Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

This petition was denied.


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

Meanwhile, the Poerwadarminta Dictionary published in the same year lists lema archipelago as the Kawi language for “kapuloan (Indonesiah)”.


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

With the Japanese occupation on 8 March 1942, the name “Dutch East Indies” disappeared.


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

On 17 August 1945, following the declaration of the Proclamation of Independence, was born the Republic of Indonesia.


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

Linguistics Before Indonesian was ordained to be a language of unity in the Youth Oath, then a number of European linguists have used the term “Bahasa Indonesia” instead of “Malay language” to refer to the language that was mentioned in Indonesia, especially after seen branching of bookkeeping languages were interrupted in both regions in the early 20th century.


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

In 1901, the Dutch East Indies (later to become Indonesia) adopted the spelling Van Ophuijsen, while in 1904 the Malay Tanah Persekutuan (later becoming part of Malaysia) under the British adopted the Wilkinson spelling. [3]


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

Van Ophuysen's spelling began from the preparation of the Malay Book Logat (started in 1896) van Ophuijsen, assisted by Nawawi Soetan Ma'moer and Moehammad Taib Soetan Ibrahim.


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

One of the linguists who modify the name of the Indonesian language is the Swiss linguist, Renward Brandstetter (1860-1842), known as the originator of the root theory of Austronesian languages. [4], who since 1908 began referring to himself as indonesischer Sprachforscher (Indonesian language researcher).


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

Brandstetter's writings in the previous period (1893-1908) called Malaio-polynesische Forschungen (Polynesian Malay [language] study), from 1908 were re-named as Monographien zur indonesischen Sprachforschung (monographs on Indonesian language research).


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

However, the “Indonesian language” referred to by Brandstetter is more widespread than just the language in the Dutch East Indies, but also includes Filipino languages, Madagascar languages, “ranging from Formosa to Madagascar" [4], therefore the use of the term Indonesian by the lingustic does not have the same geopolitical connotation as the present, but rather as a branch of the West Malay-Polynesian or West Austronesian language family [5].


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

Brandstetter's research on Bahasa Indonesia was published in English in 1916 (four essays [6]), and one of them was published in Indonesian in 1956 [7].


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

The essays influenced the development of Austronesian linguistic science [8].


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

About his interest, he mentions the influence of Niemann, Hurgronje, Adriani, and Conant: “...


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

For so many years it has been studying various texts in Indonesian, at first under the leadership of Niemans, then his own sadja.


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

If the texts are not satisfactory, then — because they never invite Indonesia — in contact with the jelidics who have been for decades of silence there, to obtain a verbal description, especially with Snouck Hurgronje, Adriani and Conant. “[7]


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

The use of the term “Indonesian language” in the modern sense, that is, as in Suryaningrat thought, appeared only after 1918, and is used in works, a.l.: Adriaanse (1918), Jonkman (1918), Ratu Langie (1918).


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

Internationally, the term came into widespread use in the 1920s, as in Weber (1922), and the Congres International Pour la Paix in Paris (1926) [9] See also the Malesian Archipelago Linguistic Referral: Dempwolff, Otto (1923): Vergleichende Lautlehre des austronesischen Wortschatzes.


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

Erster Band: Inductiver Aufbau einer indonesischen Ursprache.


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

(Beihefter zur Zeitschrift fur Eingeborenen-Sprachen 15).


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

Berlin: Dietrich Reimer /Andrews & Steiner and Hamburg: Friederichsen, De Gruyter Jones, Russel (1973):, Archipel 6, 93-118 Schmidt, Wilhelm (1899): Die sprachlichen Verhaltnisse Oceaniens (Melanesiens, Polynesiens, Micronesiens und Indonesiens) in ideutrer Behrer Ung fur die ethnologie.Mittheilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien 29, 245-258 Outlinks (in English) (in English) (in English) (in English) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: when did Chinese people exist in Indonesia the first time?

History of Indonesian names

Category Reference:Indonesian Names, History


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

İstiklal Marşı (“Mars Independence”) is the national anthem of Turkey, set officially on 21 March 1921.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

The lyrics were created by Mehmet Akif Ersoy (1873-1936), a Turkish poet, while the song was composed by Zeki Üngör.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Usually the ones sung are only the first two stanzas.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Lyrics Korkma, sönmez bu şafaklarda yüzen al sancak; Sönmeden yurdumun üstünde tüten en son ocak.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

O benim milletimin yıldızıdır parlayacak; O benimdir, o benim milletimindir ancak. Çatma, sacrifice olayım çehreni ey nazlı hilal!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Kahraman ırkıma beer gül!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Bu ne şiddet bu celal?


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Sana olmaz dökülen kanlarımız sonra helal, Hakkıdır, Hak'ka tapan, milletimin istiklal!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Ben ezelden beridir hür yaşadım, hür yaşarım.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Hangi çılgın bana zvuracakmış?


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Şaşarım; Kükremiş cell gibiyim, bendimi çiğner aşarım; Yırtarım dağları, enginlere sığmam, taşarım.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Garbın afakını sarmışsa çelik zırhlı duvar, Benim faith dolu göğsüm gibi serhaddim var. Ulusun, korkma!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Nasil böyle beer imanı boğar.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

“Medeniyyet!”


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

dediğin tek dişi kalmiş canavar?


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

ARKADAŞ!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Yurduma alçakları uğratma sakın!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Siper et gövdeni, dursun bu hayasızca akın.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Doğacaktır sana vaadettiği günler Hak'kın; Kimbilir, belki yarın, belki yarından da yakın.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Bastığın yerleri “toprak” diyerek geçme, tanı!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Düşün, altında binlerce kefensiz yatanı.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Sen şehit oğlusun, incitme, yazıktır atanı; Verme, dünyaları alsan da bu cennet vatan Kim bu cennet vatanın uğruna olmaz ki feda?


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Şüheda fışkıracak toprağı sıksan, şüheda!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Cani, cananı, bütün varımı alsın da Hüda, Etmesin tek vatanımdan beni dünyada cüda.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Ruhumun senden, divine sudur ancak emeli; Değmesin mabedimin goğsüne na-mahrem eli!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Bu ezanlar ki şahadetleri dinin temeli, Ebedi yurdumun üstünde benim inlemeli O age vecd ile bin secde eder varsa taşım; Her cerihamdan, divine, boşanıp kanlı yaşım, Fışkırır ruh-i mücerret gibi yerden naşım; yükselerek arşa değer belki başım!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Dalgalan sen de safaklar gibi ey şanlı hilal; Olsun artık dökülen kanlarımın hepsi helal!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Ebediyyen sana yok, ırkıma yok izmihlal.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Hakkıdır, hür yaşamış bayrağımın hürriyet; Hakkıdır, Hak'ka tapan milletimin istiklal!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Translation of the second first stanza Do not be afraid!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

The red flag that flutters in this dawn shall never wear off Before the last blazing bonfire in my country burns down And that is the star of my people, and it shall be brilliant forever That is mine; and only my people do not frown, I do not whine, oh the Crescent Sweet Smile for my brave country!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Why be angry, why the wrath?


