Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

There are also mixed interview genres and attractions, especially famous interview shows where there is added entertainment between the interview segments.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The reality show shows ordinary people (not actors) who face incredible challenges or experiences, compete for champions (Akademi Fantasia), work (Just For Laughs Gags), or experience the lives of people living below the poverty line (If I Become. ..).


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

There is also a type of reality show that shows the daily life of an artist (Gugu Gaga Erra) or an artist who does work as in general ordinary people (The Simple Life).


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Social impact Impact for children Since the late 1990s, more and more parents are allowing their babies to watch television as the growing number of DVD products advertised can help infants' language and cognitive development.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

However, there are no studies showing that watching television from an early age can improve a child's language development.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In contrast, scientific evidence suggests that babies who watch such DVDs have lower language proficiency.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In addition, when a child's ability to know letters and numbers was measured at school age, children who watched television before 3 years old had lower scores than children who did not watch television before 3 years old.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Similarly, the more a child watches television before the age of 3, the higher the likelihood of experiencing attention problems at age 7. [37]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In contrast, watching a quality television show can improve the cognitive abilities of preschool-aged children.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The most researched television show was Sesame Street which showed positive effects for language learning when watched by 3—5 year olds.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

By comparison, research shows that television shows without educational intent—like cartoons in general—do not relate to improved language skills.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

After adolescence, children who at preschool age used to watch Sesame Street turned out to achieve higher lesson scores, read more books, and were more motivated to achieve achievements compared to teenagers who at preschool age did not watch the show. [38]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Through television, children and adolescents can also learn about anti-violent behavior, empathy, tolerance to people of other races or ethnicities, and respect for older people. [39]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Educational information can also be tucked into programs popular for adolescents, such as education on contraception that was successfully carried out through one episode of the United States television series, Friends. [40]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

However, watching television also has the potential to have negative impacts for children and adolescents, such as aggressive behavior, substance abuse, risky sexual activity, obesity, diet disorders, and declining achievement in school.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

When in the children's room there is a television, the risk of children getting overweight and the likelihood of children smoking increases, children become less reading and doing other hobbies, and the child's sleep time decreases. [39]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In 2001, the American Academy of Pediatricians recommended a number of things to address the potential negative impact of television for children and adolescents, including removing televisions from children's rooms, avoiding television viewing from children under 2 years old, as well as encouraging parents to accompany children to watch television and monitor television programs that children watch to be informative, educational, and non-violent. [41]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Health impacts Because it relates to sedentary behaviors such as sitting and lying for a long time without expending energy, watching too much television is considered to have a negative impact on health.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Many studies have shown that long periods of television viewing is associated with higher body mass index, lower fitness levels, and higher blood cholesterol levels. [42]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The more a person watches television in a child, the higher the likelihood of being obese in adulthood. [43]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Watching television and other sedentary behaviors also associate with a higher risk of colorectal, endometrial, ovarian, and prostate cancers [44] as well as risk of cardiovascular disease. [45]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

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Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

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Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

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Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

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Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

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Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

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television

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Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. (in Malay) Category:Telecommunications equipment Category:Video hardware


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan is a vocational high school located under the Airlangga Foundation, Balikpapan.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

The history of SMK Airlangga Balikpapan was founded by four groups; Agung Sakti Pribadi, Drs Kuswari MPd, Drs Kusnadi and Sa'roni Hashim on 19 March 1994.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

It used to be named SMEA Airlangga before changing to SMK.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

Legalization of the school is stated through the decree of the Head of Regional Office of the Department of Education and Culture of East Kalimantan Province Number 344/120.2A/IC/1994. [1]


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

At the beginning of its establishment, this school only occupies a rented building in Gunung Pasir area, opposite SMA Negeri 1 Balikpapan or precisely in the building once used by the Tax Service Office (KPP) Madya Balikpapan.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

The first batch numbered 120 students.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

At that time, SMK Airlangga Balikpapan held only one expertise program; Accounting.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

Its first principal Drs Kuswari, who was also one of the founders of this vocational school.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

In the first batch, it employed 14 teachers and two administrative personnel.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

On its development, the students are more and more.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

School facilities are no longer adequate to accommodate the ever-growing number of students year after year.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

The management of SMK Airlangga Balikpapan also found it difficult to serve such high community animo.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

Two years later, precisely on August 16, 1996, SMK Airlangga's extended family was relocated to a more representative place on Jalan S Parman No 14 Guntur Guntur, until now.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

The move was also enlivened by the activities of a leisurely walk action crowded from the old building to the new building.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

It happens that the new building which reaches 1,996 m² and has a two-story building belongs to Yayasan Airlangga, so the status is not rent anymore.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

There are 8 classrooms, 2 laboratory rooms, 1 multimedia studio room, function room and mushala.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

On its way, the Airlangga Foundation added one more new building with 6 classrooms.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

Department and Curriculum of Business and Accounting Management In accounting expertise program, the ability of students is guaranteed to perform systematic bookkeeping process both manually and computerized reliably.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

This vocational program, organized in creating skilled labor in accounting.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

You will be taught among them: Accounting cycle Journal Post ledger Making balance sheet Making financial statements, including balance sheet and profit-loss report Office Administration program is presented in order to create skilled personnel in the field Specific focus as follows: Arrangement or processing of archives Arrangement or processing mail/documents Phone handling Typing of scripts or documents Setup meeting/meetings Small cash handling General information spread data entry Information Technology and Communication Multimedia Program Multimedia expertise is designed to print middle-level skilled personnel capable in the field of work, development and creation of graphic design ranging from websites, multimedia, simple games and simulation media.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

In addition, editing and creating video clips, animation and information media, including work on cinema/film production houses, media and advertising industries.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

The protégés, also given the understanding and capital to be able to entrepreneurship in the field of ICT.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

This department reviews about: Graphic design Website design Multimedia Simple games and simulation media Editing and creating video clips Creating animation and information media Software Engineering Expertise programs designed to train ready-made workforce in the field of development and software maintenance in information technology.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

You will learn like: IT Operator IT Helpdesk Junior programmer Junior database programmer Junior website programmer Computer Engineering Network Program TKJ newly included in vocational in new students this 2012/2013 school year.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

The addition of the program is at the request of the market and the world of work globally that demands such science.


Question: What is the area of SMK TI Airlangga?

SMK Airlangga Balikpapan

Here, students will get to know among others: Device introduction and network concept Operating system assembly Basic theory of networks Network installation and analysis Wireless networks WAN networks Linux Installation Server administrators Reference Category:Schools in Balikpapan Category:Schools in Balikpapan Category:Schools in East Kalimantan


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The Mahabharata (Sanskrit: महाारतारत) is an ancient literary work originating in India.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Traditionally, the author of the Mahabharata was Begawan Byasa or Vyasa.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The book consists of eighteen books, hence the name Astadasaparwa (asta = 8, dasa = 10, parwa = book).


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

However, some believe that this story is actually a collection of many originally scattered stories, collected since the 4th century before AD.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Briefly, the Mahabharata tells the story of the conflict of the five Pandavas with their cousin brother the hundred Korawa, concerning a dispute over the land rule rights of the country of Astina.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The highlight was the Bharatayuddha war in Kurusetra terrain and the battle lasted for eighteen days.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Influences in culture In addition to containing stories of heroism (wiracarita), the Mahabharata also contains Hindu values, mythology and various other clues.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Therefore the story of the Mahabharata is considered holy, most special by Hinduism.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The story originally written in Sanskrit was later copied in various languages, especially following the development of Hindu civilization in the past in Asia, including in Southeast Asia.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

In Indonesia, copies of various parts of the Mahabharata, such as Adiparwa, Wirataparwa, Bhismaparwa and possibly some other parwa, are known to have been composed in Kawi (Old Javanese) prose form since the late 10th century AD.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Namely during the reign of king Dharmawangsa Teguh (991-1016 AD) of Kadiri.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Because of its nature, this form of prose is also known as parwa literature.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Especially popular in later times is the story in the form of kakawin, which is an old poem with ancient Javanese speaking Indian metrum.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

One of the famous is the kakawin Arjunawiwaha (Arjunawiwāha, Arjuna's marriage) ambahan mpu Kanwa.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The work allegedly written between 1028-1035 AD (Zoetmulder, 1984) was dedicated to king Airlangga of the kingdom Medang Kamulan, son-in-law of king Dharmawangsa.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Another also famous literary work is Kakawin Bharatayuddha, composed by mpu Sedah and later completed by mpu Panuluh (Panaluh).


