Question: How is the typical phase diagram shape?

Phase of objects

For example, when water evaporates, there is an increase in kinetic energy as the vaporized molecules escape the attractive tensile forces reflected in the temperature drop.


Question: How is the typical phase diagram shape?

Phase of objects

The energy required to induce a phase transition is taken from the internal thermal energy of the water, which cools the liquid to a lower temperature; hence evaporation is useful for cooling.


Question: How is the typical phase diagram shape?

Phase of objects

See Enthalpy of evaporation.


Question: How is the typical phase diagram shape?

Phase of objects

The reverse process, condensation, releases heat.


Question: How is the typical phase diagram shape?

Phase of objects

The thermal energy, or enthalpy, associated with the solid to liquid transition is the enthalpy of melting and that associated with the solid to gas transition is the enthalpy of sublimation.


Question: How is the typical phase diagram shape?

Phase of objects

See also Interface (chemistry) Phase boundaries Reference Notes Outlinks — α-Cyclodextrin, water, and 4-methylpyridine Category:Thermodynamics Engineering Category:Physics of Condensed Objects Category:Physics concepts


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Flavius Ricimer [1] (born sek. c. 405 — died 18 August 472) Latin pronunciation: [ˈrɪkɪmɛr]) was a Germanic Romanization General who ruled over the rest of the territory of the Western Roman Empire from 456 until his death in 472.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Gaining his power from his post as magister militum of the Western Empire, Ricimer controlled politics through the puppet emperor series.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Ricimer's military office and his territories in the Empire led historians such as J. B. Bury to conclude that he had something to do with earlier magistri militum, such as the Vandal Stilicho, and the Germanic King of Italy, Odoacer. [2]


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Odoacer overthrew Western Emperor Romulus Augustulus in 476, in whose action is often considered to mark the fall of the Roman Empire.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

The Ricimer lineage had a son named Rechila, King of Galicia Suevi.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

His mother was the daughter of Wallia, King of the Visigoths.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

It is alleged that an alliance among the Suevi and Visigoths had been made before Wallia's death in 418, after Wallia's successors feuded with members of the late king's family.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

As the Western Empire's military entry is a frequently used option for “losers of the struggle for leadership of the barbarians”, [3] Ricimer's family would have thus entered the service of Rome. [4]


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Ricimer himself later married the sister of Gondioc, King of the Burgundians.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

In power According to Sidonius Apollinaris, Ricimer worked as magister militum Flavius Aetius along with comes domesticorum Majorianus, who became his best friend. [5]


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

A power vacuum was experienced by the Western Empire after the events in 454 and 455 with the occurrence of a series of assassinations of Aetius and the Western Emperor Valentinianus III responsible for the assassination of the magister militum.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Following the events, the Roman Senator Petronius Maximus announced himself as emperor.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

However Petronius was killed by a Roman mob soon before the Vandals plundered the city in 455.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Following the plunder, the Visigoth King Theodoric II announced as Emperor Avitus, the Roman military commander in Gaul.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

In retaliation from Theodoric's support, Avitus agreed to allow the Visigoths to enter Suevi Hispania it controlled.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Theodoric agreed to Avitus's offer and the new emperor, with the Visigoths under his control, went to the Romans to secure the throne.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Avitus named the Visigoths Remistus as magister militum, a vacancy that was vacant after the death of Aetius.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

After Avitus arrived in Rome, Majorianus supported him, albeit reluctantly to the new emperor.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Avitus appointed Ricimer as comes, or nobleman, an important military position.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

By this point the Western Empire had encompassed the Italian Peninsula and the southern part of Gaul, whose fractions were only from territories held by Rome in the previous century.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Ricimer augmented the mercenaries and naval forces from the Germanics available to him, and began a campaign directed against the tribes of the “barbarian” nation in opposition to the empire.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Ricimer achieved his first victory in 456, when he defeated the Vandals in a naval battle.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Although Priscus wrote that Avitus sent him to Sicily to face off with the Vandals, Hydatius states he defeated the Vandals near Corsica. [6]


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

After his victory in the Mediterranean, Ricimer was appointed by Avitus as magister militum praesentalis, commander of Western Imperial forces in Italy and was the second highest post in existence.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Ricimer used his new post to assist his colleague Majorianus against Avitus, who had not been recognized as Emperor of the West by Marcianus, Emperor of the East.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Ricimer and Majorianus convinced the Roman Senate to allow a military expedition against Avitus, who had taken control of the imperial capital at Ravenna.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

The two led an army against the imperial forces led by magister militum Remistus and defeated him at Piacenza on October 16, 456.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

They then besieged Avitus in Ravenna.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Avitus was caught and forced to become a bishopric of Piacenza, and eventually executed. [7]


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

With the Western throne lowong, the new Western Emperor, Leo I, granted Ricimer the title of patrician and the title of magister militum on 28 February 457.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Leo appointed Majorianus in place of Ricimer in his Italian command.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Without a Western Emperor, Leo hoped to use Ricimer as an effective caliph in the West.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Magister militum Majorian (457-461) As a Germanic man, Ricimer himself was unable to ascend the throne, but as magister militum he ruled over the Germanic peoples that colonized Gaul, Hispania, and North Africa.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

He was left with the choice of dissolving with the Western Empire and presiding as Emperor Leo's representative officiating in Constantinople or exerting his power over the West through a puppet emperor.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Although he was hopeful with the choice of the first, the Roman nobles refused to agree to it and Ricimer was forced to take the option of the second.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

With the vacancy of the Western throne, the Alemanni Tribe invaded Italy.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

They moved from Raetia and managed to infiltrate Italy, reaching Lake Maggiore.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Majorianus led his northern forces to combat the Alamanni and defeated them.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Majorianus was announced as emperor by his army at a location called ad Columellas on April 1, 457. [8]


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Realizing Majorianus's potential as a puppet, Ricimer persuades Leo to agree to this arrangement.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Although Ricimer hopes to be able to control his best friend, Majorianus proves to be a capable leader and soon distances himself from his companion magister militum.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Majorianus demonstrated his military skills through his reconquest of Gaul and his campaigns in Hispania.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Majorianus' campaign effectively subjugated the Visigoths and restored them to the status of pre-Avitus foederati, greatly elevating himself among the senate and the army.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Majorianus then prepared his campaign against the Vandals in Geiseric.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Majorianus was defeated by Geiseric, likely through treason, near the skearang of Valencia, while organizing his mercenary army.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

During his departure, Ricimer convinced the senate to turn against the emperor, who promptly disbanded his army and returned to Italy.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Knowing that the emperor was in Tortona, Ricimer led his army and captured him.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Majorianus was deposed on 3 August 461, Ricimer had the emperor tortured and finally sentenced to decapitation on 7 August. [9]


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Libius Severus (461—465) Ricimer's assassination of Majorianus was not smoothly grounded with some portions of the military establishment, especially the general in command in Gaul, Aegidius, and the general in command in Dalmatia, Marcellinus, who controlled their territories separately from authority empire.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Both generals resented Ricimer and did not want to acknowledge Ricimer's power.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Ricimer controlled the West without an emperor for three months.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Under pressure from the Italian senate and nobility, Ricimer appointed privileged Senator Libius Severus as his puppet emperor.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Although Severus was recognized by the senate, Eastern Emperor Leo I refused to acknowledge him as his counterpart in the West.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Although he faced open military opposition from Western generals, with the docile Severus as emperor, Ricimer became master in Rome.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

The main problems that Ricimer faced during Severus' rule were military opposition from the Vandals and political opposition from the Eastern Roman Empire.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Vandals have constantly stormed the Italian coast since the assassination of Valentinianus III in 455 which resulted in economic catastrophe in Italy.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