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

The blood we shed for you will not be in vain. For independence is the essential right of my people who praise the Lord I have been free from the beginning and for all. Which lunatic would dare to chain me?


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

I'm against it!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

I'm like a roaring flood, strong and independent.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

I'll tear up mountains, beyond space, and I'll still be flowing.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

The land is surrounded by Westerners armed with iron walls.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Yet I have a border guarded by the mighty bosom of the trustees.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Know the power from within you my friend, and think: “How can this blazing fire of faith be extinguished, by the toothed monster that invaded.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

My friend! Leave not our homeland to the hands of the unjust.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Make your chest a shield and your body a trench!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Had this disgraceful assault.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Because there will soon come the day of the holy covenant.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Who knows> Maybe tomorrow?


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Maybe even sooner.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Don't look at the land where you tread a piece of land, get to know!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

And think about the thousands of warriors without shrouds lying under you..


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

You are the holy child of a suhada, don't hurt your predecessors.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Do not give you this heavenly homeland even if you are offered the world.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Which human does not want to die for this kind of heavenly land.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Syuhada will be sprung when our land is rebut!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Shuhada!


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

No what God took everything I loved and everything I had.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

But do not keep me away from my true homeland Oh resounding Lord, the desire of my heart is that no dirty hands touch the shrine of my holy shrine of Azan and Shahadat to which my ears are accustomed, is the cornerstone of my religion.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

And let this great voice lay out loud and long into all my immortal homeland For only then, my tired tombstone, when there was a stu, prostrated a thousand times in delight and tears of blazing blood flowed from all my wounds.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

And my dead body loomed out of the earth like an immortal soul, and perhaps only then could I rise upward and reach for heaven, so waved and fluttered in the bright twilight sky, O scintillating crescent that every drop of our blood was precious.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Never will you and our race be extinguished.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

For independence is the essential right of my flag fluttering.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

For independence is the essential right of my people who praise God.


Question: Is the name of the Turkish national anthem?

İstiklâl Marşı

Category:National Anthem Category:Turkey


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Maxism class theory rests on the thought that the history of the society that exists to the present day is the history of class struggle. [1]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

In other words, class theory presupposes that the main culprits in society are social classes. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

For example, human alienation is the result of oppression of a class by another class. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

The theory put forward by Karl Marx is not an explicit theory, but a background to Marx's description of the laws of historical development, capitalism and socialism. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

In this theory, Marx distinguished societies based on modes of production (technology and division of labor). [3]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

From each of these modes of production was born a different class system whereby a class controls the production system (the capital owner class) and the other class is the direct producer and service provider for the dominant class (working class). [3]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

It is these economic factors that ultimately govern social relations in capitalism society. [4]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Social class According to Lenin, social class is considered a social group within an order of society determined by a certain position in the production process. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

A similar point was also put forward by Marx that class is rooted in the social relationship of production, rather than the relationship in distribution and consumption. [5]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

According to Marx, the main culprits in social change are not individuals, but social classes. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

In every society there is a ruling class and a controlled class or in other words there is an upper class and a lower class. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Marx divided the social classes into three classes, namely the laborers, the capital owners and the landlords. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

However, in capitalist societies, landlords are incorporated into the people of capital owners. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

The owner of capital (bourgeois) The owner of capital is the owner of the tools of production, buying and exploiting labor and using the surplus value (more value) of workers to accumulate or expand their capital. [4]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Labour (proletariat) Labour is a workforce that only has the ability to work with their hands and minds. [4]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

These workers must seek income to the owners of capital. [4]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

In the capitalist system, the laborers and the owners of capital do need each other. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Labour can only work if the owner of the capital opens the workplace.


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Capital owners need laborers to work on their business activities. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

However, this dependence is not balanced. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Labour cannot work if the owner of capital does not provide employment, but the owner of capital can still live without the laborer because he can sell his factory to someone else. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

It can be said that the labourers are the weak class, while the owners of capital are the strong class. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

The division of society within the upper class and lower classes is characteristic of capitalist society. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

The interclass relationship is in essence an exploitation relationship. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Individual, class interests and revolutions The opposition between laborers and owners of capital is not because of envious laborers or selfish employers, but rather because the interests of the two classes are objectively opposite each other. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

There are three elements in the class theory that Karl Marx put forward. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

First, the magnitude of the role of the structural facet compared to the facet of consciousness and morality. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

The opposition between laborers and owners of capital is objective because their interests are determined by their respective positions in the production process. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Therefore, the call for each side to resolve the conflict in deliberation cannot be done. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Second, the interests of the capital and labor class objectively have been at odds. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

This causes each party to take a different attitude towards social change. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

The owners of capital are conservative, while the laborers are revolutionary. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Capital owners as much as possible maintain the status quo, while laborers are interested in making changes. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Third, progress in the makeup of society can only be achieved through revolution. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

The lower class is interested in fighting and overthrowing the upper class. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Instead, the upper class sought to maintain its power. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Therefore, changes in social systems can only be done by means of violence, through revolution. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

According to Marx, the state is by nature a class country which means the state is directly or indirectly controlled by a class that controls the field of economics. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Therefore, the state is not an institution that governs a selfless society, but is a tool for the upper classes to secure their power. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

The state position is not neutral, but rather siding with a certain class. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

The state only pretends to act in the name of the welfare of the people, but it is actually just a trick to trick the working class. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Ideology ideology is a teaching that explains a state, especially a power structure so that people consider it valid when it is invalid. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

This ideological approach for example the state claims that it embodies the general interest whereas it serves the interests of the upper class. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Ideology in the true sense is not a means by which the upper classes to cheat. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Ideology is completely trusted by the whole society innocently.


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

However, religion, morality and various cultural values by themselves benefit the upper class. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

This is due to the upper classes who master the means of materil and spiritual production which means only the upper classes are able to formalize and spread their thoughts. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

The conclusion of Marx's critique of ideology is that we should be suspicious if rulers preach people about their sublime values and moral obligations because unwittingly, such sermons are full of selflessness. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Criticism of the working Class in developed capitalist countries that Marx thought would go towards the revolution of the proletariat actually succeeded in improving their circumstances and becoming advocates of the capitalist economic system. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

The progress of workers is certainly not a gift from the owners of capital, but is the result of the struggle of the workers themselves without the need for revolution. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Therefore, what Marx said that social improvement can only be achieved through revolution is incorrect. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

The right thing is every social improvement must be fought for. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

In addition, the view that a state is in essence a class country is not necessarily true. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

In a country that does not adhere to a democratic system it does happen. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

However, in a country with a democratic system, a state is not a class country.