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

This kakawin was dedicated to Prabu Jayabhaya (1135-1157 AD), written around the end of the reign of the king Daha (Kediri).


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Beyond that, mpu Panuluh also wrote the kakawin Hariwangśa during Jayabaya, and it is also thought to compose Gațotkacāśraya during king Kertajaya (1194-1222 AD) of Kediri.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Several other kakawins of Mahabharata derivation which are also important to be called, among them are KŞņāyana (Triguna mpu work) and Bhomāntaka (unknown author) both from the time of the Kediri kingdom, and Pārthayajña (mpu Tanakung) in late Majapahit times.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Copies of ancient manuscripts written in lontar leaf sheets are also known to be stored in Bali.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

In addition, the literary masterpiece also flourishes and provides inspiration for various forms of culture and art of disclosure, especially in Java and Bali, ranging from sculpture and carving (relief) in temples, dance arts, painting to performance arts such as puppet skins and puppet people.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

In more recent times, the book of Bharatayuddha was copied by the Surakarta Yasadipura kraton pujangga into modern Javanese in about the 18th century.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

In the world of Indonesian popular literature, Mahabharata stories are also presented through comic form which makes the story widely known among the lay.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

One of the famous ones is the work of R. A. Kosasih.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

In the era of popular culture especially in the field of televisian, the story of the Mahabharata was aired by STAR Plus and antv under the title Mahabharat.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

These versions of the Mahabharata In India are found two major versions of the Mahabharata in Sanskrit that differ somewhat from each other.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Both versions are referred to by the terms “Northern Version” and “Southern Version”.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Usually the northern version is considered closer to the oldest version.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The list of books of Mahābhārata is an epic tale divided into eighteen books or often called Astadasaparwa.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The series of books tells the chronology of events in the Mahābhārata story, namely from the story of the ancestors of the Pandavas and Korawa (Yayati, Yadu, Puru, Kuru, Duswanta, Sakuntala, Bharata) until the story of the Pandavas receipt in heaven.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Text edits Between 1919 and 1966, experts at the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune, compared many manuscripts of this wiracarita that originated in India and outside India to published edits of critical texts from the Mahabharata.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

This edit of the text consists of 13,000 pages divided into 19 volumes.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Then this edit was followed by Harivaṃsa in 2 volumes and 6 volumes of the index.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

This text edit is commonly referred to for an example of the Mahabharata. [1]


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The story summary The background of the Mahabharata is a flashback story spoken by Resi Wesampayana for Maharaja Janamejaya who failed to hold a snake offering ceremony.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

In accordance with Janamejaya's plea, the story is the story of great kings who are in the lineage of Maharaja Yayati, Bharata, and Kuru, who are none other than the ancestors of Maharaja Janamejaya.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Later Kuru dethroned the kings of Hastinapura who became the main figures of the Mahabharata.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

They are Santanu, Chitrāngada, Wicitrawirya, Dretarastra, Pandu, Judistira, Parikesit and Janamejaya.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The Kings of Ancient India Mahabharata gave rise to the names of great kings of Ancient Indian times such as Bharata, Kuru, Parikesit (Parikshita), and Janamejaya.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The Mahabharata represents the great story of Bharata's lineage, and Bharata was one of the kings who brought down the main figures in the Mahabharata.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The story of Sang Bharata begins with King Duswanta's meeting with Sakuntala.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

King Duswanta was a great king of Chandrawangsa of Yayati descent, married Sakuntala of the hermitage of Bagawan Kanwa, then dethroned Sang Bharata, the legendary king.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The Bharata then conquered the mainland of Ancient India.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Once conquered, his territory of power was called Bharatawarsha meaning Maharaja Bharata's region of power (supposedly covering South Asia) [2].


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The Bharata dethroned Sang Hasti, who then established a government center called Hastinapura.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The Hasti brought down the Kings of Hastinapura.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

From the family, was born Sang Kuru, who controlled and sanctified a vast area called Kurukshetra (located in the state of Haryana, North India).


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The Kuru dethroned the Kuru Dynasty or Wangsa of Kaurawa.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

In the Dynasty, Pratipa was born, who fathered Prabu Santanu, ancestor of the Pandavas and Korawa.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Relatives of Wangsa Kaurawa (Kuru Dynasty) are Wangsa Yadawa, because both Wangsa are descended from the same ancestor, namely Maharaja Yayati, a knight of Wangsa Chandra or Soma Dynasty, descendants of Sang Pururawa.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

In the genealogy of Wangsa Yadawa, was born Prabu Basudewa, the King of the Kingdom of Surasena, later the son of Sang Kresna, who founded the Kingdom of Dwaraka.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The Kresna of Wangsa Yadawa is cousins with the Pandavas and Korawa of Wangsa Kaurawa.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Prabu Santanu and his descendant Prabu Santanu was a mahsyur king of the Sang Kuru lineage, originally from Hastinapura.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

He was married to Goddess Ganges who was cursed in order to descend into the world, but Goddess Ganges left him because Sang Prabu broke the marriage promise.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The relationship of Sang Prabu with Goddess Ganges had given the name Dewabrata or Bisma.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

After the abandonment of Goddess Ganges, finally Prabu Santanu became a widower.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

A few years later, Prabu Santanu continued his householder life by marrying Goddess Satyawati, a fisherman's daughter.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

From his relationship, the Prabu sons the Citrānggada and Wicitrawirya.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Citrānggada died at a young age in a battle, then he was succeeded by his younger brother Wicitrawirya.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Wicitrawirya also died at a young age and has not had a chance to have offspring.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

On the help of Resi Byasa, Wicitrawirya's two wives, namely Ambika and Ambalika, gave birth to respectively a son, their names Pandu (from Ambalika) and Dretarastra (from Ambika).


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Dretarastra was born blind, so the throne of Hastinapura was handed over to Pandu, his sister.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Pandu married Kunti then Pandu married for the second time to Madrim, but as a result of Pandu's mistake during the archery of an antelope, then the gazelle issued (Supata=Curse) that Pandu would not feel any more husband and wife relationship, and if he did, then Pandu will be invalidated.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The gazelle then dies by transforming into its original form of a priest.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Then because of such a bad event, Pandu then invited his two wives to beg Hyang Almighty to be given a child.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Then Batara guru sent Batara Dharma to fertilize Goddess Kunti so that the first child was born Judistira Then Batara Guru sent Batara Indra to fertilize Goddess Kunti shingga was born Harjuna, then Batara Bayu was sent also to fertilize Goddess Kunti so that Bima was born, and lastly, Batara Aswin was sent to fertilize the Goddess Madrim, and Nakula and Sadewa were born.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The five sons of Pandu are known as Pandavas.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The blind Dretarastra married Gandari, and had a hundred sons and a princess known as Korawa.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Pandu and Dretarastra have a youngest brother named Widura.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The Dretarastra, Pandu, and Widura families built the Mahabharata storyline.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Pandavas and Korawa Pandavas and Korawa are two groups of different nature but descended from the same ancestor, namely Kuru and Bharata.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Korawa (particularly Duryodana) are cunning and always envious of the advantages of the Pandavas, whereas the Pandavas are calm and always patient when oppressed by their cousins.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The father of the Korawans, namely Dretarastra, was very fond of his sons.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

