Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Hinduism and Buddhism originated in India so the concept used in the erection of a sacred building is the same as the concept developed and used in India, namely the concept of holy water.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Sacred buildings must be near water that is considered sacred.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

The water was later used as a means in ritual ceremonies.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

The role of water is not only used for ritual ceremonies only, but is technically also necessary in the construction as well as the maintenance and survival of the building itself.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Establishment of a sacred building somewhere is indeed the potential to be considered sacred, and not its potential building is considered sacred.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

So in the effort to erect a sacred building artists always pay attention to the potential sanctity of a place where the building will be erected.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

In order to maintain and maintain the sanctity of a place, it must be maintained the area around the central point of the building or Brahmasthana as well as the four points of the wind where the deity Lokapala (guardian of the wind eye) is located to protect and secure the area as Wastupurusamandala i.e. the fusion of the occult and the real realm.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Then conducted various ceremonies to purify the land.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

In this case water plays a role during the ceremony, because water besides purifying also to fertilize the area.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

So in the effort to erect a sacred building, in addition to the potential sanctity of the land that needs to be considered is the presence or availability of water in the area.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

This is the same as the concept of Indian culture which states that the existence of the meru mountain as the abode of the gods is accompanied by the seven seas.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

So reasonably and generally it can be known that the erection of most sacred buildings in place is always near the water.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

The geographical state of Sumatra which has a large river flow strongly supports the concept of Indian culture.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

With the presence of a large river flow water is easily obtained for the purposes of ritual ceremonies.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

In addition to water factors, economic factors can also be behind the establishment of a sacred building.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

The river flow in Sumatra was in the past a transportation route for trade.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

At first the number of traders who came was few.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

But over time due to waiting for the right time to sail then they settled around the area.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

So there was a place of worship for religious people, and a sacred building was established.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Because it is impossible to establish a sacred building or temple without the support of the founding community for the survival of the sacred building.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

So in parallel with the growth and rapid trade somewhere in general will appear also sacred buildings or temples to be used as a place to perform ritual ceremonies by those economic actors who have known magical towards the temple building, play a role in the function of social/economic development and trade.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

The factor of power is also influential in the construction of a temple.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

A kingdom that successfully conquers a region, of course, there are dwellings that can describe the characteristics of a kingdom.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

The remains can be inscriptions or temples.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Some aspects in the erection of the temple From a temple building we can see some aspects of life.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

In Muara Takus temple these aspects that we can see include: Aspects of technology: The material used is bricks.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

The size of bricks used to build this temple varies, length between 23 to 26cm, width 14 to 15.5cm and thickness 3.5cm to 4.5cm.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Brick in the past has better quality than brick in the present.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

This is because the clay used is filtered until there are absolutely no other components than clay, for example, sand.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

In addition, there is a “stuffing” inside the brick, usually in the form of husks.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

The intent of this filling, so that the brick is strong.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Gluing between bricks using a kosod system.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Kosod system is a brick gluing system by rubbing brick with another brick where the rubbing plane is given water.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

This system can also be found on sites in East Java and can still be found in the Bali area.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Gluing bricks using kosod systems cause gluing between bricks to increase tightly from year to year.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Social aspect: The construction of this temple is done in cooperation and carried out by crowded people.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Likewise at the time of the worship ceremony there is a difference in status, namely the leader of the ceremony and his followers.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Religious aspect: seen from the shape of Muara Takus temple in the form of a stupa, which shows this temple as a place of worship of Buddhists, especially the Mahayana stream. (in English) Medan Archaeological Center. 1998.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Archaeological periodical SANGKHAK (in English) Department of Education and Culture. 1996.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Results of Restoration and Finding of Cultural Heritage Objects PSP I. Development Project of Historical Relics and Antiquity Center.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Jakarta (in Indonesian) Haryono, Aris. 1986.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Lion Relief and Statue in the temples of the Central Java Period: Research on Function and Understanding.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Research Reports.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Yogyakarta Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Kempers, A. J. Bernet. 1959.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Ancient English Art.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press (in English) Siagian, Renville. 2002.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

CANDI as the art and cultural heritage of Indonesia.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Yogyakarta: Yayasan Cempaka Kencana (in Indonesian) Soekmono, R. 1974.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Temple, Function and Understanding.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Dissertation.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Jakarta (in English) Asylum PSP Prov. Sumbar and Riau. 1995.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

AMOGHAPASA Archaeological Bulletin.


Question: Who built the Muara Takus Temple?

Muara Takus Temple

Batusangkar Reference See also Muara Takus Muara Takus Temple Category:Riau


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Part of a series on TheBible Canons and books Tanakh Torah Nevi'im Ketuvim Christian biblical canons Old Testament (OT) New Testament (NT) Deuterocanon Antilegomena Chapters and verses Apocrypha Jewish OT NT Authorship and development Authorship Dating Hebrew canon Old Testament canon New Testament canon Composition of the Torah Mosaic authorship Pauline epistles Petrine epistles Johannine works Translations and manuscripts Samaritan Torah Dead Sea scrolls Masoretic Text Targumim Peshitta Septuagint Vulgate Gothic Bible Vetus Latina Luther Bible English Bibles Bibles Biblical studies Archeology Artifacts Dating Historicity Internal consistency People Places Names Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical Textual Source Form Redaction Canonical Interpretation Hermeneutics Pesher Midrash Pardes Allegorical interpretation Literalism Prophecy Inspiration Humor Violence Alcohol Ethics Slavery Women Muhammad Homosexuality Death penalty Incest Rape Sex Serpents Bible conspiracy theory Perspectives Gnostic Islamic Qur'anic Inerrancy Infallibility Criticism of the Bible Outline of Bible- Related topics Bible book Bibleportalvt Septuaginta (Latin word meaning “seventy”) is a translation of the Hebrew Bible and several related texts into Koine Greek.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

As the main Greek translation of the Old Testament, Septuaginta is also called the Greek Old Testament.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

This translation is cited many times in the New Testament, [1] [2] especially in Paul's epistles, [3] and also by the Apostolic Fathers as well as the Greek Church Fathers.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

This title (Greek: Μετάφρασις τν βδομήκοντα, “Translation of the Seventieth”) and the Roman numeral acronym LXX refer to the seventy legendary Jewish scholars who translated the Five Books of Moses in the 3rd century BC. [4] [5] The traditional story comes from the Epistle of Aristeas that Ptolemaios II Philadelphos was the one who sponsored the translation of the Torah (Torah, Pentateukh, Five Books of Moses).


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Subsequently the Greek translation circulated among Aleksandrian Jews who were fluent in Koine Greek but did not master Hebrew, while Koine Greek itself was the lingua franca (language of promiscuity) in Aleksandria, Egypt, and the Eastern Mediterranean at the time. [6]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Septuaginta should not be mixed with seven or more other Greek versions of the Old Testament, [4] most of which cannot be preserved other than in fragmentary form (some parts of it are recognized from Origen's Hexapla, a comparison of six translations in the column -a contiguous column, but is now almost entirely gone).


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Among all of them, the most important are the works of Akwila, Symmakus, and Theodotion.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The name Septuaginta name is derived from the Latin phrase versio septuaginta interpretum, “translation of the seventieth interpreter”, Greek: μετάφρασις τν βδομήκοντα, hē metáphrasis tōn hebdomkonta, “translation of the seventieth”. [7]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

But the Greek translations of these Jewish books were already referred to by the Latin term “Septuaginta” before the time of St. Augustine of Hippo (354—430 AD).


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The Roman numeral LXX (seventy) is commonly used as an abbreviation of Septuaginta, as is G {\ displaystyle {\ mathfrak {G}}} [8] or G. The Legend Composition of these titles refers to a legendary story that tells about 70 or 72 Jewish scholars who are was asked by Ptolemaios II Philadelphos (a Greek king in Egypt) to translate the Torah from the Hebrew Biblika into Greek, for inclusion in the Library of Aleksandria. [9]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The legend is first found in the Epistle of Aristeas (a pseudopigrafa) to his brother Philokrates, [10] and is repeated with interesting additions by Filo of Aleksandria, Flavius Josefus, [11] [12] and various later sources, including St. Augustine. [13]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

A version of this legend is found in the Megillah Tract of the Babylonian Talmud: At one time King Ptolelemaios gathered 72 Elders.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

He placed them in 72 cubicles, each in one separate room, without revealing to them why they were called.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

He went into everyone's room and said, “Write down to me the Torah of Moshe, your teacher.”


