Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

In February 1610, Salisbury proposed a scheme, known as the Grand Contract, under which Parliament, in exchange for ten royal concessions, would grant a crippled sum of £600,000 to pay off the king's debts plus an annual grant of £200,000. [96]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

The ensuing savage negotiations became so protracted that James eventually lost his temper and sacked Parliament on 31 December 1610.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

“Your greatest mistake,” he told Salisbury, “had you ever wished to remove honey from the bile”. [97]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

The same pattern was repeated with the so-called “Addled Parliament” of 1614, which James dissolved after only nine weeks when the Commons hesitated to give him the money he needed. [98]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

James then ruled without parliament until 1621, employing officials such as the merchant Lionel Cranfield, who was shrewd in raising and keeping money for the crown, and selling baronetcies and other dignities, many created for the purpose, as alternative sources of income. [ 99]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Spanish spouses Another potential source of income is the prospect of a Spanish dowry from the marriage between Charles, Prince of Wales, and Infanta Maria Anna of Spain. [100]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Spain's matchmaking policy, as it was called, was also of interest to James as a way to maintain peace with Sapnyol and avoid the additional costs of war. [101]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Peace can be maintained as effectively by keeping negotiations alive as by perfecting the match — which could explain why James was in negotiations for nearly a decade.. [102]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

This policy was supported by Howards and other Catholic ministers and diplomats — together known as the Spanish Party — but was deeply distrusted in British Protestantism.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

When Sir Walter Raleigh was released from prison in 1616, he began a gold hunt in South America with strict instructions from James not to engage the Spanish. [103]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

The Raleigh expedition was a disastrous failure, and his son, Walter, was killed for fighting the Spanish. [104] [105] James's policies were further threatened by the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War, especially after his Protestant son-in-law, Friedrich V, was ousted from Bohemia by the Catholic Emperor Ferdinand II in 1620, and Spanish troops simultaneously stormed the territory of Friedrich's house in Rheinland.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Matters came to a head when James finally called Parliament in 1621 to fund a military expedition to support his son-in-law. [106]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

The Commons on the one hand provided inadequate subsidies to finance serious military operations in Friedrich's relief, [107] and on the other—given the profits gained under Elizabeth by sea strikes on Spanish gold shipments—calling for direct war against Spain.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

In November 1621, awakened by Sir Edward Coke, they framed a petition asking not only for war with Spain but also for Prince Charles to marry a Protestant woman, and for the enforcement of anti-Catholic laws. [108]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

James flatly told them not to interfere in matters of royal privilege or they would receive punishment, [109] which provoked them to issue a statement protesting their rights, including freedom of speech. [110]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Urged on by the Duke of Buckingham and the Spanish ambassador Gondomar, James tore the protest out of the record books and dissolved Parliament. [111]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Early in 1623, Prince Charles, now 22 years old, and Buckingham decided to take the initiative and travel incognito to Spain, to win the infanta outright, but the mission proved to be an ineffective mistake. [112]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

The Infanta resented Charles, and the Spanish confronted them with terms that included the repeal of anti-Catholic legislation by Parliament.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Although the treaty was signed, the prince and dukes returned to England in October without infanta and soon abandoned the treaty, much to the delight of the English people. [113]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Disappointed by the visit to Spain, Charles and Buckingham now turned James's Spanish policy on its head and called for French matchmaking and war against the Habsburg empire. [114]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

To raise the necessary finances, they prevailed upon James to summon another Parliament, which met in February 1624.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

For once, the outpouring of anti-Catholic sentiment in the Commons was echoed at court, where the reins of policy shifted from James to Charles and Buckingham, [115] who pressured the king to declare war and engineered Lord High Treasurer Lionel Cranfield, now to have become Earl of Middlesex, when he opposed the plan on cost grounds. [116]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

The outcome of the 1624 Parliament was ambiguous: James still refused to declare or fund the war, but Charles believed that the Commons had committed itself to finance the war against Spain, an attitude that contributed to his problems with Parliament in his own government. [ 117]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

The King and the Church After the Gunpowder Plot, James gave harsh sanctions to control unconforming English Catholics.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

In May 1606, Parliament passed a law of renunciation of the Pope, which could require any citizen to take an oath of allegiance denying the Pope's authority over the monarch. [118]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

James was conciliatory towards Catholics who took the Oath of Allegiance, [119] and tolerated crypto-Catholicism in the court. [lower-alpha 10] Henry Howard, for example, was a crypto-Catholic, who was readmitted to the Catholic Church in his final months. [120]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

On ascending the English throne, James was suspicious that he might need the support of Catholics in England, so he assured the Earl of Northumberland, a prominent old religious sympathizer, that he would not persecute “anything that will be silent and give, but an outward obedience to the law”. [121]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

In the thousand-year petition of 1603, Puritan spirituans demanded the removal of confirmation, wedding rings, and the term “priest”, among other matters, and that the wearing of hats and Superpli be optional. [122]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

JJames was strict in enforcing conformity at first, sparking a sense of persecution among many Puritans; [123] but renunciation and suspension from life became increasingly rare as the reign continued. [124]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

As a result of the Hampton Palace Conference in 1604, new translations and compilations of approved books of the Bible were commissioned to resolve differences among the different translations then used.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

The King James Version of the Bible, as it is known, was completed in 1611 and is considered a work of Yakobean prose. [125]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

It is still widely used. [126]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

In Scotland, James attempted to bring the Scottish Kirk “so close as soon as possible” to the English church and re-establish Episcopalians, a policy which met with strong opposition from the presbyterian. [lower-alpha 11] James returned to Scotland in 1617 for the only time after his accession in England, in the hope of implementing Anglican rituals.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

James's bishops imposed five of his articles on Perth through the General Assembly the following year, but the decision was widely rejected. [128]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

James left the church in Scotland divided on his death, the source of future problems for his son. [129]}}


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

James's Sexuality Favorites


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Throughout his life, James had close relationships with men, which has caused debate among historians about their natural nature. [130]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

After her accession in England, her conciliatory and scholarly attitude contrasted with Elizabeth's Bellicose and flirtatious behavior, [130] as shown by the contemporary epigram of Rex fuit Elizabeth, nunc est regina Iacobus (Elizabeth was King, now James was Queen). [131]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Some biographers of James conclude that Esmé Stewart (later Duke of Lennox), Robert Carr (later Earl Somerset), and George Villiers (later Duke of Buckingham) were her lovers. [132] [133] Sir John Oglander observed that she “had never seen a good husband make so much resentment towards his beautiful spouse because I had seen King James above his favourites, especially the Duke of Buckingham "[134] whom the King would, Sir Edward Peyton recalled, “fall in love and kiss as a mistress. “[135]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

The restoration of Apethorpe Palace undertaken in 2004—08 revealed an unknown previously passage linking the James and Villiers beds. [136]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Some biographers of James argue that the relationship was not sexual. [137]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Basilikon Doron James lists sodomy among crimes “bound in conscience not to be forgiven”, and James' wife Anna bore seven surviving children, as well as suffering two stillborn babies and at least three other miscarriages. [138]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

The contemporary Huguenot poet Théophile de Viau observed that “it is well known that the king of England/was allied with the Duke of Buckingham”. [139] [lower-alpha 12] Buckingham himself provides evidence that he slept in the same bed as the King, wrote James years later that he had pondering “do you love me now... better than at a time which I will never forget at Farnham, where the headboard is nowhere to be found between master and dog”. [141]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Buckingham's words can be interpreted as non-sexual, in the context of seventeenth-century palace life, [142] and remain ambiguous. [143]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