This made him often incited by his brother-in-law, Sangkuni, along with his beloved son Duryodana, in order to allow him to do evil plans to get rid of the Pandavas.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

On one occasion, Duryodana invited Kunti and the Pandavas for a holiday.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

There they stay overnight in a house already provided by Duryodana.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

During the night, the house was set on fire.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

But the Pandavas were saved by Bima so that they did not burn alive in the house.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

After saving themselves, Pandavas and Kunti enter the forest.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

In the forest Bima met the rakshasa Hidimba and killed him, then married his sister, the rakshasi Hidimbi.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

From the marriage, Gatotkaca was born.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

After passing through jungle forest, the Pandavas pass through the Kingdom of Panchala.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

There news broke that King Drupada organized a contest for Goddess Dropadi.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Because followed the ceremony, but was rejected by Dropadi.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The Pandavas also participated in the ceremony, but they were dressed as brahmins.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The Pandavas joined the ceremony to win five kinds of sayembara, Judistira to win the philosophy and tatanegara ceremony, Arjuna to win the Arrow weapon, Bima won the Gada and Nakula - Sadewa to win the Sword weapon.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The Pandavas managed to do well to win the contest.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Dropadi must accept Pandavas as her husband because according to her promise who can win the ceremony she made it will be her husband despite deviating from her desire, which is actually what only a Satriya wants.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

After that, a fight broke out because the ladies grumbled because the brahmins were not supposed to follow the sayembara.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The Pandavas fight then escape. After arriving home, they said to their mother that they came to bring the results of asking for.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Their mother also told them to be divided equally for all brothers.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

However, how surprised he was to see that his children brought not only the results of asking for, but also a woman.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Inevitably, Dropadi married all five Pandavas.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The dice game In order not to take place a fierce battle, the Kuru Kingdom was divided in half to be divided to the Pandavas and Korawa.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Korawa ruled the mothership (central) Kuru Kingdom with the capital Hastinapura, while the Pandavas ruled the Kurujanggala Kingdom with the capital Indraprastha.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Both Hastinapura and Indraprastha had magnificent palaces, and it was there that Duryodana was splashed into a pool which he thought to be the floor, so that he became a material of ridicule for Dropadi.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

This made him grow angry with the Pandavas.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

In order to seize the wealth and kingdom of Judistira, Duryodana invited Judistira to play this dice on the idea of Sangkuni, this was done actually to deceive the Pandavas to invite Judistira to play dice with a bet.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Judistira who is fond of playing dice did not refuse the invitation and was willing to come to Hastinapura.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

At the time of the dice game, Duryodana is represented by Sangkuni as a dice croupier who has the ability to cheat.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The beginning of the war weapon betting game, the play bet continues to increase to the royal treasure bet, the next warrior is at stake, and until the top of the game Kingdom becomes a bet, the Pandavas lose all the treasures and the kingdom of the Pandavas including brothers are also at stake and the latter his wife Dropadi was made a bookmaker.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

In the event, because Dropadi already belongs to Duryodana, Dropadi's clothes were drawn by Dursasana because it had been Duryodana's treasure since Judistira lost the dice, but the effort did not succeed in undressing Dropadi, because every clothes opened under the clothes there were clothes again so continuously endless thanks to the occult help of Sri Kresna.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Because his wife was insulted, Bima vowed to kill Dursasana and drink his blood later.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

After saying the oath, Dretarastra felt that a catastrophe would befall his descendants, so he returned all the treasures of Judistira that were used as bets.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Duryodana who feels disappointed that Dretarastra has returned all the treasures that will actually belong to her, organizes a dice game for the second time.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

This time, who loses must exile himself to the forest for 12 years, after which he lives in disguise for a year, and after that has the right to return again to his kingdom.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

For the second time, Judistira followed the game and once again he lost.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Due to the defeat, the Pandavas were forced to leave their kingdom for 12 years and live in disguise for a year.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

After the period of exile was up and in accordance with a legitimate treaty, the Pandavas were entitled to take over the Duryodana-led kingdom.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Yet Duryodana is evil.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

He did not want to hand over the kingdom to the Pandavas, even though as wide as the tip of the needle.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

It left the patience of the Pandavas exhausted.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Peaceful missions were carried out by Sri Kresna, but many times failed.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Finally, the battle is inescapable.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The battle in Kurukshetra Pandavas attempted to find allies and he had the help of troops from Kekaya Kingdom, Matsya Kingdom, Pandya Kingdom, Chola Kingdom, Kerala Kingdom, Magadha Kingdom, Wangsa Yadawa, Dwaraka Kingdom, and many more.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

In addition the great knights in Bharatawarsha such as for example Drupada, Satyaki, Drestadyumna, Srikandi, Wirata, and others co-sided with the Pandavas.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Duryodana meanwhile asked Bisma to lead Korawa's forces as well as to appoint him as commander-in-chief of the Korawa forces.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Korawa was assisted by Resi Drona and his son Aswatama, the brother-in-law of the Korawans, Jayadrata, and teachers Krepa, Kretawarma, Salya, Sudaksina, Burisrawas, Bahlika, Sangkuni, Karna, and many more.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

The battle lasted for a full 18 days.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

In that battle, many knights were killed, such as Abhimanyu, Drona, Karna, Bisma, Gatotkaca, Irawan, King Wirata and his sons, Bhagadatta, Susharma, Sangkuni, and many more.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

For 18 days it was met by heartbreaking bloodshed and carnage.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

By the end of the eighteenth day, only ten knights survive the battle, they are: Five Pandavas, Yuyutsu, Satyaki, Aswatama, Krepa and Kretawarma.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Successor of Wangsa Kuru After the war ended, Judistira was crowned King of Hastinapura.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

After reigning for some time, he handed the throne to Arjuna's grandson, namely Parikesit.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Later, Judistira along with the Pandavas and Dropadi climbed the Himalayan mountain as the final destination of their journey.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

There they died and reached heaven.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Parikesit ruled the Kuru Kingdom fairly and wisely.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

He married Madrawati and had a son named Janamejaya.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Janamejaya marries Wapushtama (Bhamustiman) and has a son named Satanika.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Satanika is the son of Aswamedhadatta.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Aswamedhadatta and his descendants later led the Wangsa Kuru Kingdom in Hastinapura.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Pedigree genealogy of descendants of Maharaja Yayati Pedigree family Bharata Footnotes List of libraries.


Question: where did the Mahabharata come from?

Mahabharata

Outlinks - sites about Mahabharata Mahabharata Mahabharata Category:Wiracarita


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

Androgen, androgenic hormone or testoid, is a generic term for a natural or synthetic compound.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

Androgens are steroid hormones that stimulate or control the development and maintenance of male characteristics of vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors that are also supporters of male sex organ activity and growth of male secondary sex characteristics.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

Androgens were first discovered in 1936.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

Androgens are also the original anabolic steroids as well as the precursor of all female sex hormone estrogens.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

The main and most well-known androgen is testosterone, other less important androgens are dihydrotestosterone and androstenedione.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

Type A subset of androgens, adrenal androgen hormones, including one of the 19-carbon steroids synthesized by the adrenal cortex, the outermost part of the adrenal glands (the reticular zonules — the innermost region of the adrenal cortex), which serve as weak steroids or steroid precursors, include dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and androstenedione.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

In addition to testosterone, there are also other androgens such as: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA): a steroid hormone produced with cholesterol as an ingredient, and the adrenal cortex as its processing.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

These androgens are the main precursors of natural estrogens.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

DHEA may also be referred to as dehydroisoandrosterone or dehydroandrosterone.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

Androstenedione (Andro): an androgenic steroid produced by the testes, adrenal cortex, and ovaries.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

In addition to being metabolically altered to testosterone and other androgens, they also include the parent structure of estrone.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