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

God put it in their hearts in order to translate identically as all others do. [5]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Filo of Aleksandria, on whom Septuaginta depends heavily, [14] says that a number of such scholars were chosen by selecting six scholars from each of the twelve tribes of Israel.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The history of the dating of the 3rd century BC, shown in the legend, is supported (for the translation of the Torah) by a number of factors, for example the existence of Greek from the early Koine dialect, quotes beginning as early as the 2nd century BC, early manuscripts from the 2nd century. [15] [16] After the Torah, the other books were translated in the time span of the following two to three centuries.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

However it is not completely clear where, when, or which one was translated; some of these may even have been translated twice into different versions, and then revised. [17]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The quality and style of each translator is also quite varied between the book of one and the other, ranging from the literal way of translation, paraphrasing, to interpretative.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The process of translating the Septuaginta itself and from the Septuaginta into other versions can be divided into different stages, in which the social environment of the translators shifted from Hellenistic Judaism to Early Christianity.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The translation of the Septuaginta itself began in the 3rd century BC and was resolved in 132 BC, [18] [19] [20] initially in Aleksandria, but later elsewhere as well. [7]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Septuaginta is the basis for the Old Testament Christian Old Testament of Old Latin, Slavonic, Syrian, Ancient Armenian, Old Georgian, and Coptic versions. [21]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Languages Some parts of the Septuaginta may indicate Semitism, or expressions and phrases based on clumps of Semitic languages such as Hebrew and Aramaic. [22]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Other books, such as the Book of Daniel and Proverbs, show greater Greek influence. [9]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Koine Jewish Greek is found primarily as a category of literature, or a cultural category; however, despite the presence of several different religious vocabulary, the difference is not very large compared to other variants of Koine Greek so it cannot be referred to as a dialect of its own.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Septuaginta may also explain pronunciation from pre-Masoretic Hebrew: many self-names are spelled with Greek living letters in LXX, whereas modern Hebrew texts have no living letter pointer. [23]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

However not all pronunciations of ancient Hebrew had exactly the same equivalent in Greek. [24]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Debate over canonicity As the translation works progressed, the canons of the Greek Bible were expanded.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The Torah (Pentateukh in Greek) has always maintained its primacy as the basis of the canon; but a collection of prophetic or prophetic writings, based on the Jewish Nevi'im, has various hagiographic works incorporated into it.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

In addition, several more recent books were included in the Septuaginta: the so-called anagignoskomena in Greek, because the books were not included in the Jewish canon.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Among these books are, for example, the Book of Macabe and the Wisdom of Jesus the son of Sirakh.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Septuaginta versions of some biblical books, such as the Books of Daniel and Esther, are also longer than those contained in the Masoret Text. [25]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

It is not known when Ketuvim (“writings”), the final part of the three-part Jewish canon, was composed; although some sort of selective process should have been applied since Septuaginta did not include other notable Jewish documents such as the Book of Enoch, Jubilees, or other writings that excluding the Jewish canon. (These books are now classed as Pseudopigrafa) Since the Late Ancient Ages, once associated with the Council of Yamnia, mainstream Rabinic Judaism rejected Septuaginta as a valid Jewish scriptural text for several reasons.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The first reason, they confirmed some translation errors. [14]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The second reason, the Hebrew-language source texts that Septuaginta used in some cases (especially the Book of Daniel) are different from the Masoretic tradition of Hebrew texts, for which the canonicity was passed by Jewish rabbis.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The third reason, the rabbis wanted to distinguish their traditions from the recently established traditions of Christianity. [2] [20] Later the rabbis claimed Hebrew as a divine authority, in contrast to Greek or Aramaic —although these languages are colloquial languages the Jews during the period.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

However, in the end, Aramaic was also given status as a sacred language, equivalent to Hebrew). [26]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

As a result of this doctrine, various translations of Torah into Koine Greek by Jewish rabbis are preserved only in the form of rare fragments today.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Over time, LXX became synonymous with the “Greek Old Testament”, a canon of Christian writings that included all books from the Jewish canon along with additional texts.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches incorporate most of the books included in the Septuaginta into their canons; but Protestant churches in general do not include them.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

After the Protestant Reformation, many Protestant Bibles began to follow the Jewish canon and did not include those additional texts, later called “Apocrypha” (originally meaning “hidden”, but became equated in meaning to “whose validity is questioned”).


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The apocrypha is included under its own title in the King James Version of the Bible, which is the basis for the Revised Standard Version. [27]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Final form See also List of books below.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

All Old Testament books in the Western canons belong to the Septuaginta, although the order does not always correspond.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The ordering of Old Testament books in Septuaginta is seen in the earliest Christian Bibles (in the 4th century). [9]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The few books separated in the Masoretic text are grouped together.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

For example, the Book of Samuel and the Book of Kings are one book in the LXX which is divided into 4 parts called Βασιλειύν (“Reigns”, “Reigns”, “Reigns”).


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

In the LXX, the Book of Chronicles is a complement to Reigns and is called Paralipomenon (Παραλειπομένων, things ruled out).


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Septuaginta styled the minor prophets in 12 parts of one Book of the Twelve (Book of the Twelve). [9]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Some ancient scriptures are found in the Septuaginta but none in the Hebrew Bible.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

These additional books are the Book of Tobit, Judit, the Wisdom of Solomon, the Wisdom of Jesus, the son of Sirakh, Barukh, the Epistle of Jeremiah (later became Barukh chapter 6 in Vulgata), additions to Daniel (Prayer of Azarias, Third Song of Youth, Susana, Bell and Dragon), additions to Esther, 1 Makabe, 3 Makabe, 4 Makabe, 1 Esdras, Praise Syair, including the Prayer of Manasseh, the Psalm of Solomon, and Psalm 151.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Canonical acceptance of these books varies among various different Christian traditions, and there are also canonical books that do not originate from the Septuaginta.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

More information about these books is contained in the apocrypha articles of the Bible, the canon of the Bible, the books of the Bible, and the books of Deuterocanonica.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The incorporation of Theodotion In most ancient copies of the Bible containing the Septuaginta version of the Old Testament, the Book of Daniel is not the original Septuaginta version, but is a copy of Theodotion's translation of the Hebrew Bible, which more resembles the Masoret Text.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Those Septuaginta versions were superseded in favour of Theodotion's version in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. In areas using Greek, this occurred around the late 2nd century, and in Latin-speaking areas (at least in North Africa) it occurred in the mid-3rd century.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

History records no reason regarding this, and St. Hieronimus reports, in the preface of Daniel's version of Vulgata, “This just happened”. [28]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Some of the Ancient Greek texts of the Book of Daniel have been rediscovered recently and now ongoing work on reconstructing the original form of the book. [9]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The canonical Ezra—Nehemiah is known in the Septuaginta as “Esdras B”, and 1 Esdras is “Esdras A”. 1 Esdras is a text very similar to the books of Ezra-Nehemiah, and experts widely consider both to be derived from the same original text.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

There is a view, and considered highly likely by experts, that “Esdras B” (canonical Ezra-Nehemiah) is Theodotion's version of this material, and “Esras A” is the version previously contained within the Septuaginta itself. [28]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Use of Use among pre-Christian Jews, Filo and Jocefus considered Septuaginta to be in the same position as the Hebrew text. [9] [29] The Septuaginta manuscripts were found among the Qumran Scrolls of the Dead Sea, and are thought to have been used among the people Jews in those days.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Starting from the 2nd century AD, several factors have caused most Jews to abandon the use of LXX.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Early Gentile Christians used the LXX because it was the only Greek version of the Bible at the time, and most (or all) of them could not read Hebrew.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The association of the LXX with a rival religion might make it suspect in the view of Jewish scholars and Jews of the newer generations. [21]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Instead, the Jews used the later Targum texts composed by the Masorets; and also authoritative Aramaic translations, such as the works of Onkelos and Rabbi Jonatan ben Uziel. [30]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Greek-speaking Jews themselves tend to prefer other Jewish versions in Greek, rather than the LXX, such as the results of Akwila translations in the 2nd century, which seem to be more in line with today's Hebrew texts. [21]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The usage among Christians of the Early Christian Church uses Greek texts, [31] because Greek was a lingua franca (colloquial language) in the Roman Empire at the time, and the language of the Greco-Roman Church (Aramaic is the language of Syrian Christianity, which using Targumim).


