Question: Who is the most famous Neo-Nazi leader?

Nazi Party

“Long live the glory!”


Question: Who is the most famous Neo-Nazi leader?

Nazi Party

“Heil Hitler!”


Question: Who is the most famous Neo-Nazi leader?

Nazi Party

“Salvation from Hitler or Long Live Hitler!”


Question: Who is the most famous Neo-Nazi leader?

Nazi Party

“Arbeit macht frei” “Work produces freedom” “Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer!”


Question: Who is the most famous Neo-Nazi leader?

Nazi Party

“One society, one nation, one leader!”


Question: Who is the most famous Neo-Nazi leader?

Nazi Party

“Deutschland, erwache!”


Question: Who is the most famous Neo-Nazi leader?

Nazi Party

“Germany, rise up!”


Question: Who is the most famous Neo-Nazi leader?

Nazi Party

“Die Juden sind unser Unglück!”


Question: Who is the most famous Neo-Nazi leader?

Nazi Party

“Jews are the source of our problems!”


Question: Who is the most famous Neo-Nazi leader?

Nazi Party

“Lang lebe unser ruhmvoller Führer!”


Question: Who is the most famous Neo-Nazi leader?

Nazi Party

“Long live our great leader!”


Question: Who is the most famous Neo-Nazi leader?

Nazi Party

“Heute Deutschland, morgen die Welt!”


Question: Who is the most famous Neo-Nazi leader?

Nazi Party

“Germany today, the world tomorrow!”


Question: Who is the most famous Neo-Nazi leader?

Nazi Party

“Die Deutschen immer vor dem Ausländer und den Juden!”


Question: Who is the most famous Neo-Nazi leader?

Nazi Party

“The Germans are always in front of foreigners and Jews!”


Question: Who is the most famous Neo-Nazi leader?

Nazi Party

“Sicher ist der Jude auch ein Mann, aber der Floh ist auch ein Tier..”


Question: Who is the most famous Neo-Nazi leader?

Nazi Party

“It is obvious that Jews are human, but fleas are also animals...”


Question: Who is the most famous Neo-Nazi leader?

Nazi Party

“Arbeit; Freiheit; Brot” “Work; Freedom; Bread” References See also Paragraph 175 of European Political Nazism Weimar Republic Fascism World War II Outside Category:Nazis


Question: Who was Indonesia's first Minister of Home Affairs minister?

List of Ministers of Home Affairs of Indonesia

Below is a list of people who have served as Minister of Home Affairs of Indonesia until now. [1]


Question: Who was Indonesia's first Minister of Home Affairs minister?

Minister of Home Affairs Reference See also List of Indonesian cabinet Ministry of Home Affairs Indonesia List of Deputy Minister of Home Affairs of Indonesia API


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (RRDK), North Korea or North Korea only (Hangul: Korea.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The Korean Demilitarized Zone becomes the boundary between North Korea and South Korea.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The Amnok River and Tumen River form the border between North Korea and the People's Republic of China.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

A portion of the Tumen River in the northeast constitutes the border with Russia.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Locals call this country Pukchosŏn (, “Northern Chosŏn”).


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The Korean Peninsula was ruled by the Korean Empire until it was annexed by Japan after the Russo-Japanese War of 1905.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

After Japan's defeat in World War II, Korea was divided into Soviet and United States occupied territories.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea refused to take part in UN-supervised general elections held in the south in 1948, leading to the establishment of two separate Korean governments by a demilitarized zone.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Both North and South Korea claim sovereignty over the entire peninsula, culminating to the Korean War of 1950.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

An armistice in 1953 ended the fighting; however both countries are officially still in war status, as a peace treaty was never signed. [1]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Both countries were accepted to become members of the United Nations in 1991. [2]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

On May 26, 2009, North Korea unilaterally withdrew from the armistice. [3]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea belongs to a one-party state under a unification front led by the Korean Labor Party. [4] [5] [6] [7] The country's administration follows the Juche ideology, fronted by Kim Il-sung, the country's former leader.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Juche became the official state ideology when the country adopted a new constitution in 1972, even though Kim Il-sung had used it to shape policy since at least the beginning of 1955. [9]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

While officially a socialist republic, North Korea is viewed by most countries as a Stalinist totalitarian dictatorship. [5] [6] [10] [11] [12] After Kim Jong-il's death on December 19, 2011, North Korea's next leader was Kim Jong-un, Kim's youngest son Jong-il.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

History The impact of Japanese colonization that ended with Japan's defeat in World War II in 1945 was Korea divided on the 38th northern parallel following approval with the United Nations.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The northern region was governed by the Soviet Union, and the southern part by the United States.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea's history officially begins with the establishment of the democratic People's Republic in 1948.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Division of Korea In August 1945, the Soviet Army formed the Soviet Civil Authority to rule the country until a domestic regime, friendly to the Soviet Union, could be established.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

After the retreat of the Soviet army in 1948, the main agenda the following year was the unification of Korea from both sides, but the consolidation of Syngman Rhee's regime in the South with American military support and suppression of the uprising in October 1948 ended hopes that this country could was reunified according to the manner of the Communist revolution.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In 1949, the Northern regime considered intervening militarily into South Korea, but failed to receive support from the Soviet Union. [13]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The withdrawal of United States military force from the South in June weakened the Southern Regime and made Kim Il-sung reconsider his planned invasion of the South. [13]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The idea itself was initially rejected by Joseph Stalin, but with the development of the Soviet nuclear arsenal, Mao Zedong's victory in China, and a sign from the Chinese people that they could send soldiers and other support to North Korea, Stalin agreed to the assault that became forerunner of the Korean War. [14]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The Korean War The Korean War was a war between North Korea and South Korea that began on June 25, 1950.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The war briefly came to a temporary halt with an armistice signed on 27 July 1953.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The conflict resulted from the division of Korea and attempts by the two Koreas to reunify Korea under their respective governments.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

This war killed over 2 million residents and servicemen from both sides.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The prewar period was marked by border conflicts on the 38th northern parallel and attempts at negotiating general elections for Korean wholeness. [15]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Negotiations ended when the Korean People's Army overran South Korea on June 25, 1950.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Under the blessing of the United Nations, the United States and its allies are backing South Korea.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

After the South Korean counterattack, the Chinese army supported North Korea, and ultimately led to an armistice that almost restored the initial border between North Korea and South Korea.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Since the 1953 armistice, relations between the North Korean government with South Korea, the European Union, Canada, the United States, and Japan have remained tense.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Fighting was halted with an armistice, but the two Koreas were technically still in a state of war.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Both North and South Korea signed the North-South Joint Declaration June 15 in 2000, when the two sides pledged to strive for reunification by peaceful means. [16]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In addition on October 4, 2007, leaders from the North and South joined hands to hold a summit that broached an official declaration of war cessation and reaffirmed the principle of non-aggression. [17]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The 20th century North and South Korea never signed a peace treaty and thus are officially still in the status of war; only an armistice was declared. [18]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Peace efforts were interrupted by several minor skirmishes and assassination attempts.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea failed in several assassination attempts against the South Korean leader, with the best known in 1968, 1974, and the 1983 Rangoon bombing.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Tunnels are often found under the Demilitarized Zone, and war almost erupted as a result of the Axe Murder Incident at Panmunjeom in 1976. [19]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In 1973, highly confidential high-level relationships began to be conducted through Red Cross offices, but ended after the Panmunjeom incident with little progress. [20]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

