Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

When the glass is 80% full, the dragon stops taking out the beer, and the guest immediately picks up the glass.


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

When he was slow in drinking beer and returning the glass to the top of the leaf, the door in the pavilion on the mountain opened and the mechanical wine renderer, in a hat and dress, appeared with a wooden stick in his hand.


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

As soon as the guest returns the glass, the dragon fills it back, the wine renderer returns to its place, and the pavilion door closes... A pump sucks beer that flows into the beer pool through a hidden hole and returns the beer to its source inside the mountain. [263]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

Although the use of seductive mechanical puppets in wine renderers is an original invention, the use of mechanical puppets in China has existed since the Qin Dynasty (221—207 BC), [264] while Ma Jun in the 3rd century created a mechanical puppet theater driven by water ball turnover. [264]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

There was also an automatic wine renderer in the Greco-Roman civilization, the Heron design of Alexandria that used a jambangan with deep valves and levers similar to the tools described above.


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

Meanwhile, there are various stories of automatically moving tools in the Tang Dynasty, such as the statue of the wooden priest general Yang Wulian who stretched out his hand to collect donations; when the amount of coins reached a certain weight, this mechanical statue moved his hand to put a coin in a bag. [265]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

This weight-and-lever mechanism is similar to Heron's created slot machine. [266]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

One example of another tool in the Tang Dynasty is Wang Ju's “wooden otter” which supposedly can catch fish; Needham suspects that the ni tool uses some kind of spring. [265]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

In the field of architecture, there is a law regarding building standards, which is described in the book Yingshan Ling (National Building Law). [267]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

A portion of the book still survives in Tang Lü (Tang Act), [268] while Song Dynasty architecture guide Yingzao Fashi (State Building Standards) by Li Jie (1065—1101) is the oldest surviving Chinese architectural treatise fully. [267]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

Wooden beam printing Wooden block printing allows the spread of writing for many readers.


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

One of the oldest printed documents in the world is the Buddhist religious dharani sutra discovered in Xi'an in 1974 and estimated to date from 650 to 670. [269]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

The Intan Sutra was the first complete book to be widely printed; it was supplemented by illustrations and texts, and dates back to 868. [270] [271] In addition, one of the first documents printed was Buddhist texts as well as the calendars required to count and mark the day the good and neither. [272]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

With the large number of books scattered for readers, the literacy rate may increase, and the lower classes can acquire books that are cheap to study.


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

Therefore, there were more people from the lower classes who passed the civil servant entrance examination during the late Song Dynasty. [37] [273] [274] Although Bi Sheng's freelance letter printing in the 11th century was a new invention during the Song Dynasty, the wooden block printing was scattered during the time of the The Tang dynasty would remain the main printing method in China until printing from more advanced Europe came and spread in East Asia. [275]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

In the time of Dinati Tang, playing cards were played for the first time, and this was made possible with the presence of printing technology. [276]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

Medicine During the Tang Dynasty, there was an effort to classify all medicines used in Chinese pharmacology.


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

In 657, Emperor Gaozong of Tang (ruling 649—683) ordered the issuance of an official materia medica, complete with texts and illustrations for 833 medical substances extracted from stones, minerals, plants, herbs, animals, vegetables, fruits, and cereals. [277]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

In addition, the Tang government encouraged the study of medicine by establishing imperial medical colleges, holding state examinations for doctors, and creating forensic guides for physicians. [254]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

Some notable authors in medicine during the Tang Dynasty include Zhen Chuan (death 643) and Sun Simiao (581—682); Zhen Chuan was the first to discover that diabetic patients had a high sugar content in his art water, while Sun Simiao was the one who first discovered that diabetic patients had high sugar content in his art, while Sun Simiao was a person first to know that diabetic patients need to avoid alcohol and foods containing amylum. [278]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

Meanwhile, Zhen Chuan and other experts during the Tang Dynasty wrote that the thyroid glands of sheep and pigs could be used to deal with goiter disease; a new thyroid extract was used for goiter patients in the West after 1890. [279]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

Furthermore, the use of dental amalgam (which is made from tin and silver) was first introduced in the Xinxiu Bencao textbook of medicine written by Su Gong in 659. [280]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

Cartography During the Tang Dynasty, there were several advances in the science of cartography.


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

When the Tang chancellor Pei Ju (547—627) worked for the Sui Dynasty as Commercial Commissioner in 605, he created a grid map (checkerboard) with a scale based on the tradition of cartographer Pei Xiu (224—271). [283]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

The Tang chancellor Xu Jingzong (592—672) is also known for his China map drawn in 658. [284]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

In 785, under the orders of Emperor Dezong, cartographer and geographer Jia Dan (730—805) completed a map of China and its former colonies in Central Asia in 801. [284]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

The map is 9.1 m long and 10 m high, drawn with a grid scale of one inch to one hundred li (1:100). [284]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

A Chinese map dating back to 1137 also has a similar complexity to the Jia Dan map, and is carved on stone inscriptions with a grid scale of 100 li. [285] However, the only surviving map type from the Tang Dynasty is the star map.


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

Meanwhile, the first Chinese relief maps date back to the time of the Qin State in the 4th century; the maps were discovered in 1986. [286]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

Alchemy, gas cylinders, and air temperature regulators The Chinese people during the Tang Dynasty used complex chemical formulas for a wide variety of purposes, often through alchemy experiments.


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

One is waterproof and dust-proof cream or varnish for clothing and weapons, fireproof cement for glass and porcelain, waterproof cream for divers' silk clothing, cream for polishing bronze glass, and other formulas. [287]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

Porcelain ceramics themselves were created in China during the Tang Dynasty, although there had been a variety of glazed ceramics before. [141] [288] Since the Han Dynasty (202 BC — 220 AD), the Chinese have dug deep boreholes to transport natural gas from bamboo pipes to a furnace, and in such furnaces brine is boiled in a pot made of cast iron to extract salt. [289]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

During the Tang Dynasty, a warta from Sichuan province reported that in one of the 182m-deep 'fire wells', natural gas was fed into bamboo tubes; the canister can still produce fire after being carried for dozens of kilometers. [290]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

Essentially this tube was the first gas cylinder; Robert Temple assumes that it uses some kind of stopper. [290]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

An inventor from the Han Dynasty Ding Huan created an air temperature control fan that was manually driven and had seven wheels 3 m in diameter. [291]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

In 747, Emperor Xuanzong ordered the construction of a “Cold Hall” in the imperial palace; according to Tang Yulin's book ([林] error: {{lang}}: unrecognized language tag: zh-han (help)), the hall was equipped by a fan wheel driven by water to regulate the room temperature and shower water from the fountain. [292]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

According to written sources, the fan was used more widely during the Song Dynasty. [293]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

Historiography The first classic work regarding Tang was the Old Book of Tang by Liu Xu (887—946 AD) et al. of the Late Jin Dynasty.


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

This work was later edited into the New Book of Tang by Song Dynasty historians Ouyang Xiu (1007—1072) and Song Qi (998—1061) et al. between 1044 to 1060.


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

Both works are based on chronicles from earlier times that are now lost. [294]


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

Both are classified in the compilation Twenty-Four Histories of China.


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

One source of the Old Book of Tang that still survives today is the Tongdian presented by Du You to the emperor in 801.


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty period is also placed in a universal historical text entitled Zizhi Tongjian.


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

The text was edited, compiled, and completed in 1084 by a group of experts under the chairmanship of the Song Dynasty chancellor Sima Guang (1019—1086).