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

The more democratic a country is then the less it becomes a class country. [2]


Question: Who first studied the Theory of Maxism class?

Class theory of Marxism

Reference Category:Marxism Category:Critical theory


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

His birth name Jalil, then held Tumenggung Tiger Negara (popular name Tumenggung Jalil),, then held Kiai Adipati Anom Wall Raja (born in Kampung Palbangan, Hulu Sungai Utara in 1840 — died in Fort Tundakan, Balangan on 24 September 1861 at the age of 21 years) was warlords in the Banjar War with a defensive base in Banua Lima, the interior of South Kalimantan.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Jalil is a jaba (Banjar: not bloody nobleman).


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Since childhood he was known to be brave and swordsman in martial arts.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

By the time he was 20 years old he was involved in the resistance against the Dutch in Tanah Habang village and Lok Bangkass.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Because of his heroism he is known as Kaminting Pikudakan (Banjar: jagoan/jawara).


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Tumenggung Jalil Composing the Power of Jalil was given the title Tumenggung Tiger Negara by Sultan Tamjidullah II, which is why he is also known as Tumenggung Jalil.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Then Tumenggung Jalil sided with Prince Hidayatullah's bowl and was given the title Kiai Adipati Anom Wall Raja by Prince Hidayatullah.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

In 1859 Tumenggung Jalil had composed a force in Banua Lima.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Tumenggung Jalil made guard posts around Babirik, Alabio and Banar River.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Around the Amuntai Mosque was erected a fort.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

On the river are created obstacles making it difficult for ships to pass.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Battles at Amuntai, Balangan and Tabalong In early February 1860, the Dutch deployed Admiral van Kingsbergen's warships and Bernet's ships with several hundred soldiers and cannon troops led by Major Gustave Verspijck.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

The warship eventually reached Alabio, and so was forced to use smaller boats or boats because of the many obstacles on the river.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Fighting took place around the Amuntai Mosque.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

From this mosque came out tireless people's soldiers stormed with only spears, machetes bungkul and mandau chanting Allahu Akbar invaded the Dutch.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Casualties fall and war faces.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

The spirit of defending religion and fighting against the infidels and dying in that war is a high spirit of patriotism that fills the bosom of every people who fought against the Dutch colonists.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

The fortifications around the mosque were firmly defended under the leadership of Matia or Mathiyassin, the chief aide of Tumenggung Jalil valiantly ramped against the Dutch soldiers.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

The hundred who became shuhada in the battle, 44 of whom were buried in Kaludan.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Houses of residents participated in being burned victims as well as surrounding villages bear witness to the heroism of the people of Amuntai maintain religion.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Among the villages that were wiped out was Kampung Karias, and among the houses of the residents who were wiped out there was Tumenggung Jalil house.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

In the ruined former fort, made Dutch bivak, the new fort is located at the confluence of the Balangan river and the Tabalong river.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

This battle occurred on 9 February 1860.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Prince Hidayatullah's troops scattered around Barabai joined Tumenggung Jalil's forces and could withstand the movement of Dutch soldiers around Hambawang Beach.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

In the battle that took place at Lampihong among the Dutch soldiers who were victimized was Captain De Jong.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

This battle caused the Dutch soldiers to retreat.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

The help of Dutch soldiers was then transported by gunboat Boni on 15 May 1860 to and navigate the Tabalong river.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Before reaching the Tabalong area, Dutch soldiers faced the invasion of the people along the river that was passed.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Once in the Tabalong area, there was a battle with Tumenggung Jalil's forces.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

People's resistance was fierce enough causing Dutch soldiers to be forced to retreat to the areas of Kelua and Amuntai.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

It was only in June 1860 that the Dutch managed to occupy the Tabalong area.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Dutch soldiers faced resistance from Prince Hidayatullah's forces, Tumenggung Jalil's forces and Prince Antasari's forces with Tumenggung Surapati centered in Tanah Dusun.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Batu Mandi Fort and Tabalong Tumenggung Jalil Fort then made fortifications in Batu Mandi and from this fort could sever the Dutch soldier link between Barabai and Lampihong.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

The fort is located on top of a hill and around it is given obstacles, such as trenches, trap holes, noose ropes and large pieces of wood trees that can at any time be toppled from the hill.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

The fort was entrusted to Penghulu Mudin.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

When the Dutch soldiers stormed and climbed the hill that was used as a fort, there were many casualties from the Dutch, because of traps (mines) made.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Among those who fell victim was the leader of this raid Sergeant van de Bosch.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Having failed to board the fort, Dutch soldiers fired on this fort with cannons from below.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Meanwhile Prince Antasari strengthened the fort of Tabalong.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Prince Antasari raised a flag above the fortress, which was a red flag with two crisscrossed keris.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

The Batu Mandi Fort was solemnly prepared by Prince Antasari and Prince Hidayatullah.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Besides, there are also Prince Sharif Umar (Prince Hidayatullah's sister-in-law) and Prince Usman (the victory of Prince Hidayatullah).


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

While Tumenggung Jalil prepares defense along the Balangan river.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Before reaching this fort, there are defensive camps in Balangan trunk.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

In Batang Altai area there is a force under the leadership of Demang Jaya Negara Seman and Kiai Jayapati.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

The center of power had been divided and scattered Prince Antasari remained around Amuntai, Kalua and Tabalong, while Jalil was at the center of power in Pasimbi, trying to hinder the movement of Dutch soldiers towards Batu Mandi.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

The defense camps of Jalil besides in Pasimbi, also contained in Lampihong, Layap, Muara Pitap and others.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

When the Dutch soldiers got to the Batu Mandi fort on 13 October 1860 it turned out that the fort had been cosonged.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

The Dutch were very disappointed because before reaching the fort of Batu Mandi, the Dutch soldiers faced intense resistance from all corners, it turned out that the fort had been empty.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

The battle at Tundakan Fort 24 September 1861 Prince Antasari's defensive line between Pengaron fort, Tundakan fort and Mount Tongka (in Barito area) was a base for struggle that the Dutch could not easily conquer.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Tumenggung Jalil after being hit at Banua Lima, then merged itself into Tundakan fort together Tumenggung Baro and Prince Maradipa.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

When the battle ensued the Dutch army that stormed Tundakan fortress, many casualties fell on both sides.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

The fort at was defended with all its might by the unsurrendered warriors.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Martyrdom is their dream in every battle to face the Dutch pagans.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

The battle occurred on September 24, 1861.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Tumenggung Jalil defended the fort together with Prince Antasari and other warrior figures.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Tundakan Fort was only defended with 30 cannon shoots and much smaller muskets than with Dutch armament.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Although with a small arsenal, but with an unsurrendered fighting spirit, finally the Dutch were forced to retreat and could be driven away from the place of battle.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Thus the castle of Tundakan can be defended and saved.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