At the same time, Emperor Leo in the East recognized Severus as the legitimate Emperor of the West and as a result refused to provide assistance to Western rule.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Constantinople made peace with Geiseric in 462, but refused to intervene in the Vandal raids.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

As tax revenues dwindled and with key armies from the West under opposition control, Ricimer needed help from the East in order to maintain order in the West.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Thus, Severus despite his benign nature was also an obstacle to Ricimer's power.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

It was rumored after the death of Severus in 465, who Cassiodorus thought had been poisoned by Ricimer.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Ricimer went on to rule the West for eighteen months without an emperor while waiting for Leo to find a replacement for Severus.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Anthemius (467-472) The Vandal tribe who saw the Western throne vacant used the occasion to increase their role inside imperial politics.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Geiseric supported Olybrius' candidacy as emperor.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Geiseric had family connections with Olybrius because both Olybrius' son and Geiseric's son, Huneric was married to both daughters of Valentinianus III.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

With Olybrius on the throne, Geiseric would have power behind the throne in the West in place of Ricimer.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

To curb Leo, the Vandals expanded their attacks over Sicily and Italy into the territories of the Eastern Empire, pillaging and enslaving the people living in Illyricum and other parts of Greece.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Facing increasing Vandal plunder, in 467 Leo appointed a commanding general in the Illyrian forces whom Anthemius named as Emperor of the West.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Leo sent Anthemius to Italy with Dalmatian forces led by Marcellinus who had previously rebelled against Ricimer, to secure the Western throne and win back North Africa from the Vandals.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Ricimer at first regarded the appointment of Anthemius as a threat to his position.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Unlike Libius Severus, Anthemius had military achievements and had a kinship relationship with Wangsa Theodosia.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

But as it required the support of the Eastern Empire, Ricimer was forced to accept it.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

To strengthen his connections with the new emperor, Ricimer diplomatically married Anthemius' daughter Alypia (daughter of Anthemius), and for a while lived in peace with Anthemius.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Soon after ascending the Western throne, Anthemius granted Marcellinus the Patrician rank in his efforts to counterbalance Ricimer's authority.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

In the East, there are two high commanders where in the West generally has only one.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

With the experience of Eastern military structures, it is likely that this was an attempt by Anthemius to introduce an Eastern structure and rule like the Emperor of the East by using the successful and trustworthy Marcellinus as deputy high commander with Ricimer.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Both the Eastern Emperors Leo and Anthemius had witnessed the difficulties that Western Emperors had in controlling the military in the presence of a commander-in-chief.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

In 468, Eastern Emperor Leo organized a massive campaign against the Vandals in North Africa, during which East and West made major troop commitments.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

The general commanding the forces of Trakia Basiliscus, Leo's brother-in-law held supreme command over the West-East attack joint, with Marcellinus commanding directly the troops from the West.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

The whole plan called a three-pronged attack among Basiliscus, Marcellinus and the Egyptian military duke Heraclius of Edessa.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Basiliscus landed away from Carthage with the main force (transported by a fleet of over 1000 ships) and then joined Heraclius towards Tripolitania.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Marcellinus secured Sicily and Sardinia and then advanced to Carthage.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Ricimer was under the command of Marcellinus who commanded most of the Western forces in the expedition.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

This behavior of Ricimer raised suspicions that he secretly wanted the expedition to fail, which ultimately did not follow the tragedy inside the battle of Cape Bon.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Most of the combined fleet was destroyed, with Marcellinus dying killed by his own soldiers when in Sicily, which likely occurred at Ricimer's instigation.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

The failed combined expedition against the Vandals cost the Western and Eastern Empires and greatly reduced their military power.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Upon hearing of the disaster of the defeat, the Visigoths continued their war against the West and the Vandals also continued their offensive in Italy.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Moreover with the death of Marcellinus, only Ricimer remained as the only commander-in-chief in the West.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Marcellinus was Anthemius' favorite general among his two generals, and his death served to widen the gap between the emperor and Ricimer.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

The tipping point of their relationship was the passing of the court of Romanus, imperial chancellor (magister officiorum) and supporter of Ricimer, whom Anthemius accused of being a traitor and executed to death in 470.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

After the execution of Romanus by Anthemius, Ricimer moved north to Mediolanum with several thousand troops.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Relations between the two so soured to the point that Epiphanius of Pavia, bishop of Milan was asked to reconcile the two.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Despite the bishop's efforts open warfare remained between Ricimer and Anthemius in 472.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Ricimer along with units of his barbarian army (including Odoacer's army) headed to Rome.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Being besieged, Anthemius evacuated to St. Peter's Basilica.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

The Eastern Emperor Leo sent Olybrius to enforce a truce between Ricimer and Anthemius, but according to John Malalas sent a secret letter to Anthemius, urging him to kill Olybrius.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Ricimer intercepted the letter and showed it to Olybrius and appointed him emperor.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

The siege lasted for five months.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Ricimer eventually entered the city and succeeded in separating the Tiber port from the Palatine, and starving the emperor's supporters.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Both sides appealed for field forces in Gaul, but the Burgundian Commanding General of Gaul Gundobad supported his amendment Ricimer.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Anthemius survived until his supporters abandoned him.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

He disguised himself as a beggar and the emperor was caught while attempting to flee out of the city at the Church of Santa Maria in Trastevere, where he was condemned to decapitation on 11 July 472.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Ricimer then announced Olybrius as emperor, who was the would-be emperor favored by him and Geiseric.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

The death of Ricimer's “Reign” lasted until his death from a haemorrhage on 18 August 472, six months after overthrowing Anthemius.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

His title as patrician and his position as commander-in-chief were given to his nephew Gundobad.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

In the absence of powerful guiding figures, the Western Roman Empire experienced a quicker succession of caesar-emperors, none of which were able to effectively consolidate power.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

The Western Roman imperial line ended with Odoacer's overthrow of Romulus Augustulus (doubtful in either 476 or 480), who combined imperial power in distant Constantinople.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

The appearance inside the Opera of Ricimer's Life was used as a role inside opera libretti in the 17th and 18th centuries, which decorated his biography with romantic and political intrigue.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

His earliest play is Matteo Noris in Ricimero re de' Vandali (played by Carlo Pallavicino, 1684), which focuses on Arthemius's installation in Rome and the marriage treaty of his daughter Domizia.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

More famous is Apostolo Zeno and Pietro Pariati's libretto of Flavio Anicio Olibrio, arranged by Francesco Gasparini (1708), Nicola Porpora (1711), Leonardo Vinci (1728), and Niccolò Jommelli (1740).


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

The libretto is based by Ricimer's contender in Rome and his relationship with Olybrius and his lovers. [10]


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Friedrich Anders's Second Literature: Flavius Ricimer: Macht und Ohnmacht des weströmischen Heermeisters in der zweiten Hälfte des 5.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Jahrhunderts.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Frankfurt A. M. 2010.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

John B. Bury: History of the Later Roman Empire.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

From the death of Theodosius I. to the death of Justinian.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Vol. 1, New York 1923).


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Max Flomen: The Original Godfather.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Ricimer and the Fall of Rome.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

In: Hirundo 8, 2009, pp.9ff.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Andrew Gillett, “The Birth of Ricimer,” Historia 44, 1995, pp.380ff.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Penny MacGeorge: Late Roman Warlords.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Oxford 2002, pp.167ff.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

John M. O'Flynn: Generalissimos of the Western Roman Empire.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

1983 Edmonton.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Guy Lacam: Ricimer.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Un Barbare au service de Rome.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Paris 1986.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Julian Reynolds.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

“Defending Rome: The Masters of the Soldiers” Xlibris 2012.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

L.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Robert Scott: Antibarian Sentiment and the “Barbarian” General in Roman Imperial Service: The Case of Ricimer.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

In: J. Harmatta (ed.): Proceedings of the 7th Congress of the International Federation of the Societies of Classical Studies Bd. 2, Budapest 1984, pp.23ff.