When Earl Salisbury died in 1612, he was little mourned by those jostling to fill the power vacuum. [lower-alpha 13] Until Salisbury's death, the Elizabethan administrative system he led continued to function with relative efficiency; from this time on, the James government entered a period of decline and ugliness. [145]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Salisbury's death gave James the idea of ruling personally as his Chief Minister, with his favourite Scottish young man, Robert Carr, carrying out many duties at Salisbury, but James' inability to attend closely to official business exposed the government to factionalism. [ 146]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Howard's party, consisting of Northampton, Suffolk, Suffolk's son-in-law Lord Knollys, and Charles Howard, Earl of Nottingham, along with Sir Thomas Lake, soon took control of most of the government and its patron.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Even the powerful Carr fell into the Howard camp, barely experienced over the responsibilities charged to him and often dependent on his familiar best friend Sir Thomas Overbury for assistance with government papers. [147] [148] Carr had a amorous relationship with Frances Howard, Comtesse Essex, daughter of the Earl of Suffolk, whom James assisted in guaranteeing the annulment of his marriage to free him of marriage to Carr. [lower-alpha 14] In summer 1615, however, it emerged that Overbury had been poisoned.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

He had died on 15 September 1613 in the Tower of London, where he had been placed at the request of the King. [150] [lower-alpha 15] Among those convicted of the murder were Frances and Robert Carr, the latter having been replaced as the king's favourite in the meantime by Villiers.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

James pardoned Frances and amended Carr's death sentence, eventually pardoning her in 1624. [153]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

The King's implications in such scandals provoked much public and literary conjecture and damaged the court of James with an image of corruption and depravity. [154]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

The subsequent fall of the Howards left Villiers unchallenged as the highest figure in government in 1619. [155]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Death After about the age of fifty, James suffered more than arthritis, pyrai and kidney stones. [156]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

He also lost his teeth and drank heavily. [157]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

The king was often terminally ill during the last year of his life, leaving an increasingly peripheral figure, rarely able to visit London, while Buckingham consolidated his authority over Charles to ensure his own future. [lower-alpha 16] One theory is that James may have suffered from Porphyria, a disease whose descendant George III of Great Britain showed few symptoms.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

James elaborated his urine to physician Théodore de Mayerne as “the dark red wrna of Alicante wine”. [161]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

This theory was dismissed by some experts, particularly in the case of James, because he had kidney stones that could cause blood in the urine, dyeing it red. [162]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

In early 1625, James was stricken by severe bouts of arthritis, gout, and fainting, and fell seriously ill in March with symptoms of tertian ague and then suffered a stroke.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

He died at Theobalds Palace on 27 March during a violent attack on dysentery, with Buckingham at his bedside. [lower-alpha 17] James' funeral on May 7 was a remarkable but irregular affair. [164]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Bishop John Williams of Lincoln preached, observing, “King Solomon died in Peace, when he lived about sixty years... and you know it was King James”.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

The sermon was later printed as Solomon of Great Britain [sic]. [165]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

James was buried in Westminster Abbey.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

The position of the tomb was lost for many years until its crate was discovered in the dome of Henry VII in the 19th century, during excavations. [166]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Relics Many are mourning for James.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

For all his shortcomings, he largely retained the affection of his subjects, who had enjoyed an unbroken peace and relatively low taxation during the Yakobean era.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

“When he lived in peace,” Earl Kellie said, “so did he die in peace, and I pray to the Lord our king [Charles I] may follow him”. [167]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

The earl prayed in vain: once in power, Charles and Buckingham agreed to a series of reckless military expeditions that ended in humiliating failure. [168]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

James often neglected government business to fill leisure, such as hunts; and his reliance on favourites in scandal-stricken palaces damaged the image of a revered monarchy carefully constructed by Elizabeth. [169]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Under James the Plantation of Ulster by English and Scottish Protestants began, and English colonization of North America began its journey with the founding of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607, [170] and Cuper's Cove, Newfoundland, in 1610.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

For the next 150 years, England would fight with Spain, the Netherlands, and France for control of the continent, while the religious division in Ireland between Protestants and Catholics had lasted for 400 years.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

By actively pursuing more than a personal Union of its territories, he helped lay the foundation for a United Kingdom's unitary state. [171]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

According to a tradition dating back to the anti-Stuart historians of the mid-17th century, James's sense of political absolutism, his financial powerlessness, and his arousal of unpopular favourites became cornerstones of the English Civil War.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

James bequeathed Charles a fatal belief in the divine Right of kings, combined with contempt of Parliament, culminating in Charles' execution and abolition of the monarchy.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Over the past three hundred years, the king's reputation has suffered from sour descriptions of him by Sir Anthony Weldon, whom James dismissed and who wrote a treatise on James in the 1650s. [172] Other influential anti-James histories written during the 1650s include: Sir Edward Peyton's Divine Catastrophe of the Kingly Family of the House of Stuarts (1652); Arthur Wilson's History of Great Britain, Being the Life and Reign of King James I (1658); and Francis Osborne's Historical Memoirs of the Reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James (1658). [173]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Biographer David Harris Willson in 1956 continued many of these feuds. [174]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

In the words of historicist Jenny Wormald, Willson's book is “an astonishing spectacle of a work whose every page declares its growing hatred of the author for its subject”. [175]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Because of Willson, however, the stability of James's reign in Scotland and in the early part of his English rule, as well as his relatively enlightened views on religion and war, have given him a re-evaluation from many historians, who have saved his reputation from the tradition of criticism this. [lower-alpha 18] Representative of a new historical perspective is a 2003 biography by Pauline Croft.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Reviewer John Cramsie summarized his findings:Croft's overall assessment of James was appropriately mixed.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

He recognised his goodwill in matters such as Anglo-Scottish union, his openness to various points of view, and his peaceful foreign policy agenda in the financial ways of his empire.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

His actions moderated the frictions between his diverse society.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Yet he also created new ones, mainly by supporting colonisation that polarised crown interest groups in Ireland, obtaining political advantage not enough with open-handed patronage, lack of attention to the image of the monarchy (especially after the image-obsessed regime of the Elizabeth), pursued a pro-Spanish foreign policy that fuelled religious prejudice and opened doors to Arminians within the English church, and enforced unpleasant religious changes in the Scottish Kirk.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Many of these criticisms are framed in a longer view of James's reign, including the legacy - now understood to be more problematic - which he left Charles I. [177] Degrees, styles, awards and emblems Degrees and styles In Scotland, James was “the sixth James, King of Scots”, until 1604.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

He was proclaimed “first James, King of England, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith” in London on 24 March 1603. [178]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

On 20 October 1604, James issued a proclamation at Westminster changing his style to “King of England, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc. “[179]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

This style is not used on English legislation, but is used on proclamations, coins, letters, treaties, and in Scotland. [180]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

James styled himself “King of France”, in line with other English kings between 1340 and 1800, although he did not in fact rule France.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Coat of arms [181] [182] [183] [182] [182] [183] Coats of arms used from 1567 to 1603The coat of arms used from 1603 to 1625 outside ScotlandSlamused from 1603 to 1625 in Scotland The descendants of Queen James, Anna of Denmark, bore seven people child survived after birth, three of whom reached adulthood: [184] Henry, Prince of Wales (19 February 1594— 6 November 1612).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Died, thought to be of typhoid fever, at the age of 18. [185]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia (19 August 1596— 13 February 1662).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Married in 1613, Friedrich V, Elektorat Pfalz.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Died aged 65.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Margaret (24 December 1598— March 1600).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Died aged 1.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Charles I, King of England, Scotland and Ireland (19 November 1600— 30 January 1649).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Married in 1625, Henrietta Maria.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Replaces James I & VI.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Executed age 48.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Robert, Duke of Kintyre (18 January 1602— 27 May 1602).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Died aged 4 months. [186]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Mary (8 April 1605— 16 December 1607).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Died aged 2.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Sophia (June 1607).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Died 48 hours after being born. [187]


