Question: When was the Panzer I first used?

History of tanks

Tanks with poor suspension will result in a large vibration that riders feel, this will result in difficult operation, reduced speed, and make shooting while walking impossible.


Question: When was the Panzer I first used?

History of tanks

New suspension systems such as Christie's suspension system or torsion bar suspension improved performance and speed drastically.


Question: When was the Panzer I first used?

History of tanks

At this time almost all tanks were equipped with radios to facilitate briefing and communication.


Question: When was the Panzer I first used?

History of tanks

Tank bodies have also been modified to be worn for other roles, such as mine destruction and combat engineer roles.


Question: When was the Panzer I first used?

History of tanks

All major countries participating in the war have developed self-motion cannons: artillery, crushing tanks, and assault cannons.


Question: When was the Panzer I first used?

History of tanks

German and Soviet assault cannons, cheaper and lighter than tanks, used the heaviest cannons.


Question: When was the Panzer I first used?

History of tanks

While tank destroyers belonging to the United States and Britain were already difficult to distinguish from ordinary tanks.


Question: When was the Panzer I first used?

History of tanks

The rotating cannon, previously unavailable on all tanks, is considered a very important thing.


Question: When was the Panzer I first used?

History of tanks

This cannon must be able to be used against other tanks, so it is tried to be as big and strong as possible, it means that the tanks have enough to have one cannon that must be very powerful.


Question: When was the Panzer I first used?

History of tanks

As a result, tank designs with many cannons, such as the Soviet T-35, were abandoned.


Question: When was the Panzer I first used?

History of tanks

Cold War onwards After World War II and into the Cold War, developed countries and superpowers took lessons from Germany in the use of tank force.


Question: When was the Panzer I first used?

History of tanks

Coupled with the threat of nuclear and chemical warfare that keeps tanks equipped with nuclear and chemical warfare gear.


Question: When was the Panzer I first used?

History of tanks

Advances in its cannon and ammunition technology made tanks even more feared, and individual countries were vying to perfect the technology.


Question: When was the Panzer I first used?

History of tanks

But precisely the biggest threat of tanks today is that infantry forces equipped with light weaponry that have a devastating destructive power, by developing anti-tank basoka which is also the result of the development of the German bazooka in World War II.


Question: When was the Panzer I first used?

History of tanks

Coupled with the development of air force capabilities with helicopter gunships that have anti-tank capability.


Question: When was the Panzer I first used?

History of tanks

See also Tank Cannon Reference — The history of tanks and people of the Panzertruppe.


Question: When was the Panzer I first used?

History of tanks

Peter Wollen: London Review of Books Vol. 22 No. 22, 16 November 2000.


Question: When was the Panzer I first used?

History of tanks

(A review of the book Tank: The Progress of a Monstrous War Machine by Patrick Wright, covering in detail some topics like the development of the first tank in Britain or the influence of the tank in culture) Category:Tank Category:Military Category:Good Article military stubs Category:History


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Windows 10 is a personal computer operating system developed by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Introduced on September 30, 2014, [4] was released on July 29, 2015 and in November 2015, Threshold 2 from Windows 10 (v10.0.10586) was released to the public.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

First introduced in April 2014 at the Build Conference, Windows 10 aims to address flaws in the user interface first introduced by Windows 8 by adding additional mechanics designed to improve the user experience for devices that do not there are touch screens (such as desk computers and laptops), including a revival of the Start menu seen in Windows 7, virtual desktop systems, and the ability to run Windows Store applications within windows on desktop rather than full-screen mode.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Development In April 2014, at the Build Conference, Terry Myerson of Microsoft unveiled an updated version of Windows that added the ability to run Windows Store applications inside a desktop window, and a more traditional Start menu.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

The new Start Menu formed after the design of Windows 7 by using only part of the screen and includes a list of Windows 7-style applications in the first column.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

The second column displays the Metro UI of Windows 8-style applications.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Myerson stated that these changes would occur in future updates, but did not elaborate further. [5] [6] Microsoft also unveiled the concept of “universal Windows applications”, allowing Windows Runtime applications to be ported to Windows Phone 8.1 and Xbox One while sharing a base same code, and allows user data and licenses for an application to be shared between multiple platforms. [5] [7] It was later reported that Microsoft was working on an update for Windows 8 codenamed Threshold, and it was speculated Threshold to be stamped as “Windows 9", “Windows X”, or “Windows One” (referring to several recent Microsoft products under the same brand, such as Xbox One and OneDrive) on public release. [8]


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Similarly to “Blue” (which produced Windows 8.1), [9] Threshold also became a collection of coordinated updates across several Microsoft products and services. [10] [11] In July 2014, Microsoft's new CEO Satya Nadella explained that the company planned to “streamline versions next of Windows from three operating systems into one single converged operating system for screens of all sizes”, uniting Windows, Windows Phone, and Windows Embedded around a common architecture and unified application ecosystem.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

However, Nadella stated that these internal changes would not have any effect on how operating systems are marketed and sold. [12] [13] Screenshots of the Windows build that were recognized to be Threshold were leaked in July 2014, revealing the Start menu presented earlier and windowed applications, along with a new virtual desktop system, a notification center, and, a new flat system icon inspired by the Metro design language (replacing the system icon first introduced in Windows Vista). [10] [14] In September 2014, Microsoft President Indonesian Andreas Diantoro stated that Threshold will be available for free to all Windows 8 users. [15]


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

The Threshold announcement was officially introduced during a media event on September 30, 2014 under the name Windows 10; Myerson touted that Windows 10 would be Microsoft's “most comprehensive platform ever”, providing a single, unified platform for desk computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and all-in-one devices. [8] [16] [17] He emphasized that Windows 10 will take steps towards the mechanical restoration of the user interface from Windows 7 in order to improve the experience for users on non-touch devices, noting criticism of the interface touch oriented Windows 8 with keyboards and mouse users, and vice versa. [4] [18] Despite these concessions, Myerson notes that touch-oriented interfaces will “evolve” also on Windows 10. [19]


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

In describing the changes, Myerson likened the two operating systems to electric cars, comparing Windows 7 to the first generation of the hybrid Toyota Prius, and Windows 10 to the all-electric Tesla—considering the second to be an extension of the technology first introduced on predecessor. [20]


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

In regards to naming the operating system, Myerson declined to elaborate on why Microsoft skipped directly to Windows 10 from 8 instead of numbering the number 9, stating only that “based on the products that come along, and how different our approach would be overall, that would be incorrect”.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

He also joked that they could not call it “Windows One” because they already made Windows 1. [8]


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

However, critics also stored—based on posts by Reddit users claiming to work for Microsoft—that the decision to skip 9 was to prevent problems with older applications that may have been coded to detect Windows 95 and 98 by checking the string “Windows 9" .


