Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

The Director of GHH then conveyed his concept that wants a consolidation between the subsidiary and the parent business.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

The concept received considerable resistance from GHH's majority shareholders, Allianz AG and Commerzbank. [1]


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

In 1986, under the leadership of Klaus Götte, GHH got a new corporate structure and GHH became a parent venture for several economically independent subsidiaries.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

GHH then also moved MAN headquarters from Oberhausen to Munchen.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

Furthermore, GHH also decided to be renamed MAN AG.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

MAN's director, Rudolf Rupprecht rejected one acquisition offer in 2003.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

Furthermore, MAN again unwound its 50% stake in SMS Group and acquired Sulzer Turbo to strengthen its turbocharger production division</i>.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

In 2006, MAN entered into a cooperation with Force Motors of Indian origin to be able to manufacture trucks and buses in India, for domestic as well as export markets, with the factory located in Pithampur, Madhya Pradesh.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

The first truck of production of the plant was launched in 2007.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

At the end of 2011, MAN purchased the entire Force-owned stock, resulting in the plant being entirely MAN-owned. [16]


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

In September 2006, MAN made an acquisition offer to its Swedish competitor, Scania AB.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

The European Union also approved this acquisition on 14 December 2006.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

However MAN then voluntarily cancelled its offer on January 23, 2007, as majority shareholder Scania, Volkswagen AG and the Wallenberg family rejected the offer, and on December 24, 2008, MAN decided to keep buying shares in Scania, although only as much as 20%.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

In 2008, MAN Group celebrated its 250th anniversary with various activities, such as exhibitions in several museums, a tour of old cars with the slogan MAN on the road again (MAN back on the road), and also a massive gala dinner.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

Early in December 2008, MAN acquired Brazil's VW Truck and Bus and renamed it MAN Latin America.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

Thus, MAN became the market leader in Brazil, with a share of 30%.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

In 2009, the legal form of MAN changed from AG to SE. [17]


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

In July 2009, MAN merged its two divisions, MAN Turbo and MAN Diesel into one division, MAN Power Engineering.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

In addition, MAN also entered into a partnership with Chinese truck manufacturer Sinotruk.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

In this period, MAN also sold its unconnected divisions with automotive.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

In 2009, investigators from the Prosecutor of Munchen found criminal corruption, whereby MAN was shown to bribe his business partners as well as governments in more than 20 different countries during 2001 to 2007, aiming to get more truck and bus orders.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

MAN's CEO and several board directors were forced to step down.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

The board of directors then appointed Dr.-Ing.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

Georg Pachta-Reyhofen, former CEO of MAN Diesel, as replacement.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

On December 17, 2009 Pachta-Reyhofen was appointed as a spokesperson for the board of directors, as well as CEO of MAN SE.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

Bought by Volkswagen In July 2011, Volkswagen AG expressed its desire to buy a 55.9% stake in MAN SE.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

Volkswagen plans to combine MAN and Scania to create Europe's largest truck manufacturer.


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

The merger is also expected to save €400 million each year. [18] [19] The purchase plan was finally approved by regulators, and the purchase process was finally completed in November 2011. [20]


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

In April 2012, MAN SE announced that Volkswagen had increased its shareholding to 73.0%. [21]


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

On June 6, 2012, Volkswagen AG announced that it was again increasing its shareholding in MAN SE to 75.03%. [22]


Question: who is the founder of VAG Nürnberg?

MAN SE

See also MAN Diesel Ferrostaal ZF Friedrichscafen Reference Outside links Category:German Companies Category:Automotive companies Category:Companies founded in 1758


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Africa is the third largest continent in the world after Asia and the Americas (north and central and south) and second most populated after Asia.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

With an area of 30,224,050 km² including adjacent islands, Africa encompasses 20.3% of the entire Earth's total landmass.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

With 800 million residents in 54 countries, the continent is home to one-seventh of the world's population.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The history of the word Africa comes from Latin, Africa terra — “land of Afri” (plural form of “Afer”) — to denote the northern part of the continent, currently part of Tunisia, the Roman provincial position for Africa.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The origin of the word Afer may be from the Phoenician language, 'afar means dust; or from the Afridi tribe, who inhabited the northern part of the continent near Carthage; or from the Greek aphrike means without cold; or from Latin aprica means bright.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Africa was the earliest human habitation, from this continent humans later spread to other continents.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Africa is the place where the evolutionary line of apes became distinct from protohumans seven million years ago.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Africa was the only continent that human ancestors lived on until about two million years ago when Homo erectus expanded out of Africa towards Europe and Asia.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

More than 1.5 million years later, the populations of the three continents followed different evolutions so that they became different spesis.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The ones in Europe became Neanderthals, the ones in Asia remained Homo erectus, but the ones in Africa evolved into Homo sapiens.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The geography of Africa is the largest of the three continents in Earth's southern hemisphere and the second largest after Asia of all continents.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Its area is approximately 30,244,050km2 (11,677,240 miles) including the surrounding islands, covering 20.3% of the total land on earth and inhabited by more than 800 million humans, or about one-seventh of the human population on earth.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Separated from Europe by the Middle Sea, Africa merges with Asia at its northeastern end via the Suez Canal which measures 130km wide.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The Sinai Peninsula held by Egypt is often considered geopolitically to be part of Africa.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

From its northernmost tip, Cape Spartel in Morocco, at 37°21′ North latitude, to its southernmost tip, Cape Agulhas in South Africa, 34°51′15″ South latitude, spans a distance of about 8000km; from its westernmost tip, Cape Verde, 17°33′22″ West longitude, to its easternmost tip, Ras Hafun in Somalia, 51°27′52″ East longitude, the distance is about 7,400km.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The length of its coastline is 26,000km (for comparison, Europe, which has an area of 9,700,000km² has a coastline of 32,000km.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The Nile is the longest river in the world.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The river empties into the Mediterranean Sea in the northeastern part of Africa.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Ancient Egypt was one of the world's first major civilizations, flourishing along the mighty Nile more than 5,000 years ago.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Until now the magnificent pyramids still loomed in the land.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The Sahara Sahara is the world's largest desert, covering vast swaths of land across northern Africa.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The desert stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea on the east.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The Sahara covers ¼ of the entire continent.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Most of the Sahara is hot, dry, and empty.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Since ancient times, humans used camels to carry things across that vast desert.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The highest Kilimanjaro Mountains of Africa are found in the towering eastern row.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain range in Africa, is located in eastern Central Africa.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Kilimanjaro is an active mountain that has an elevation of 19,341 feet (5,895 meters).


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Countries Most countries in Africa are former colonies, except South Africa, Ethiopia and Liberia.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a former Belgian colonnade.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Egypt, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Djibouti, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Nigeria, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Botswana former colonies of Great Britain.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Morocco, Algeria, Mauritania, Mali, Senegal, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Benin, Niger, Chad, Central African Republic, Gabon, Congo and Madagascar former French colonies.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Togo, Cameroon, Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania and Namibia are former German colonies.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Libya, Eritrea, Somalia are former Italian colonies.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Guinea Bissau, Angola, Malawi, and Mozambique are former colonies of Portugal.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

As well as Western Sahara which is the former colonies of Spain.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