Androstenedione can also be used as a supplement for humans when forming an athletic body however, it has been banned by the International Olympic Committee as well as other sports organizations.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

Androstenediol: a steroid metabolite that is believed to act as the main regulator of gonadotropin secretion.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

Androsterone: a chemical created during the breakdown of androgens from progesterone.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

These androgens are found in approximately equal amounts in the plasma and urine of men and women.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT): a metabolite of testosterone, and androgen is stronger than testosterone in its stronger binding to the androgen receptor.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

These androgens are generated in the adrenal cortex.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

Male Growth Function Testicle Formation When mammals grow, only gonads are capable of turning into ovaries or testicles in humans.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

Starting from the 4th week, the basics of the gonads present in the intermediate mesoderm adjacent to the kidneys develop.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

By the time of the 6th week, the epithelial sex corda developing within the testes forms and combines germ cells as they migrate into the gonads.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

In males, certain Y chromosome genes, especially SRY, control the development of male phenotypes, including formation from bipotential gonads to testes.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

Mesoderm-derived Androgen production of sex cord epithelial cells in the testes develops into Sertoli cells that will function to support sperm cell formation.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

A small population of non-epithelial cells appears between the tubules at the 8th week of human fetal development.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

This is what the Leydig cell is usually called.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

After splitting themselves, Leydig cells begin to produce androgens.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

Androgen effects of Androgens serve as paracrine hormones needed by Sertoli cells to support sperm production.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

They are also required to play a role in masculinization in the developing male fetus (including the penis and the formation of the scrotum).


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

Under the influence of androgens, the remains of the mesonephron, the Wolffii duct, develop into the epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicles.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

These events are also supported by hormones from Sertoli cells, MIH (Miillerii hormone inhibitor), which prevents embryonic Miillerii ducts from developing into fallopian tubes and other female reproductive organs in male embryos.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

MIH and androgens work together to maintain normal movement of the testes into the scrotum.


Question: What is the hormonal function of androgens in women?

Androgens

Category: Hormones Category:Steroids


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Cirebon City (Carakan:, Cirebon: Kita Cérbon) is one of the cities located in West Java Province, Indonesia.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The city is on the northern coast of Java Island or known as the pantura line that connects Jakarta-Cirebon-Semarang-Surabaya.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

In the beginning Cirebon comes from the word sarumban [1], Cirebon is a small hamlet built by Ki Gedeng Tapa.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Over time Cirebon developed into a bustling village which was then named Caruban [2] (carub in Cirebon means united padu).


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

It was named so because there mixed arrivals from various peoples including Sundanese, Javanese, Chinese, and cultural elements of the Arabs), religion, language, and customs. Then the pronunciation of the word caruban changed again to carbon and then cerbon.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Besides because the naming factor of the name of the word cirebon is also because since the beginning of the daily eye most of the people are fishermen, so develop the work of catching fish and rebon (small shrimp) along the coast, as well as making terasi, petis and salt.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

From the term used water making terasi or which in Cirebon is called (belendrang) made from the remaining processing of shrimp rebon this developed the designation cai-rebon (Sundanese: rebon water), which later became cirebon [3].


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The geography of Cirebon City is located on the North coast of Java Island, the eastern part of West Java, extending from west to east 8 kilometers, North to South 11 kilometers with an elevation of 5 meters sea level (including lowlands).


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Cirebon City can be reached by road as far as 130km from the direction of Bandung City and 258km from the direction of Jakarta.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Cirebon City is located in a strategic location and becomes a node of transportation movement between West Java and Central Java.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Its location in the beach area makes Cirebon City has a wider plain area compared to the hilly region.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The area of Cirebon City is 37.54 km2 with predominance of land use for housing (32%) and agricultural land (38%).


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Cirebon North Side Municipality area bounded by Kedung Pane River, West Bounded River Flood Canal, Cirebon Regency, South Side bounded Kalijaga River, East Side bounded Java Sea.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Most areas are low-lying areas with altitudes between 0-2000 s pl, while slope slopes between 0-40% where 0-3% are charateristic areas of cities, 3-25% transmission areas and 25-40% are periphery.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The city is traversed by several rivers including Kedung Pane River, Sukalila River, Kesunean River, and Kalijaga River.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The climate of Cirebon City includes tropical climates, The amount of rainfall is 1,351mm per year with 86 days rainy days.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Air humidity ranges from ± 48-93% with the highest air humidity occurring in January—March and the lowest figures occurring in June—August.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Average annual rainfall in the city of Cirebon ± 2260mm/year with the number of rainy days ± 155 days.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Based on the Schmidt-Ferguson climate classification, the climate in the city of Cirebon belongs to climate type C with a Q value of ± 37.5% (percentage between dry months and wet months).


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Musin rain falls in October—April, and the dry season falls in June—September.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Wind state there are three kinds of wind: West Season Wind: between December to March Wind Pancaroba: between April to November Wind East Season: between May to October Urban Panorama Etymology Cirebon known as Shrimp City [4] and Mayor City.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

In addition Cirebon city is also called Caruban Nagari (marker of Ceremai Mountain) [5] and Grage (Negeri Gede in Cirebon language means vast kingdom). [6]


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

As a cultural meeting area between the Javanese Tribes, Sundanese, Arabs, Chinese and the arrivals from Europe since several centuries ago, the people of Cirebon in plain language absorbed the vocabulary of these languages into Cirebon language. let's say, the word Murad which means composed ( uptake from Arabic), the word taocang meaning doggystyle (uptake from Chinese), as well as the word sonder meaning without (uptake from European languages), [7] [8] History According to the Manuscript Purwaka Caruban Nagari, in the 15th century on the coast of the Java Sea there was a small fishing village named Muara Jati.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

At that time there were many foreign ships coming to commerce with the locals.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The keeper of the port was Ki Gedeng Alang-Alang who was appointed by the ruler of the Kingdom of Galuh (Pajajaran).


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

And in this port it is also seen that Islamic activity is growing.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Ki Gedeng Alang-Alang moved the settlement place to the new settlement place in Lemahwungkuk, 5km south approaching the foothills towards the kingdom of Galuh.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

As the head of the new settlement was appointed Ki Gedeng Alang-Alang with the title Kuwu Cerbon.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

In the next development, Prince Walangsungsang, the son of Prabu Siliwangi was appointed as Duke of Cirebon with the title Cakrabumi.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

It was this prince who established the Kingdom of Cirebon, beginning with not sending tribute to King Galuh.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Therefore Raja Galuh sent a messenger to Cirebon to ask the tribute of rebon terasi to the Duke of Cirebon, but apparently the Duke of Cirebon managed to convince the envoys of the independence of the Cirebon region.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Thus the establishment of a new autonomous region in Cirebon with the Prince who served as a duke with the title of Cakrabuana.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The establishment of Cirebon area marked the beginning of the Islamic Kingdom of Cirebon with the port of Muara Jati whose activity developed until Southeast Asia. [9] then on January 7, 1681 Cirebon politically and economically was under the supervision of the VOC, after the ruler of Cirebon at that time signed an agreement with the VOC. [10]


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

In 1858, in Cirebon there were 5 retail stores two trading companies.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

In 1865, there were recorded sugar exports of 200,000 pickulan (quintals), and in 1868 there were three Batavian companies engaged in sugar trade opened branches in Cirebon.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

In 1877 Cirebon already had an ice factory.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

A drinking water pipe connecting artesian wells with housing was built in 1877 [11].


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

In the colonial period of the Dutch East Indies government, in 1906 Cirebon was passed into Gemeente Cheribon with an area of 1,100 ha and a population of 20,000 inhabitants (Stlb. 1906 No. 122 and Stlb 1926 No. 370).