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

This theory is supported by the discovery of code on public repositories demonstrating this behavior. [21] [22] Windows 10 editions and prices will be available in four main editions for desk computers, laptops, and tablets; Windows 10 Home is intended for ordinary PC devices and provides consumer-level features; Windows 10 Pro adds additional features aimed at advanced users and small- and medium-scale business environments; Windows 10 Enterprise contains additional features aimed at medium- and large-scale business environments; while Windows 10 Education is a version similar to Enterprise to be distributed to schools, campuses and universities through Microsoft's academy licensing program. [23] [24] Three editions of Windows 10 will also be available for mobile and conjoined devices.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

The four main editions of Windows 10, namely: Windows 10 Home: designed for use in desk computers, laptops, and tablets.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

This edition included all consumer-level features and was equivalent to the basic versions of Windows 8, 8.1, Windows 7 Home Basic and Home Premium.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

In this version the user cannot turn off the Windows Update feature.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Windows 10 Pro: comparable to Windows 8 Pro, Windows 7 Professional and Ultimate, and Windows Vista Business and Ultimate.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

This edition is built from the Home edition and adds essential features for business, and has features equivalent to Windows 8.1 Pro.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Windows 10 Enterprise: delivers all the features of Windows 10 Pro, with additional features to help with IT-based organizations, and will provide functionality equivalent to Windows 8.1 Enterprise and only available through volume licenses.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Windows 10 Education: delivers all the features of Windows 10 Enterprise, designed for use in schools, campuses and universities.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

This edition will be available through the Microsoft Academy Volume License, in a similar manner to Windows 8.1 Enterprise.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Windows 10 Enterprise LTSB: This version is output by Microsoft with the aim of giving enterprises the option to have full control of Windows updates so that users can reject updates offered by Microsoft.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Windows 10 edition for mobile and conjoined devices, namely: Windows 10 Mobile: designed for smartphones and small tablets.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

This edition included all basic consumer features, including Continuum capabilities.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

It represents the de facto successor of Windows Phone 8.1 and Windows RT.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Windows 10 Mobile Enterprise: delivers all the features of Windows 10 Mobile, with additional features to help with IT-based organizations, in a similar way to Windows 8.1 Enterprise, but optimized for mobile devices.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Windows 10 IoT Core: will be specifically designed for use in small footprints, low-cost devices and Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios and will be similar to Windows Embedded. [23] [24] Enterprise and Mobile Enterprise versions will also be released for conjoined systems.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Technical Preview On October 1, 2014, Microsoft introduced a new Windows Insider program in which participants receive pre-release build updates of Windows 10 in a “quick release” way, allowing the company to collect additional feedback during the development process.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

This technical preview build is primarily aimed at testing by companies and enthusiastic users, and collects feedback from users.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Previously, this dogfooding process occurred privately between public beta releases. [25] [26] [27] More details surrounding Windows 10, including consumer-oriented features, will be unveiled at future events such as Build 2015 in the spring. [4] [19] The Windows 10 release is expected to be released in 2015.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Microsoft has not released details about how Windows 10 will be distributed, or whether Windows 10 will be treated as a free update like Windows 8.1, or a paid upgrade.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Releasing Windows 10 as a free update will put Microsoft more closely in line with the practice of updates from mobile phone operating systems, along with OS X, which, beginning in version 10.9, also began distributing future operating system updates for free.


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Since Windows 8 was released, Microsoft began to re-align its consumer business model for Windows around building a user base for online services and app exchanges instead of selling operating system licenses: earlier in the year, Microsoft began offering free OEM licenses for Windows 8 on devices with screens under 9 inches in size. [28] [29] Before the opening, Microsoft Indonesia President Andreas Diantoro claimed that the operating system would be free update to existing Windows 8 users. [15]


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Features User Interface and desktop Windows 10 user interface is designed primarily to optimize the experience based on device type and available inputs, providing “the right experience on the right device at the right time.”


Question: when was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

For non-touch devices, variations of the Start menu were previously used as part of the desktop view, displaying both the traditional list of applications and the search box on the left side, along with the Windows 8 live tile on the right.


Question: When was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Also, some icons such as file explorer icons have been given new flat icons, to match with Metro UI.


Question: When was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Microsoft will probably change all the icons that match each other.


Question: When was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

A new virtual desktop system known as “Task View” was also added; similar to OS X's Exposé function, clicking the Task View button on the taskbar or spit from the left of the screen displays all currently open windows on the desktop, allowing the user to switch between them, snap them to the side of the screen, or switch between multiple workspaces.


Question: When was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Windows Store applications, which previously could only be used in full-screen environments, can now be used in windows on desktops. [4] [30] The Start Screen is still used in touch environments, but now contains a column on the left side of the screen to display shortcuts and the button “All applications”, similar to the Start menu. [4] [30] Another feature planned to build on the future of Windows 10 is the Continuum, which handles the transition between touch-based and non-touch interfaces on devices such as the conversion of laptops and tablets with Dock keyboards: when the keyboard is connected, users are asked if they want to switch between touch-optimized and optimized user interfaces for mouse and keyboard. [18]


Question: When was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

Windows 10 system components will wear the latest version of DirectX, namely DirectX 12; [31] introduced earlier in the year at the GDC event, aims to provide “console-level efficiency” with “near-metal” access to hardware resources, and reduce CPU and graphics drive overhead. [ 32] [33] Console windows such as Command Prompt now provide a new set of “experimental options” that modernize its functionality; among which include text cutting in the console output, the ability to natively select text strings using mice as in other programs ( unlike the “Mark” tool previously required to do so, which does not properly account for line breaks and spaces in the output), and the ability to use the Control key traditional keyboard shortcuts in the console, such as pasting text using Ctrl+V. [4] [19] [34] Windows 10 will be serviced in a different way to previous releases of Windows. [35]


Question: When was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

While Microsoft began distributing a large number of updates to Windows 8 that added features (such as interface improvements) going beyond security patches and bug fixes, Windows 10 will adopt a tiered fast-release approach.


Question: When was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

By default, Windows 10 will receive critical updates and security patches just as they are released, but system administrators and users will have the ability to delay non-critical use of automatic updates or disable them completely.


Question: When was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

The system will allow the main computer to receive frequent operating system improvements, while the enterprise environment will be able to exit them to ensure a stable and controlled environment. [36] [37] Stella Chernyak notes in this case that change “we have a business [that] probably have mission-critical environments whereby we respect the fact they want to test and stabilize the environment for a long time. “[29]


Question: When was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

The previous version of the first public Technical Preview Build was numbered 6.4.9841 and released on October 1, 2014 [38] [39] as was the notification center and the ability to select the speed of development of the new preview.


Question: When was Windows 10 released?

Windows 10

See also List of operating systems Comparison of operating systems History of computer system development Reference Category:Software of the Year 2015 Category:Windows


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

A deep combustion engine is an engine whose power source comes from the development of high-pressure hot gases as a result of combustion of a mixture of fuel and air, which takes place inside an enclosed chamber in the engine, called the combustion chamber (combustion chamber).


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

“Deep combustion engines” themselves usually refer to engines whose combustion is carried out in a criss-cross manner.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

Included in deep combustion engines are four-stroke engines and two-stroke engines, and several other engine types, for example six-stroke engines and also wankel engines.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

In addition, jet engines and some rocket engines are included in deep combustion engines.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

The inner combustion engine is somewhat different from the outer combustion engine (for example the steam engine and the Stirling engine), because in the outer combustion engine, the energy is not channeled to the working fluid that does not mix with the combustion result.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

This working fluid can be air, hot water, pressurized water, or sodium liquid heated in a kind of boiler.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

A piston engine works by burning hydrocarbon or hydrogen fuel to pressurize a piston, whereas a jet engine works with the heat of combustion driving the inside of the nozzle and combustion chamber, thus pushing the engine forward.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

By contrast, an outer combustion engine like a steam engine, works when the combustion process heats a separate working fluid, such as water or steam, which then performs the work.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

Jet engines, most rockets and many gas turbines belong to deep combustion engines, but the term “deep combustion engine” often goes to “piston engine”, which is the most common type of deep combustion engine.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

Deep combustion engines were invented in China, with the invention of fireworks in the Song Dynasty.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

The reciprocate inner combustion engine (piston engine) was invented by Samuel Morey who received a patent on 1 April.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

The types of combustion engines in an Engine can be classified in many types: the engine cycle used, the layout used, the energy source, the use of the engine, or the cooling system.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

Engine configuration Deep combustion engines can be grouped by their configuration.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

Common engine layouts are: Piston engine: Two-stroke engine Four-stroke engine Six-stroke engine Atkinson Cycle diesel engine Rotary engine: Continuous combustion Wankel engine: Gas turbine Jet engine (including turbojet, turbofan, ramjet, Rocket, etc.)


