Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Temple is a term in Bahasa Indonesia that refers to a religious building where ancient relics originated in the Hindu-Buddhist civilization. [1]


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

This building is used as a place of worship of goddesses or glorifying Buddha.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

However, the term 'temple' is not only used by people to call places of worship only, many non-religious ancient sites from the classical Hindu-Buddhist Indonesian period, both as palaces (kratons), baths (lightning), archways, and so on, are also referred to as temples.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The temple is a replica building where the real gods live, namely Mount Mahameru. [2]


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Therefore, the architectural art is decorated with various carvings and sculptures in the form of ornamental patterns adapted to the nature of Mount Mahameru. [2]


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The temples and messages delivered through architecture, reliefs, and statues are never separated from the elements of spirituality, copypower, and skill of their makers. [3]


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Some temples such as Borobudur Temple and Prambanan are built very magnificent, detailed, rich in luxurious decoration, with sublime aesthetic flavor, using advanced architectural technologies of their day.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

These buildings until now become evidence of how high culture and civilization of the ancestors of Indonesia. [4]


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The terminology “Between the 7th and 15th centuries AD, hundreds of religious buildings were constructed of red brick or andesite stone materials on the islands of Java, Sumatra, and Bali.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The building is called the temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The term also refers to various pre-Islamic buildings including gates, and even baths, but the main manifestations remain religious sacred buildings.”


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

— Soekmono, R. “Candi:Symbol of the Universe”. [5]


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The term “Temple” is thought to be derived from the word “Candika” meaning the name of one of the embodiments of Goddess Durga as the goddess of death. [6]


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Hence the temple is always connected with the monument where the pedharmaan to venerate the posthumous king (who is dead) for example Kidal temple to venerate King Anusapati.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

A growing interpretation abroad — especially among speakers of English and other foreign languages — is; the term temple refers only to the relic buildings of the Hindu-Buddhist era in the archipelago, namely in Indonesia and Malaysia only (example: Lembah Bujang Temple in Kedah).


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

It is the same with the term wat associated with temples in Cambodia and Thailand.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

But from the point of view of Bahasa Indonesia, the term 'temple' also refers to all historical Hindu-Buddhist buildings around the world; not only in the archipelago, but also Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, India, and Nepal; such as Angkor Wat temple in Cambodia and temples Khajuraho in India.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The term temple also sounds similar to the term chedi in Thai meaning 'stupa'.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Temples in Indonesia In Indonesia, temples can be found in the islands of Java, Bali, Sumatra, and Kalimantan, but the most numerous temples are found in Central Java and East Java.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Most Indonesians know the existence of temples in Indonesia that are famous such as Borobudur, Prambanan, and Mendut. [7]


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

In an era in the history of Indonesia, namely in the 8th to 10th centuries was noted as the most productive period in the construction of temples.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

In the Medang Mataram kingdom, large and small temples filled the Kedu plains and Kewu plains in Central Java and Yogyakarta.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Only civilizations that are sufficiently prosperous and fulfilled with the needs of the sandang and its people are able to create high-value architectural works like this.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Some Hindu temples in Indonesia are Prambanan Temple, Jajaghu Temple (Jago Temple), Gedongsongo Temple, Dieng Temple, Panataran Temple, Angin Temple, Selogrio Temple, Pringapus Temple, Singhasari Temple, and Kidal Temple. [8]


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Buddhist temples include Borobudur Temple and Sewu Temple. [8]


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Prambanan Temple in Central Java is one of the most beautiful Hindu-Shiva temples. [9]


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The temple was established in the 9th century AD during the Ancient Mataram Kingdom. [9]


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The name of most temples found in Indonesia is unknown to their original name.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The agreement in the world of archaeology is to name the temple based on the name of the village where the temple was found.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The temples that have been known to the people since long ago, sometimes also accompanied by legends associated with them.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Coupled with the finding of inscriptions or possibly referred to in ancient scripts that allegedly refer to the temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

As a result the name of the temple can vary, for example Prambanan temple, Rara Jonggrang temple, and Siwagrha temple refer to the same temple complex.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Prambanan is the name of the village where the temple stands.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Rara Jonggrang is a local folk legend related to the temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Whereas Siwagrha (Sanskrit: “house of Shiva”) is the name of the sacred building dedicated to Shiva referred to in the Siwagrha Inscription and refers to the same temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Here are a small number of temples that can be known as possible original names: For the rest, the names of other temples are usually named after their village names.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Types and Functions of Types based on JMPL|Ka|Jawi Temple which is a Siwa-Buddhist alloy place pedharmaan king Kertanegara.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Based on its religious background, temples can be distinguished into Hindu temples, Buddhist temples, Siwa-Buddhist syncretic alloys, or buildings of unclear religious nature and may not be religious buildings.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Hindu temples, namely temples to venerate Hindu gods such as Shiva or Vishnu, example: Prambanan temple, Gebang temple, Dieng temple group, Gedong Songo temple, Panataran temple, and Cangkuang temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Buddhist temples, temples that serve for the glorification of Buddha or the purposes of bhiksu sanggha, examples of Borobudur temple, Sewu temple, Kalas temple, Sari temple, Plaosan temple, Banyunibo temple, Sumberawan temple, Jabung temple, Muaro Jambi temple group, Muara Takus temple, and Biaro Bahal temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Siwa-Buddha temple, syncretist temple fusion of Shiva and Buddha, example: Jawi temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Non-religious temple, secular temple or obscure nature or religious purpose, example: Ratu Boko temple, Angin temple, Bajang Ratu archway, Ratu temple, Wringin Lawang temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Types by hierarchy and size From size, complexity, and grandeur the temple is divided into several hierarchies, from the most important temples that are usually very magnificent, to simple temples.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

From the level of the scale of its importance or designation, the temple is divided into: Royal Temple, that is, a temple used by all citizens of the kingdom, where important religious ceremonies of the kingdom are held.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Royal temples are usually built luxuriously, large, and spacious.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Examples: Borobudur Temple, Prambanan Temple, Sewu Temple, and Panataran Temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Wanua Temple or Watak, which is a temple used by people in a certain area or village in a kingdom.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

These temples are usually small and only single buildings are not in groups.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Examples: temples dating from Majapahit period, Sanggrahan Temple in Tulung Agung, Gebang Temple in Yogyakarta, and Pringapus Temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Private Temple, which is a temple used to eat a figure, can be said to have a tomb-like function.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Examples: Kidal temple (pendharmaan Anusapati, king of Singhasari), Jajaghu temple (Pendharmaan Vishnuwardhana, king of Singhasari), Rimbi temple (pendharmaan Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi, mother Hayam Wuruk), Tegowangi temple (pendharmaan Bahun Mathre), and Surawana Temple (pendharmaan Bhre Wengker).