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The relationship between the use of the Old Testament in the time of the apostles, for example, the Septuaginta and the now-lost Hebrew texts (though in certain levels and forms it is continued in the Masoretic tradition) is a complicated one.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

It seems that the Septuaginta became one primary source for the Apostles, although not the only one.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

St. Hieronimus presents Matthew 2:15 and 2:23, John 19:37, John 7:38, 1 Corinthians 2:9 [32] as examples of verses not found in the Septuaginta, but contained in Hebrew texts.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Matthew 2:23 is also not contained in the current Masoretic tradition, although St. Hieronimus considers it contained in Isaiah 11:1.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The authors of the New Testament, when quoting Jewish scriptures, or when referring to Jesus doing so, freely use Greek translations, thus hinting that Jesus, his Apostles, and their followers consider them reliable. [2] [3] [22] In the inaugural Church , the notion that Septuaginta was translated by the Jews before the time of Christ, and that in some certain places Septuaginta gives more of a Christological interpretation than the Hebrew texts of the 2nd century, is used as evidence that the Jews had changed the Hebrew text in a certain way thus making it less christological.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

For example, St. Ireneus's writings on Isaiah 7:14: Septuaginta clearly inscribed that a virgin (Greek: παρθένος) would contain. [33]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Whereas the Hebrew text, according to Ireneus, was at that time interpreted by Theodotion and Akwila (both proselites of the Jewish religion) as a young woman who would conceive.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

According to Ireneus, the Ebionites used this to claim that Joseph was Jesus' biological father.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

From his perspective it is purely heresy, facilitated by anti-Christian (later) changes to scripture in Hebrew, as seen in the evidence contained in the earlier Septuaginta, before the existence of Christianity. [34]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

When Hieronimus made a revision of the Old Latin translations (Vetus Latina) of the Septuaginta, he compared the Septuaginta with the Hebrew texts available later.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

He did not follow church tradition and translated most of the Old Testament (Vulgata) from the Hebrew text, instead of Greek.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

His choice was criticized by Augustine, who lived contemporaneously with him; many other criticisms came from those who considered Hieronimus to be a forger.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

On the one hand he considered the Hebrew texts superior to correcting the Septuaginta both on theological and philological grounds; on the other hand, in the context of the accusations of heretics against him, Hieronimus recognized the Septuaginta text as well. [35]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

With the passage of time, acceptance of Hieronimus's version increased gradually until it replaced the Old Latin translations of Septuaginta. [21]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The Eastern Orthodox Church still prefers to use LXX as the basis for its translation of the Old Testament into other languages.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

In addition, the Eastern Orthodox also use the LXX without being translated at all on Churches where the liturgical language is Greek, for example in the Orthodox Church of Constantinople, the Church of Greece, and the Church of Cyprus.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Critical translations of the Old Testament, if the Masoret Text is used as the basis for translation, still use the Septuaginta — as well as other versions—as a reference to reconstruct the meaning of an obscure, corrupt, or confusing Hebrew text. [21]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

For example, the Preface to the New Jerusalem Bible writes down, “Only if this [Masoret Text] presents the unresolved difficulties of having repairs or other versions, such as..., LXX is used. “[36]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The Preface of the Translator of the New International Version says: “The translators traced more important early versions (including) the Septuaginta...


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The readings of these versions are sometimes followed if MT seems dubious... “[37]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Textual history List of Orthodox Old Testament books [7] [38] [39] Greek-based names Conventional EnglishIndonesiaHukumγένεσιGénesisGenesiskitab Occasion ησούς Nαυiêsous Nauêjoshuakitab YosuaκριταίkritaíjudgesBook of JudgesBook of JudgesBook of JudgesούύθroúthruthBook Rutβασιλειν Α[ 40] I REIGNSI SAMUELBOOK 1 SAMUELΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΝ ΒII REIGNSII SAMUELBOOK 2 SAMUELΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΝ ΓIII REIGNSI KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 KINGSKITAB 1 Alipomenon [41] I CHRONICLESKITAB 1 TAUDΠΑΡΑΛΕΙΠΟΜΈΝΩΝ ΒII PARALIPOMENONII CHRONICLESKITAB 2 TAINIHΣΔΡΑΣ ΑI Esdras1 Esdras; Book 1 Esdrasσδρας ΒII Esdrasezra-NehemiahBook of Ezra—Nehemiaτωβίτ [42] TobittoBit or TobiasBook TobitουδίθioudithjudithBook of Juditσθήρestheresther with Additionskitab Ester with Additionskitab Ester with AdditionsμακακακακακακακακακακακακακακακακακακακακαΊΩΝ ΑI Maccabees (I Makkabees) 1 MaccabeesBook 1 Makabeμακκαβαίων ΒII Maccabees (II Makkabees) 2 MaccabeesBook 2 Makabeμακκαβαίων ΓIII Maccabees (III Makkabees) 3 MaccabeesBook 3 Makabehikmatψαλμοίpsalmspsalmskitab psalmskitab psalmψαλμός Ρναpsalm 151psalm 151ρσοσούσούσος ρναpsalm 151Psalm 151ρσοσούσούσούσούσούσούσοσος ευχΜανάσσηprayer of ManassehPrayer of Manassehprayer Manassehdoa ManasyeώβiōbjobKitab AyubπαροιμίαιProverbsProverbskitab AmsalύκκλησιαστήecclesiastesecclesiastesKitab Preacherσμα σμάτωνsong of Songssong of SolomonBook of Great Kidung Σοφία Σαλoμύντος Wisdom of SolomonwisdomBook of Wisdom Salomoσοφία ησούλούσούύύύλούντάριριάριριάριάριάριάριάριάριάριάριάριάριWisdom of Jesus the son of SeirachSirach or Ecclesiasticuskitab Jesus ibn Syrakhψαλμοή ΣΑΛOΜΝΤΟPsalms of Solomonpsalms of Solomon [43] Psalms of Salomonabi-NabiδώδεκαThe Twelveminor Prophetsnabi-little ProphetΣηΑI.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Osëehoseakitab hoseaμώς ΒII.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

ÄMŌSAMOSKITAB AMOSΜΙΧΑΊΑΣ ΓIII.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

MichaiasmicahBook of Mikhaωήλ ΔIV.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

IoeljoelKitab Yoelβδίου Ε[ 44] V. Obdiasobadiahthe Book of ObajaΩνΣ 'VI.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

IonasjonahScripture of Jonah ναούύύύμή VII.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

NaoumnahumBook Nahum).


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

AMBAKUMHABAKKUKBOOK HABAKKUKΣΟΦΟΝΊΑΣ ΘIX.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

SOPHONIASZEPHANIAHTHE BOOK OF ZEPHANYAΝΓΓΑΟΣ ΙX.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Ängaioshaggaikitab Hagaiζαχαρίας ΙΑXI.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Zachariaszachariahthe Book of Zachariaγγελος ΙΒXII.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

MessengermalachiKitab MaleakhiσααhesaiasisaiahBook of JesayaερεμίαhieremiasjeremiahBook of YeremiaβαρούχbaruchBaruchbaruchNewhθρύνοιlamentationslamentationsKitab Ratapanπιστολή Ιερείομολή Ιερείομομολή Ιερείομομολή Ιερείομολή Ιερείομολή Epistle of JeremiaLetter of JeremiaEpistle of the Prophet JeremiaεύεκιήλiezekiêlezekielBook of EzekielδανιήλdaniêlDaniel with Additionskitab Daniel with additionsAttachment anμακκαβαίων Δ' ΠαράρτημαIV Maccabees (IV Makkabees) 4 Maccabees [45] Book 4 Makabe Textual analysis of Modern Scientific states that LXX was written between the 3rd to the 1st century BC.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Yet almost all attempts at dating of certain books, with the exception of the Torah (early to mid-3rd century BC), are tentative and without consensus. [9]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The later Jews who made various derivations (recensions) and revisions to the translation of the Hebrew text into Greek are shown to have done well, the most famous being: Akwila (AD 128), Symmakus, and Theodotion.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

All three, to varying degrees different, performed more literal translations of the Hebrew scriptures of their time when compared to Old Greek texts (Old Greek, meaning early Greek translated texts).