Question: When was Hydatius appointed bishop?

Ricimer

Reference Note Category:Birth 405 Category:Death 472 Category:Suebi Figures Category:Gothic Figures Category:Ancient Roman Generals Category:Consuls Roman Empire Category:Magistri militum Category:Wangsa Theodosia Category:Patricii Category:5th Century Romans Category:Regicides Category:Flavii


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is a federation-shaped state in Western Europe.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The country has a very important economic and political position in Europe as well as in the world.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

With an area of 357,021 square kilometres (roughly two and a half times the island of Java) and a population of around 82 million inhabitants, this country with 16 states (Bundesland, plural: Bundesländer) becomes a key member of the European Union organization (most population), the interstate transport link of goods and services seawasan, as well as being the country with the third largest immigrant population in the world. [1]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Although the modern German nation-state was only formed in 1871 after the French-Prussian War, political units in the region have long played an important position in the era of monarchy in Europe from the time of control by the Roman Empire towards the modern era (AD) until the end of the War Napoleon.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The unification of Central Europe during the time of Karl the Great (Charlemagne), the leader of the Kingdom of Franka, in the 8th century became the stub of the formation of a nearly 1000 year old confederative imperium known as the Holy Roman Imperium.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

This imperium heavily coloured feudal culture throughout Europe as well as being central to the Reformation of the christian church in the 16th century which gave birth to Protestantism.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

When the Holy Roman Imperium was dissolved in 1806 as a result of the divisions brought about by the Napoleonic wars, there had grown a sense of one nationality as a like-speaking (German-language) society.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

However, the modern state formed later was unable to unify the ideals of nationality because Austria formed a common ally of Hungary into a separate state from the modern German state.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In 1949, Germany, with much reduced territory as a result of two major wars in Europe, split into two separate countries: West Germany [2] and East Germany.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

This separation ended 3 October 1990 (becoming Germany's national day now) when East Germany officially unified itself with West Germany.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany (West) was the founding country of the European Economic Community (later becoming the European Union in 1993).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The country has also been a member of the Schengen zone and a user of the Euro currency since 2002.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

As an important country, Germany is a member of the G8, G20, ranked fourth in Gross Domestic Product and fifth in the Balance of Shopping Capabilities (2009), the second order of exporting countries [3] [4] [5] and the second order of goods importing countries (2009), and ranked second in the world in the value of development assistance in its annual budget (2008). [6]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany is also known as a country with a good social safety network system and has a very high standard of living.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany is known as a country with a mastery of advanced science and technology in various fields, both natural and social and humanitarian sciences, [7] in addition to being a country that scores many achievements in the field of sports, such as Formula One, football, and others.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany is considered a country that very much animates the world.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In other words, Germany is also a country that influences the state of the world's economy/stock exchanges.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The natural state of Germany is located in central Europe and is directly adjacent to nine countries.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

To the west it borders the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

To the south it borders Switzerland and Austria.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

To the east it borders Czechs and Poles, and to the north it borders Denmark.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

If neighbors across the sea (Baltic Sea) are also counted, then Germany is also neighbouring Sweden.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The country has a total area of 357,021km2 (137,847sqmi), comprising a land area of 349,223km2 (134,836sqmi) and an ocean area of 7,798km2 (3,011sqmi).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany is the seventh widest country in Europe and the 62nd in the world. [8]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The territory of the country is now the result of World War II and previously had a much wider coverage, covering parts of Poland, the Czechs, as well as Kaliningrad (or Königsberg, now Russian-controlled).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Its territory was politically divided from October 7, 1949 to October 3, 1990, when the eastern part of the country was controlled by the communist regime and named the German Democratic Republic (East Germany, or Deutsche Demokratische Republik abbreviated as DDR).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In general, German topography is a lowland in the north and a hilly region in the southern part.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Its highest peak is the 2,962 meters high Zugspitze, which is part of the Alps system on the border with Austria.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The lowest point of Germany is the Wilstermarsch (Wilster Swamp), near Steinburg in the northern part, which is -3.54 meters dpl.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Mountains in Germany are of average medium to moderately high height, which is between 500-1000 meters.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Some of the important ones are the Alps, Schwarzwald (“Black Jungle”), Erz Mountains, Rhoen, Rothaargebirge (Rothaar Mountains), Rhein Mountains (covering the regions of the Eifel Hills, Bergisches Land, Sauerland, Siegerland, Westerwald, and Taunus), Thüringischer Wald, and the Harz Mountains.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The flowing rivers are large enough that some are navigable by medium-sized vessels up to far upstream, such as the Rhein River, Elbe River, Donau River, Weser River, and Main River.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The widest lake is in the south, namely Lake Konstanz (Bodensee) with three small islands: Mainau, Reichenau, and Lindau.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In addition there are many other lakes, such as Chiemsee and Lake Mueritz.


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Germany

Germany has a coast dealing with the Baltic Sea to the east and the North Sea to the west.


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Germany

On the western coast there are vast swathes of gumuk (sand dune) protected by the North Frisian Islands and Kep.


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Germany

East Frisia; in addition there is the tourist island of Helgoland.


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Germany

Several smaller islands off the east coast became tourist attractions, such as Ruegen Island, Fehmarn Island, and Usedom Island.


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Germany

Widely found natural resources are iron ore, coal, timber, lignite, uranium, copper, natural gas, nickel, and water. [8]


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Germany

The governance and administrative division of Germany is a parliamentary democratic state.


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Germany

Day-to-day government is held by a chancellor, who plays a role like a prime minister in any other country with a similar form of government.


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Germany

In addition to Germany, Austria also has a chancellor.


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Germany

The position of chancellor is achieved automatically by the main candidate of the winning party of the federal general election.


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Germany

There are six main political parties in Germany, with the three largest (two of which form permanent coalitions), the SPD (social democrat, progressive left) and the CDU/CSU (Christian democrat/socialist conservative right).


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Germany

The other parties are the FDP (liberal democrats), Bündnis 90/Die Grüne (green left), and Die Linke (left-leaning, an amalgam of the communist party and a spD fraction).


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Germany

The office of president is more ceremonial, though he can approve or disapprove of some important matters.


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Germany

The parliament is known as the Bundestag, whose members are elected.


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Germany

The governing party is the party with the dominant coalition inside this parliament.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In addition to the Bundestag there is also the Bundesrat, whose members are representatives of the government of the states.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The Bundesrat is often equated with the senate, although in reality it has different powers.


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Germany

Administratively, Germany is a federated state (Bundesland) with 13 states (Flächenland; namely Baden-Württemberg, Freistaat Bayern or Bavaria, Brandenburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Freistachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, and Freistaat Thüringen) and three state-level cities (Stadtstaaten or Stadtländer, namely Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg).


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Germany

These states were formed gradually since the end of World War II as a simplification of the boundary lines of the more feudalistic relics of the German Reich period.


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Germany

The state is ruled by a prime minister (Ministerpräsident) complete with his cabinet.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

There is also a state level parliament.


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Germany

Each state sent its representatives (cabinet members, not directly elected) to the Bundesrat.


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Germany

Lower Saxony Bremen Hamburg Mecklenburg- Vorpommern Saxony- Anhalt Saxony Brandenburg Berlin Thuringia Hesse NorthRhine- Westphalia Rhineland-Palatinate Bavaria Baden- Württemberg Saarland Schleswig-Holstein The lowest community unitary unit (first cears) is Gemeinde, which can constitute amalgamation of several villages or small towns.