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

List of writings The Essayes of a Prentise in the Divine Art of Poesie, (also called Some Reulis and Cautelis), 1584 Lepanto, Daemonologie poems, 1597 Newes from Scotland, 1591 The True Law of Free Monarchies, 1598 Basilikon Doron, 1599 A Counterblaste to Tobacco, 1604 An Apodie for the Oath of Oath of Allegiance, 1608 A Premonition to All Most Mightie Monarches, 1609 See also Cultural Depictions of James I of England Note Reference Sources.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Missing or empty |title= (help) Next reading Akrigg, G. P. V. (1978).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Jacobean Pageant: The Court of King James I.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

New York: The Atheneum.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

ISBN0-689-70003-2 Fraser, A. (1974).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

King James VI of Scotland, I of England.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

ISBN0-297-76775-5 Coward, B. (2017).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

The Stuart Age — England, 1603—1714 5th edition ch.4.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Routledge.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

ISBN978-1-4058-5916-5 Durston, C. (1993).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

James I. Routledge.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

ISBN0-415-07779-6 Fincham, Kenneth; Lake, Peter (1985).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

“The ecclesiastical policy of King James I” Journal of British Studies 24 (2): 169—207 Gardiner, S. R. (1907).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

“Britain under James I” in The Cambridge Modern History vol. 3 ch. 17 Goodare, Julian (2009).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

“The Debts of James VI of Scotland” The Economic History Review 62 (4): 926—952 Hirst, Derek (1986).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Authority and Conflict — England 1603—1658 pp.96—136, Harvard University Press.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

ISBN0-674-05290-0 Houston, S. J. (1974).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

James I. Longman.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

ISBN0-582-35208-8 Lee, Maurice (1984).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

“James I and the Historians: Not a Bad King After All?”


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Albion 16 (2): 151—163.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Montague, F. C. (1907).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

The History of England from the Accession of James 1st to the Restoration (1603—1660) Peck, Linda Levy (1982).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Northampton: Patronage and Policy at the Court of James I. Harper Collins.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

ISBN0-04-942177-8 Schwarz, Marc L. (1974).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

“James I and the Historians: Toward a Reconsideration” Journal of British Studies 13 (2): 114—134 Smith, D. L. (1998).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

A History of the Modern British Isles — 1603—1707 — The Double Crown chs. 2, 3.1, and 3.2.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Blackwell's.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

ISBN978-0-631-19402-6 Wormald, Jenny (1983).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

“James VI and I: Two Kings or One?”


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

History 68 (223): 187—209 Young, Michael B. (1999).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

King James VI and I and the History of Homosexuality.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Springer.


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Young, Michael B. (2012).


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

“James VI and I: Time for a Reconsideration?”


Question: has François Coty ever married?

James Charles Stuart

Journal of British Studies 51 (3): 540—567 Outlinks at Project Gutenberg at Internet Archive at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) curated by The National Archives (United Kingdom) {{subst: #if:James 01|}} [[Category: {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1566}} || MISSING | =UNKNOWN | =MISSING | =UNKNOWN birth missing {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1625}} ||LIVING =( living people)}} | #default =1566 births}]] [[Category: {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1625}}} || LIVING =Living people | UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of death missing | #default =1625 deaths}}]] Template:Ruler of England, Scotland Category:James VI and I Category:Rulers of the 16th Century Scottish Monarchy Category:Rulers of the 17th Century Scottish monarchy Category:Rulers of the 17th Century English monarchy Category:Kings of England Category:Kings of Scotland Category:Duke of Albany Category:Duke of Rothesay Category:Knights of the Garter Category:Figures from Edinburgh Category:Rulers of 16th-century monarchies in Europe Category:17th-century monarchical rulers in Europe


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

This article is about a historic speech.


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

For Pancasila Indonesian state ideology, see Pancasila.


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

The birth of Pancasila is the title of a speech delivered by Soekarno in the session of Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai (Indonesian: “Independence Preparation Business Investigator Agency”) on June 1, 1945.


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

It was in this speech that the concept and initial formulation of “Pancasila” was first put forward by Soekarno as the basis of an independent Indonesian state.


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

This speech was originally delivered by Soekarno by acclamation without title and just got the name “Birth of Pancasila” by former Chairman of BPUPKI Dr. Radjiman Wedyodiningrat in the preface of the book containing the speech then posted by BPUPK.


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

And since 2017, June 1 officially became a national holiday to commemorate the day “Birth of Pancasila”.


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

Background Towards the defeat of the Imperial Japanese Army at the end of the Pacific War, the Japanese occupation army in Indonesia tried to attract the support of the Indonesian people by forming Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai (Indonesian: “Badan Usakan Usaha Preparation Independence” or BPUPK, which later becoming BPUPKI, with the addition of “Indonesia”).


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

The agency held its first hearing from 29 May (which was later completed on 1 June 1945).


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

The meeting opened on 28 May 1945 and deliberations began the next day 29 May 1945 on the basic theme of the country.


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

The first meeting was held at Chuo Sangi In building on Jalan Pejambon 6 Jakarta which is now known as Pancasila Building.


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

In Dutch times, the building was the building of the Volksraad (Indonesian: “People's Representative”).


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

After a few days of no bright spots, on June 1, 1945, Bung Karno got his turn to convey his ideas on the basis of an independent Indonesian state, which he named “Pancasila”. [1]


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

The speech that was not prepared in writing in advance was accepted by acclamation by all members of Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai.


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

Subsequently Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai formed a Small Committee to formulate and draft the Basic Law with guidance on the speech of Bung Karno.


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

Formed the Committee of Nine (consisting of Ir. Soekarno, Mohammad Hatta, Mr. AA Maramis, Abikoesno Tjokrosoejoso, Abdul Kahar Muzakir, Agus Salim, Achmad Soebardjo, Wahid Hasjim, and Mohammad Yamin) who were assigned to reformulate Pancasila as the basis of the State based on the speech spoken by Bung Karno on June 1, 1945, and rendered the document a text to proclaim Indonesia's independence.


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

After going through the proceedings and lobbying, finally, the formulation of the excavation of Bung Karno was successfully formulated to be listed in the Mukadimah Basic Law 1945, which was passed and declared valid as the basis of the independent Indonesian state on August 18, 1945 by BPUPKI. [2], which for the first time published in 1947, former Chairman of BPUPKI Dr. Radjiman Wedyodiningrat called the speech of Ir. Soekarno it contains “Birth of Pancasila”.


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

“If we study and investigate the “Birth of Pancasila”, it will turn out that this is a Demokratisch Beginsel, a Beginsel that is the basis of our Country, which became the Rechtsideologie of our Country; a Beginsel that has permeated and rooted in the soul of Bung Karno, and who had passed out of his soul spontaneously, despite the trial under the harsh judgment of the Japanese Army Government.


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

It is indeed a soul who wants to be free, impossible to bridle!


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

As long as Japanese Fascism was horrified by us, Demokratisch Idee was never released by Bung Karno, always held firm and always sought a way to make it happen.


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

Hopefully “The birth of Pancasila” can be used as a guideline by nusa and our nation entirely in the effort to fight for and perfect the country's independence.”