A third of which is 15 out of 47 countries are landlocked. Region and territoral name with BenderAluas (km²) Population (estimate 1 July 2008) Population Density (per km²) East African capital city Burundi27,8308,988,091 [2] 322.9Bujumbura Komoro2,170752,438 [2] 346.7Moroni Djibouti23,000516,055 [2] 22,4Djibouti Eritre12121,3205,647,168 [2] 46.5Romance Ethiopia1,127,12785,237,338 [2] 75.6Addis Ababa Kenya582,65039,002,772 [2] 66.0Nairobi Madagaskar587,04020,653,556 [2] 35.1Antananarivo Malawi118,48014,268,711 [2] 120.4Lilongwe Mauritius1,402,0402,040284,264 [2] 629.5Port Louis Mayotte (France) 374223,765 [2] 489.7Mamoudzou Mozambik801,59021,669,278 [2] 27.0MapUtoréUnion (France) 2,512743,981 (2002) 296.2Saint-Denis Rwanda26,33810,473,282 [2] 397.6Kigali Seychelles45587,476 [2] 192.2Victoria Somalia637,6579,832,017 [2] 15.4Mogadishu Tanzania945,745,44845,744,017 8,532 [2] 43.3Dodoma Uganda236,04032,369,558 [2] 137.1Kampala Zambia752,61411,862,740 [2] 15.7lusakaAfrica Central Angola1,246,70012,799,293 [2] 10.3Luanda Camerun475,44018,879,301 [2] 39.7Yaoundé Central African Republic622,9844,511,488 [2] 7.2Bangui Chad1,284,00010,329,208 [2] 8.0N'Djamena Kongo342,0004,012,809 [2] 11.7Brazzaville Democratic Republic of Congo2,345,41068,692,542 [2] 29.2Kinshasa Guinea Equatoristiwa28,051633,441 [2] 22.6Malabo Gabon267,6671,514,993 [2] 5.6Libreville São Tomé and Príncipe1,001212,679 [2] 212.4São ToméNorth Africa Algeria2,381,74034,178,188 [2] 14,3Algiers Egypt [3] 1,45083,082,869 [2] total, Asia 1,4m82.9Cairo Libya1,759,5406,310,434 [2] 3.6Tripoli Moroko446,55034,859,364 [2] 78.0Sudan2,505,81041,087,825 [2] 16.4Khartoum South Sudan619,7458,260,49013.3Juba Tunisia163,61010,486,339 [2] 64.1Tunis Western Sahara [4] 266,000405,210 [2] 1.5El AaiúnTerritory of Spain and Portugal in North Africa Canary (Spain) [5] 7,4921,694,477 (2001) 226.2Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Ceuta (Spain) [6] 2071,505 (2001) 3,575.2— Madeira Islands (Portugal) [7] 797245,000 (2001) 307.4Funchal Melilla (Spain) [8] 1266,411 (2001) 5,534.2—Southern Africa Botswana600,3701,990,876 [2] 3.3Gabone LesoGabone tho30,3552,130,819 [2] 70.2Maseru Zimbabwe390,58011,392,629 [2] 29.1Harare Namibia825,4182,108,665 [2] 2.6Windhoek South Africa1,219,91249,052,489 [2] 40.2Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Pretoria [9] Swaziland17,3631,123,913 [2] 64.7MBabaneWest Africa Benin112,6208,791,832 [2]] 78.0Porto-Novo Burkina Faso274,20015,746,232 [2] 57.4Ouagadougou Cape Verde4,033429,474 [2] 107.3Praia Coast Gading322,46020,617,068 [2] 63.9Abidjan, [10] Yamoussoukro Gambia11,3001,782,893 [2] 157.7Banjul Ghana239,46023,832,495 [2] 99.5Accra Guinea245,85710,057,975 [2] 40.9Conakry Guinea-Bissau36,1201,533,964 [2] 42.5Bissau Liberia111,3703,441,790 [2] 30,9Monrovia Mali1,240,00012,666,987 [2] 10.2Bamako Mauritania1,030,7003,129,486 [2] 3.0Nouakchott Niger1,267,00015,306,252 [2] 12.1Niamey Nigeria923,768158,259,000 [2] 161.5Abuja Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom) 4107,637 [2] Senegal196,19013,711,597 [2] 69.9Dakar Sierra Leone71,7406,440,053 [2] 89.9Freetown Togo56,7856,019,877 [2] 106.0loméTotal Africa30,368,6091,001,320,28133.0 AIDS Two by three (26 million out of 40 million) of the world population with HIV/AIDS live in Sub-Saharan Africa.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

One in five people in Botswana and Swaziland is infected with AIDS.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Botswana is the country with the highest average rate of AIDS infection in the world which is 22%.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Namibia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland have an average infection rate of 10%.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The percentage of people aged 15—49 HIV positive worldwide is 1.1%, in sub-Saharan Africa 8%.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The number of people in sub-Saharan Africa infected with HIV every day 8,500 lives while the number who die from AIDS every day 6,300.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The number of children under 18 who were orphaned due to AIDS worldwide (starting 2003) 15 million, in sub-Saharan Africa 12.3 million.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The number of HIV-positive South Africans is 5.3 million, more than any country in the world.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The percentage of pregnant women in South Africa who were HIV positive in 2004 was 27.9%.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Africa's economy is the poorest continent inhabited by population: 2003 from the United Nations (with 75 countries) registered positions 151 (Gambia) to 175 (Sierra Leone) with African countries.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Religion Africans embraced different religions, with Christianity and Islam as the majority religions on the African continent.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

About 50% of Africans are Christian and another 35% Muslim.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Approximately 15% of Africans embraced native African religions.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

A small number also embraced Judaism, such as the Beta Israel and Lemba tribes.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Religion plays a big role in life in Egypt.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Unofficially, adhan collected five times a day becomes a determinant of various activities.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Cairo is also known for its various minarets of mosques and churches.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

According to the Egyptian constitution, all legislation must conform to Islamic law.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The state recognizes Hanafi madhab through the Ministry of Religious Affairs.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Imams are trained in the school of expertise for imams and at Al-Azhar University, which has a committee to give fatwas for religious matters. 90% of Egypt's population are adherents of Islam, majority Sunni and some also adhere to local Sufi teachings.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

About 10% of Egypt's population adheres to Christianity; 95% are in Coptic denominations (Coptic Orthodox, Coptic Catholic, and Coptic Protestant.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Languages According to most estimates, Africa has more than thousands of languages.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

There are four major language groups originating from the continent.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The Afro-Asiatic Language Group is a language group of approximately 240 languages and 285 million speakers widespread along North Africa, East Africa, the Sahel, and Southwest Asia.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The Nil-Saharan Language Group consists of more than a hundred languages spoken by 30 million people.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The Nil-Saharan languages are mostly spoken in Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, and the north of Tanzania.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The Niger-Congo Language Group includes mostly from sub-Saharan part of Africa and is likely the largest language group in the world in terms of number of languages.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

A large number in antaranta are Bantu languages spoken in much of sub-Saharan part of Africa.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The Khoisan Language Group consists of about 50 languages and is spoken in the south of Africa by about 120,000 inhabitants.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Many of the Khoisan languages are endangered languages.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

The Khoi and San tribes are considered indigenous to the region.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

With the exception of a few countries in East Africa, almost all countries in Africa have adopted official languages originating outside the continent and spreading through colonialism or human displacement.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

For example, in some countries, English and French are used for communication in the public sphere such as government, business, education and mass media.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Arabic, Portuguese, Afrikaans, and Malagasy are other examples of languages that are natively non-African spoken by millions of African citizens today, both in the public and private sphere.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

African politics before colonization Before colonization Africa was indeed a poor country because of its dry climate conditions so it was impossible to cultivate there.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

There are still many backward inland tribes there.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Africa during colonization In countries that had many European inhabitants, for example in Rhodesia and South Africa, a system of second-class citizens was created to give Europeans more political power.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Demographics Africans can be divided according to their place of residence, north or south of the Sahara desert; these groups are called North Africans and Sub-Saharan Africans.


Question: What is the area of mainland Africa?