At the end of the 1990s, when South Korea underwent a transition to democratic, the success of Nordpolitik and with the taking of power in the north by Kim Il-sung's son, Kim Jong-il, then the two countries for the first time began to relate openly, with the South Korsel stating Policy Sunshine. [21] [22] 21st Century In 2002, United States President George W. Bush dubbed North Korea part of the “devil's pivot” and an “outpost of tyranny”.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The high-level relationship the North Korean government has had with the United States was the visit of U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright to Pyongyang in 2000, [23] although the two countries did not establish official diplomatic relations. [24]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

As of 2006, nearly 37,000 American soldiers were still in South Korea, although since June 2009 this number has reduced to about 30,000 alone. [25] [26] Kim Jong-il personally accepted the presence of United States soldiers on the Korean Peninsula. [27]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

After all, in general, North Korea strongly demands the withdrawal of American soldiers from Korea. [27]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

On June 13, 2009, the United States news agency, Associated Press, reported that in response to new sanctions from the United Nations, North Korea declared that it would continue its uranium enrichment program.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

This marked that for the first time, the North Korean government acknowledged before the world that it had indeed conducted a uranium enrichment program. [28]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

On August 5, 2009, former president of the United States, Bill Clinton met with Kim Jong-il to guarantee the release of two U.S. journalists, Laura Ling and Euna Lee, who were arrested for entering North Korea illegally. [29]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

On August 28, 2010 former President of the United States, Jimmy Carter, managed to bring home a U.S. teacher and activist, Aijalon Mahi Gomes, who was arrested for entering North Korea illegally. [30]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea's geography controls the northern portion of the Korean Peninsula, covering an area of 120,540 square kilometres (46,541sqmi).


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea borders the People's Republic of China and Russia to the north, and with South Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea's western boundary is the Yellow River and Korea Bay, while to the east lies Japan across the East Sea (Sea of Japan).


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The highest point in North Korea is Mount Paektu-san with a height of 2,744 metres (9,003ft).


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The longest river in North Korea is the Amnok River which flows for 790 kilometres (491mi). [31]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea's climate is relatively temperate.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

According to the Köppen climate classification, the country is Dwa temperate, with warm summers and dry winters.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In summer, there is a short rainy season called changma. [32]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

On August 7, 2007, the worst flood disaster in the past 40 years struck North Korea, resulting in the government asking the international world for help.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Some Non-Governmental Organizations or Non-Governmental Organizations, such as the Red Cross, ask people to donate because of fears of a humanitarian disaster. [33]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea's center of government and largest city is Pyongyang; other major cities among these are Kaesong, Sinuiju, Wonsan, Hamhung, and Chongjin.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Topography European tourists visiting Korea stated that the country resembled a “sea in the midst of a torrid wind” because of the numerous ranges of hills that alternate between the peninsula. [34]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Roughly 80% of North Korea's landmass consists of several mountains and plateaus, separated by deep, narrow valleys.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The coastal plain is wide in the west and is tucked in the east.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Most of the population settled on the low mainland.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The highest point in North Korea is Mount Baekdu, with an elevation between 1,400 to 2,000 meters above sea level.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The mountain is located near the border with China. [34]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The Hamgyong Mountains, being in the northeastern part of the peninsula, have many high peaks, such as Gwanmosan at an altitude of about 1,756m (5,761ft).


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Other major mountains are the Rangrim Mountains, which lie in the north-central part of North Korea and stretch in a north-south direction, making communication between the western and eastern parts of the country quite difficult; and the Kangnam Mountains, which run along the RRT-North Korean border.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Geumgangsan, often also written as Mount Kumgang, or Diamond Mountain, (nearly 1,638 meters above sea level) in the Taebaek Mountains, which extends all the way to South Korea, is famous for its beautiful scenery. [34]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The plains in Korea are mostly small in size, with the most extensive being the Pyongyang and Chaeryong plains, each having an area of about 500 square kilometers.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Because the mountains on the east coast inhabit sharply into the sea, the plains in the east are smaller than on the west coast.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Unlike its neighbors, Japan or northern China, North Korea experiences rarer earthquakes.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The climate of North Korea has a continental climate with four varying seasons. [35]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The long winter brings cold and sunny weather, combined with blizzards, as a result of northern and northwesterly winds gusting from Siberia.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Throughout the winter, an average of snowfall falls over 37 days.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Weather in the northern mountainous region tends to be poor.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Meanwhile, hot pumens tend to be short, hot, damp, and rainy due to muson winds from the south and southeast that bring water vapor from the Pacific Ocean.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Taifun winds affect the peninsula at least once every summer. [35]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Spring and autumn are transitional seasons characterized by moderate temperatures and varying winds, and provide the most comfortable weather.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Natural disasters include long droughts at the end of spring that are often followed by floods.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Occasionally there are tropical storms throughout the onset of autumn.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Administrative division of JMPL|Ka|200px|North Korea divided according to province The major cities of Pyongyang Hamhung Chongjin Nampo Sinuiju Wonsan Pyongsong Sariwon Anju Haeju Kanggye Kimchaek Hyesan Kaesong Songrim Hoeryong Culture and arts Arts and literature in North Korea are fully controlled by the state and the Korean Labor Party. [36]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Korean culture experienced repression during the Japanese colonization period from 1910 to 1945.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Japan implemented a policy of cultural assimilation.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

During the colonization period, the Koreans were forced to learn and speak Japanese, adopted the Japanese surname system and the Shinto religion, and were forbidden to write or speak Korean in schools, trades, or other public places. [37]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In addition, the Japanese exchanged or replaced various Korean monuments, such as Gyeongbok Palace, and documents depicting the Japanese nation were poorly altered.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In July 2004, the Goguryeo Cemetery Complex became the first site in the country to be put on the list of World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In February 2008, the New York Philharmonic Orchestra became the first United States musical group to perform performances in North Korea, [38] although only for a selected “invited audience”. [39]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The concert was broadcast by national television. [40]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

A popular event in North Korea is the Mass Games.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The latest and biggest Mass Game is called “Arirang Festival”.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The event is hosted for six consecutive nights every two months, and involves more than 100,000 attendees.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The audience of this show in the last years reported that anti-Western feeling was decreasing.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The Mass Games involved a performance of dance, gymnastics, and a line of choreography celebrating the history of the North Korean Revolution and the Labor Party.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Games were held at several venues in Pyongyang, such as the Rungrado Labor Day Stadium, which is the largest stadium in the world with a capacity of 150,000 people.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Sports Perhaps the best known sporting event both in North Korea is the Arirang Festival organized every year.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The main attractions of Arirang are mass gymnastics shows.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In football, there were 15 clubs that competed in the level one North Korean League and matches for the Technical Innovation Contest as well as the Republican Championship.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The football national team, Chollima, was affiliated into the FIFA 105-ranked AFC on 26 May 2010.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The team competed in the World Cup finals in 1966 and 2010.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In hockey, North Korea has a men's hockey national team that ranked 43rd out of a total of 49 [41] and competed in Division II.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The princess team ranked 21st out of a total of 34 [42] and competed in Division II.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea competed in the Olympic Games since 1964 (winter olympics) and began taking part in the summer olympics in 1972 by taking home five medals, including one gold.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea's IOC code is PRK.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea boycotted the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, South Korea.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