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Germany

Some Gemeinde will form a larger community unit called Kreis (translated as district) as second cears.


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Germany

A number of Kreis form the state, but in Bayern there is a unit of a third cedar community known as Bezirk.


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Germany

To launch its administration, administrations in many states formed Regierungsbezirk to assist with the administration's governance.


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Germany

In the municipal state (Stadtländer), the division of territory is only administrative, not representative of the community.


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Germany

German names See also Names for the country of Germany.


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Germany

Because of its location in the middle of Europe and its long history as different posters before finally unifying, Germany has many names.


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Germany

The name “German” used in Malay is taken from the English German name meaning “German” or German.


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Germany

The country's name in English, Germany, comes from the Latin name used by the Romans for the region around the Rhein River, namely Germania since the 3rd century BC.


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Germany

It is unclear its etymology, but it is possible that the Romans adopted from the Kelt people appellation in the Gauls for the peoples there meaning “neighbor”. [9]


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Germany

Allemania (with its variations, used for example in French, Spanish, and Arabic), Saksa (used in Finnish), Tedesco (used in Italian) also Deutsch (with variations, used for example in German, Swedish, and Dutch), and Niemcy (Polish and Dutch), and Niemcy (Polish and variations of it in some of its neighbors) refers to different Germanic peoples, as well as indicating a variety of Germanic origins.


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Germany

Deutsch (read /doit/) comes from the Old Upstream German word diutisc; there is also one Germanic puak in the northern part (Jutland Peninsula) named Teutoni.


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Germany

Allemani is a poak living in the southern part.


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Germany

Sakson (Sachsen) is a poak that once lived in the lower reaches of present-day Germany; his descendants spread anyway to the Netherlands and England.


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Germany

The Puak Nemeti once inhabited the region now known as Alsace.


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Germany

The historical history of Germany as a nation-state began since the formation of the German Confederation in 1815 which was motorised by the Kingdom of Prussia.


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Germany

However, the occupancy of the area east bank of the Rhein River, now the site of most of the German state, has lasted since prehistoric times, far up to the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic).


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Germany

In places near the flow of several large, hilly rivers (e.g. Rhein and Neckar River) since hundreds of thousands of years have been the dwellings of various peoples.


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Germany

Fossils of Homo heidelbergensis and Homo neanderthalensis were found in this kind of place.


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Germany

In the more modern period were found relics from the Cro-Magnon humans of the last Ice Age.


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Germany

Relics of New Stone Age (Neolithic) and Trade Age (both Bronze Age and Iron Age) civilizations are also found in many places.


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Germany

Caused by its fertile territory, various tribes of arrivals inhabited the region.


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Germany

The relics of the first civilization come from the Kelt peoples from the last millennium before the modern era (AD) who came from the east.


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Germany

Slavic people also inhabited the eastern part (around the Elba River).


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Germany

Then came the Germanics from the north who inhabited the same region and slowly urged the Kelts westward towards France and England although interfering between the two different groups of languages was widely thought to occur.


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Germany

When the Romans began to expand northward in the last century before AD there appeared written records of this region.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Written accounts of the region now called Germany (the protohistoric era) begin from the time of Roman and Greek written reports of the “Barbarians” (meaning “savages”) inhabiting the northern part of the Alps.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

This period is commonly referred to by historians as the Antique Period


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In the time leading up to the Roman expansion, the territory of Germany was inhabited by various Germanic poacs competing with each other.


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Germany

This weakness was exploited by the Romans to conquer territories east of the Rhein River and establish the province of Germania Magna.


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Germany

In the first century AD, Roman troops could again be urged to retreat up to the west bank of the Rhein and south of the River Main and Donau River.


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Germany

Slowly, these Germanic tribes began to expand their territory westward after Roman power faded.


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Germany

Although the Romans were politically not strong, culturally the Germanic tribes were greatly affected by Roman culture.


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Germany

Alternately sprung up the dominating puak-puak and began to form dynasti/powerful wangsa, such as Meroving and Salian wangsa.


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Germany

The process of Christianization and culture of feudalism also began to take shape in this period.


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Germany

The historical era began as early as the 5th century, commonly named the Middle Ages by European historians, with the discovery of Old German-language documents, Latin written by the locals themselves, or other languages.


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Germany

In the 8th century there appeared one German tribe sticking out and establishing the imperium, following the example once shown by the Romans before, namely Franka, with the first ruler Karl Martel (Charles Martel) of Wangsa Meroving.


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Germany

He founded the Kingdom of Franka, which dominated western and central Europe for up to several centuries afterward.


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Germany

The peak of the kingdom's glory occurred during the reign of Karl the Great (Charlemagne; reigned 800-843) while also establishing the Wangsa of Karoling.


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Germany

Late in his reign, he divided his vast territory into three, corresponding to his three grandsons, known as the Treaty of Verdun.


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Germany

The western region was reserved for Karl (Charles) who later became the Kingdom of France, the central region was ruled by Lothar, and the eastern region was reserved for Ludwig (Louis).


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Germany

Furthermore, the historical stage was dominated by a loose federation of various feudal dynasties known as the Holy Roman Empire as a result of the reunification of the eastern and central regions of the Kingdom of Franka, as well as the pretension of northern Italy in the hands of the German puak, which spanned during 8.5 or nearly 10 centuries depending on where people count them from, from the 9th or 10th century until 1806, and led by an emperor.


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Germany

In its heyday, the territory of this empire included the modern territories of Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Czech, Polish, eastern France, Switzerland, and northern Italy.


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Germany

This long period experienced various turmoil such as the Investiturat Rivalry, the Great Famine of 1315—1317, the Black Plague (The Black Death) 1347-1351, and the passing of the Golden Charter of 1356 (Die Goldene Bulle) as the first constitution of this empire.


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Germany

In the 16th century, when it had lost many territories of non-German peoples, the empire was briefly referred to as the “Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation”.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

This century witnessed also the start of the Protestant Reformation, begun by Martin Luther in 1517 in Wittenberg, now located in Sachsen-Anhalt.


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Germany

As a result of this new stream of Christianity by various king members of the Empire came internal tensions within the Empire, which culminated with the occurrence of the Thirty Years' War (1618—1648).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

This series of wars ended with the cessation of the Peace of Westfalia.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The war further overhauled the political order of the Empire because some time later marked an era of competition between two political powers, namely the Habsburg Wangsa of the Kingdom of Austria who adhered to Catholicism as a traditional power and the Hohenzollern North branch of the ruler Kingdom Prussians who adhered to Protestant Christianity gradually gained ground.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The Napoleonic Wars changed the plot of history, from the orientation of feudalism to a militaristic state, with the formation of the German Confederation of 1815—1866.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Due to the repressive role of the state, the emergence of the liberalism movement in Europe, as well as the February Revolution of 1848 in France, there was a revolution in 1848 which was motorized by students and laborers.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Although muted, this revolution resulted in Germany's first parliament, the Frankfurt Parliament, the maturity of national symbols (the flag and the national anthem), and became the impetus for the formation of the German Empire in 1871—1918 after the French-Prussian war (1870-1871).


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Germany

From this time Germany adopted a parliamentary system with the chancellor as head of government.


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Germany

The first chancellor was Otto von Bismarck.


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Germany

World War I ended with the collapse of the German Empire (as well as the Austria-Hungarian Empire, its rival) while simultaneously marking the republican era with the 1919 founding of the Weimar Republic.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany lost the territory of Alsace-Lorraine (which it capsized in 1871) and parts of its territory in Poland, especially the port city of Danzig.