African

Outside link Reference at Curlie


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Taekwondo (also spelled Tae Kwon Do or Taekwon-Do) is a martial art of Korean origin which is also as the national sport of Korea.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

It is one of the popular martial arts in the world that is competed at the Olympic Games. [2]


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

In Korean, hanja for Tae means “to kick or smash with legs”; Kwon means “fist”; and Do means “path” or “art”.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Thus, Taekwondo can be freely translated as “the art of hands and feet” or “the way” or “the way of the foot and fist”.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

The popularity of taekwondo has caused this art to flourish in many forms.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Like many other martial arts, taekwondo is a composite of fighting techniques, martial arts, sports, sports, entertainment, and philosophy.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

While there are many doctrinary and engineering differences among various taekwondo organizations, the art in general emphasizes kicks performed from a movable stance, using greater reach power and leg strength to incapacitate opponents from a distance.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

In a match, rotating, 45 degree, front, axe and side kicks are the most used; kicks performed include jump, spin, skip and drop kicks, often in the form of a combination of multiple kicks.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Taekwondo exercises also include a thorough system of punches and defense by hand, but generally do not emphasize grappling.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

The three materials in the Poomsae exercise or series of moves are a series of basic movement techniques of attack and self-defense, performed against an imaginary opponent, following a certain diagram.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Each diagram of the series of poomse movements is based on an eastern philosophy depicting the spirit and manner of view of the Korean nation.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Kyokpa or solving technique is a technique exercise by wearing an inanimate object target/object, to measure the ability and precision of the technique.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Target objects that are usually used include wooden boards, bricks, precarious, and sometimes using soft objects such as paper.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Such techniques are performed with kicks, punches, sabetan, even puncture of the fingers of the hand.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Kyorugi or fighting is an exercise that applies basic movement techniques or poomse, whereby two people fighting practice each other attack techniques and foot defense techniques.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

The philosophy of the belt on White Taekwondo symbolizes chastity, the beginning/basis of all colors, the beginning.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Here the taekwondoin learn the basic move (gibon) 1 Yellow symbolizes the earth, this is where the basics of TKD begin to strongly implant. Learn gibon 2 and 3.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Before ascending the green belt usually go up to the yellow belt green strip first.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Green symbolizes the green of the trees, it was at this time that the foundation of TKD began to be developed. (studying taeguk 2).


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Before ascending to the blue belt usually go up to the blue strip green belt first.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Blue symbolizes the blue of the sky that envelops the earth and its contents, giving the sense that we must begin to know what we have learned. (studying taeguk 4).


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Before ascending the red belt usually go up to the blue belt of the red strip first.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Red symbolizes the sun meaning that we begin to become a guideline for others and reminds should be able to control our every attitude and action. (studying taeguk 6).


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Before ascending the black belt, usually go up to the red belt strip two and red strip one first.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

The intent of the sun is a tincture in which a red belt gives warmth or in the sense of denotation begins to give knowledge or guidance.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Black symbolizes the end, depth, maturity in practice and our self-mastery from fear and darkness.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Black has stages from Dan 1 to Dan 9.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Also symbolizes the universe.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Terms in Taekwondo Sabeum = Instructor Sabeum Nim = Head Instructor Seonbae = Senior Hubae = Junior Tae Kwon Do Junshin = Principle Teaching Tae Kwon Do Muknyeom = Meditation Kihap = Shouting from inside the belly of Dobok = Uniform Tae Kwon Do Ti = Exercise Belt Wen = Left Oreon = Right Starts Kalryeo = Stop (Temporary) Keysok = Resume Keuman = Finish A Nee = No Yee = Yes Eolgol = Top goal (Head) Moumtong = Middle Goal (Bad/Ulu Hati) Arae = Lower Goal (Waist down) Kyungrye = Sincerely Chariot = Prepare Yourself Joon Bi = Rest Agam So = Rest with Hands Behind Nici = Sekian Belci Ki Manisi = Tasting Rest Place = Overseer Taekwondo Dobeon = Twice Sambeon = Three Times Illjang = One Yeejang = Two Samjang = Three Sahjang = Four Ohjang = Five Yukjang = Six Chiljang = Seven Cross = Eight Body Parts to be subjected (Keup So) 1.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Eolgol (Upper/Head/Face) This part includes the shoulder blades, face, head, chin, apple, bone between the eyes, the upper and lower part of the lip.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Momtong (Central/Body) This part includes the abdomen, solar plexus, ribs/ribs, as well as under the ribs where the kidneys are located inside.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Are (Bottom) This section includes the lower navel, namely the lower abdominal cavity, groin, inner thigh, and pubic.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

The body parts used to attack and defend Head (Eolgol) Hand (Son) Arm (Pal) Elbow Hand (Pal Kup) Instep (Bal Deng) Front Leg (Ap Chuk) Knee (Mooreup) Seogi (easel) The attitude of the horses is divided by four namely: Neolpyo Seogi (open easel stance) Moa Seogi (closed easel attitude) Teuksu Poom Seogi (special easel attitude) Ap Seogi (Street Horse Attitude) Open Horses Naranhi Seogi (Parallel Attitude) Jochoom Seogi (Sitting Attitude) Ap Seogi (Short Way Attitude) Ap Koobi Seogi (Long Way Attitude) Om Seogi (Attitude Tiger Horses) Closed Horses Moa Seogi (Closed Easel Attitude) Dwi/Ap Koa Seogi (Crossed Legs Easel Attitude) Kibon Junbi Seogi (Ready Easel Attitude) Bojumeok Junbi Seogi (Horses Attitude Ready to Close Fist) Punch, sabetan, puncture, kick, and Punch Yeop Jireugi = Side Punch Chi Jireugi = Punch From Bottom Up Dolryeo Jireugi = Punch Hook Pyojeok Jireugi = Punch with Target Momtong Jireugi = Punch Leading to Center (Punch Leads to Ulu Heart) Are Jireugi = Punch Down Oreon Jireugi= Punch With Right Hand Performed While Kicking (Ap Chagi) Eolgol Jirugi = Punch Up (Punch Leads to Head) Sambion Jireugi = Punch Down, Stomach, And Head Sabetan Han Sonnal Mok Chigi = Sabetan with Hand Knife Jebipoom Mok Chigi = Sabetan From Outside to Inside with Knife Hand Me Jumeok Naeryo Chigi = Top to Bottom Sabetan Dung Jumeok Eolgul Ap Chigi = Front Sabetan with Top Goal Fist with Top Target Palkup Dollyo Chigi = Sabetan Twist with Elbow Hand Palkup Pyojeok Chigi = Sabetan Elbow Hand with Target Mureup Chigi = Sabetan with Knee Deung Jumeok Bakkat Chigi = Sabetan From Inside to Outside with Upper Fist Puncture Pyeonsonkeut Sewo Chireugi = Puncture with Upright Palm Pyeonsonkeut Upeo Chireugi = Puncture with Flat Palm Kawison Keut Chireugi = Puncture with 2 Fingers to Hanson Keut Eye Chireugi = Puncture with 1 Finger to the Eye Kick Ap Chagi = Front kick using Dollyo Chagi's front foot = Kick Using Yeop Chagi's Instep = Side kick using Dwi Chagi foot knife = Twieo Ap Chagi back kick = Front kick performed while jumping Twieo Dwi Chagi = Back kick performed while jumping Twieo Yeop Chagi = Side kick performed while jumping Dubal Dangsang Chagi = Kick with two target target Goley/Narray Chagi = Double kick Sip Chagi An Chagi = Kick performed while while jumping jump and stalk aremaki Penriyti Chagi = Circumference kick.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Dwi Huryeo Chagi = Spinning kick through the back.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Deol Chagi = Hoe kick towards head using Aidan Dollyo Chagi heel =Kick Using Front Leg Toward Belly Mal badat chagi =Kick using back leg towards front while jumping backwards Tangkisan Are Maki=Tangkisan towards the bottom to parry Eolgol Makki kick = Tangkisan towards Momtong's head Makki Talent = Tangkisan from inside direction using the inside of the forearm, direction from inside out Momtong An Makki = Tangkisan from the inside using the outside of the forearm, direction to the center from the outside into An Makki = Tangkisan from the outside direction.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Bina Makko An Makki = Tangkisan that starts from the forearm and when entering inside must be through the upper arm An Palmok Momtong Bakkat Makki = Tangkisan towards the forearm Sonnal Momtong Makki = Tangkisan to the middle with a hand knife Son Momtong An Makki = Tangkisan to the middle from the outside with palm pads Kawi Makki = Sonnal Bitureo Makki shearing tangkisan = Crossed with one hand knife Hecho Makki = Double stalk outward Eotgoreo Arae Makki = Cross Tangkisan towards the bottom of Wesanteul Makki = Double stalk cut downward and outward. See also Taekkyeon Olympic martial arts World Taekwondo Federation International Taekwondo Federation American Taekwondo Association Taekwondo in the Philippines International Taekwondo Alliance Reference Advanced reading Taekwondo: Poomse Tae Geuk.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

Gramedia Main Library.


