Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1935, the employee magazine Think was published and in the same year IBM held the first professional systems service training class for women.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1942, IBM launched a program to train and employ people with disabilities in Topeka, Kansas.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

The following year, classes were held in New York City and shortly thereafter IBM was asked to join the President's Committee for Employment of the Handicapped.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1946, the company hired its first black salesperson, 18 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was enacted by the United States government.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1947, IBM announced the Total and Permanent Disability Income Plan for employees.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1952, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., publicized an equal opportunity policy, one year before the U. S. Supreme Court created the Civil Rights Act of 1964.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1961, IBM's non-schirimination policy expanded to include gender, nationality, and age.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

The following year, IBM hosted an Invention Award Dinner as a tribute to 34 inventors at IBM.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

On September 21, 1953, Thomas Watson, Jr., president when it was, sent a controversial letter to all IBM employees stating that IBM should hire its best employees without looking at race, ethnicity, or gender.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

One attempt to execute this policy was to emphasize that IBM would not build the “equivalent-hoween-segregated” workplaces that were prevalent at the time. [15]


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1984, IBM added sexual orientation to its nondiscrimination policy.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

This policy is believed to strengthen IBM's competitive advantage because IBM will be able to hire qualified talents rejected by competitors due to race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation. [16]


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 2004, IBM was the only technology company to be ranked in the top 10 in Working Mother magazine.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

On October 10, 2005, IBM became the first major company to formally commit not to use genetic information in determining employment status.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

This decision was made shortly after IBM began working with the National Geographic Society on the Genographic Project.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

Dark-colored (or gray) suits and ties became the mandatory uniform of IBM employees in the 20th century.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

But along with the transformation of management in the 1990s, CEO Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. loosened these rules and freed his employees from wearing business casual clothing. [17]


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

On June 16, 2011, as part of its 100th anniversary, IBM launched IBM100, a program to fund its employees in voluntary projects. [18]


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

Research and discovery In 1945, The Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory was established at Columbia University, New York.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

This facility is used for pure science, and was the beginning of IBM's research division which now operates and manages IBM research facilities around the world.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

IBM was also one of the key movers of the Open Source Initiative, and began supporting Linux in 1998. [19]


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

The company invested billions of dollars in the development of Linux-based software and services through IBM Linux Technology Center, including 300 Linux kernel developers [20] IBM also launched a lot of code in the form of open source licenses, such as device frameworks Eclipse software [21] Famous inventions produced by IBM scientists include: Automated teller machine (ATM) Floppy disk Hard disk drive Electronic keypunch Magnetic stripe card Virtual machine Scanning tunneling microscope Reduced instruction set computing Relational database Universal Product Code (UPC) SABRE airline reservation system Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) Watson artificial intelligence IBM in Indonesia IBM operates in Indonesia since 1937 under the name Watson Bedriffsmachine Java NV.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

The first engine sold was a data processing machine purchased by Staat Spoorwagens - a government-owned train company in Bandung - at the beginning of the computerization era in Indonesia. [22]


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1953, Watson Java NV changed its name to IBM Indonesia Ltd, NV. [22]


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

With the acquisition of Price Waterhouse Consulting and the establishment of IBM Global Business Services in 2002, IBM Indonesia formed PT IBM Jasa Teknologi Informasi in 2003 which focused on information technology services.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

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Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

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Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

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Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

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Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

Category:Company United States Category:Companies founded in 1911 Category:Hardware companies


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

This element was first discovered and isolated by the Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Although Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Henry Cavendish separately had done the same thing across the same time range anyway, Rutherford was generally appropriate to receive the award because his work was first published.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The name nitrogen was proposed by Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal in 1790, when he discovered that nitrogen was present in nitric and nitric acid; this name is derived from Greek: ντρον “nitre” and -γεννν “forming”.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Antoine Lavoisier instead proposed the name azote, from Greek άωτικός “unliving”, because that element includes asphyxic gas; Lavoisier's proposed name is instead used in many languages, such as French, Russian, and Turkish, and appears in two English names for several nitrogen compounds such as hydrazine, azide and azo.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is the mildest member of class 15 of the periodic table, often called pnictogen.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The name comes from the Yuniani πνίγειν “choking”, referring directly to the asphyxiating properties of nitrogen.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a common element within the universe, estimated to be on the 7th order of total abundance within the Milky Way galaxy and Solar System.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of this element bind to form dinitrogen, a colorless, odorless diatomic gas, with the chemical formula N2.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Dinitrogen makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere, making it the most abundant self-sustaining element.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is present in all organisms, especially in amino acids (as well as proteins of course), in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) as well as in the energy-shifting molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The human body contains about 3% nitrogen (by mass), and is the 4th most abundant element in the body after oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The nitrogen cycle explains the movement of elements from the air, entering the biosphere and organic compounds, then back into the atmosphere.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Many compounds important to industry, such as ammonia, nitric acid, organic nitrates (propellants and explosives), as well as cyanide, contain nitrogen.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

A very strong triple bond in elementary nitrogen (NN), the second strongest bond in a diatomic molecule after carbon monoxide (CO), [1] dominates nitrogen chemistry.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

This causes difficulties for both organisms and industries in converting N2 into beneficial compounds, but at the same time, burning, detonating, or decomposing nitrogen compounds to form nitrogen gas will release large amounts of energy that is often bemanfaat.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Ammonia and synthetic nitrates are the main industrial fertilizers, and nitrate fertilizers are major pollutants in the eutrophication of water systems.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Apart from its use as a fertilizer and energy store, nitrogen is a diverse constituent of organic compounds such as Kevlar used in high-strength fabrics and cyanoacrylates used in superglue.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a constituent of all major pharmacological drug classes, including antibiotics.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Many drugs or prodrugs mimic natural signaling molecules containing nitrogen: for example, nitroglycerin organic nitrates and nitroprusides control blood pressure by metabolizing it into dinitrogen monoxide.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Many important nitrogen-containing drugs, such as natural caffeine and morphine or synthetic amphetamines, act as animal neurotransmitter receptors.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

History Nitrogen compounds have a long history, ammonium chloride has been known by Herodotus.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

They were well known in the Middle Ages.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Alchemists know nitric acid as aqua fortis (strong water), as well as other nitrogenous compounds such as ammonium salts and nitrate salts.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

A mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid is known as aqua regia (king water), to celebrate its ability to dissolve gold, king of the metals. [2]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The discovery of nitrogen was bestowed upon the Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772, who referred to it as hazardous air (English: noxious water). [3] [4] Although he did not acknowledge it as a completely different chemical substance, he firmly distinguished it from “fixed air” its Joseph Black, or carbon dioxide. [5]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The fact that there was an air component that did not support combustion was obvious enough to Rutherford, although he was not aware that it was an element.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen was also researched at the same time by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, [6] Henry Cavendish, [7] and Joseph Priestley, [8] who referred to it as burning air or phlogisticated air.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen gas is inert enough that it was referred to by Antoine Lavoisier as “mephytic air” or azote, from Greek: άωτικός (azotikos}, “unliving”. [9]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In an atmosphere filled with pure nitrogen, animals die and fire is extinguished.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Although the name of Lavoisier's proposal is not accepted in English, because it alleges that almost all gases (of course with oxygen as the only exception) are mephytic, the name is used in many languages (French, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Russian, Albanian, Turkish, etc.; in German Stickstoff refers to the same characteristic, namely sticken “choke or suffocate”) and it persists in English in names common to many nitrogen compounds such as hydrazine and compounds from azide ions.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Finally, this leads to the name “pniktogen for the class in the periodic table started by nitrogen, from the Greek πνίγειν “choke”. [2]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The English term nitrogen (1794) entered from the French nitrogène, coined in 1790 by French chemist Jean-Antoine Chaptal (1756-1832), [10] from French nitre (potassium nitrate, also called saltpeter) and French -gene, “make”, from Greek: -γενής (-genes,” producers, who produce”).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Chaptal's intent was that nitrogen is an essential part of nitric acid, which in turn is a product of niter.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In the early days, niter was inflated with the Egyptian term “natron” (sodium carbonate) — called νίτρον (nitron) in Greek — which, despite its name, did not contain nitrate. [11]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Early applications of nitrogen compounds in military, industrial, and agricultural fields used saltpeter (sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate), most importantly in gunpowder, and later as fertilizer.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In 1910, Lord Rayleigh discovered that electrical discharge in nitrogen gas produced “active nitrogen”, a monoatomic allotrope of nitrogen. [12]”