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Later in 1942, Cirebon City was expanded to 2,450 ha and in 1957 its government status became a Township with an area of 3,300 ha, after being designated into a Municipality in 1965 the area became 3,600 ha.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

JMPL|zero kilometer point Cirebon city After Gemeente Cirebon status in 1906, the city was only led by a Burgermeester (mayor) in 1920 with its first mayor being J. H. Johan.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

It was then continued by R. A. Scotman in 1925.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

In 1926 the Gemeente Cirebon was upgraded its status by the Dutch East Indies government to stadgemeente, with wider autonomy to regulate the development of its city.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Subsequently in 1928 selected J. M. van Oostrom Soede as the next mayor.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

During the occupation period the Japanese army appointed Asikin Nataatmaja as Shitjo (mayor) who ruled between 1942-1943.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

It was then continued by Muhiran Suria until 1949, before being replaced by Prinata Kusuma.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

After the proclamation of Indonesian independence, the Cirebon City government sought to change the image of Cirebon City which had been formed during the Dutch colonial period with a new symbol and identity of the city, different from the previous where the city is known for its motto per aspera ad astra (from thistles thorns and mud towards the stars), later replaced with the motto used today.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

In 2010 based on a survey of perceptions of cities across Indonesia by Transparency International Indonesia (TII), this city was among the most corrupt cities in Indonesia along with Pekanbaru City, this is seen from Indonesia Corruption Perception Index (IPK-Indonesia) 2010 which is measuring the level of corruption of local governments in Indonesia, the city equally received a GPA score of 3.61, with an index range of 0 to 10.0 means perceived to be very corrupt, while 10 is very clean.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The total respondents interviewed in the survey conducted between May and October 2010 were 9237 respondents, consisting of businesspeople. [12] [13] List of Mayor of JMPL|Cirebon Mayor's Office Cirebon City List is currently led by Drs.Nasrudin Azis, SH to period 2013-2018 spent the remaining position after the death of Mayor of Cirebon Alm. Drs. H. Ano Sutrisno, MM. Here is a list of mayors of Cirebon since 1920: The Dutch Occupation Period held Burger Meester J. H. Johan (1920-1925) Roelof Adriaan Sc Hotman (1925-1928) Jan Marie van Gostrom Slede (1928-1933) Mr. H. E. Boissevain (1935) Mr. Carl Erich Eberhard Kuntze (1936-1938)) H. Scheffer (1939-1942) Japanese Occupation Period Holded SHITO Asikin Nataatmadja (1942-1943) Moeniran Soerianegara (1943-1949) Indonesian Independence Period Named Vice City Prinata Koesoema (1949-1950) Moestafa Soerjadi (1950-1954) Named Mayor of Hardian Kartaatmadja (1954-1957) Amidjaja (1957-1959) Moh.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Safei (1959-1960) RSA.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Prabowo (1960—1965) R. Sukardi (1965—1966) Tatang Suwardi (1966—1974) H. Aboeng Koesman (1974—1981) Drs. H. Achmad Endang (1981—1983) Drs. Moh. Decade (1983-1988) Drs. H. Kumaedhi Syafrudin (1988-1993) Drs. H. Kumaedhi Syafrudin (1993-1998) Drs. H. Lasmana Suriaatmadja (1998-2003) Subardi, S.Pd. (2003-2013) Drs. H. Ano Sutrisno, M.M. (2013-2015) Nasrudin Azis, SH (2015-2018) District Representative Council in Cirebon City is: Harjamukti Kejaksan Kesambi Lemahwungkuk Pekalipan Administrative Area of Cirebon City Government expanded 38,10km2, in 2014 it consisted of 5 sub-districts, 22 wards, 247 Pillars Residents (RW), and 1,352 Pillars Neighbors (RT).


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Harjamukti is the widest sub-district (47%), then successively Kesambi (22%), Lemahwungkuk (17%), Kejaksan (10%) and Pekalipan (4%).


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Civil Servants (civil servants) working in Cirebon City Government in 2015 reached 6,197 people.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Meanwhile, members of Parliament in Cirebon City in 2015 as many as 36 people, consisting of 26 men and 10 women.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The members of Parliament are divided into 9 factions, The most fraction members are PDIP faction with 7 members, Golkar faction 6 members, Nasdem Party faction 4 members, Gerindra Party faction 3 members, Democratic Party faction 3 members, PAN faction 3 members, PAN faction 3 members, PAN faction 3 members, Faction PKS 3, Hanura Party faction 3 and Frakis Arise Unity 3 members. [14]


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

According to the results of West Java Suseda Year 2010 the number of residents of Cirebon has reached the number of 298 thousand inhabitants.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

With a male population composition of about 145 thousand people and women about 153 thousand inhabitants, and sex ratio about 94.85 Cirebon City population spread over five districts, the sub-district that has the highest population density rate is Pekalipan District of 21.5 thousand souls/km², The second most populous is Kejaksan District 11.8 thousand inhabitants/km², then District Kesambi 8.8 thousand inhabitants/km², Lemahwungkuk District 8.45 thousand inhabitants/km², and the lowest density contained in Harjamukti District almost 5.48 thousand inhabitants/km².


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

At the end of 2014, the city of Cirebon had a population of 384,000 inhabitants, up from 300,434 inhabitants in 2012.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The city's PDRB per capita in 2012 amounted to Rp43.65 million (according to applicable prices) or Rp19.78 million (according to constant price 2000).


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

According to BPS Cirebon, in real terms the purchasing power of the population of this city in 2012 grew 5.2% compared to 2011.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

This growth has been monitored to rise steadily in the past four years.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Cirebon City Transportation is located in a strategic area, namely the meeting point of three major cities in Indonesia namely Jakarta, Bandung, and Semarang.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

All types of transportation, both land, sea, and air transport integrate with each other to support development in the city of Cirebon.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Cirebon City has two train stations, namely Cirebon Kejaksan Station and Prujakan Station.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Kejaksan Station is typical of Dutch colonial architecture, it serves almost all city destinations — other cities whether it's a big city or a small town on the island of Java.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Land transportation terminals in Cirebon City are large terminal Harjamukti, located on the road By Pass Cirebon City.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Cirebon Port is currently only used for transportation of coal and basic needs from other islands in Indonesia.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Cakrabuana Airport is an airport in Cirebon City is currently only used as a special airport for aviation and military schools.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

In this city there is still a typical Becak Cirebon as a means of transportation of people as well as a means for tours around the city.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Transportation and Communication According to the records of the Department of Kimpraswil Cirebon City, the length of the road in Cirebon City in 2009, recorded a length of 166,686km.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Of the length of the road, most (99%) is a road that has been paved which is 165,217km; and along 1,448km (1%) is a gravel road.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Judging from the road conditions, along 161,439km the condition is good, and about 4,141km moderate condition, and as much as 1.08km damaged condition, both heavily damaged and light.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The number of motorcycles, passenger cars, and freight cars tends to see year-over-year increases.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

In 2006 the number of motorcycles was recorded as 80,714 pieces and in 2008 the number increased to 109,961 pieces.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Activities at Cirebon sea port throughout 2006-2009 decreased from 1,809 ships docked in 2006 to 1,630 ships docked in 2009.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Of the number of ships 40 ships are a type of foreign voyage, as many as 1,488 ships are a type of domestic cruise ship, 132 ships are people's voyages.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The flow of goods based on trade in the port of Cirebon is dominated by the unloading of cargo between islands. Aviation traffic through Cirebon Pegung Airport increased from 899 aircraft in 2009 to 1,110 aircraft in 2010.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

In 2010 there was also an increase in the volume of aircraft departures, as in 2010 there were 1,117 aircraft departing from Pegung airport.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Passengers transported through Cirebon train station in 2009 have reached 683,912 people.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

June was the largest number of rail passengers reached 70,145 people, while the lowest occurred in February which reached 40,914 people.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Domestic mail delivery data through the post office. Recorded domestic mail delivery in 2009 recorded as many as 541,912 letters.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

For most types of mail delivery are still regular mail delivery, then special express mail delivery and express mail delivery. [15]


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The economy of Cirebon City is influenced by the strategic geographical location and characteristics of natural resources so that its economic structure is dominated by the processing industry sector, the trade sector, hotels and restaurants, the transportation and communication sector and the service sector.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Tomé Pires in his Suma Oriental around 1513 mentioned Cirebon is one of the trade centers in Java Island.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

After Cirebon was taken over by the Dutch East Indies government, in 1859, the port of Cirebon was designated as a transit of import-export goods and political control center for areas in the interior of Java.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Until 2001 the economic contribution to Cirebon City was processing industry (41.32%), followed by trade sector, hotels and restaurants (29.8%), transportation and communication sector (13.56%), services sector (6.06%).