Question: where does taekwondo come from?

Taekwondo

ISBN 979-686-946-0 Outlinks (in English) (no longer functioning) Category:Martial Sports Category:Martial Arts Category:Branch Sports Category:Korean Martial Arts


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Part of a series onWindows XP New features Releases and editions (x64· Media Center· Fundamentals) Development history Criticism Removed features XP vs. Vistavt Windows XP is a line of graphics-based operating systems created by Microsoft for use on personal computers, which includes home computers and business desktops, laptops, and media centers (Media Center).


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

The name “XP” is short for “E<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[1871,1877,2,2]}'>xp</i>erience”.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP represents the successor to Windows 2000 Professional and Windows Me, and is the first consumer-oriented version of Windows operating system built on the Windows NT kernel and architecture.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP was first released on October 25, 2001, and more than 400 million installation copies were in use by January 2006, according to an IDC analyst's estimate.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP was replaced by Windows Vista, which was released for license volume users on November 8, 2006, and worldwide to the general public on January 30, 2007.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Many Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and also retail sellers ceased production of devices with Windows XP on June 30, 2008.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Microsoft itself continued to sell Windows XP through Custom-built PCs (small OEMs selling assembled computers) until January 31, 2009.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP may remain available to corporate users with volume licensing, as a means of downgrade for computers that are not ready to run a new operating system, Windows Vista Business Edition or Ultimate Edition or Windows 7 Professional.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP is available in a wide variety of editions.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

The most common editions of the Windows XP operating system are Windows XP Home Edition, targeted to home users, and also Windows XP Professional, which offers additional features such as support for Windows Server domains and two physical processors, and is targeted at the power market user, business and client company.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Meanwhile, Windows XP Media Center Edition has additional multimedia features that offer the ability to record and watch TV shows, view DVD movies, and listen to music.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

There is another Windows XP Tablet PC Edition designed specifically for the Tablet PC platform, which is a personal computer that uses a stylus.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP was finally released for two additional architectures in addition to the Intel i386, called Windows XP 64-bit Edition for IA-64 (Itanium) architectured processors and Windows XP Professional x64 Edition for x86-64 architectured processors.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

There is also Windows XP Embedded, a version of Windows XP Professional minus all its features here for certain markets, and Windows XP Starter Edition sold in some developing countries.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

In mid-2009, a factory first revealed that it had a mobile phone based on the Windows XP operating system.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

The Windows version based on the NT architecture is known for better stability and efficiency than the Windows 9x version.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP presented a significantly re-designed graphical interface, until the change was promoted by Microsoft as a more user-friendly look than previous versions of Windows.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

A new software management facility called Side-by-Side Assembly was introduced to fix the “DLL Hell” issues that often appeared on Windows 9x.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP was also the first version of Windows to use “Windows Product Activation” product activation to eradicate software piracy, although this has become a controversy.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP has also been criticized by some users for computer security flaws, integration of some applications such as Internet Explorer 6 and Windows Media Player being very strict, and for aspects of user interface standards.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Versions with Service Pack 2, Service Pack 3, and Internet Explorer 8 addressed some of these concerns.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

During development, this Windows XP development project was known under the code name “Whistler”, taken from an area in British Columbia, as many Microsoft employees often skied at Whistler-Blackcomb.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Based on Net Applications research data, Windows XP still recorded a 49.8 percent market share in July 2011.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

This is for the first time such an operating system has recorded below a 50 percent market share.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

This is due to the rise in popularity of Windows 7 which has reached 29.7 percent.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Although still dominant, Microsoft is actually risau because the technology used can already be said to be excused.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Last month, Microsoft released a release for users that now is the perfect time to switch from Windows XP to Windows 7, Windows 8, or Windows 8.1.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP SP3 is no longer supported by Microsoft since April 8, 2014.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Background Windows XP was previously known by the passcode “Whistler”, which Microsoft developers began development in the mid-2000s. Along with this project, Microsoft is also working on a new generation Windows Me project (Millennium Edition) named with the passcode “Windows Neptune” projected as “Windows NT home version”.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

After Windows ME was considered less successful to rival the success of Windows 98, Microsoft finally decided to incorporate two of the Windows operating systems (Windows NT-based operating system and Windows 9x-based operating system) into a product.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

That's what we know now with Windows XP.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP editions appear in many types: Windows XP Professional Windows XP Home Edition Windows XP Media Center Edition Windows XP Tablet PC Edition Windows XP Starter Edition Windows XP Professional x64 Edition Windows XP Professional 64-Bit Edition for Itanium Windows XP Professional Windows XP Professional is a Windows XP operating system created specifically for desktop computers connected to a network with domains managed by Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003's Active Directory.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

In addition, this version is arguably much more complete features than Windows XP Home Edition.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

It can be a server computer, although it can only accommodate a maximum of ten clients who can log in simultaneously.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP Home Edition Windows XP Home Edition is a Windows XP operating system aimed at home users.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Basically, there is no significant difference between Windows XP Home Edition and Windows XP Professional, due to the same build base.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

The difference enforced against this version of Windows is network support, where Windows XP Home Edition is not designed for systems with multiple users, as is Windows XP Professional.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

There are not very many network features, among which it cannot join the Active Directory domain system, does not have an encrypted filesystem, cannot be a server (although it is able to make some files and folders it manages can be used by some users all at once), and lacks the Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) feature, and many others.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP Home Edition is intended to replace previous versions of Windows, namely Windows 98 and Windows ME, since both versions of Windows are classified into the Windows class for home users.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP Media Center Edition Windows XP Media Center Edition is a version of Windows XP created specifically for Hi-Fi sort devices, and PCs placed in the sitting room.


Question: when was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Basically, Windows XP Media Center is a Windows XP Home Edition supported as a personal video recorder (Personal Video Recorder).


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP Tablet PC Edition Windows XP Tablet PC Edition is a version of Windows XP devoted to ultra-portable PCs, named by Microsoft with Tablet PCs.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Its minimalist form is like a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), with the equivalent capabilities of a notebook or laptop.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP Tablet PC Edition is built based on Windows XP Professional, which is added with better handwriting recognition (handwriting recognizition) features compared to regular Windows XP Professional.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

In general, a Tablet PC comes with a touch screen.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP Professional x64 Edition Windows XP Professional x64 Edition is a version of Windows XP devoted to processors with x86-64 architecture.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Currently, processors using such architectures are limited to AMD processors with AMD64 architectures such as the Athlon 64 and Opteron.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

From the Intel family there is an Intel Pentium 4 with the EM64T extension (Extended Memory 64-bit Technology), and several series from Intel Pentium M and D, as well as some variants of the Intel Core family.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

The difference with the previously launched Windows XP Professional is that its support for memory access is greater than 4 Gigabytes as in the previous Windows XP.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Actually, 64-bit processors from Intel and AMD can access 16 Eksabytes of memory, but Microsoft limits the capabilities of this Windows operating system to 16 Terabytes only.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Basically, this operating system differs from other versions of Windows XP, considering that the codebase used is Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition for x64, given that the version number it uses is 5.2.3790.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP Professional 64-bit Edition for Itanium Windows XP Professional 64-bit Edition for Itanium is a very limited version seen in terms of sales.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

However, this product supports a very good microprocessor technology, the IA-64 used by Intel Itanium and Intel Itanium 2 processors.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

The support provided by Microsoft is support for all the features of the Itanium processor, but because there are very few applications designed for Itanium processors, the spread of this product is very few.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

A feature difference from Windows XP Professional x64 Edition is its support for Itanium processors, with all its built-in architectures, such as EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface), and GPT (GUID Partition Table).