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Spinning clouds of brilliant yellow light” produced by crockery are reacted mercifully to produce nitride mercury. [13]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

For a long time, sources of nitrogen compounds were limited.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Natural resources are derived from biodiversity or nitrate deposits produced by atmospheric reactions.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen fixation by industrial processes such as the Frank—Caro process (1895-1899) and the Haber—Bosch process (1908-1913) eased nitrogen compound deficiencies, up to half of global food production (see applications) now relies on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. [14]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

At the same time, the use of the Ostwald process (1902) to produce nitrate from industrial nitrogen fixation enabled large-scale industrial production of nitrate as a raw material in the fabrication of explosives in the 20th century World War. [15] [16] The properties of the Atomic JMPL|upright=1.6|Ka|Form of five nitrogen filled orbitals.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Two colors indicate the phase or sign of the wave function in each region.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

From left to right: 1s, 2s (diagram to show internal structure), 2px, 2py, 2pz.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The nitrogen atom has seven electrons.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In the ground state, they are regular in the electron configuration 1s22s22p1 x2p1 y2p1 z.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Therefore, there are five valence electrons in the 2s and 2p orbitals, three of which (p electrons) are unpaired.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It is one of the elements with the highest electronegativity among the elements (3.04 on the Pauling scale), surpassed only by chlorine (3.16), oxygen (3.44), and fluorine (3.98). [17]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

As per periodic trends, its single bond covalent radius is 71pm, smaller than boron (84pm) and carbon (76pm), but larger than oxygen (66pm) and fluorine (57pm).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The nitride anion, N3− is much larger, 146pm, similar to the oxide anion (O2−: 140pm) and fluoride (F−: 133pm). [17]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The first three ionization energies of nitrogen are 1.402; 2,856; and 4.577MJ·mol-1, respectively, and the sum of the fourth and fifth ionization energies is 16,920MJ·mol-1.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen does not have simple cation chemistry, due to this very high number. [18]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The lack of radial nodes in the 2p subpetals is directly responsible for many of the anomalous properties of the first row of p-blocks, especially in nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The 2p subpetals are very small and have a radius very similar to the 2s petals, thus facilitating orbital hybridization.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It also results in a very large electrostatic tensile force between the core and the valence electrons in the 2s and 2p petals, resulting in very high electronegativity.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Hypervalence is virtually unidentified in 2p elements by the same reason, since its high electronegativity makes it difficult for a small nitrogen atom to become a central atom on an electron-rich three-center four-electron bond because it would tend to pull electrons firmly on itself.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Thus, regardless of the position of nitrogen at the head of class 15 of the periodic table, its chemistry shows very large differences than its heavier congenerals phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. [19]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen can be beneficial compared to its horizontal neighbors carbon and oxygen and its vertical neighbors on the pnictogen column (phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Although each of the period 2 elements from lithium to nitrogen shows some resemblance to the period 3 elements in the next class from magnesium to sulfur (known as diagonal linkages), their degrees drop by abruptly passing through boron-silicon pairs, thus Nitrogen similarity to sulfur is largely limited to sulfur nitride ring compounds when of those two elements only one is present.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen much more resembles oxygen than carbon with high electronegativity along with its ability to bind to hydrogen while forming coordination complexes by donating its silent electron pairs.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It does not share carbon's propensity for catenation, with the longest nitrogen chain yet discovered consisting of only eight nitrogen atoms (PhN=N—N (Ph) —N=N—N (Ph) —N=NpH).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

One property of nitrogen shared with its two horizontal neighbors is that it forms multiple bonds, usually with carbon, nitrogen, or oxygen atoms, through pπ—pπ interactions; thus, for example, nitrogen occurs as a diatomic molecule and hence has a melting point (− 210°C) and boiling (−196°C) which is much lower than other elements that are a group, as the N2 molecule is only held together by weak van Der Waals interactions and there are very few electrons available to instantaneously create a significant dipole.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

These properties are impossible for its vertical neighbors; thus, the compounds nitrogen oxides, nitrites, nitrates, nitro-, nitroso-, azo-, and diazo-, azides, cyanates, thiocyanates, and imino derivatives do not echo to phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

However, in the same way, the complexity of phosphorus oxo acid does not echo with nitrogen. [20]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The Nitrogen Isotope has two stable isotopes: 14N and 15N.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The first isotope is much more common, composing 99.634% of natural nitrogen, and the second (which is slightly heavier) the remaining 0.366%.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

This caused its atomic weight to be about 14,007u. [17]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Both of these stable isotopes are produced through the CNO cycle in stars, but 14N is more common because its neutron capture is a forward limiting step.14N is one of five stable odd—odd nuclides (a nuclide having an odd number of protons and neutrons); the other four are 2H, 6Li, 10B, and 180MTA. [21]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The relative abundances of 14N and 15N are nearly constant in the atmosphere but can vary elsewhere, due to natural isotope fractionation of biological redox reactions and the evaporation of ammonia or natural nitric acid. [22]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Biologically mediated reactions (e.g., assimilation, nitrification, and denitrification) strongly control nitrogen dynamics in the soil.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

This reaction typically results in 15N enrichment of the substrate and depletion of the product. [23]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The heavy isotope 15N was first discovered by S. M. Naudé in 1929, not long after it was discovered heavy isotopes of its neighboring elements, oxygen and carbon. [24]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It presents one of the lowest thermal neutron captures of all isotopes. [25] 15N is often used in nuclear-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to determine the structure of nitrogen-containing molecules, since its fractional core spin is one half, which offers an advantage for NMR such as a narrower line width. 14N, although theoretically also usable, has a spherical nuclear spin and thus has a quadrupol moment that leads to a wider and less useful spectrum. [17]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

NMR 15N nevertheless has complications not encountered in higher NMR spectroscopy, 1H and 13C.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The low natural abundance of 15N (0.36%) significantly reduces sensitivity, a problem only compounded by a low gyromagnetic ratio, (only 10.14% of 1H).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

As a result, the signal-to-noise ratio for 1H is about 300-fold greater than 15N at the same magnetic field strength. [26]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

This can be somewhat reduced by the enrichment of the 15N isotope through chemical exchange or fractional distillation.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

15N enriched compounds have the advantage that under standard conditions, they do not undergo chemical exchange of their nitrogen atoms with nitrogen in the atmosphere, unlike compounds with labeled isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen that must be kept out of the atmosphere. [17]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The 15N:14N ratio is commonly used in stable isotope analysis in the fields of geochemistry, hydrology, paleoclimatology and paleoseanography, called Δ15N. [27]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Of the other ten synthetically generated isotopes, ranging from 12N to 23N, 13N has a half-life of ten minutes and the rest isotopes have half-lives in the range of seconds (16N and 17N) or even milliseconds.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

No other nitrogen isotopes are possible because they would be outside the nuclear droplet line, which gives off protons or neutrons. [28]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Given the difference in its half-life, 13N is the most important nitrogen radioisotope, its life is long enough to be used in positron emission tomography (positron emission tomography, PET), although its half-life is still short it must be made at the site of PET, for example in a cyclotron by means of 16O is bombarded with protons producing 13N and alpha particles. [29]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Radioisotope 16N is the dominant radionuclide inside the coolant of pressurized water reactor or boiling water reactor during normal operation, and thus it is a sensitive and rapid leakage indicator from the primary cooling system to the secondary steam cycle, and is the primary detecting device The leakage. 16N is generated from 16O (in water) through a reaction (n, p) in which the 16O atom captures a neutron and releases a proton.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It has a short half-life of about 7.1 seconds, [28] but during its decay back to 16O it produces high-energy gamma radiation (5 to 7 MeV). [28] [30] Therefore, access to primary cooling pipes in pressurized water reactors must be limited as long as the generating reactor is operational. [30]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Chemical and compound Allotropes Nitrogen atoms, also known as active nitrogen, are highly reactive, triradical in shape with three unpaired electrons.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Free nitrogen atoms readily react with most elements to form nitrides, and even when two nitrogen-free atoms collide to produce an excited N2 molecule, they can release so much energy on collision with stable molecules of some sort of carbon dioxide and water causes homolytic fission that produces radicals such as CO and O or OH and H. Atomic nitrogen is prepared by passing an electric flow through nitrogen gas at 0.1—2mmHg, which produces atomic nitrogen along with the emission of slowly fading peach yellow as luminescence during a few minutes even after the power flow ends. [20]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Given the large reactivity of atomic nitrogen, elementary nitrogen usually occurs as an N2 molecule, a dinitrogen.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