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

How it works As the name suggests, the combustion engine in 4 no has 4 basic stages that are continuously repeated every 2 engine revolutions: (1) Input cycle (2) Compression cycle (3) Burn cycle (4) Sillus discharge 1.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

Input cycle: The first cycle of the deep combustion engine is called the input cycle because at this moment, the position of the piston moves down the cylinder.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

Opening the valve causes a change in the position of the piston, and the already evaporated fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

At the end of this cycle, the input valve is closed.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

Compression cycle: In this cycle, both the valve is closed and the gun again moves upwards to the minimum volume, thus pressing the fuel mixture.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

During the pressing process, the pressure, temperature, and density of the fuel mixture increase.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

Combustion cycle: When the gun reaches the minimum volume, then the spark plug will fire and then the fuel mixture burns.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

The burning of this fuel provides power to the piston so that the piston again moves down and drives the crankshaft.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

Discharge cycle: At the end of the combustion cycle, then the exhaust valve opens.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

During this cycle, the gun again moves upwards towards the minimum cylinder volume.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

When the exhaust valve opens, then the residual combustion gases come out of the cylinder.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

At the end of this cycle, the exhaust valve closes, the input valve re-opens, and this cycle starts all over again.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

Combustion All internal combustion engines depend on combustion from chemical fuels, which are usually burned with a mixture of oxygen from the air (it is also possible to inject nitrogen oxides, which is useful to obtain additional power).


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

This combustion process produces large amounts of heat, coupled with other chemicals for example carbon dioxide.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

The most commonly used fuels today are composed of hydrocarbons derived from fossil fuels.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

Fossil fuels include diesel fuel, gasoline, LPG, and also propane.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

Engines whose fuel uses gasoline, they can also use natural gas or LPG fuel without the need for much change.


Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

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Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

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Question: What is the difference in inner combustion engine and outer combustion engine

Deep combustion motor

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Question: Who is Spence?

Jordan Spence

Jordan Spence () [3] was an English football player who played for Milton Keynes Dons club used to play at the defender position.


Question: Who is Spence?

Jordan Spence

Spence began his junior career at the club West Ham United then began his senior career at the club. [4]


Question: Who is Spence?

Jordan Spence

Spence was briefly loaned to Leyton Orient, Scunthorpe United [5] and Bristol City. [6]


Question: Who is Spence?

Jordan Spence

Outside Link Reference at Soccerbase {{subst: #if:Spence, Jordan|}} [[Category: {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1990}} || UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of birth missing {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:}} ||LIVING =( living people)}} | #default =1990 births} [Category] [Category]] [Category]: {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:}} || LIVING = Living people | UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of death missing | #default =deaths}}]] Template:Players-SB-Stub Category:English Football Players Category:Players West Ham United F.C.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Main Page One Piece (Japanese:ンース, Hepburn:Wan Pīsu) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Eiichiro Oda.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The manga has been published in Shueisha's Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine since July 22, 1997, and has been bundled into 91 tankōbon volumes.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The story chronicles the adventures of Monkey D. Luffy, a boy who possesses the ability of a rubber-like elastic body after accidentally eating the Devil Fruit.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

With his pirate crew, named as the Straw Hat Pirates, Luffy explores the Grand Line in search of the world's largest treasure known as “One Piece” in order to become the next Pirate King.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The manga has been adapted into an original video animation (OVA) produced by Production I.G in 1998, and an anime series produced by Toei Animation, which began airing in Japan in 1999.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

In addition, Toei has also produced thirteen animated films, one OVA and eleven television special episodes.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Several companies have developed different types of trinkets such as trading card games and some video games.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Its mangan version has been licensed for release in English in North America and the United Kingdom by Viz Media and in Australia by Madman Entertainment.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Its anime version had been licensed by 4Kids Entertainment for the release of the English version in North America in 2004, before the license was revoked and subsequently acquired by Funimation in 2007.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

One Piece has received acclaim for its storyline, drawings, characterizations, and humor.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Several volumes from this manga have broken publishing records, including the highest initial print run of any book in Japan.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The official website for Eiichiro Oda's One Piece manga announced that the manga has achieved a Guinness World Record for the category “the most copies published for the same comic book series by a single author”.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Through May 2018, the manga has sold to over 440 million copies worldwide, making it the best-selling manga series in history.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

One Piece also became the best-selling manga for ten consecutive years in 2017.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The popularity of the One Piece Manga began to be serialized in Shonen Jump magazine issue #34 on August 4, 1997.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Her animen began production by Toei Animation on Fuji Television on October 20, 1999.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

At the beginning, Eiichiro Oda planned that One Piece would run about 5 years, and he had set his ending.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

But he too “enjoyed” the storyline and now he doesn't know when One Piece will end.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

One Piece is the best-selling manga throughout Shonen Jump's history.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

This manga is also what caused Shonen Jump's total sales to rise on this past 11 years.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Volume 25 holds the record for manga sales in Japan, with 2,630,000 units sold at first print.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

And volume 46 reached over 140,000,000 units sold and was the fastest manga to reach total sales of 100,000,000.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

To date One Piece is breaking the record as the best-selling manga in history.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

One Piece's success even exceeds the combined no 2 Naruto, no 3 Kimi ni Todoke, no 4 Fairy Tail, no 5 Bleach, no 6 Bakuman, no 7 Gintama, and no 8 Fullmetal Alchemist with total One Piece sales of over 300 million copies.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

One Piece also broke the fastest selling world record with volume 63 sold 2,119,400 in 4 days (although the previous record also held One Piece volumes 60 and 61).


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

In addition One Piece also broke the Japanese record as the most first Prints.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

One Piece volume 63 holds the Japanese record with 3.9 million copies in the first print (although the previous record held One Piece 60, 61, and 62) the record before One Piece is Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix with 2.9 million copies.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Protagonists The following list of figures is focused solely on the Straw Hat Pirate Group.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The roles of being the “bad guys” in the series are diverse, ranging from other Pirates to members of the government (World Government).


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

But the one who acts as an enemy in outline is the navy.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Monkey D. Luffy Alias: Straw Hat, Rubber Man.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Job title: Capt.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Ransom/Bounty: ฿1,500,000,000 Luffy has the ideal of becoming a Pirate King after meeting Shanks the Redhead who layovers on the island of his birth, Fusha.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The straw hat that became his trademark was a gift from Shanks and he promised to give the hat back to him when they reunited.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Luffy is a demon fruit eater Gomu Gomu no Mi so he became a rubber man. This ability makes him have the same attributes as rubber, such as stretchy, electric silencer, etc.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The characteristic feature of his fighting is to attack by elongating parts of his body.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

All his savior names are always prefixed with the word “Gomu-gomu” and then followed by the name of the weapon or artillery (e.g.: 'Gomu Gomu no Pistol', 'Gomu Gomu no Bazooka', 'Gomu Gomu no Gatling', etc).