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

JMPL|ka|Jalatunda temple function which serves as a lightning.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The temple can function as: Temple of Worship: the most common Hindu temples, built to worship certain gods, goddesses, or bodhiwildlife, examples: Prambanan temple, Canggal temple, Sambisari temple, and Ijo temple which houses a phallus and dedicated its main to Shiva, Kalas temple built for glorifies Goddess Tara, while Sewu temple to worship Manjusri.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Stupa Temple: erected as a Buddhist emblem or storing Buddhist reliquaries, or a means of Buddhist religious pilgrimage.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Traditionally the stupa was used to store Buddhist reliquies such as ashes of remains, skeletons, pieces of nails, hair, or teeth believed to belong to Gautama Buddha, or prominent Buddhist monks, or the royal family of Buddhist adherents.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Several other stupas were built as a means of pilgrimage and ritual, for example: Borobudur temple, Sumberawan temple, and Muara Takus temple Pedharmaan Temple: same as the category of private temples, namely temples built to venerate the spirit of the king or important figures who have died.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

This temple sometimes serves as a temple of worship also because the spirit of the dead king is often considered united with the embodiment deity, for example: the temple of Hemisphere where Airlangga was posted, the embodiment statue is as Wishnu riding Garuda.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Simping Temple in Blitar, where Raden Wijaya was didharmakan as the god of Harihara.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Hermitage Temple: erected on the slopes of mountain places of hermits, for example: temples on the slopes of Mount Penanggungan, the group of Dieng temples and Gedong Songo temples, as well as Liyangan Temple on the eastern slope of Mount Sundoro, allegedly in addition to serving as worship, is also a place of hermitage at the same time settlement sites.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Temple Temple: established for the place where monks or priests live and live, such temples have functions as settlements or dormitories, for example: Sari temple and Plaosan Temple Gate: erected as archways or entrances, for example: gates in Ratu Boko complex, Bajang Ratu, Wringin Lawang, and Plumbangan temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Petirtaan Temple: erected near the water source or in the middle of the pond and its function as a bathhouse, for example: Lightning Hemisphere, Jalatunda, and Rat temples Some ancient buildings, such as the stones of the foundation of the pendopo laying, walls and gates, and other buildings that really are not is a temple, often mistakenly referred to as a temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Buildings like this are found in Trowulan sites, or paseban or pendopo in Ratu Boko complex which is not a religious building.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Architecture The construction of the temple is made based on some provisions contained in a book Vastusastra or Silpasastra done by silpin, namely artists who make temples (ancient architects).


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

One part of the book Vastusastra is Manasara which originated in South India, which contains not only guidelines for making temples and all its components, but also profane architecture, city shape, village, fort, placement of temples in town and village complexes.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The location of these books also provides guidelines regarding the selection of the location where the temple will be built.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

This is related to the financing of the temple, because usually for the maintenance of the temple, it is determined sima land, which is tax-free swatantra land whose rice harvest income is reserved for the construction and maintenance of the temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Some inscriptions mention the relationship between the sacred building and this sima land.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

In addition, the construction of the temple layout also often takes into account the astronomical location (astrology).


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Some provisions of the book other than Manasara but very important in Indonesia is the condition that sacred buildings should be erected near water, either river water, especially near the confluence of two rivers, lakes, sea, even if there is no artificial pond or put a Water-filled jambangan near the entrance of the sacred building.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

In addition to near the water, the best place to establish a temple is on a hilltop, on a mountain slope, in a forest, or in a valley.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

As we know, temples are generally established near the river, even Borobudur temple is located near the confluence of Elo river and Progo river.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Whereas Prambanan temple is located near Opakh river.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The spread of temples in Central Java is widely spread in the fertile areas of the Kedu plain and the Kewu plains.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The structure Most forms of temple buildings mimic the real abode of the gods, namely Mount Mahameru.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Therefore, the architectural art is decorated with various carvings and sculptures in the form of patterns depicting the nature of Mount Mahameru. [2]


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Ancient relics, such as temple buildings, statues, inscriptions, and carvings in general show the nature of Indonesian culture overlaid by Hindu-Buddhist elements. [10]


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

In essence, the form of temples in Indonesia is punden berundak, where punden berundak itself is an element native to Indonesia. [11]


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Based on its parts, the temple building consists of three important parts, among others, feet, body, and roof. [12]


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The foot of the temple constitutes the lower part of the temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

This part symbolizes the underworld or bhurloka.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

On the Buddhist concept is called kamadhatu.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

It depicts the animal world, the realm of delicate creatures such as demons, giants and asuras, as well as the places of ordinary humans who are still bound to low passions.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The shape is a square equipped with a level on one of its sides.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The base of this temple at the same time forms its plan, it can be rectangular or square.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The entrance staircase of the temple is located in this section, in the small temple the entrance staircase is only on the front, in the large temple the entrance staircase is located in the four corners of the wind.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Usually on the left-right entrance stairs decorated with carved makara.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

On the foot walls of temples are usually decorated with reliefs of flora and fauna in the form of plant tendrils, or in certain temples decorated with figures of guards such as dwarapala.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

At the center of the temple plinth, just below the main room there is usually a well on the basis of a pripih (stone chest).


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

This well is usually filled with the remains of cremated sacrificial animals, then above it is placed pripih.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

In this pripih there is usually the ashes of the king's corpse as well as relics of sacred objects such as gold sheets inscribed with spells, ancient pieces of money, jewels, glass, gold pieces, silver sheets, and shells.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The body of the temple is the central part of the temple which is in the shape of a cube which is considered an intermediate world or bhuwarloka.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

On the Buddhist concept is called rupadhatu.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

It depicts the world where the sacred man seeks to achieve enlightenment and inner perfection.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

At the front there is a door wicket leading to the inner room of the temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The wicket of this temple door is usually decorated with carved head at the top of the center of the door and flanked with makara pattern on the left and right of the door.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The body of the temple consists of garbagriha, which is a chamber (room) in the middle of which contains the main statues, such as the statues of goddesses, bodhiwildlife, or Buddhas revered in the temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

On the outside of the walls in the other three corners are usually given niches carved in reliefs or filled in statues.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

In large temples, these roving niches are expanded into separate rooms in addition to the main room in the middle.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

There is a circular road to connect these spaces as well as to perform a ritual called pradakshina.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

In the hallway is fitted with balustrade fence, and on the gallery the walls of the temple body and the balustrade fence walls are usually decorated with reliefs, either narrative (narrating) or decorative (ornate).