This molecule is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless diamagnetic gas under standard conditions: it melts at −210°C and boils at −196°C. [20]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Dinitrogen is relatively unreactive at room temperature, but still reacts with lithium metal and some transition metal complexes.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

This is due to its bond, which is unique among diatomic elements at standard conditions because it has an NN triple bond.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The triple bond has a short bond length (in this case, 109.76pm) and a high dissociation energy (in this case, 945.41kJ/mol), making it very strong.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

This explains the inert-an chemical dinitrogen. [20]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

There are several theoretical indications that oligomers and other nitrogenous polymers are possible.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

If they can be synthesized, they may have potential applications as materials with very high energy density, which could be used as propellants or powerful explosives. [31]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

This is because all of them must decompose into dinitrogens, whose triple bond NN (bond energy 946kJmol−1) is much stronger than the double bond N=N (418KJmol−1) or the N—N single bond (160kJmol−1): indeed, the triple bond has more than three times the energy than the bond single.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

(The reverse applies to heavier pnictogens, which prefer polyatomic allotropes.) [32] A big disadvantage is that most neutral polynitrogens are not expected to have a large barrier against decomposition, and some exceptions will even be more challenging to synthesize rather than the long-sought but still unknown tetrahedran.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It differs from the cationic and anionic polynitrogens azides (N−3), pentazenium (N+ 5), and pentazolides (cyclic aromatic N−5) as well characterized. [31]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Under very high pressure (1.1miltaatm) and high temperature (2000K), such as those produced in diamond landing cells, nitrogen polymerizes into single-bond cube gauche crystal structures.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

This structure is similar to diamond, and both have very strong covalent bonds, which results in the nickname “nitrogen diamond”. [33]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

At atmospheric pressure, molecular nitrogen condenses (becomes liquid) at 77K (−196.2°C) and solidifies at 63K (−210.2°C) [34] to a hexagonal tightly packaged crystal allotropy form (called alpha phase). [35]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Liquid nitrogen, a colorless liquid that looks like water, but its type mass is only 80.8% of the density of water (the density of liquid nitrogen at its boiling point is 0.808g/mL), is a common cryogen. [36]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Solid nitrogen has many crystalline modifications.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It forms significant dynamic surface coverage on the surface of Pluto [37] and the outer moons of the Solar System such as Triton. [38]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Even at low temperatures, solid nitrogen is fairly volatile and can sublime form atmospheres, or condense back into frozen nitrogen.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It is very weak and flows in the form of glaciers and on the Triton geyser, nitrogen gas comes from the polar regions of the polar ice. [39]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Dinitrogen complex The first example of a dinitrogen complex discovered was [Ru (NH (see figure at right), and quickly many other complexes were discovered.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

This complex, in which a nitrogen molecule contributes at least one pair of its sunny electrons to a central metal cation, illustrates how N2 can bind metals on nitrogenases and catalysts for the Haber process: This process involving dinitrogen activation is essential in biology and in Fertilizer production. [40] [41] Dinitrogen is able to form coordination bonds with metals through five different ways.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

A better way is the donation of ends MNN (η1) and MNN→M (μ, bis-η1), where silent pairs on nitrogen atoms are donated to metal cations.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

A less well-characterized way involves dinitrogen donating electron pairs from its triple bond, either as a ligand bridge to two metal cations (μ, bis-η2) or to just one cation (η2).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

A fifth and unique way involves tripel-coordination as a ligand bridge, which donates its entire three electronic pairs from a triple bond (μ3-N2).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Some complexes have multiple N2 ligands and some N2 features that are bound in various ways.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The bonds in dinitrogen complexes are closely related to carbonyl compounds, although N2 is a weaker σ donor and acceptor π than CO, since N2 is isoelectronic with carbon monoxide (CO) and acetylene (C).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Theoretical studies suggest that σ donation is a more important factor for allowing M—N bond formation than π reverse donation, essentially only weakening the N—N bond, and tip donation (η1) is easier to achieve than side donation (η2). [20]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Currently, there have been known dinitrogen complexes for almost all transition metals, accounting for several hundred compounds.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

They are usually prepared through three methods: [20] Replacing labile ligands, such as H2O, H−, or CO, with nitrogen directly: this is often a reversible reaction that proceeds under mild conditions.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Reduces metal complexes in the presence of corresponding co-ligands at conditions of excess nitrogen gas.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Common options include replacing the chloride ligand with dimethylphenylphosphine (PME2pH) to replace the chlorine ligand with a smaller nitrogen ligand in an amount equivalent to its original ligand.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Converts ligands with N—N bonds, such as hydrazine or azides, directly into dinitrogen ligands.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Sometimes NN bonds can be directly formed in a metal complex, for example by directly reacting coordinated ammonia (NH3) with nitric acid (HNO2), but this cannot be applied in general.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Most dinitrogen complexes have colors in the white-yellow-orange-red-brown range; there are known to be few exceptions, such as [{Ti (η5—C5H5) 2} 2— (N2)] which is blue. [20]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitride, azide, and nitride Nitrogen complexes bind to almost all elements in the periodic table except the first three noble gases, helium, fluorescent, and argon, and some elements after very short-lived bismuth, creating a wide variety of binary compounds with varying properties and applications. [ 20]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Many binary compounds are known (usually called nitrides) except hydrides, oxides, and nitrogen fluorides.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Many stoichiometric phases exist for most elements (e.g. MnN, Mn, Mn, Mn, Mn, Mn, and MnXn for 9.2 < x < 25.3).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

They could be classified as “salt-like” (mostly ionic), covalent, “diamond-like”, and metallic (or interstitial), although these classifications have limitations that arise precisely from the continuity of bond types, instead of discrete and separate types as implied from the name -the name of the classification.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

They are generally prepared by directly reacting metals with nitrogen or ammonia (sometimes after heating), or through thermal decomposition of metal amides: [42] 3 Ca + N 2 Ca 3 N 2 {\ displaystyle {\ ce {3Ca + N2 -> Ca3N2}}} 3 Mg + 2 NH 3 Mg 3 N 2 + 3 H 2 (at 900 C) {\ displaystyle {\ ce {3Mg + 2NH3 -> Mg3N2 + 3H2\ {(on}\ {900 C)}}}} 3 Zn (NH 2) 2 Zn 3 N 2 + 4 NH 3 {\ displaystyle {\ ce {3Zn (NH2) 2 -> Zn3N2 + 4NH3}}} Many possible variants are formed through this process .


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The most ionic nitrides are those derived from alkali metals and alkaline soils, Li3N (Na, K, Rb, and Cs do not form stable nitrides for steric reasons) and M (M = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It can formally be thought of as a salt of the N3− anion, although the charge separation is not completely complete even for these highly electropositive elements.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

However, the alkali metal azides NaN and KN, featuring linear N anions, such as, famously, Sr (N and Ba (N. The sub-class B metal azida (being in classes 11 to 16) is much less ionic, has a more complicated structure, and is easily explosive when exposed to shock. [42]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Many covalent binary nitrides are known.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Examples include cyanogen ((CN)), triphosphorus pentanitride (P), disulfur dinitride (S), and tetrasulfur tetranitride (S).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Silicon nitride (Si) and germanium nitride are also recognized as essentially covalent: especially silicon nitride which is a promising material in ceramic manufacturing if not constrained on the complexity of its sintering process.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Especially for class 13 nitrides, which are promising semiconductor materials, are materials that are isoelectric with graphite and silicon carbide, as well as having a semblance of tructures: their bond changes from covalent to ionic along the group from top to bottom.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In particular, since the B—N unit is isoelectric with C—C, and the size of carbon is between boron and nitrogen, many organic chemists find an echo in boron—nitrogen chemistry, as in borazina (“inorganic benzene”).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nevertheless, the analogy is not precisely the same due to the ease of nucleophilic attack to electron-deficient boron.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It's impossible to happen in a ring composed of carbon only. [42]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The largest category of nitrides are interstitial nitrides with the formulas MN, M2N, and M4N (although variations in composition are quite possible), where small nitrogen atoms are located within the gaps in the metal cubic or hexagonal tightly packaged lattice.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

They are impenetrable (opak), very hard, and chemically inert, melting at very high temperatures (generally above 2500°C).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

They have a metal-like luster and electrical conductibility.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