At the 2004 Olympics, Athens, North Korea and South Korea paraded together in the opening and closing ceremonies under the unification flag, but competed separately.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Since then, North Korea has always medalled at every summer olympics that followed.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The martial art of taekwondo originated in Korea.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In the decades of the 1950s and 1960s, modern rules were standardized and taekwondo became the official sports branch of the olympics in 2000.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Other Korean martial arts are taekkyeon, hapkido, tang soo do, yoke sool won, kumdo, and subak.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The government and politics of North Korea is a country that declares unilaterally as a Juche state (trusting and dependent on its own power). [43]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Personality adoration of Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il is carried out in an organized manner.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

After Kim Il-sung's founding of 1994, he was not replaced but rather obtained the title of “Eternal President”, and was buried at the Kumsusan Memorial Palace in central Pyongyang.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Although the presidential position is held by the deceased Kim Il-sung, [44] the de facto head of state is Kim Jong-un, who now serves as Chairman of North Korea's National Defense Commission.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea's legislative body is the Supreme People's Assembly, now chaired by Kim Yong-nam.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Another senior government figure is Head of Government Kim Yong-il.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea is a country that adheres to a one-party system.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The governing party is the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland, a coalition of the Korean Labor Party and two other smaller parties, the Korean Social Democratic Party and the Chongu Chondoist Party.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

These parties fielded all candidates to occupy government positions and held all seats in the Supreme People's Assembly.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In June 2009, it was reported by a South Korean media that there was a gesture indicating that North Korea's next leader would be Kim Jong-un, the youngest son of Kim Jong-il (Kim Jong-il has three sons). [45]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea's foreign relations have nurtured familiar relations with China and Russia for a long time.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The 1989 fall of communism in Eastern Europe, and the 1991 break-up of the Soviet Union, impacted further reduced aid to North Korea from Russia, although China still provided important assistance.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea maintains strong ties with its socialist allies in Southeast Asia, namely Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. [46]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea has begun construction of the Sino-Korea Border Fence on its northern border, in response to Chinese hopes that want to curb refugees fleeing North Korea.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Previously, the border between China and North Korea was watched by very few patrol officers.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

As a result of North Korea's nuclear weapons program, six-party talks were organized to seek a peaceful settlement related to tensions between the two Korean governments, the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China, Japan, and the United States.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

On July 17, 2007, UN inspectors verified the closure of five North Korean nuclear facilities, subject to February 2007 approval. [47]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

On 4 October 2007, the President of South Korea (Roh Moo-Hyun) and the previous North Korean leader (Kim Jong-il) signed a peace treaty containing eight articles, which proposed lasting peace, high-level talks, economic cooperation, railway renewal, air travel, roads freehold, and a combined olympic higher-line. [17]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The United States and South Korea have previously accused North Korea of being a country that supports terrorism. [48]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The 1983 bombing that killed a member of the South Korean government and the destruction of a South Korean airliner has been alleged to North Korea. [49]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea is also considered responsible for the kidnapping of 13 Japanese nationals in the 1970s and 1980s, five of whom were returned to Japan in 2002. [50]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

On October 11, 2008, the United States removed North Korea from this list of terrorism-supporting countries. [51]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Most foreign embassies that have diplomatic relations with North Korea are in Beijing, not in Pyongyang. [52]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Military Kim Jong-un is the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army and Chairman of North Korea's National Defense Commission.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The Korean People's Army is the name for the armed forces of North Korea.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The army has four branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, and Department of State Security.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

According to the United States Department of State, North Korea has the fifth largest army in the world, estimated at 1.21 million personnel, with roughly 20% of men aged 17—54 within the army. [53]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea has the highest percentage of military personnel per capita in the world, with about 1 soldier registered for every 25 citizens. [54]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea's military strategy is designed to infuriate agents and sabotage behind enemy ranks in times of war. [53]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The Korean People's Army has a variety of gear, including 4,060 tanks, 2,500 APCs, 17,900 artillery (including mortars), 11,000 air defense guns, 915 warships, and 1,748 combat aircraft. [55]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Existing gear represents remnants of World War II, generally proliferated Cold War technology, or Soviet weapons.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

According to official North Korean media, North Korea's military spending budget in 2009 was 15.8% of GDP. [56]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea also sells its ballistic missiles and military equipment to various countries.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In April 2009, the United Nations named Korea Development and Mining Trading Company (aka KOMID) as North Korea's main selling agent and the largest exporter of ballistic missiles and conventional weapons.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The United Nations also called Korea Ryonbong a supporter of the sale of all things related to the North Korean military. [57]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea has an active nuclear program and has been the subject for several UN resolutions, such as Number 1695 in July 2006, Number 1718 in October 2006, and Number 1874 in June 2009.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea's economy has an industrialized, autarkic, and highly centralized command economy.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Of the five remaining socialist countries in the world, North Korea is one of two countries (together with Cuba) with a state-owned and fully government-planned economy.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea's policy of isolation means that international trade is severely restricted.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea passed a law in 1984 allowing foreign investment through joint ventures, [60] but failed to invite meaningful investment.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In 1991, the Rason Special Economic Zone was established, [61] with the aim of attracting foreign investment from China and Russia.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Chinese and Russian companies have acquired the right to use the port in Rason.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Chinese investors have renovated the road from Rason to China, [62] and Russian railway workers renovated the railway line from Rason to Russia. [63]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The average salary of North Korea is about $47 per month. [64]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Despite substantial economic problems, people's quality of life continues to improve and workers' wages continue to rise. [65]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Small-scale private markets, called janmadangs, are present in all parts of the country and serve the population with certain foods and commodities from imports exchanged for money, thereby helping to prevent famine. [66]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Food, homes, health, and education are provided free of charge by the state, [67] and tax payments have been abolished since 1 April 1974. [68]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In order to increase agricultural and industrial productivity, since the 1960s, the North Korean government has introduced management systems such as the Taean work system. [69]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In the 21st century, North Korea's GDP growth is quite slow but certain, although in recent years, the growth figure increased up to 3.7% in 2008 due to the growth of the agricultural sector of 8.2%. [70]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

According to a 2002 estimate, the main sectors in the North Korean economy are industry (43.1%), followed by services (33.6%) and agriculture (23.3%).


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In 2004, it was estimated that the agricultural sector absorbed 37% of the workforce, while industry and services absorbed the rest, 63%. [24]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Major industries include military products, machinery manufacturing, electrical energy, chemicals, mining, metalwork, sandang, food processing and tourism.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

As of 2005, according to the FAO, North Korea was the 10th largest producer of fresh fruit, [72] and the 19th largest producer of apples. [73]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea has substantial natural resources, with major resources including iron, zinc, coal, fluorine, copper, salt, lead, tungsten, graphite, magnesium, gold, pyrite, fluorspar, and hydroelectric power. [24]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Foreign trade of China and South Korea are still the biggest contributors of food aid to North Korea.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The United States opposes this food blockage due to lack of oversight. [74]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In 2005, the amount of food aid from China and South Korea was recorded at 1 million tons. [75]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In addition, about 80 to 90 percent of North Korea's imported oil comes from China, which is sold at a “friend price” that is much cheaper than world market prices. [76]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

On September 19, 2005, North Korea was promised fuel aid and other non-food incentives from South Korea, the United States, Japan, Russia, and China in lieu of terminating the nuclear weapons program and co-opting into the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The provision of food in exchange for the cessation of the nuclear weapons program based on its history has been avoided by the United States so that it is not perceived as “using food as a weapon”. [77]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Humanitarian aid from North Korea's neighbors has been suspended as an effort to get North Korea willing to resume stalled talks.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