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Modern academics consider at least one of the three translators produced the Hebrew Bible in completely new Greek versions. [46]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Around 235 AD, Origen, a Christian academician in Aleksandria, completed his work Hexapla, a comprehensive comparison of Hebrew texts and ancient versions in parallel in 6 columns, with diacritical marking (“editor's mark”, “critical sign” or “Aristarkhus symbol” ).


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Many of these works have been lost, but some compilations of those fragments are still preserved.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The first column is a contemporary Hebrew text, the second column is a Greek transliteration of it, then each of the newer Greek versions on its own column.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Origen also created a column for the Old Greek text (meaning Septuaginta) and next to it is an apparatus criticus (primary and essential source) that combines readings of all Greek versions along with diacritical signs indicating the origin of the version of each line (Greek: στίχος). [47]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The very thick hexapla was likely never copied in its entirety, but the combined text of Origen's work (the “fifth column”) was often copied; in the end the copying was done with no sign of editing, and the longer text of the LXX became neglected.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Thus this combined text became the first major derivative of the Christian LXX, often called Hexaplar recension.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

In the following century after Origen, two other major derivatives were identified by St. Hieronimus, who attributed these two to St. Lusianus and Hesikhius. [9]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The oldest manuscripts of the LXX include fragments of Leviticus and Deuteronomy (Rahlfs nos. 801, 819, and 957) from the 2nd century BC; and fragments of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, and Minor Prophets (Alfred Rahlfs nos. 802, 803, 805, 848, 942, and 943) of the 943rd century) 1 B.C.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The relatively complete manuscripts of the LXX include the Codex Vaticanus from the 4th century AD and the Alexandrinus Codex from the 5th century A.D. They are the oldest nearly complete manuscripts of the Old Testament in various languages and are still preserved; the oldest complete Hebrew texts, and extant today, dating from about 600 years later, from the first half of the 10th century. [21] [48] The Sinaiticus codex from the 4th century is also partially preserved, and still contains many Old Testament texts. [49]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Although there are various differences between these three codes, scientific consensus today considers that one LXX — the original pre-Christian translation — is the basis for all three.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Various derivations and revisions from Jews, as well as later Christians, play a role in the differences of all these codexes. [9]


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

See also Hypothesis Tanakh document in Qumran Tanakh Vulgata Hellenistic Judaism Reference Advanced reading Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

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Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Timothy Michael Law, When God Spoke Greek, Oxford University Press, 2013.


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Septuaginta

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Septuaginta

Eberhard Bons and Jan Joosten, eds. Septuagint Vocabulary: Pre-History, Usage, Reception (Society of Biblical Literature; 2011) 211 pages; studies of the language used Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

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Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The Office, Mattis, The Jewish time line encyclopedia: A yearby-year history from Creation to the present, Jason Aronson Inc., London, 1992 Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

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Alfred Rahlfs,, Göttingen 1914.


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Septuaginta


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Makrakis, Apostolos, Proofs of the Authenticity of the Septuagint, trans. by D. Cummings, Chicago, Ill.: Hellenic Christian Educational Society, 1947.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

N.B.: Published and printed with its own pagination, whether as issued separately or as included together with 2 other works of A. Makrakis in a single volume published by the same film in 1950, wherein the translator's name is identified on the common t.p. to that volume.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta


Question: Who is Philocrates?

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Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

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W.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

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Emery Barnes,, JTS 1901, pp.186—197.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta


Question: Who is Philocrates?

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Septuaginta

Andreas Juckel, JOURNAL OF SYRIAC STUDIES Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


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Septuaginta

Martin Hengel,, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2004.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Rajak, Tessa, Translation and survival: the Greek Bible of the ancient Jewish Diaspora (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2009).


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Bart D. Ehrman.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings; 608 pages, Oxford University Press (July, 2011); ISBN 978-0-19-975753-4 Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


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Septuaginta

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Septuaginta

Hyam MacCoby.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

The Mythmaker: Paul and the Invention of Christianity; 238 pages, Barnes & Noble Books (1998); ISBN 978-0-7607-0787-6 Public Links — Comprehensive site with scholarly discussion and links to texts and translations Texts and translations The Old Testament, by Nicholas King, in four volumes .


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Kevin Mayhew Publishers.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Analytical Translation of The Old Testament (Septuagint), by Gary F. Zeolla, 4 volumes with fifth and final volume on the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books to be published in 2015 by LuLu Publishers.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

A complete work with literal word for word translation.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

LXX finder, listing dozens of editions, both print and digital, in various languages and formats.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

A good place to start.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Greek text (full polytonic unicode version) and English translation side by side.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Greek text as used by the Orthodox Churches. (advanced research tool) — contains Septuagint texts (with diacritics) side-by-side with English translations in MS Word document form.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Introduction and book abbreviations in Latin.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Not free,. from the Septuagint (LXX) and the Official Greek New Testament text of the Ecumenical Patriarch.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

— The Septuagint with Apocrypha, translated from Greek to English by Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton and published in 1885, with some language updates by Michael Paul Johnson in 2012 (American English) LXX and New Testament Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. by John Salza Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who is Philocrates?

Septuaginta

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. — by Edward William Grinfield Category:Hellenism and Christianity Category:Christian Bible Canons Category:Controversies related to Judaism Category:Early Versions of the Bible Category:Bible Versions and translations Category:Greek Bible


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II () was a king of the Yogyakarta Sultanate who reigned for three periods, namely 1792 - 1810, 1811 - 1812, and 1826 - 1828. [1]


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

In the second and third reigns he was known by the nickname Sultan Sepuh. [2]


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

History of Youth His real name was Gusti Raden Mas Sundara, fifth son of Sultan Hamengkubuwana I of Gusti Kangjeng's consort Ratu Hageng.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

He was born on 7 March 1750 while his father was still named Prince Mangkubumi and staged a rebellion against Surakarta and the VOC.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

When the sovereignty of Hamengkubuwana I received recognition in the Giyanti treaty of 1755, Mas Sundara was also recognized as the duke of anom.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

In 1774 (or Javanese year 1700), there was unease among the Sultanate of Yogyakarta and Kasunanan Surakarta due to the myth of the end of the century, that there would be a crumbling empire.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

On that occasion, Mas Sundara wrote the book of Suryaraja which contains a prophecy that the myth of the end of the century will fall because Surakarta and Yogyakarta will be united under his rule.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

The manuscript until now is regarded as one of the heirlooms of Yogyakarta Palace, with the name Kangjeng Kyai Suryaraja.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

First Period reign Mas Sundara ascended the throne in the Yogyakarta Sultanate as Hamengkubuwana II in March 1792.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

He is a king full of ideals.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

On 19 August 1799, Patih Danureja I, the first patih and closest person of his father and Sultan Hamengkubuwana II himself, died, succeeding his grandson, Raden Tumenggung Mertanegara, who held the title Danureja II.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

This decision would later cost the Sultan himself, because Danureja II defended the Netherlands more than his king, so he had time to anger the Sultan and dismiss him.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Hamengkubuwana II himself from the beginning was anti-anti-Dutch.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

He even knew that the VOC was in a state of bankruptcy and dilapidation.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

The organization was eventually dissolved by the Dutch state government late in 1799.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Since 1808 who became governor-general of the Dutch East Indies (replacement for the VOC governor-general was Herman Daendels who was anti-feudalism.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

He implemented new rules about the supposed attitude of Javanese kings towards ministers (a new term for residents of Daendels creation).


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

The Sultan rejected this rule as it was considered degrading his degree, whereas Pakubuwana IV accepted with a hidden tactic, namely the hope that the Dutch would help Surakarta conquer Yogyakarta.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Hamengkubuwana II was also in conjunction with Patih Danureja II close to the Netherlands.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

He sacked Danureja II and replaced him with Prince Natadiningrat, son of Prince Natakusuma (Hamengkubuwana II's younger brother).


