charles.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

Then, the next order was Prince Andrew, Duke of York, the second oldest son of Queen Elizabeth II.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

Any of the first six people to marry without the consent of the monarchical ruler (in this case it is the Queen) will be disqualified from the line of succession.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

The first four persons of the line of succession who are over the age of 21, and spouses of the monarchical rulers will be appointed as State Counselors.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

The State Counsellor performs some duties of the monarchical ruler in Great Britain while he is abroad or temporarily incapable of carrying out his duties.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

The United Kingdom is one of 16 Commonwealth territories.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

Each of the countries has the same person as the ruler of the monarchy and the same order of succession to the royal throne.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

In 2011, the prime ministers of the Commonwealth territories agreed to adopt the results of the consent to change the rules on the line of succession to the Royal Throne so that the eldest child would add the one born after the date the consent was implemented, a requirement about should be male and the ban on marrying a Roman Catholic person will be lifted, but the monarchy rulers shall be required to be in full communion with the Church of England.Once such laws are enacted according to the constitutions of each country in the territory Commonwealth, the law officially took effect on 26 March 2015.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

The line of succession is currently The first Six persons in the line of success1.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

Prince Wales2.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

Duke of Cambridge3.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

Prince George of Cambridge4.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

Princess Charlotte of Cambridge4.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

Prince Louis of Cambridge6.Duke of Sussex This list is restricted to featuring only descendants of Queen Elizabeth II of the Exchequer, George VI of the Exchequer and descendants of George V of the United Kingdom.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

King George V (1865—1936) King Edward VIII (1894—1972) King George VI (1895—1952) Queen Elizabeth II (born 1926) (1) Charles, Prince of Wales (l. 1948) B D W (2) Prince William, Duke of Cambridge (l. 1982) B D W (3) Prince George of Cambridge (l. 2013) B D W (4) Princess Charlotte of Cambridge (l. 2015) B D W (5) Prince Louis of Cambridge (l. 2018) B D W (6) Prince Henry of Wales (Prince Harry) (l. 1984) B D W (7) Prince Andrew, Duke of York (l. 1960) B D W (8) Princess Beatrice of York (l. 1988) B D W (9) Princess Eugenie of York (l. 1990) 10) Edward, Prince Wessex (l. 1964) B D W (11) James, Viscount Severn (l. 2007) B D W (12) Lady Louise Windsor (l. 2003) B D W (13) Anne, Princess Royal (l. 1950) B D W (14) Peter Phillips (l. 1977) B D W (15) Savannah Phillips (l. 2010) B D W (16) Isla Phillips (l.) B D W (17) Zara Tindall (born with a clan Phillips; l. 1981) B D W (18) Mia Tindall (l. 2014) W (19) Lena Tindall (l. 2018) W Princess Margaret, Princess Snowdon (1930—2002) 1952 (20) David Armstrong-Jones, Prince Snowdon (l. 1961) D W (21) Charles Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley (l. 1999) D W (22) Lady Margarita Armstrong-Jones Jones (l. 2002) D W (23) Lady Sarah Chatto (born with the clan Armstrong-Jones; l. 1964) D W (24) Samuel Chatto (l. 1996) D W (25) Arthur Chatto (l. 1999) D W Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (1900—1974) 1952 (26) Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester (l. 1944) D W (27) Alexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster (1974).) D W (28) Xan Windsor, Lord Culloden (l. 2007) D W (29) Lady Cosima Windsor (l. 2010) D W (30) Lady Davina Lewis (born with the Windsor clan; l. 1977) D W (31) Senna Lewis (l. 2010) D W (32) Tāne Lewis (l. 2012) W (33) Lady Rose Gilman (born with marman Ga Windsor; l. 1980) D W (34) Lyla Gilman (l. 2010) D W (35) Rufus Gilman (l. 2012) W Prince George, Duke of Kent (1902—1942) (36) Prince Edward, Duke of Kent (l. 1935) D W (37) George Windsor, Earl St Andrews (l. 1962) MC/D W Edward Windsor, Prince Downpatrick (l. 1988) XC/D W Princess Marina Charlotte Windsor (l. 1992) W [n 1] (38) Lady Amelia Windsor (l. 1995) D W Prince Nicholas Windsor (l. 1970) XC/D W (39) Albert Windsor (l. 2007) D W [n 2] (40) Leopold Windsor (l. 2009) D W (41) Louis Windsor (l. 2014) D W (42) Princess Helen Taylor (born with the clan Windsor; l 1964)) Columbus Taylor (l. 1994) D W (44) Cassius Taylor (l. 1996) D W (45) Eloise Taylor (l. 2003) D W (46) Estella Taylor (l. 2004) D W (47) Prince Michael of Kent (l. 1942) MC/W (48) Prince Frederick Windsor (l. 1979) W (49) Maud Windsor (l. 2013) W (50) Isabella Windsor (l. 2016) Abriella Windsor (l. 1981) W (52) Princess Alexandra, Honorary Princess of Ogilvy (l. 1936) W (53) James Ogilvy (l. 1964) W (54) Alexander Ogilvy (l. 1996) W (55) Flora Ogilvy (l. 1994) W (56) Marina Ogilvy (l. 1966) W (57) Christian Mowatt (l. 1993) W (58) Zenouska Mowatt (l. 1990) and source: XC Exceptions as people Roman Catholics.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