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Germany

This democratic period lasted relatively short and ended 1933.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

After Adolf Hitler-led Nazi Germany authoritarian rule of 1933—1945 that brought the nation's destruction in World War II, there emerged the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) as symbols of the Cold War since 1949.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Defeat in World War II had seen Germany lose the eastern territories that fell into Polish and Russian hands.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

There were also revenge actions in Poland and Czechoslovakia in the form of forced expulsion of Germans from their territory (Zwangsvertreibung).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In Russia, people of German descent are many banished to the eastern regions (Siberia).


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Germany

The Weimar Republic and the Nazi Regime At the beginning of the German Revolution of November 1918, Germany declared itself a republic.


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Germany

Nevertheless, the radical communist power of the left persisted.


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Germany

This revolution ended on August 11, 1919, when the Weimar Constitution was signed by President Friedrich Ebert. [11]


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Germany

Germany in this era enjoyed a very liberal cultural life with economic prosperity - called the Golden Twenties.


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Germany

The aftermath of the Great Depression of 1929 plus the resulting difficult conditions dictated by the Treaty of Versailles resulted in the administration becoming unstable dii the early 1930s. This was coupled with accusations on the Weimar government that they considered betraying the country for signing the Treaty of Versailles.


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Germany

In 1932, the Communist Party of Germany and the Nazi Party controlled a majority of the Parliament, which continuously opposed the policies of the Weimar government.


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Germany

After a persistent cabinet failure, President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor on January 30, 1933. [12]


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Germany

A moment later the state situation grew chaotic and Hitler gained unlimited power. [13] [14] Using his power to avoid threats to the state, Hitler then established a centralized totalitarian state within a few months.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Industry was later revitalized for military needs. [15]


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Germany

In 1935, Germany regained control of the Saar and 1936 also gained the Rhineland, both territories lost to the Treaty of Versailles. [16]


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Germany

In 1938, Austria was annexed, and in 1939, Czechoslovakia was also under German control.


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Germany

An invasion of Poland was prepared through the Molotov—Ribbentrop Pact and Operation Himmler.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

On 1 September 1939 the German Wehrmacht launched a flash offensive into Poland, then later annexed by Germany and the Soviet Red Army.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Britain and France declared war on Germany, and World War II broke out. [17]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The war continued, Germany and its allies quickly took control of almost the entire continent of Europe and North Africa.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Even so, the German plan to take control of Britain suffered a failure.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

On 22 June 1941, Germany violated the Molotov—Ribbentrop Pact and invaded the Soviet Union.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The Japanese attack on the United States gave rise to a German declaration of war on the United States.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The Battle of Stalingrad forced the German army to move to the eastern front. [17]


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Germany

The month of September 1943, Italy, an ally of Germany, suffered a defeat, and the German army was forced to hold out in aid of Italy.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The Normandy landings opened the western front and the allied armies managed to urge entry inside German territory.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

On May 8, 1945, the German army suffered a defeat after the Red Army successfully occupied Berlin. [18]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

East Germany and West Germany After the loss of Germany in World War II, the remaining areas of Germany and Berlin were divided by the Allies into 4 military zones.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

These four zones received more than 6.5 million ethnic Germans expelled from the eastern regions. [19]


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Germany

The western sector, controlled by France, Britain, and the United States, merged on 23 May 1949 to form the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland); and on 7 October 1949, the Soviet-controlled eastern sector became the German Democratic Republic (Deutsche Demokratische Republic, DDR).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In general, they are known as “West Germans” and “East Germans”.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

East Germany chose East Berlin as its capital, while West Germany chose Bonn. [20]


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Germany

West Germany emerged as a federal parliamentary state with a “social market economy” system, allied with the United States, the United Kingdom, and France.


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Germany

West Germany enjoyed tremendous economic growth starting in the 1950s ([Wirtschaftswunder] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help)).


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Germany

West Germany also joined NATO in 1955 and became a founding country of the European Economic Community of 1957.


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Germany

East Germany was an Eastern Bloc country with military and political control of the Soviet Union and later joined the Warsaw Pact.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Although East Germany claimed a democratic state, political power was completely controlled by the (Politbüro) under the control of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), which was supported by the Stasi, secret agents, [21] and various other sub-organizations that controlled every aspect of life.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Although East German propaganda took much from the advantages of their social programs and the condemnation of the West German invasion, many East citizens still wanted to go to the West in search of freedom and prosperity. [22]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The Berlin Wall, built in 1961 to stop the population of East Germany from fleeing to West Germany, became a symbol of the Cold War, [23] so its fall in 1989 became a symbol of the Fall of Communism, Germany's return, and Die Wende.


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Germany

Tensions between East Germany and West Germany began to ease early in the 1970s with the policy [Ostpolitik] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) Chancellor Willy Brandt.


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Germany

In 1989 Hungary (a member of the Eastern Bloc) opened its border with Austria (a member of the Western Bloc) resulting in the flow of thousands of East German refugees into West Germany via Hungary.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

This caused chaos in East Germany and a wave of demonstrations gained support.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

This crisis forced the East German government to lay down its powers and agree to unification with the Federal Republic of Germany, officially signed October 3, 1990 (now the Day of German Unity, Tag der Deutschen Einheit). [23]


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Germany

German and EU reunification of the Capital was then agreed moving to Berlin again in 1994 (based on the Berlin/Bonn Deed).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The relocation of the new government was completed in 1999. [24]


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Germany

Bonn itself gained status as a Bundesstadt (federal city) due to being the place of several ministries. [25]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Since unifying, Germany has become more active in its membership of the European Union and NATO.


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Germany

Germany sent peace forces to maintain stability in the Balkans and sent army troops to Afghanistan as an effort to dampen Taliban forces. [26]


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Germany

This troop reduction became controversial because according to their domestic rules, the Germans sent troops only for defense roles. [27]


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Germany

In 2005, Angela Merkel became the first female German Chancellor with a grand coalition in government. [23]


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Germany

The German economy has a social market economy with a highly capable workforce, a large market capitalization, a low level of corruption, [29] and a high level of innovation. [30]


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Germany

Germany is Europe's largest and strongest economy, the world's fourth-largest GDP, [31] the world's fifth-largest gross national income, [32] and the largest contributor to the European Union in 2011. [33]


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Germany

The service sector contributes to 71% of total GDP, industry 28%, and agriculture 1%. [8]


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Germany

The average unemployment rate of the country (May 2012) is 6.7%. [34]


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Germany

The official unemployment rate in the country also includes people working part-time who are looking for full employment. [35]


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Germany

The country's unofficial average unemployment rate was around 5.7% in 2011. [8]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany was the originator of European economic and political integration.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Many of Germany's proposed policies are widely used as EU policies.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany introduced the current European common currency, the euro, on January 1, 2002. [36] [37] Its monetary policy is regulated by the European Central Bank, headquartered in Frankfurt.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Until two decades after German Reunification, today the standard of living and per capita income of the states of the former West Germany remained significantly higher than the states of the former East Germany. [38]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Modernization and economic integration of eastern Germany is a long-term process and is scheduled to end in 2019, with transfers from west to east per year reaching 80 billion US dollars. [39]


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Germany

In January 2009 the German Government agreed to provide an economic stimulus of 50 billion Euros to protect some sectors and reduce unemployment. [40]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Of the 500 largest companies in the world (by revenue) written by the Fortune Global 500, 37 of them are headquartered in Germany.


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Germany

Famous German companies include Mercedes-Benz, BMW, SAP, Siemens, Volkswagen, Adidas, Audi, Allianz, Porsche, Bayer, Bosch and Nivea. [41]


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Germany

Germany is best known for its specialist small and medium-sized companies.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The following is a list of Germany's largest companies by its 2011 earnings: Infrastructure With its position located in the middle of Europe, Germany is a transport link.


