Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Some of them are: Kekeya Kingdom, Pandya Kingdom, Chola Kingdom, Kerala Kingdom, Magadha Kingdom, and many more.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Korawa Duryodana's side asked Bisma to lead Korawa's forces.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bisma accepted him with the feeling that when he fought sincerely, he would not bear to hurt the Pandavas.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bisma also did not want to fight on Karna's side and would not allow him to attack the Pandavas without an aba-aba from him.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bisma also did not want him and Karna to attack the Pandavas at the same time as the other Korawa knights.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

He did not want the assault simultaneously carried out by Karna on the grounds that Karna's caste was inferior to his caste.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

After all, Duryodana oversaw Bisma's state and appointed him as the commander-in-chief of the Korawa army.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The troops were divided into eleven divisions.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The hundred Korawans were led by Duryodana himself along with his younger brother — Dursasana, the second son of Dretarastra, and in the battle Korawa was assisted by Drona and his son Aswatama, the brother-in-law of the Korawans — Jayadrata, and their teacher — Krepa.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

In addition, also Kertawarma from Wangsa Yadawa, Salya of Madra, Sudaksina of Cambodia, Burisrawa son of Somadatta, King Bahlika, Sangkuni of Gandhara, Wrehadbala King Kosala, Winda and Anuwinda of Awanti, and many more knights and kings who sided with Korawa for Hastinapura's sake nor Dretarastra.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The neutral party of the Kingdom of Widarbha and its king, King Rukmi, rightfully Kresna's elder brother, Balarama, were neutral parties in the war.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Troop divisions and weaponry Each side has a large number of troops.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The forces were divided into aksohini (divisions).


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Each aksohini amounted to 218,700 warriors consisting of: 21,870 horse-drawn troops 21,870 troops of elephants 65,610 horsemen troops 109,350 land soldiers (infantry) The ratio of their number is 1:1:3:5.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The Pandavas forces had 7 divisions, with a total troop of 1,530,900 warriors.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Korawa's forces had 11 divisions, with a total troop of 2,405,700 warriors.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The total of all troops involved in the war was 3,936,600 people.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The number of troops involved in the war is very large, because the divisions of the two sides are combined with divisions of other royal forces throughout mainland India.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Weapons used in the war in Kurukshetra are ancient and primitive weapons, for example: arrows, spears, swords, cleavers, battleaxes, mace, and so on.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Prominent knights such as Arjuna, Bisma, Karna, Aswatama, Drona, and Abhimanyu, chose the crossbow weapon because it suited their skills.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bima and Duryodana choose a mace weapon to fight.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Despite this, it is not forever that the knight uses only one type of weapon.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Sometimes, Bima uses an arrow, while Abhimanyu uses a sword.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Military formations Military formations are important to achieve victory in warfare.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

With good and perfect formation, then the enemy is also easier to conquer.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

There are several military formations mentioned in the Mahabharata, each having its own advantages and disadvantages.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Some kinds of military formations are as follows: Krauncabyuha (stork formation) Cakrabyuha (disc formation/circular) Kurmabyuha (turtle formation) Makarabyuha (crocodile formation) Trisulabyuha (trident formation) Sarpabyuha (snake formation) Kamalabyuha or Padmabyuha (lotus formation) Difficult indicates exactly the meaning of the names of such formations.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The name of the formation may indicate that an army chose a particular shape (such as an eagle, heron, etc.) as a formation, or it may be that the name of a formation means that their strategy is similar to a certain animal/thing.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Rule of war The two supreme leaders from both sides met and made “regulations on ethical treatment” (Dharmayuddha) as the rules of war.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The regulations are as follows: Battles must begin after sunrise and must be stopped immediately at sunset.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

One-on-one battle; must not gang up on soldiers who are alone.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Two knights may battle personally if they have the same weapon or ride the same vehicle (horse, elephant, or chariot).