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The roof of the temple is the upper part of the temple which becomes a symbol of the upper world or swarloka.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

On the Buddhist concept is called arupadhatu.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

It describes the heavenly realm where the gods and souls who have attained perfection reside.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

In general, the roof of the temple consists of three tiers which are the upper the smaller the size.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

While the roof of the anggam East Java consists of many levels that form a limas curve that creates an illusory effect that impresses the building looks taller.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

At the apex of the roof is crowned a stupa, ratna, wajra, or pseudo phallus.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

In the temples of anggam East Java, kemuncak or mastakanya shaped cube or cylindrical dagoba.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

At the corner and center of the roof is usually decorated with antefiks ornament, that is, an ornament with three pointed parts of the corner ornamentation.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Most roof walls are left plain, but in large temples, the roof of the temple is decorated with various carvings, such as niches containing the heads of gods, reliefs of gods or bodhiwildlife, jewel-shaped ornamental patterns or kala, or tendrils strands of flowers.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The layout of the temple building there is also a stand-alone group.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

There are two systems in the grouping or layout of the temple complex, namely: Concentric system, centralized cluster system; that is, the position of the parent temple is in the center—middle of the temple (temple perwara).


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The perwara temples are arranged neatly lined up around the mother temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

This system influenced the layout of mandala plans from India.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Examples are groups of Prambanan Temple and Sewu Temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Sequential system, sequential linear cluster system; that is, the position of the emboara temple is in front of the mother temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Some are arranged in a symmetrical sequence, some are asymmetrical.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The order of visitors entering areas that are considered less sacred in the form of gates and outbuildings, before entering the holiest area where the mother temple stands.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

This system is the original layout system of the archipelago that ennobles a high place, so that the parent or holiest building is laid most high behind following the natural topography of the height of the land on which the temple is built.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

For example, Penataran Temple and Sukuh Temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

This system was later continued in the layout of Bali Temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Building materials JMPL|Ka|Blandongan temple in Batujaya branch complex, Karawang, West Java, made from red brick.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The building material of the temple maker depends on the location and availability of materials and technology of the supporting community architecture.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The temples in Central Java use andesite stone, while the temples in the Majapahit period in East Java used a lot of red brick.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Similarly, temples in Sumatra such as Biaro Bahal, Muaro Jambi, and Muara Takus are made of red brick.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The materials for making the temple include: Andesite stones, volcanic clot stones that are laid out forming interlocking boxes.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Andesite stone temple material must be distinguished from stone kali.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Kali stone although similar to andesite but is hard and easily broken if undercut (difficult to form).


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The andesite stones suitable for temples are those that are pent up in the ground so they must be mined on the cliffs of the hill.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

White stone (tuff), a white pyroclastic precipitate stone, was used in the Burning Temple in the Ratu Boko complex.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

This white stone material is also found to be used as a material for the contents of the temple, where the outside is coated with andesite stone Red brick, molded from dried and burnt red earth loam.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Majapahit and Sumatra temples use a lot of red brick.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Stuko (stucco), that is, a kind of concrete material from the collision of stone and sand.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Stuko material found in the Batu Jaya branch.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Bajralepa (vajralepa), that is, the material of cladding the walls of the temple is a kind of yellowish white plaster to smooth and embellish while protecting the walls from damage.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Bajralepa is prepared from a mixture of volcanic sand and fine lime.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

It is said that a mixture of other ingredients is also used such as plant sap, egg white, and others.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Used bajralepa are found in Sari temple and Kasan temple.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Now bajralepa coatings have a lot of peeling off.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Wood, some temples are thought to be made of wood or have wooden components.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The wooden temple is similar to the Bali Temple found now.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Some temples left behind only stone or stone foundation made of andesite stone or brick, while the top made of wood organic matter has long been wiped out.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Some batur bases in Trowulan Majapahit are called temples, although they are actually the foundation of a wooden pillar pendopo.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Sambisari temple and Kimpulan temple have umpak which allegedly the parent temple is shaded by a wooden roof building.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Some temples such as Sari Temple and Plaosan Temple have wooden components because in the stone structure found traces of holes for laying wooden girders support upstairs, as well as holes for inserting door leaves and window bars.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Architectural style JMPL|Ka|Biaro Bahal temple, in Padang Lawas, North Sumatra.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Soekmono, a prominent archaeologist in Indonesia, identified the difference in architectural style (langgam) between central Javanese temples and East Java temples.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Langgam Jawa Tengahan is generally a temple dating from before 1000 AD, while the Javanese anggam Timuran is generally a temple dating from after 1000 AD.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The temples in Sumatra and Bali, due to their similarities are grouped into the East Java anggam. [2] [13] [14] There are some exceptions in the grouping of these temples.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

For example, Penataran, Jawi, Jago, Kidal, and Singhasari temples are clearly included in the group of anggam East Java, but the building material is andesite stone, same as the characteristics of Langgam temple of Central Java; contrasted with Trowulan ruins such as Brahu temple, as well as Majapahit temple others such as Jabung temple and Pari temple made from red brick.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The shape of Prambanan temple is slender similar to East Java temple, but the arrangement and shape of the roof is a anggam Jawa Tengahan.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The location of the temple also does not guarantee its subscription group, for example, the temple is located in Malang, East Java, but this temple subscribes to Central Java which dates back to an older period in the 8th century AD.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

Even in the Tengahan Javanese langgam group there are differences and further divided between the North Central Java anggam (e.g. Dieng Temple group) and South Central Java (e.g. Sewu Temple group).


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

North Central Java temple carving is simpler, the building is smaller, and the group of candles is less; while the temples of South Central Java carvings are more grand and luxurious, the buildings are more magnificent, and the temples in the complex more with regular layout.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

In the late Majapahit period, the architectural style of the temple was marked by the return of elements of the original langgam of the Austronesian archipelago, such as the return of the form of punden berdak.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

The shape of this building is evident in Sukuh temple and Cetho temple on the slopes of Mount Lawu, besides some sacred buildings on the slopes of Mount Penanggungan also display the characteristics of the pyramids similar to the Central American pyramid buildings.


Question: What was the function of the temple during the Hindu Buddhist kingdom?

Temple

See also Mandir Stupa Angkor Wat Temple List of temples Borobudur Temple Gallery, world's largest Buddhist monument Mendut temple near Borobudur Pawon temple between Borobudur and Mendut Prambanan temple, largest Hindu temple in Indonesia Lumbung temple near Prambanan Sewu temple, second largest Buddhist temple after Borobudur Temple Kalasan Temple Sari Temple Plaosan Lor Temple Plaosan Kidul Sambisari Temple Banyunibo Temple Bima Temple, Dieng Temple Puntadewa, Dieng Temple Arjuna, Dieng Temple Srikandi, Dieng Temple Gatotkaca, Dieng Temple Semar, Dieng Temple Gedong Songo, Ungaran Temple Gebang, Yogyakarta Temple Cangkuang, Garut, West Java Sukuh Temple Penataran Temple Jawi Temple Kidal Candi Singhasari Temple Jago Temple Sumberawan Temple Padas Gunung Kawi Temple, Bali Rat Temple, Trowulan Gapura Wringin Lawang, Trowulan Temple Brahu, Trowulan Temple Jabung Gumpung Temple, Muaro Jambi Temple, Jambi Temple Takus Estuary, Riau Outside Links Database about Temples from Perpusnas RI Exploring Ancient Temples in Yogyakarta Database and galleries about temples in Central Java and Yogyakarta Reference Category:Hindu sanctuaries Category:Hindu Architecture Category:Buddhist Architecture