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

While other sectors (9.26%) include mining, agriculture, building, electricity, and gas sectors averaging 2-3%.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

One form of business in the informal sector is street vendors, Cirebon City which is often subjected to urbanization has a fairly significant number of PKL every year.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

This phenomenon on the one hand is encouraging because it shows the dynamics of the grassroots economy, but on the other hand if it is not managed properly will cause serious problems in the order and spatial sector.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The multinational cigarette company, British American Tobacco (BAT), is one of the cigarette manufacturers that once established in Cirebon City.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

But in 2010, in order to streamline its production, relocated the factory in Cirebon City to Malang.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Cirebon City has 12 shop complexes, 13 plaza and mall buildings as well as 12 traditional markets.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Cirebon City has several shopping malls including Cirebon Mall Kota Tua (BAT) on Jalan Syarief Abdurahman, CSB Mall (Cirebon Super Block) located in the center of Cirebon City Jalan DR.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Cipto Mangunkusumo with an area of 6.2 ha, Grage Mall located on Jalan Soldier Student, Giant Hypermarket located around the Bima Stadium area Jalan Brigjen Dharsono (By-Pass), and around Jalan Rajawali, Plaza Yogya Siliwangi on Jalan Siliwangi, Plaza Yogya Grand Center on Jalan Karanggetas, Cirebon Wholesale Center (PGC), Asia Plaza, Surya Plaza, Carrefour SuperStore Jl. Cipto, Gunung Sari Trade Center (GTC), Balong Indah Plaza, Grage City Mall and Plaza Index “Ace Hardware”. [16]


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

In the first quarter of 2010, Cirebon City experienced the highest inflation rate compared to other cities in West Java.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The driving factors for the increase in the rate of inflation came mainly from transport, communication and services, finance and education, tourism, and sports groups.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Cirebon City transport group experienced a fairly high inflation rate due to the increase in nonsubsidized fuel prices and financial services tariffs.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Meanwhile, the rate of courses/training in Cirebon City is relatively high compared to other cities, thereby driving the high inflation of education groups.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Finance and Prices In fiscal year 2007 receipts reached 510.2 billion rupiah, while in fiscal year 2010 it increased to 758.7 billion rupiah.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The largest receipt post is still obtained from the Balance Fund part of 489.3 billion rupiah or about 64.5 percent of all regional receipts, the second largest receipt comes from the Native Revenue Section of the Region which is 115.2 billion rupiah or 15.2 percent of all reception area.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The size of this Balance Fund, mainly a contribution from the general allocation fund (DAU) to the local government of Cirebon City which in 2010 amounted to 412 billion rupiah or 84.2 percent of total receipts.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

In fiscal year 2010, for the realization of indirect spending and direct spending, recorded indirect spending of 419.4 billion rupiah and direct spending amounting to 350.7 billion rupiah.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Of the number of indirect spending, the biggest financial use is for employee spending posts amounting to 347 billion rupiah.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Meanwhile for direct spending, the largest post was for goods and services spending which amounted to 118.2 billion.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The number of Cooperatives in the city of Cirebon in 2010 as many as 244 cooperatives with active members as many as 29,089 people.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The number decreased from the previous year, which recorded 271 cooperatives. [18]


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Electricity General Services in addition to support economic activities such as industry, also to improve the welfare of the population by making the population ease of activity.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

From the electricity data presented, the number of electricity users reached customers in 2010, with details of approximately 89.04 percent were household customers (R) and 7.73 percent business customers (B), social tariff class customers (S) about 2.05 percent.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Industrial customers are just 0.16 per cent.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Installed power in 2008 amounted to 133,655,500 KVA. [19]


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Drinking Water The source of drinking water is very important for a city such as Cirebon City which is part of its area bordered by the beach, which tends to most of its water sources not fit for drinking water.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Therefore, the availability of water by taps becomes very important.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Water production by PDAM Cirebon City, in the period 2006- 2009 the amount of drinking water production tends to fluctuate, in 2006 water production reached 23,425,965 m3, then to 26,245,072 m3 (2007) and dropped in 2008 to 25,432,691 m3, and rose back to 25,455,687 m3 in year 2008.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

For piped water in 2009 it reached 18,682,035 m3.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

With details, drinking water distributed to households amounted to 13,554,294 m3; hotels, attractions and industries amounted to 2,552,822 m3; Social Bodys/Hospitals amounted to 733,357 m3.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The value of drinking water sales in 2009 reached 27,994 million rupiah, a decrease of 2.07 percent compared with 2008.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The largest sales value resulted from sales to household customers with a value of 17.793 million rupiah or 63.56 percent of total sales. [20]


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Almost 93% of the population has been served by clean water services from PDAM Cirebon, the majority of clean water customers in this city are households (90.37% or as many as 59,006) of the total number of existing connections (65,287). [21]


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Since the Dutch East Indies government, Cirebon has had a hospital called Oranje, which inaugurated its use on August 31, 1921 and started operating since September 1, 1921.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

In 2009 in Cirebon City there have been available about 6 public hospitals, 4 maternity hospitals, 21 health centers, 15 Health centers, 20 Mobile Health Centers, and 85 Pharmacies, and 31 Drug Stores.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

With the number of medical personnel such as specialist doctors about 94 people, and 118 general practitioners, 45 dentists, 847 nurses, and 278 midwives. [22]


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Education Colombia Institute of Islamic Studies Fahmina (ISIF) Cirebon College of Technology (STTC) Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati High School of Economics (STIE) Cirebon Cirebon Institute of Computer (CIC) IAIN Sheikh Nurjati Cirebon University 17 August 1945 Cirebon (UNTAG) STMIK IKMI Cirebon STIKOM Poltek Cirebon Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon STMIK Catur Insan Cendekia Cirebon Academy of Chess Trade Insan Cendekia Cirebon Stikes Mahardika Cirebon (STIKMA) Nursing Academy (akper) Dharma Husada cirebon Midwifery Academy (akbid) Isma Husada cirebon WIT Institute Cirebon Akademic Maritime Of Cirebon LP3I Business College Telkom PDC State Health Polytechnic Tasikmalaya Cirebon Tourism As one of the tourist destinations in West Java, Cirebon City offers many charms ranging from historical tourism about the glory of the Islamic kingdom, the story of the trustees, Sunan Tomb Complex Mount Jati on Mount Sembung about 15km to the west of the city center, the Great Mosque of Sang Cipta Rasa, Mosque At Taqwa, ancient temples, and relic buildings of the Dutch era.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The city also provides various culinary specialties of Cirebon, and there are rattan crafts and batik centers.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Cirebon there is a palace at the same time in the city, namely Kasepuhan Palace and Kanoman Palace.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

They all have a combined architecture of elements of Islamic, Chinese, and Dutch culture.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The characteristic of the palace building always faces north and there is a mosque near it.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Each palace has a square as a gathering place, market and tiger statue in the park or front yard as a symbol of Prabu Siliwangi, the central figure of the formation of the kingdom Cirebon.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Another feature is the original Chinese porcelain plate that is finished decorating the walls.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Some plates are said to have been obtained from Europe when Cirebon became the central port of the trade of Java Island.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Cirebon City has several park areas including Sunyaragi Water Park and Ade Irma Suryani Park.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Sunyaragi Water Park has advanced water flow technology in its time, water flows between the terraces where the king's daughters lay, green lawns where knights practice, plus special towers and rooms whose doors are made of water curtains.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