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

This historical text, containing 3 million Chinese characters and comprising 294 volumes, covers the history of China from the beginning of the Warring States Period (403 BC) to the beginning of the Song Dynasty (960).


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

See also List of Emperors of the Tang Dynasty Note Reference Works cited (hardback).


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (help) (paperback).


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199.


Question: In what year was Emperor Yang of Sui killed?

Tang Dynasty

Further reading Outside links at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on the University of Virginia website, from the Minneapolis Institute of Art


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The presence of the first railway in Indonesia began to be present since Planting Forced until now.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The nationalized company, Djawatan Kereta Api (DKA) was established after the independence of Indonesia, precisely on September 28, 1945 or about a month after the proclamation.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Below is the history of railways in Indonesia in the span of 1875-1925 and in sketch. [1]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Pre-independence The picture of the state of railways in Indonesia during the doeloe period needs to be preserved, so that future generations can live and how important railway development is.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Indeed in those days the name of the railway was appropriate, as trains were run by fire from burning coal or wood.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

While now it is used diesel or electric, so it is more appropriate if it is called a rail train, meaning a train running on the tracks with diesel or electricity.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Such information is extremely scarce.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

After Forced Planting was enacted by van den Bosch in 1825-1830, the idea of an Indonesian railway was put forward with the aim of transporting produce from the Forced Planting System.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

One supportive reason is that it is not optimal anymore use of highways in those days.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Finally, in 1840, Colonel J. H. R. Van der Wijck submitted a proposal for the construction of a railway line in the Dutch East Indies. [2]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The first railway in Indonesia was built in 1867 in Semarang on the Samarang - Liability route which is 26km by NISM, N.V. (Nederlands-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij) with a track width of 1,435mm (SS - Staatsspoorwegen track width is 1,067mm or now used), upon request King Willem I for military purposes in Semarang and produce to Gudang Semarang.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Then in serving the need for shipping produce from Indonesia, the Dutch Colonial Government since 1876 has built various railway networks, with estuaries at the port of Tanjung Priok Jakarta and Tanjung Perak Surabaya.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Semarang though strategic, but there is no port for goods, so goods are shipped to Batavia or Soerabaja.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The first construction [3] The presence of the railway in Indonesia began with the first summation of the construction of a railway road in the village of Kemijen, Friday, June 17, 1864, by the Governor General of the Dutch East Indies, Mr. L.A.J Baron Sloet van den Beele.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Development was initiated by the “Nederlands-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij” (NIS) led by Ir. J.P de Bordes from Kemijen towards the village of Bersusi (26 Km) with a width of 1435mm.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

This section of road was opened for public transport on Saturday, 10 August 1867.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

A private success, NIS built a KA road between Samarang-Kesusi Station, which later on February 10, 1870 could connect the city of Semarang - Surakarta (110 Km), eventually prompting investor interest to build KA roads in other areas.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

It is not surprising, that the growth in length of rail roads between 1864 - 1900 grew by leaps and bounds.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

If 1867 was only 25km, 1870 became 110km, 1880 reached 405km, 1890 became 1,427km and in 1900 it became 3,338km.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Developments outside Java [3] In addition to Java, the construction of train rail was also carried out in Aceh (1874), North Sumatra (1886), West Sumatra (1891), South Sumatra (1914), even in 1922 in Sulawesi also built a 47 km long KA road between Makasar-Takalar, whose operation was carried out on July 1, 1923, the rest of Ujungpandang-Maros has not had time to be completed.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

While in Kalimantan, although it has not had time to be built, the study of Pontianak - Sambas (220 Km) road has been completed.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Likewise in the islands of Bali and Lombok, there has also been a study of the construction of road KA.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Occupation of Japan [3] Until 1939, the length of the KA road in Indonesia reached 6,811km.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

However, in 1950 the length was reduced to 5,910km, approximately 901km raib, which was estimated because it was dismantled during the Japanese occupation and transported to Burma for the construction of the KA road there.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The type of rail road in Indonesia is distinguished by a width of 1,067mm; 750mm (in Aceh) and 600mm in some cross branches and city tram.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The rail road that was demolished during the Japanese occupation (1942 - 1943) was 473km long, while the KA road built during the Japanese occupation was 83km between Bayah - Cikara and 220km between Muaro - Pekanbaru.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Ironically, with the potent technology, the road KA Muaro - Pekanbaru programmed to complete construction for 15 months which work 27,500 people, 25,000 of whom are Romusha.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The road that crosses the swamps, hills, as well as the heavy river, swallows many victims whose tombs scattered along Muaro - Pekanbaru.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Rail network Development of the railway network 1875 - 1925 in 4 stages, namely: 1875 - 1888, 1889 - 1899, 1900 - 1913 1914 - 1925.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Network after 1875 to 1888 Construction Phase I occurred years 1876-1888.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The beginning of rail construction was 1876, in the form of the first network in the Dutch East Indies, between Bersusi and Warehouse in Semarang in 1876, 26km long.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

After that it began to be built cross Semarang - Gudang.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In 1880 was built cross Batavia (Jakarta) - Buitenzorg (Bogor) along 59km, then continued to Cicalengka via Cicurug - Sukabumi - Cibeber - Cianjur - Bandung.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In 1877 it was built cross Kediri - Blitar, and combined with cross Surabaya - Cilacap through Kertosono - Madiun - Solo, and also cross Jogya - Magelang.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Until 1888 the rail network was built were: Batavia - Buittenzorg - Sukabumi - Bandung - Cicalengka Batavia - Tanjung Priok and Batavia - Bekasi Cilacap - Kutoarjo - Yogya - Solo - Madiun - Sidoarjo - Surabaya Kertosono - Kediri - Blitar Sidoarjo - Malang and Bangil - Pasuruan - Probolinggo Solo - Purwodadi - Semarang and Semarang - Rembang Tegal - Balapulang Network after 1889 to 1899 until 1899 the rail network was built was: Djogdja - Tjilatjap Soerabaja - Pasoeroean - Malang Madioen - Solo Sidoardjo - Modjokerto Modjokerto - Kertosono Kertosono - Blitar Kertosono - Madioen - Solo Buitenzorg (Bogor) - Tjitjalengka Batavia - Rangkasbitung Bekasi - Krawang Cicalengka - Cibatu (Garut) - Tasikmalaya - Maos - Banjarnegara Cirebon - Semarang and Semarang - Blora Yogya - Magelang Blitar - Malang and Krian - Partly Madsurabaya Ura Network after year 1899 to 1913 until 1913 the rail network was built is: Rangkasbitung - Labuan and Rangkasbitung - Anyer Krawang - Cirebon and Cikampek - Bandung Pasuruan - Banyuwangi The entire network Madura Blora - Bojonegoro - Surabaya Network after 1913 to 1925 Until 1925 In 1925 the rail network was built are: Rest of Java Island Electrification Jatinegara - Tanjung Priok Electrification Batavia - Bogor: South Sumatra: Panjang - Palembang and West Sumatra: around Sawahlunto and Padang North Sumatra: Tanjung Balai - Medan - Pematangsiantar; and Medan - Belawan - Pangkalanmilk.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Sulawesi: Makassar - Takalar and Makassar plan - Maros - Sinkang North Sulawesi: Manado plan - Amurang Kalimantan: Banjarmasin - Amuntai plan; and Pontianak plan - Sambas.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