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Germany

This can be seen from its transport network which is so intricate and modern.


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Germany

The motorway network (Autobahn) is the third longest toll network in the world and is notable for having no speed limit. [43]


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Germany

Germany also has fast rail lines.


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Germany

The InterCityExpress or ICE network owned by Deutsche Bahn serves major German cities and destinations in neighbouring countries at speeds up to 300km/h (186 miles/hour). [44]


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Germany

Germany's largest airports are Frankfurt Airport and Munich Airport, both being links for Lufthansa.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Some other major airports include Berlin Schönefeld, Hamburg, Cologne/Bonn and Leipzig/Halle.


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Germany

The two airports in Berlin will be united to Berlin Schönefeld and will become Berlin Brandenburg Airport. [45]


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Germany

In 2008, Germany was the world's sixth largest energy consumer, [46] and 60% of the country's energy came from imports. [47]


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Germany

Government policy supports energy conservation and the commercialization of renewed energy.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Efficient energy use has increased since the beginning of the 1970s, the government targets to meet the country's energy needs from 40% of refurbished sources by 2020 and 100% by 2050. [48]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In 2010, energy sources were: oil (33.7%), coal and lignite (22.9%), natural gas (21.8%), nuclear (10.8%), wind and water (1.5%), and some other energy sources (7.9%). [49]


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Germany

In 2000, the government and the nuclear industry agreed to shut down all nuclear power plants by 2021. [50]


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Germany

Germany is committed to the content of the Kyoto Protocol and the movement supporting biodiversity, low emission standards, recycling, and sustainable energy use on a global scale. [51]


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Germany

The German government has initiated emission reduction activities and the country's overall emissions have been reduced. [52]


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Germany

Even so, the country remains Europe's largest producer of greenhouse gas emissions (2010 data). [53]


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Germany

Science and technology Germany's achievements in the field of science have had a significant influence and research and development have become part of the economy. [54]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The Nobel Prize has been bestowed on 103 Germans. [55]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

German researchers earned many Nobels in the field of science, including Physics, Chemistry, and physiology or medicine. [56] [57] The work of Albert Einstein and Max Planck was very influential and became the basis of modern physics, which was later developed by Werner Heisenberg and Max Born. [58]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Other notable physicists include Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Wilhelm Röntgen discovered the X-Ray and became the first Nobel Laureate of Physics in 1901. [59]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Otto Hahn became a pioneer in radioactivity and radiochemistry and discovered nuclear fission. [60] Ferdinand Cohn and Robert Koch were meritorious in the field of microbiology.


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Germany

A number of mathematicians were also German, such as Carl Friedrich Gauss, David Hilbert, Bernhard Riemann, Gottfried Leibniz, Karl Weierstrass, Hermann Weyl and Felix Klein.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Existing research institutions in Germany include the Max Planck Society, the Helmholtz Association and the Fraunhofer Society.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Award is given to 10 researchers and academics each year.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

With a maximum value of 2.5 million euros makes this award one of the most prestigious in the world. [61]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany was also the country of many inventors and engineers, such as Johannes Gutenberg (inventor of the printing press); Hans Geiger (inventor of the Geiger enumerator; and Konrad Zuse (maker of the first automated digital computer). [62]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

German industrialists and engineers such as Ferdinand von Zeppelin, Otto Lilienthal, Gottlieb Daimler, Rudolf Diesel, Hugo Junkers and Karl Benz greatly contributed to the technology of the world of automotive and air transport. [63]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Aviator engineer Wernher von Braun developed the first space rocket and the Saturn V rocket, which became the way for American success in the Apollo program.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz researching electromagnetic radiation was highly meritorious to the development of modern telecommunications. [64]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany is also an advanced country in the use of environmentally friendly technologies.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The companies that have business in this field generate approximately 200 billion euros.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Important industries in this technology include power generation, transportation, waste handling and recycling, and water management. [65]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Population With a total population of about 81.7 million people (2009), Germany is the 15th most populated country in the world.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Since 2003 Germany's total population is dwindling slowly although the country still accepts immigrants. [66]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The unwillingness of German families to have children and rising mortality rates became often designated causes for this state of affairs.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The German demographics have many large cities, some of which have been over two thousand years old.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Yet only three cities have a population of more than a million people: Berlin with 3.4 million people, Hamburg (1.8 million), and München (1.4 million).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The highest concentration of population lies in the Ruhr basin region (Ruhrgebiet or Ruhrbecken, taken from the name of the river flowing there) in the state of Nordrhein Westfalen, which is inhabited by about 20 million people and becomes one of the most populated megapolitan areas in the world.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The region incorporates cities such as Bochum, Dortmund, Duisburg, Essen, and Gelsenkirchen, so practically people do not see boundaries between these cities.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Other large and important cities are Bremen, Duesseldorf, Frankfurt am Main, Hannover, Karlsruhe, Koeln, Nuernberg, and Stuttgart.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Ethnic Germans are nation-states for Germans.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The sense of one nation grew in the 19th century after many parties felt that Germans were torn apart as a result of the Napoleonic Wars.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Before the emergence of such a sense of nationality, Germans were distinguished from the main political units that compose this country or dialect differences, such as ethnic Bayern, Swabia, Baden, Sachsen, Köln, and so on.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

This issue of ethnicity sometimes still arises in certain issues in modern Germany, for example interclub matches within the Bundesliga or, somewhat more seriously, in the placement of an important industrial center.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Legally, Germans are those of German nationality.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

With this restriction, there are indigenous ethnic minorities and ethnic minorities arrivals (immigrants).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Native ethnic minorities include ethnic Danes in the north, ethnic Frisians in the northwest, as well as ethnic Sorbians and Kashubians in some places in northeastern Germany.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Jews have long inhabited German cities and, as in other places, were known as merchants.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany now has the 3rd largest Jewish population in Europe.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In 2004, the number of Jews from the former Soviet Union living in Germany doubled compared to those living in Israel, making a total growth of more than 200,000 since 1991.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Now Jews have a voice in German public life through the umbrella institution of the Jewish Council in Germany (Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Under Fascist Nazi Germany there was a genocide against minority groups called the Holocaust, in which 10 million civilians died, including 6 million Jews.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Since the Industrial Revolution, many immigrants from other European countries worked and settled in Germany.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In the 19th century, immigrants from Italy, Poland, and the Czechs worked in the coal mine industry and factories in the Ruhr and Rhein areas.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The end of World War II led to the arrival of descendants of Germans who had previously settled in various Eastern European countries (Vertreibung, Expulsion of Germans).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The industrial boom in the 1960s and 1970s also invited immigrants, especially from the Balkan regions and Turkey.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The last major wave of immigration occurred since the Reunification of Germany: after this event, Germany opened itself to descendants of Germans still settling in Eastern Europe.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

As of 2004, about 6.7 million non-citizens lived in Germany.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

With the largest coming from Turkey, followed by Italy, Greece, Croatia, the Netherlands, Serbia, Montenegro, Spain, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria, Portugal, Vietnam, Morocco, Poland, Macedonia, Lebanon and France. [67]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

About 2/3 of him have been in the country for eight years or more, and therefore could be naturalized. [68]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The rush of immigrants entering Germany since the end of World War II led to about 19% of the German population in 2008 having a background of other nationalities. [69]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany is a top destination for political refugees (asylum applicants) and economies from many developing countries, but the number has declined in recent years, reaching around 50,000 in 2003.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

German religion was the birthplace of the Church Reformation begun by Martin Luther in the early 16th century.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Today, Protestants (especially in the north and east) comprise 33% of the population and Catholics (mainly in the south and west) also 33%.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