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Then Hamengkubuwana II also mentioned the rebellion of his son-in-law, namely Raden Ranga Prawiradirjo III, the regent of Madiun wedana who opposed his summoning to Bogor due to cases of riots in Ngebel and Sekedok, relating to the forceful surrender of the Sultanate forest management rights by Daendels.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

The Dutch eventually overcame the Raden Ronggo rebellion with a joint force between the Dutch, Surakarta, and Yogyakarta.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Daendels increasingly suspect the role of Hamengkubuwana II behind the Raden Rangga movement, especially from the letter taken as evidence from the body of Raden Rangga, there is a stamp bearing the logo of the sultanate.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

This caused an uproar between the two parties.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Sultan Bright alone rejected the charge, because the daily stamp of the sultanate was in the office of patih.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

In December 1810, Herman Daendels stormed Yogyakarta, dethroned Hamengkubuwana II, and replaced him with his son, GRM Suraja, as Sultan Hamengkubuwana III, capturing Princes Natakusuma and Natadiningrat, as well as restoring the position of Patih Danureja II.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Second Period rule In 1811 Dutch rule over Java and the archipelago was captured by the British.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

This utilized Hamengkubuwana II to again become king, and dethroned Hamengkubuwana III as crown prince again.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Not only that, the Sultan also took the initiative to get rid of Danureja II which was considered the culprit of the problems faced by the Sultan with Daendels.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

September 1811, Danureja II was assassinated in front of Sitihinggil by order of the Sultan when about to attend a meeting at the palace.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Hamengkubuwana II's attitude towards the British was as bad as towards the Dutch.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Especially in his son, Mas Suraja, Sultan's attitude is arguably very harsh, considering that his son is considered to be a role in removing himself from the throne of the sultanate in 1810.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

The massive purge that Sultan carried out afterwards, even barely threatened the life safety of the crown prince.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

With the British, it was recorded almost a bloodbath between Raffles messengers and relatives of the palace in front of the Sultan, only as a result of the seat for Raffles placed lower than the Sultan's throne, as the British lieutenant governor was about to visit Yogyakarta in December 1811.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Pakubuwana IV in Surakarta pretended to support Hamengkubuwana II in order to dare to fight the British.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

These letters between the two kings were dismantled by the British.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

So, on 19 June 1812, British forces assisted by Mangkunegaran stormed Yogyakarta.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

There was a great war that ended in the defeat of the sultanate.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Hamengkubuwana II was captured and banished to the island of Penang, while Pakubuwana IV was deprived of part of his territory.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Hamengkubuwana III was again appointed king of Yogyakarta.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Prince Natakusuma who supported the British, by Thomas Raffles was appointed as Pakualam I and got a sovereign territory named Pakualaman.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Third Period reign In 1825 there was a rebellion of Prince Diponegoro (son of Hamengkubuwana III) against the Dutch (who returned to power since 1816).


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

At that time the king enthroned in Yogyakarta was Hamengkubuwana V, where he was enthroned to succeed his father in 1823 at the age of 3.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

The rebellion of Prince Diponegoro greatly received support from the people.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

The Dutch East Indies government tried to take the sympathy of the people by bringing in Hamengkubuwana II who had once been banished by the British.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Hamengkubuwana II was again enthroned on 18 August 1826, whereas Hamengkubuwana V was somewhat eliminated by the Dutch.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

The arrival of the Sultan as ruler of Yogyakarta proved to do little to weaken Diponegoro's power, given his popularity while still in office before being banished to Penang in 1812.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

In that time, the Sultan tried hard to bring order and restore security in his territory, although constrained by Dutch demands in order to quell the Diponegoro War.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Several important figures of the palace were successfully persuaded home to Yogyakarta, but nevertheless, the Sultan himself never intended seriously to persuade Diponegoro and Prince Mangkubumi, his son, to stop the resistance.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

The Dutch suspected this action of the Sultan as a veiled support to Diponegoro's resistance.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

The elderly Sultan Hamengkubuwana II (and called as Sinuhun Sepuh), finally mangkat on 3 January 1828 after suffering from sore throat and the result of old age.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Reigns were again held by his great-grandson, Hamengkubuwana V. Marihandono, Djoko, and Harto Juwono. 2008.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Sultan Hamengku Buwono II Defender of Javanese Tradition and Power.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Yogyakarta: Banjar Aji Soekanto, Dr.. 1952.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Around Jogjakarta.


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Djakarta: Mahabarata Footnotes |-!


Question: What was the age of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II when he first took office?

Hamengkubuwana II

Regnal titles Category:Yogyakarta figures Category:Sultan of Yogyakarta Category:Javanese Figures


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Kaesong (Gaeseong) is a town in North Hwanghae Province, southern part of North Korea.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Previously, it was a Directly Leaded City as well as the capital of Korea during the Taebong kingdom and Goryeo kingdoms thereafter.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The town is located close to the Kaesong Industrial Area and close to South Korea.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In this city also lies the ruins of Manwoldae Palace.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

When it became the capital of Goryeo, it was named Songdo.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Once a trade center for Korean ginseng production, now Kaesong city is the center of North Korea's light industry.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

During the Japanese colonization of Korea in 1910—1945, the city was known for its Japanese mention, Kaijō.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Due to its close proximity to the state boundary with South Korea, the city is the center of the two countries' interboundary economic exchange.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In addition, the Kaesong Industrial Area is also jointly led by the two countries.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

As of 2009, the town had a population of 192,578 inhabitants.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

History In the Kaesong area, signs of human occupation can be traced to Neolithic times.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Artifacts such as Jeulmun kriya, stone objects as well as stone axes have been found from Osongsan and Kaesong Nasong, two double-walled fortresses located in Kaesong.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

As Kaesong has alternated countries over the centuries, its name has changed.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Kaesong lies within the Mahan confederation; during Goguryeo's rule, the city was referred to as Busogap.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Before the power of the Baekje kingdom was finally successfully retreated to the northwest of Jungnyeong, Mungyeong Saejae and Asan Bay in 475, the area was part of the Baekje kingdom.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In 555, the 16th year of the leadership of King Jinheung of Silla, the city came under the rule of the Silla kingdom.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

During this time, the name was changed to Song'ak-gun.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

According to Samguk Sagi, when a fort was built in 694 in the third year of the regime of King Hyoso of Silla, Kaesong was referred to as “Song'ak (;)”.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

It can be assumed that the name Song'ak had been used prior to the mention.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Goryeo Kingdom of Silla began to retreat in the late 9th century and a period of inter-leader warfare began.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In 898, Kaesong fell into the hands of Gung Ye, the initiator of the not long-lived Taebong kingdom.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Later, the city fell into the hands of Goryeo in 919, by Wang Geon, who was named to the throne Taejo of Goryeo.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Taejo established his capital south of Song'ak city, later incorporating Kaesong into Song'ak county under the name “Gaeju”.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In 919, Kaesong became the capital of the kingdom of Goryeo.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In 960, the 11th year of the leadership of king Gwangjong of Goryeo, the city was named after Gaegyeong; and in 995, the 14th year of the leadership of king Seonjong of Goryeo, the city was again renamed “Gaesong-bu”.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Gaesong-bu is a combined term of Song'ak-gun and Gaesong-gun, as distinct from the pre-1945 area, Gaesong-ri, Seo-myeon, and Kaepung-gun.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In 1010, the first year of the leadership of king Hyeonjong of Goryeo, the city's palaces and houses nearly burned down in the second conflict of the Goryeo-Khitan War.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Thus, in 1018, Gaesong-bu was incorporated into the “bu” system and led three units of hyeon, Jeongju, Deoksu, and Gangeum.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In the late 12th century, the governance and borders of the Korean kingdoms were unstable.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

A slave named Manjok (or Manjeok) led another group of slaves who gathered outside Kaesong in 1198.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The plot for this revolution was successfully resisted by Choe Chung-heon.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

When Yi Songgye successfully razed Goryeo in 1392 and established the Joseon kingdom under his leadership as Taejo of Joseon, he moved the capital from Kaesong to Hanyang (site of modern city Seoul) in 1394.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The 20th century onwards Until the Korean War, Kaesong was within Gyeonggi Province.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

After World War II, Korea was separated according to 38 degrees north latitude.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Actually, Kaesong is south of that line (inside South Korea).