For example, South Korea once “delayed consideration” of 500,000 tons of rice for North Korea in 2006, but the idea of providing food as an incentive has been avoided. [78]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In addition, there was disruption to aid due to the robbery of locomotives used by China to deliver groceries. [79]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In July 2002, North Korea began experimenting with capitalism in the Rajin-Sonbong Special Economic Area and the Kaesong Industrial Area. [80]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

A number of other areas have been designed as Special Administrative Regions, such as Sinŭiju along the borders of China and North Korea.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

China and South Korea are North Korea's most important trading partners.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Trade with China increased 15% to $1.6 billion, and trade with South Korea increased 50% to more than $1 billion in 2005. [77]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

It is reported that the number of mobile telephones in Pyongyang increased from just 3,000 in 2002 to nearly 20,000 in 2004. [81]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

However, in June 2004, mobile telephony became illicit again, [82] until a new 3G network, Koryolink, was established in 2008 through a joint venture with Orascom Telecom Holding of Egypt.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

As of May 2010, more than 120,000 North Koreans had mobile phones. [83]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

A small number of capitalistic elements gradually expanded from the trial area, including a number of billboards along certain highways.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Some visitors reported that the number of open-air farmers' markets had increased in Kaesong and Pyongyang, as well as along the Sino-North Korean border, outstripping the food rationing system.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

At an event in 2003 known as the “Pong Su Incident”, a North Korean cargo ship accused of attempting to smuggle heroin into Australia was secured by authorities in Australia, reinforcing the prejudice of Australia and the United States that Pyongyang was involved in international narcotics smuggling.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The North Korean government dismisses all allegations of complicity. [84]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Tourism Tourism in North Korea is managed by the state-owned Tourism Organization (“Ryohaengsa”).


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Each traveler in groups or individuals is accompanied regularly by one or two “tour guides” who usually speak the traveler's native language.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

While tourism has increased over the past few years, the number of tourists coming from the West is still meager.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Most tourists visiting come from China, Russia, and Japan.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Russian nationals prefer North Korea as a tourist destination because it is cheap, minimal pollution, and the weather is warmer.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Citizens of South Korea are impossible to obtain visas to North Korea, but they can still get “entry permits” to tourist-only areas, such as Kaesong.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

U.S. citizens are also unable to obtain visas and can only visit during the celebration of the Arirang Festival; however, this ban has been lifted in January 2010. [85]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Within the Kŭmgangsan-mountainous region, Hyundai companies established and operated special tourist areas.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Visits to the region are also possible for citizens of the United States and South Korea, but only in entourages (not individuals) from South Korea.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Travel to this area has been temporarily halted since a South Korean woman approaching the military zone had been shot dead by border guards at the end of 2008. [86]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea has unilaterally announced it will take over Hyundai's assets in the region. [87]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korean media media is heavily controlled by the government.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Information is closely guarded, whether it is to the outside or into North Korea.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea's constitution guarantees freedom of opinion and press; but, in fact, the government prohibits the exercise of these rights.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Reporters Without Borders in 2008 classed the media in North Korea at an order of 172 out of 173, the same level from Eritrea. [88]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Only news in conjunction with the regime is permitted, while news covering the economic and political problems of the country, or criticism of the regime, is prohibited. [89]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The media is in charge of nurturing a personality adoration of Kim Jong-il.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The main supplier of news for the media in North Korea is the Korean Central News Agency.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea has 12 leading newspapers and 20 non-daily print media.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

All print media are different from their published periods and they are all printed in Pyongyang. [90]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The daily newspapers in question are for example Rodong Sinmun, Joson Inmingun, Minju Choson, and Rodongja Sinmum.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In North Korea there is no privately-owned press. [91]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Transportation In urban centers in North Korea there are buses and trams, both local and imported.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Old railways are bought from Europe and China, but a trade embargo has forced North Korea to make their own vehicles.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea Railway Secretary, “Choson Cul Minzuzui Inmingonghoagug”, is the only railway operator in North Korea.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The company has a 5,200km by 4,500km railway network, some of which meet standard gauge. [92]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

There is a small narrow-gauge rail operating on the Haeju Peninsula. [92]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The railway consisted of a mixture of steam and electric locomotives.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Most cars are made in North Korea using Soviet draft.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

There are several locomotives from the Empire of Japan, the United States, and Europe that are still worn.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Used locomotives from China (DF4B, BJ Hidraulika, etc) are also still operated.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Water transport on major rivers and along the coast plays an important role for both freight and human traffic.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In addition to the Yalu and Taedong Rivers, most of the waterway on the mainland, entirely 2,253 kilometers, is served only by small boats.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The most crowded coastal traffic is on the east coast, which is able to accommodate larger payloads because it is relatively deeper.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The major ports are Nampho on the west coast and Diligent, Chongjin, Wonsan, and Hamhung on the east coast.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The port owned by the country in the 1990s contains approximately 35 million tons of capacity each year.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

At the beginning of the 1990s, North Korea had merchant ships across the ocean, most of which were domestically made, with 68 arks (gross weighting at least 1,000 tons), with their total permissible weight of 465,801 tons, which included in them 58 cargo ships and two tankers.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

There is ongoing investment in the renewal and expansion of port facilities, the construction of specialized transportation on the Taedong River—and the more balanced comparison of international cargo with domestic cargo.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Air international transit from and to North Korea is restricted.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

There are regular flight schedules from Sunan International Airport — 24 kilometers north of Pyongyang — to Moscow, Khabarovsk, Beijing, Macau, Vladivostok, Bangkok, Shenyang, Shenzhen, chartered flights from Sunan to Tokyo as well as to Eastern European, Middle East and African countries.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

A treaty to pioneer ministry between Pyongyang and Tokyo had been signed in 1990.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Domestic flights are available between Pyongyang, Hamhung, Wonsan, and Chongjin.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

All civil aviation aircraft served by Air Koryo were 34 aircraft as of 2008, all of these were ordered from the Soviet Union and later Russia.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Since 1976 to 1978, four Tu-154 jets have been added accompanying small aircraft An-24s later adding four long-bodied Ilyushin Il-62M, three Ilyushin Il-76MD large cargo aircraft and 2 long-bodied Tupolev Tu-204-300 as of 2008.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

One of the few ways to enter North Korea is via the Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge or through Panmunjeom, a former crossing of the Amnok River, and then a crossing of the Korean Demilitarized Zone.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Private vehicles in North Korea are a rare sight, but since 2008, around 70% of households use bicycles, which also plays an increasingly important role in small-scale individual trade. [93]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Demographics JMPL|Ka|225px|North Korean population pyramid The rough number of North Korea's population is about 23 million people, one of the most uniform ethnic and language groups in the world, with very few Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, South Koreans, and a minority of European expatriates.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

According to the CIA World Factbook, North Korea's life expectancy figure was 63.8 years in 2009, a rough picture equivalent to the numbers reached by Pakistan and Myanmar and slightly below Russia. [94]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The infant mortality rate is at a high level of 51.34; a rate that is 2.5 times higher than the infant mortality rate of the People's Republic of China, Russia's 5th time, South Korea's 12th time. [95]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

According to UNICEF's The State of the world's Children 2003, North Korea ranked 73rd (top place of highest mortality rate), among Guatemala (72nd) and Tuvalu (74th). [95] [96] North Korea's total fertility figure is relatively low with a figure of 1.96 as of 2009; almost comparable to that owned the United States and France. [97]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The North Korean language shares the Korean Language with South Korea.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

There are dialect differences in both Koreas, but the North and South borders do not represent the border of the language clearly.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

While in South Korea it is more liberal, adoption of modern terms from foreign languages is more restricted in North Korea.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Hanja (Hanzi) is no longer worn in North Korea, although it is sometimes still worn in South Korea.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The two Koreas share a phonetic writing system called Chosongul in the north and Hangul in the south of the Demarcation Zone.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Romanization differs in both countries, North Korea uses the McCune—Reischauer system with slight modifications, and South Korea uses a Revised Korean Romanization.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The religions of both Koreas share the same heritage of Buddhism and Korean Conghucu and the still very recent history of Christianity and the movement of Cheondoism (“Heavenly Way religion”).