All there are about 55 million Jews.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Most German Protestants are members of the German Evangelical Church.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Free Churches exist within both large as well as small towns.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The Roman Catholic pope emeritus, Pope Benedict XVI, is also German.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In addition there are several hundred thousand Orthodox (mainly Greek and Serbian) adherents, 400,000 members of the New Apostolic Church, more than 150,000 members of Jehovah's Witnesses, and several other smaller groups.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In the territory of former East Germany, religious life was less developed than in EX-West Germany as a result of the previously reigning communist regime paying less attention to religious life.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

About 30% of the German population admits to having no religion.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In the East this figure can be higher.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Church and state are separate, but there is cooperation in many areas, especially in the social sphere, the Church and the religious community, when they are large, stable and faithful to the constitution, can receive special status from the state as a “corporation under public law” which permits the Church to levying taxes from members called Kirchensteuer (church tax).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

This revenue is collected by the state in lieu of collection fees.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The second largest religion is Islam with 3.8 to 4,300,000 followers estimated (4.6% to 5.2%), [132] followed by Buddhism with 250,000 and Judaism with about 200,000 followers (0.3%); Hinduism has some 90,000 followers (0.1%).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

All other religious communities in Germany have less than 50,000 followers [133] Of about 4 million Muslims, mostly Sunnis and Alevites from Turkey, but there are a small number of Shia and other denominations.. [132]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

German European third largest Jewish population (after France and Great Britain) [134] Approximately. 50% of Buddhists in Germany are Asian immigrants. [135]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germans without religious adherence states make up 34.1% of the population, mainly in the East of the former Germany and major metropolitan areas.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The official language is German.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The raw form is known as Baku German (Hochdeutsch or Standarddeutsch) [71].


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The founder of this language was Martin Luther in the 16th century, so he was also known as the “Father of German”.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Baku German is learned in schools so all Germans practically master it.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

It is also spoken in Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and Lichtenstein as an official language of introduction so that residents of these countries can communicate well with each other.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

German is the most beautiful language heard in all of Europe.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In addition, there are also various local dialects; the most important of them are the dialects of Bavaria, Alemania (spoken in Baden, Swabia, and various places in Switzerland), Koeln, Berlin-Brandenburg, and the Saksen dialect.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The existence of this local dialect is further tempered by the use of raw languages or non-raw variants (colloquial or Umgangsprache).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The language Sachsen Hilir or Plattdeutsch, spoken in the northwestern part, is now considered a language of its own and is a variant of the Downstream German language.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In parts of the eastern corner of the state of Sachsen there are Sorbian-speaking communities that are not Germanic but Slavik languages.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Other minority languages are Danish spoken on the border with Denmark, the Frisian language on the northern border with the Netherlands, Turkish as the language of immigrants from Turkey, the Russian language brought by immigrants from Ethnic Germans from Russia, and some languages of immigrants from Russia. other minorities (Italian, Vietnamese, Arabic, and Balkan countries). 67% of German residents say they can communicate at least one foreign language and 27% of residents say they can communicate with 2 other foreign languages besides German. [72]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Education More than 99% of German residents age 15 and older are estimated to read and write. [8]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Education in this country is taken care of by their respective states.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Since the 1960s, a reform movement tried to unify German secondary education into a Gesamtschule (comprehensive school); some German states later simplified their school systems.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

This system is known as Duale Ausbildung (“dualism education”) which makes students in vocational schools to be able to study in a company. [74]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

This successful educational model was subsequently adopted worldwide. [75]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Kindergarten level education is available to all children aged 3-6 years, but it is not compulsory.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

After that, the child gets compulsory education for at least 9 years.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The length of primary education in the country is ranging from 4 to 6 years. [74]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Next, secondary education is available in 3 kinds: Gymnasium to prepare students for university, Realschule, and Hauptschule for vocational school students. [76]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

A general requirement for entering a university in Germany is the Abitur, a qualification that is based on continuous tests during the last years including the final school exam.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

However, there are some exceptions, and the requirements set vary depending on the subject, university, and state.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

German universities are internationally known, with 6 universities in the top 100 (according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) in 2008), and 18 in the top 200. [77]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Most German universities are public universities, with tuition only around €60 per semester (reaching €500 in Niedersachsen state). [78] [79] Thus, education has become affordable for almost all German residents. [80]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Universities in Germany are also included in the ranks of the oldest universities in the world.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The University of Heidelberg is the oldest (standing 1386), then followed the University of Leipzig (1409), the University of Rostock (1419), the University of Greifswald (1456), the University of Freiburg (1457), the LMU Munich (1472) and the University of Tübingen (1477).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Most German universities focus on teaching rather than research.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Research is carried out by independent institutes working on academic fields, such as Max Planck, Fraunhofer, Leibniz and Helmholtz.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

These specialization institutes are not included in academic rankings, thus making German universities seem low-ranked (such as the ARWU rankings).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Several technological institutes in Germany have begun to shift their focus to research.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Culture From its history, German culture was shaped by European intelligentsia, both religious and secular Jews.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In the past, Germany was referred to as Das Land der Dichter und Denker (“the country of poets and thinkers”), [81] because of the large number of famous writers and philosophers who influenced the development of Western culture and thought.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

There are so many cultural institutions in this country.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

There are 240 government-subsidized theatres, hundreds of symphony orchestras, thousands of museums and more than 25,000 libraries spread across the country.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Visitors and connoisseurs are also numerous: more than 91 million museum visitors each year, 20 million theater and opera visitors, and 3.6 million symphony orchestra visitors. [82]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Until 2012, UNESCO recorded 37 World Heritage Sites from Germany. [83]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany has also had high gender equality, [84] promoted the disability rights movement, and was socially tolerant of homosexuals.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Gays and lesbians can adopt infants, and civil union has been allowed since 2001. [85]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany has also changed its attitude towards immigrants, the government and its population have begun to argue that immigration is perfectly legal but must be controlled and has certain qualification standards. [86]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany was the second most valuable country in the world among 50 countries in 2010. [87]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

A global poll conducted by the BBC in 2011 said that Germany was known to have the most positive influence on the world in 2011, [88] and to be the most positively viewed country of 2013. [89]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Art Many German painters gained international prestige through their works.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Albrecht Dürer, Hans Holbein the Younger, Matthias Grünewald and Lucas Cranach the Elder were important artists in Renaissance times, Peter Paul Rubens and Johann Baptist Zimmermann in Baroque times, Caspar David Friedrich and Carl Spitzweg on Romanticism, Max Liebermann on Impressionism and Max Ernst on Surrealism.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Music German classical music consists of works by the world's most famous composers, among them Ludwig van Beethoven, Johann Sebastian Bach, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Johannes Brahms, Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany is Europe's largest music market and the third largest in the world. [90]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

German popular music in the 20th and 21st centuries among them Neue Deutsche Welle (Nena, Alphaville), Ostrock (City, Keimzeit), Metal/Rock (Rammstein, Scorpions), Punk (Die Ärzte, Die Toten Hosen), Pop rock (Beatsteaks, Tokio Hotel), Indie (Tocotronic, Blumfeld) and Hip Hop (Die Fantastischfeld) and Hip Hop (Die Fantastischeld) Dear Vier, Deichkind).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

JMPL|straight|"Sea Castle” architecture on Usedom Island, an example of resort architecture.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Such models are popular in the Baltic Sea region.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

German-style architecture was, among others, Carolingian and Ottonian, which was a precursor of Romanesque.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Brick Gothic in medieval times Brick Expressionism in modern times is 2 different styles that developed in Germany.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Also in the Renaissance and Baroque, there are German-style elements in it (such as the Weser Renaissance and the Dresden Baroque).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

As industrialization developed in Europe, styles of classicism and historicism flourished in Germany, sometimes referred to as the Gründerzeit style due to the economic surge in the late 19th century.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