For Borneo and Sulawesi it was not carried out because it was just about to start building in 1941 and World War II erupted.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Station Construction Period The following list of major stations: Karanganyar Station - 1875 Jakarta Kota Station - inaugurated 1929 Tanjung Priok Station - 1914 Gambir Station (formerly Weltevreden) - 1914 Jatinegara Station (formerly Meester Cornelis) Manggarai Station - 1969 Pasar Senen Station - 1916 Cikampek - 1894 Bogor Station - 1881 Depok Station - 1881 Bandung Station - 1887 Yogyakarta Station - 1887 Solo Balapan Station - 1876 Semarang Tawang Station - 1873 Cirebon Station - 1920 Madiun Station - 1897 Purwokerto Station - 1922 Malang Station - 1941 Surabaya City Station - 1878 and renovation 1911 Surabaya Gubeng Station - 1913 Pasar Turi Station - 1938 Kertosono Station Electric railway network Batavia - Buitenzorg 1918 Bogor Station (Buitenzorg) was built in 1880 at the time of making cross Buitenzorg - Soekaboemi - Tjiandjoer - Tjitjalengka.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

But the electric train network only existed in Batavia (Jakarta) to Buitenzorg (Bogor) built in 1918, then in 1925 the power grid was also made to Meester Cornelis (Jatinegara) to Tandjoeng Priok.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Fleet Various steam locomotives in Indonesia In Indonesia there have been steam locomotives of various types, including: Type B Type BB Type C Type CC Type D Type DD Type F Some of the steam locomotives that have existed in Indonesia above (series B, C, BB, CC, DD, D and F) have been displayed at the Museum Ambarawa Railway and Taman Mini Indonesia Indah Transportation Museum.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Some of them are no longer known whereabouts because of the remaining photos alone. [4]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Train type 1876-1925 Passenger trains are a means of transporting passengers, while for transporting goods are called carriages while for transporting liquid goods are called kettles. [5] [6] Since ancient times, trains were made locally, with chassis and steel frame while the body was made of wood.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

At that time there was no air conditioning yet, so the train classes differentiated seat type and number of seats per train.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Class 1 has 3 seating per row, class 2 has 4 seating per row and class 3 has 5 seating per row.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

So each 3rd class train has 60-72 seats, while each 2nd class train has 24-32 seats and 1st class has 12 seats.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Usually class 1 and class 2 become one, while class 3 itself.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

However Grade 1, Grade 2, and Grade 3 are assembled in a single series.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Electric train and locomotive type 1925 In Jabodetabek, KRL began to be pioneered in 1925.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Initially, the train was pulled by electric locomotives, one of which is like ESS 3201 which is now still well maintained because it is preserved by the KAI Heritage Unit now. [7]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Post-independence period DKARI Power struggle After Indonesian independence was proclaimed on August 17, 1945, companies formerly owned by the Dutch did not necessarily fall into Indonesian hands.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Even news broke that the Dutch wanted that the company later called Djawatan Railways (DKA) became the first target that the Allies wanted to capture and then returned to Staatsspoorwegen (SS).


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In fact, the then Minister of Transportation, Abikoesno Tjokrosoejoso, actually agreed if DKA was returned to Dutch hands. [8]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

On 2 September 1945, the Indonesian Pemoeda Force (API) organized a meeting with a revolutionary group of DKA workers.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The meeting was held at Menteng Building 31, Jakarta.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

API, an Indonesian revolutionary organization, was led by Wikana, while the train workers present were led by Legiman Harjono.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The deal is to seize DKA.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

To carry out this, revolutionary personnel from the API were appointed in DKA to prepare a seizure action.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

At 23.00, a follow-up meeting was conducted at the office house of the head of Manggarai Station and presented the employees of DKA.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The deal was to seize the DKA station from Japanese hands. [8]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The next day, on 3 September 1945 at 09.30 to 12.00 DKA workers carried out the seizure action.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The seizure was carried out at stations in Jakarta.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In the end, Jatinegara and Manggarai stations were successfully captured by the workers, following later Gambir, Tanjung Priok, Pasar Senen, Jakarta Kota, and others.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

DKA offices, workshops, and locomotive dipo were successfully captured.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

At Jakarta Kota Station, there was a clashing action with Japanese soldiers.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

As soon as they finished the action, the labourers formed a “Labour Council” in the company and formed the “Railway Trade Union (SBKA)”. [8]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Meanwhile, KA employees who were members of the “Force Moeda Railways” (AMKA) also took over the power of the railway from the Japanese side.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

On October 14 to October 19, fighting broke out in the city of Semarang.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

This war actually erupted on October 15, but by October 14 the situation was already heating up.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

One of his objectives was to seize the Hoofdkantoor van de Nederlands-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (Lawang Sewu).


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Many AMKA figures fall in this battle.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The success of the labourers and youth was soon followed by other enterprises.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The laborers also formed several trade unions. [8]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The historic event that occurred on September 28, 1945, reading the statement of attitude by Ismangil and a number of other AMKA members, confirmed that from September 28, 1945 the power of the railway was in the hands of the Indonesian nation.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The Japanese are no longer allowed to intervene with the affairs of the railways in Indonesia.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

This is the foundation of the establishment of 28 September 1945 as Railway Day in Indonesia, as well as the formation of “Djawatan Kereta Api Republik Indonesia” (DKARI). [3]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Except DKARI there are also other separate operators, Kereta Soematra Oetara Negara Repoeblik Indonesia and Kereta Api Negara Repoeblik Indonesia, all of which operate in Sumatra.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In addition, there is also Verenigde Spoorwegbedrijf (VS) which was a combined twelve private railway operators during the Dutch East Indies. [9]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In the end, DKARI and Staatsspoorwegen en Verenigde Spoorwegbedrijf (SS/VS) were merged into one as Djawatan Kereta Api (DKA) [10] KLB 3 January 1946 When Jakarta fell into the hands of Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (NICA), the Indonesian capital moved to Yogyakarta.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

On January 3, 1946 at 18:00pm, the President of Indonesia, Soekarno and his family and a group of officials departed from the residence house on Jalan Pegangsaan Timur No. 56, bound for Manggarai station.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The passenger train series consists of eight carriages pulled locomotive C2849 EX-Staatsspoorwegen. [11] [12] The atmosphere during the journey was very tense.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

At Manggarai station, manoeuvres are carried out on freight carriages.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In order not to be suspicious, the entire lamp of the carriage was left pitch black.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In the end, on January 4, 1946 arrived in Yogyakarta City and in memory of him, the term Extraordinary Train (KLB) was introduced.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

At that time, the state capital moved to Yogyakarta. [12]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Dieselisation In 1953, there was the transfer of the era of steam locomotives to diesel locomotives in the Indonesian railway environment, known as dieselisation.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

At that time, CC200 locomotives were brought from Alco-GE (United States) to Indonesia.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The locomotive has two machinist's cab and a Co'2'Co' axle (three bogies of which both front and rear bogie have three drive axles, while one middle bogie has two idle axles) due to low axle load. [13]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In 1955, the CC200 became the mainstay for the Asian-African Conference troupe carrier train in Bandung City.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

This KLB departs from Jakarta to Bandung. [14]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Later, followed by several diesel electric and hydraulic locomotives, such as, BB200, BB300, and D300. [15]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

State company The name of DKA was changed to Perusahaan Negara Railways (PNKA) in 1963.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

PNKA later included other operators, such as Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij which was still independent so that the railways in Indonesia had only one operator. [16]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In this time, diesel-hydraulic locomotives became prevalent in these times.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Such as Bima Kunting, Kebo Yellow, C300, D301, BB301, and BB302.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Diesel electric locomotives include BB201, BB202 produced 1967.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

KA Bima On June 1, 1967 PNKA operated the Gambir-Surabaya Gubeng pp route Bima train. [17] This train used a series of blue carriages and was the first train with freon AC system in Indonesia.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

At the beginning of its operation, KA Bima followed the Bintang Sendja route.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

However, a few weeks later the route was changed past Purwokerto and Yogyakarta, until now.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

On September 15, 1971, the name of PNKA changed to Railway Jawatan Company (PJKA, Perjanka) during the 1970s to early 1990s decade. [16] PJKA was led by the Head of PJKA (Kaperjanka).