After the end it turned out Tumenggung Jalil fall as the nation's chumma.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

The bodies were found in a pile of piles of bodies of Dutch soldiers, far outside the fort.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

As the war raged, Tumenggung Jalil rampaged into the enemy's midst, and he became a victim together with the Dutch soldiers he killed.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Tumenggung Jalil became a martyr, a son of the best nation was lost.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Dutch hatred of Tumenggung Jalil as his most feared enemy, trying to find where Tumenggung's grave is.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Finally the traitor of the struggle told the location of the grave.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

His grave was dismantled by Dutch accomplices, his skull was taken and stored in the Netherlands, the rest of his body was destroyed and he was a warrior of a nation that had no grave.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Van Rees WA Referral. 1865.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

De Bandjarmasinsche Krijg van 1859-1863, Arnhem: Thieme.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

M.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Gazali Usman, Kingdom of Banjar: History of Political Development, Economy, Trade and Islamic Religion, Banjarmasin: Hull Mangkurat Press, 1994.


Question: When was Kiai Duke Anom Wall King born?

Tumenggung Jalil

Outlink {{subst: #if:jalil, aggregate|}} [[Category: {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1840}} || UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of birth missing {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1861}} ||LIVING =( living people)}} | #default =1840 births}}] [Category: {subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1861}} || LIVING =Living people| UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of death missing | #default =1861 deaths}}]] Category:Banjar War Category:Figures from North Upstream Category:Figures in the war


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

Chlorphenamine (INN), also referred to as chlorpheniramine (USAN and formerly on BAN), usually marketed in the form of chlorpheniramine maleate, is a first generation alkyl amine antihistamine used in the prevention of symptoms of allergic conditions such as rhinitis and urticaria.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

This compound has a relatively weak sedation effect when compared to other first-generation antihistamines.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

Chlorpheniramine is one of the most commonly used antihistamines in the treatment of small-sized animals.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

Chlorphenamine appears to have an antidepressant or anxiety-relieving effect, although it is not formally indicated. [1] [2] Medical use of Chlorphenamine combination products are usually combined with phenylpropanolamine in the form of allergy drugs that have anti-histamine effects and decongestants, although phenylpropanolamine preparations are no longer available in the United States due to studies that found that phenylpropanolamine increases the risk of strokes in young women.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

Chlorphenamine preparations remain in circulation because they do not have these risks.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

Some of the brands available include Demazin, Allerest 12 Hour, Codral Nighttime, Chlornade, Contac 12 Hour, Exchange Select Allergy Multi-Symptom, A. R. M. Allergy Relief, Ordrine, Ornade Spansules, Teldrin, Triaminic, and Tylenol Cold/Allergy.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

Chlorphenamine is available in combination form with narcotic (hydrocodone) in the preparation Tussionex, which is indicated for the therapy of cough and upper respiratory tract symptoms associated with allergies or colds in adults and children 6 years old or older. [3]


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

This product is a scheduled release preparation, so it can be given every 12 hours, when compared to other narcotic preparations for cough reduction given every 4-6 hours. Chlorphenamine/dihydrocodeine syrup preparations are also available on the market.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

Anti-histamine in this preparation is useful for cough conditions caused by allergies or colds; it also stimulates opioid receptors, thereby strengthening the effect of cough suppression, analgesic and other effects if administered in certain doses.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

Cough and cold products containing codeine and chlorphenamine are available in many places in parts of the world.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

In the product Coricidin, chlorphenamine is combined with the cough suppressant drug dextromethorphan.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

Side effects Chlorphenamine side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, headache, constipation, anxiety, nausea, blurred gaze, restlessness, decreased ability to coordinate, dry mouth, short breath, hallucinsai, easy feeling distracted, memory impairment or difficulty concentrating, ringing ears and urination disorders.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

A study linked Chlorphenamine and other first-generation anti-histamines to the incidence of Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia because chlorphenamine has anticholinergic effects. [4]


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

Pharmacology Chlorphenamine is a potent antihistamine.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

Chlorphenamine primarily works as an inverse agonist of H1 histamine receptors.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

This drug is also mentioned to have anti-cholinergic activity through the antagonistic effect of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

The dextrorotatorystereoisomer compound, namely dexchlorphenamine, is reported to have Kd values of 15nM for H1 receptors and 1,300nM for muscarinis acetylkolion receptors in human brain tissue. [14] [15] In addition to being an antagonist of the histamine H1 receptor, chlorphenamine was also found to have the effect of a potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor (Kd value = 15.2nM for serotonin transporter). [6] [16] This compound has a weak affinity for norepinephrine and dopamine transporters (values Kd = 1.440nM and 1.060nM). [6]


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

Another similar anti histamine, namely brompheniramine, was key in the discovery of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) compound zimelidine.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

On a small amount of clinical evidence, chlorphenamine shows the equivalent ability of some anti-depressive drugs to inhibit the process of serotonin reuptake and could be useful for the therapy of depression and anxiety disorders. [17] [18] Pharmacokinetics In one clinical study, the half-life of chlorphenamine in adults vary from 13.9 and 43.4h after single dose administration. [19]


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

Chlorphenamine Chemical Structure belongs to the group of antihistamines including pheniramine (Naphcon) and its halogenated derivatives such as fluorpheniramine, dexchlorphenamine (Polaramine), brompheniramine (Dimetapp), dexbrompheniramine (Drixoral), desklorpheniramine, triprolidine (Actifed), and Yodfeniramine. The anti-histamine group of halogenated alkylamines all have optical isomerism, with chlorphenamine in the available preparations is the racemic form of chlorphenamine maleate, while dexchlorphenamine is a stereoisomer form of dextrorotary.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

How to manufacture There are several methods for chlorphenamine synthesis.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

In one method, 4-chlorophenylasetonitrile is reacted with 2-chloropiridine with the help of sodium amide to form 4-chlorophenyl (2-pyridyl) acetonitrile.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

An advanced process is to perform alication with 2-dimethylaminoethylchloride with the help of sodium amide to produce γ- (4-chlorphenyl) -γ-cyano-N, N-dimethyl-2-pyridinpropanamine, that is, a series of hydrolysis and decarboxylation processes that produce the chlorphenamine end product.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

The second method starts from pyridine compounds, which undergo the process of alkylation by 4-chlorofenylasetonitrile, [20] to produce 2- (4-chlorobenzyl) pyridine.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

The next process is to perform alcication with 2-dimethylaminoethylchloride with the help of sodium amide so that chlorphenamine is produced.


Question: What is the main function of Chlorphenamine?