These exceptions are not affected by the 2013 British Statutes of Succession to the Throne.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

His successor rights were revoked.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

MC These people have married Roman Catholics and have their rights revoked.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

But his rights will be given back under the British Statutes of Succession to the Throne 2013.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

B is listed and listed in the official website of the British Monarchy,, retrieved 13 May 2015.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

D listed on Debrett's website (dated 20 June 2015): W is listed in Whitaker's Almanack of 2015, London: Bloomsbury, ISBN978-1-4729-0929-9, p. 22 1952 List published by Queen Elizabeth II in 1952 [4] Notes of David Lewis's Outside Links Reference, “”.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

A list of 5753 descendants of Princess Sophia in order of succession, but disregarding Roman Catholic status.


Question: Who is Britain's first heir?

Category:United Kingdom


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

List of provincial capitals in Indonesia

Indonesia is a unitary state in the form of a republic [1] that has 34 provincial capitals.


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

Although the phrase capital city uses the word city, in fact, not all provincial capitals in Indonesia are cities.


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

This happens in the capital of the country, Jakarta, [2] which is the capital of Jakarta Special Region Province (DKI Jakarta) [3] and is also the province of Jakarta itself.


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

In addition, the capital of the province that is not a city is also found in several other provinces, namely West Sulawesi and West Papua which are the regencies, [4] [5] North Kalimantan which is a sub-district, [6] and North Maluku which is populated with sub-districts. [7]


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

During the history of the establishment of Indonesia, there have been several times the transfer of the capital of the country, as well as those in North Maluku marked by the transfer of the capital from Ternate to Sofifi in 2010. [8]


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

This transfer was done because according to the legal basis of North Maluku, Law No. 46 Year 1999, the capital city of North Maluku is Sofifi. [9]


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

However, due to the limitations of Sofifi infrastructure, Ternate was made a temporary capital city. [10]


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

West Kalimantan Province has also planned to transfer the capital from Pontianak by conducting a feasibility study. [11]


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

In addition, there was an attempt to transfer the capital of Maluku from Ambon to Makariki, [12] but it was not realized. [13]


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

Jakarta which also acts as the capital of Jakarta Province [3] and the country [2] is the largest provincial capital in Indonesia with a population of 10,177,924 inhabitants in 2015, [14] while the smallest capital city is Sofifi with a population of 1,783 inhabitants in 2013. [15]


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

If reviewed from the geographical side, the largest capital city in Indonesia is Mamuju with an area of 5,064.19 km², [16] while the smallest is also Sofifi with an area of 20.98 km². [15]


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

BNAMDNPADPBRJMBPLGBGLBDLPGPTPGJKBDGSMGYYKSBYSRGDPRMTRKPGPTKPLKBJMSMRTJSMNDPALMKSKDIGTOMAMAMBSFF [lower-alpha 2] JAPMNK List of capital cities List of provincial capitals in Indonesia contains capital city rank, province name, capital city name population data of the capital city (number of inhabitants, growth population, and population density), the area of the capital city, the Human Development Index (IPM) of the capital city, and the head of the capital city region.


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

In addition, this list features colors and symbols whose meanings can be seen in the caption table.


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

After that, there are things to pay attention to when viewing the list that the following will be mentioned.


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

The “Number” column displays the capital number from 1—34 based on the order of the provinces according to the Ministry of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. [19]


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

The “Name” column displays the name of the province according to the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Indonesia


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

The “Capital City” column displays the name of the capital city without prefixed the type of administrative division.


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

The column “Area Area (km²)” displays the area of the mainland region of the capital city.


Question: What is the name of Central Java's capital?

See also List of provinces in Indonesia List of districts in Indonesia List of cities in Indonesia List of provinces in Indonesia by IPM List of provinces in Indonesia by PDRB List of provinces in Indonesia by PDRB per capita Footnote Referral Category:Capital cities of provinces in Indonesia Indonesia Category:List of places in Indonesia Category:List of Capital cities


Question: What is the prolongation of GPS?