They can produce ammonia or nitrogen through very slow hydrolysis. [42]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The nitride anion (N3−) is the most potent π donor among known ligands (second strongest is O2−).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrido complexes are generally created through thermal decomposition of azides or ammonia deprotonation, and they usually involve a terminal {N} 3− group.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The linear N azide anion, which is isoelectric with dinitrogen monoxide, carbon dioxide, and cyanate, forms many coordination complexes.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Further catenation is rarely encountered although there is known to exist N (isoelectric with carbonates and nitrates). [42]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Hydride On an industrial scale, ammonia (NH3) is the most important nitrogen compound and is made in larger quantities than other compounds, as it makes a significant contribution to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms through its role as a precursor to food and fertilizer.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Ammonia is a colorless alkalis gas with a characteristic piercing aroma.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The presence of hydrogen bonds carries a very significant impact on ammonia, reflected by the high melting point (−78°C) and boiling point (−33°C).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In liquid form, it is a good solvent with a high heat of evaporation (allows use in vacuum flasks), which also has low viscosity and electrical conductivity, high dielectric constant, as well as a smaller density than water.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

However, the hydrogen bond in NH3 is weaker than in H because the electronegativity of nitrogen is lower than that of oxygen, and NH3's silent electron pair is only one compared to H which has two silent electron pairs.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Ammonia is a weak base in aquatic solution (p<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[45026,45031,2,2]}'>Kb 4.74); its conjugate acid is the ammonium ion, NH.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It can also act as a very weak acid, losing one proton resulting in the amide anion, NH.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Therefore, ammonia undergoes self-dissociation, similar to water, producing ammonium and amide.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Ammonia burns in air or oxygen, while not readily, producing nitrogen gas; it burns in fluorine with a greenish-yellow flame color producing nitrogen trifluoride.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Reactions with other nonmetals are complex and tend to form mixtures of products.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Ammonia reacts upon heating with metals forming nitrides. [44]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Many other binary hydride nitrogen are known, but the most important are hydrazine (N) and hydrogen azide (HN3).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Although not a nitrogen hydride, hydroxylamine (NH) has properties and structure similar to ammonia and hydrazine.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Hydrazine is a colorless liquid, smoky and smells like ammonia.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Its physical properties are very similar to water (melting point 2.0°C, boiling point 113.5°C, density 1.0g·cm−3).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Although it is an endothermic compound, hydrazine is kinetically stable.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It burns quickly and perfectly in the air, very exothermally, producing nitrogen and water vapor.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Hydrazine is a highly beneficial versatile reductor and is a weaker base than ammonia. [45]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It is also commonly used as rocket fuel. [46]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Hydrazine is generally prepared through the reaction between ammonia with sodium hypochlorite bases in the presence of gelatin or glue: [45] NH 3 + OCl − NH 2 Cl + OH − {\ displaystyle {\ ce {NH3 + oCl^- -> NH2Cl + OH^-}}} NH 2 Cl + NH 3 N 2 Cl + 5 − ( slow) {\ displaystyle {\ ce {NH2Cl + NH3 -> N2H5+ + Cl^-\ {(slow)}}} N 2 H 5 + + OH − N 2 H 4 + H 2 O (fast) {\ displaystyle {\ ce {N2H5+ + OH^- -> N2H4 + H2O\ {(fast)}}} (Attack by hydroxide and ammonia can be reversed, so that passing the intermediate NHCl−).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The reason for gelatin addition is to remove metal ions such as Cu2+ that catalyze the destruction of hydrazine through reaction with chloramine (NH) yielding ammonium chloride and nitrogen. [45]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Hydrogen azide (HN3) was first produced in 1890 through oxidation of a hydrazine solution using nitric acid.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

HN3 is highly explosive and even its diluted solution can do harm.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It has an unpleasant smell and and is irritating and is a potentially deadly (but not cumulative) poison.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Hydrogen azide can be considered a conjugate acid of the azide anion, and analogous to hydrogen halide. [45]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Halides and oxohalides JMPL|Ka|nitrogen trichloride Four simple nitrogen trihalides entirely have been known.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

There are also known mixtures of halides and hydrohalides, but most are unstable and unattractive: examples include NClF2, NCl2F, NBrF2, NF2H, NCl2H, and NClH2. [47]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Known five nitrogen fluorides.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3, first created 1928) is a thermodynamically stable colorless and odorless gas, and is most easily created through electrolysis of an ammonium fluoride melt dissolved in hydrogen fluoride.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Like carbon tetrachloride, nitrogen trifluoride is completely unreactive and stable in dilute acidic or alkaline solutions.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Only when heated, it acts as a fluorinating substance, and reacts with copper, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth at high temperatures forming tetrafluorohydrazine (N).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The NF and N cations are also known (the latter a result of the reaction of tetrafluorohydrazine with strong fluoride acceptors such as arsenic pentafluoride), in the presence of ONF3, which has been polarized due to the short N—O distance as if it were a partial double bond and a highly polar N—F bond and long.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Tetrafluorohydrazine, unlike hydrazine itself, can dissociate at temperatures equal to or higher than the chamber temperature producing NF2• radicals.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Fluorine azide (FN3) is highly explosive and thermally unstable.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Dinitrogen difluoride (N) exists as cis and trans isomers that can exchange with each other according to temperature changes, and is the first product encountered as a result of FN3 decomposition. [47]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen trichloride (NCl3) is a high-mass, volatile, and explosive liquid whose physical properties are similar to carbon tetrachloride, although there is one difference that NCl3 is easily hydrolyzed by water, whereas CCl4 is not.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

NCl3 was first synthesized by Pierre Louis Dulong in 1811, who lost three fingers and one eye due to its explosive substance tendencies.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

As a dilute gas, it is less harmful and therefore used in industry to bleach and sterilize flour.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen tribromide (NBr3), first created in 1975, is a deep red, temperature-sensitive, and volatile solid, which is explosive even at −100°C.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen triiodide (NI3) is more unstable and has only once been made in 1990.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

His stirring compound</i>with ammonia, which has been known before, is highly sensitive to shock: it can be exploded by plumes, wind, or even alpha particles. [47] [48] Based on this reasoning, small amounts of nitrogen triiodide are sometimes synthesized for demonstration on chemical subjects in High school or for “chemical magic” attractions. [49]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Known two groups of nitrogen oxohalides: nitrosyl halide (XNO) and nitrile halide (XNO2).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

XNO is a highly reactive gas that can be made through direct halogenation of dinitrogen monoxide.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrosyl fluoride (NOF) is colorless and a strong fluorinating substance.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrosyl chloride (NoCl) behaves similarly and has been frequently used as an ionizing solvent.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrosyl bromide (NoBr) is red.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The reaction of nitrile halides is largely similar: nitrile fluoride (FNO2) and nitrile chloride (ClNO2) are both reactive gases and potent halogenating substances. [47]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen oxides form nine oxide molecules, some of which are the first gases identified: N2O (dinitrogen monoxide), NO (nitrogen monoxide), N (dinitrogen trioxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), N (dinitrogen tetroxide), N (dinitrogen pentoxide), NO3 (nitrogen trioxide) , N4O (nitrosylazide), [50] and N (NO (trinitramide). [51]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Everything is thermally unstable to decomposition into its elements.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

One oxide that is possible but has never been synthesized is oxatetrazole (N4O), an aromatic ring. [50]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Dinitrogen oxide (N2O), more commonly known as gelak gas or laughter gas (due to its laughing effect), is created through thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate at 250°C.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It is a redox reaction so nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen are also produced as byproducts.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

N2O is widely used as a propellant and curing agent for whipped ice cream, and was once used as a general anastesion.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Regardless of its appearance, it cannot be considered an anhydride of hyponitrite acid (H) because the acid is not produced through the dissolution of dinitrogen monoxide in water.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It is somewhat unreactive (does not react with halogens, alkali metals, or ozone at room temperature, although its reactivity increases upon heating) and has an unsymmetrical structure of N—N—O (N+O− ↔ −N=N+=O): above 600°C it dissociates by breaking the weaker N—O bond. [50]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen monoxide (NO) is the simplest stable molecule with an odd number of electrons.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In mammals, including humans, it is an important cell signaling molecule involved in many fiiological and pathological processes. [52]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

NO is formed through catalytic oxidation of ammonia.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It is a colorless paramagnetic gas that, because it is thermodynamically unstable, decomposes into nitrogen and oxygen gas at 1100—1200°C.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The bond is similar to nitrogen, but one additional electron is added on the π* anti bond orbital so that the bond order is reduced to about 2.5.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Therefore, dimerization into O=N—N=O does not occur except below its boiling point (when the cis isomer is more stable) because in fact there is no increase in total bond order and because unpaired electrons are delocalized opposite the NO molecule, hence it provides stability.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