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

At this time, Indonesia's railways suffered setbacks.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

PJKA considers that a number of cross-branch railway lines actually do not bring profit economically.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In addition to the number of stowaways, damage to locomotives, and damage to railway infrastructure; competition with private cars and public transport has resulted in heavy losses for PJKA, so PJKA lost and forced to close the train lines following stations and all service. [18]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In 1981, PJKA was involved in the production of a film titled Last Railway produced by the State Film Production Center, and was the featured film of the time. [19]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The era of railway flagship locomotives In 1977-1978 and 1983, first and second generation CC201 and BB203 locomotives began to be imported from GE Transportation.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

CC201 was a highly reliable locomotive in those days because it experienced attracting all kinds of trains ranging from executives, business, and economy.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The PJKA performs the CC201 and BB203 grouping.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

CC201 is for heavy rail lines only, while BB203 is used for light rail.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The shape of the two locomotives was the same, but only the arrangement of the double was different.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In the Regional Division III of South Sumatra and Lampung, the first generation CC202 was imported in 1986.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

With the backdrop of the increasing need for coal transportation, this locomotive is quite pulling the Babaranjang train.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In addition, in Java imported locomotives BB302, BB303, BB304, BB305, and BB306.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In those days, diesel hydraulic locomotives in Java stoned local train services.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

On 6 October 1976 sometime after the closure of the Secang-Kedungjati railway line, the Ambarawa Railway Museum was established, occupying the former Willem I station in Ambarawa.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

This is where the historical end of a number of steam locomotives that ceased operation pulled the local railways.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Because, in the 1980s all steam locomotives were declared inoperative for commercial freight due to age factors.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In that time, PJKA continued to suffer losses due to losing competition with private cars, public transportation, and airplanes.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Therefore, the government issues annual subsidies.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

This subsidy is formatted for employee spending and reducing the burden of PJKA losses. [20]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The occurrence of the Bintaro Tragedy on 19 October 1987 was a tragic event that aggravated the poor image of PJKA as the only railway operator in Indonesia.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In this tragedy, hundreds of people were killed while the rest were injured.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Since that tragedy, the convenience of the railway is still in question.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Became a perum On January 2, 1991, PJKA transformed into a Railway General Company (Perumka).


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

At this time, losses such as those experienced by PJKA in a few years ago can be suppressed.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

All employees are still in the status of civil servants who are regulated individually and are allowed to seek profit.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

All changes on his fleet Zaman Perumka is commonly called the “blue red age” because all the commercially operated locomotive paint was changed to red and blue with the white Perumka logo in front and back, as well as under the machinist's cab glass just above his license plate.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In addition, the livery paint of all train classes was also changed, namely for executives painted pink-blue, business painted dark green-blue, economy painted dark red-blue, as well as luggage painted plain dark blue.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

All trains have a white stripe with a red Perumka logo.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

At this time, diesel-electric locomotives rejuvenated Indonesian railways since diesel hydraulic power is no longer enough to pull long trains.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In 1995 was born argo executive railway made by PT Inka Madiun, which was named Argo Bromo and Argo Gede.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

All executive trains are painted white grey with dark blue-blue stripes with the logo of PT KAI on the left and the Department of Transportation on the right.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In addition, it also imported CC203 from its factory, GE Transportation directly.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

These locomotives had a design that was aerodynamic.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

As a result of the presence of this argo train, business trains and part of Rheostatic KRL were also painted like the Argo train scheme in those days.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Business trains are painted yellow-white.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

While the Rheostatic KRL is painted white-dark green.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In 1997 appeared the Argo Bromo Orchid railway painted pink-white colour.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Meanwhile, the CC201 and economy train remain “comfortable” with its red-blue paint.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Finally, on June 1, 1999 Perumka officially changed to PT Kereta Api (Persero (PT KA).


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In the early 1990s and 2000s, PT KA retained red-blue paint on its locomotives, except for CC203.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In 2006 and above, CC201 and most other locomotives later changed paint such as CC203, which is white striped pink-blue dark blue.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Meanwhile, there was a change in the entire range of passenger trains ranging from executive, business, and economy, to what can be seen today.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

For heritage locomotives use PJKA livery.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

At this time, PT KA introduced a system of PSO (public service obligation), especially for economic railways. [20]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

These PSOs replaced the subsidy system previously implemented.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In 2007 was passed by Law No. 23 of 2007 which removed the monopoly carried out by PT KA.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Transformation and digitization The era of digitization of Indonesian railways has emerged since the 1980s. Digitization began to be pioneered during the launch of BB204 locomotive in the 1980s in West Sumatra.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Subsequently the CC204 was modified from the CC201 by adding a BrightStar Sirius computer so it could mitigate the damage 45 minutes before that malfunction occurred.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In addition, in 2006 to 2011, locomotives were made by basing the CC203 design by adding BrightStar Sirius computers at PT Inka resulting in the creation of CC204 batch II.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In the 2010s there have been many transformations in PT KA, more so when led by Ignasius Jonan.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In 2010 the name of PT KA changed to PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) (PT KAI).


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Community complaints with the absence of air conditioning on economy trains, then in 2010 appeared the non-PSO AC economy railway with the presence of the Bogowonto railway as its intimidation.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

On September 28, 2011, PT KAI's logo was changed.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Another transformation that lies in the ticking system.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Tickets that were originally only booked at the departure station, are now booked at convenience stores and ticket agencies.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Even more remarkably, there emerged a boarding pass system that required passengers to carry proof of self-identity.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In addition, the management of the station is now very good.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

All medium and long distance railways have been air-conditioned.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Locomotive digitization in Indonesia continues to progress since CC205 and CC206 were imported to strengthen PT KAI's current fleet.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Development and Maintenance As one of the models of mass transportation used by millions of people, the development of railways in Indonesia is not separated from the highlights and weaknesses.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Factors that are often of concern today are the still relatively high accident rate of both plummeting carriages, collisions between trains and trains, collisions between trains and other vehicles, the presence of flood/landslides and other problems often faced by Train users Fire.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The main cause of these problematics can be seen in the uneven means and maintenance of the rails resulting in various problems.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

In 2009, 255 people were victims of train accidents either injured or killed. [21]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

About 60% of train accidents occur at railway crossings, which generally do not have door bars even unguarded. [22]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

A total of 2,923 railway crossing gates spread across the island of Java, recorded around 1,192 unattended officers. [23]


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

It means that 40% of the crossing escaped the supervision of PT KAI who is fully responsible for ensuring the safety and safety of traffic as stated in Law No. 23 of 2007 article 31, article 32, article 33, article 34 and article 124 which have been passed by the legislature.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

The addition of new lines Since 2015, the government plans to improve the railway infrastructure in Indonesia by adding new lines, reactivating non-active lines and also creating double tracks, not only in the corridor of Java island, but also in other corridors such as Island Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua [24] [25].