While some of the typical cuisines of this city as part of culinary tourism include: Sega Jamblang, Sega lengko, Empal gentong, Docang, Tahu gejrot, Crackers Melarat, Mendoan, Satay beber, Mi koclok, Empal asem, Nasi goreng Cirebon, Ketoprak Cirebon, Chicken porridge Cirebon, Shrimp Crackers and forth.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Places worth visiting Kasepuhan Palace Kanoman Kacirebonan Water Park Sunyaragi Great Mosque Sang Cipta Rasa Masjid Panjunan Arts and culture inherent in the people of Cirebon City is a blend of various cultures that come and form the distinctive characteristics individually.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

This can be seen from some typical performances of Cirebon people including Tarling, Dance Mask Cirebon, Sintren, Art Gembyung and Sandiwara Cirebonan.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The city also has several handicrafts including Cirebon Mask, Glass Painting, Rattan Flowers and Batik.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

One of the characteristics of batik from Cirebon that is not encountered elsewhere is the motif of Mega Menawan, which is a motif shaped like a clotted cloud that usually forms a frame in the main image.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Mega Mendung motif is the creation of Prince Cakrabuana (1452-1479), which until now is still often used.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The motive is obtained from the influence of the keratons in Cirebon.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Because at first, Cirebon batik art was only known among the palace.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Now dicirebon, batik motif mega overcast has been widely used in various circles.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

In addition, there are also batik motifs adapted to the characteristics of the coastal population. [25]


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

The press and media of Cirebon City since the Dutch East Indies government has been the center of publishing several newspapers, among them Ra'jat Interests, Poesaka Tjirebon, Koemandang Masjarakat.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

After Indonesian independence came Repoeblik.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Currently some newspapers are still published include: Radar Cirebon and Cirebon Newspaper. [26]


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Dawn Cirebon.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

All national television media has currently been broadcast in Cirebon.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

In addition there are several local television stations such as CIREBON TV, Citra Nusantara Television (CITV) and Radar Cirebon Television (RCTV).


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Cirebon City has 17 radio stations, among them: Cirebon Radio 89.2 FM DAIRI 87.6 FM Ci Radio 90.2 FM Radio Sympathy FM 88.3 Kita FM 105.6 Prima Sonata FM Radio Assunnah FM 92.3 DB Radio 90.8 Pilaradio 88.6 RRI Pro 1 FM 94.8 RRI Pro 2 FM 97.5 RRI Pro 4 FM 93.7 MNC Trijaya FM Cirebon 96.5 FM Nuance FM 104.2 Gita Sound FM 99.1 Swara Mulya Afrindo Rekatama FM 95.9 Ramanda 92.9 FM Sindang Kasih 103.6 FM Malala Radio 105.2 FM Sound Gratia 95.9 FM Putera Region Colombia Affandi Hasan Alwi Irish Bella Pitrajaya Burnama Rokhmin Dahuri Chitra Dewi Willem Anton Victor Brecht Aristide Honig van den Bossche Saira Jihan Mohamad Kusnaeni Olaf J. De Landell Dirk Theodoor Uden Masman Yogie Suardi Memet Ronald Anton Meyer Djoko Munandar Arifin C. Noer Cecep Reza Norbertus Riantiarno Willem Nicolaas Rose Hans Stam Kaboel Suadi Catherine Surya rawidjaja Ricky Karanda Suwardi Jos Verdier Hans Vernes Nani Widjaja Nining Indra Shaleh Candra Wijaya Rendra Wijaya Dewi Yull Helmy Faishal Zaini Muhammad Zuhal Affandi is a painter known as the Maestro of Indonesian Painting Arts.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Muhammad Zuhal is a former Minister of State for Investment of Indonesia, and former Director of PLN.


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Culinary gallery Tofu Gejrot, fried tofu with stewed beef Ulus sauce, Sega Jamblang's “Empal Gentong Soup” (“Nasi Jamblang”), dishes to accompany rice served in Sega Lengko teak leaves (“Nasi Lengko [27]”), vegetarian rice with tofu and bean sprouts Tempe mendoan, tempeh coated dough fried Intip (sweet snacks from rice) Mlarat crackers (literally “poor crackers”).


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Chips made from tapioca flour and fried in hot sand (not oil).


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Large-sized emping (crackers from melinjo) Siroop Tjampolay legendary drink from Cirebon, First made by Tan Tjek Tjiu on July 11, 1936. [28]


Question: When does the Bodybuilding Foundation stand up?

Cirebon City

Es doger is a typical drink derived from Cirebon Referral Notes See also Bom Cirebon 2011 Cirebon Regency Cirebon Orang Cirebon Outlinks (in Indonesian) (in Indonesian) (in Indonesian) Cirebon Category:Sundanese Geography Category:Cirebon


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The Trunajaya Rebellion (or Trunajaya War, also spelled Trunojoyo Rebellion) was a rebellion carried out by Madura nobleman Raden Trunajaya and his allied forces from Makassar against the Mataram Sultanate aided by the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) in Java in the decade 1670s, and ended with the victory of Mataram and the VOC.


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

This war began with the victory of the rebels: Trunajaya forces defeated the royal forces in Gedogog (1676), then managed to occupy almost the entire north coast of Java and captured Mataram palace at Plered Palace (1677).


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

King Amangkurat I died while fleeing from the palace.


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

He was succeeded by his son, Amangkurat II who appealed to the VOC for help and promised payment in the form of money and territory.


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The involvement of the VOC managed to reverse the situation.


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

VOC and Mataram forces recaptured occupied areas of Mataram, and captured Trunajaya's capital at Kediri (1678).


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The rebellion continued to last until Trunajaya was captured by the VOC in late 1679, and also the defeat, death or surrender of another leader of the rebellion (1679—1680).


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Trunajaya became a captive of the VOC, but was killed by AmangKuratii during the king's visit in 1680.


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

In addition to Trunajaya and his allies, AmangKuratii also faced other attempts to usurp the Mataram throne after his father's death.


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The most serious rival was his younger brother, Prince Puger (later Pakubuwana I) who seized the Plered Palace after the Trunajaya forces abandoned in 1677 and only surrendered in 1681.


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The background of Amangkurat I ascended the throne of Mataram in 1646, succeeding Sultan Agung, who had expanded Mataram's territory to cover most of Central and East Java, as well as several across the ocean vasals in southern Sumatra and Borneo. [8]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The early years of Amangkurat's rule were marked by executions and massacres against his political enemies.