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

In crystallography, crystalline water or hydration water is water contained within a crystal.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Water is often necessary in the formation of crystals. [1]


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

In some contexts, crystalline water is the total weight of water in a compound at a certain temperature and is at a certain stoichiometric ratio.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

According to the classical view, “crystal water” refers to water found in the crystal arrangement of metals or salts complexes, but does not bind directly to metal cations.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Copper (II) sulfate hydrate is bright blue.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Copper (II) anhydrous sulfate is white.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

During the crystallization process from water or vapor solvents, most compounds attract water molecules in their crystal structure.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Crystalline water can generally be removed by heating the sample, but often its crystal properties also disappear. Compared to inorganic salts, proteins crystallize with a large amount of water in their crystal lattice.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Water content of up to 50% has been found plural.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Names (nomenclature) In the molecular formula, crystalline water can be written down in various ways: “hydratn compoundH2O” or “hydrat×n compoundH2O” This notation is used when the compound contains only lattice water (lattice water) or when the crystal structure cannot be determined.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

For example Calcium chloride: CaCl2·2H2O “compound hydrate (H2O) n” A hydrates with water through coordination bonds.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

For example Zinc chloride: ZnCl2 (H2O) 4 The two notation above can be combined as in the case of copper (II) sulfate: [Cu (H2O) 4] SO4·H2O Position in the crystal structure A salt containing crystalline water is known as a hydrate.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

The structure of hydrates can be very complicated, due to the presence of hydrogen bonds that determine the structure of the polymer. [2] [3] In history, the structure of most hydrates has not been known, and a point in a hydrate formula is used to determine the composition of water without signaling how water is bound.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

For example: CuSO4•5H2O - copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate CoCl2•6H2O - cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate SnCl2•2H2O - tin (II) (or stano) chloride dihydrate For most salts, the definite water bond is not important because water molecules will weaken upon dissolving.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

For example, solutions prepared from CuSO4•5H2O and anhydrous CuSO4 have identical properties.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Therefore, the identification of the degree of hydration is only important for determining the equivalent weight: the weight of one mole CuSO4•5H2O is greater than that of one mole of CuSO4.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

In some cases, the degree of hydration is a critical point in determining chemical properties.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

For example RhCl3 is insoluble in water and relatively useless in organophytallic chemistry, while RhCl3•3H2O is versatile.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

A similar case, AlCl3 hydrate is a weak Lewis acid and therefore cannot be used as a catalyst in the Friedel—Crafts reaction.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

AlCl3 samples must be protected from water vapor present in the atmosphere to prevent hydrate formation.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Crystals of copper (II) sulfate hydrate contain [Cu (H2O) 4] 2+ centers that bind to SO42− ions.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Copper is surrounded by six oxygen atoms derived from two sulfate groups and four water molecules.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

The fifth water is somewhere in the structure but does not bind directly to the copper. [4]


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

The aforementioned cobalt chloride is located as [Co (H2O) 6] 2+ and Cl−.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

In tin chloride, each Sn (II) center is pyramidal (meaning the O/Cl-Sn-O/Cl angle is 83°) which binds to two chloride ions and one water.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

The second water in the formula binds hydrogen to the chloride and binds coordination with the water molecule.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Crystalline water is stabilized by electrostatic attractions, consequently common hydrate salts are those with +2 and +3 cations and −2 anions.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

In some cases, the majority of the weight of the compound is the weight of water.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Glauber's salt, Na2SO4 (H2O) 10, is a white crystalline solid that more than 50% of its weight comes from the weight of water.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Let's look at the case of nickel (II) chloride hexahydrate.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

This species has the formula NiCl2 (H2O) 6.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Crystallographic analysis revealed that the solid contains sub-units [trans-NicL2 (H2O) 4] that hydrogen binds to each other and with two other H2O molecules.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Thus, 1/3 of the water molecules in the crystal do not bind directly to Ni2+, and this can be called by the term “crystal water”.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Analysis The water content in most compounds can be determined by knowing the formula.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Unknown samples can be determined through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), where the sample is strongly heated and the accurate weighing results are plotted against temperature.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

The amount of water that disappears is then divided by the mass of the water moler to obtain the number of water molecules bound to the salt.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Other crystallized solvents Water is a commonly found solvent in crystals due to its small and polar nature.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

However, all solvents can be found in crystals.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Water becomes important because of its reactive properties, while other solvents such as benzene are relatively chemically harmless.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Sometimes, more than one solvent is found inside a crystal, and it often varies stoichiometrically.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

It is described in the concept of crystallography as “partial occupancy”.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

It is common and conventional for chemists to “dry” a sample with a combination of vacuum and heat until “constant weight” is obtained.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

For other crystallized solvents, analysis can be performed by dissolving the sample in a solvent containing deuterium and analyzing the solvent signal in the sample using NMR spectroscopy.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Single crystal X-ray crystallography is often able to detect the presence of these crystallized solvents well.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Other methods have also been available.


Question: Who created the crystal water table?

Crystal water

Table of crystalline water in some inorganic halides The table below shows the number of water molecules per metal in some salts. [5] [6] See also Hydrate Mineral hydration Reference Category:Crystallography Category:Hydrates


Question: What are the number of sub-districts in Situbondo Regency?

List of sub-districts and sub-districts in Situbondo Regency

Below is a list of sub-districts and villages in Situbondo Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia.


Question: What are the number of sub-districts in Situbondo Regency?

Situbondo Regency consists of 17 sub-districts, 4 sub-districts, and 132 villages (out of a total of 666 sub-districts, 777 sub-districts, and 7,724 villages in East Java).


Question: What are the number of sub-districts in Situbondo Regency?

In 2017, the population reached 681,280 inhabitants with an area of 1,669.87 km² and a population spread of 408 inhabitants/km². [1]


Question: What are the number of sub-districts in Situbondo Regency?