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Following, the construction of the train network outside Java from the Strategic Program of Railways 2015-2019: Sumatra Island Corridor Inter-City/Trans Sumatra Railway Development: New Train Line Bireun-Lhokseumawe-Langsa-Besitang New Train Line Rantauprapat-Duri-Dumai Train Line New Pekanbaru Muaro New KA Line Pekabaru-Jambi-Palembang New KA Line Simpang-Tanjung Api Double track KA Prabumulih-Kertapati Double track KA Baturaja-Martapura Double track KA Muara Enim -Lahat Double track KA Cempaka-Tanjung Karang Double track KA Sukamenanti-Tarahan new KA Rejosari/KM3 -Bakauheni Reactivation of KA Line: Binjai-Besitang Padang Panjang-Bukit Tinggi-Payakumbuh Pariaman-Naras-Sungai Limau Muaro Kalaban-Muaro Urban Railway/Double Track/Electrification/New Line Access to Activities Center: Urban Medan (Double Line KA Medan-Araskabu-Kualanamu) Padang (Padang-bim and Padang-Pariaman) Batam (Batam Center-Hang Nadim Airport) Palembang (Monorail) Railway Development Airport Access: Kualanamu Airport, Medan (capacity increase) Minangkabau International Airport, Padang Hang Nadim Airport, Batam Sultan Mahmud Airport Badaruddin II Port Access Railway Development: Lhokseumawe Port Belawan Port Kualatanjung Port Port Dumai Port Tanjung Api Port Long Port Bakauheni Port Corridor Kalimantan Island Construction Special Train/Coal/Port Access (KPS Scheme): Muara Wahau-Muara Bengalon Murung Raya-kutai West-Paser-Panajam Paser North-Balikpapan Puruk Cahu-Mangkatib Inter-City/Trans Kalimantan Railway Development: Tanjung-Paringin-Barabai-Barabai-Rantau-Martapura-Banjarmasin New Train Line Balikpapan-Samarinda New KA Line Banjarmasin-Palangkaraya New Train Line Palangkaraya -Sangau-Pontianak State Limits Samarinda-Sangata-Tanjung Redep-State Limits Railway Development Airport Access: Syamsuddin Noor Airport Corridor Sulawesi Island Corridor Inter-City/Trans Sulawesi Railway Development: Manado- Bitung New KA Line Bitung-Gorontalo-Isimu New KA Line Pare Pare-Mamuju New KA Line Makassar-Pare Pare New KA Line Makassar-Sayhminasa-Takalar-Bulukumba-Watampone New KA Line Mamuju-Palu-Isimu Urban Railway Development: Urban Makassar and surrounding Urban Manado Construction of Airport/Port Access Railway: Sultan Hasanuddin Airport Garonggong Port, Port New Makassar Port Bitung Corridor Papua Island Construction of a new train line in Papua is planned one, namely for Sorong-Manokwari line.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Poster Gallery summary of 150 years history of Indonesian railways.


Question: where was the first railway made?

History of railways in Indonesia

Reference See also List of railway accidents in Indonesia Train schedules in Indonesia Train Indonesia List of trains in Indonesia Railway numbering systems in Indonesia Train tracks are off in Indonesia Outside links (in Indonesian) Category:History of Indonesia


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

The PlayStation 2 (abbreviated PS2) (Japanese: ドレイステーシン2) is the second video game console issued by Sony after the PlayStation.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Its development was first announced in April 1999 and launched to market first on March 4, 2000 in Japan.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

As for in the United States, the console was first marketed on October 26, 2000.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

In the first year of circulation of the PlayStation 2, the console experienced unsurprising sales than the PlayStation console, but over time the console managed to reach the market with record sales of 90 million units. [6]


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Technical specifications The technical specifications of the PlayStation 2 console are as follows.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

CPU: 64-bit [3] [4] “Emotion Engine” is clocked at 294.912 MHz (299MHz on newer versions), with 10.5 million transistors Memory: 32 MB direct rambus or RDRAM (certain desktop computers can also use this type of memory).


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Memory bandwidth: 3.2 GB per second.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Main processor: MIPS R5900, 64-bit architecture CPU core.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Helper processor: FPU (1 Floating Point Multiply Accumulator, 1 Floating Point Divider).


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Unit vector: VU0 and VU1 (9 Floating Point Multiply Accumulator, 1 Floating Point Divider), 128-bit.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Floating point power: 6.2 GFLOPS (single-precision 32-bit floating point).


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

3D CG geometric transformation: 66 million polygons per second (1).


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Incompressible image decoder: MPEG-2.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

I/O processor interconnection: Connection with remote via serial connection, DMA controller to move bulk.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Memory cache: 16 KB command, 8 KB+16 KB data (SCRP).


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Graphics: 147 MHz speed chart alignment.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

DRAM bus bandwidth: 47 GB per second.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

DRAM bus width: 2.560-bit (combined three standalone buses: 1,024-bit for writing, 1,024-bit for reading, 512-bit for read/write).


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Pixel Settings: Buffer RGB:Alpha:Z (24:8, 15:1 for RGB, Z buffer 16, 24, or 32-bit).


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Maximum number of polygons: 75 million polygons per second (1).


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Direct connection to: main CPU and VU1.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Sound: SPU1 and SPU2 (SPU1 is tantamount to CPU).


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Lots of noise: 48-channel ADPCM hardware on SPU2 plus software channels.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Frequency limitation: 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz (selectable).


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Processor I/O CPU core: PlayStation original CPU (MIPS R3000A speed of 33.8688 MHz or 37.5 MHz).


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Separate bus: 32-Bit.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Connection to: SPU and CD/DVD controller.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Exterior: 2 PlayStation video game control tool connections (250kHz for PS1 and 500kHz for PS2), 2 memory card slots using MagicGate encryption system (250kHz for PS1 card, reaching 1-2MHz for PS2 card), drive holder (DEV9 or PCMCIA on early version consoles), mount for network adapter, modem and hard drive, 2 FireWire (IEEE 1394), 2 infra-red remote control connections, and 2 USB 1.1 connections with an OHCI-compliant controller.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Media: DVD-ROM (also compatible with CD-ROM) with copyright protection, with a capacity of 4.7-8.5 GB.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

References See also List of PlayStation 2 Games Console PlayStation 3 PlayStation Portable Outlink Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When did the Multiply site first release?