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

In response to the failed coup attempt of his brother Prince Alit, he ordered a massacre against clerics whom he believed were involved in the Alit rebellion. [9]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Alit himself was killed in the failed coup. [9]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

In 1659 Amangkurat suspected Prince Pekik, his father-in-law and son of the conquered Duke of Surabaya who lived in Mataram palace after Surabaya's defeat, leading a conspiracy to threaten his life. [10]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

He ordered to kill Pekik and his relatives. [10]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The massacre of the most important East Javanese knighthood created a rift between Amangkurat and the East Java warriors and led to conflict with his son, the crown prince (later Amangkurat II), who was also Pekik's grandson. [10]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Over the following few years, Amangkurat committed a number of other murders against members of the nobility who had lost their trust. [10]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Raden Trunajaya (also spelled Trunojoyo) was a descendant of the ruler of Madura, who was forced to live in the palace of Mataram after the defeat and attainment by Mataram in 1624. [11]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

After his father was executed by AmangKurati in 1656, he left the palace, moved to Kajoran, and married the daughter of Raden Kajoran, the head of the ruling family there. [12] [11] The Kajoran family is an ancient clerical family and tied marriage to the royal family. [12]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Raden Kajoran was alarmed by the brutality of AmangKurati's reign, including the execution of nobles at the palace. [11]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

In 1670, Kajoran introduced his son-in-law, Trunajaya to the crown prince, who had just been expelled by the king due to scandal, and the two forged a friendship which included a mutual dislike of Amangkurat. [11]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

In 1671 Trunajaya returned to Madura, where he took advantage of the crown prince's support to defeat the local governor and become ruler of Madura. [13]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Makassar is a major trading hub in the east of Java. [13]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

After the VOC's 1669 victory over the Gowa Sultanate in the Makassar War, a group of Makassar warriors left Makassar to seek fortune elsewhere. [13]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Initially, they settled in the territory of the Sultanate of Banten, but in 1674 they were expelled, and turned to piracy, reshuffling coastal cities in Java and Nusa Tenggara. [13]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The crown prince of Mataram then allowed them to settle in Demung, a village in Tapal Kuda, East Java. [13]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

In 1675 an additional group of Makassar fighters and pirates arrived in Demung led by Karaeng Galesong. [13]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

These Makassar wandering fighters would later join the rebellion as allies of Trunajaya. [12]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The troops were involved Because it had no permanent army, most of the Mataram forces were drawn from the army built by the vasal kings, who also provided weapons and supplies. [14] [15] The majority of the soldiers were peasants required by the local rulers (Javanese: sikep dalem). [15]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

In addition, the army included a small number of professional soldiers drawn from the palace guards. [14]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

These soldiers used cannons, small firearms including syringe rifles (Javanese: rifles, from Dutch snaphaens) and carbines, cavalry, and fortifications. [16]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Historian M. C. Ricklefs says the transfer of European military technology to the Javanese was “quite urgent”, with gunpowder and weapons made in Java at least by 1620. [15]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Europeans were employed to train Javanese army troops in arms handling, military leadership skills, and construction techniques, [15] but, despite this training, the conscripted peasants of the Javanese army often lacked discipline and fled during battle. [ 17] [18] Mataram forces numbered “much larger” than the rebels numbering 9,000 at Gegodog in September 1676, [1] falling to only a “small entourage” after the fall of the capital in June 1677, [19] and increasing to over 13,000 as it moved towards Trunajaya's capital at Kediri as late as 1678. [2]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The VOC has its own professional army. [15]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Each VOC soldier has a sword, light weapons, bullets, carrying pockets and belts, smoke bombs, and grenades. [15]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The majority of VOC permanent soldiers were Indonesians, with a small number of European servicemen and marines, all under the command of European officers. [20]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

While in a technological sense, VOC forces were not superior to their indigenous counterparts, [16] they generally had better training, discipline, and equipment than indigenous Indonesian soldiers. [15]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The VOC forces also differed in terms of logistics: the troops moved step by step followed by a long caravan of carts carrying supplies. [16]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

This gave them an advantage over Javanese troops, who often survived by collecting or stealing food while traveling through the countryside and often faced supply shortages. [16]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

VOC forces numbered 1,500 in 1676, [21] but were later augmented by Bugis allies under the leadership of Arung Palakka.


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The first troupe of 1,500 Bugis arrived in Java in late 1678, [5] and as of 1679 there were 6,000 Bugis warriors in Java. [6]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

In common with other wars, Trunajaya's army and its allies also used cannons, cavalry, and fortresses. [16]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

When the VOC captured Surabaya from Trunajaya in May 1677, Trunajaya escaped with twenty of his cannons, and left behind 69 iron cannons and 34 bronze cannons. [22]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Trunajaya forces consist of Javanese, Maduranese, and Makassar. [1]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

When the rebels overran Java in 1676, they numbered 9,000 [1] and consisted of the followers of Trunajaya and the Makassar fighters.


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Later, the revolt was followed by other Javanese and Madura nobles.


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Notably, the ruler of Giri, one of the most prominent Islamic spiritual rulers in Java, joined in early 1676. [23]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Trunajaya's father-in-law, Raden Kajoran, head of an influential Kajoran family, joined after Trunajaya's victory at Gegodog in September 1676, [24] and Trunajaya's uncle, Prince Sampang (later Cakraningrat II) joined after the fall of the capital Mataram in June 1677. [25]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The military campaign The beginning and early rebel victory of the Rebellion began with a series of attacks from Makassar pirates based in Demung against trading towns on the northern coast of Java. [26]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The first attack took place in 1674 at Gresik but was repulsed. [26]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Trunajaya entered into a pact and marriage alliance with Karaeng Galesong, the leader of the Makassarese people, in 1675 and planned further assaults.


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

In the same year, the pirates of the Makassar-Madura people seized and burned the main cities in northeastern Java, from Pajarakan to Surabaya and Gresik. [26]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

In view of the failure of the loyalist forces against the rebels, King Amangkurat I appointed a military governor in Jepara, the provincial capital on the northern coast, and strengthened the city. [26]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The Mataram forces moving on Demung were defeated, and combined action by Mataram and VOC ships on beaches overrun by pirates was not always successful. [26]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Karaeng Galesong moved to Madura, a region from his ally, Trunajaya.


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

In 1676 Trunajaya bestowed upon himself the title of Panembahan (Ruler) of Maduretna and had the support of the sunan (spiritual ruler) of Giri, near Gresik.


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

A VOC fleet attack later destroyed the pirates' base at Demung, but they launched no action against Trunajaya in Madura. [27]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Battle of Gegodog In September 1676, a 9,000-strong rebel army [1] led by Karaeng Galesong crossed from Madura into Java and then captured Surabaya, the main city of East Java. [28]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Mataram sent a large army, commanded by the crown prince (later Amangkurat II to meet the rebels. [28]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

A battle took place at Gegodog, east of Tuban, in 1676, resulting in the total defeat of a much larger Mataram force. [28] [29] Loyalist soldiers were deployed, the king's uncle, Prince Purbaya was killed, and the crown prince fled to Mataram. [28]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The crown prince was blamed for this defeat because of his long indecision before attacking the rebels. [28]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

In addition, there are rumors that he colluded with enemies, including his former follower, Trunajaya. [28]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Within months of the victory in Gegodog, the rebels quickly captured trading towns in the north of Java, ranging from Surabaya to the west in Cirebon, including the cities of Kudus and Demak. [28]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The cities fell easily, partly because their strongholds had been destroyed due to their conquest by Sultan Agung of Mataram some 50 years earlier. [28]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Only Jepara managed to withstand the attack, due to the combined efforts of the new military governor and the new VOC forces reinforcing the city just in time. [28]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The rebellion spread inland when Raden Kajoran, Trunajaya's influential father-in-law centered east of the capital city of Mataram, joined the rebellion. [24]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Kajoran and Trunajaya forces moved towards the capital, but were repulsed by loyalist forces. [24]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

VOC intervention and fall of Mataram's capital Battle of Surabaya In response to a request for intervention by Mataram, the VOC sent a large fleet containing Indonesian and European troops, commanded by Admiral Cornelis Speelman. [24]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

In April 1677 the fleet sailed to Surabaya, where Trunajaya base. [24]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

After negotiations failed, Speelman's forces stormed Surabaya and seized it after fierce fighting. [30]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The forces continued to clear the rebels from the area around Surabaya. [30]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

VOC forces also captured Madura, Trunajaya's home island, and destroyed his residence there. [31]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Trunajaya fled to Surabaya and established his capital at Kediri. [30]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

Fall of Plered Although the rebels were defeated in Surabaya, rebel forces campaigning in the interior of Central and East Java were more successful.


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The rebel military campaign reached its peak in the fall of the capital city of Plered in June 1677. [31]


Question: What is the Trunajaya Rebellion?

Trunajaya Rebellion

The king was in ill condition, and distrust among the royal princes precluded well-planned resistance. [31]