Chlorphenamine

Category:Antidepressants Category:Anxiolytics Category:Chloroarenes Category:H1 receptor antagonists Category:Local Anesthetics Category:Muscarinic Antagonists Category:Pyridines Category:Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Category:Sodium Channel Blockers Category:World Health Organization essential medicines


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

Merang mushroom (Volvariella volvacea, synonyms: Volvaria volvacea, Agaricus volvaceus, Amanita virgata or Vaginata virgata) or kulat jumpung in the Acehnese language is one of the food fungus species widely cultivated in East Asia and Southeast Asia in tropical or subtropical climate.


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

The designation merang mushroom comes from Chinese cogū (Hanzi:).


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

Description The fledgling fruit bodies are ovate, dark tan to grey in color and sheath-protected.


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

On the fruit bodies of adult inflamed fungi, the hood develops like a grayish dark brown saucer with light brown stem parts.


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

The inflamed mushrooms sold for consumption purposes are fledgling fruit bodies whose hood has not developed.


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

Merang mushrooms are cultivated inside buildings called bundles.


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

As the name implies this mushroom grows both on inflamed media and composted straw.


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

But further cultivation practices also found this mushroom growing both on paper waste compost, palm blank bunches, banana stem compost and bio-mass compost in general.


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

According to research, cotton waste is the medium that provides the best production and growth results for inflamed mushrooms.


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

The inflamed mushroom is known as warm mushroom, alive and able to survive at relatively high temperatures, between 30-38°C with optimum temperature at 35°C.


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

Benefits Cultivation of this fungus is not difficult.


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

Harvesting is done against fruit bodies that are not fully developed (still buds), although fruit bodies that have opened their umbrella can still be consumed even though harnga sales decline.


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

Merang mushrooms have a pleasant taste, savory, and do not easily change shape if cooked, so they are used for a variety of dishes, such as mushroom chicken noodles, stir-fried mushrooms, pepes mushrooms, soups and capcay.


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

The center of production of merang mushrooms in Indonesia is located in the Dieng Plateau.


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

In the Asian countries that cultivate it, inflamed mushrooms are sold in fresh form.


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

In cool climates only canned inflamed mushrooms are available.


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

The protein content of mushrooms is quite high, in 100 gr of fresh mushrooms are contained about 3.2 gr of protein, this amount will increase to 16 gr if the mushrooms are in a dry state.


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

In addition, the mushroom also has a fairly high content of calcium and phosphorus, 51 mg and 223 mg, and contains 105 kj calories, with a low fat content, 0.9 gr. Proper selection of spores and mycelium of inflamed mushrooms, will produce inflamed mushrooms (larger than other merang mushrooms), such as those produced by susi S.P and Soesiadi from Ds jatiroto, lumajang, east Java.


Question: what is the amount of protein in 100gr chicken eggs?

Fungus inflamed

Outside Links Category:Mushroom Food Category:Basidiomycota


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

Ka|jmpl|300px|Nigerian River map with its river valleys in green.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

It appears that the river is headwaters in Guinea, then veers into the continent, and finally downstream into the ocean in Nigeria.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

The Niger River is the main river in west Africa, with a length of more than 2500 miles (or 4000km).


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

It flows through Guinea, Mali, Niger, on the Benin border and then through Nigeria, downstream through an enormous river delta, known as the Niger Delta, heading into the Gulf of Guinea.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

The Niger River is the third longest river in Africa, after the Nile and the Congo River (formerly better known as the Zaïre River).


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

Its main tributary is the Benue River.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

Etymology The source of the real name Niger, is unknown.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

It is generally considered that this word is taken from the Latin word niger meaning black.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

But there is no evidence that supports this notion, and perhaps this word is derived from Portuguese explorers who used the word in their language negro or preto, as they used elsewhere in the world; for after all the Niger River is not a blackwater river ( see Rio Negro).


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

The name was later thought to be derived from a local/indigenous word, but there is no conclusive word among the 30 languages around the Niger delta and the area around the river.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

One hypothesis is that the word comes from the Tuareg phrase gher n gheren or “river among the rivers” (shortened to ngher), derived from the mid-river area around Timbuktu.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

The countries of Nigeria and Niger are named from this river.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

People living around this river have various designations for it, such as Jeliba in the Manding dam Isa Ber (“big river”) language in Songhay language.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

Ancient Rome referred to Niger as Dasibari.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

The middle and late stream regions call it Quorra, which is also unknown in origin.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

The geography of the Niger River is a relatively “clear” river, which drains only one-tenth of sediment rather than the Nile.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

This is due to the headwaters of Niger located on ancient rocks that only slightly release deposits. [1]


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

However, as with the Nile, the Niger river is always seasonally flooded, beginning in September, peaking in November, and ending in May. [2]


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

A distinctive feature of this river is the Niger Inland Delta, which is formed in areas where the river slopes are broken. [2]


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

The result is a region with streams such as bands, marshes, and lakes as large as the country of Belgium; and seasonal floods make the Delta unusually productive in both fisheries and agriculture. [3]


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

The Niger River has an unusual flow shape as generally other major rivers.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

A form of boomerang that baffled European geographers for two millenniums.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

It was only 150 miles (240km) from the Atlantic Ocean, but it flowed away from the ocean into the Sahara Desert, and suddenly broke right heading southeast to the Gulf of Guinea.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

The Ancient Romans thought that the flow of this river near Timbuktu was part of the Nile (like Pliny), the same thing that was also thought by Ibn Batutah, while in the early 17th century European explorers thought that it was flowing westward and into the River Senegal.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

The real truth may have been known to the aborigines there, but Westerners only came to know it in the late 19th century.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

This peculiar geographical shape is clearly a composite of two ancient rivers into one.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

The early part of the Niger river, headwaters from the trading city of Timbuktu to the bend in the current river, once emptied into a lake (which at this point was gone), while the next part of the Niger river began in the hills near the lake and flowed south to Gulf of Guinea.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

As the Sahara dried up in 4000—1000 BC, the two rivers changed their flow and interlocked.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

(This explanation is generally accepted, although there are experts-geologists who disagree.)


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

This unusual geographical shape has made the northern part of this river, more commonly known as the Niger bend, into an important region.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

This bend was the nearest major river and became a source of irrigation for the Sahara desert; and thus made it a center of trade across the western Sahara.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

This lucrative trade made the bend the center of the Sahel kingdoms of Mali and Gao. pire|Mali]] and Gao.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

The Niger River in a fictional story The long stretch of the Niger River is the setting for the stories of the author of the novel Clive Cussler, and for a 2005 action-adventure film “Sahara”.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

The river was also the backdrop for T. Coraghessan Boyle's major work, “Water Music”.


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

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Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

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Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

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Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

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Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River


Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

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Question: Is the color of the water of the Niger River?