German contemporary architects among them Hans Kollhoff, Helmut Jahn, Behnisch, Albert Speer Junior, Frei Otto, Oswald Mathias Ungers, Gottfried Böhm, Stephan Braunfels and Anna Heringer.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The literature and philosophy of German Literature can be traced from Medieval times, with works by Walther von der Vogelweide and Wolfram von Eschenbach.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Notable German writers include Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing and Theodor Fontane.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

A collection of folklore legends published by the Grimm Brothers popularized the German folklore.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Famous German writers of the 20th century include Gerhart Hauptmann, Thomas Mann, Hermann Hesse, Heinrich Böll and Günter Grass. [91]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

German publishers produce more than 700 million books annually with 80,000 titles, around 60,000 of them new titles.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany is the third largest country in the number of books published, after English-speaking countries and the People's Republic of China. [92]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Frankfurt Book Fair is an international book trade event that has been running for 500 years. [93]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

German philosophy was also influential.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Gottfried Leibniz's contribution to rationalism; philosophy of enlightenment by Immanuel Kant; the rise of classical German idealism by Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling; formulations of communist theory by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels; development of perspectivism by Friedrich Nietzsche, and Gottlob Frege's contributions to analytical philosophy. [94]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Food German food varies depending on the region.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The southern regions of Bavaria and Swabia, for example, share culinary traditions with Switzerland and Austria.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In all regions, meat is consumed in the form of sausages. [95]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Organic food has a market share of about 2% and is expected to continue to increase. [96]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Although wine is widely drunk in many parts of Germany, the country's national alcoholic drink is beer.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The country's beer consumption is decreasing, but with a rate of 121.4 liters per person (2009), this number is still one of the highest in the world. [97]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The German restaurant is also the second most decorated restaurant in the world, after France. [98]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Pork, cattle, and poultry are the most common types of meat found in Germany.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The average German consumes 61kg (134lb) of meat each year.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Among all poultry, chickens are most consumed, next are ducks, geese and turkeys.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany's 27 million sports are members of sports clubs plus another 12 million people who are livelihoods from sports. [99]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Football is the most popular sport in Germany.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

With 6.3 million official members, the German Football Association (Deutscher Fußball-Bund) is the largest football organization in the world. [99]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The Bundesliga, the highest league of German football, is Germany's most popular sports league with the most tournament visitors averaging in the world.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The German national football team won the FIFA World Cups in 1954, 1974, 1990, and 2014.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany won the 1972, 1980, and 1996 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The country hosted the 1974 FIFA World Cup and the 2006 FIFA World Cup and the UEFA Championship of 1988.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Notable footballers include Franz Beckenbauer, Gerd Müller, Jürgen Klinsmann, Lothar Matthäus, and Oliver Kahn.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Other popular sports include handball, volleyball, ice hockey, and tennis. [99]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Germany is one of the world automotive champion countries.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Constructors such as BMW and Mercedes are the main constructors of the automotive championship.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

Porsche has won the 24 Hours of Le Mans 16 times and Audi has won it 11 times.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

German driver Michael Schumacher is also the world's most Formula One champion. [100]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

In general, German sportsmen also became successful participants at the Olympics, ranking third on the number of total medal gains (combining West and East Germany).


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Germany ranked fifth, [101] while at the 2006 Winter Olympics they managed to become champions. [102]


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

The country hosted the Summer Olympics 2 times, in 1936 and 1972.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

References See also Colombia List of States of Germany List of Cities in Germany List of Presidents of Germany List of Vice-Presidents of Germany List of German figures List of German Chancellors List of Vice-Chancellors List of islands in Germany Wehrmacht German Nation Nazism German Football Association Wikipedia German German Unification German Reunification German Democratic Union German Samoa Donau History German New Guinea German Emperor German Cuisine Nazi Holocaust National Football Team Germany Border Oder-Neisse Indonesian Student Association in Germany Outlink Transclusion error: { {en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

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Question: what is the german country phone code?

Germany

— Actual multilingual German web portal from BBC News Wikimedia Atlas of Germany — Germany's international broadcaster at UCB Libraries GovPubs at Curlie — by the German Federal Foreign Office — Federal Statistical Office Germany Geographic data related to at OpenStreetMap from International Futures Government Tourism Category:Countries in Central Europe Category:G8 Countries Category:G20 Countries Category:NATO Member States Category:European Union Member States Category:United Nations Member States Category:Western Europe


Question: When did Gilda stand up?

Gilda (association)

Gilda is a guild or association of craftsmen or merchants formed to monitor their business or business activities in a particular area.


Question: When did Gilda stand up?

Gilda (association)

The oldest gilda is formed as a conference or business paguyuban.


Question: When did Gilda stand up?

Gilda (association)

These gildes are organized similar to professed societies, unions, cartels, and secret societies.


Question: When did Gilda stand up?

Gilda (association)

Its existence often depends on the grace of letters patent from a head of the monarchy or other heads of government to control and control business activities for the benefit of entrepreneurs who are members, and to maintain ownership of the means of work and supply of materials raw.


Question: When did Gilda stand up?

Gilda (association)

The historical remains of traditional guilds that are still eternal today is the guild hall, namely the meeting hall of the members of the guild.


Question: When did Gilda stand up?

Gilda (association)

If found fraudulent in public, a Gilda member will be subject to a fine or excluded from the guild membership.


Question: When did Gilda stand up?

Gilda (association)

One of the important developments generated by this guild's unionization was the founding of universities in the city of Bologna (founded in 1088), the city of Oxford (established no later than 1096), and the city of Paris (established ca. in 1150); these universities were early established as a student guild (such as the University of Bologna) or a teaching guild (such as the University of Paris). [1]


Question: When did Gilda stand up?

Gilda (association)

The history of ancient guilds was similar to guilds. In the time of the Roman Empire, there were already such guilds called collegium, collegia, or corpus.


Question: When did Gilda stand up?

Gilda (association)

These unions are business associations from one particular field of business with voluntary membership.


Question: When did Gilda stand up?

Gilda (association)

One example is corpus naviculariorum, the association of long-distance sea transport entrepreneurs centered in the city of Ostia, the port of Rome.


Question: When did Gilda stand up?

Gilda (association)

These Roman gildes eventually dispersed with the collapse of the Roman Empire. [2]


Question: When did Gilda stand up?

Gilda (association)

The artisans and artisans in Medieval cities tended to be unionized according to their respective fields of endeavour.


Question: When did Gilda stand up?

Gilda (association)

Paguyuban-Paguyuban wastra craftsmen, masons, carpenters, carvers, and glass craftsmen keep well the secrets of each technology traditionally inherited, namely “art” or “tips” in their field of business.


Question: When did Gilda stand up?

Gilda (association)

Usually the founders of the guild are the masters who open their own businesses and employ people who engage in them. [3] JMPL|The symbol of greatness of the gilda who opened a business in a city within the territory of the Czech Republic, containing emblems of various fields of business and criya typical of the century Mid Europe.


Question: When did Gilda stand up?

Gilda (association)

Medieval Gilda In addition to the two main categories of gilda, namely merchant guilds and craftsmen, [4] there are also concord guilds and religious guilds. [5]


Question: When did Gilda stand up?

Gilda (association)

Gilda-gilda was formed at the beginning of the peak of the Middle Ages when craftsmen began to unite to protect common interests.


Question: When did Gilda stand up?

Gilda (association)

In Germany, craftsmen's guilds are mentioned in the charter of formation of Augsburg Township dated 1156. [6]


Question: When did Gilda stand up?

Gilda (association)

The guild and trade system spread to England from mainland Europe after the island was conquered by the Normans.