There is also evidence for asymmetric red O=N—O=N dimers when nitrogen monoxide is condensed with polar molecules.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It reacts with oxygen producing nitrogen dioxide which is brown and with halogens produces nitrosyl halide.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It also reacts with transition metal compounds resulting in nitrosyl complexes, most of which are sharply colored. [50]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The blue dinitrogen trioxide (N) is only present as a solid because it quickly dissociates above its melting point resulting in nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide (NO), and dinitrogen tetroxide (N).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The latter two compounds are difficult to research apart due to the equilibrium that arises between them.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Although sometimes dinitrogen tetroxide can react via heterolytic fission with nitrosonium and nitrate in a medium with a high dielectric constant.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen dioxide is a sharp corrosive brown colored gas.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Both compounds can be easily prepared by decomposing dry metal nitrates.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Both react with water forming nitric acid.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Dinitrogen tetroxide is particularly useful for the manufacture of anhydrous metal nitrates and nitrato complexes, and it became the stable oxidizer of choice for many rockets in the United States and Soviet Union in the late 1950s. This is because dinitrogen tetroxide is a hypergolic propellant combined with hydrazine-based rocket fuel and can be easily stored because it is liquid in shape at room temperature. [50]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Dinitrogen pentoxide (N), which is thermally unstable and highly reactive, is an anhydride of nitric acid, and can be prepared from the dehydration of nitric acid with phosphorus pentoxide.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It is interesting for the preparation of explosives. [53]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Dinitrogen pentoxide is a hygroscopic crystalline solid sensitive to light.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In the solid state it is ionic with the structure [NO; as a gas and in solution it takes the form of an O2N—O—NO2 molecule.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Hydration into nitric acid proceeds rapidly, as does the reaction with hydrogen peroxide producing peroxynitric acid (HOONO2).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

N is a very strong oxidizer.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The dinitrogen pentoxide gas is decomposed as follows: [50] N 2 O 5 − − NO 2 + NO 3 NO 2 + O 2 + NO {\ displaystyle {\ ce {N2O5 <=> NO2 + NO3 -> NO2 + O2 + NO}}} N 2 O 5 + NO − − 3 NO 2 {\ displaystyle {\ ce {N2O5 + NO <=> 3NO2}}} Oxo acids, oxoanions, and salts of oxo acid Many nitrogenous oxo acids are known, though most are unstable as pure compounds and are only recognized as solutions or as salts.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Hyponitrite acid (H) is a diprotic weak acid with a structure HON=NOH (p<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[59153,59158,2,2]}'>Ka1 6.9, p<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[59175,59180,2,2]}'>Ka2 11.6).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The acid solution is quite stabic but at pH above 4 there occurs alkaline catalyzed decomposition via [HONNO] − into dinitrogen monoxide and hydroxide anions.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Hyponitrite (which involves the N anion) is stable to the reductor and generally acts more as the reductor itself.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

They are the intermediate stages on the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite, which occurs in the nitrogen cycle.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Hyponitrite can act as a bridge or bidentate chelate ligand. [54]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitric acid (HNO2) is not present as a pure compound, but is a common component in gaseous equilibrium and in its aquatic solution is an important solvent.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Its aquatic solution can be prepared from acidification of cold nitrite (NO) solution, although at room temperature it undergoes significantly disproportionation to nitrate and nitrogen oxides.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitric acid is a weak acid with p<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[60180,60185,2,2]}'>Ka of 3.35 at 18°C.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrite can be analyzed by the titrimetric method through its oxidation to nitrate using a permanganate oxidizer.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

They are easily reduced to dinitrogen monoxide and nitrogen oxide by sulfur dioxide, to hyponitrite acid by tin (II), and to ammonia by hydrogen sulfide.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The N hydrazinium salt reacts with nitric acid resulting in an azide which reacts further producing dinitrogen monoxide and nitrogen.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Sodium nitrite is somewhat toxic at concentrations above 100mg/kg, but small amounts are often used to recover meat and as a preservative to avoid bacterial spoilage.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It is also used for hydroxylamine synthesis and diazotation of primary aromatic amines as follows: [54] ArnH 2 + HNO 2 [ArnN] Cl + 2 H 2 O {\ displaystyle {\ ce {ArnH2 + HNO2 -> [ArnN] Cl + 2H2O}}} Nitrite is also a common ligand that can form coordination bonds in five ways.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The most common means are nitro (bonding from nitrogen) and nitrito (bonding from oxygen).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitro-nitrito isomerism is common, with nitrito forms typically less stable. [54]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitric acid (HNO3) is the most important and most stable nitrogenous oxo acid.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It is one of the three most widely used acids (the other two being sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid) and was the first discovered by alchemists in the 13th century.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitric acid is created through the catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen oxide, which is then oxidized to nitrogen dioxide, then dissolved in water producing concentrated nitric acid.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

More than seven million tons of nitric acid are produced in the United States per year, mostly used as nitrate production feedstock for fertilizers and explosives, among other uses.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Anhydrous nitric acid is prepared through distillation of concentrated nitric acid with phosphorus pentoxide at low pressure using glassware in dark conditions.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Anhydrous nitric acid can only be made in the solid state, because at the time of melting it is decomposed spontaneously into nitrogen dioxide, and liquid nitric acid which will undergo self-ionization as follows: [54] 2 HNO 3 − − H 2 NO 3 + + NO 3 − − − H 2 O + [NO 2] + + [NO 3] − {\ displaystyle {\ ce {2HNO3 <=> H2NO3^+ + NO3^- <=> H2O + [NO2] ^+ + [NO3] ^-}}} It is known that there are two hydrates, HNO and HNO, which can be crystallized.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It is a strong acid and its concentrated solution is a strong oxidizer, although it cannot strike gold, platinum, rodium, and iridium.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid (3:1) is still stronger and can dissolve gold and platinum, due to the formation of free chlorine and nitrosyl chloride, and the chloride anion can form strong complexes.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In sensitive sulfuric acid, protonated nitric acid forms a nitronium ion, which can act as an electrophile for aromatic nitration: [54] HNO 3 + 2 H 2 SO 4 − − NO 2 + + H 3 O + 2 HSO 4 − {\ displaystyle {\ ce {HNO3 + 2H2SO4 <=> NO2^+ + H3O^+ + 2HSO4^-}}} The thermal stability of nitrate (involving planar trigonal NO anions) depends on the basicity of the metal, as well as its decomposition product (thermolysis), which can vary between nitrite (e.g., sodium), oxide (potassium and lead), or even the metal itself ( silver) depends on its relative stability.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrate is also a common ligand with diverse coordination modes. [54]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Finally, although ortonitric acid (H), which is analogous to orthophosphoric acid, is absent, the tetrahedal structured NO ortonitric anion is known in its sodium and potassium salts: [54] NaO 3 + Na 2 O → 300C for 7 days Ag krus Na 3 NO 4 {\ displaystyle {\ ce {nano3 {} +Na2O-> [{\ ce {AG~krus}}] [{\ ce {300^ {\ circ} C~during~7days}}] Na3NO4}}} This white crystalline salt is highly sensitive to water vapor and carbon dioxide in the air: [54] Na 3 NO 4 + H 2 O + CO 2 NaO 3 + NaOH + NaHO + 3 {\ displaystyle {\ ce {Na3no4 + H2O + CO2 -> nano3 + NaOH + NaHCO3}}} Despite its chemical limitations, the ortonitrate anion is interesting from a structure standpoint due to its regular tetrahedral shape and short N—O bond length, giving significant polar character implications to its bonds. [54]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Organic nitrogen compounds Nitrogen is one of the most important elements in organic chemistry.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Many organic functional groups are involved in carbon-nitrogen bonds, such as amides (RCONR2), amines (R3N), imines (RC (=NR) R), imides ((RCO) 2NR), azides (RN3), azo compounds (RN2R), cyanates and isocyanates (ROCN or RCNO), nitrate O2), nitrile and isonitrile (RCN or RNC), nitrite (RONO), nitro compound ( RNO2), nitroso compounds (RNO), oksima (RCR=NOH), and pyridine derivates.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The C—N bond is strongly polarized in the direction of nigrogen.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In these compounds, nitrogen is typically trivalent (though it can form tetravalent in the quarternary ammonium cation, R), with silent electron pairs that account for alkalinity in the compound by forming coordination with protons.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