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

The referral, the official website of the University of Pancasila, was accessed June 1, 2011.


Question: When is pancasila day commemorated?

The birth of Pancasila

Category Reference:History of Indonesia


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

The Battle of Moscow refers to the attempted defense of the Soviet capital, Moscow and the counteroffensive against German forces that took place between October 1941 and January 1942 on the Eastern Front in World War II.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

German invasion On 22 June 1941, Germany along with its allies attacked the Soviet Union abruptly.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

Having managed to destroy much of the Soviet Union's air power at a time when it was still on the mainland, German forces managed to get deep into Soviet territory using the tactic of flash warfare or blitzkrieg.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

Armored divisions using pincer movement tactics managed to capture and destroy almost the entirety of the remaining Soviet army.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

The German forces themselves split into three groups namely the Northern Group of Forces tasked with taking control of Leningrad, the Central Group of Forces tasked with seizing Moscow, and the Southern Group of Forces tasked with seizing Ukraine and the Caucasus Mountains.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

The defense of the Soviet army was already tipped by the horn, the casualties that fell so many.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

Just wait for the time of the fallout from Moscow.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

In early August 1941, the Germans managed to seize Smolensk, a strategic city on the direction towards Moscow.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

However, the fighting in Smolensk itself had resulted in the Germans having to postpone the offensive into Moscow until the end of September 1941.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

This delay slightly disturbed the war strategy of the blitzkrieg that gave priority to the speed of motion, and this delay was also what provided considerable time for the Soviet army to consolidate themselves again.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

After making preparations, on 2 October 1941, the Central Group of Forces under Marshal Fedor von Bock attacked Moscow under the code Operation Typhoon.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

The Red Army on the Western front, reserve front, Bryansk front, and Kalinin front defended Moscow territory.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

Although they suffered not few casualties, they still fought desperately.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

On 10 October 1941, Marshal Georgy Zhukov took over the leadership of the Western front and the defense of Moscow.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

Moscow's defense of Moscow City has now become a target for air raids.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

Inhabitants have been ordered to build barricades in the streets, even defences built up to the Kremlin's territory as the centre of government.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

Officials of the government of the Soviet Union, with the exception of Stalin, have moved to the city of Kuibyshev (Samara, current name).


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

Stalin's aim to remain in Moscow was to set an example and improve the morale of the troops as well as the population.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

To show the strong desire of the Soviet army, Stalin ordered the Red Army at the celebration of the October Revolution, November 7, 1941, to keep the parade on Red Square, whereby the troops marching directly were dispatched to the front lines.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

On the other hand, Germany's forward motion has been on the decline.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

The movement of the German army was partially paralyzed by the rain, resulting in the roads that were traversed into mud pits.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

In November 1941, snow began to fall in Russia.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

The problem of the streets can indeed be resolved as the streets are hardened again.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

However, at that time of winter, the German army was not equipped with winter clothes, as a result of Hitler's predictions that assumed the Soviet Union could fall in the summer or within 2 months from when the initial invasion was made.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

Not only was winter clothing lacking, German equipment such as tanks, weaponry, and other vehicles also broke down due to the cold weather below 0° Celsius.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

Even the winter that occurred at the time, was considered by Russians themselves to be the coldest than ever before.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

The construction of Soviet defenses in front of the city of Moscow itself was carried out in haste.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

The Soviet leader sent thousands of volunteers and recruits to the battlefield, even including female battalions straight to machine guns.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

It was on the Moscow front that the term Panfilovic became a famous term, taking the name of the twenty-eight men of Maj. Gen.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

I. V. Panfilov, commander of the 316th Rifle Division, who was almost entirely killed but managed to destroy 18 pieces of German tanks.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

Few Soviet soldiers survived in that battle, certainly by leaving German army casualties that were not few anyway.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

On 27 November 1942, the German Army briefly reached the easternmost position of their invasion of the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

A German army patrol group managed to take control of a railway station 27 kilometres outside the city of Moscow, before finally being successfully driven out by the Soviet army.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

Soviet counterattack On 5 December 1941, after seeing the slow motion of German forces and beginning the weakening of their combat morale, Marshal Zhukov then launched the largest counterattack against the German army.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

Counter-attacks were made in all sectors of the Moscow front line on 6 December 1941.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

Throughout the fall, Zhukov secretly moved Soviet soldiers from the still fresh and fully armed Siberian Division to defend Moscow.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

This use of the Siberian Division based on the logic that Siberians were resistant people, or at least, could survive cold weather.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

The existence of these troops was deliberately withheld until it was time to be removed to carry out an attack on a predetermined date.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

Zhukov relied on information from Richard Sorge, a Soviet rearview who said that Japan would not attack the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

This information is trusted, as Sorge had previously provided precise information regarding the German invasion of the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa).


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

When the German army was getting too close to the center of Moscow, Zhukov immediately ordered the Siberian division to face the Germans.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

The division which was equipped with T-34 tanks and new Katyusha rocket launchers and had been ready by winter successfully repulsed the German forces who had run out of steam, tired and demoralized due to winter and too long on the battlefield.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

German forces in the offensive were successfully repulsed up to 100 to 250 kilometers from the city of Moscow on 7 January 1942.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

In April 1942 the Soviet army again consolidated itself after successfully repulsing German forces.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

After the counterattack, the German army could no longer carry out attacks and instead had to continue to retreat.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

The retreat of these German forces would not threaten the city of Moscow again.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

The victory in this battle increased the morale of the Soviet army and people, while for the Germans, the defeat ultimately proved that not forever the German army was invincible and their defeat in this battle showed the failure of the war tactics blitzkrieg.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

After this battle, Germany inevitably had to prepare for a long and bloody battle in the face of the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

According to trusted sources, some 700,000 Red Army were killed, wounded or missing in the defense and counterattack phase and about 250,000 Axis soldiers were killed, missing or wounded throughout the battle.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

In memory of this heroism, the City of Moscow was awarded the City of Heroes award in 1965, specifically to commemorate 20 years of the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in 1945.


Question: When did the Battle of Moscow take place?

Battle of Moscow

See also Ski warfare Category:Conflicts of 1942 Category:Conflicts of 1941 Category:German-Soviet War Category:Battles and military operations in World War II Category:Battles of World War II Category:Battles of World War II involved Russia


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM or his full name Abdul Hadi Wiji Muthari () is one of Indonesian literature, cultural and philosophic experts.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

He is known through his sufistic works, his researches in Malay Archipelago literature and his views on Islam and pluralism.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

Abdul Hadi WM's childhood was born with the name Abdul Hadi Wijaya.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

When grown up he changed Wijaya's name to Wiji.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

He was born to the Chinese peranakan lineage in the Sumenep region of Madura. [1]


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

His father, German merchant and teacher was named K. Abu Muthar, and his mother was a daughter of Mangkunegaran descent named RA Sumartiyah or Martiyah.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

They were endowed with ten children and Abdul Hadi was the third son; but his two older brothers and four other younger brothers died when he was a child.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

The eldest of these four (all male) brothers in his childhood had become acquainted with the heavy readings of thinkers such as Plato, Sokrates, Imam Ghazali, Rabindranath Tagore, and Muhammad Iqbal.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

Since childhood anyway he has loved poetry and the world of writing writing.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

His writing was matured mainly by the works of Amir Hamzah and Chairil Anwar.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

With his friends Zawawi Imron and Ahmad Fudholi Zaini, Hadi established a boarding school in his hometown in 1990 named “Pesantren An-Naba”, consisting of a mosque, dormitory, and art studio where students were taught literature, fine arts (following sculpting and sculpting), design, calligraphy, engraving, ceramics, music, sound art, and drama. [2]