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Although Itanium processors are the most efficient processors, Itanium cannot run programs designed for 32-bit versions of Windows XP nor Windows XP x64 Edition.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

When running programs that are not designed for him, the performance is very low.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Supported applications are very few, and are limited to applications useful for high-level computing, such as database applications, and scientific applications.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

If x64 and 32-bit versions of Windows support multimedia acceleration, it is not equipped with such functions, since indeed the processor is not equipped with special instructions for multimedia acceleration.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP Professional 64-bit Edition has discontinued its production process after Hewlett-Packard (the only manufacturer to offer workstations with Itanium processors) ceased sales of its proprietary workstations.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Some people judge, this is due to the fact that Hewlett-Packard is not very successful with this product.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Although it has discontinued production process, Microsoft still supports Windows XP 64-bit Edition until the entirety of Windows XP is discontinued support by Microsoft.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP Starter Edition Windows XP Starter Edition is a version of Windows XP Home Edition that is translated into their respective local language using the Language Interface Pack (LIP).


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Languages used are also diverse, ranging from Bahasa Indonesia, Malay, Thai, Turkish, Russian, Indian, Brazilian, to Latin American languages (Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Ecuador, Uruguay, and Venezuela).


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

According to various sources, Microsoft made Windows XP Starter Edition with the aim of combating GNU/Linux operating systems, since those operating systems are popular in those third world countries.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Windows XP Features and Improvements is known as an operating system that has improved stability from its predecessor, and also has better efficiency than Windows 98, Windows ME, and Windows 2000 Professional.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

This is because Windows XP implements a software management technique that can avoid what is called “DLL hell” or “DLL HELL”.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

In addition, the appearance of Windows XP was overhauled, until it became easier to use.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

The following are the features of Windows XP Professional (as it is considered the most complete) Support for Active Directory Active Directory domain systems is the domain system used inside Windows Server 2000 and Windows Server 2003.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Using Active Directory, Microsoft Windows systems can be set up from one place, namely from the system running Active Directory itself.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

This feature is very useful if applied in a large enough company, as it simplifies all authentication processes.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Improved access control settings As an operating system intended for corporate users, of course, Windows XP has been equipped with the access control settings feature.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

The feature is used to restrict access to anyone who does not have access rights to a particular object.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

While this is not a new technology, as it has been implemented in Unix-based operating systems, the implementation of this feature in Windows XP has been implemented more sophisticated compared to UNIX, given that UNIX operating systems restrict access by using file attributes permissions.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Previous operating systems, such as Windows 9x, did not come with this feature, so everyone would have the right to access each file without difficulty.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Supports encrypted file system (EFS) Windows XP has EFS encryption system.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

This system is a system to protect important data so that it cannot be opened by other users let alone other computers, except by opening with code.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

This system is quite reliable although not as reliable as third-party systems.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

The encrypted file will change its color to green.


Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

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Question: When was pentium 4 computer technology invented?

Windows XP

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. (in English) (in English) Category:Windows


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba ([2]), born with the name Albert-Bernard Bongo is a Gabonese politician who served the Head of State of Gabon for about 42 years (from 1967 until his death in 2009).


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Practically, she served as president in the period of December 2, 1967-June 8, 2009.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

He died on 8 June 2009 in Barcelona, Spain due to heart failure.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

He is Africa's longest-serving ruler still in office, and the 7th longest-serving ruler in the world.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Bongo was born in Lewai — now Bongoville and was chosen as Vice President in March 1967 alongside Leon M'ba.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

He became President following M'ba's death on 28 November 1967.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

He converted to Islam in 1973 and changed his name to Omar.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

It added the name Ondimba in 2003.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

In the early 1990s, Bongo ended the dominance of one party (the Gabonese Democracy Party) and allowed multiparty elections due to public demand.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

That election was held in 1993 and 1998; Bongo won in both times, successively getting 51.2% and 66.88% of the vote.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Despite the reforms, it is thought that there are non-independent courts and widespread corruption and protections that limit the ability of citizens to change government actively.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Bongo thought that authoritarian rule was better than democracy in Africa, because of tribal allegiances.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

In 2003, the constitution changed to remove many restrictions on a number of terms a president could serve; Bongo's critics have accused him of having a lifelong tendency to power.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Bongo announced his candidacy for the 2005 presidential election on 1 October; on 6 October it was announced that the election would be held on 27 November, although the security forces would vote 2 days early.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

According to official results, Bongo won the election with a large majority of 79.2%; he was sworn in for a subsequent 7-year term on 19 January 2006.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Bongo's wife is the daughter of Congolese president Denis Sassou-Nguesso.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

His son Ali-Ben Bongo was Minister of Foreign Affairs (1989—1991), and became Minister of Defence in 1999.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Bongo is believed to be one of the richest heads of state in the world.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

This was connected with oil receipts and corruption.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

French media reported, the Bongo family owns a lot of real estate in France.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Bongo was the youngest of 12 children and had served as a member of the French Air Force.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

His career went uphill rapidly in civilian office until he eventually became vice president.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

After becoming president, he set the country with a single party.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

The ruling party dominated parliament for decades.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Bongo ruled dictatorially.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

The new opposition was allowed to exist in 1990 following a wave of pro-democracy protests.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

In 2003, parliament removed presidential term limits from the constitution.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Although the people feared him, many people accepted his power because he kept his country peaceful and ruled without the characteristic of continual brutality.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

In 2005, a U.S. Senate Indian Affairs Commission investigation into fundraising indeterminacy by lobbyist Jack Abramoff revealed that Abramoff had offered Bongo draft a meeting with U.S. President George W. Bush to make a barter of 9 million dollars.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Bongo met Bush 10 months later in the Oval Office.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

On June 8, 2009, he passed away in Barcelona, Spain from a heart attack.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Since he entered hospital in May 2009, Gabonese officials have vociferously denied he was ill.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Prime Minister Jean Eyeghe Ndong announced through a statement, “At 14:30, the medical team told me and the officials and family members present that the president of the republic, head of state, Omar Bango Ondimba had died due to a heart attack.”


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

After Bongo's death was announced, the Government of Gabon closed the international airport as well as land and air borders.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

After the announcement of Bongo's death, security forces immediately stood guard in front of government buildings and electrical installations in Librevile, Gabon's capital.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Trivia In February 2001 the then-Norwegian Minister, Thorbjørn Jagland, to clowning and entertaining mention Mr.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Bongo's “Bongo from the Congo” on national TV.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

This was after Mr.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Bongo visited Norway.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Jagland said “Everyone in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs told me just about to meet 'Bongo from Congo'.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

During our meeting I almost said Congo rather than Gabon, where he belongs (Mr.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Bongo).”


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

In Robert Altman's film “O.C. and Stiggs”, the lead character talks by phone with “President Bongo” from Gabon while requesting their own at the salesman's bail house.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

O.C. and Stiggs also hoisted the Gabonese flag from his monster cars' antennae.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Compass Reference, June 10, 2009 translated from AP/AFP/REUTERS.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Media Indonesia on Wednesday, June 10, 2009 at 08:39pm translated from AFP.