Niger River

Niger Niger Niger Niger Reference


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The history of computers includes hardware, its architecture, and its influence on software.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Computer understanding Computer is a tool used to process data according to formulated commands.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The word computer was originally used to describe people whose work is doing arithmetic calculations, with or without aids, but the meaning of this word is then transferred to the machine itself.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

In the beginning, information processing almost exclusively relates to arithmetic problems, but modern computers are used for many tasks that are not related to mathematics.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Broadly speaking, a computer can be defined as an electronic equipment consisting of several components, which can work together between one component and another to produce an information based on existing programs and data.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The computer components include: Screen Monitor, CPU, Keyboard, Mouse and Printer (sbg complement).


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Without a printer the computer can still do its job as a data processor, but limited to visible on the screen monitor is not yet in the form of print out (paper).


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

In such definitions there are tools such as slide rule, a type of mechanical calculator ranging from abakus onwards, to all contemporary electronic computers.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Better terms suitable for such broad meanings as “computer” are “which processes information” or “information-processing system.”


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Nowadays, computers are already getting more sophisticated.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

But, before computers were not as small, as sophisticated, as cool and light as they are now.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

In the history of computers, there have been 5 generations in the history of computers.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The first generation of computers With the onset of the Second World War, countries involved in the war sought to develop computers to exploit the strategic potential that computers had.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

This increased the funding of computer development as well as accelerated the advancement of computer engineering.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

In 1941, Konrad Zuse, a German engineer built a computer, the Z3, to design airplanes and control bullets.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Allied parties also made other advances in the development of computer power.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

In 1943, the British completed a secret codebreaking computer called Colossus to crack the secret codes used by the Germans.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The impact of making Colossus did not greatly affect the development of the computer industry for two reasons.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

First, Colossus is not a general-purpose computer, it is simply designed to crack secret codes.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Secondly, the existence of these machines was kept secret for up to a decade after the end of the war.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The effort made by the American side at the time resulted in another advance.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Howard H. Aiken (1900—1973), a Harvard engineer who worked with IBM, successfully manufactured electronic calculators for the U.S. Navy.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Those calculators measure the length of half a football court and have a 500-mile range of wires.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The Harvard-IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, or Mark I, is an electronic relay computer.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

It uses electromagnetic signals to drive mechanical components.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The machine opredates slowly (it takes 3-5 seconds for each calculation) and is inflexible (the calculation order cannot be changed).


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Such calculators can perform basic arithmatic calculations and more complex equations.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Another computer development in the present is the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), created by cooperation between the United States government and the University of Pennsylvania.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Consisting of 18,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 resistors, and 5 million soldering points, the computer is a very large machine that consumes 160kW of power.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

This computer was designed by John Presper Eckert (1919-1995) and John W. Mauchly (1907-1980), ENIAC was a versatile computer (general purpose computer) that worked 1000 times faster than the Mark I. In the mid-1940s, John von Neumann (1903-1957) joined the University of Pennsylvania in an effort to build a computer design concept that up to 40 years to come is still used in computer engineering.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Von Neumann designed the Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC) in 1945 with a memory to hold both programs or data.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

This technique allows the computer to stop at some point and then resume its work again.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The main key to von Neumann's architecture is the central processing unit (CPU), which allows the entire computer's functions to be coordinated through a single source.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

In 1951, UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) made by Remington Rand, became the first commercial computer to utilize the aforementioned Von Neumann architectural model.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Both the United States Census Agency and General Electric own UNIVAC.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

One of the impressive results achieved by UNIVAC was its success in predicting Dwilight D. Eisenhower's victory in the presidential election of 1952.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Computers The first generation is characterized by the fact that the operating instructions are created specifically for a specific task.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Each computer has a different binary code program called “machine language” (machine language).


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

This causes the computer to be difficult to program and limits its speed.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Another feature of first-generation computers was the use of vacuum tubes (which made computers at the time very large) and magnetic cylinders for data storage.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Second generation In 1948, the invention of the transistor greatly influenced the development of computers.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in televisions, radios, and computers.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

As a result, the size of the electric machines is drastically reduced.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Transistors began to be used inside computers starting in 1956.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Another invention in the form of the development of magnetic core-memory helped the development of second generation computers that were smaller, faster, more reliable, and more energy-efficient than their predecessors.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The first machine to take advantage of this new technology was a supercomputer.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

IBM made a supercomputer named Stretch, and Sprery-Rand made a computer named LARC.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

These computers, developed for atomic energy laboratories, can handle large amounts of data, an ability that is desperately needed by atomic researchers.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Such machines are very expensive and tend to be too complex for business computing needs, thus limiting their popularity.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

There were only two LARCs ever installed and used: one at Lawrence Radiation Labs in Livermore, California, and the other at the U.S. Navy Research and Development Center in Washington D.C. A second-generation computer replaced machine language with assembly language.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Assembly language is a language that uses abbreviations to replace binary code.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

In the early 1960s, began to emerge successful second-generation computers in business, in universities, and in government.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

These second generation computers are computers that fully use transistors.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

They also have components that can be associated with computers at this point: printers, storage in diskettes, memory, operating systems, and programs.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

One notable example of computers in these times was the 1401 which was widely accepted among industry.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

By 1965, almost all major businesses were using second-generation computers to processinform finance.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The programs stored inside the computer and the programming languages that are in it provide flexibility to the computer.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

This flexibility improves performance at a price that is appropriate for business use.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

With this concept, computers can print consumer purchase invoices and then run product designs or calculate payrolls.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Several programming languages started popping up at the time.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The Common Business-Oriented Language (COBOL) and Formula Translator (FORTRAN) programming languages came into common use.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

This programming language replaces complicated machine code with words, sentences, and mathematical formulas that are easier to understand by humans.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

This makes it easier for a person to program and set up a computer.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

A whole range of new careers have sprung up (programmers, systems analysts, and computer systems experts).


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Industr software also began to emerge and develop during the time of these second generation computers.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The third generation Although transistors in many ways outperform vacuum tubes, they produce considerable heat, which can potentially damage the internal parts of the computer.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Quartz stone (quartz rock) eliminates this problem.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Jack Kilby, an engineer at Texas Instrument, developed the integrated circuit (IC: integrated circuit) in 1958.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

IC combines three electronic components in a small silicon disc made of quartz sand.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Scientists then managed to put more components into a single chip called semiconductor.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

As a result, computers become increasingly smaller as the components can be compacted in the chip.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Another third-generation computer advancement is the use of an operating system (operating system) that allows the machine to run a variety of different programs synchronously with a main program that monitors and coordinates the computer's memory.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Fourth generation After IC, the development goal became clearer: shrinking the size of circuits and electrical components.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Large Scale Integration (LSI) can load hundreds of components in a chip.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

In the 1980s, Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) loaded thousands of components in a single chip.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Ultra-Large Scale Integration (ULSI) increases that number to millions.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The ability to install such a large number of components in a piece that has less than half a piece of metal money drives down the price and size of the computer.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