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

His primary education and his first secondary school were completed in the city of his birth.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

When he entered high school, Abdul Hadi left his hometown, went to Surabaya to demand science in that city.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

He then studied at the Faculty of Literature, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta until baccalaureate level, then moved to study Western Philosophy at the same university to doctoral level, but did not complete it.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

He switched to the Faculty of Literature, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung and took Anthropology study program.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

For a year since 1973-1974 Hadi settled in Iowa, United States to attend the International Writing Program at the University of Iowa, then in Hamburg, Germany for several years to explore literature and philosophy.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

In 1992 he gained a study opportunity and took his master's degree and doctorate of Philosophy from Universiti Sains Malaysia in Penang, Malaysia, where at the same time he became a lecturer at the university.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

On his return to Indonesia, Hadi accepted an offer from his old friend Nurcholis Madjid to teach at Paramadina University, Jakarta, the same university that confirmed him as Professor of Philosophy and Religion in 2008. [3]


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

His involvement in journalistic career began since he became a student, where Hadi became editor of Gema Mahasiswa (1967-1968) and editor of Student Indonesia (1969-1974).


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

Then he became the Managing Editor of Budaya Jaya magazine (1977-1978), editor of the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry magazine (KADIN) (1979-1981), editor of Balai Pustaka (1981-1983) and editor of the cultural journal Ulumul Qur'an. From 1979 until the early 1990s he served as editor of the cultural daily Berita Buana.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

In 1982 he was sworn into the position of Chairman of the Jakarta Arts Council and when the reforms rolled, in the 1999 multi party elections, at the urging of his colleague Dr. H. Hamzah Haz, Abdul Hadi was urged forward as the representative of the East Java electoral region from the United Development Party (PPP).


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

In 2000 he was inducted into a member of the Film Censorship Institute and until recently he was Chairman of the Board of Curators of Bayt Qur'an and Istiqlal Museum, Chairman of Muhammadiyah Cultural Majlis, member of the Expert Council of Indonesian Muslim Scholars Association (ICMI) and member of the Advisory Board of PARMUSI (Brotherhood Indonesian Muslims).


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

Abdul Hadi WM's involvement in the circle of Muslim activists has started since he became a member of the Islamic Student Association (HMI) during his time as a student at UGM, then he pioneered the birth of the Muhammadiyah Student Association (IMM) in 1964 together with Amin Rais and his fellow poet, Slamet Sukirnanto As a lecturer, currently listed as a permanent lecturer of Faculty of Philosophy Paramadina University, outstanding lecturer of Faculty of Humanities University of Indonesia, and postgraduate lecturer of University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta and The Islamic College for Advanced Studies (ICAS) London campus Jakarta.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

As a literary artist, Hadi along with his friends, among others, Taufik Ismail, Sutardji Calzoum Bachri, Hamid Jabar and Leon Agusta moved the Literature Entrance School (SMS) program, under the auspices of the Ministry of National Education and the Indonesian Foundation, with sponsorship from The Ford Foundation.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

Works Around the 1970s, observers rated him as a creator of sufist poetry.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

He did write about loneliness, death, and time.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

Over time, his works became more strongly colored by Islamic tasawuf.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

People often compare him to his best friend Taufik Ismail, who also had religious poetry.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

However he denied.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

“By writing, I invite others to experience the religious experience that I feel.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

Taufik emphasizes his moralistic side.”


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

It was during the 1970s that Eastern aesthetic tendencies strengthened in contemporary Indonesian literature, the sufistic puitika developed by Abdul Hadi became mainstream was quite dominant and quite a lot of his influences and followers.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

It appears that he participated in interpreting culture with sufistic puitica and principles of Islamic art, encouraging society towards social and spiritual enlightenment which is considered as a counterbalance to the influence of hedonist and secular Western culture. [4]


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

Until now Abdul Hadi has written several philosophy research books including Back to the Root Back to the Source: Essays of Prophetic and Sufistic Literature (Library of Firdaus, 1999), Islam: Aesthetic and Cultural Cakrawala (Library of Firdaus, 1999), Tasawuf the Oppressed, as well as several collection books poems include At Last We Meet Again, Arjuna in Meditation (alongside Sutardji Calzoum Bachri and Darmanto Yatman), The Sea Yet Tides, Meditation, Mirror, Depending on the Wind, Long Portrait of a Sanur Beach Visitor, Child of the Sea Child of the Wind, Madura: Luang Prabhang and the Bearer of the Sun, a number translated works of sufi literature and world literature, especially works by Iqbal, Rumi, Hafiz, Goethe, Persian sufi poets and Japanese modern poets.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

In addition, he also wrote several children's fairy tales books for Balai Pustaka.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

His poems have been translated into English, French, Dutch, Japanese, German, Chinese, Thai, Arabic, Bengali, Urdu, Korean and Spanish.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

In March 2011, Hadi received the 2010 Cultural Satyalancana Award from President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

According to the Minister of Culture and Tourism Jero Wacik, the award is given based on the consideration that the recipient has great merit in the field of culture that has been able to preserve regional or national culture and his work is useful and useful for the community, the nation, and country. [5]


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

In 2014, Abdul Hadi obtained the Habibie Award in the field of literature and culture.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

List of Best Poetry Prize II Horison Literature Magazine (1969) Best Poetry Book Prize of Jakarta Arts Council (1978) Anugerah Seni Government of the Republic of Indonesia (1979) S.E.A. Write Award, Bangkok, Thailand (1985) Anugerah Mastera (Southeast Asian Literature Assembly) (2003) Award Satyalancana Cultural Government of the Republic of Indonesia (2010) Private life On November 25, 1978, she was married to wartawati and painter Tedjawati or familiarly known as Atiek Koentjoro.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

Atiek was the brother of the cousin of culturalist Umar Kayam.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

They were endowed with three daughters, namely Gayatri Wedotami (or also known as Chen Chen, a cerpenis and activist in the field of inter-faith peace), Dian Kuswandini (a journalist who now resides in Paris), and Ayusha Ayutthaya (a Chinese teacher).


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

Currently Abdul Hadi WM obtained three grandchildren, two daughters from Gayatri and one from Ayusha.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

While still living in Jakarta, Abdul Hadi WM lived neighborly with his maternal cousin, Soetarni, the wife of a Nyoto PKI figure.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

From here the Sutarni family as well as Abdul Hadi WM's family became close.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

WM's Abdul Hadi loved the work of Bach, Beethoven, and the Beatles.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

In addition to reading books, he is also fond of gardening.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

Reference Advanced reading “Naturmagie und Sufismus - Gedichte des indonesischen Lyrikers Abdul Hadi W.M.”, in Orientierungen 1/1991, S. 113-122.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

“The rhyme structure of poet Abdul Hadi W.M.” (1998) by Anita K. Rustapa “Mysticism reborn?


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

— The poet Abdul Hadi W.M.” (1974) by Christine Deakin “Arjuna in meditation: three young Indonesian poets: selected verse of Abdul Hadi W.M., Darmanto Jt & Sutardji Calzoum Bachri”, (1976) Writers Workshop, Calcutta.


Question: Who are the parents of Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi WM?