PlayStation 2

Category:PlayStation Category:Game consoles


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

LangitMusik is a service to download and stream songs legally, without data charges (Telkomsel customers only) and unlimited through websites, WAP, mobile applications (Android, iOS) and desktop applications.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

Awesome achievement, as of February 1, 2017, ANDROID Apps have already surpassed 1 million downloads.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

By activating SkyMusic, customers can freely download and stream all songs in the SkyMusic catalog with a collection of over 6,000,000 (six million) local and international songs.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

The songs contained in the skyMusic have dolby digital sound quality. [1]


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

LangitMusik history is a service that is the result of Telkomsel's cooperation with PT.Melon Indonesia.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

MelOn Indonesia is a joint company between parent company Telkom Indonesia (Telkom Group) and Korean telecommunications company, SK Telecom.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

But since December 2016, ownership of SK Telecom passed to Telkom Group, so since then MELON is a national company owned by state-owned Telkom Group.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

That is, LangitMusik is already 100% owned by Indonesia.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

SkyMusik launched on January 18, 2010 and became a pioneer of music portals that are legal and reduce piracy of music works.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

In just a matter of months, LangitMusik managed to earn Rp150 million per month with 40,000 songs downloaded each month. [2]


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

Until now LangitMusik and MelOn are the biggest players in Indonesia's online music industry. [3]


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

LangitMusik held its grand launch on March 12, 2010 at the Rolling Stones, Jakarta, with a concert titled “Rock It Out!”.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

The concert is a buzz from LangitMusik because the concert is a free concert and only uses a special Access Card as a free pass.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

To celebrate its first anniversary, LangitMusik held a free concert titled “Feast 1 Year LangitMusik” held at Epicentrum Walk Kuningan, Jakarta, on 19 March 2011.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

LangitMusik birthday concert is held as a form of appreciation for music lovers who buy songs legally through SkyMusik.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

This concert can be called Private Party because it is packed exclusively, this concert is addressed to those who really support the development of Indonesian music and participate in fighting piracy.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

How to get invitation to this concert event is simply by making a simple registration on Facebook, and then redeem it for an Access Card. This is the specialty of concerts a la Langit Musik.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

There are 20 Skymusic musicians including Endah N Rhesa, White Shoes and The Couples Company, Calvin Jeremy, The Trees and The Wild, The Milo, Pure Saturday and Drew. [4]


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

From the names of musicians who perform it is arguably LangitMusik is very supportive of the progress of indie musicians in Indonesia.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

SkyMusic users Anybody can access the SkyMusic site and app, and hear streamed all their song collections, but it's limited to just one minute.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

To enjoy all LangitMusik services, users are required to have a Telkomsel number (kartuHalo, simPATI, and Kartu As) and sign up/login first.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

There are two packages offered namely: 1.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

SkyMusik Basic, where subscribers can enjoy SkyMusic for free (no subscription fee), but subscribers cannot download songs and can only stream Content via Android.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

SkyMusik Premium, where customers can enjoy the entire SkyMusic service starting from full track streaming and unlimited downloads.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

The SkyMusical team said that they currently have 400,000 monthly active users, but they did not disclose the number of active users subscribing to the premium service. [5]


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

Subscription Rate LangitMusik Basic subscription rate is Rp0/30 days while for LangitMusik Premium is Rp 22.000/30 days or Rp 7.700, -/week (including 10% VAT).


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

Charges taken by means of customer credit reduction or for postpaid users will be added to the monthly bill.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

According to SkyMusik, this cost includes downloading and streaming songs, so it does not reduce the existing quota.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

Features In addition to providing services for streaming and downloading, SkyMusik also has various features inside the site or application such as FB Connect, Twitter Connect, recently added (all song), top song chart, top download chart, most played, playlist, shared playlist, single sign-on, purchase rbt, dolby quality, lyric, user profile, auto login, download history.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

Not all features are fully available on certain platforms.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

The web portal www.langitmusik.com has information about music catalogs, selected song recommendations, top charts list, twitter feed, music community, latest news about music (music artists and events), top downloaded and new release songs, as well as search engines to search for songs to be downloaded.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

In addition to various information about music, website users can also read full profiles of selected artists in detail through the 'bio' feature.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

Users can also create a list of favorite selected songs with different themes each week.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

There are also the latest news in the music world that customers can read.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

SkyMusik is also active on its social media on the Twitter account @LangitMusik616 and Facebook account to present the latest news in the music world and interact with users.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

Compatible gadgets To use the SkyMusic service, users must use compatible gadgets and active Internet data services.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

For Computer Browser, Notebook or Netbook with Microsoft Windows operating system.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

Safari browser users only, users must first download and install the Adobe Flash Player application.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

To use WAP, you can use all phones that are already compatible for WAP Browser.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

Use with Android phones, can be used on Android phones that have Android 1.6 (Donut) operating system up to 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich).


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

Use with BlackBerry, can be used on BlackBerry phones with OS 5, 6, and 7.0 and subscribe to BlackBerry Internet Service Unlimited, Extreme & BES monthly.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

In addition, SkyMusic is also available on iOS.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

From the choice of gadgets, SkyMusic is most convenient available to Android users (Release October 31, 2016), because it is very indulgent in the search for high-quality music.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

What about iOS? although it hasn't used the new look yet, but its sound quality is maintained.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

Subscribe to NSP Through the SkyitMusik website, users can also purchase NSP (Private Connect Tone) by selecting the desired song and then entering the mobile number and token.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

The way to get a token is to type *323#.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

Original Music To Support Indonesia Music Industry Users of LangitMusic directly help reduce music piracy in Indonesia because by using this service users can stream and downloading from original music sources legally.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

Music downloaded from the SkyMusic app cannot be played using the music player app other than the SkyMusic app itself.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

This is because every downloaded song has a .DCF format.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

The format is an audio format that has copy-protection.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

Where in embedded Digital Rights Management (DRM), this DRM will constrain the file to be copied or changed, thus preventing piracy. [6]


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

By subscribing to LangitMusik Premium and activating NSP, customers are helping the music industry in Indonesia.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

LangitMusik collaborates with more than 70 record label partners and content providers, providing more than 15,000 full tracks of domestic songs from various music genres, such as: pop, rock, dangdut, and so on.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

Through its SkyMusik service, Telkomsel is committed to support the development and progress of the creative industries, including: artists, record labels, content providers, and others.


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

This effort represents Telkomsel's participation in protecting the music industry from piracy of intellectual property rights. [7] —


Question: Where can the SkyMusic app be downloaded?

Langitmusics

Devi A. Susanty (Talk) October 2, 2014 16:31 (UTC) Outside Links Category:Streaming Category:Music Websites


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton FRSPRS (25 December 1642— 20 March 1726/27 [1]) was a physicist, mathematician, astronomist, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian originally from England.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

He was a follower of the heliocentric stream and a very influential scientist throughout history, even said to be the father of classical physical science. [6]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

His book work Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica published in 1687 is considered the most influential book throughout the history of science.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

The book lays the foundations of classical mechanics.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In this work, Newton lays out the laws of gravity and the three laws of motion that dominated science's view regarding the universe for three centuries.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton managed to show that the motion of objects on Earth and other extraterrestrial objects is governed by the same set of natural laws.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

He proved it by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravity.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

This work eventually cemented scientists' doubts of heliocentrism and advanced the scientific revolution.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In mechanics, Newton decried the principle of immutability of momentum and angular momentum.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In the field of optics, he managed to build the first reflecting telescope [7] and developed a color theory based on the observation that a prism glass would divide white light into other colors.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

He also formulated the laws of cooling and studied the speed of sound.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In the field of mathematics anyway, together with the work of Gottfried Leibniz done separately, Newton developed differential calculus and integral calculus.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

He also successfully lays out binomial theory, develops the “Newton method” for performing an approximation to the zero value of a function, and contributing to the study of rank series.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Until now, Newton is still very influential among scientists.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

A 2005 survey questioning scientists and the general public at the Royal Society as to who made a greater contribution to science, whether Newton or Albert Einstein, showed that Newton was thought to have made a greater contribution. [8]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Early-time biographer Isaac Newton was born on 4 January 1643 [KJ: 25 December 1642] in Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, a hamlet (village) in the county of Lincolnshire.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

At the time of his birth, England was still adopting the Julian calendar, so the day of his birth is recorded as 25 December 1642 on Christmas.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

His father who was also named Isaac Newton died three months before Newton's birth.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton was born prematurely; it is also reported that his mother, Hannah Ayscough, once said that he could fit into a cup (≈ 1.1 liters).