Global Positioning System

The Global Positioning System [1] (English: Global Positioning System (GPS)) is a system for determining the location on the Earth's surface with the help of alignment (synchronization) of satellite signals.


Question: What is the prolongation of GPS?

Global Positioning System

The system uses 24 satellites that transmit microwave signals to Earth.


Question: What is the prolongation of GPS?

Global Positioning System

This signal is received by a receiving device on the surface, and is used to determine location, speed, direction, and time.


Question: What is the prolongation of GPS?

Global Positioning System

Systems similar to GPS include Russian GLONASS, EU Galileo, IRNSS India.


Question: What is the prolongation of GPS?

Global Positioning System

The system was developed by the United States Department of Defense, with its full name being NAVSTAR GPS (a common mistake is that NAVSTAR is an abbreviation, this is incorrect, NAVSTAR is the name given by John Walsh, an important policy decider in the GPS program). [2]


Question: What is the prolongation of GPS?

Global Positioning System

This set of satellites is taken care of by the 50th Space Wing of the United States Air Force.


Question: What is the prolongation of GPS?

Global Positioning System

Maintenance costs of this system are approximately US$750 million per year, [3] including replacement of old satellites, as well as research and development.


Question: What is the prolongation of GPS?

Global Positioning System

GPS Tracker or often referred to as GPS Tracking is an AVL (Automated Vehicle Locater) technology that allows users to track the position of vehicles, fleets or cars in Real-time circumstances.


Question: What is the prolongation of GPS?

Global Positioning System

GPS Tracking utilizes a combination of GSM and GPS technologies to determine the coordinates of an object, and then translate them in the form of a digital map.


Question: What is the prolongation of GPS?

Global Positioning System

How jmpl|300px works The system uses a number of satellites located in Earth orbit, which emit their signal to the earth and are captured by a receiving device.


Question: What is the prolongation of GPS?

Global Positioning System

There are three important parts of this system, namely the control part, the space part, and the user part.


Question: What is the prolongation of GPS?

Global Positioning System

Control section As the name suggests, this section is to control.


Question: What is the prolongation of GPS?

Global Positioning System

Each satellite can be slightly outside orbit, so this section tracks the satellite's orbit, location, altitude, and speed.


Question: What is the prolongation of GPS?

Global Positioning System

The signals from the satellite are received by the control section, corrected, and transmitted back to the satellite.


Question: What is the prolongation of GPS?

Global Positioning System

Correction of exact location data from this satellite is called ephemeris data, which will later be sent to our navigation tools.


Question: What is the prolongation of GPS?

Global Positioning System

This section consists of a collection of satellites located in Earth orbit, about 12,000 miles above the Earth's surface.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

The set of these satellites is arranged so that the navigation tool at any time can receive at least a signal from the four satellites.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

These satellite signals can pass through clouds, glass, or plastic, but cannot pass through buildings or mountains.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Satellites have atomic clocks, and will also emit this' time/clock 'information.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

This data is emitted with 'pseudo-random' code.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Each satellite has its own code.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

This code number will usually be displayed in the navigation tool, then we can identify the satellite signal that the tool is receiving.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

This data is useful for navigation tools to measure the distance between navigation tools and satellites, which will be used to measure location coordinates.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Satellite signal strength will also help the tool in counting.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

The strength of this signal is more influenced by the location of the satellite, a device will receive a stronger signal from the satellite that is directly above it (imagine the location of the satellite like the position of the sun at 12 noon) than the satellite that is on the horizon line (imagine the location of the satellite like the position of the sunset/rising).


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

There are two types of waves currently used for satellite-based navigation tools in general, the first better known as L1 at 1575.42MHz.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

This L1 signal that will be received by the navigation tool.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

The satellite also issued L2 waves at a frequency of 1227.6 Mhz. These L2 waves are used for military purposes and not for the public.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

User section This section consists of the navigation tools used.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

The satellite will emit almanac and ephemeris data that will be received by navigation tools on a regular basis.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

The almanac data contains approximate location (approximate location) of satellites emitted continuously by satellites.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

The ephemeris data is emitted by satellite, and is valid for about 4—6 hours.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

To show the coordinates of a point (two-dimensional), the navigation tool requires at least a signal from 3 satellites.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

To show the height data of a point (three-dimensional), an additional signal from 1 more satellite is required.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

From the signals emitted by the satellite set, the navigation tool will perform calculations, and the final result is the coordinates of the position of the tool.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

The more number of satellite signals received by a device, will make the tool calculate its position coordinates more precisely.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Accuracy of GPS navigation tools Accuracy or accuracy needs attention to determining the coordinates of a point/location.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

These position coordinates will always have an 'error factor', better known as 'accuracy level'.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

For example, the tool shows a coordinate point with an accuracy of 3 meters, meaning the actual position can be anywhere within a radius of 3 meters from the coordinate point (location).