The list of sub-districts and sub-districts in Situbondo Regency, is as follows: Sub-District Number of villages/village list, Situbondo8Asembagus, Situbondo10Banyuglugur, Situbondo7Banyuputih, Situbondo5Besuki, Situbondo10Bungatan, Situbondo7Anchor, Situbondo8Jatibanteng, Situbondo8Kapongan, Situbondo10Kendit, Situbondo7Mangaran, Situbondo6Mlandingan, Situbondo7Panarukan, Situbondo8Panji, Situbondo12Situbondo, Situbondo6Suboh, Situbondo8Sumbermalang, Situbondo9Total136 See also List of districts and sub-districts in Indonesia List of sub-districts and Villages in East Java Outside Reference (in Indonesian) (in Indonesian) (in English) (in Indonesian) (in English) Category:List of sub-districts and wards in Indonesia


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

China (simplified Chinese:中人民和国; traditional Chinese:中華人民和; Pinyin:zhŏnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó; Peh-ōe-jī:Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiŏng-hô-kok, abbreviated RRT, Chinese or Chinese; literal People's Republic:) is a country located in East Asia capitalized in Beijing [1] The country has the largest population in the world (approximately 1.35 billion inhabitants) and an area of 9.69 million square kilometers, making it the 4th largest country in the world. [2]


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The country was founded in 1949 after the end of the Chinese Civil War, and has since been led by a single party, the Communist Party of China (CCP). [3]


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Even if it is often seen as a communist state, most economies of the republic have been unified since the 1980s. However, the government still watches its economy politically especially with government-owned companies and the banking sector.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Politically, it still remains a one-party government.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

As the country with the most population in the world, with a population exceeding 1.363 billion inhabitants (estimated in 2014), the majority of which is Chinese.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

To suppress population numbers, the government is enterprising the one-child policy.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Mainland China is a term used to refer to areas under the administration of the RRT and excluding the special administrative areas of Hong Kong and Macao, while the name of the Republic of China refers to other entities that used to have controlled China from 1912 until 1912. his defeat in the Chinese Civil War.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Currently the Republic of China only controls the island of Taiwan, and is capitalized in Taipei, therefore it is commonly called Chinese Taipei, especially in sports events.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The RRT claims territory belonging to the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) but does not command it, whereas the Republic of China claims sovereignty over all of mainland China that the RRT currently controls. (see also: Taiwan's political status) [4] China has had the most massive and most complex economy in the world for more than two millennia, along with several heydays and downfalls. [5] [6] Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978, China has become a country with growth fastest economy in the world.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

As of 2013, the country became the world's second largest economy by total nominal GDP and PPP, as well as being the world's largest exporter and importer. [7]


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

China is the country with nuclear weapons and has the world's largest active army, with the world's second largest military spending. [8] [9] The RRT became a member of the United Nations in 1971, where it replaced the Republic of China as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

China is also a member of various other organizations such as WTO, APEC, BRICS, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, BCIM and G-20.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

China is a major power in Asia, and a potential superpower according to some observers. [10] [11] History After World War II, the Chinese Civil War between the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang Nationalist Party ended in 1949 with the communists taking control of China The mainland and Kuomintang withdrew to the island of Taiwan and several offshore islands in Fujian.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

On 1 October 1949, Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China and established a communist state [12], but did not attempt to take control of the island of Taiwan.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Advocates of Maoism policies say that under Mao, China's unity and sovereignty could be ensured for the first time in decades, and there are developments in infrastructure, industry, health, and education, which they believe have helped improve people's standard of living.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

They also believe that campaigns such as the Far Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution are important in accelerating China's development and clearing their culture.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Supporters were also doubtful of the statistics and testimonies given regarding the number of fatalities and other damage caused by Mao's campaign.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

They say that this famine is caused by natural disasters; some doubt the number of deaths from the famine, or say that more people died from starvation or other political causes during the reign of Chiang Kai Shek (1928-1949).


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Even so, critics of Mao's policies say that Mao's administration imposes strict scrutiny on people's daily lives, and are convinced that campaigns such as the Far Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution played a role or resulted in the loss of millions of lives, wreaking huge economic costs, and damage to China's cultural heritage.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The Far Leap Forward, in particular, preceded a period of great famine in China which, according to trustworthy West and East, resulted in the deaths of 45 million people within 4 years [13] After the dramatic economic failure of the early 1960s, Mao stepped down from his post as chairman general of China.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Shortly afterwards the National People's Congress inducted Liu Shaoqi as Mao's replacement.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Mao remained party chairman but was removed from day-to-day economic duties controlled more leniently by Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping and others who embarked on financial reforms.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In 1966 Mao launched the Cultural Revolution, which his opponents saw as a retaliation against his rivals by mobilizing teenagers to support his thinking and get rid of the soft leadership of the time, but by his supporters was seen as an experiment direct democracy and a genuine step in eliminating corruption and other bad influences from Chinese society.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Chaos arose but this soon diminished under the leadership of Zhou Enlai where the moderate forces again gained influence.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

After Mao's death, Deng Xiaoping succeeded in gaining power and Mao's widow, Jiang Qing along with his associates, the Group of Four, who had taken over state power, were arrested and brought to justice.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Since then, the government has gradually (and has much) softened the government's control over the daily lives of its people, and has begun the move of the Chinese economy towards a market-based system.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Advocates of financial reform — usually middle-class folk and Western observers of the left and right — point to evidence of rapid development in the economy in the consumer and export sectors, the creation of a middle class (especially in coastal cities where most industrial development centralized) which now constitutes 15% of the population, an increasingly high standard of living (shown through the rapid increase in GDP per capita, consumer spending, estimated age, read-write percentage, and amount of rice production) and wider personal rights and freedoms for ordinary people.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Critics of economic reform point to evidence that the reform process has created wealth disparities, environmental pollution, income-so corruption, increased unemployment due to layoffs in inefficient state enterprises, and has introduced less cultural influence accepted.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

As a result they believe that Chinese culture has been corrupted, the poor are getting poorer and segregated, and the country's social stability is increasingly under threat.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Despite its slack on capitalism, the Chinese Communist Party remains in power and has maintained a curb policy against assemblages deemed dangerous, such as Falun Gong and separatist movements in Tibet.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Supporters of this policy maintain stability in a society riven by class differences and hostility, which has no history of public participation, and limited laws.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Critics say that this policy violates human rights known to the international community, and they also claim it resulted in the creation of a police state, which raises fear.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

China adopted the constitution on 4 December 1982 which is used until now.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Politics According to its official definition, the RRT is a communist state because it was indeed a communist state in the last 20th century.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Officially it is still known as a communist state, although a number of political scientists now do not define it anymore as a communist state.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

There is no precise definition that can be given to the type of government that this country dictates, because its structure is not known for sure.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

One of the reasons this problem exists is that because of its history, China is a country ruled by emperors for 2000 years with a strong central government with the influence of Confucianism.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

After the monarchical era ended in 1911, China was ruled autocratically by the Kuomintang Nationalist Party and several warlords.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Then after 1949 the rule was continued by the Communist Party of China.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The RRT government is often said to be autocratic, communist and socialist.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

It was also seen as a communist empire.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Members of the communists who winged more to the left dubbed it a capitalist state.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Indeed, the Chinese state is getting more and more towards a free economic system.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In an official document issued recently, the government outlined a democratic administration of the country, although the real state there is not so.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The RRT government is escorted by the Communist Party of China (CCP) and the state leader is elected directly by the Party through the Congress.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Although there are few movements towards liberalization, such as the general elections now held at the village level and some representative bodies, the party continues to have a close eye, especially over the election of government positions.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Although the state used autocratic means to drive out elements of opposition to its government, at the same time the government also tried to reduce opposition by advancing the economy, justifying appointing personal feelings, and serving opponents who were considered harmless against the government more equitably.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Screening against political da'wahs was also routine, and the RRT expressly abolished any protests or organizations it considered harmful to its rule, as happened at the Tiananmen Demonstrations in 1989.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