Abdul Hadi WM

Outlinks (in English) {{subst: #if:Muthari, Abdul Hadi Wiji|}} [[Category: {subst: #switch: {subst:uc:1946}} || UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of missing birth {{subst: #switch: {subst:uc:1946}} || UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of missing birth {{subst:: {substu:c:}} ||LIVING =( living people)}} | #default =1946 births}}]] [[Category: {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:}} || LIVING =Living people | UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of death missing | #default =deaths}}]] Abdul Hadi WM Abdul Hadi WM Abdul Hadi WM Abdul Hadi


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Rumah Sakit Panti Nirmala (abbreviated as RSPN) is one of the private hospitals in Malang City, East Java.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Formerly this hospital faced Jalan Kebalen Wetan, but with the new building, now RSPN also has an entrance on Jalan Colonel Sugiono 19-21.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Prior to 1961, the RSPN was known as Tiong Hwa Ie Sia (THIS).


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

RSPN became one of the leading hospitals in Malang because it has doctors and equipment that are quite complete.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The older generation is better acquainted with the name Tiong Hwa Ie Sia than the name, as the name has been used since its construction in 1929.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The renaming was carried out in 1961.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Development History In 1920, a group of Chinese businessmen in Malang City gathered to discuss the public health services of the lower concern, namely Tan Hok Wan, Kwee Sien Po, Liem Bian Sioe, and Han Kang Hoen.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

After various discussions and studies long enough, they agreed to form a forum of devotion through health services.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Nine years later, in 1929, they established a simple polyclinic and a kind of BKIA located at Jalan Chinatown (now Jalan Pasar Besar) Malang.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

According to records, this health institute was nurtured by two doctors, namely Doctor Liem Ghik Djiang and Doctor Tjan Eng Jong (both deceased).


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

They were asked by the initiators who joined a society called Tiong Hwa Ie Sia Association (THIS).


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The name of the association is also used for the name of the polyclinic.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

This Articles of Association was confirmed by the decree of the Governor General of the Dutch East Indies No.25 of 1934, dated March 8, 1934, and contained in Javasche Courant No.23 dated March 20, 1934.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The Decree was issued on the petition of a committee of THIS, Kwee Sien Po.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

In Article 1 AD written, the organization (hospital) was established as early as October 1, 1929.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Then October 1 is the birthday of the association (foundation) and Malang.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Location transfer Initially the location of the polyclinic in Jl Chinatown is emergency so it is less qualified.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

This is also due to the limited financial capabilities of THIS organization.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Finally, the location of the polyclinic had moved several times, from Jl Chinatown to Jl Kotalama, then to Jl Kidul Pasar (now Jl Kyai Tamin), Jl Jagalan, and Jl Klenteng (now Jl Martadinata) No.40 Malang.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

In addition, there is also a difficulty in labor, so the management is looking for volunteer personnel to fulfill their service to the community.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Among the volunteers is midwife Ny Go Gwat Tjing (Ny Mien Sriwulan), sister of entrepreneur Go In Kiem (alm).


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

After World War II, there was an Independence Revolution which, among other things, occurred in Surabaya, many victims of the war were brought to Malang and treated in existing government hospitals, but it was insufficient.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

These administrators decided to rent a coffee warehouse at Jl Gudang Garam No.8 Malang (now Jl Kebalen Wetan) to provide health services and other assistance for the victims by the volunteers of THIS Polyclinic.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

After the war, the Han family coffee warehouse owner of coffee plantation “Bumi Redjo” on the slopes of Mount Kawi was finally bought by this administrators with the help of the funds of entrepreneurs and other benefactors.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The parent building that was used as a residence was also purchased.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The benefactors who contributed were Tan Kee Liang, Ong Kie Hiang, Go In Kiem, and Kwee Hok Hay.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

They subsequently entered this Board and carried out the construction of the hospital.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Since then, the location of Hospital Panti Nirmala settled until now.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Construction Expansion of the site was carried out in 1954, coinciding with the 25th anniversary of the Society and Hospital, with the addition of 5,000 square meters of land.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The acreage is utilized for polyclinic buildings, obstetrics, internal diseases, dental clinics, and treatment.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The RS parent building still uses the original building which underwent several renovations.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Several new buildings were erected in the vicinity, generally done on a patch-embroidered basis as they were tailored to the needs and funds available.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Currently the site has been expanded with the purchase of a building (house) to the west of the RS complex, and a vacant plot of land in front of it.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Plans for the expansion of the building and relocation of its use are being worked out by the Board of Foundation.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Community service The early period of independence During the Independence Revolution, since November 8, 1945, the hospital was also used to house refugees from Surabaya.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

#Periode August 1945 — December 1947 did free treatment and treatment, so the Board had quite difficulties in its management.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The critical period was particularly pronounced during the turn of Japanese money to RI money (ORI) in November 1946.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

When Dutch Aggression to Malang City, July 30, 1947, RS-THIS remained open mainly Polyclinic Section.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Due to the uncertain situation and conditions, activities for other parts can also not be continuous.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

But by 1 April 1948, RS-THIS was fully operational with 60 beds.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

In various difficult situations related to the struggle to maintain independence, RS-THIS continues to perform its functions, serving others through health services.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

And during the struggle at the same time there was an increase in inter-ethnic, inter-group, and inter-religious integration in Malang, so it can be said that RS-THIS is a forum of devotion for all people who have a commitment to uphold the dignity of humanity.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The integration is evident from the role of Prof. Dr. M Soetojo designing operating rooms when he evacuated from Surabaya to Malang during the Independence Revolution, as well as the help of medicines from PMI (Indonesian Red Cross).


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The hospital also received very valuable assistance from medical equipment suppliers from the Netherlands, namely SIMAVI (Steun In Medische Aangelegenheden Voor Inheemschen).


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Simavi's assistance on the recommendation of surgeon Dr Lodder was among the operating room equipment complete with the operating table, as a completeness for the operating room designed by Prof. Dr. M Soetojo.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The tools are now over 50 years old, some are still in good condition and still used in operating activities.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

This assistance not only meets the needs of the equipment, but also also gives a very strong morile encouragement for THIS Board to be more vigorous and passionate about providing services to the community who need it.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Until now the Simavi Institute in the Netherlands is still there, and the specificity of its activity is to provide medical equipment assistance to Third World Countries/Developing Countries.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

RS-THIS/RS-PN Operations Room does have its own unique story, which is the meeting point of the spirit of struggle and devotion.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

How not!


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The design designed by Prof. Dr. M Soetojo is a spontaneous donation for the desire of THIS Board to build an operating room that is needed to serve patients.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

But after the design was completed, this Board was guessed because of lack of funds to build it.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

So contact Ma Chung School in Malang, asked to help in the collection of funds, and the gayung was together.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Ma Chung's teachers and disciples worked hard to raise funds, among them by traveling to several cities to perform “charitable charade performances” played by Ma Chung's students.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

It was for their help that finally funds were raised so that the construction of the operating room could be completed...!


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Then it will be unforgettable the devotion given by Prof. Dr. M Soetojo, Dr Lodder, the Simavi Institute in the Netherlands, the extended family of Ma Chung School, and other benefactors who united with the Board of RS-THIS/RS-PN in realizing the operating room.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

One proof that love and humanity are universal, ignorant of time and space, unconstrained by distance and nationality...!


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

During the Independence Revolution RS-THIS also received valuable help from Dr Soerodjo, a famous obstetrician in Malang at that time.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Also from several other doctors who joined the motivation to serve fellow human beings in need of health care.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

In the very difficult transition period, for the management of this Hospital Management got a very valuable helping hand from the then Bishop of Malang, Mgr A.E.J. Albers O.Carm (alm) with a collaboration between this Association and the Congregation of Sisters Misericordia in 1952.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Buildings and various facilities of RS are restyled so that the quantity and quality of service can be continuously improved.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

It is impossible for this existence of RS-THIS thanks to the hard work and devotion of the Misericordia Sisters who worked with THIS Board for about 36 years (1952-1988).