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

It is not permissible to kill soldiers who surrender themselves


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

A person who gives themselves up must be a prisoner of war or a slave.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

It is not permissible to kill or injure unarmed soldiers.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

It must not kill or injure a soldier who is in an unconscious state.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

It is not permissible to kill or injure a person or animal that does not participate in war


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

It is not allowed to kill or injure a soldier from behind.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

It is not allowed to attack women.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

It is not permissible to attack animals that are not considered a direct threat.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Special regulations made for each weapon must be followed.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

For example, it is forbidden to hit the waist down at the time of the fight using mace.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

After all, the knights should not promise to fight fraudulently.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Although the rules of war have been agreed, many warriors and knights from both sides have violated it, and it is not uncommon for them to do so.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The course of the battle of the Battle lasted for 18 days.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The battle takes place at the moment when the sun comes up and must end immediately by the time the sun sets.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Both sides fight on the plain of Kurukshetra and every day there is a fierce and impressive ongoing battle.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

In every fight that takes place in those 18 days, the knight who is not killed and manages to defend his life is the victor because the battle is a battle to the death.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Who survives and manages to annihilate his opponents, he is the winner.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Sometime before the war On the day of the first battle, as well as in the following days, the troops of the Korawans marched to face west while the troops of the Pandavas marched to face east.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Korawa's army formed a formation like an eagle: an army of elephants as its body; an army of Kings and knights in the front row as its head; and an army of horsemen as its wings.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

In war affairs, Bisma consulted with the commander-in-chief Drona, Bahlika and Krepa.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The Pandavas forces were arranged by Judistira and Arjuna in order to form a “Bajra formation”.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Since the Pandavas forces were smaller than the Korawa forces, so the strategy of fighting was made to allow a small army to attack a large army.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

As per Pandavas strategy, archer troops would shower the enemy with arrows from behind the front line troops.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Frontline troops use short-range direct weapons such as: mace, sword, axe, spear, etc.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Korawa's forces consisted of eleven divisions under Bisma's command.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The ten divisions of Korawa's troops formed a very great line, while the eleventh division was still under aba-aba directly from Bisma, and part of the division protected it from direct attack because Bisma was very useful and was a hope to win.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

After agreeing with each other's formations and strategies, the troops of both sides lined up neatly.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Duryodana was optimistic about seeing Korawa's forces as having tough knights equal to Bima and Arjuna.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

However there were other figures equal to them such as Yuyudana (Satyaki), Wirata, and Drupada whom he regarded as obstacle stones in reaching kajayaan in battle.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

He was also optimistic because knights who were very expert in the military field, namely Bisma, Karna, Kertawarma, Wikarna, Burisrawa, and Krepa, were on his side.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

In addition great kings such as Yudhamanyu and the mighty Uttamauja also participated in the battle as destroyers for his enemies.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bisma, with followed by the Kings and knights from both sides blowing their “trumpets” (clam trumpets) a sign the battle was about to begin.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

When the trumpet had been blown and the two armies had come face to face, getting ready for battle, Arjuna told Kresna, the spiritual master and coachman of his chariot, to drive his chariot towards the middle of the field of battle so that he could see, who was ready for battle and who should be he faced.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Suddenly Arjuna is stricken with a feeling of fear of the annihilation of Bharata, a descendant of Kuru, his ancestor.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Arjuna is also stricken with anxiety about continuing the fight or not.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

He saw his beloved grandfather, together with his teacher, uncle, cousin, sister-in-law, in-law, and playmate during childhood, all now in Kurukshetra, having to fight with him and kill each other.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Arjuna felt weak and did not bear to do so.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Stricken by inner upheaval, between which one is a religious teaching, which is right and which is wrong, Arjuna asks Kresna who knows well all the teachings of religion.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Kresna, who chose to be the coachman of Arjuna's chariot, explains at length the teachings of the lordship and the obligations of a knight, in order to distinguish between good and wrong.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The teachings were later summarized into a very famous book of philosophy named Bhagawadgita.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

In the Bhagawadgita, Kresna tells Arjuna not to hesitate in performing his obligations as a knight who is on the right track.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

He also reminds that Arjuna's obligation is to kill anyone who wants to defeat virtue with evil.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Then Sri Kresna showed his proper form to Arjuna, so that Arjuna knew who he truly was so that all doubts in his heart were overridden.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

In the form of the universe, he convinced Arjuna that most of the mighty knights on both sides had been destroyed, and those who survived were only a few, so without hesitation Arjuna had to fight.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Before the battle began, Judistira did something surprising.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Suddenly he put down the weapon, removed the harness, got off the carriage and walked towards the Korawa army with a hand like praying.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The Pandavas and the Korawans did not believe what he was doing, and they thought that Judistira had given up even before the arrow had shot.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