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Gear Second: The technique accelerates blood flow but his organs are not destroyed due to the rubber attributes on his body.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The effect of this Gear Second is that speed or agility increases.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The word “jet” is also appended in the name of his savior (example: Gomu Gomu no Jet pistol).


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

If coupled with Haki, his fist will cause an explosive effect.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Gear Third: The technique of bone-killing by blowing it like a balloon.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The effect of Gear Third is that its attack power increases, but attack speed decreases.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The word “Gigant” is also appended in the name of his savior (example: Gomu Gomu no Gigant Pistol).


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

If added haki his hand becomes black and gets louder.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Gear Four: The technique of enlarging a body the size of a gorilla, by incorporating boushuku haki.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

This power is similar to the body of a gorilla with extremely powerful crushed power.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

And coupled with the strength of the piercing that can be mental in the air. (this power appeared in the dressrosa while fighting the sichibukai Donquixote Doflamingo).


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Hybrid: Combined of Gear Second and Gear Third.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The word “Shell” is appended in the name of his savior.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Roronoa Zoro Alias: Pirate Hunter, Three Swords.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Position: Vice Captain, Swordsman.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Ransom/Bounty: ฿320,000,000 Is the first crew to join the Straw Hat Group and serve as vice-captain.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

His fighting technique uses 3 swords which are rare swords in the world of One Piece.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Zoro has ideals to become the strongest swordsman in the world, inheriting the ideals of his childhood best friend, Kuina, who died in an accident.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Nami Alias: Cat Thief.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Job title: Navigator.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Ransom/Bounty: ฿66,000,000 Navigator of the Straw Hat Group who can feel the changing weather with his body.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Another ability besides navigation is stealing and making maps.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The ideal of Nami is to create a map of the whole world.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The weapon used was a stick with various modifications from Usopp.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Usopp Alias: Long Nose, God Usopp, Soge King.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Job title: Sniper.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Ransom/Bounty: ฿200,000,000 Snipers in the Straw Hat Pirate Group.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Aspiring to be a brave sniper across the ocean and want to go to Elbaf Island.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

His father, Yasopp, was a sniper in the Shanks Pirate Group.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Very fond of lying, and telling stories aloft.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Fight with slingshot shot with unique bullets and traps.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

After 2 years of exercise is able to control Pop Green, a plant that can grow aggressively and quickly.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

In the Arc Dressrosa Usopp gets the power of sight haki, which she can see Sugar (a member of the Donquixote Doflamingo pirate family) wanting to touch Luffy and Law with the aim of transforming them into toys, and she can see the presence of sugar and shoot a trap containing image himself with his eyes and tongue protruding out.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

According to himself, he was among the 3 weakest people in the group, in addition to Nami and Chopper.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Although one of the weakest 3, he was the one who dared to fight against the captain Monkey D. Luffy and burn the flag of the World Government.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Vinsmoke Sanji Alias: Black Legs, Circular Eyebrows.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Job title: Chef.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Ransom/Bounty: ฿330,000,000 Chef in the members of the Straw Hat Pirates and is a rival of Roronoa Zoro.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Sanji was a nobleman from the powerful land of Germa 66 he fled his kingdom becoming a chef on a ship.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

He's a chef who aspires to discover the legendary ocean where all sources of foodstuffs come from, namely All Blue.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

He was also a disciple of Zeff the Red Kaki, a powerful chef from Baratie Restaurant who used to be a pirate.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Sanji is very flirtatious towards women.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Sanji has a principle that will not hurt women even if they have to die.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Sanji uses both his legs to fight and never uses his hands because according to him, hands are a treasure trove for a chef.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Sanji fights with a very powerful kick technique.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

He can also wear a “Diable Jump/Diable Jumble” tenknik that makes his feet give off fire.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

This technique can strengthen his kicks and exert a burning effect on his enemy.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Includes 3 strongest members of the Straw Hat Group.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

In addition, his latest flagship is Hell Memories which always reminds him while on the island of Okama where Emporio Ivankov (a member of the Revolutionary Forces) and this move is more powerful than Diable Jambe and Sky Walk that can walk above the sky.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Tony Tony Chopper Alias: Cotton Candy Lovers.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Job title: Doctor.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Ransom/Bounty: ฿100 This reindeer tangible doctor has seven forms of change.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Chopper carried out the wishes of the world's greatest doctor Hiluluk, who aspires to cure all the diseases that exist in the world.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

He is Hito Hito's demon fruit eater so as to speak like a human being.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The power of Hito-Hito's fruit also makes it able to transform into various forms including becoming a monster.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

After 2 years, he can wear his monster form without losing consciousness.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Nico Robin Alias: Son of the Devil.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Job title: Archaeologist.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Ransom/Bounty: ฿130,000,000 The world's only archaeologist left from Ohara Island who examines the origin of the initials' D 'through Poneglyph who reveals the true occurrence of 100 years of lost history.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

It is the most sought by the world government because it is considered a demon that can destabilize world peace.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

This is evidenced by the game value at the time when the age of 8 years is very high.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Devil fruit eater Hana Hana can thus double her limbs anywhere (but more often double her hands).


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Fighting with his body, can be used for various variations of moves (such as growing a hand on the opponent's body and hitting it).


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

When using his powers he crosses his arms.


Question: When was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Franky/Cutty Flam Alias: Cyborg.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Job title: Carpenter.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Ransom/Bounty: ฿94,000,000 Cyborg as well as a ship carpenter who aspires to build a dream ship, a ship capable of wading across the ocean like the ship of Pirate King Gol D. Roger, Oro Jackson, made by Tom.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

As Tom is captured by the Navy, Frangky intends to stop the oversea train transporting Tom to Ennies Lobby.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

As a result, he was hit by the train and narrowly died.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

To survive, he changes his body structure with various technologies to become a Cyborg.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Franky's fighting techniques are quite varied.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

He uses weapons hidden all over his body, and uses Cola as fuel. 2 years later, after regrouping, Frangky reassembles his body with advanced technology from the Navy, which is the result of research from Vegapunk, a scientist from the Force The sea.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

In addition he has now developed a combat robot that he named “General Iron Pirates”. and these robots can transform into combat motorcycles and steel tanks.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Brook Alias: The Humming Swordsman.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Job title: Musician.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Ransom/Bounty: ฿83,000,000 Afro haired skull man and also a musician who was recruited after the events of Thriller Bark.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

He was a pirate who promised a whale named Laboon and aspired to continue the journey to Raftel, the island of the end of the world and promised to come back to Laboon.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Fight using his sword and violin.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The power of his music can hypnotize people listening to his songs and can also lull people.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The demon fruit eater Yomi Yomi which means to come back to life.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

In fact he died a long time ago, but because of the power of this demon fruit his spirit returned and found the remains that had lived bones.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

After 2 years of practice being able to connect his broken body, his sword can freeze and can remove the spirit from the body of his skull.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The Manga One Piece Manga Media Location was created by Eiichiro Oda.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

One Piece manga began to be published by Weekly Shonen Jump magazine since August 4, 1997.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Until November 20, 2013 One Piece already has 799 chapters and 75 volumes.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

One Piece manga is the best-selling manga in Japanese history.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The One Piece manga has sold more than 300 million copies.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The One Piece manga also received many acclaim and accolades.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Anime Popularity One Piece in Weekly Shonen Jump, made Toei Animation decided to create an anime series.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The animen rating is very high and until now has been released 789 episodes on May 21, 2017, 13 films, and 3 OVAs.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The beginning of the One Piece anime era is actually a One Piece OVA, which is One Piece: Defeat the Pirate Ganzackt! , published in 1997 then followed weekly impressions per episode.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Starting episode 207 forward, One Piece was broadcast in a high-definition video feature with 1080i resolution.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

One Piece broadcast an average of 4 episodes per month.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

Movies Since 2000, every spring Toei Animation releases a one-piece animated film.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The released films had a better graphic level than weekly impressions.