This can be dispensed with by other factors: for example, amides are not alkaline because their sunny pairs are delocalized into double bonds (though they may act as bases at very low pH, protonated at oxygen), and pyrolae are not acidic because of their silent partners delocalized as part of an aromatic ring. [55]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The amount of nitrogen in the chemical can be determined using the Kjeldahl method. [56]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In particular, nitrogen is an essential component of nucleic acids, amino acids and consequently proteins, and the energy carrier molecule adenosine triphosphate making it vital to life on the face of the earth.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen deficiency is the most common pure element in soil, composing 78.1% of the entire volume of the atmosphere. [2]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Despite this, nitrogen is not so abundant in the Earth's crust, there is only 19parts per million, equivalent to niobium, gallium, and lithium.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The only important nitrogenous minerals are niter (potassium nitrate, saltpeter) and sodaniter (sodium nitrate, saltpeter Chile).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

However, both have ceased to be important sources of nitrates since the 1920s, when industrial-scale synthesis of ammonia and nitric acid became commonplace. [57]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen compounds constantly undergo exchange between the atmosphere and living organisms.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen must first be treated, or “fixated”, into a form usable by plants, usually ammonia.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Some nitrogen fixation occurs as a result of lightning strikes producing nitrogen oxides, but most of it is done by diazotropic bacteria via an enzyme known as nitrogenase (though nowadays fixation of industrial nitrogen into ammonia is also significant).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

When ammonia is acidified by plants, ammonia is used to synthesize proteins.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Plants are then eaten by animals that use nitrogen compounds to synthesize their own proteins and excrete nitrogen-rich feces.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Eventually, these organisms die and decompose, undergoing bacterial and environmental oxidation and denitrification, returning free dinitrogen to the atmosphere.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Industrial nitrogen fixation with the Haber process is mostly used as fertilizer, although excess nitrogen-rich waste, when leached, leads to fresh water eutrophication and the formation of dead zone waters, as nitrogen-driven bacterial growth suppresses the water oxygen to a point in where all high organisms die.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In addition, dinitrogen monoxide, produced during the denitrification process, attacks the atmospheric ozone layer. [57]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Many seawater fish produce large amounts of trimethylamine oxide to protect them from the osmotic effects of their high environment; the change of this compound to dimethylamine is the initial sunber of the unpleasant odor of seawater fish that are not fresh anymore. [58]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In animals, nitrogen oxide free radicals (derived from amino acids) act as regulatory molecules essential for circulation. [59]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The rapid reaction of nitrogen oxides with water in animals produces nitrite products in its metabolites.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Protein nitrogen metabolism in animals, generally, ends in urea excretion, while nucleic acid metabolism in hewang culminates in the excretion of urea and uric acid.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The characteristic odor of animal meat decay is caused by the formation of long-chain amines, such as tetra- and pentamethylendiamine, which are products of the breakdown of the amino acids ornithine and lysine, in the decomposition of proteins. [60]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Production Nitrogen gas is an industrial gas produced through fractional distillation of liquid air, or through mechanical means by means of air feedstock (pressurized reverse osmosis membrane or pressure swinging accretion).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen gas generators that use membrane or pressure swing (English: pressure swing adsorption, PSA) are usually more efficient in terms of cost and energy than pressurized nitrogen stored and delivered in the tube. [61]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Commercial nitrogen is often a side result of air treatment for industrial gluing of oxygen for steel processing and other uses.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

When supplied as a pressurized gas in a tube, it is often referred to as oxygen-free nitrogen (OFN). [62]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen with commercial purity degrees already contains as high as 20ppm of oxygen, and is also available with special purity degrees containing as high as 2ppm oxygen and 10ppm argon. [63]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In chemical laboratories, nitrogen is prepared through the treatment of ammonium chloride solution with sodium nitrite. [64]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

NH 4 Cl + NaNo 2 N 2 + NaCl + 2 H 2 O {\ displaystyle {\ ce {NH4Cl + nano2 -> N2 + NaCl + 2H2O}}} A small amount of impurity NO and HNO3 is also formed through this reaction.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The purity can be removed by passing the gas formed through a sulfuric acid solution containing potassium dichromate. [64]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Highly pure nitrogen can be created through thermal decomposition of barium azide or sodium azide. [65] 2 NaN 3 2 Na + 3 N 2 {\ displaystyle {\ ce {2NaN3 -> 2Na + 3N2}}}} Applications of nitrogen compounds are very diverse due to the massive size of this group: therefore, only pure nitrogen applications are of concern in this article.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Two-third of nitrogen produced by industry is sold as gas and the remaining third as liquid nitrogen.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Most of those gases are used as inert atmospheres when oxygen in the air causes fire, explosion, or oxidation hazards.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Some examples include: [63] As a modified atmosphere, pure or mixed with carbon dioxide, to itrogenate and maintain the freshness of bulk or packaged food (by delaying rancidity and other forms of oxidative damage).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Pure nitrogen as food additives in the European Union is labeled with E number E941. [66]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In incandescent light bulbs as an economical alternative to argon substitutes. [67]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In fire extinguishing systems for information technology (IT) equipment. [63]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In the manufacture of stainless steel. [68]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In the hardening of steel surfaces by the method of nitriding. [69]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In some aircraft fuel systems are airborne to reduce fire hazard (see humidifier system). [70]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

To pump the tires of racing cars and airplanes, [71] reduce the problems caused by water vapor and oxygen in natural air. [63]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is commonly used during sample preparation on chemical analysis.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

It is used to glue and reduce the volume of liquid samples.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

By directing the pressurized nitrogen gas flow perpendicular to the surface of the liquid causes the solvent to evaporate while leaving behind unevaporated solutes and solvents. [72]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen can be used instead of, or in combination with, carbon dioxide in pressurized barrels for beer, especially stout and English ale, because the resulting bubbles are smaller, thus making the beer flow smoother and more foamy. [73]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Pressure-sensitive nitrogen capsules commonly known as “widgets” allow nitrogen-charged beer to be packaged in cans and bottles. [74] [75] Nitrogen also replaces carbon dioxide as the primary power source for paintball guns.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen should be stored at higher pressures than CO2, so N2 tanks are heavier and more expensive. [76]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is also an inert gas option for inert gas asphyxia, and is being considered to replace dead injectables in Oklahoma. [77] [78] Nitrogen gas, created from the decomposition of sodium azide, is used to inflate airbags. [79]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

JMPL|Blimp liquid immersed in liquid nitrogen Liquid nitrogen is a cryogenic liquid.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

When stored in proper tightly closed containers such as Dewar flask, liquid nitrogen can be displaced without much loss due to evaporation. [80]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

As with dry ice, the main use of liquid nitrogen is as a refrigerant.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Among other uses, it is used in the cryopreservation of blood, reproductive cells (sperm and egg cells), and other biological materials and samples.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Liquid nitrogen is used in clinical measures for cryotherapy to remove cysts and warts on the skin. [81]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The liquid is used in cold traps for certain laboratory equipment and to cool infrared detectors or X-ray detectors. It is also used to cool the central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU) and other equipment inside the computer that is overclocked, and which generates more heat on normal operation. [82]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Other uses include freezing grinders and machining materials that are soft or elastic at room temperature, assembly and connecting components, and more commonly for obtaining very low temperatures whenever needed (about −200°C).