Question: what year was Jack A. Abramoff born?

Omar Bongo

Records The New York Times, November 10, 2005. {{subst: #if:bonGo, Omar|}} [[Category: {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1935}} || UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of birth missing {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:2009}} ||LIVING =( living people)}} | #default =1935 births}]] [[Category: {subst: #switch {subst:uc:2009}} || LIVING =Living people | UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of death missing | #default =2009 deaths}}]] Bongo Bongo


Question: where did the word Abbas come from?

Abdullah ibn Abbas

Abdullah ibn Abbas (عبد الله بن عباس, c. 619 - Thaif, c. 687 (78 AH)) was a companion of the Prophet Muhammad as well as his cousin's brother.


Question: where did the word Abbas come from?

Abdullah ibn Abbas

The name Ibn Abbas (ابن عباس) was also used for him to distinguish him from the other Abdullah.


Question: where did the word Abbas come from?

Abdullah ibn Abbas

Ibn Abbas was one of the knowledgeable companions, and many Sahih Hadiths were narrated through Ibn Abbas, and he also sent down the entire Caliphate from the Children of the Abbasids.


Question: where did the word Abbas come from?

Abdullah ibn Abbas

Family Biographer He was the son of a rich family of trade named Abbas ibn Abdul-Muthalib, hence he was called Ibn Abbas, son of Abbas.


Question: where did the word Abbas come from?

Abdullah ibn Abbas

The mother of Ibn Abbas was Ummu al-Fadl Lubaba, who was the second woman to convert to Islam, doing the same with her close friend Khadijah binti Khuwailid, wife of the Prophet Muhammad. [1]


Question: where did the word Abbas come from?

Abdullah ibn Abbas

The father of Ibn Abbas and the father of Muhammad was a son of the same man, Shaibah ibn Hâshīm, better known as Abdul-Muthalib.


Question: where did the word Abbas come from?

Abdullah ibn Abbas

The man's father was Hashim ibn Abdulmanaf, successor of the Banu Hashim clan of the famous Quraysh in Mecca.


Question: where did the word Abbas come from?

Abdullah ibn Abbas

Ibn Abbas also had a brother named Fadl ibn Abbas died in 78 AH at the age of 81.


Question: where did the word Abbas come from?

Abdullah ibn Abbas

Ibn Jubair recounts that Ibn Abbas died in Thaif.


Question: where did the word Abbas come from?

Abdullah ibn Abbas

Category Reference:Bani Hashim


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Main Page Star Wars (Indonesian: Star Wars) is a United States epic, science fiction, space opera film series directed by George Lucas.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Since the release of the series, the film has become a cultural phenomenon and resulted in many productions of films, books, video games, television series, and many other products on the market.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

The complements of the two film trilogies create a meaningful progression to the fictional world of the series.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

The franchise depicts a galaxy very, very far away in very past times, and also generally portrays the Jedi as a picture of virtue, as opposed to the Sith, which is a picture of evil.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Their weapon, the lightsaber, is well known in popular culture.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Those fictional worlds also have diverse themes, including themes influenced by the fields of philosophy and religion.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

The film consists of six films divided into two trilogies: the sequel trilogy (original trilogy) and the prequel trilogy (new trilogy).


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

The first film of the series was released on May 25, 1977, under the title Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, by 20th Century Fox, and became an important event in popular culture around the world, followed by two sequels, which were released each in an interval of three years.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Sixteen years after the last film of the original trology was released, the first film of the prequel trilogy was released.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Three prequel films were also released with an interval of three years, of which the latest film from the prequel trilogy was released on May 19, 2005.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

In October 2012, The Walt Disney Company purchased Lucasfilm for US$4.05 billion and announced that it will produce three new films, of which the first film, Star Wars Episode VII, is planned for release in 2015. [1] 20th Century Fox still holds the distribution rights of two trologies first Star Wars, holding permanent rights will film Episode IV: A New Hope, while holding the rights will be Episodes I-III, V and VI until May 2020. [2]


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Responses going to the series' original trilogy were generally good, with the positive responses of the last film of the trilogy being the lowest, while the prequel trilogy received mixed reactions, with most positive responses aimed at the final film of this prequel trilogy, based on a number of 'review aggregator' sites.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

All six films in the series were nominated or won Academy Awards.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

All films also achieved success in the 'box office', with the total 'box office' revenue of Star Wars films (including the theatrical “Star Wars: The Clone Wars” reaching US$4.48 billion, [3] which makes it the series' fourth largest gross revenue film, below the Harry Potter, James Bond, and The The Avengers. [4]


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

This success was also what made the series re-released in cinemas.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

This Star Wars story is located in space and uses archetypal story patterns commonly found in both science fiction and classical mythology.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Star Wars is a great example of “space opera” and is a sub-genre of science fiction.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

The background of the events depicted in Star Wars takes place in a fictional galaxy.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Many species of alien creatures (usually in human form) are depicted in Star Wars.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Human robots are becoming commonplace, and are generally made to serve their owners.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Space travel could also be found, and many planets were members of the Galactic Republic, which was later overhauled into the Galactic Imperium.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

One important factor in Star Wars is “Force”, an energy that resides anywhere and can be harnessed that has an ability, called Sensitive-force (Force-sensitives).


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

The Force is described in the first film as “an energy field created from all living things [that] surround us, enter ourselves, [and] unite the galaxy. “[5]


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Force allows its users to do things of a supernatural nature (such as telekinesis, clairvoyance, precognition, and 'mind-control') and can enhance physical character, such as speed and reflexes; these abilities differ by each figure and can be improved through practice.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Although the Force can be used for virtue, it also has a dark side that is, when spurred, its users will be dogged by hatred, aggression, and malice.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

The six Star Wars films chronicle the Jedi, who use the Force for virtue, and the Sith who use the dark side of the Force to rule the galaxy.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

List of films The list below represents a list of Star Wars films that belong to the main canon.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999) Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones (2002) Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005) Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (1977) Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back (1980) Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (1983) Episode IV until VI was first released around the end of the 1970s and early 1980s. It is said that according to George Lucas this was implemented because then there was not yet available technology to describe the grandeur of the Republic, so he decided to start from episode IV.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Whereas episodes I through III were made in about the 2000s because the technology was readily available.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

The main theme in Star Wars is an eternal universe struggle between virtue and evil.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

This theme is described as a balance between those who use the main force called “The Force” maliciously or kindly.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

This film series revolves on the Skywalker family that it has been charmed will restore balance to “The Force”.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Eventually this balance was done by Luke Skywalker, son of Anakin Skywalker and Padme Amidala.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Cast and Crew Cast Crew and others Box office Revenue Critical reaction The sixth Academy Awards film when combined has been nominated for 25 Academy Award, and won ten times.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Three constitute Special Achievement Awards.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

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Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

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Star Wars

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Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

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Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

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Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Star Wars Wiki, a wiki that in its entirety to collect information about Star Wars.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

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Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

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Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

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Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

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Star Wars

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Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. — devoted to Star Wars.


Question: Who is the main character in tar Wars Episode IV: A New Hope?