Question: when was Eiichiro Oda born?

One Piece

The following is a list of films that have been released: Reference Advanced reading Outlinks (in Japanese) in Weekly Shōnen Jump (in Japanese) at Toei Animation (in Japanese) on Viz Media at Madman Entertainment in Funimation (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia Category:Manga of the year 1997 Category:Anime films of the year 1998 Category:Anime series of 1999 Category:Anime films of the year 2008 Category:Anime and adventure manga Category:Anime series that are based on manga Category:Asia Television Limited Category:Cyborg Comics Category:Anime and Manga Fantasy Category:Fuji Television Television Category:Funimation Category:Japanese Action Television Series Category:Japanese Fantasy Television Series Category:Manga that were adapted into films Category:Odex Category:Piracy in Fiction Category:Manga Shōnen Category:Manga Shueisha Category:Fiction about size change Category:Original video animation Toei Animation Category:Television Toei Animation Category:Toonami Category:Manga Viz Media Category:Warfare in Fiction Category:Pirates in anime and manga


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In biology, cells are the simplest collection of living matter and are the constituent units of all living things. [1] [2] Cells are capable of all life activities and most chemical reactions to sustain life take place within cells. [3] [4] Most living things are composed of single cells, [5] or so-called unicellular organisms, for example bacteria and amoeba.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Other living things, including plants, animals, and humans, constitute multicellular organisms consisting of many specialized cell types with their respective functions. [1]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The human body, for example, is composed of more than 1013 cells. [5] However, the entire body of all organisms comes from the result of the division of one cell. For example, a bacterial body comes from the division of its parent bacterial cell, while the body of a mouse comes from the division of its fertilized parent egg.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cells in multicellular organisms will not last long if each stands alone. [1]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The same cells are grouped into tissues, which build organs and then organ systems that make up the body of that organism.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

For example, heart muscle cells form cardiac muscle tissue in the heart organs that are part of the circulatory organ system in the human body.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Meanwhile, cells themselves are composed of components called organelles. [6]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The smallest cell known to man is Mycoplasma bacteria with a diameter of 0.0001 to 0.001 mm, [7] while one of the single cells that can be seen with the naked eye is an unfertilized chicken egg.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

However, most cells are between 1 to 100 µm (0.001—0.1mm) in diameter so they can only be seen with a microscope. [8]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The discovery and early study of the cell gained progress in line with the invention and refinement of the microscope in the 17th century.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Robert Hooke first described and named cells in 1665 when he observed a slice of cork (bark of an oak tree) with a microscope that had a magnification of 30 times. [4]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

However, the theory of the cell as a new unit of life was formulated nearly two centuries after that by Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Next, cells are reviewed in a branch of biology called cell biology. History Early discoveries Compound microscopes with two lenses have been invented in the late 16th century and were further developed in the Netherlands, Italy, and England.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Until the mid-17th century microscopes already had imagery magnification capabilities up to 30 times.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

British scientist Robert Hooke later designed a compound microscope that had its own light source making it easier to use. [10]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

He observed thin slices of cork through a microscope and lays out the microscopic structure of the cork as “porous like a honeycomb but the pores are irregular” in his paper published in 1665. [11]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Hooke called the pores cells because they are similar to cells (small chambers) inside a monastery or prison. [10] [12] What Hooke actually saw was a blank cell wall enclosing dead cells on corks coming from oak bark. [13]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

He also observed that in the green plant there are cells filled with liquid. [9]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

At the same time in the Netherlands, Antony van Leeuwenhoek, a cloth merchant, created his own one-lensed microscope and used it to observe things. [10]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

He managed to see red blood cells, spermatozoids, single-celled khamirs, protozoa, and even bacteria. [13] [14] In 1673 he began sending letters detailing his activities to the Royal Society, the English scientific society, and then published it.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

On one of his letters, Leeuwenhoek described something twitching inside the saliva he observed under a microscope.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

He called it diertjen or dierken (Dutch: 'little animal', translated as animalcule in English by the Royal Society), which is believed to be a bacterium by modern scientists. [10] [15] In 1675—1679, the Italian scientist Marcello Malpighi lays out the constituent units of plants that he call the utricle ('little pocket').


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

According to his observations, each such cavity is fluid-filled and surrounded by a staunch wall.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Nehemiah Grew of England also lays out plant cells in his writings published in 1682, and he managed to observe many small green structures within the cells of plant leaves, namely chloroplasts. [10] [16] The theory of cells Some scientists in the 18th and early 19th centuries have speculated or observed that plants and animals were composed of cells, [17] but that was still debated at the time. [16]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In 1838, German botanist Matthias Jakob Schleiden stated that all plants are composed of cells and that all aspects of plant body function are essentially manifestations of cell activity. [18] He also stated the importance of the nucleus (which Robert Brown discovered in 1831) in function and formation of cells, but he mistakenly thought that cells were formed from nuclei. [16] [19] In 1839, Theodor Schwann, who after a discussion with Schleiden realized that he had once observed the nucleus of animal cells as Schleiden observed it in plants, stated that all animal body parts are also composed of cells. According to him, the universal principle of the formation of various parts of the body of all organisms is the formation of cells. [18] Another scientist who later detailed the theory of cells as known in modern form was Rudolf Virchow.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

At first he concurred with Schleiden on cell formation. However, microscopic observations of various pathological processes led him to conclude the same thing that Robert Remak had deduced from his observations of red blood cells and embryos, namely that cells originated from other cells through cell division. In 1855, Virchow published his paper containing his famous motto, omnis cellula e cellula (all cells are derived from cells). [20] [21] The development of cell biology Between 1875 and 1895, there were various discoveries concerning basic cellular phenomena, such as mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization, as well as various important organelles, such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, and Golgi bodies. [22]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

There was born a field that studied cells, which was then called cytology.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The development of new techniques, especially cell fractionation and electron microscopy, allowed cytology and biochemistry to give birth to a new field called cell biology. [23] In 1960, the scientific association of the American Society for Cell Biology was founded in New York, USA, and not long after, scientific journal Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Cytology was renamed Journal of Cell Biology. [24]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

By the end of the 1960s, cell biology had become an established discipline, with its own scientific associations and publications as well as having the mission of revealing the mechanisms of cell organelle function. [25] The structure of all cells is limited by a membrane called the plasma membrane, while the area in in cells is called cytoplasm. [26]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Each cell, at some stage in its life, contains DNA as heritable material and directs the activity of that cell. [27]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In addition, all cells have structures called ribosomes that function in the manufacture of proteins to be used as catalysts in various chemical reactions within those cells. [5]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Each organism is composed of one of two types of cells that are structurally distinct: prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic cells.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These two cell types are distinguished based on the position of DNA within the cell; most DNA in eukaryotes is shrouded membrane of organelles called nuclei or cell nuclei, whereas prokaryotes do not have nuclei.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Only bacteria and archaea have prokaryotic cells, while protista, plants, fungi, and animals have eukaryotic cells. [7]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Prokaryote cells In prokaryote cells (from Greek, pro, 'before' and karyons, 'seeds'), there is no membrane separating DNA from the rest of the cell, and the region where DNA is concentrated in the cytoplasm is called the nucleoid. [7]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Most prokaryotes are unicellular organisms with small cells (0.7—2.0µm in diameter and about 1µm3 in volume) and are generally composed of cell sheaths, cell membranes, cytoplasm, nucleoids, and some other structures. [28]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Almost all prokaryotic cells have a cell sheath outside their cell membrane.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