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The Misericordia Sisters who carry out their devotion duties in RS-THIS/ RS-PN and his great service, include Sr Gregoria, Sr Catherine, Sr Alberta, Sr Alexia, Sr Theresia, Sr Germana, Sr Imelda, Sr Mathilda, Sr Bernadette; and many more.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

While the spiritual who is difficult to separate with RS-THIS/RS-PN is Father Joseph Wang CDD (alm).


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

In the realm of “Leaded Democracy” RS-THIS also experiences various trials and challenges, both political-ideological and financial and economic.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

But thanks to the persistence of its administrators who cling to the principle of devotion in the field of health, everything can be overcome well.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

And to solidify its existence, since 1961 the name “Tiong Hwa Ie Sia” was replaced with “Panti Nirmala”, although it remained in the parent of THIS Society.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

On the next trip, the parent hospital with “association” status was judged to be inadequate again.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Therefore its administrators in 1980 decided to upgrade the status of “Perkumpulan” to “Foundation”.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

To realize the decision of the board meeting, Drg Oei Boen Thong (Chairman), Go In Kiem (Secretary), and J.A. Noertjahyo SH (Deputy Secretary) as deputy board facing the notary public.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

And the formation of Panti Nirmala Hospital Foundation Malang with Notary Deed of Mrs. Soenardi Adisasmito No. 37 dated April 28, 1980, as the new name of THIS Malang.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Note: In more detail, the process of changing” Perkumpulan” to” Foundation” is contained in” In Memoriam, Dentist Oei Boen Thong, Founder of Yayasan RS Panti Nirmala Malang”; the article under the article” History” This/Pen-not).


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

In conducting the management of the hospital, as licensed by the Diocese of Malang, the Association of This/RSPN Foundation collaborates with the Congregation of Nuns.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Until 1988 the cooperation was done with Sister Congregation Misericordia (owner/manager of RKZ/RS Panti Waluyo Malang), continued in cooperation with the Pasionist Sisters Congregation, until now.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

While ownership of all the assets of the hospital remains in the hands of the RSPN Foundation.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

There are still many individuals, groups and institutions that have great meritorious and have a very meaningful share in the course of life of RS-THIS/RS-PN, both active and who have resigned.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

And not a few entrepreneurs in the neighborhood of cigarette factories (kretek) who have given darma devotion, among others, Sdr.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Tan Hong Bok (PR Toegoe Mas), Sdr.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Tan Sie Thong (PR Grendel), Sdr.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Jap Wie Tjhing (PT Clove), Sdr.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Ong Kian Pa (PR Oepet/Ongkowijoyo), Sdr.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Samsi (PR Bentoel), Sdr.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Kwee Hok Tjhiang (Bentoel), and Sdr.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

JP Soegiharto Prajogo (Chairman of GAPPRI), as well as many more.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

(Check the composition of the Board based on the Meeting Decision of January 26, 1969, page 4-5 “In Memoriam Dentist Oei Boen Thong, Founder of Yayasan RS Panti Nirmala Malang/PEN-NOT) Unfortunately — as generally other associations/organizations — THIS Society/RSPN Foundation has no tradition to record systematically the activists and its administrators as well as those who have been meritorious towards its institutions.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Nonetheless, their spirit of devotion remains preserved and continuous.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

For example, Mrs. Herlina Budiman is one of the dentists who is fully devoted through RSPN Dental Polyclinic for about 24 years without receiving salary or merit reward.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

More than that, the Board of the Association of This/RSPN Foundation has been composed of those who serve selflessly material, working without merit reward.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Even the leaders and employees of RS-THIS/RS-PN are human devotees to others, workers who willingly receive small amounts of merit rewards.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

And indeed, hospitals are not suitable for the workplace for human types who crave worldly wealth...!


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

And it was all fully realized by the people of the hospital service, who were always concerned with the immortal motto...: “Serve and continue to serve our fellow man!”


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Researching the history of RS-PN as well as entering practical areas, namely management and management patterns.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Of the data found, the red threads of life are quite alarming, namely BOR (Bed Occupancy Rate) or “bed occupancy rate” year after year averaging only about 50 percent, there are even those below that.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

With this reality RS-PN can only live life origin, difficult to develop and improve.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Therefore, from the beginning of 1993 the Foundation began to strive and look for ways how RS-PN could develop itself.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Pameo who emerged from the leadership of RS-PN at that time, BOR was low due to frequent traffic jamming around RS, especially crossing the railway tracks with Jalan Mergosono-Kebalen Wetan-Kotalama-Sartono.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

In general, the location of RS-PN is also less strategic and has no special advantages than other hospitals in Malang.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

All of that resulted in the doctors being reluctant to send their patients to RS-PN, even though RS-PN's operating rooms could compete with other hospitals.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

One of the proposed ways is to make RS-PN access to Jl Mergosono (Col.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Sugiono) to simplify trasportation.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The Foundation takes great care in determining attitudes.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Therefore, the Chairman of the Foundation (J.A Noertjahyo) agreed by the Board Meeting to consult with various parties who could provide the best solution.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

At the beginning of 1993 there were various talks with Perdhaki and some parties that were seen as necessary.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

As a result, in the first stage, research is required specifically on RS-PN.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

On September 23, 1994 there was an agreement between TREND Consultans and Perdhaki (Central Jakarta) to carry out the cooperation of management consultants on RS-PN.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Preliminary research was conducted on October 27, 1994 and November 10—11, 1994.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The report is poured in the book “Preliminary Research Reports” TREND Consultans dated December 2, 1994.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The report outlined various weaknesses of RS-PN and ways of addressing them.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The Board of the Foundation also immediately conducted internal improvement and contacted several institutions, especially those engaged in health, both in Java and outside Java, among others with the Charitas group (on the advice of Perdhaki), the Church of Christ God (GKT) and alumni leaders ex- Ma Chung who incorporated in Yayasan Mulia Citra and other social organizations.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

In the position of Board of Directors of RS-PN also implemented rejuvenation and refreshment on July 1, 1995.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Director originally held by Dr Wahjoenarso Sp.A was handed over to Dr I Wayan Tharsana Sp.An, and Deputy Director from Dr J Kohar to Dr Eko Sugiarto MSc.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The handover of the position was done after the Director and Deputy Director (old) declared to resign from their respective positions.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

After making various time-consuming efforts, finally RS-PN sympathizers who are members of ex-Ma Chung alumni felt called to participate in the improvement of RS-PN, even develop it.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The main driving factor that knocked their hearts was the role of Ma Chung School at RS-PN in the past which, among other things, managed to raise funds to build OK (Operatie Kamer, Operatie Chamber) that meets international standards.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

As a follow-up has been taken several steps, namely: 1.Some alumni personnel of Ma Chung entered the Board of Foundation (Sdr Rianto Nurhadi, Sdr.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Soehatmo, Sdr.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Koentjoro Loekito, and Sdr.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Teguh Kinarto) based on the decision of the Foundation Board Meeting dated July 2, 1996. 2.The purchase of house/land at Jl Mergosono (Col.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Sugiono) No.19-21 and held Arisan Gotong Royong chaired by Sdr.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Rianto Nurhadi to seek funds. 3.Formed Development Committee chaired by Sdr.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Bambang Gunawan for the expansion of the hospital.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Reports on Arisan Gotong Royong and the construction of RS-PN are presented respectively on another page of this book.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

In line with physical refurbishing and development (the building also carried out a thorough RS-PN management revamp.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Therefore, the Foundation fully supports the initiative of the Board of Directors of RS-PN to accreditation of hospitals.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

As a result, RS-PN is the first private hospital in Malang City and Malang Regency that has been fully accredited.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The Board of the RS-PN Foundation and the Board of Directors and all Staff and Employees work hard to lay a solid foundation so that RS-PN can continue to step seamlessly and convincingly in realizing the vision and mission of its founders.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Hospital building Old building The old building was built by Han Khoen Ho, a wealthy man in Malang.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

The building is European in style and resembles a palace.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

On the glass of the doors are engraved initials HKH.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Before becoming a hospital, the building was once used by the Tiong Hoa MA HWA school.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

New building With the denser traffic, especially if there are trains passing, ambulances and doctors vehicles get heavy obstacles to reach the hospital on Jl. Wetan balen.