However, the media of this people's republic is increasingly active broadcasting social problems and horrendous symptoms of 'bending' in the subordinate ranks of government.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The RRT was also so successful in blocking the information movement, and there was a time when they were forced to replace their police as an act of retaliation against people's protests.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Although the structured opposition to the CCP is not justified at all, the demonstrations of the people are getting longer and more often and left.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The popularity of the Party among the people is difficult to measure, because there is no election at the national level, and if the Chinese are asked by themselves, some are supportive and others who deny, but most refuse to comment on political matters.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In general, many of them like the role of government enshrines stability, which allows economies to progress without any problems.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Among the major political problems in China are social disparities among rich and poor and bribery symptoms that prevail due to government biocracy.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

There are also other political parties in the RRT, although they are only sub-parties or parties that meet with the CCP.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The CCP held a dialogue with them through a special transportation agency, named by the Chinese People's Reserves Transportation Council which the RRT considered.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

This way is preferred government over election.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Nevertheless, this party in total does not give any impression on the police and the basics of the kingdom.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The function of this special transportation agency is more to the outside eyes of the CPP, although there are supervisors of this body at all levels of government.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China maintain diplomatic relations with almost all countries in the world, but set the condition that countries wishing to establish diplomatic cooperation with it must agree to China's claim to Taiwan and sever official relations with the government of the Republic of China.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

China also actively opposes overseas trips made by Taiwan independence supporters such as Lee Teng-hui and Chen Shui-bian as well as Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In 1971, the RRT replaced the Republic of China as the representative for “China” at the United Nations and as one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

China was also once a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, and now remains in its role as an observer member.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Much of his present foreign policy is based on the concept of a peaceful Chinese awakening.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Sino-American relations have been damaged and repaired several times in recent decades.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In May 1999, a B-2 Stealth Bomber warplane dropped three bombs each weighing 900kg over the Chinese embassy office in Belgrade during the upheaval of Kosovo.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

These bombs killed three Chinese citizens working in related embassies.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The United States, which was reluctant to take responsibility for the incident that it described as a 'disaster' said it was a mistake using an old map that gave incorrect information about the building's position as the weapons base of the Yugoslav administration.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The RRT government was not satisfied with this explanation and indicted that it was deliberately done.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In April 2001, an American-owned peeping flying boat called EP-3E Aries II that was over the Chinese island of Hainan met a Chinese jetliner noticing its movements.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

A related Chinese plane was blown away and its sights killed when a US peeping ship was forced to hold an emergency landing on the island of Hainan.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The American and Chinese stories regarding this incident differ slightly in content.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The American version states that his plane was over international oceans whereas the RRT indicted he was over its Exclusive Economic Zone.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Both sides blamed the opposing side responsible for this incident. 24 American shipboys were detained for 12 days before being released and this incident made an impact on the diplomatic relations of both countries.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

America also did not apologize for the mistakes it made when the RRT government took the decision on the grounds of pity to release the children of its ships.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

One more case related to the Cox report, which indicted RRT custody had compromised the United States' nuclear secrets for decades.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Sino-Japan relations are often shackled by Japan's unwillingness to confess its war sins and apologize for its cruelty over the Chinese people and other Asian countries during World War II, especially in the Nanjing Massacre.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Some Western bodies and Western governments criticize China for supposedly denying human rights and its foreign relations with Western governments were dogged by the events in Tian'anmen in 1989.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Human rights are often leveraged by these administrations.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In addition, China is involved in several other regional opposition: Taiwan, controlled by the Republic of China, claimed by the People's Republic of China.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

(See also: Political status of Taiwan) Aksai Chin, controlled by RRT, claimed by India Paracel Islands, controlled by RRT, claimed by Vietnam and Republic of China Spratly Islands, contested between RRT, Taiwan, Malaysia, Vietnam, Philippines, and Brunei Darussalam Diaoyu Islands/Senkaku Islands, Japanese-controlled, claimed by the RRT and the Republic of China Arunachal Pradesh/South Tibet, Indian controlled, claimed by the RRT In 2004, the Russian state agreed to hand over the Yinlong Islands and parts of the Heixiazi Islands to the RRT, and simultaneously establish the border shuffle between the two that country.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

These two islands lie between the junction of the Amur river and the Ussuri river, and before that were governed by Russia and prosecuted by the RRT.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

This case should close up and strengthen the friendship between the two countries, but there is little dissatisfaction from both sides.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Russians see the gift as a weakness for his government to maintain land that was deprived during World War II.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Cossack peasants in Khabarovsk were also disliked by losing their processed land while news of this agreement in Mainland China was filtered out by the RRT government.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Some Chinese communities in the Republic of China and Chinese who can overcome this sieve criticized this treaty and initiated it as recognition of Russian rule over Outer Mongolia surrendered by the Qing Dynasty while losing the war under the Unequal Treaty including The Treaty of Aigun in 1858 and the Convention of Peking in 1860 were past in lieu of the exclusive use of Russian crude oil.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

This agreement has been ratified by the Chinese People's National Congress and the Russian State Duma but not implemented to present. It became popular for a number of extreme nationalists to demand Mongolia, Tuva, Outer Manchuria, Ryukyu Islands, Bhutan, the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar and the region northeast of Lake Balkhash in Central Asia.—> The Chinese military has the largest army in the world called the People's Liberation Forces (PLA), although not the largest military budget (held by the United States), despite common belief in both the PLA and observers beyond that number is not a good measure of military strength.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

That fact makes most Western human rights organizations feel angry and angry with Chinese words that want security, even though it has been agreed within and outside the Republic that the RRT army's ability to carry out ordnance operations outside its colonies is limited and the number of members is not so useful for determining the strength of his army.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Estimating Chinese military funds will produce a variety of different figures based on what the military considers, how to decipher the limited information available, and how one deals with currency exchange rate factors.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Existing estimates give US$9 billion as the lowest and US$60 billion as the highest (in terms of purchasing power parity) in 2003; the amount of US$60 billion makes China the second largest country after the United States with funds budget of US$400 billion (almost 7x as much).