If the sheath contains a rigid layer made of carbohydrate or carbohydrate-protein complex, peptidoglycan, that layer is referred to as the cell wall. Most bacteria have an outer membrane covering the peptidoglycan layer, and some are bacteria that have a cell sheath of protein.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Meanwhile, most archaeal cell sheaths are protein-made, although some are made from peptidoglycan.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The cell sheath of prokaryotes prevents cells from rupturing due to osmotic pressure in environments that have lower concentrations than cell contents. [29] A number of prokaryotes have other structures outside their cell sheath.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Many types of bacteria have a layer outside the cell wall called a capsule that helps bacterial cells cling to the surface of other objects and cells.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The capsules may also help bacterial cells shy away from certain types of human immune cells.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In addition, a number of bacteria are attached to the surface of other objects and cells by protein threads called pilus (plural: pili) and fimbria (plural: fimbriae).


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Many types of bacteria move using a flagellum (plural: flagellum) attached to its cell wall and rotates like a motor. [30]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Prokaryotes generally have one DNA molecule with a circumference structure concentrated on the nucleoid.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In addition, prokaryotes often also have additional genetic material called plasmids that also structure DNA circumference.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In general, plasmids are not needed by cells for growth although often plasmids carry certain genes that confer additional advantages to certain circumstances, for example resistance to antibiotics. [31]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Prokaryotes also possess a number of structural proteins called cytoskeleton, which were originally thought to exist only in eukaryotes. [32]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The skeleton protein regulates cell division and plays the role of determining cell shape. [33] Eukaryote cells Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryote cells (Greek, eu, 'actual' and karyon) have nuclei.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The cell diameter of eukaryotes is typically 10 to 100µm, ten times larger than that of bacteria.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The cytoplasm of eukaryotes is the region in between the nucleus and the cell membrane. The cytoplasm consists of a semicaqueous medium called cytosol, in which there are organelles of specialized shape and function and most prokaryotes do not possess. [7]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Most organelles are limited by one layer of membrane, but some are limited by two membranes, for example, a nucleus.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In addition to the nucleus, a number of other organelles belong to almost all eukaryote cells, namely (1) the mitochondria, where most of the cell's energy metabolism occurs; (2) the endoplasmic reticulum, a membrane network where the synthesis of glycoproteins and lipids; (3) the Golgi body, which directs the results of cell synthesis to its destination place; as well as (4) peroxisomes, places of overhaul of fatty acids and amino acids.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Lysosomes, which decompose damaged cell components and foreign bodies inserted by cells, are found in animal cells, but not in plant cells.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Chloroplasts, where photosynthesis occurs, are found only in certain cells of plant leaves and a number of unicellular organisms.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Both plant cells and a number of unicellular eukaryotes have one or more vacuoles, which are organelles where nutrients and waste and where a number of decomposition reactions occur. [34]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The protein network of cytoskeleton fibers maintains cell shape and controls the movement of structures within eukaryote cells. [34]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Centrioles, which are found only in animal cells near the nucleus, are also made of the cytoskeleton. [35]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Rigid cell walls, made of cellulose and other polymers, surround plant cells and make them strong and firm.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Fungi also have cell walls, but they differ in composition from bacterial and plant cell walls. [34]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Between the contiguous walls of plant cells is a channel called plasmodesmata. [36]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The subcellular component of the cell membrane that limits the cell is referred to as the plasma membrane and serves as a selective obstacle that allows the flow of sufficient oxygen, nutrients, and waste to serve the entire volume of the cell. [7] The cell membrane also plays a role in ATP synthesis, cell signaling, and cell adhesion. The cell membrane is in the form of a very thin layer formed from lipid and protein molecules.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The cell membrane is dynamic and most of its molecules can move along the plane of the membrane.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Membrane lipid molecules are arranged in two layers about 5 nm thick which are a barrier to most hydrophilic molecules.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Protein molecules that penetrate the double layer of such lipids play a role in almost all other functions of the membrane, for example transporting certain molecules past the membrane.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

There are also proteins that become structural hooks to other cells, or become receptors that detect and channel chemical signals in the cell environment. It is estimated that about 30% of the proteins that animal cells can synthesize constitute membrane proteins. [37]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The nucleus The nucleus contains most of the genes that control eukaryote cells (another portion of the gene is located within the mitochondria and chloroplasts).


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

With an average diameter of 5µm, these organelles are generally the most conspicuous organelles in eukaryote cells. [38]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Most cells have one nucleus, [39] but some have multiple nuclei, for example skeletal muscle cells, and some do not have a nucleus, for example mature red blood cells that lose their nucleus as they develop. [40]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The nucleus sheath encloses the nucleus and separates its contents (the so-called nucleoplasm) from the cytoplasm.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

This sheath consists of two membranes each of which is a double layer of lipids with associated proteins.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The outer and inner membranes of the nucleus sheath are separated by a chamber of about 20—40nm.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The nucleus sheath has a number of pores that are approximately 100nm in diameter and at the lip of each pore, the two nucleus sheath membranes are fused. [38]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Within the nucleus, DNA is organized together with proteins into chromatin.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

As the cell is ready to divide, the thread-shaped tangled chromatin will roll up, becoming thick enough to differentiate through a microscope as separate structures called chromosomes. [38]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The structure that stands out in the nucleus of a cell that is not dividing is the nucleoli, which is where a number of ribosomal components are synthesized and assembled.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These components are then passed through the pore of the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where they all merge into ribosomes.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Sometimes there are more than one nucleoli, depending on the species and the stage of reproduction of the cell. [38]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The nucleus controls protein synthesis within the cytoplasm by sending messenger molecules in the form of RNA, namely mRNA, which are synthesized based on the “message” of genes on DNA.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

This RNA is then ejected into the cytoplasm through the nucleus pore and attached to the ribosome, where the genetic message is translated into a synthesized protein amino acid sequence. [38]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Ribosomes Ribosomes are where cells make proteins.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cells with a high rate of protein synthesis have a lot of ribosomes, for example, human liver cells that have several million ribosomes. [38]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Ribosomes themselves are composed of different types of proteins and a number of RNA molecules.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The ribosomes of eukaryotes are larger than the ribosomes of prokaryotes, but the two are very similar in terms of structure and function.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Both consist of one large subunit and one small subunit that merge to form a complete ribosome with a mass of several million daltons. [41]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In eukaryotes, ribosomes can be found freely in the cytosol or bound to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Most proteins that free ribosomes produce will function inside the cytosol, while bound ribosomes generally make proteins intended for insertion into membranes, to be wrapped inside specific organelles such as lysosomes, or to be sent outside the cell. Free and bound ribosomes have identical structures and can interchange places.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cells can adjust the relative amount of each ribosome once their metabolism changes. [38]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Endomembrane system Various membranes in eukaryote cells form part of the endomembrane system.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These membranes are connected via direct physical joints or through intersegment transfer of membranes in the form of small vesicles (membrane-wrapped bubbles).