It also increases the working power, efficiency and reliability of computers.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The Intel 4004 chip made in 1971brought progress on ICs by putting all components of a computer (central processing unit, memory, and input/output control) in a very small chip.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Previously, ICs were created to perform a specific specific task.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Now, a microprocessor can be manufactured and then programmed to meet all desired needs.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Not long after, every household appliances such as microwaves, ovens, televisions, and cars with electronic fuel injection (EFI) were equipped with microprocessors.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Such developments allowed ordinary people to use ordinary computers.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Computers are no longer the dominance of large corporations or government agencies.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

By the middle of the 1970s, computer assemblers were offering their computer products to the general public.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

These computers, called minicomputers, are sold with software packages that are easy to use by ordinary people.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The most popular software at the time was word processing and spreadsheet programs.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

In the early 1980s, video games such as the Atari 2600 drew consumers' attention to more sophisticated and programmable home computers.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

In 1981, IBM introduced the use of the Personal Computer (PC) for home, office, and school use.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The number of PCs in use jumped from 2 million units in 1981 to 5.5 million units in 1982.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Ten years later, 65 million PCs were used.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Computers continue their evolution towards smaller sizes, from computers that are on a desk (desktop computer) to computers that can be put in bags (laptops), or even computers that can be grasped (palmtop).


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The IBM PC competed with the Apple Macintosh in fighting over the computer market.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The Apple Macintosh became famous for mobilizing graphics systems on its computers, while its rivals still used computers that were text-based.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The Macintosh also promotes the use of mouse devices.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Today, we know the journey of IBM compatible with CPU usage: IBM PC/486, Pentium, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV (Serial from Intel CPU).


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Also we know AMD k6, Athlon, etc.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

These all fall into the class of fourth-generation computers.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Along with the proliferation of computer use in the workplace, new ways to unearth potential continue to be developed.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

As a small computer grows in strength, they can be connected simultaneously in a network to share memory, software, information, and also to be able to communicate with one another.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Computer networks allow a single computer to form electronic cooperation to complete a task process.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

By using direct wiring (also called Local Area Network or LAN), or [telephone cable, these networks can evolve to be very large.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Fifth generation Defining a fifth-generation computer becomes quite difficult because this stage is still very young.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

An imaginative example of a fifth-generation computer is the fictional computer HAL9000 from a novel by Arthur C. Clarke titled 2001: Space Odyssey.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

HAL displays the entire desired functionality of a fifth-generation computer.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

With artificial intelligence (AI), HAL can have enough reason to accomplish with humans, use visual input, and learn from its own experiences.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Although it is possible that the realization of HAL9000 is still far from reality, many of the functions it has have already been realized.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Some computers can receive instructions orally and are capable of imitating human reasoning.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The ability to translate foreign languages has also become possible.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The facility seems simple.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

But the facility becomes much more complicated than thought when programmers realize that human sense depends largely on context and understanding rather than simply translating words directly.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Many advances in the field of computer design and technology are increasingly enabling the creation of fifth-generation computers.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Two foremost engineering advances are parallel processing capabilities, which will replace the non Neumann model.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The non Neumann model will be replaced with a system capable of coordinating many CPUs to work in unison.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Another advancement is superconducting technology that allows electrical flow without any obstacles, which can later accelerate the speed of information.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Japan is a country renowned for its socialization of jargon and fifth-generation computer projects.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

The ICOT Institute (Institute for new Computer Technology) was also set up to realize it.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Many news states that this project has failed, but some other information that the success of this fifth generation computer project will bring a new change of computerized paradigm in the world.


Question: what year was the computer first invented?

History of computers

Outside links


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Fatahillah Museum has the official name of Jakarta History Museum is a museum located on Jalan Taman Fatahillah No. 1, West Jakarta with an area of more than 1,300 square meters.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

This building was formerly the city hall of Batavia (Dutch: Stadhuis van Batavia) built in 1707-1712 by order of Governor-General Joan van Hoorn.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

The building resembles the Dam Palace in Amsterdam, consisting of a main building with two wings on the east and west and sanding buildings used as offices, court rooms, and dungeons used as prisons.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

On 30 March 1974, the building was subsequently inaugurated as the Fatahillah Museum.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Historical History Building At the beginning, the first town hall in Batavia was built in 1620 on the eastern edge of Kali Besar.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

The building only survived for six years before it was finally demolished in order to face an attack from Sultan Agung's forces in 1626. [1]


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Instead, it was rebuilt the town hall by order of Governor-General Jan Pieterszoon Coen in 1627.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Its location was in the area of Nieuwe Markt (now Fatahillah Park). [2]


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

According to historical records, this second town hall was only single-storey and construction of the second level was carried out later.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

In 1648 the condition of the town hall was very poor.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

The soil in the city of Batavia which is very labile and the weight of this building causes it to slowly descend from the ground level.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Finally in 1707, by order of Governor-General Joan van Hoorn, it was demolished and rebuilt using the same foundation.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

The inauguration of the third town hall was conducted by Governor-General Abraham van Riebeeck on 10 July 1710, two years before the present building was completed in its entirety. [2]


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

For two centuries, this Batavian town hall was used as the administrative office of the city of Batavia.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

In addition it is also used as the premises of the College van Schepenen (Township Council) and the Raad van Justitie (Court Council).


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Initially the trial of the Court Council was conducted inside Batavia Castle.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

However it was moved to the east wing of the city hall and then moved to the new courthouse in 1870. [2]


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Batavia city hall also has a detention room which during the VOC was used as the main prison in Batavia city.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

A single-storey building once stood behind the town hall as a jail.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

The prison was devoted to prisoners who were able to finance their own prisoner rooms.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

But it is different from the prison which is under the main building.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

There was almost no ventilation and lack of illumination light until eventually many prisoners died before trial in the Court Council.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Most of them died from suffering from cholera, typhus and lack of oxygen.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

The prison at the town hall was closed in 1846 and moved to the east of Molenvliet Oost.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Some of the prisoners who once occupied the city hall prison were former Dutch Governor-General in Sri Lanka Petrus Vuyst, Untung Suropati and Prince Diponegoro. [2]


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

In the late 19th century, the city of Batavia began to extend into the southern regions.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

So that the position of Batavia city was upgraded to Gemeente Batavia.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

As a result of the expansion of the city of Batavia, the activity of Batavia city hall was transferred in 1913 to Tanah Abang West (now Abdul Muis street No. 35, Central Jakarta) and transferred again to Koningsplein Zuid in 1919 (now Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No. 8-9, Central Jakarta) to date. [3]


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

The former city hall building was then used as the Government Office of West Java until 1942.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

During the Japanese occupation period, the building was used for the Dai Nippon logistics collection office.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

After Indonesia became independent, the building was again used as a West Java Provincial Government Office besides occupied by the headquarters of Military Command Kota I until 1961.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