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

So cheap, liquid nitrogen is also often used although low temperatures are not very necessary, such as food cooling, cattle tasting, freezing pipes to stop flow if there is no valve, and strengthening unstable soil by freezing whenever the bottom excavated. [63]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Safety Gas Although nitrogen is not toxic, if released into an enclosed space it can get rid of oxygen, thereby causing the danger of asphyxia.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

This can occur with minimal symptoms, as human carotid bodies have poor and slow hypoxia (oxygen deprivation) sensing systems. [83]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

An example occurred shortly before the launch of the first shuttle mission in 1981, when two technicians died from asphyxia after they walked into a room inside a pressurized Mobile Launcher Platform using pure nitrogen as a fire deterrent. [84 ]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

When inhaled at high partial pressure (more than 4 bar, about a depth of 30m on scuba diving), nitrogen is anesthetic, causing nitrogen narcosis, a temporary mental impaired condition similar to dinitrogen monoxide poisoning. [85] [86] Nitrogen dissolves in blood and fat body.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Rapid decompression (such as when a diver ascends too quickly to the surface, or an astronaut decompresses too quickly from cabin pressure to clothing pressure) can result in a fatal condition called decompression sickness, when nitrogen bubbles from within the bloodstream, nerves, joints, and other sensitive or vital parts. [87] [88] Bubbles from other “inert” gases (gases other than carbon dioxide and oxygen) cause the same effect, so nitrogen replacement in breath gas can prevent nitrogen narcosis, but cannot prevent decompression sickness. [89]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Liquid As a cryogenic liquid, liquid nitrogen can harm because it can cause frostbite if touched, although the Leidenfrost effect provides protection upon very short exposure (about one second). [90]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Ingesting liquid nitrogen can cause damage to internal organs.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

For example, in 2012, a young woman in the UK had to undergo gastric removal after eating a cocktail made with liquid nitrogen. [91]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

An unusually large force can arise if liquid nitrogen is evaporated rapidly within a confined space, as the nitrogen gas-liquid expansion ratio is 1:694 at 20°C.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

In the January 12, 2006 incident at Texas A&M University, a liquid nitrogen tank, whose pressure exhaust module malfunctioned, was sealed.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

As a result, the pressure gradually increased, and the tank exploded.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

The force generated from the explosion was sufficient to push the tank through the ceiling above it, crush the reinforced concrete blocks below, and blow the laboratory walls 0.1—0.2m away from its foundation. [92]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Liquid nitrogen is volatile into gaseous nitrogen, so prevention related to nitrogen gas also applies to liquid nitrogen. [93] [94] [95] For example, oxygen sensors are sometimes used as a safety measure when working with liquid nitrogen to warn workers against gas splashes into a confined space. [96]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Vessels containing liquid nitrogen can condense oxygen from the air.


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

Liquids in this kind of vessel become oxygen-rich (boiling point −183°C) as nitrogen evaporates, and can cause formidable oxidation of organic matter. [97]


Question: Is orthophosphate flammable?

Nitrogen

See also Reactive nitrogen Species Reference List of libraries Outside links at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham) from the Royal Society of Chemistry's Chemistry World Category:Chemical Elements Category:Pniktogen Category:Nonmetallic diatomic Category:Cooling Category:Media Laser boosters Category:Biological and Pharmacological Chemical Elements Category:Dielectric gases Category:Industrial gases Category:Articles with video clips


Question: What is the area of Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Gadjah Mada University (Hanacaraka:; abbreviated as UGM) is a public university in Indonesia established by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia on December 19, 1949 based on Government Regulation Number 23 of 1949 on Regulation on the Merger of Universities High Became Universiteit dated December 16, 1949. [1]


Question: What is the area of Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

UGM Campus located in Yogyakarta is the first university established by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia after Indonesia became independent.


Question: What is the area of Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

At the time of its establishment, Gadjah Mada University had only six faculties, now has 18 Faculties and two Schools namely Vocational School and Graduate School (formerly named Postgraduate Program), and more than 100 Study Programs for S2, S3, and Specialist.


Question: What is the area of Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Gadjah Mada University is located at Bulaksumur Campus, Yogyakarta.


Question: What is the area of Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Most faculties in Gadjah Mada University consist of several majors/sections and or study programs.


Question: What is the area of Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The activities of Universitas Gadjah Mada are poured into the form of Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi consisting of education and teaching, research, and community service History Establishment of its history, Gadjah Mada University is an amalgamation and reestablishment of various education halls, colleges, universities in Yogyakarta, Klaten and Surakarta.


Question: What is the area of Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The name Gadjah Mada started from the formation of Gadjah Mada College Hall consisting of the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Literature.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The establishment was announced at KNI Malioboro Building on March 3, 1946 by Mr. R. S. Budhyarto Martoatmodjo, Ir. Marsito, Prof. Dr. Prijono, Mr. Soenario, Dr. Soleiman, dr. Boentaran Martoatmodjo and Dr. Soeharto.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Since 4 January 1946 Soekarno and Hatta moved the capital of the Republic of Indonesia to Yogyakarta.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

With the rampant battle between freedom fighters and Allies and NICA in Jakarta and Bandung, then the Tinggi Teknik School (STT) Bandung moved to Yogyakarta.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

On February 17, 1946, Tinggi Tinggi Teknik (STT) Bandung was revived in Yogyakarta with its teachers including Prof. Ir. Rooseno and Prof. Ir. Wreksodhiningrat.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Other educational institutions that were established at about the same time were the Medical College (established March 5, 1946), the College of Veterinary Medicine (established September 20, 1946), the College of Pharmacy (established September 27, 1946), and the College of Agriculture (established September 27, 1946) all of which are located in Klaten, about 20 kilometers from Yogyakarta.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Institut Pasteur in Bandung since 1 September 1945, also transferred to Klaten with laboratory at Tegalyoso Hospital.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

One who played a role in this transfer was Prof. Dr. M. Sardjito who later became the first Rector of Gadjah Mada University.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Campus life in Klaten grew more crowded with the establishment of the Faculty of Dentistry in early 1948.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

In early May 1948, the Ministry of Education, Teaching and Culture established the Academy of Political Science in Yogyakarta on the proposal of the Ministry of Home Affairs to educate candidates for employees of the Department of Home Affairs, the Department of Foreign Affairs and the Department of Lighting.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The academy was initially led by Prof. Djokosoetono, S.H. Unfortunately, the academy was not long lived, after the PKI Madiun revolt erupted, September 1948, the academy was abandoned by its students who participated in the rebellion so that the academy was closed.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Subsequently on November 1, 1948, it was established in Surakarta, as a result of the cooperation of the Ministry of Education, Teaching and Culture with the Ministry of Justice.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Simultaneously, the Committee for Establishment of Private Universities in Surakarta, namely Drs. Notonagoro, S.H., Koesoemadi, S.H. and Hardjono, S.H. in Surakarta planned to establish State Law College.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

For the sake of efficiency, the Committee proposed incorporation of the Legal Expert Education Hall into the State Law College which was finally approved and ratified by Government Regulation No. 73 of 1948.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The Dutch incursion into the capital of the Republic of Indonesia in Yogyakarta in the framework of the Dutch Military Aggression II crippled all teaching activities in Yogyakarta, Klaten and Surakarta and all the universities were forced to close and the students fought.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

After the Dutch attack, the territory of the Republic of Indonesia became narrower.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

On May 20, 1949, a meeting of the Higher Education Committee was held in Pendopo Kepatihan Yogyakarta, led by Prof. Dr. Soetopo, with members of the meeting among others, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, Prof. Dr. M. Sardjito, Prof. Dr. Prijono, Prof. Ir. Wreksodhiningrat, Prof. Ir. Harjono, Prof. Sugardo and Slamet Soetikno, S.H. One of the results of the meeting was the establishment of the university again in the remaining republic, namely Yogyakarta.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Agreed by Prof. Ir. Wreksodiningrat, Prof. Dr. Prijono, Prof. Ir. Harjono and Prof. Dr. M. Sardjito will try hard to make this happen.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The main difficulty at the time was the absence of a room for lectures.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

But Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX was willing to lend the palace room and some surrounding buildings.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

On November 1, 1949, at the Duchy High Peguruan Complex, Yogyakarta, re-established the Faculty of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Agriculture and Faculty of Medicine.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The opening of the three faculties was attended by President Soekarno.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

At the opening ceremony was held an afterthought for the lecturers and students who had fallen in the battle against the Netherlands, namely: Prof. Dr. Abdulrahman Saleh, Ir. Notokoesoemo, Roewito, Asmono, Hardjito and Wurjanto.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

On November 2, 1949, the Faculty of Engineering, the Academy of Political Sciences and the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Literature under the auspices of the Foundation Balai Perguruan Tinggi Gadjah Mada were inaugurated.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

On December 3, 1949, Faculty of Law opened in Yogyakarta with the leadership of Prof. Drs. Notonagoro, S.H..


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

This faculty is the transfer of Solo State Law College.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Finally on December 19, 1949, Gadjah Mada University was born with six faculties.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

According to Government Regulation No. 23 of 1949, the six faculties are: the Faculty of Engineering (therein includes the Academy of Measurement Sciences and the Academy of Teacher Education Section of Natural Sciences and Exact Sciences); the Faculty of Medicine, which includes the Pharmacy section, the section of Dentistry and the Academy Teacher Education in Chemistry and Limu Hayat; Faculty of Agriculture inside there is the Academy of Agriculture and Forestry; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Law, which include Academy of Legal Expertise, Economic Expertise and Notariat, Academy of Political Science and Teacher Education Section Tatanegara, Economics and Sociology; Faculty of Literature and Philosophy, which in it includes the Academy of Teacher Education of Literature section.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

As the first Rector (President) appointed Prof. Dr. M. Sardjito.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

At the same time also established the Senate of UGM and the Board of Curators UGM.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The Board of Curators of UGM consists of Honorary Chairman Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, and the Chairman is Sri Paku Alam VIII, a vice chairman and member.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The 1952 development of the Faculty of Law, Social and Political coupled with the economic section thus became the Faculty of Law, Economics, Social and Political HESP).