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea's constitution states that freedom of religion is permitted. [98]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

According to Western religious standards, most of the North Korean population can be grouped as “unaffiliated”.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

But most of them are defined as “religious” from the point of view of sociology [99] and the cultural influence of traditional religions such as Buddhism and Conghucu still have a dampag on the spiritual life of North Korea. [100] [101] [102] After all, the adherents of Buddhism in North Korea reportedly fared better than other religious groups; particularly Christians, who were said to face punishment on the part of the rulers.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Adherents of Buddhism are given limited funds by the government to promote that religion, as Buddhism plays an integral role in traditional Korean culture. [103]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

According to Human Rights Watch, free religious activities no longer exist in North Korea because the government sponsors religious groups simply to create the illusion of religious freedom. [104]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

According to Religious Intelligence, the religious situation in North Korea is as follows: [105] Unreligious: 15,460,000 followers (64.31% of population, dominant majority, they are biologists of Juche philosophy) Korean shamanism: 3,846,000 followers (16% of population) Cheondoism: 3,245,000 followers ( 13.50% of population) Buddhism: 1,082,000 followers (4.50% of population) Christianity: 206,000 followers (5.69% of residents) Pyongyang was the center of Christian activity in Korea before the Korean War.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Now, fourteen state-supervised churches are here, where religious freedom is a special case for foreigners. [106] [107] Official government statistics report that there are 10,000 Protestants and 4,000 Roman Catholics in North Korea. [108]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

According to a ranking published by Open Doors, an organization that helps disenfranchised Christians, North Korea is now the nation with the most and largest vocation of Christians among other countries around the world. [109]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Human Rights Defender groups such as Amnesty International also express concern for religious wrongdoers in North Korea. [110]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Education Education in North Korea is controlled by the government and compulsory until the first secondary level.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Education in North Korea is free, and the state provides students with not only free teaching and educational facilities, but also uniforms and guidebooks. [111]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Heuristika is actively applied to build the independence and creativity of the students. [112]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Compulsory education lasts eleven years, and passes one year of pre-school level, four years of primary education and six years of secondary education.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The school curriculum in North Korea consists of academic and political subjects. [113]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The primary school is known as a folk school and children learn in this school at the age of 6—9.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

They then proceed to public advanced schools or vocational advanced schools, depending on their individual abilities.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

They entered advanced school at the age of ten and upstaged it at the age of 16.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Higher education is not compulsory in North Korea.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

This stage consists of two systems: academic higher education and higher education for continuing education.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The academic higher education system includes three types of institutions: universities, professional schools, and technical schools.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The postgraduate stage for master's and doctoral degree is left to the university for students who wish to continue their education.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Two of North Korea's top universities are Kim Il-sung University and Pyongyang University of Science and Technology, both in Pyongyang.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea is one of the most literate countries in the world, with a proportion of 99%. [24]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Health Services and medical care in North Korea do not demand cost to the people. [114]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea budgeted 3% of its GDP for the healthcare sector.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Since the 1950s, North Korea has laid a solid foundation in the health sector, and between 1955 and 1986, the number of hospitals increased from 285 to 2,401, and the number of health centers — from 1,020 to 5,644. [115]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

There are several hospitals that specifically cater to the mill and mining people.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Since 1979 better emphasis was put on traditional Korean medicines, based on treatments utilizing herbal and acupuncture products.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea's health system declined dramatically since the 1990s due to natural disasters, economic problems, and food and depleting fuel reserves.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Many hospitals and health centers in North Korea are now desperately short of medical equipment, medicine, water, and electricity. [116]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Almost 100% of the population gained access to water and sanitation, but it was not entirely ideal.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria, and hepatitis B are considered endemic to the country. [117]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

According to 2009 estimates, the life expectancy of North Koreans is 63.8 years, a picture similar to Pakistan and Myanmar and slightly lower than that of Russia. [94]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Among other health problems, many North Koreans suffer from malnutrition, caused by the paceklik season relating to failed harvests, food distribution programs, and priority policies for the military.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

A 1998 UN report, the World Food Program reported that 60% of children suffered from malnutrition, and 16% were acutely undernourished.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

As a result, those who suffer during disasters always face health problems.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Human Rights Society Several international human rights organizations, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, rate North Korea as one of the countries with the worst human rights record. [118]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Koreans are often referred to as “the most brutally treated people in the world”, due to some strict limits put upon their political and economic freedoms. [119]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korean refugees have witnessed the existence of prison camps and prisoners with approximately 150,000 to 200,000 occupants (equal to 0.85% of the entire population), and have reported torture, starvation, rape, murder, medical trials, forced labor, and forced fetal abortions. [120].


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The system changed little in the late 1990s, when population numbers became very few.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In many cases, when capital endowment becomes de facto, it is replaced by some mild endowment.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The practice of bribery is becoming commonplace in this country.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Many North Koreans now illegally wear clothing that originated in South Korea, listen to South Korean music, watch South Korean tapes or video CDs, and even catch South Korean radio or television broadcasts. [121] [122] Individual cults the North Korean government runs Strict control over the entire joint of national culture, and this control is used to perpetuate the adoration of a personality not far removed from Kim Il-sung, and, to a not-so-great extension, for Kim Jong-il.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

When visiting North Korea in 1979, a journalist Bradley Martin reported that almost all of the music, art, and sculptures he had observed were presented for the sake of glorifying “Supreme Leader” Kim Il-sung, whose adoration of this personality was later extended to his son, “The Leader Beloved” Kim Jong-il. [123]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The song No Mother Earth Without You, sung by the North Korean Army Coor, was composed specifically for Kim Jong-Il and is one of the most merakyat tone compositions in the country.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

His official Kim Il-sung is still just seen as the nation's “Eternal President.”


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Some of the city's characteristic buildings in North Korea are named after Kim Il-sung, for example Kim Il-sung University, Kim Il-sung Stadium, and Kim Il-sung Square.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Detractors have been quoted as saying North Korean schools treat both the father and the son. [124]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Kim Il-sung rejected accusations that he created an attempt at adoration in his own direction and accused anyone who posited this opinion of “factionalism”. [123]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Criticism states that the cult of Kim Jong-il was inherited from his father, Kim Il-sung.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

He is often the center of attention throughout lay life in North Korea.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The day of his birth is the most important holiday in the country.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

On the 60th anniversary of the birth (according to its official date of birth), mass celebrations were organized in all corners of the country. [125]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The adoration of Kim Jong-il's personality, although significant, is not as strict as his father.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

In 2004, some of his official portraits were taken from public buildings. [126]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

One viewpoint reveals that the adoration of Kim Jong Il's personality was done solely for the sake of rewarding Kim Il-sung or avoiding judicial proceedings for failure to pay rent for the house. [127]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Media and government sources from outside North Korea generally support this view, [128] [129] [130] [131] [132] while North Korean government sources say it is purely an adoration of real heroes. [133]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Korean unification North Korea policy is to seek reunification (reunification) without foreign interference (outside Korea), through a federal structure maintaining their respective leadership and systems.