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Because of this, Yayasan Panti Nirmala purchased a warehouse building behind the hospital to build a new building facing Jl. Colonel Sugiono (d/h Jl. Mergosono).


Question: Is Panti Nirmala Hospital the biggest hospital in Malang?

Nirmala Panti Hospital

Hospital management Category:Hospitals in East Java Panti Nirmala


Question: How many cubic centimeters in a liter?

Liters

The liter is a unit of volume gauge.


Question: How many cubic centimeters in a liter?

Liters

The liter is not one of the SI units, but is denoted as one of the “units outside the SI received use with SI”.


Question: How many cubic centimeters in a liter?

Liters

The SI unit for volume is the cubic meter (m³). 1 l = 1 dm³ = 1,000cm³ = 1,000 cc 1 ml = 1cm³ = 1 cc The liter symbol is the lower case l or the capital letter, L. The more curved lowercase l (ℓ) is also used, but is not accepted by BIPM.


Question: How many cubic centimeters in a liter?

Liters

Definition One liter is equal to: 0.001 cubic meters, 1 cubic decimeter, 1000 cubic centimeters the volume of a cube with sides of 10 centimeters each.


Question: How many cubic centimeters in a liter?

Liters

There are 1,000 litres in one cubic meter (m³).


Question: How many cubic centimeters in a liter?

Liters

Liters can be subdivided into even smaller units. 1 liter is equal to: 1,000,000 microliters (µL) 1,000 milliliters (mL) = 1,000 cubic centimeters (cm³), 100 centiliters (cL), 10 deciliters (dL), 0.01 hectoliters (hL).


Question: How many cubic centimeters in a liter?

Liters

Larger volumes can be calculated by kiloliters (1 kL = 1,000 liters) or megaliters (1 ML = 1,000,000 liters). microliters << milliliters < centiliters < deciliters < liters There are no international standards regarding when to use liters and when to use cubic meters.


Question: How many cubic centimeters in a liter?

Liters

Typically litres are used with items measured according to their capacity or container size (e.g., liquids), while cubic meters are usually used with items measured according to their dimensions.


Question: How many cubic centimeters in a liter?

Liters

Liters are also often used in some measurements that have been taken into account, such as density (kg/L), making it easy to compare with water density.


Question: How many cubic centimeters in a liter?

Liters

See also Pint Gallon Links Outside Category:Units of Contents


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

China (simplified Chinese:中人民和国; traditional Chinese:中華人民和; Pinyin:zhŏnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó; Peh-ōe-jī:Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiŏng-hô-kok, abbreviated RRT, Chinese or Chinese; literal People's Republic:) is a country located in East Asia capitalized in Beijing [1] The country has the largest population in the world (approximately 1.35 billion inhabitants) and an area of 9.69 million square kilometers, making it the 4th largest country in the world. [2]


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The country was founded in 1949 after the end of the Chinese Civil War, and has since been led by a single party, the Communist Party of China (CCP). [3]


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Even if it is often seen as a communist state, most economies of the republic have been unified since the 1980s. However, the government still watches its economy politically especially with government-owned companies and the banking sector.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Politically, it still remains a one-party government.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

As the world's most populated country, with a population exceeding 1.363 billion inhabitants (estimated in 2014), the majority of which is Chinese.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

To suppress population numbers, the government is enterprising the one-child policy.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Mainland China is a term used to refer to areas under the administration of the RRT and excluding the special administrative areas of Hong Kong and Macao, while the name of the Republic of China refers to other entities that used to have controlled China from 1912 until 1912. his defeat in the Chinese Civil War.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Currently the Republic of China only controls the island of Taiwan, and is capitalized in Taipei, therefore it is commonly called Chinese Taipei, especially in sports events.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The RRT claims territory belonging to the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) but does not command it, whereas the Republic of China claims sovereignty over all of mainland China that the RRT currently controls. (see also: Taiwan's political status) [4] China has had the most massive and most complex economy in the world for more than two millennia, along with several heydays and downfalls. [5] [6] Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978, China has become a country with growth fastest economy in the world.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

As of 2013, the country became the world's second largest economy by total nominal GDP and PPP, as well as being the world's largest exporter and importer. [7]


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

China is the country with nuclear weapons and has the world's largest active army, with the world's second largest military spending. [8] [9] The RRT became a member of the United Nations in 1971, where it replaced the Republic of China as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

China is also a member of various other organizations such as WTO, APEC, BRICS, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, BCIM and G-20.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

China is a major power in Asia, and a potential superpower according to some observers. [10] [11] History After World War II, the Chinese Civil War between the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang Nationalist Party ended in 1949 with the communists taking control of China The mainland and Kuomintang withdrew to the island of Taiwan and several offshore islands in Fujian.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

On 1 October 1949, Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China and established a communist state [12], but did not attempt to take control of the island of Taiwan.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Advocates of Maoism policies say that under Mao, China's unity and sovereignty could be ensured for the first time in decades, and there are developments in infrastructure, industry, health, and education, which they believe have helped improve people's standard of living.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

They also believe that campaigns such as the Far Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution are important in accelerating the development of China and clearing their culture.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Supporters also hesitated about the statistics and testimonies given regarding the number of fatalities and other damage caused by Mao's campaign.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

They say that this famine is caused by natural disasters; some doubt the number of deaths from the famine, or say that more people died from starvation or other political causes during the reign of Chiang Kai Shek (1928-1949).


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Even so, critics of Mao's policies say that Mao's administration imposes strict scrutiny on people's daily lives, and are convinced that campaigns such as the Far Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution played a role or resulted in the loss of millions of lives, wreaking huge economic costs, and damage to China's cultural heritage.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The Far Leap Forward, in particular, preceded a period of great famine in China which, according to trustworthy West and East, resulted in the deaths of 45 million people within 4 years [13] After the dramatic economic failure of the early 1960s, Mao stepped down from his post as chairman general of China.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Shortly afterwards the National People's Congress inducted Liu Shaoqi as Mao's replacement.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Mao remained party chairman but was removed from day-to-day economic duties controlled more leniently by Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping and others who embarked on financial reforms.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In 1966 Mao launched the Cultural Revolution, which his opponents saw as a retaliation against his rivals by mobilizing teenagers to support his thinking and get rid of the soft leadership of the time, but by his supporters was seen as an experiment direct democracy and a genuine step in eliminating corruption and other bad influences from Chinese society.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Chaos arose but this soon diminished under the leadership of Zhou Enlai where the moderate forces again gained influence.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

After Mao's death, Deng Xiaoping succeeded in gaining power and Mao's widow, Jiang Qing along with his associates, the Group of Four, who had taken over state power, were arrested and brought to justice.