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

In September 1952 the Faculty of Agriculture was augmented with the Forestry Section, thus becoming the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Since September 1955, several faculties were transformed into new faculties, among others: the Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy became the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and the Faculty of Pharmacy.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The Bakaloreat section of Biology Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy became the Faculty of Biology.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The Faculty of Law, Economics, Social and Politics is broken into three faculties, namely: Faculty of Law, Faculty of Economics and Faculty of Social and Political.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The Faculty of Literature, Pedagogic and Philosophy is broken into three faculties, namely: Faculty of Literature and Culture, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Philosophy Faculty.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The teaching level of Bakaloreat Definite Science and Bakaloreat Natural Sciences in the Civil Section of the Faculty of Engineering as the Faculty of Definite and Natural Sciences.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The Faculty of Education has two sections, namely Education Section and Physical Education Section.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine was renamed to Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

In 1960 the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry separated into the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Dentistry.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

In 1962 the Physical Education Section of the Faculty of Educational Sciences was upgraded to Faculty of Physical Education.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The faculty was handed over to the Department of Sport in 1963 and became the Higher School of Sports (STO).


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

To provide a strong general education for all Faculties, also established a General Faculty, and combined with the Faculty of Philosophy into a Joint Faculty of General and Faculty of Philosophy.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

In 1961 the Faculty of Philosophy was dissolved and in 1962 the General Faculty was also dissolved.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

As its successor in 1963 was established a special Lecture Organizer Bureau to carry out the duties that originally became a joint task of the Faculty of General and Faculty of Philosophy.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

But on 18 August 1967 the Faculty of Philosophy was re-established and in 1969 the Special Lectures Organizing Bureau was incorporated in the Faculty of Philosophy as the Organizing Bureau of Religious Lectures.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

In 1963 the Forestry Section of the Faculty of Agriculture was upgraded to the Faculty of Forestry, the technology section and the engineering culture section became the Faculty of Agricultural Technology.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

In that year also the Department of Geography at the Faculty of Literature and Culture was upgraded to the Faculty of Geography.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The Psychology Department at FIP became the Psychology Section which later on January 8, 1965 became the Faculty of Psychology.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

In 1969 the 18th Faculty was born namely the Faculty of Animal Husbandry which is the improvement of Animal Husbandry Section of the Faculty


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Since 1983 Gadjah Mada University has 18 Faculty of Undergraduate Programs, two Diploma Program Faculty (Faculty of Non-Degree Economics and Faculty of Non-Degree Technology) and one Postgraduate Faculty (Master and Doctoral).


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Early in 1992 there was a simplification of the number of faculties, the Graduate Faculty was transformed into a Graduate Program, while the Faculty of Non-Degree Economics was integrated into the Faculty of Economics and the Faculty of Non-Degree Technology was integrated into the Faculty


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The following faculties are the faculties and departments in UGM.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Majors are the lowest level of the organizational structure.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Under the department, there are courses in various levels.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Colombia Faculty of Biology Faculty of Economics and Business Department of Economics Department of Management Department of Accounting Faculty of Pharmacy Faculty of Philosophy Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences Department of Cartography and Remote Sensing Department of Regional Development Faculty of Law Faculty of Science Culture Department of Tourism Department Anthropology Department of Archaeology Department of West Asian Literature Department Department of History Department Indonesian Literature Department English Literature Department Japanese Literature Department Korean Language Department of Archipelago Literature Department French Literature Faculty of Social and Political Science Department Politics and Government (before 2010 named Department of Government Science) Department of International Relations Department of Management & Public Policy (before 2010 named Department of State Administrative Science) Department of Communication Department of Sociology Department of Social Development & Welfare (before year 2010 named Department of Sociatry) Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing (FKKMK) Department of Doctor Education Department Department of Nursing Department of Health Nutrition Faculty of Dentistry Department of Dentistry Department of Dental Nursing Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Faculty Forestry Forest Management Department Forest Cultivation Department of Forest Products Technology Department Forest Resources Conservation Department Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (Mathematics and Natural Sciences) Department of Physics Department of Mathematics Department of Computer Science and Electronics Faculty of Agriculture Agriculture Crop Protection Department of Soil Department of Agricultural Socio-Economy Department of Agricultural Microbiology Department Fisheries Faculty of Animal Husbandry Department of Nutrition and Fodder Department of Livestock Production Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Engineering Department of Architecture Department of Physics Engineering Department of Regional Planning and Urban Planning Department Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Department of Geological Engineering Geomatics Geodesy Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Department Nuclear Engineering Department of Industrial Engineering Department Chemical Engineering Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Agricultural Technology Department of Food Technology and Agricultural Products Department of Agricultural Engineering Department of Agricultural Industrial Technology School Vocational Computer and Information Systems Network Technology (D4) Medical Record Midwife Educator (D4) Agroindustry Health Forest Management Animal Electronics and Instrumentation Metrology and Instrumentation Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Civil Engineering Geomatics Information System Geography and Remote Sensing Applied Economics Archival Management Accounting Chinese Korean Language Japanese English French Tourism Study Center UGM has 28 Study Centers that have the main task of conducting research activities to support education and community service activities.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The study centers are: Colombia PS Land Resources PS Population and Policy PS Rural and Regional PS Transportation and Logistics PS Security and Peace PS Tourism PS Tourism PS Science Engineering PS Korea PS Korea PS Food and Nutrition PS Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Policy PS Social Southeast Asia PS Environment PS Pancasila PS Women's Economics and Public Policy PS Regional Development Planning PS Biotechnology PS Economics Research PS Sumderdaya and Marine Technology PS Biocontrol PS Culture PS Asia Pacific PS Japan PS Argoecology PS Energy PS World Trade Rector of UGM is the highest Executive Leader of Gadjah Mada University elected by the University Senate in a Senate session consisting of professors and faculty representatives in the UGM environment.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The existing candidates are determined and selected based on the requirements stipulated and approved by the Trustee Assembly which is the legislative institution of UGM after UGM officially becomes a State-Owned Legal Entity (BHMN)).


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Since its establishment on December 19, 1949, UGM has had 15 Rectors.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The first University leader Prof. Dr. M. Sardjito (1949-1961) who came from the Faculty of Medicine UGM did not bear the designation of Rector, but the President of Universiteit.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The current rector is Prof. Ir. Panut Mulyono, M.Eng., D.Eng. from the Faculty of Engineering, who was previously a professor of energy science in the field of optimization of chemical engineering systems at the Faculty of Engineering UGM.Prof. Ir. Panut Mulyono, M.Eng., D.Eng. replaced Prof. Ir. Dwikorita Karnawati, M.Sc., Ph.D. who now serves as Head of BMGK (Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics).


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Student Activity of UGM Student Arena is the center of activities for students in Yogyakarta.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

It's just because it is located adjacent to UGM Campus then finally identical to the activity center for UGM students only.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

The UGM Student Arena was built in the 1970s and was a movement center for activists in the 1970s when UGM Student Council and Student Council in Yogyakarta were still based in the building.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

From its establishment until now, UGM Student Arena has produced a dozen thousand student activities activists.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Between 1980 to 1990, the Student Arena was used by the secretariat of the organs of the former Student Council which now stands alone under the name of Student Activity Unit.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Sports, Arts and various special units of the Student Council still exist using various facilities in the building.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Including also Islamic Spiritual Unit Jamaah Shalahuddin UGM which every Ramadan juggles the building into Campus Mosque and Christian Spiritual Unit (UKK) as a place for students who are Christian.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

After 1990, UGM Student Senate continued the tradition of UGM Student Council and based in the building by using the former Student Cooperative space on the west side of the building, neighboring the space of Nature Lovers Activity Unit MAPAGAMA and Student Press Activity Unit Magazine Balairung On May 13, 1985, UGM Student Health Unit commonly referred to as UKESMA began to be pioneered.


Question: How much is Universitas Gadjah Mada?

Gadjah Mada University

Student health unit which used to be named PPPK UGM is engaged in sociomedical field.