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

North Korea and South Korea signed the North-South Joint Statement June 15 in which the two parties pledged to seek ways to peacefully reunite. [134]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

The Democratic Federal Republic of Korea is a proposed country that was first mentioned by President Kim Il Sung on October 10, 1980 in a proposal for a federation between North Korea and South Korea in which their respective political systems would initially be maintained. [135]


Question: is the capital of North Korea?

North Korea

Panmunjeom North Korea Map Gallery, border between North Korea and South Korea A city in North Pyongan Province Juche Tower in Pyongyang See also Korea Korea War South Korean War Reference Outlink — (“My country”) North Korea Official Portal at Curlie Wikimedia Atlas of North Korea of UCB Libraries GovPubs — Korean Central News Agency, North Korea's official news agency Category:Undivided territories Category:Countries and territories formed in 1948 Category:Socialist country Category:Communist state Category:One-party states


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Gasing (or also called Gangsing) is a toy that can rotate on a shaft and equilibrium at a point.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Gasing is the oldest toy found in various archaeological sites and is still recognizable.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

In addition to being a toy of children and adults, gasing is also used for gambling and fortune-telling.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Most gasing is made from wood, although it is often made from plastic, or other materials.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Wood is carved and shaped to the point of gasing body.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Gasing ropes are generally made from nylon, while traditional gasing ropes are made from tree bark.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

The length of the gasing rope varies depending on the length of the arm of the person playing.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Gasing movements based on gyroscopic effect.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Gasing usually rotates staggered for a few moments until the interaction of the foot part (axi) with the ground surface makes it upright.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

After the gasing rotates upright for a while, the angular momentum and gyroscopic effect decrease little by little until finally the body part falls roughly to the ground surface.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Gasing in various Indonesian countries Gasing is one of the traditional games of the archipelago, although the history of its spread is not yet known for certain.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

In the Pulau Tujuh (Natuna) region, Riau Islands, the game of gasing had existed long before the Dutch colonization.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

While in North Sulawesi, gasing began to be known since the 1930s. The game is performed by both children and adults.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Typically, it is carried out in the yards of houses where the soil conditions are harsh and flat.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Gasing games can be done individually or in combination with a varying number of players, according to custom in their respective regions.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Until now, gasing is still very popular in a number of regions in Indonesia.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Even residents in the Rian archipelago regularly organize competitions.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

While in Demak, usually gasing is played during the turn of the rainy season to the dry season.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Bengkulu people are crowded to play gasing during the celebration of Islamic New Year, 1 Muharram.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Variety of names A number of regions have different terms to call gasing.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

The people of West Java and Jakarta call it gangsing or calling.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

The people of Lampung named it pukang, East Kalimantan residents call it begasing, while in Maluku it is called Apiong and in West Nusatenggara named Maggasing.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Only the people of Jambi, Bengkulu, West Sumatra, Tanjungpinang and Riau Islands call gasing.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

The name maggasing or aggasing is also known to the Bugis people in South Sulawesi.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

In the Lombok area it is called gansing.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

While the people of Bolaang Mongondow in North Sulawesi know gasing with the name of Paki.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

East Javanese refer to gasing as abomination.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

While in Yogyakarta, gasing is called by two different names.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

If it is made of bamboo it is called gangsingan, and if it is made of wood it is named pathon.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Gasing forms have a variety of shapes, depending on the region.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Some are oblong round, some are shaped like a heart, a cone, a cylinder, also some are shaped like a flying saucer.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Gasing consists of part of the head, part of the body and part of the foot (axi).


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

However, the shape, size and part of the gasing vary according to their respective regions.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Gasing in Ambon (apiong) has a head and neck.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

But generally, gasing in Jakarta and West Java only has a clearly visible head and axis, made of nails or metal.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

While paksi gasing natuna, it does not appear.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Types of Gasing can be differentiated into sound fighting gasing, rotary and shoot-fighting How to play gasing, it is not difficult.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Importantly, the gasing player should not hesitate when throwing the gasing to the ground.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

How to: Gasing in the hold in the left hand, while the right hand holds the rope.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

WRAP the rope on the gasing, starting from the section of the axe to the body part of the gasing. strong twist while rotating.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Throw the gasing to the ground.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

The thrown gasing will rotate for a while until the interaction of its legs with the ground level makes it upright and then rotates for some time.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

The long time of the spin is more swallowing and the angular momentum and gyroscopic effect are reduced, until finally the gasing body falls to ground level.


Question: When was the yoyo game invented?

Gasing

Outside Category:Toys Category:Traditional Games in Indonesia Category:Traditional Games in Riau Islands


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia [lower-alpha 1] (/sɔːdiːdiːəˈreɪbiə/ (listen), /sa-/ (listen)) (Arabic: المملكة العربية السعودية), officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia or Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), [lower-alpha 2] is a country in Western Asia covering almost the entirety of the Peninsula Arabia.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

With an area of roughly 2,150,000km2 (830,000sqmi), Saudi Arabia is geographically the fifth largest country in Asia and the second largest in the Arab World after Algeria.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is directly adjacent to Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the south.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

The country is separated to Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

The country is the only country with two important coasts, the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and much of Saudi Arabia is desert.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

The territory of Saudi Arabia is now the former of four district areas: Hejaz, Najd, and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). [1]


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

He united the four regions into a single state into a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with his capital city of Riyadh, home of his family, Wangsa Saud.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchical country, with hints of Islamic Sharia. [2] [3] Saudi Arabia is also sometimes called the “Land of the Two Holy Mosques” which refers to the Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca), and the Mosque of the Prophet (in Medina), two of the holiest places in Islam.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

The kingdom has a total population of 28.7 million, with 20 million of them being Saudis and another 8 million are foreign nationals. [4] [5] [6] The official language of the country is Arabic.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Petroleum was discovered in Saudi Arabia on March 3, 1938 and followed the discovery of other oil fields in the Eastern Province. [7] [8] Saudi Arabia is the world's largest oil producing and exporting country, controls the second largest oil reserves in the world, and has the largest gas reserves sixth in the world. [9]


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom is categorized by the World Bank under a Human Development Index, [10] and is the only Arab country to be a member of the G-20 Major Economies. [11] [12] [13] The country has often received criticism for its women's rights and its use of punishment. [14]


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is a monarchical state of autocracy, [15] [16] with the fourth highest amount of military financial expenditure in the world, [17] [18] and in 2010—14, SIPRI found that Saudi Arabia is the second largest arms importer in the world. [19]


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia can be considered a region superpower and an intermediate superpower. [20]


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

The country was added to the GCC, it is also an active member of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and OPEC. [21]


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is famous as the birthplace country of the Prophet Muhammad and the growth and development of Islam so that in its flag there are two sentences of Shahadat which means “There is no God but Allah and the Prophet Muhammad is His messenger”.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Economy The enormous wealth gained from oil, greatly helped the game and the establishment of the role power of the Saudi Royal family both at home and abroad.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

This area was formerly a trading area mainly in the Hijaz area between Yaman-Mekkah-Madinah-Damascus and Palestine.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Agriculture was known then for its date palm and wheat plantations as well as farms that produced meat as well as milk and processing.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

At the present time, an integrated agricultural system is developing to increase agricultural yields.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Industry generally rests on the Petroleum and Petrochemical sector especially after the discovery of oil resources on March 3, 1938.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

In addition to overcoming the difficulties of water sources besides resting on natural water sources (oases) also established Sea Water desalination industry in Jubail city.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