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The endomembrane system includes the nucleus sheath, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, various types of vacuoles, and plasma membranes. [38]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

This system has a variety of functions, including protein synthesis and modification and transport of proteins to membranes and organelles or outside the cell, lipid synthesis, and penetration of certain types of toxins. [42]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Endoplasmic reticulum Endoplasmic reticulum represents an expansion of the nucleus sheath consisting of a network (reticulum = 'small net') of membranous channels and interconnected vesicles.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

There are two forms of endoplasmic reticulum, namely rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. [42]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is so called because its surface is plastered with many ribosomes.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Ribosomes that begin to synthesize proteins with specific destination sites, such as specific organelles or membranes, will attach to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The protein formed will be pushed into the inside of the endoplasmic reticulum called the lumen. [43]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Within the lumen, the protein undergoes folding and is modified, for example, by the addition of carbohydrates to form glycoproteins.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The protein is then transferred to another part of the cell inside a small vesicle that pokes out of the endoplasmic reticulum, and joins organelles that play a further role in its modification and distribution.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Most protein goes to the Golgi body, which will pack and sort it out to be delivered to its final destination.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes on its surface.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The fine endoplasmic reticulum functions, for example, in the synthesis of lipids of cell membrane components. In certain cell types, for example liver cells, the delicate endoplasmic reticulum membrane contains enzymes that convert drugs, toxins, and toxic byproducts of cell metabolism into compounds that are less toxic or easier to remove the body. [42]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The Golgi body of the Golgi Agency (named after its discoverer, Camillo Golgi) is arrayed on a stack of flattened pockets of membrane called a sisterna.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

There are usually three to eight sisterna, but there are a number of organisms that have Golgi bodies with dozens of sisterna.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The number and size of Golgi bodies depends on the type of cell and its metabolic activity.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cells that actively perform protein secretion can have hundreds of Golgi bodies.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These organelles are usually located between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. [42]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The side of the Golgi body closest to the nucleus is called the cis side, while the side that is away from the nucleus is called the trans side. When it arrives on the cis side, the protein is introduced into the lumen of the sisterna.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In the lumen, the proteins are modified, for example, by the addition of carbohydrates, marked with chemical markers, and sorted out so that they can later be delivered to their respective destinations. [43]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Golgi bodies regulate the movement of different types of proteins; some are secreted outside the cell, some are coupled to the plasma membrane as transmembrane proteins, and some are placed inside lysosomes.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Proteins secreted from cells are transported to the plasma membrane within the secretory vesicle, which releases its contents by means of joining the plasma membrane in the process of exocytosis.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The reverse process, endocytosis, can occur when the plasma membrane concaves into cells and forms endocytotic vesicles that are carried to Golgi bodies or other places, for example lysosomes. [42]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Lysosomes Lysosomes in animal cells are vesicles that contain more than 30 types of hydrolytic enzymes to decompose various complex molecules.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cells reuse molecular subunits that lysosome already deciphered.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Depending on the substance it is deciphering, lysosomes can be of various sizes and shapes.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These organelles are formed as vesicles that break away from the Golgi body. [42]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Lysosomes decompose food molecules that enter the cell through endocytosis when an endocytosis vesicle joins the lysosome.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In a process called autophagy, lysosomes digest organelles that do not function properly.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Lysosomes also play a role in phagocytosis, the process that a number of cell types perform to ingest bacteria or other cell fragments to decipher.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

An example of a cell that performs phagocytosis is a type of white blood cell called phagocyte, which plays an important role in the immune system. [42]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Vacuoles Most lysosomal functions of animal cells are performed by vacuoles in plant cells.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The vacuole membranes, which are part of the endomembrane system, are called tonoplasts.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The vacuole comes from the Latin word vacuolum meaning 'empty' and is so named because this organelle has no internal structure.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Generally vacuoles are larger than vesicles, and are sometimes formed from the concatenation of many vesicles. [44]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Young plant cells are small and contain many small vacuoles that then merge to form a central vacuole along with the addition of water to it.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Plant cell size is enlarged by adding water into that central vacuole.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The central vacuole also contains food reserves, salts, pigments, and metabolic wastes.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Substances that are toxic to herbivores can also be stored in vacuoles as defense mechanisms.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Vacuoles also play an important role in maintaining plant turgor pressure. [44]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The vacuole has many other functions and can also be found in animal cells and unicellular protists.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Most protozoa have food vacuoles, which join lysosomes to allow the food in them to be digested.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Some types of protozoa also have contractile vacuoles, which secrete excess water from cells. [44] Mitochondria Most eukaryote cells contain many mitochondria, which occupy up to 25 percent of the cytoplasmic volume.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These organelles include large organelles, in general only smaller than nuclei, vacuoles, and chloroplasts. [45]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The name mitochondria comes from its thread-like appearance (mythical Greek, 'thread') under a light microscope. [46]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These organelles have two kinds of membranes, the outer membrane and the inner membrane, which are separated by the intermembrane space.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The surface area of the inner membrane is greater than that of the outer membrane because it has folds, or krista, that pop into the matrix, or mitochondrial inner space. [45]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration, which is a chemical process that energizes cells. [47] Carbohydrates and fats are examples of high-energy food molecules broken down into water and carbon dioxide by reactions within the mitochondria, with the release of energy.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Most energy released in that process is captured by a molecule called ATP.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

It is mitochondria that produces most of the cell's ATP. [42] The chemical energy of ATP can later be used to execute various chemical reactions in cells. [44] Most of the stages of breakdown of food molecules and ATP manufacturing are carried out by enzymes contained in crystas and mitochondrial matrix. [45]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Mitochondria multiply themselves independently of whole other parts of the cell. [46]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

This organelle has its own DNA that encodes a number of mitochondrial proteins, which are made on its own ribosomes similar to the ribosomes of prokaryotes. [44]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are one type of organelle called plastid in plants and algae. [36]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that captures light energy for photosynthesis, that is, a series of reactions that convert light energy into chemical energy stored in carbohydrate molecules and other organic compounds. [48]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

One unicellular algal cell can have one chloroplast alone, while one leaf cell can have 20 to 100 chloroplasts.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These organelles tend to be larger than mitochondria, with a length of 5—10µm or more.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Chloroplasts are usually shaped like discs and, like mitochondria, have an outer membrane and an inner membrane separated by intermembrane space.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The inner membrane of chloroplasts envelops the stroma, which loads various enzymes responsible for forming carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in photosynthesis.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

A second inner membrane system within the stroma consists of flattened pockets called interconnected thylacoids.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Tilakoid-tilakoids form a pile called granum (plural, grana).