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

However, the battle of Kaesong-Munsan was successfully won by the Korean People's Army (TPK) in the first days of the war.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The city was then retaken by United Nations Forces on 9 October 1950 while pursuing the TPK, after the Inchon landings were successfully implemented.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

UN troops then left the city on 16 December 1950 as they had to return to the Imjin river area following the intervention of the Chinese People's Voluntary Army.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Kaesong was then under the control of China/North Korea until the end of the war.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Armistice negotiations were conducted at Kaesong on 10 July 1951, but were transferred to Panmunjom on 25 October 1951.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The Korean Armistice Agreement, signed on July 27, 1953, recognized North Korea's control of Kaesong.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Kaesong became the only city to change positions from South Korea to the North as a result of the war.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Postwar Kaesong as well as parts of Kyonggi Province that North Korea managed to seize, were later incorporated into “Kaesong Region” (Kaesŏng Chigu;).


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In 1955, the town of Kaesong became a “Directly Leaded City” (Kaesŏng Chikhalsi;).


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In 2002, the Kaesong Industrial Area was built in part of Kaesong county.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In 2003, the rest of the Kaesong area (apart from the Industrial Area) was entered into North Hwanghae Province.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The city is close to the Korean Demilitarized Zone that demarcates North and South Korea.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The left geography|JMPL|Mountains in Kaesong Kaesong are located right in the middle of the Korean Peninsula and is the southernmost city of North Korea.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

It borders Kaepung, Changpung, Panmun, and Kumchon.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Kanghwa Island, Incheon Munsipality, lies south of this town.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The area of the city is 1,309 square kilometers.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The city center is surrounded with Mount Songak (489 m) and Mount Pongmyong.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The city centre surrounds the smaller Mount Janam (103 m); above it lies the statue of Kim Il Sung that made the city an icon.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The north side of Kaesong borders the final end of the Ahobiryong Mountains.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

These mountains contain Mount Chonma (757 m), Songgo, Mount Myoji (764 m), Mount Suryong (716 m), Mount Chesok (749 m), Mount Hwajang (558 m), as well as Mount Ogwan.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Almost the entire area of Kaesong is low hills with a height of less than 100 meters.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The Imjin River is on the city's northeastern border line, and the Ryesong River (transliterated in South Korea as Yeseong-gang) flows on the west side until it reaches the Han River.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In addition to these two rivers, small and large rivers and streams such as the Samichon, Wolamchon, Chukbaechon, Kumsungch'on, as well as Sach'on rivers, come flowing into the Han river.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

There are large areas of plains near river basins in the southwestern part of Kaesong, such as Pungdokbol, Singwangbol, and Samsongbol.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Geographically, the Kaesong area contains three strata, namely Proterozoic, Cenozoic, as well as Paleozoic, as well as Mesozoic intrusive granite.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The underground of Kaesong contains gold, zinc, copper, fluorspar, limestone, granite, and kaolin.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The brown forest soils contained near the drainage areas of the Yesong, Imjin, and Han rivers, are alluvial and salina soils.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Kaesong's climate is outline warm and moderate.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Its annual average temperature is 10 degrees Celsius.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The coldest month is January, when its average temperature reaches -5.9 degrees Celsius.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The hottest month is August, with an average temperature of 24.7 degrees Celsius.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Average annual rainfall ranges from 1,300 to 1,400 millimeters.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The snowless duration of the Kaesong area is the longest in North Korea, which is 180 days.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

About 55% of Kaesong's area is forested (80% pine forest), with 40 species of mammals and 250 species of birds.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Administrative divisions Before 2002, Kaesong Directly Leaded City was divided into one city (downtown Kaesong) as well as three regions, namely Changpung Region, Changpung Region, and Panmunjom.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In 2003, P'anmun-gun and parts of Kaesong-si were separated from Kaesong Directly Leaded City and formed the Kaesong Industrial Area.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The remaining parts of Kaesong were later incorporated into North Hwanghae Province in 2002.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Now, Kaesong is divided into 24 districts known as Dong, as well as three villages called “ri”. [1]


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Culture The famous buildings of Koryo Songgyungwan University (Light Industry), Communist University, as well as Art University are located in Kaesong.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The Koryo Museum, formerly the city's Confucian academy, contains many art and cultural reliquaries from the Goryeo period (though most are replicas because the original ones are kept at the Korean Central History Museum in Pyongyang).


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

As the former capital of Goryeo, the tombs of the kings of Goryeo are located in this city, though mostly inaccessible.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The tomb of King Wanggon, the initiator of the Goryeo dynasty, was rebuilt on the west side of the city in Kaepung area.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The famous tombs of the king are Tomb of King Hyejong of Goryeo (Royal Tomb of Sollung), Tomb of King Gyeongjong of Goryeo (Yongrung Royal Tomb), Tomb of King Seongjong of Goryeo (Kangrung Royal Tomb), Tomb of King Hyeonjong of Goryeo (Royal Tomb of Sollung), Tomb of King Munjong of Goryeo (Kyongrung Royal Tomb), and Tomb of King Gongmin of Goryeo (Tomb of King Kongmin).


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The two Joseon royal tombs located in North Korea are also located in Kaesong; the two tombs are the Hurung Royal Tomb, which contains the second king of the Joseon dynasty, Jeongjong of Joseon; and the Cherung Royal Tomb, which contains the remains of Queen Sinui, the wife of the initiator of the Joseon dynasty, Yi Songgye.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Food culture in Kaesong is already very developed, given its history as the capital of Goryeo with a 500-year history of leadership.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The style of Kaesong cuisine is often compared to the style of Seoul and Jeolla food.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Kaesong cuisine was originally considered part of Gyeonggi cuisine, because until 1950, Kaesong was located within Gyeonggi province.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

However, Gyeonggi province later entered into South Korea, while Kaesong was located in North Korea.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Typical foods of Kaesong are bossam kimchi (kimchi wrap), pyeonsu, sinseollo, seolleongtang, chueotang, joraengi tteokguk, umegi, and gyeongdan.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The topography, climate, and soil economy of Kaesong, are excellent for agricultural production.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The city's water supply system consists of 18 reservoirs, including Songdo Reservoir, built for the agricultural industry; as well as 150 pump points and hundreds of dammed ponds.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

About 27% of Kaesong's area is agricultural land.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The main production is rice, corn, soybeans, wheat, and barley.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Rice production is the largest, which is 60% of all grain production; the two largest rice producing areas are Kaepung and Panmun, which supply more than 70% of rice production.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In addition, plantations of vegetables and fruits, including pomegranates, apples, and persimmon, are also active.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Animal husbandry and silk production were also active in the area.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Pomegranate, especially white pomegranate, is a fruit produced heavily by Kaesong; about 25% of the total fruit production.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Both Kaepung-gun and Panmun-gun areas are also known as quality Korean ginseng producer areas called Goryeo Insam.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Kaesong is North Korea's light industry center.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In the urban district of Kaesong there is a jewelry process factory, ginseng process, and embroidery process.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Since the time of Goryeo, Kaesong was the center of the handicraft industry such as the Goryeo kriya.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The textile industry in the city newly developed as a major business, along with the production of daily foodstuffs and ginseng products, after the division of the two Koreas.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The second largest industry is the food processing industry, which mainly produces jang (a kind of sauce made with soy beans), oil, canned food, alcoholic beverages, soft drinks, and others.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In addition, resin, wood, kriya, shoes, school equipment, musical instruments, and glass, were produced by this area.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Kaesong has factories producing agricultural machinery and tractor repairs.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Since 2002, the headquarters of the Central Bank of North Korea is also located in Kaesong.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The bank has branches in both Kaepung and Panmun areas.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

North and South Korea jointly run an industrial complex in the Kaesong Industrial Area.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The industrial area was built in 2005 and employs more than 53,400 North Koreans on 120 South Korean-owned textile factories and other objects.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

As of early 2013, about 887 South Koreans worked in this industrial area.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The industrial area produced $430 million worth of goods in 2013 and employs 1/6 of Kaesong's residents.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The industrial estate was closed following a number of upheavals in 2013.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Closed again in 2016.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

JMPL|The small streets of Kaesong Kaesong are the main destination for foreign travelers to North Korea, and one of only two locations in North Korea accessible from the South.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Many of Goryeo's heritage sites are located in Kaesong, such as Namdaemun Kaesong Gate, Songgyungwan Confucian Academy (now Koryo Museum), Sonjuk Bridge, and Pyochung Pavilion.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Some other not so well known sites are the Kwandok Pavilion, the ruins of the Manwoldae Palace of Goryeo relics, the Anhwa Temple, the Sungyang Room, the Mokchong Room, and the Kaesong Chomsongdae observatory ().