In line with the growing economy, cities become growing and developing.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Notable cities in the region besides the holy cities of Mecca and Medina are Riyadh City as the capital of the kingdom, Dammam, Dhahran, Khafji, Jubail, Tabuk and Jeddah.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

The politics of Saudi Arabia use the Kingdom or Monarchy system.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

The law used is Islamic Shari'ah law based on the practice of Islamic teachings based on the understanding of Salafush shalih (the companions of the Prophet and who follow them well) and in general practice of servants. This understanding as the understanding of the Prophet's companions of the Qur'an and Hadith, so often refer to it as Salafi understanding.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

It has international relations with other countries both Arab countries, member states of the Organization of Islamic Conference, as well as other countries.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

The inhabitants and division of the territory The family of the Quraysh tribe known as the nobles and leaders of the Arabs, derivatives of the founders and preservers of the sacred buildings of the Kaaba, Prophet Ibrahim and his son Prophet Ismail, where the Prophet Muhammad was one of the Banu Hashim Qurays, in the Hijaz region, now is one of the resident tribes in Saudi Arabia.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

The population of Saudi Arabia is the majority of Arab peoples although there are also descendants from other nations and the majority of Muslims.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

In industrial areas there are residents from other countries as contractors and foreign workers or expatriates The region of Saudi Arabia is divided into 13 provinces or manatiq (plural of mantiqah), namely: Bahah Hududusy Syamaliyah Jauf Madinah Qasim Riyadh Syarqiyah (Eastern Province) 'Asir Ha'il Jizan Makkah Najran Tabuk Geography of Saudi Arabia is located between 15°LU - 32°LU and between 34°BT - 57°BT.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

The area of the area is 2,240,000km².


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia encapsulates four-fifths of the area in the Arabian Peninsula and is the largest country in Middle East Asia.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

The lowest surface here is in the Persian Gulf at 0 m and Jabal Sauda at 3,133 m.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is famous for being a flat country and has many desert areas.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

The famous desert is in the south of Saudi Arabia, nicknamed the “Empty Region” (in Arabic, Rub al Khali), the largest desert area in the world.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

But in its southwest part, there is a grassy and green mountainous area.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

There are almost no permanent rivers or lakes in the country, but there are very many wadi.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Some fertile areas can be found in alluvial deposits in wadi, basin and oasis.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Education Education in Saudi Arabia is divided into two parts: General Education which is divided into three stages of Primary School (Madrasah Ibtida'iyah) with 6 years of study length Secondary School (Madrasah Mutawasithah) with 3 years of study length High School (Madrasah Tsanawiyyah) with a 3-year study length of Higher Education which is divided into: Undergraduate Studies (Bachelor) Doctoral Studies and also available special education memorization of the Qur'an at the level of Primary School, Junior High School and High School, and also Industrial Education, Commerce and Agriculture.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

General Education is overseen by Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Education and Teaching while Higher Education is overseen by Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Higher Education.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

In 1424 H (2003-2004), a new regulation was to hold a proficiency exam for all final students at the High School level (Tsanawiyah) held in Universities by the Saudi Arabian Center for Standardization and Development, the test measures the field language and sportswear.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

In addition, those students who will continue their studies in medicine or engineering are required to take an achievement exam with 5 subjects (Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics, English and Biology).


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

In 1434 H (2012-2013), English subjects were removed from the achievement exam.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Since a few years ago, the Government of Saudi Arabia also created the Two Holy Lands Servant Program for Scholarships abroad, a large and ambitious program that aims to develop the talents of Saudi Arabian Citizens by sending Saudi citizens to universities in various parts of the world, this program has been attended by 10 thousand scholarship recipients.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

See also Cooperation Council for Arab States in the Gulf List of countries in the world List of Figures Saudi Arabia Other Side Saudi Arabia Reference Note Outside Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

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Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Is the official language of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia

Category:Monarchy Category:Country in the Middle East Category:Member States of the Arab League Category:Arabic-Speaking Countries Category:Country in the Persian Gulf Category:OIC Member States Category:Countries in the Middle Sea Category:G20 Countries


Question: When did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

Christianity already exists in Indonesia and according to encyclopedia records, it is clear its existence in the 10th and 11th centuries. [1] [2] According to the population census in 2010, 6.96% of the Indonesian population was Protestant and 2.91% were Catholic. [3]


Question: When did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

Traditionally Christian regions in Indonesia are concentrated in Tanah Batak, Nias, Mentawai, inland Kalimantan, Minahasa, Poso, Tana Toraja, East Nusa Tenggara, Maluku Islands and Papua.


Question: When did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

In Indonesian, the term “Kristen” is specifically meant to refer to reformist (Protestant) churches [4] However, the history of Christianity in Indonesia here also includes the history of Catholicism in Indonesia.


Question: When did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

The history of Christianity first came to Indonesia in the 7th century.


Question: When did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

Through the church Assiria (Church of the East), namely, Pancur (Now the region of Deli Serdang) and Barus (Now the region of: Tapanuli Tengah) in Sumatra (645 AD).


Question: When did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

The history of the arrival has been recorded by the Shaykh cleric Abu Salih al-Armini in his book under the FIBA title “Tadhakur Akhbar min al-Kana'is wa al-Adyar min Nawabin Mishri wa al-Iqta'aih” (List of news on churches and monastries in Egyptian provinces and beyond).


Question: When did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

This list of churches and monastries from the original script in Arabic with 114 pages contains news about 707 churches and 181 Christian monastries scattered around Egypt, Nubia, Abysina, West Africa, Spain, Arabia and India.


Question: When did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

In his book (Abu Salih), the land of Indonesia is still included in the territory of India (al-Hindah). [5].


Question: When did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

The Orthodox Church is a group of Christians/Church arrivals who according to research from old historical and archaeological experts, first attended and came to Indoneia marked by/through the presence of the Nestorian Church which is the complexion of Assyrian church in the area of Fansur (Barus), in the region Mandailing, North Sumatra.


Question: When did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

But according to A.J. Butler M.A., the word Fahsûr should have been written Mansûr, which is a country in ancient times located in the Northwest of India, located around the Indus River. Mansur is the most famous country among the Arabs in terms of camfer commodity (al-kafur). [6]


Question: When did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

The first Roman Catholics arrived in 1511 in the land of Aceh, namely from the Order of the Carmel, and 1534 in the Moluccan archipelago through the Portuguese sent for exploration.


Question: When did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

Francis Xaverius, Roman Catholic missionary and founder of the Jesuit Order worked in the Moluccan archipelago in 1546 until 1547.


Question: When did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

Protestanism was first introduced by the Dutch in the sixteenth century, thus affected on Calvinism and Lutheran teachings.


Question: when did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

In the 1960s as a result of anti-Communist and anti-Confucianism many Communist followers and Chinese claimed themselves as Christians, but many Chinese people eventually accepted Christianity and now the majority of young Chinese people are Christians.


Question: when did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

Christians in Indonesia are freer to exercise their religion than some countries such as Malaysia, and some Arab countries.


Question: when did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

In the provinces of Papua and North Sulawesi, Protestantism is the majority religion.


Question: when did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

Population numbers of Christians are also found around lake Toba in North Sumatra, East Nusa Tenggara, inland Tana Toraja, and parts of Maluku province.


Question: when did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

Although Indonesia is predominantly Muslim, missionaries remain free to spread Christianity in Indonesia.


Question: when did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

And many Christian schools teach Christianity.