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Chlorophyll is present in the thylacoid membrane, which plays a similar role to the inner membrane of mitochondria, that is, it is involved in the formation of ATP. [48]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

A portion of this formed ATP is used by enzymes in the stroma to convert carbon dioxide into a triple carbonaceous intermediate compound which is then removed into the cytoplasm and converted into carbohydrates. [49]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Just like mitochondria, chloroplasts also have their own DNA and ribosomes and grow and multiply themselves. [44]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These two organelles can also move around in cells. [49] Peroxisomes are similar in size to lysosomes and can be found in all eukaryote cells. [50]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These organelles are so named because they usually contain one or more enzymes involved in oxidation reactions producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). [51]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Hydrogen peroxide is a toxic chemical, but within the peroxisomes this compound is used for another oxidation reaction or is decomposed into water and oxygen.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

One of the tasks of peroxisomes is to oxidize long fatty acids to shorter which are then taken to the mitochondria for perfect oxidation. [50]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Peroxisomes in liver and kidney cells also detoxify various toxic molecules that enter the blood, for example, alcohol.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Meanwhile, peroxisomes in plant seeds play an important role in converting the fat reserves of seeds into carbohydrates used in the germination stage. [51]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton of eukaryotes consists of three types of protein fibers, namely microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments. [52]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cytoskeleton proteins that are similar and function similarly to the cytoskeleton of eukaryotes are also found in prokaryotes. [33]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Microtubules are hollow cylinders that give the cell shape, guide the movement of organelles, and help the movement of chromosomes at the time of cell division. The cilia and flagella of eukaryotes, which are aids of movement, also contain microtubules.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The intermediate filament supports the shape of the cell and keeps the organelle in place.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Meanwhile, microfilaments, which are thin rods of actin proteins, function among other things in muscle contraction in animals, the formation of pseudopodia for the movement of ameba cells, and the flow of material within the cytoplasm of plant cells. [53]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

A number of motor proteins drive various organelles along the cytoskeleton of eukaryotes.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In general, motor proteins can be classed in three types, namely kinesin, dinein, and myosin.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Kinesin and dinein move on microtubules, while myosin moves on microfilaments. [54]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Extracellular components The cells of animals and plants are united as tissues primarily by the extracellular matrix, that is, a complex network of molecules that the cell secretes and functions primary forming a supporting skeleton.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Especially in animals, cells in most tissues are directly bound to each other through cell connections. [55] Animal extracellular matrix The extracellular matrix of animal cells is based on the main constituent of glycoproteins (proteins that bind to short carbohydrates), and the most abundant is collagen which form strong fibers on the outside of the cell. These collagen fibers are embedded in a woven tangle made of proteoglycans, which are glycoproteins of another class [56] Variations in the type and molecular arrangement of the extracellular matrix give rise to various shapes, for example hard such as the surface of bones and teeth, transparent like the cornea of the eye, or shaped like a strong cord on a muscle.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The extracellular matrix not only unifies cells but also affects cell development, shape, and behavior. [57] Plant cell wall The plant cell wall is the extracellular matrix that envelops each plant cell. [58]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These walls are composed of cellulose fibers embedded in other polysaccharides as well as proteins and are much thicker in size than the plasma membrane, which is 0.1µm by several micrometers.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The cell wall protects plant cells, retains their shape, and prevents excessive suction of water. [59]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Intercellular connections Cell junctions can be found at intercellular meeting points or between cells and extracellular matrices.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

According to its function, cell joints can be classified into three, namely (1) occluding junction, (2) anchor connection (anchoring junction), and (3) communicating junction.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

A plug connection seals the surface of two cells into one in such a way that even small molecules cannot pass, for example is a tight junction in vertebrates.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Meanwhile, anchor joints attach the cell (and its cytoskeleton) to its neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Lastly, the communicating joint unites two cells but allows chemical or electrical signals to pass between those cells.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Plasmodesmata is an example of a communication connection found only in plants. [60]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Metabolism Function The whole chemical reaction that makes living beings capable of their activities is called metabolism, [61] and most of those chemical reactions occur within the cell. [3] The metabolism that occurs in the cell can be catabolic reactions, that is, the overhaul of chemical compounds for produce energy and to be used as a material for the formation of other compounds, and anabolic reactions, namely the reaction to the preparation of cell components. [62] One of the catabolic processes that remodel food molecules to produce energy in cells is cellular respiration, which mostly takes place inside mitochondria eukaryotes or cytosolic prokaryotes and produce ATP.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Meanwhile, an example of an anabolic process is protein synthesis that takes place on the ribosome and requires ATP.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cell communication The ability of cells to communicate, that is, receive and transmit 'signals' from and to other cells, determines interactions between unicellular organisms and regulates the function and development of the body of multicellular organisms.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

For example, bacteria communicate with each other in the process of quorum sensing (quorum sensing) to determine if their numbers are sufficient before forming biofilms, while cells in animal embryos communicate for coordination of differentiation processes into different cell types. Cell communication consists of the process of intercellular signal transfer in the form of molecules (e.g., hormones) or electrical activity, and signal transduction within the target cell to molecules that elicit a cell response. Signal transfer mechanisms can occur by intercellular contact (e.g. via communicating junctions), spread of signal molecules to adjacent cells, spread of signal molecules to distant cells through channels (e.g. blood vessels), or propagation of electrical signals to distant cells (e.g. in smooth muscle tissue).


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Furthermore, signaling molecules either penetrate the membrane directly, pass through the protein canal, or cling to receptors in the form of transmembrane proteins on the surface of the target cell and trigger signal transduction within the cell. This signal transduction can involve a number of substances called second messengers whose concentrations increase after attachment of signal molecules to receptors and which later regulate the activity of other proteins within the cell. In addition, signal transduction can also be performed by a number of protein types that can ultimately affect cell metabolism, function, or development. [63] [64] Each cell cycle comes from previous cell division, and the stages of cell life between cell division to division The next cell is referred to as the cell cycle. [65] In most cells, this cycle consists of four coordinated processes, namely cell growth, DNA replication, splitting duplicated DNA to two prospective tiller cells, as well as cell division. [66] In bacteria, the process of splitting DNA to prospective tiller cells can occur in conjunction with DNA replication, and successive cell cycles can lap.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

This is not the case with eukaryotes whose cell cycle occurs in four separate phases so the rate of bacterial cell division can be faster than the rate of cell division of eukaryotes. [67]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In eukaryotes, the cell growth stage generally occurs twice, namely before DNA replication (called G1 phase, gap 1) and before cell division (G2 phase).


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The bacterial cell cycle is not obligate to have a G1 phase, but has a G2 phase called period D. The DNA replication phase in eukaryotes is called the S phase (synthesis), or in bacteria equivalent to period C. Furthermore, eukaryotes have a nucleus cleavage stage called the M phase (mitosis).


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The interstage transition of the cell cycle is controlled by a regulatory fixture that not only coordinates events in the cell cycle, but also connects the cell cycle with the extracellar signals that control cell multiplication. For example, animal cells in G1 phase can stop and not switch to S phase when there are no specific growth factors, but instead enter a state called G0 phase and undergo neither growth nor multiplication.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

An example is fibroblast cells that simply divide themselves to repair the body's damage caused by injuries. [66]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

If the regulation of the cell cycle is disrupted, for example due to mutations, the risk of tumor formation—that is, abnormal cell multiplication — increases and may have an effect on cancer formation. [68]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cell differentiation Cell differentiation creates a diversity of cell types that appear during the development of a multicellular organism from a fertilized egg.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

For example, mammals derived from a cell develop into an organism with hundreds of different cell types such as muscles, nerves, and skin. [69]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The cells in the developing embryo perform cell signaling that affects the expression of cell genes and causes such differentiation. [70]


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Programmed cell death Cells in multicellular organisms can undergo a programmed death which is useful for cell population control by compensating for cell multiplication, for example to prevent the appearance of tumors.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cell death is also useful for removing parts of the body that are not needed.


Question: What is the number of cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

For example, at the time of embryo formation, the fingers on the human hand or foot are initially fused together, but then they form thanks to the death of interfinger cells.