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

The smaller the accuracy number (meaning the higher accuracy), the position of the tool will become more precise.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

The price of the tool will also increase with the increase in the level of accuracy it can achieve.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

In everyday use, this level of accuracy is more often influenced by surroundings factors that reduce the strength of satellite signals.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Since satellite signals cannot penetrate solid objects well, then when using tools, it is very important to pay attention to the area of the sky that can be seen.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

When the tool is in a deep valley (e.g., accuracy of 15 meters), the accuracy rate will be much lower than in the meadow (e.g., accuracy of 3 meters).


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

On a meadow or mountaintop, the number of satellites a tool can reach will be much more than from a mountain valley.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

So, don't expect to use this navigation tool in a cave.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Since these navigation tools rely fully on satellites, satellite signals become very important.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

This satellite-based navigation tool cannot work at its maximum when there is interference in the satellite signal.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

There are many things that can reduce the strength of satellite signals: Geographical conditions, as described above.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

As long as we can still see the sky wide enough, this tool can still work.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Forest.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

The more dense the forest, the less the signal can be received.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Water.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Do not expect to be able to use this tool when diving.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Car window films, especially those containing metal.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Electronic tools that can give off electromagnetic waves.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

The buildings.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Not only when inside the building, being between 2 tall buildings will also cause effects like being in the valley.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

A bouncing signal, for example when located between tall buildings, can disrupt the calculations of navigation tools so that navigation tools can show incorrect or inaccurate positions.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

The number of satellites along with the signal strength that can be accessed by the navigation tool can be seen on the screen of the device.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Almost all satellite-based navigation tools can display data about the satellites connected to the tool, the location of the satellite, as well as the strength of its signal.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Antenna There are two types of antenna built-in navigation tools that are most commonly encountered, namely Patch type and Quad Helix.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Patch type, the shape is sprawl while the quad helix is shaped like a tube.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Surely both have their own advantages and disadvantages.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

In daily use, there are a lot of factors that affect its functioning.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Navigation tools that have patch antennas, will better signal reception when the tool is held flat parallel to the earth.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

While the tool has a Quad helix antenna, it will be better when held perpendicular, the top towards the sky.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

To make sure, check the antenna specifications of the navigation tool.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

In everyday use, an external antenna is often required, for example, discharging inside a four-wheeled vehicle.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

There are several types of external antennas to choose from.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Keep in mind that not all types of navigation tools have slots for external antennas.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Active external antenna Called active because it is equipped with Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), a signal amplifier, since the signal will decrease when passing through the cable.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

That is, this type requires a power source to perform its function, which is usually taken from navigation tools.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

So the battery of the navigation tool will run out faster.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

The advantage is that it can be used longer cable than passive type.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Passive external antenna Because it is not equipped by a signal amplifier, the battery does not run out quickly.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

But the wires used can not be along the active type.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Excernal re-radiating antenna This type consists of two parts, the first captures the satellite signal, the second emits a signal.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Since the signal is emitted, then this type does not require the connection of wires to navigation tools.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

The navigation tool will receive the signal as normal.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Of course, this type requires an additional power source, but not from the navigation tools used.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

For types of navigation tools that do not have slots for external antennas, this type is a good alternative to having to modify navigation tools.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

This type of antenna Combo Antenna is a merger between antennas for navigation tools and mobile phones.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

A power source is required for its use.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

The coordinates displayed by the navigation tool are the position coordinates of the external antenna.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

So the placement of external antennas also needs to be considered


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

DGPS DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System) is a system or way to improve GPS, by using ground stations, which emit location correction.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

With this system, when the navigation tool receives a correction and enters it into the calculation, the accuracy of the navigation tool will increase.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Therefore using a ground station, the signal cannot cover a large area.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Despite the differences in how it works, SBAS (Satelite Based Augmentation System) can generally be said to be DGPS using satellites.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Its area coverage is much wider than that of DGPS using ground stations.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

There are several known SBAs, namely WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System), EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service), and MSAS (Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System).


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

WAAS is administered by the United States, EGNOS by the European Union, and MSAS by Japan.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

These three systems are compatible with each other, meaning navigation tools that can use either system, will be able to use both other systems as well.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

At this time only WAAS is fully operational and can be enjoyed by users of navigation tools in the world.


Question: What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

Even so, a DGPS with a well-functioning ground station, can increase accuracy exceeding/equal to the increase that can be achieved by SBAS.