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In the west of the city are the tombs of the kings of Kongmin and Wanggon; twenty-four kilometers north of Kaesong lies Taehungsan Fort, a Koguryo fortress built to protect Pyongyang.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Inside the fort are two temples, namely Kwanum Temple and Taehung Temple.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The famous Pakyon Falls is also located in Kaesong.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In addition, there is also a large Buddha statue dating back to the Goryeo period, sculpted on the side of Mount Chonma.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Most tourists who land in Kaesong are placed in the Kaesong People's Hotel, inside 19 traditional hanok houses.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Education in Kaesong Sungkyunkwan located one kilometer north of the Seonjukgyo bridge, is a traditional educational institution in Kaesong.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The institution was built in Gukja-dong, in 992, under the leadership of King Seongjong of Goryeo.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

This institution lambasted Korean Confucianism.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Under the leadership of King Chungnyeol of Goryeo, the name was later changed to Gukhak (;) and called with Seonggyungwan.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In 1367, the 16th year of the regime of King Gongmin of Goryeo, the structure of this institution was changed; Yi Saek and Jeong Mong-ju, two Confucianist scholars, later taught there as lecturers.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In 1592 in the 25th year of the regime of Seonjo of Joseon, Kim Yuk rebuilt this institution, which was destroyed after the Japanese built in the Japanese Invasion of Korea (1592—1598).


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The first modern school to appear in Kaesong was the Hanyeong Seowon (), or Anglo-Korean School, founded by Yun Chi-ho in 1906 with the help of American missionaries named Mr. Wasson and Mr. Candler.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

From the Governor-General of Korea, the school was licensed as Songdo High School in 1917.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Later, in 1950, it evolved into the Songdo School Foundation and established Songdo Junior High School and Songdo School of Pharmacy.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

This pharmacy school then graduated 40 scholars.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

However, when the Korean War erupted, the foundation was moved to Incheon following Songdo High School and Junior High School which still exist from 1953 to the present day.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

In 2002, in Kaesong there were 80 public elementary schools spread over each village, 60 junior high schools, 3 academies and 3 universities, such as Songdo Political University, Kaesong University of Education, as well as Kaesong Communist University.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Kaesong transport is connected to Pyongyang and other cities by rail lines and expressways.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

The city's main railway station is Kaesong Station which is part of the Pyongbu Line.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Sister city of Cusco (1990) Kathmandu (1992) Balti Ryazan People born in Kaesong Uicheon (1055—1191), initiator of Buddhist sect Cheontae Choe Chung-hon (1149—1219), Korean military leader at the time of Goryeo Choe U (died 1249), general of Goryeo, son of Choe Chung-hon Hwang (1363—1452), Joseon prime minister Hwang Jin-i (1515—1550), Kisaeng and famous poet K. W. Lee (1928—), Korean-American print journalist Won Pyong Oh (1926—), South Korean veterinarian Chin Byung Ho (1909—1972), dean of Seoul National University Medical School of Further Reading Reference Dormels, Rainer.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

North Korea's Cities: Industrial facilities, internal structures and typification.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

Jimoondang, 2014.


Question: Where is Songdo located?

Kaesong

ISBN 978-89-6297-167-5 Outside links [investgic.org/main.do Gaeseong Industrial District Foundation Foreign Investment Support Center] Category:Cities in North Hwanghae


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Gorillas are the largest type of primate.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Gorilla food consists of vegetables, although they also sometimes eat insects.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Therefore gorillas can be classed as omnivorous beasts.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Gorillas come from tropical forests in Africa. 97-98% of gorilla DNA is identical to human DNA.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Gorillas are a species second only to chimpanzees that are closest to humans.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

There are two species in the gorilla genus, namely eastern gorilla (eastern gorilla) and western gorilla (western gorilla).


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Characteristic Compared to the shape of the human body, the gorilla has long hands and legs, where the hands are longer than the legs.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

The gorilla's chest is large and most of its body is hairy, except for fingers, face, armpits, soles and palms.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

The gorilla's head is large, its eyes are small and brownish in color.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Gorillas don't have tails.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Each gorilla tail has a unique nose, like a human with a unique fingerprint.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

The teeth of adult gorillas number 32.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Panca gorilla senses almost similar to humans.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

The body of a male gorilla is almost twice as large as that of a female gorilla.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Gorillas mostly eat herbs.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Every day the gorilla needs about 25 kilograms of food consisting of leaves, flowers, grains, stems and stalks of trees, and flower buds.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Occasionally, gorillas also eat ants and a type of termite.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Because it gets enough liquid from its diet, gorillas drink very rarely.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Gorillas are animals that have a high level of cleverness.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Some investigations suggest that the gorillas could communicate using password-language.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Examples are the gorillas Koko and Michael.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Gorillas are shy and social beasts.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Gorillas typically live within families comprising dar 6 to 7 gorillas.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

A family of gorillas consists of a dominant gorilla (often also called 'silverback' gorilla, due to its silvery back), two or more female gorillas and the rest gorilla pups.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

When a gorilla is an adult, they usually go to find another family of gorillas.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Every night before going to bed, gorillas make a bed nest consisting of leaves, stalks, or grass.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Scientists who study gorillas easily can surmise the number of members of the gorilla family by counting the number of bed nests.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Gorillas can live up to 50 years in zoos.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

In the wild, gorillas usually reach over 35 years.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Gorillas can perform reproduction when they are 10—12 years old.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

A female gorilla contains about 8 to 9.5 months and can give birth to three gorillas during her lifetime.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Baby gorillas can crawl at about 2 months old and can walk at 9 months (much earlier than human babies).


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Threat of Extinction Scientists estimate there live about 50,000 gorillas in the African wild.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

A large part of this number are western plains gorillas.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

The eastern plains gorillas live only about 2,500.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

The mountain gorillas number 600 dogs and are in threat of extinction.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

See also Gorilla Koko Gorilla Michael Dian Fossey Extinction Threatened Species Outlink Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

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Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

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Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

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Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas


Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

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Question: Do orangutans have fingerprints?

Gorillas

Category:African Primates Category:African Megafauna Category:Gorilla Category:African Fauna Category:African Mammals


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

There are more than 300 ethnic groups or tribes in Indonesia, [1] or precisely 1,340 tribes according to the census of BPS in 2010. [2]


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

The Javanese are the largest tribal group in Indonesia with numbers reaching 41% of the total population.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Javanese people mostly gather on the island of Java, but millions of people have transmigrated and dispersed to various islands in the archipelago [3] even migrated abroad such as to Malaysia and Suriname.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Sundanese, Batak Tribe, and Madura Tribe are the next largest groups in the country. [4]


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Many remote tribes, especially in Borneo and Papua, have small populations of only hundreds.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Most of the regional languages fall into the Austronesian language group, however, a large number of tribes in Papua belong to the Papuan or Melanesian language groups.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

The division of tribal groups in Indonesia is not absolute and unclear due to population displacement, cultural mix, and influence each other; for example some parties argue Cirebon people are a tribe with a special dialect, while others argue that the Cirebon people are their own tribe with a special dialect, while other parties argue that the people of Cirebon that they are merely subetniks of the Javanese tribe as a whole.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Similarly the Baduy tribe and the Banten tribe who while parties consider them as part of the whole Sundanese tribe.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Another example of mixing tribes is the Betawi tribe which is the result of mixing various tribes from the archipelago and Chinese and Arabs who came and lived in Batavia during the colonial era.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

The proportion of the population of the number of tribes in Indonesia according to the 2010 census as follows: [5] Small groups Various regions in Indonesia have indigenous tribes or indigenous tribes inhabiting their ancestral lands since time immemorial.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