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The republic's military spend in 2005 was US$ 30 billion, but this does not include money used for external weapons purchases, army studies and development, or paramilitary (RRT Police), and critics call it a deliberately attempted attempt to defraud world.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Recently one RAND study on the page of the site estimated that the republican's actual military shopping is 1.4-1.7 times greater than its official expenditure. However, the American army also tried to cheat with its expenses by deliberately spending it in Afghanistan and Iraq rather than its official Defence Office spending.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

See China, despite its advanced nuclear weapons and shipping systems, is widely seen as having only limited capabilities to deploy its military force outside of China and is not considered a superpower despite often being considered a major regional power.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

This is because most of the weapons equipment used by the People's Republic of China is still antiquated and needs to be modernized in terms of United States standards.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

But he is still seen as a regional superpower.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Its air force still requires carrier war planes and most of its warplanes are out of date.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Budgeting said that its spending of US$56 billion was the third largest after the United States (more than US$ 400 billion for the 2005-2006 budget year) and Russia.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

See also: Chinese military budget.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The administrative division of the People's Republic of China has administrative control over 22 provinces (下); the RRT government considers Taiwan () as the 23rd province (see Political status of Taiwan for further details).


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The government also claimed the South China Sea which is now still contested.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Apart from these provinces, there are also 5 autonomous regions (区) containing many ethnic minorities; 4 municipalities () for China's largest cities and 2 special administrative regions (SAR) () ruled by the RRT.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Below is a list of areas of administrative division that are under RRT control.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Anhui Province (安) Fujian () Gansu () Guangdong () Guizhou () Hainan (海南) Hebei (河北) Heilongjiang (江江) Henan (河南) Hunan (南) Jiangsu (江) Jiangxi (江西) () Qinghai (青海) Shaanxi (西) Shandong (山东) Shanxi (山西) Sichuan (四川) Yunnan (南) Zhejiang (江) Taiwan () (etikaikan) Beijing Municipality (北京) Chongqing () Shanghai (上海) Tianjin (天) Guangxi Autonomous Region (西) Inner Mongolia () Ningxia () Xinjiang (新) Tibet (西) Special administrative area of Hong Kong () Macao () Government structure of GOtonomo (State) Shěng ( Province) Xiāng (District/City) Xiāng Xiāng (Village/Village) Xiāng (Village/Village) Xiāng (Village) Xiāng (Village/Village) Xiāng (Village) Neighbor Committee (RRT) Geography is the 3rd largest country in the world after Russia, Canada, and its territory covers a vast area of land in the world former Yellow River Valley Civilization.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In the east, along with the coasts of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, it is found vast and dense that occupies new land fields; the coast of the South China Sea is more mountainous and southern China is dominated by hilly areas and lower mountain ranges.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In the east central part are found the delta of 2 major Chinese rivers, Huang He (Yellow River) and Chang Jiang (Long River).


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Other major rivers are the Zhu Jiang, Songhua Jiang, Mekong, Brahmaputra and Amur.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

To the west, major mountain ranges, particularly the Himalayas with China's highest point Mount Everest, and high plato traits among the drier landscapes of deserts such as Takla-Makan and the Gobi Desert.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Because long droughts and perhaps low agriculture make dust storms have become commonplace in spring in China.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

According to China's Environmental Protection Agency, the Gobi Desert has been developed and is a major source of dust storms affecting China and other parts of Northeast Asia such as Korea and Japan.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Sand from northern areas has been reported up to the west coast of the United States.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

River water management (such as disposal of fecal remains, pollution by refineries, and water extraction for irrigation and beverage) and shrinkage of hill soil have resulted in adverse impacts on other countries.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Economy As of 2013, China is the world's second largest economy by nominal GDP with US$9.469trillion according to the International Monetary Fund. [16]


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

When calculated according to the balance of shopping skills (PPP), the Chinese economy is also in second place, with a value of US$16.149 trillion. [16]


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In 2013, PPP GDP per capita was US$11,868, while GDP per capita was US$6,959.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In this case, it puts China at 90th out of 183 countries in the GDP per capita ranking. [17]


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The People's Republic of China characterizes its economy as Socialism with Chinese features.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Since late 1978, the Chinese leadership has touted the economy from a Soviet planned economy to a market-oriented economy but still within the rigid political framework of the Communist Party.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

To that end officials increased the powers of local officials and installed managers within the industry, allowed small-scale enterprises in services and light production, and opened the economy to foreign trade and investment.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In this direction the government reimburses to the system of liability of the agricultural grievances in the replacement of the old system based on incorporation, adding the power of local employees and refinery administrators in the industry, and allowing various businesses in service and light refinery, and opened the economy on trade and foreign ports.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Pricing scrutiny has also been loosened.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

This resulted in mainland China changing from a led economy to a mixed economy.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The RRT government did not like to emphasise similarity when it began to build its economy, instead the government emphasized increasing personal income and consumption and introduced a new management system to increase productivity.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The government also focused itself in foreign trade as the main vehicle for economic growth, for which they established more than 2000 Special Economic Zones (Special Economic Zones, SEZs) where investment laws were extended to attract foreign capital.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The result is a GDP that has quadrupled since 1978.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In 1999 with a population of 1.25 billion people and a GDP of only $3,800 per capita, China became the sixth-largest economy in the world in terms of exchange rates and third largest in the world after the European Union and the United States in purchasing power.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The average annual income of Chinese workers is $1,300.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

China's economic development is believed to be one of the fastest in the world, around 7-8% per year according to Chinese government statistics.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

This makes China the main focus of the world in the present with almost all countries, including Western countries that criticize China, eager to establish trade relations with it.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

China since January 1, 2002 has been a member of the World Trade Organization.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Mainland China is renowned as a low-cost production place to run refinery activities, and the absence of a union is very attractive to foreign corporate administrators, especially because of the abundance of cheap labor.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Workers at Chinese factories are typically paid 50 cents - 1 American dollar an hour ($0.86 average), compared with $2 to $2.5 in Mexico and $8.50 to $20 in the US.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

These RRT workers are often forced to work hard in dangerous areas and are easily oppressed by employers because there are no laws and unions that can protect their rights.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In late 2001, the average electricity rate in Guangdong Province was 0.72 yuan (9 American cents) per kilowatt hour, higher than the average level in mainland China of 0.368 yuan (4 U.S. cents).