After that it was used as the Provincial Government Office of DKI Djakarta.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

In 1970, the building of the former city hall of Batavia was designated as a Cultural Reserve building. [4]


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

After that time Governor of Jakarta Ali Sadikin renovated the entire building and inaugurated on 30 March 1974 as the Jakarta History Museum.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

As is common in Europe, the town hall is equipped with a field named Stadhuisplein.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

According to a painting made by Johannes Rach, in the center of the field is a fountain which is the only source of water for the local people.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

The water comes from Pancoran Glodok which is connected by a pipe towards Stadhuiplein.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

But the fountain disappeared in the 19th century.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

In 1972, excavations were held against the field and a fountain foundation was discovered complete with its pipes.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

So with historical evidence it can be rebuilt according to the image of Johannes Rach, then a fountain in the middle of Fatahillah Garden.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

In 1973 the Jakarta local government refunctioned the park by giving it a new name of '''Fatahillah Taman” 'in memory of the commander of Fatahillah the founder of the city of Jayakarta.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

History Museum In 1937, the Oud Batavia Foundation submitted plans to establish a museum regarding the history of Batavia, the foundation then purchased the warehouse of the company Geo Wehry & Co located east of Kali Besar precisely on Jl. North Great Door No. 27 (now the Puppet Museum) and rebuilt it as the Oud Batavia Museum.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

This Old Batavia Museum was opened to the public in 1939.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

During the time of independence the museum was transformed into Djakarta Lama Museum under the auspices of LKI (Indonesian Cultural Institute) and then in 1968 the ''Museum Djakarta Lama'' was handed over to the local government of DKI Jakarta.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

The Governor of Jakarta at the time, Ali Sadikin, then inaugurated the building into the Jakarta History Museum on 30 March 1974.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

To improve its performance and appearance, Jakarta History Museum since 1999 determined to make this museum not just a place to care for, exhibit objects dating from the Batavian period, but also must be a place for all people both Indonesian and foreign, children -children, adults even for people with disabilities to add knowledge and experience and can be enjoyed as a place of recreation.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Therefore, Jakarta History Museum seeks to provide information about the long journey of Jakarta's history, from prehistoric times to the present in a more recreative form.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

In addition, through its exhibition, Jakarta History Museum seeks to portray “Jakarta as a Cultural Meeting Center” of various tribal groups both from inside and outside Indonesia and the history of Jakarta completely.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Jakarta History Museum also always tries to organize recreative activities so as to stimulate visitors to be attracted to Jakarta and raise awareness of the importance of cultural heritage.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Architectural Architecture of the building is Neoclassical style [2] with three floors with ground yellow paint, door frames and windows of dark green teak wood.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

The main roof section has an eye direction pointer.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

The museum has an area of more than 1,300 square meters.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

A yard with a conblock arrangement, and a pond decorated with some old trees.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

The collection of objects that can be found in this museum include the historical journey of Jakarta, replicas of the relics of Tarumanegara and Pajajaran, the results of archaeological excavations in Jakarta, antique furniture ranging from the 17th to 19th centuries, which is a blend of European style, the People's Republic of China, and Indonesia.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Also there are ceramics, earthenware, and stone inscriptions.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

These collections are located in various spaces, such as Jakarta Prehistoric Room, Tarumanegara Room, Jayakarta Room, Fatahillah Room, Sultan Agung Room, and Batavia Room.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

There are also various collections about Betawi culture, numismatics, and rickshaws.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Even now there is also a statue of God Hermes (according to Greek mythology, a god of good fortune and protection for merchants) which was once located at the intersection of Harmony and cannon Si Jagur which was considered to have magical powers.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

In addition, in the Fatahillah Museum there is also a former dungeon that used to be used during the Dutch colonial period.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Image gallery One of the collection of cannons in Fatahillah Museum Characteristic of the building, the direction of the wind on the roof Another characteristic, Gouvernourskantoor writing meaning the Governor's Office of Permanent Showcase By following the development of the dynamics of society that wants change so as not to immersed in a static and boring atmosphere, as well as supported by policies set out in the vision and mission of the museum, regarding the organization of museums oriented to the interests of community services, then the permanent showpiece of Jakarta History Museum is carried out on a chronological basis the history of Jakarta, and Jakarta as the center of cultural gatherings of various tribal groups of nations both from inside and outside Indonesia, To display stories based on the chronological history of Jakarta in the form of displays, collections related to history and supported Graphically using photographs, drawings and sketches, maps and explanatory labels to be easily understood in relation to historical factors and historical background of Jakarta.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

While the presentation of cultural nuances is also artistically packaged where seen the process of cultural interaction between tribes of nations.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

The arrangement is tailored dencan as effective as possible to live the existing cultures so as to invite community participation.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

The arrangement of permanent showcases Jakarta History Museum is carried out in a planned, gradual, schematic and artistic manner, so as to create comfort and add insight for visitors.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Activities Since 2001 until 2002 the Jakarta History Museum held the Archipelago Arts Program every second week and the IV for 2003 Jakarta History Museum focuses this activity on Betawi nuance art associated with the tourist activities of the old village setian the third week of each month.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

In addition, since 2001 the Jakarta History Museum annually organizes seminars on the existence of Jakarta History Museum both national and international scale.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Seminars that have been held, among others, are seminars on the existence of museums reviewed from various aspects and international seminars on the architecture of the museum building.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

To reconstruct the history of yesteryear in particular the events of the court upon the people found guilty, a court theatre was displayed in which the public could improvise about the conduct of the court while simultaneously understanding the soul of the times in the 17th century.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Activities that can be participated by Old Village Tourism Visitors, at least 20 People Visit Night Museum, at least 20 People Workshop Sketch Old Building, minimum 10 people watch together with old movies, at least 20 Persons Art Performance Jakarta Indonesian Army Visit Indonesian Army Library Facilities Jakarta History Museum has a book collection of 1200 titles.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

For visitors can take advantage of the library on the hours and weekdays of the Museum.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

The books are mostly relics of the colonial period, in various languages including Dutch, Malay, English and Arabic.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

The oldest is the Bible/Bible of 1702.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

The Museum's cafeteria with a cozy atmosphere The garden offers typical Betawi food and beverages.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Souvenir Shop Museum provides souvenir souvenirs for visitors that can be obtained at the “souvenir shop” at affordable prices.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Cinema Fatahillah Showing Documentary Films of Batavia Age and Popular Movies Domestic And Foreign.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

The Musholla Museum provides the musholla with its equipment so that visitors do not have to worry about losing the prayer time.


Question: who founded the Fatahillah Museum?

Fatahillah Museum

Meeting and Exhibition Room Provides a representative room for meetings, discussions, seminars and exhibitions with a capacity of more than 150 people.