Question: when did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

Protestantism in Indonesia consists of various denominations, namely Huria Kristen Batak Protestant, Pantecostal Church in Indonesia, Tiberias Church of Indonesia/Bethel Church Indonesia, Seventh-day Adventist Church, True Jesus Church, Mennonites, Methodist Church, Baptist Church, Protestant Christian Church Simalungun, and other denominations.


Question: when did Christians get into Thailand?

Christianity in Indonesia

Christianity by Province See also Religion in Indonesia List of church fellowship in Indonesia Catholic Church in Indonesia Freedom of Religion in Indonesia Fellowship of Churches and Indonesian Evangelical Institutions Fellowship of Churches in Indonesia Indonesian Pentecostal Fellowship of Chinese Churches Indonesian Fellowship of Cooperation Among Churches in Indonesia Natal in Indonesia Reference Outside Category:Churches in Indonesia


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital (Javanese: Hanacaraka,; abbreviated Dr. Moewardi Hospital or RSDM) is a Central Java provincial government hospital located in Surakarta, Indonesia.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

In addition to being a government hospital RSDM also serves as an education hospital, one of which is the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sebelas Maret.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

The name of the hospital is taken from the name of Dr. Moewardi, a figure of Indonesian struggle during colonial times.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

The history of the Special Colonial Period in the Karesidenan region of Surakarta, in addition to the Jebres zending Hospital founded in 1912 by Gereformeerd Delft Church and Zuid Church Holland ten Noorden, there are two other hospitals that conduct health services to the community.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

The hospital is: Ziekenzorg, based in Mangkubumen under the name Partikelir Inslandscziekenhuis der verregniging ziekenzorg.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

It is not known exactly when this indigenous private hospital was established, but clearly in 1907 this hospital run by Vereeniging voor zieken verpleging in Nederlandsch-Indie (VZNI) was already getting subsidies from the colonial government.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

Panti Rogo which is a hospital owned by the Kasunanan palace government of Surakarta.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

This Rogo Panti was originally a place of treatment devoted to relatives of the Palace of Surakarta, along with frequent disease outbreaks experienced by the people in Surakarta, the hospital then received patients from the general circles.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

It is estimated that the hospital was presented during the reign of Sunan Paku Buwono X. Japanese Occupation On December 8, 1941 Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbour.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

During the six months since the fall of Pearl Harbour, Japan made offensive moves.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

Since then, attacks have been directed at the Indonesian archipelago.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

In January 1942 there was an exciting battle in the Java Sea which brought the superiority of the Japanese fleet.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

After successfully conquering Tarakan, Balikpapan, Manado, Kendari, and Pontianak, finally on 1 March 1942 Japanese forces landed in Banten Bay and Indramayu.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

One week later precisely on March 7, 1942, Semarang, Surakarta and Yogyakarta were already occupied by Japan.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

After the surrender of power from the Dutch forces to the Japanese in Kalijati on March 8, 1942, all the zending hospitals were then occupied by the Japanese.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

Japan considers that all doctors who are top managers in all zending hospitals, who in fact Dutch, are none other than Allied spies.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

They were therefore then arrested and transferred to concentration camps and should not be in contact with the employees of the hospital he led.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

A year later they were repatriated to the Netherlands as prisoners of war.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

When there was an occupation of the Japanese army over Indonesia, in general the health of the Indonesian public was no exception in Surakarta can be said to have regressed compared to the Dutch colonial period.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

The decline in the quality of public health is due to several things: firstly, the destruction of health infrastructure due to warfare, secondly the switching of the functions of health institutions, third the deterioration of health due to food shortages.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

All health facilities, both government-owned and private, were taken over by the Eiseikyu (health department) for the purposes of successful war.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

At this time, medicine was difficult to find because it was mostly used for war purposes by Japanese soldiers.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

The state of hospital facilities is also very sad because some hospitals do not have mattresses and care for their patients.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

As happens in other areas, in the field of health at this time there are also organisational changes.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

The health department was renamed Eiseikyoku which is part of the Ministry of Home Affairs (Naimubu) under the orders of the office of the head of the military government (Gunseikanbu).


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

Besides Japanese doctors, in the Eiseikyoku office are also employed Indonesian doctors.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

Meanwhile Dutch physicians were detained or expelled and discharged by the Japanese occupation administration.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

The structure of the health institution in the area is still maintained, what is changing is at the level of karesidenan, besides karesidenan doctors (indigenous) there are always Japanese doctors who act as supervisors.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

Likewise is the case with hospitals in Surakarta.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

After the Dutch doctors were detained, Indonesian doctors then held roles in the hospital while the director was held by Japanese doctors.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

In addition, there is also a change in the function of the hospital institution, as well as the existing hospital in Surakarta.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

Ziekenzorg hospital switched functions as interneringkamp (prisoner quarters), after which this hospital was moved to Jebres occupy the building of the ziekenhuis zending hospital building.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

While the ziekenhuis zending hospital moved to the rear, premises were built Rehabilitation Centrum (R.C.) Prof. dr. Soeharso.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

Usually the reason for the Japanese military government in conducting the expropriation of the hospitals was because they considered that the institution was established using subsidy money from the government.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

Indonesia was independent Period post-independence, especially during the clash II period, Ziekenzorg Hospital was used as “Surakarta Army Hospital” until December 19, 1948.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

This hospital was used as a headquarters for the army in maintaining independence from the Dutch army occupying the Surakarta area during the time of Dutch military aggression II.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

In accordance with the Decree of the Commander of Health of the Java Army on November 26, 1948 Number: 246/SEK/MBKD/48, Surakarta Army Hospital was disbanded and decapitated on December 19, 1948.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

Therefore all members of the army who were in the hospital were then demobilized as well as relieving them of their duties.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

In the decree was also instructed to the head of Surakarta Army Hospital to hand over the health service institution to the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) Surakarta Region.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

In the next development, PMI Surakarta Region is also not able to continue the operation of this hospital, as its impact on February 1, 1949 this hospital was handed back to the original owner, namely partikelir Inslandscziekenhuis der vereeniging ziekenzorg which is in time it was renamed the Bale Kusolo Association.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

Since then this hospital is named Bale Kusolo hospital with led by director dr. R. Soemarno.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

Meanwhile, the hospital belongs to Keraton Kasunanan (Pantirogo Hospital) in this period along with the changing orientation of the wearer community, renamed Kadipolo Hospital.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

Kadipolo Hospital's fate was similar to that of Zending Jebres Hospital which had difficulty meeting its operational costs, therefore these two hospitals were taken over by the government of the Republic of Indonesia for the purposes of struggle during the revolution.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

The post-independence period became a decisive period for private hospitals in Java to determine their fate.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

The absence of any more relationship with churches and supporting foundations in the Netherlands and not strong coordination carried out by Geraja Kristen Djawa, has made the fate of zending hospitals in Yogyakarta and in Central Java run alone.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

Therefore, after the Japanese lift the legs from Indonesia, the zending hospitals in Central Java and Yogyakarta have a different fate.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

On 25 September 1945 a meeting was held between Indonesian doctors and the head of the section to determine the position of the hospital during the Japanese occupation.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

The results of the meeting decided that the zending hospital in Yogyakarta must return to the original principle of Christian hospital and managed by a private party.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

A day later the verdict was approved by all employees of Yogyakarta zending hospital and dr. Samallo became the first indigenous director of the institute and the name of the hospital was changed to Roemah Sick Oemoem Poesat (RSUP).


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi Hospital built?

Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital

The independence of Yogyakarta zending hospital is also inseparable from the help of Parkindo (Indonesian Christian Party).