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

China officially abolished “direct budgetary outlays” for export on January 1, 1991.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

However, it is believed many Chinese export producers receive many other subsidies.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Other forms of export subsidies include energy, material materials or labour provision.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Exports from agkriculture products, such as maize and cotton, still enjoy direct export subsidies.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

However, China has reduced the amount of corn export subsidies in 1999 and 2000.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The low cost of raw materials is one more aspect of the Chinese economy.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

This is due to the surrounding competition that leads to excessive results that contribute to lowering the cost of purchasing raw materials.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

There is also price oversight and assurance of sources living from the old economic system based on the Soviets.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

As the country continues to reserve its companies and workers move to more profitable sectors, this deflationary effect will continue to add upward pressure to prices in the economy.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

“Preferential” tax incentives are one other example of export subsidies.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

China is trying to harmonize the tax and customs system run in domestic and foreign companies.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

As a result, “preferential” taxes and customs policies that benefit exporters within special economic zones and port cities have been targeted for renewal.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Chinese exports to the United States were $125 billion in 2002; American exports to China were $19 billion.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

This difference causes its main cause for the fact that Americans consume more than they produce and low-paid Chinese cannot afford expensive American products.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

America itself buys more than it makes and even though the people of RRT want to buy American-made goods, they can't do so because the price of American goods is too high.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Another factor is the unfavorable exchange exchange between the Chinese Yuan and the US dollar being “locked” because the RRT binds it to a fixed rate of 8 renminbi at 1 dollar.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

On July 21, 2005, the People's Bank of China announced to allow the renminbi currency to be determined by the market, and allow a 0.3% increase a day.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Chinese exports to the United States are increasing 20% annually, faster than U.S. exports to China.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

With the elimination of textile quotas, RRT will certainly control most of the world's clothing market. [18]


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Although the population numbers are huge, this still only gives the average PNB per person only about $5,000, about 1/7 of the United States.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The official economic growth report for 2003 was 9.1%.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

It was estimated by the CIA in 2002 that agriculture donated 14.5% of China's PNB, industry and construction about 51.7% and services about 33.8%.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Rural median incomes are about one-third in urban areas, a disparity that has widened in the past decade.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Because of its vast size and long culture, RRT has a tradition as an economic ruling state.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In the words of Ming Zeng, managing professor in Shanghai, in some statistics, at the end of the 16th century, RRT had a third of GDP.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The dashing United States now has only 20%.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

So, if you make this historical comparison, three or four hundred years earlier, China is certainly the world's greatest power.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The experiment of realizing this proud state is certainly one of the goals of the Chinese.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

So it is not surprising that the phenomenon of the world's non-Chinese is willing to learn this Chinese language and American and Western growling towards China is common in world political scenarios today.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

However, the gulf of wealth collection between coastal and deepening areas of China is still very large.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

To match this potentially dangerous state, the government implemented strategies for Western China Development in 2000, Northeast China Redevelopment in 2003, and Central China Revival in 2004, all aimed at helping the interior China is building together.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Demographics Officially the RRT views itself as a single nation (Chinese) that is multi-ethnic with 56 recognized ethnicities.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The ethnic Han majority compose nearly 93% of the population; however it constitutes a majority in only nearly half of China's regions.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The Han people themselves are heterogeneous, and can be considered as a collection of various ethnics that practice culture and speak the same language.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Most Han tribes speak a variety of Chinese vernacular languages, which can be seen as one language or language family.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The largest subdivision of spoken Chinese is Mandarin, with more speakers than any other language in the world.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

A standardized version of Mandarin that is based on the Beijing dialect, known as Putonghua, is taught in schools and used as the official language throughout the country.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The Communist Revolution in the country since 1949 left a great impression that almost 59% of its population (more or less 767 million people) became Atheists or did not believe in God.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

But approximately 33% of them believe in tradition beliefs or combined beliefs of Buddhism and Taoism.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Adherents of the country's largest religion are Mahayana Buddhists who number 100 million people.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In addition, Theravada Buddhists and Tibetan Buddhists are also mandated by ethnic minorities on the northwestern border of the country.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In addition it is estimated that there are 1.7% of the Islamic population (mostly Sunni) and 2.3% Christian in the country.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The country has long experienced population growth problems.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In an effort to limit the development of its population, the RRT has taken a policy limiting urban families (non-Han ethnic minorities excluded) to 1 child and families in the interior may have 2 children, when the first is a woman.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Because men are considered more economically valuable in rural areas, there is a high incidence of sex-selective abortion and child rejection in rural areas to ensure that the second child is a man.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

This basis is only for the majority population of the Han nation.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

There are many orphan houses for these naked children, but only 2% are used as adopted children by others.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The rest is also big in the house of the orphans.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The RRT has intimated international adoptive child retrieval programs, where residents of other countries come to raise them, but the program has seen unsatisfactory results.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The year 2000 passed with a sex comparison of 117 men: 100 women which is high compared to the usual comparison (106:100) but can be compared to some places like the Caucasus and South Korea.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Although this comparison is said to exist due to sexism, it has recently been associated with hepatitis as well.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The RRT government is trying to mitigate this problem by emphasizing the harness of women and has stepped along preventing medical providers from showing parents the expected sex of the baby.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The result of this unbalanced comparison embodies 30-40 million men who cannot get a life partner.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Many of these men are looking for their dream girls in other countries or in prostitution centers.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In some cases, girls were kidnapped and sold as wives in distant villages.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

China's general health is also inseparable from some of the general health problems on the rise, like other countries.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Health problems related to air and water pollution, a widespread outbreak of HIV-AIDS and millions of smokers.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

HIV outbreaks, coupled with the usual pathways of infection, were widespread in the past due to unclean practices used in blood collection in rural areas.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The tobacco problem is complicated by the fact that most cigarette sales are government-monopolized.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The government, which relies on income from cigarette transmission, looks doubtful in its response to tobacco problems compared to other common health problems.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Hepatitis B is plagued in Mainland China, with the majority of the population spreading the disease; 10% of them are severely affected.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Often this leads to lever failure or liver cancer, something that is a common cause of death in China.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Hepatitis B is also known to be the source of the lack of women being born than men, and this also explains why the number of men far exceeds women in China. [19]


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In November 2002, a pneumonia-like virus that is SARS disease struck Guangdong province.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

However, in the early rankings of the disease, China has censored and filtered news about it to the outside world, as much as it caused the disease to reach Hong Kong, Vietnam and other countries through international travelers.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

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In China, 5,327 cases were reported and 348 deaths were authorized, making the country the most severely attacked.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

At the end of 2004 and 2005 the number of cases was decreasing, even so on May 19, 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that RRT was free from SARS.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

One more problem facing China is bird flu and Streptococcus suis bacteria.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Flu disease has been known to be sourced from local birds and some residents, and scientists estimate that this virus will cause a major pandemic that will trap these traces if the way it is taken from bird-humans to humans.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Streptococcus suis anyway is still limited in Sichuan province.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

In 2008, nearly 100,000 residents were killed as a result of a milk scandal.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Technology and science On October 15, 2003, using Long March 2F rockets and Shenzhou V manned spacecraft, RRT became the 3rd country to put humans in space through its hard efforts.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

After the Soviet RRT-infighting, the Chinese state began to establish its own nuclear deterrence program and space transportation system.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The result of this policy was the launch of the Dong Fang Hong 1 satellite in 1970, the first Chinese satellite.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

This makes it the fifth country to launch its own space satellite.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

The country is planning a manned spaceflight program in the early 70s, with “Project 714" and the Shuguang manned spacecraft expected.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

China

Due to a spate of political and economic setbacks, the manned flight program was never accomplished either until 2003.


Question: what is the population of the Republic of China in 2012?

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However, in 1992 Projek 921 was justified and on November 19, 1999, Shenzhou 1's unloaded rocket was launched, the first test of the country's rocket.