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

When Newton was three years old, his mother re-married and left Newton under the care of his grandmother, Margery Ayscough.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

The young Newton disliked his stepfather and harbored resentment towards his mother for marrying the man, as revealed in his confession of sin: “Threatening my father and mother Smith to burn them and the house over them. “[9]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Based on the statements of E. T. Bell (1937, Simon and Schuster) and H. Eves: “Newton started school while living with his grandmother in the village and was then sent to a language school in the Grantham area where he eventually became the cleverest child in his school.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

While attending school in Grantham he lived in a boarding house owned by a local pharmacist named William Clarke.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Before passing on to college at Cambridge University at 19, Newton briefly struck up love with William Clarke's adoptive sister, Anne Storer.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

As Newton focuses himself on lessons, his love story with becomes increasingly erratic and eventually Storer marries someone else.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Many allege that he, Newton, always reminisces about his love story although henceforth it is never mentioned Newton had a lover and was even married.”


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

From the age of 12 to 17, Newton attended education at The King's School located in Grantham (his signature is still in the school library).


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

His family removed Newton from school on the grounds for him to become a farmer only, however Newton disliked his new job [10].


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

The headmaster of King's School then convinces his mother to send Newton back to school so he can fine-tune his education.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton can finish school at the age of 18 with satisfactory grades.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In June 1661, Newton was admitted to Trinity College of the University of Cambridge as a sizar (student who studied while working). [11]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

At the time, the teachings of the university were based on the teachings of Aristotle, but Newton preferred to read the ideas of more advanced modern philosophers such as Descartes and astronomers such as Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In 1665, he discovered the general binomial theorem and began developing a mathematical theory that ultimately evolved into calculus.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Soon after Newton gained his degree in August 1665, Cambridge University was closed by due to the existence of the Great Plague.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Although his studies at Cambridge were unremarkable, private studies he conducted at his home in Woolsthorpe for two years encouraged him to develop the theories of calculus, optics, and the laws of gravity.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In 1667, he returned to Cambridge as a lecturer at Trinity. [12]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Math Adulthood Most historians believe that Newton and Leibniz developed calculus separately.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Both also use different mathematical notation as well.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

According to Newton's close friends, Newton had completed his work many years before Leibniz, but did not publish it until 1693.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

He only explained it in full in 1704, when in 1684, Leibniz had already begun to publish a full explanation of his work.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Leibniz's notation and “differential method” were universally adopted in Mainland Europe, whereas the Kingdom of Great Britain only adopted it after 1820.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In Leibniz's notebook, there can be systematic ideas that show how Leibniz developed his calculus from beginning to end, when in Newton's notes can only be found the final result.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton claimed that he was reluctant to publish his calculus for fear of being laughed at.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton also had a close relationship with the Swiss mathematician Nicolas Fatio de Duillier.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In 1691, Duillier planned to prepare a new version of Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica book, but never completed it.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In 1693 also the relationship between the two became not as close as before.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

At the same time, Duillier exchanged letters with Leibniz. [13]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In 1699, members of the Royal Society began to accuse Leibniz of plagiarizing Newton's works.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

This dispute culminated in 1711.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

The Royal Society then in a study decided that Newton was the real inventor and branded Leibniz as a plagiarist.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

This review was later doubted because thereafter it was discovered that it was Newton himself who wrote the final word of the conclusion of this review report.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Since then began a fierce dispute between Newton and Leibniz.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

This dispute ended as Leibniz's legacy in 1716. [14]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton is generally recognized as the inventor of the generalized binomial theorem that applies to all exponents.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

He also discovered Newton's identity, Newton's method, classifying cubic plane curves, made substantial contributions to the theory of finite difference, and was the first to use fractional rank as well as apply coordinate geometry to derive the completion of equations Diophantus.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

He was chosen to occupy the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in 1669.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

At that time, the Cambridge teacher or Oxford teacher must be an ordained Anglican priest.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

However, the position of Lucasian professor requires that his officers not be active in the church.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Therefore, Newton argued that he should be exempt from the necessity of ordination.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

King Charles II accepted this argument and gave assent, so that conflict between Newton's religious views and that of the Anglican church could be avoided. [15]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Optics From 1670 to 1672, Newton taught the field of optics.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

During this period, he investigated light refraction, showing that prism glass could divide white light into various color spectra, and lenses and prisms would both recombine those lights into white light. [17]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

He also showed that colored light does not change its properties by separating colored beams and highlighting them to various objects.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton noted that no matter whether the beam of light is reflected, dissipated or transmitted, the color of the beam of light does not change.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

He thus observed that color is the interaction of objects with already-colored light, and objects do not create color themselves.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

This became known as Newton's theory of color [18] From this effort he concluded that the lens of a refractive telescope would be impaired due to the dispersion of light into various colors (chromatic aberration).


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

As a proof of concept of this he built a telescope using mirrors as objectives to outsmart the problem. . [


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

19] The work of this design, the first known functional reflection telescope, now referred to as the Newton telescope [19] involves solving the problem of how to find suitable mirror materials as well as their formation techniques.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton rubbed his own cerminny from a special composition of highly reflective speculum metal, using Newton's ring to assess the optical quality of his telescope.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In late 1668 [[20] he succeeded in producing his first reflecting telescope.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In 1671 the Royal Society requested a demonstration of its reflective telescope. [21]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Their interest prompted him to publish his record, On Colour (About Colour), which he later developed into Opticks.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

When Robert Hooke criticized some of Newton's ideas, he was so offended that he withdrew from before the public.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton and Hooke communicated briefly in 1679-1680, when Hooke, who was appointed to manage the correspondence of the Royal Society, wrote a letter intended to obtain a donation from Newton for the publishing of the Royal Society, [22], which encouraged Newton to complete the proof that the orbit planetary ellipses are the result of a centripetal force inversely proportional to the square of the radii vector (see Newton's law of gravity) and De motu corporum in gyrum).


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

But the relationship of the two scientists generally remained poor until the time of Hooke's death. [23]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton argued that light consists of particles or corpuscles, which are refracted by acceleration into a more tightly packed medium.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

He leaned towards sound wave-like theory to illuminate repeated patterns of reflection and transmission by thin films (Opticks Bk.II, Props. 12), but still maintained the theory of 'fits' that determined whether corpuscles were reflected or passed on.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Physicists then preferred pure wave theory to light to explain interference patterns, and general phenomena of diffraction.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Quantum mechanics, photons, and wave-particle dualism today bear only a slight resemblance to Newton's understanding of light.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In his Hypothesis of Light published in 1675, Newton postulated the existence of ethers to conduct interparticle forces.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Contact with Henry More, a theosophist, aroused his interest in alchemy.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

He replaced the ether with an occult force based on hermetic notions of tensile and reject forces between particles.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

John Maynard Keynes, who obtained much of Newton's writings on alchemy, stated that “Newton was not the first man of the Ages of Enlightenment (Age of Reason): he was the last sorcerer. “[24]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton's interest in alchemy is inseparable from his contribution to science; but it seems that he did abandon his alchemical research.. [25] (


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

This is when there is no clear distinction between alchemy and science).


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

If only he hadn't relied on the occult idea of action at a distance, in a vacuum, he probably wouldn't have developed his theory of gravity.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

(See also Isaac Newton's study of occult sciences).