However, because of the flow of population displacement driven by the culture of the rampant, or the transmigration program initiated by the government, many places in Indonesia are inhabited by tribes who live outside their traditional tribal areas.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Some tribes according to the island of Java: Javanese Tribe [including Bawean Tribe, Tengger Tribe, Osing Tribe and others], Sundanese Tribe [including Baduy Tribe], Banten Tribe, Cirebon Tribe, Betawi Tribe, Arab Tribe, Chinese Tribe, and Madura Indian Tribe: Sumatran Madura Tribe: Malay Tribe, Batak Tribe consisting 8 Tribe, Minangkabau Tribe, Aceh Tribe, Lampung Tribe, and Kubu Kalimantan: Dayak tribe consisting 268 tribes, Banjar tribe, Kutai tribe, Berau tribe, Sulawesi Bajau tribe: Makassar tribe, Bugis tribe, Mandar tribe, Tolaki tribe, Minahasa tribe consisting of 8 tribes, Gorontalo tribe, Tribe Toraja Lesser Sunda Islands: Balinese Tribe, Sasak Tribe, Flores Tribe, Sumba Tribe, Sumbawa Tribe, Timor Maluku Tribe: Ambon Tribe, Nuaulu Tribe, Manusela Tribe, Wemale Tribe, Tanimbar tribe Papua - Papuan tribe consists of 466 tribes among them: Dani Tribe, Bauzi Tribe, Asmat Tribe Dutch East Indies A small number of Indians, Arabs, and Chinese have come and inhabited several places in the archipelago since time immemorial in ancient royal times.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

However, the wave of immigration grew rapidly during the colonial period.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Formed a group of tribal peoples who mainly live in urban areas and formed during the colonial Dutch East Indies, which are classified as foreign Eastern groups; such as Chinese, Arab, and Indian descent; as well as Indo or Eurasian peoples, namely a mix of Indonesian and European people.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Residents of colonial Indo descent were diminished in Indonesia due to World War II and the Indonesian Independence Revolution.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Most emigrate or repatriate abroad such as to the Netherlands or another country.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

The most significant minority of Chinese people — The most significant ethnic ethnic minority in Indonesia is this ethnicity.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

The Chinese began to inhabit Indonesia since the 15th century with significant waves in the 18th and 19th centuries.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Most Chinese are concentrated in an area named 'Chinatown' (Chinatown) in several Indonesian provinces such as Jakarta, North Sumatra, Central Java, East Java, Riau Islands, and West Kalimantan.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Arab — Historically, the arrival of Arabs in Indonesia to spread the religion of Islam.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Many are assimilated to local ethnicities such as Betawi, Malay, Acehnese, Minangkabau, Javanese, and Sundanese; however, some cities in Indonesia have significant Arab populations preserving their culture and identity, referred to as 'Kampung Arabs'.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

This area is spread throughout cities in Indonesia, significant numbers can be found in Medan, Banda Aceh, Padang, Jakarta, Semarang, Surabaya, Gresik, Banyuwangi, and many other coastal cities in Indonesia.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

India — Indians have also settled in Indonesia (mainly Tamil and Punjabi); however, not as large as Chinese and Arabs.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Concentrated in urban centers with significant numbers, such as Pasar Baru in Jakarta and Kampung Keling (now Kampung Madras) in Medan.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

This significant area of India was named 'Little India'.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Indo — From mixed ancestry between ethnicity in Indonesia with European ancestry (mainly Dutch), they emerged during the Hindian-Dutch period.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

During the colonial period, their numbers were larger, but since Indonesian independence, most of them chose to go to the Netherlands.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Indo people dwindled in number as an ethnic group since the great emigration from Indonesia after World War II.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Pakistani — This ethnicity is also known as Khoja, Koja, Kujo, and Tambol.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Koja people generally come from Cutch, Kathiawar, and Gujarat areas, India who are Islamic, but they prefer Pakistan rather than India due to religious factors.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

They came from the Knights caste.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

In the beginning, the Pakistanis went to Indonesia for the purposes of trading and spreading Islam, but over time it was at home and chose to live and family in Indonesia.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

In Indonesia a significant area of ethnic Pakistanis is named 'Pekojan'.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Japanese — Japanese have migrated to Indonesia since the days of Hindian-Dutch colonization; however, after their defeat in World War II, their numbers declined, leaving a small number of former Japanese soldiers still living in Indonesia and becoming Indonesian citizens.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

The recent development of the Japanese population in Indonesia has been driven by an increase in Japanese business and investment in Indonesia since the 1970s and most are expatriates who still retain their Japanese citizenship.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

A large number of Japanese expatriates live in Indonesia, especially in Jakarta and Bali.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Korea — The existence of Koreans in Indonesia has actually lasted quite a long time.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

There is one of the main figures of the Indonesian independence movement, is Komarudin (Korean name: Yang Chil-seong; Korean:; Hanja:) who is ethnic Korean.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

However, they are the newest ethnic group in Indonesia.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Most are driven by increased Korean business and investment in Indonesia and most are expatriates who still retain their Korean citizenship.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

Ethnic Koreans are concentrated in a region named 'Koreatown' in some areas in Indonesia such as Jakarta.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

See also Demographics Indonesia List of tribes in Indonesia List of tribes in Indonesia by province Reference Links outside Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the population of Batak tribe in indonesia?

Tribes in Indonesia

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Question: When was Lambertus Nicodemus Palar born?

L. N. Palar

Lambertus Nicodemus Palar () [1]. also known as Babe Palar served as the representative of the Republic of Indonesia in several diplomat positions including as Indonesian Representative at the United Nations (UN).


Question: When was Lambertus Nicodemus Palar born?

L. N. Palar

He also served as Indonesian Ambassador to India, East Germany, the Soviet Union, Canada, and the United States.


Question: When was Lambertus Nicodemus Palar born?

L. N. Palar

His father was named Gerrit Palar - a schoolmaster and his mother was named Jacoba Lumanauw.


Question: When was Lambertus Nicodemus Palar born?

L. N. Palar

He was awarded the title of National Hero by the President of the Republic of Indonesia on November 8, 2013 Palar's early life and education entered Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO) school in Tondano.


Question: When was Lambertus Nicodemus Palar born?

L. N. Palar

He then entered Algemeene Middelbare School (AMS) in Yogyakarta, and lived with Sam Ratulangi.


Question: When was Lambertus Nicodemus Palar born?

L. N. Palar

It was at this AMS that he first became acquainted with nationalist politics and ideas and became a member of the nationalist youth organization Jong Minahasa [1].


Question: When was Lambertus Nicodemus Palar born?

L. N. Palar

After graduating AMS in 1922, Palar passed to his higher education level at Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng, now known as Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) for about one year.


Question: When was Lambertus Nicodemus Palar born?

L. N. Palar

At this campus, Palar met with Sukarno and other nationalist students and was active in organizing nationalist meetings and speeches.


Question: When was Lambertus Nicodemus Palar born?

L. N. Palar

Being stricken with severe pain, Palar was almost a year bedridden and forced to stop his lectures and return to Minahasa.


Question: When was Lambertus Nicodemus Palar born?

L. N. Palar

After his recovery he worked briefly at Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij (KPM). [1]


Question: When was Lambertus Nicodemus Palar born?

L. N. Palar

In 1924 Palar restarted his lectures at Rechtshoogeschool te Batavia (College of Law in Jakarta, the forerunner of the Faculty of Law UI).


Question: When was Lambertus Nicodemus Palar born?

L. N. Palar

There he joined socialist-democrats through a member of the Volksraad, J. E. Stokvis, Chairman of the Indische Sociaal-Democratische Partij (ISDP - Socialist-Democratic Party of the Indies).


Question: When was Lambertus Nicodemus Palar born?

L. N. Palar

After the 1926 failed communist uprisings in Java and Sumatra, the Dutch East Indies government took repressive measures including deportation to Boven Digoel.


Question: When was Lambertus Nicodemus Palar born?

L. N. Palar

Seeing the conditions, Palar's family sought refuge elsewhere.


Question: When was Lambertus Nicodemus Palar born?

L. N. Palar

In 1928, Palar moved to the Netherlands [1].


Question: When was Lambertus Nicodemus Palar born?

L. N. Palar

On 4 August 1928 Palar departed Batavia bound for Rotterdam, Netherlands with the ship “Tabanan” which arrived at its destination in September 1928. [2]