Star Wars

Category:American Films of the Year 1977 Category:American Films of the Year 1980 Category:American Films of the Year 1983 Category:American films of the Year 1999 Category:American films of the year 2002 Category:Science fiction films of the year 2002 Category:Film of the Year 2005 Category


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In biology, a cell is the simplest collection of living matter and is the constituent unit of all living things. [1] [2] Cells are capable of all life activities and most chemical reactions to sustain life take place within cells. [3] [4] Most living things are composed of single cells, [5] or so-called unicellular organisms, for example bacteria and amoeba.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Other living things, including plants, animals, and humans, constitute multicellular organisms consisting of many specialized cell types with their respective functions. [1]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The human body, for example, is composed of more than 1013 cells. [5] However, the entire body of all organisms comes from the result of the division of one cell. For example, a bacterial body comes from the division of its parent bacterial cell, while the body of a mouse comes from the division of its fertilized parent egg.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cells in multicellular organisms will not last long if each stands alone. [1]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The same cells are grouped into tissues, which build organs and then organ systems that make up the body of that organism.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

For example, heart muscle cells form cardiac muscle tissue in the heart organs that are part of the circulatory organ system in the human body.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Meanwhile, cells themselves are composed of components called organelles. [6]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The smallest cell known to man is Mycoplasma bacteria with a diameter of 0.0001 to 0.001 mm, [7] while one of the single cells that can be seen with the naked eye is an unfertilized chicken egg.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

However, most cells are between 1 to 100 µm (0.001—0.1mm) in diameter so they can only be seen with a microscope. [8]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The discovery and early study of cells gained progress in line with the invention and refinement of the microscope in the 17th century.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Robert Hooke first described and named cells in 1665 when he observed a slice of cork (bark of an oak tree) with a microscope that had a magnification of 30 times. [4]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

However, the theory of the cell as a new unit of life was formulated nearly two centuries after that by Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Next, cells are reviewed in a branch of biology called cell biology. History Early discoveries Compound microscopes with two lenses have been invented in the late 16th century and were further developed in the Netherlands, Italy, and England.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Until the mid-17th century microscopes already had imagery magnification capabilities up to 30 times.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

British scientist Robert Hooke later designed a compound microscope that had its own light source making it easier to use. [10]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

He observed thin slices of cork through a microscope and lays out the microscopic structure of the cork as “porous like a honeycomb but the pores are irregular” in his paper published in 1665. [11]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Hooke called the pores cells because they are similar to cells (small chambers) inside a monastery or prison. [10] [12] What Hooke actually saw was a blank cell wall enclosing dead cells on corks coming from oak bark. [13]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

He also observed that in the green plant there are cells filled with liquid. [9]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

At the same time in the Netherlands, Antony van Leeuwenhoek, a cloth merchant, created his own one-lensed microscope and used it to observe things. [10]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

He managed to see red blood cells, spermatozoids, single-celled khamirs, protozoa, and even bacteria. [13] [14] In 1673 he began sending letters detailing his activities to the Royal Society, the English scientific society, and then published it.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

On one of his letters, Leeuwenhoek described something twitching inside the saliva he observed under a microscope.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

He called it diertjen or dierken (Dutch: 'little animal', translated as animalcule in English by the Royal Society), which is believed to be a bacterium by modern scientists. [10] [15] In 1675—1679, the Italian scientist Marcello Malpighi lays out the constituent units of plants that he call the utricle ('little pocket').


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

According to his observations, each such cavity is fluid-filled and surrounded by a staunch wall.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Nehemiah Grew of England also lays out plant cells in his writings published in 1682, and he managed to observe many small green structures within the cells of plant leaves, namely chloroplasts. [10] [16] The theory of cells Some scientists in the 18th and early 19th centuries have speculated or observed that plants and animals were composed of cells, [17] but that was still debated at the time. [16]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In 1838, German botanist Matthias Jakob Schleiden stated that all plants are composed of cells and that all aspects of plant body function are essentially manifestations of cell activity. [18] He also stated the importance of the nucleus (which Robert Brown discovered in 1831) in function and formation of cells, but he mistakenly thought that cells were formed from nuclei. [16] [19] In 1839, Theodor Schwann, who after a discussion with Schleiden realized that he had once observed the nucleus of animal cells as Schleiden observed it in plants, stated that all animal body parts are also composed of cells. According to him, the universal principle of the formation of various parts of the body of all organisms is the formation of cells. [18] Another scientist who later detailed the theory of cells as known in modern form was Rudolf Virchow.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

At first he agreed with Schleiden on cell formation. However, microscopic observations of various pathological processes led him to conclude the same thing that Robert Remak had deduced from his observations of red blood cells and embryos, namely that cells originated from other cells through cell division. In 1855, Virchow published his paper containing his famous motto, omnis cellula e cellula (all cells are derived from cells). [20] [21] The development of cell biology Between 1875 and 1895, there were various discoveries concerning basic cellular phenomena, such as mitosis, meiosis, and fertilisation, as well as various important organelles, such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, and Golgi bodies. [22]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

There was born a field that studied cells, which was then called cytology.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The development of new techniques, especially cell fractionation and electron microscopy, allowed cytology and biochemistry to give birth to a new field called cell biology. [23] In 1960, the scientific association of the American Society for Cell Biology was founded in New York, USA, and not long after, scientific journal Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Cytology was renamed Journal of Cell Biology. [24]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

By the end of the decade of the 1960s, cell biology had become an established discipline, with its own scientific associations and publications and had the mission of revealing the mechanisms of cell organelle function. [25] The structure of all cells is limited by a membrane called the plasma membrane, while the area in in cells is called cytoplasm. [26]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Each cell, at some stage in its life, contains DNA as heritable material and directs the activity of that cell. [27]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In addition, all cells have structures called ribosomes that function in the manufacture of proteins to be used as catalysts in various chemical reactions within those cells. [5]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Each organism is composed of one of two types of cells that are structurally distinct: prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic cells.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These two cell types are distinguished based on the position of DNA within the cell; most DNA in eukaryotes is shrouded membrane of organelles called nuclei or cell nuclei, whereas prokaryotes do not have nuclei.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Only bacteria and archaea have prokaryotic cells, while protista, plants, fungi, and animals have eukaryotic cells. [7]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Prokaryote cells In prokaryote cells (from Greek, pro, 'before' and karyons, 'seeds'), there is no membrane separating DNA from the rest of the cell, and the region where DNA is concentrated in the cytoplasm is called the nucleoid. [7]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Most prokaryotes are unicellular organisms with small cells (0.7—2.0µm in diameter and about 1µm3 in volume) and are generally composed of cell sheaths, cell membranes, cytoplasm, nucleoids, and some other structures. [28]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Almost all prokaryotic cells have a cell sheath outside their cell membrane.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

If the sheath contains a rigid layer made of carbohydrate or carbohydrate-protein complex, peptidoglycan, that layer is referred to as the cell wall. Most bacteria have an outer membrane covering the peptidoglycan layer, and some are bacteria that have a cell sheath of protein.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Meanwhile, most archaeal cell sheaths are protein-made, although some are made from peptidoglycan.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The cell sheath of prokaryotes prevents cells from rupturing due to osmotic pressure in environments that have lower concentrations than cell contents. [29] A number of prokaryotes have other structures outside their cell sheath.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Many types of bacteria have a layer outside the cell wall called a capsule that helps bacterial cells cling to the surface of other objects and cells.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The capsules may also help bacterial cells shy away from certain types of human immune cells.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In addition, a number of bacteria are attached to the surface of other objects and cells by protein threads called pilus (plural: pili) and fimbria (plural: fimbriae).