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In 1704 Newton published Opticks, which outlined in detail the corpuscular theory of light.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

He considered light to be made of very fine particles (corpuscles), that ordinary matter was composed of coarser particles, and speculated that through a kind of alchemical transmutation “is it possible that coarse objects and light can change from one form to another,... and is it possible that objects receive their activity from light particles entering their composition?”


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

(“Are not gross Bodies and Light convertible into one another,... and may not Bodies receive much of their Activity from the Particles of Light which enter their Composition?”


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

([26] Newton also constructed a primitive form of a friction electrostatic generator, using glass bulbs (Optics, 8th Query).


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In the article entitled “Newton, the prisms and the 'opticks' of tunable lasers [27] it is indicated that Newton in his book Opticks was the first to show a diagram of the use of prisms as expanders of light beams.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In the same book he examines, through diagrams, the use of multiple prism arrays.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

About 278 years after the discussion by Newton, multiple prism expanders became a staple of the development of narrow-width lasers.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

The use of beam expansion prisms resulted in the development of the theory of multiple prism dispersion. [27]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Mechanics and gravity In 1679 Newton again worked on the mechanics of celestial bodies, namely gravity and its effects on the orbits of the planets, with Reference to Kepler's laws of planetary motion.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

This was stimulated by a brief exchange of letters in the time of 1679-80 with Hooke, who had been appointed to manage the correspondence of the Royal Society, and opening correspondence intended to solicit donations from Newton towards the Royal Society's scientific journals. [22]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

The rise again of Newton's interest in astronomy gained further stimulation with the appearance of comets in the winter of 1680-1681, which he discussed in correspondence with John Flamsteed. [28]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

After discussions with Hooke, Newton created evidence that the elliptical shape of a planet's orbit would be derived from a centripetal force inversely proportional to the square of the radii vector.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton sent the fruits of this work to Edmond Halley and to the Royal Society in De motu corporum in gyrum, a treatise written in 9 pages which was copied into the registerbook of the Royal Society in December 1684 [29] This treatise formed the crux of the argument which would later be developed in Principia.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

The Principia was published on 5 July 1687 with the support and financial assistance of Edmond Halley.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In this work Newton states Newton's laws of motion that enabled much of the progress in the Industrial revolution that later occurred.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

This law was not revised again in more than 200 years later, and is still the foundation of the non-relativistic technology of the modern world.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

He used the Latin word gravitas (weight) for an effect later named as gravity, and defined the law of universal gravitation.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In the same work, Newton presented a method of geometry analysis similar to calculus, with 'first and last' nisbah, and determined an analysis to determine (based on Boyle's law) the rate of sound in air, determining the completeness of the shape of the spheroid of the Earth, taking into account the precession of the equinoxes as a result of the gravitational pull of the moon on the completeness of the Earth, initiated the study of gravitational irregularity of the Moon's motion, provided a theory of determining the orbit of comets, and much more.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton clarified his heliocentric view of the solar system, developed in a more modern form, because by the mid-1680s he already recognized the Sun was not precisely at the center of gravity of the solar system [30] For Newton, the central point of the Sun or any other celestial body could not is considered to be silent, but it should be “the point of the center of gravity together with the Earth, the Sun and the Planets that should be referred to as the Center of the World”, and this center of gravity is “silent or moving regularly in a straight line”.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton adopted the alternative view of “motionless” with regard to the common view that the center, wherever it is, is motionless. [31]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton's postulate of action-at-other-unseen distances caused itself to be criticized for introducing “occult intermediaries” into science. [32]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In the second edition of the Principia (1713) Newton firmly rejected the criticism in the General Scholium passage at the end of the book.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

He writes that it is enough to conclude that the phenomenon implies a gravitational pull, but that it does not show why.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

It is not necessary and not worth formulating hypotheses of things that are not implied by that phenomenon.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Here Newton used his then famous phrase, Hypotheses non fingo.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Thanks to the Principia, Newton was recognized internationally [33] He gained a circle of admirers, including the Swiss-born mathematician Nicolas Fatio de Duillier, who established an intense relationship with him until 1693, when the relationship abruptly ended.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

At the same time Newton suffered from a nervous breakdown. [34]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Old age In the 1690s decade, Newton wrote a number of religious treatises discussing the literal interpretation of the Bible.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Henry More's beliefs about the Universe and rejection of Cartesian dualism may have influenced Newton's religious ideas.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

The manuscript he sent to John Locke containing a rebuttal to the existence of the Trinity was never published.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

His eventual works, The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended (1728) and Observations Upon the Prophecies of Daniel and the Apocalypse of St. John (1733) were published after his death.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

He also devoted considerable time to the study of alchemy.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton was a member of the Parliament of England from 1689 to 1690, and in 1701.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

But according to some reports his comments in parliament were merely complaints about the flow of cold air in the chamber and a demand that the windows be closed. [36]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton moved to London to take up the position of superintendent of the Royal Metal Money Printing (Royal Mint) in 1696, a position he gained thanks to the support of Charles Montagu, First Earl of Halifax, who at the time was Chancellor of the Exchequer.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

He was responsible for the reprinting of British metal money, a task that actually overlapped with that of Lord Lucas, Governor of the Tower of London.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

He also gained the job of deputy temporary branch superintendent of Chester for Edmond Halley.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton became the most famous Master of Metal Money Printing (Master of Mint) after the death of Thomas Neale in 1699, a position he remained in command until the end of his life.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

This appointment was actually intended as light work, but Newton treated it as a serious duty, and retired from his obligations at Cambridge in 1701, and moved his powers to reform the coinage and punish counterfeiters and metal money-cutters.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

As Master of the Metal Money Printing in 1717 Newton transferred the Pound Sterling standard to the silver standard from the gold standard, by determining a bimetallic relationship between gold coins and silver coins that benefited gold coins.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

This caused serling silver coins to be melted down and shipped outside Britain.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton was appointed President of the Royal Society in 1703 and became a fellow of the French Academy of Sciences (Académie des Sciences).


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

On his standing at the Royal Society, Newton became hostile to John Flamsteed, the Royal Astronomer, by prematurely publishing Flamsteed's work, the Historia Coelestis Britannica, which had been used by Newton in his studies. [37]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

In April 1705 Queen Anne elevated Newton as a Knight on a visit to Trinity College, Cambridge.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

This appointment was likely prompted by political calculations in connection with the Parliamentary election in May 1705, rather than recognition of Newton's scholarly works or his services as Master of Metal Money Printing.. [38]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton was the second scientist to be appointed a knight, after Francis Bacon.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Nearing the end of his life, Newton resided at Cranbury Park, near Winchester with the victors of her woman and husband, until his death in 1727. [39]


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton died in his sleep in London on 31 March and was grounded in Westminster Abbey.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Her triumphant Catherine Barton Conduitt, [40] acted as host at moments of social affairs in her grove on Jermyn Street in London.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

He was his “very compassionate uncle," [41] according to Newton's letter to Catherine Barton at the time of his victory it was recuperating from smallpox disease.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Newton who remained single had divested most of his property to his relatives in his last years, and died without leaving an inheritance.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

After his death, Newton's body was found to contain a large amount of mercury, possibly as a result of his alchemical studies.


Question: When was the science of geometry invented?

Isaac Newton

Mercury poisoning may explain Newton's eccentricity at the end of his life. [42]