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Many types of bacteria move using a flagellum (plural: flagellum) attached to its cell wall and rotates like a motor. [30]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Prokaryotes generally have one DNA molecule with a circumference structure concentrated on the nucleoid.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In addition, prokaryotes often also have additional genetic material called plasmids that are also structured in circumference DNA.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In general, plasmids are not needed by cells for growth although often plasmids carry certain genes that confer additional advantages to certain circumstances, for example resistance to antibiotics. [31]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Prokaryotes also possess a number of structural proteins called cytoskeleton, which were originally thought to exist only in eukaryotes. [32]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These skeleton proteins regulate cell division and play the role of determining cell shape. [33] Eukaryote cells Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryote cells (Greek, eu, 'actual' and karyon) have nuclei.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The cell diameter of eukaryotes is typically 10 to 100µm, ten times larger than that of bacteria.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The cytoplasm of eukaryotes is the region in between the nucleus and the cell membrane. The cytoplasm consists of a semicaqueous medium called cytosol, in which there are organelles of specialized shape and function and most prokaryotes do not possess. [7]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Most organelles are limited by one layer of membrane, but some are limited by two membranes, for example, a nucleus.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In addition to the nucleus, a number of other organelles belong to almost all eukaryote cells, namely (1) the mitochondria, where most of the cell's energy metabolism occurs; (2) the endoplasmic reticulum, a membrane network where the synthesis of glycoproteins and lipids; (3) the Golgi body, which directs the results of cell synthesis to its destination place; as well as (4) peroxisomes, places of overhaul of fatty acids and amino acids.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Lysosomes, which decompose damaged cell components and foreign bodies inserted by cells, are found in animal cells, but not in plant cells.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Chloroplasts, where photosynthesis occurs, are found only in certain cells of plant leaves and a number of unicellular organisms.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Both plant cells and a number of unicellular eukaryotes have one or more vacuoles, which are organelles where nutrients and waste and where a number of decomposition reactions occur. [34]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The protein network of cytoskeleton fibers maintains cell shape and controls the movement of structures within eukaryote cells. [34]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Centrioles, which are found only in animal cells near the nucleus, are also made of the cytoskeleton. [35]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Rigid cell walls, made of cellulose and other polymers, surround plant cells and make them strong and firm.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Fungi also have cell walls, but they differ in composition from bacterial and plant cell walls. [34]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Between the contiguous walls of plant cells is a channel called plasmodesmata. [36]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The subcellular component of the cell membrane that limits the cell is referred to as the plasma membrane and serves as a selective obstacle that allows the flow of sufficient oxygen, nutrients, and waste to serve the entire volume of the cell. [7] The cell membrane also plays a role in ATP synthesis, cell signaling, and cell adhesion. The cell membrane is in the form of a very thin layer formed from lipid and protein molecules.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The cell membrane is dynamic and most of its molecules can move along the plane of the membrane.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Membrane lipid molecules are arranged in two layers about 5 nm thick which are a barrier to most hydrophilic molecules.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Protein molecules that penetrate the double layer of such lipids play a role in almost all other functions of the membrane, for example transporting certain molecules past the membrane.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

There are also proteins that become structural hooks to other cells, or become receptors that detect and channel chemical signals in the cell environment. It is estimated that about 30% of the proteins that animal cells can synthesize constitute membrane proteins. [37]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The nucleus The nucleus contains most of the genes that control eukaryote cells (another portion of the gene is located within the mitochondria and chloroplasts).


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

With an average diameter of 5µm, these organelles are generally the most conspicuous organelles in eukaryote cells. [38]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Most cells have one nucleus, [39] but some have multiple nuclei, for example skeletal muscle cells, and some do not have a nucleus, for example mature red blood cells that lose their nucleus as they develop. [40]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The nucleus sheath encloses the nucleus and separates its contents (the so-called nucleoplasm) from the cytoplasm.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

This sheath consists of two membranes each of which is a double layer of lipids with associated proteins.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The outer and inner membranes of the nucleus sheath are separated by a chamber of about 20—40nm.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The nucleus sheath has a number of pores that are approximately 100nm in diameter and at the lip of each pore, the two nucleus sheath membranes are fused. [38]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Within the nucleus, DNA is organized together with proteins into chromatin.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

As the cell is ready to divide, the thread-shaped tangled chromatin will roll up, becoming thick enough to differentiate through a microscope as separate structures called chromosomes. [38]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The structure that stands out in the nucleus of a cell that is not dividing is the nucleoli, which is where a number of ribosomal components are synthesized and assembled.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These components are then passed through the pore of the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where they all merge into ribosomes.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Sometimes there are more than one nucleoli, depending on the species and the stage of reproduction of the cell. [38]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The nucleus controls protein synthesis within the cytoplasm by sending messenger molecules in the form of RNA, namely mRNA, which are synthesized based on the “message” of genes on DNA.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

This RNA is then ejected into the cytoplasm through the nucleus pore and attached to the ribosome, where the genetic message is translated into a synthesized protein amino acid sequence. [38]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Ribosomes Ribosomes are where cells make proteins.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cells with a high rate of protein synthesis have a lot of ribosomes, for example, human liver cells that have several million ribosomes. [38]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Ribosomes themselves are composed of different types of proteins and a number of RNA molecules.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The ribosomes of eukaryotes are larger than the ribosomes of prokaryotes, but the two are very similar in terms of structure and function.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Both consist of one large subunit and one small subunit that merge to form a complete ribosome with a mass of several million daltons. [41]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In eukaryotes, ribosomes can be found freely in the cytosol or bound to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Most proteins that free ribosomes produce will function inside the cytosol, while bound ribosomes generally make proteins intended for insertion into membranes, to be wrapped inside specific organelles such as lysosomes, or to be sent outside the cell. Free and bound ribosomes have identical structures and can interchange places.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cells can adjust the relative amount of each ribosome once their metabolism changes. [38]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Endomembrane system Various membranes in eukaryote cells form part of the endomembrane system.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These membranes are connected via direct physical joints or through intersegment transfer of membranes in the form of small vesicles (membrane-wrapped bubbles).


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The endomembrane system includes the nucleus sheath, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, various types of vacuoles, and plasma membranes. [38]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

This system has a variety of functions, including protein synthesis and modification and transport of proteins to membranes and organelles or outside the cell, lipid synthesis, and penetration of certain types of toxins. [42]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Endoplasmic reticulum Endoplasmic reticulum represents an expansion of the nucleus sheath consisting of a network (reticulum = 'small net') of membranous channels and interconnected vesicles.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

There are two forms of endoplasmic reticulum, namely rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. [42]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is so called because its surface is plastered with many ribosomes.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Ribosomes that begin to synthesize proteins with specific destination sites, such as specific organelles or membranes, will attach to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The protein formed will be pushed into the inside of the endoplasmic reticulum called the lumen. [43]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Within the lumen, the protein undergoes folding and is modified, for example, by the addition of carbohydrates to form glycoproteins.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The protein is then transferred to another part of the cell inside a small vesicle that pokes out of the endoplasmic reticulum, and joins organelles that play a further role in its modification and distribution.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Most protein goes to the Golgi body, which will pack and sort it out to be delivered to its final destination.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes on its surface.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The fine endoplasmic reticulum functions, for example, in the synthesis of lipids of cell membrane components. In certain cell types, for example liver cells, the delicate endoplasmic reticulum membrane contains enzymes that convert drugs, toxins, and toxic byproducts of cell metabolism into compounds that are less toxic or easier to remove the body. [42]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The Golgi body of the Golgi Agency (named after its discoverer, Camillo Golgi) is arrayed on a stack of flattened pockets of membrane called a sisterna.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

There are usually three to eight sisterna, but there are a number of organisms that have Golgi bodies with dozens of sisterna.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The number and size of Golgi bodies depends on the type of cell and its metabolic activity.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cells that actively perform protein secretion can have hundreds of Golgi bodies.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These organelles are usually located between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. [42]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The side of the Golgi body closest to the nucleus is called the cis side, while the side that is away from the nucleus is called the trans side. When it arrives on the cis side, the protein is introduced into the lumen of the sisterna.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In the lumen, the proteins are modified, for example, by the addition of carbohydrates, marked with chemical markers, and sorted out so that they can later be delivered to their respective destinations. [43]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Golgi bodies regulate the movement of different types of proteins; some are secreted outside the cell, some are coupled to the plasma membrane as transmembrane proteins, and some are placed inside lysosomes.