It turned out that Judistira didn't give up.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

With a sacred heart Judistira worshipped Bisma and begged for blessings for success.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bisma, grandfather of the Pandavas and Korawa, blessed Judistira.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Afterwards, Judistira again boarded his chariot and the battle was ready to begin.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The first day After the assault gesture was announced, both sides advanced with complete firepower.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Korawa troop divisions and divisions of Pandavas troops massacred each other.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bisma advanced attacking the Pandavas army and destroying anything that stood in his way.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Abhimanyu the son of Arjuna saw this and told his uncles to be careful.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

He himself tried to attack Bisma and his bodyguards, but the efforts of the Pandavas knights were unsuccessful.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

They accepted defeat.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

King Wirata's son — North — advanced to face Salya Raja Madra.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

It was the North that boarded the war elephant, trying to knock out Salya's war chariot.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

After his train was crippled, Salya launched his throw guns towards the North.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The weapon penetrated the Northern armor.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Later, Salya attacks the North's elephant mounts with his arrows.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

North and his elephants fell instantly.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

After the North fell, Sweta went berserk.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

With lust killing, he pursues Salya.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The Korawa knights who realized it soon protected Salya, but none were able to overcome Sweta's anger.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Eventually Bisma intervened.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

With a special weapon, he archers Sweta so that the knight falls instantly.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The incompetence of the Pandavas against Bisma, as well as the deaths of North and Sweta on the first day, made Judistira a pessimist.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

But Sri Kresna said that the real victory would be on the side of the Pandavas.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Day two On the second day, Arjuna determined to reverse the circumstances acquired on the first day.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Arjuna tried to attack Bisma and kill him, but Korawa's men marched around Bisma and protected him with all their might thereby entangling Arjuna.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Korawa's forces attacked Arjuna who was about to kill Bisma.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The two sides slaughtered each other, and most of the Korawa forces fell in Arjuna's hands.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

After sweeping Korawa's entire army, Arjuna and Bisma engage in a fierce duel.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Meanwhile Drona attacked Drestadyumna tubi and broke his arrow many times.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bima who saw the situation greeted Drestadyumna and saved his life.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Duryodana sent a relief force from the kingdom of Kalinga to attack Bima, but the attack from Duryodana was unsuccessful and his army fell all out.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Satyaki who allied with the Pandavas archery coachman Bisma chariot until he died.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Without the coachman, Bisma's horse escaped chariot away from the field.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

At the end of the second day, Korawa's side received a defeat.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Third day On the third day, Bisma gave instructions for Korawa's troops to form an eagle formation with himself as commander-in-chief to be on the front line while Duryodana's army protected the rear row.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bisma wants no more failures.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Meanwhile the Pandavas anticipated it by forming a crescent formation with Bima and Arjuna as the leaders of the right and left wings.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Korawa's forces fortified his assault on Arjuna.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Then Arjuna's chariot was overrun by various arrows and spears.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

With his great proficiency, Arjuna fortified his chariot with countless streams of arrows.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Abhimanyu and Satyaki combine forces to destroy Sangkuni's Gandara army.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bima and his son, Gatotkaca, attacked Duryodana who was in the back row.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bima's arrow bolted towards Duryodana who swooped on his chariot.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

His chariot coachman immediately took him away from the battle.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Duryodana's army saw its leader stay away from the fight.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bisma saw this and told the troops to prepare to stand by and reform the formation, then Duryodana came back and led his army.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Duryodana was angry with Bisma for still hesitant to attack the Pandavas.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bisma then came to his senses and changed his feelings to the Pandavas.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Arjuna and Kresna try to attack Bisma.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Arjuna and Bisma once again engage in a violent fight, although Arjuna still feels hearty and reluctant to fight his grandfather.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Kresna became very angry with the situation and said, “I can't be patient anymore, I will kill Bisma with my own hands,” and he took his chakra and ran towards Bisma.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Arjuna runs after him and prevents Kresna from doing so.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Then the two of them continued the fight and destroyed many of Korawa's troops.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The fourth day is the day that Bima shows his courage.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bisma ordered Korawa's forces to move.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Abhimanyu was besieged by the Korawa knights and attacked.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Arjuna saw this and helped Abhimanyu.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bima appeared at such a crucial moment and attacked the Korawa kstria with mace.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Then Duryodana dispatched an army of elephants to attack Bima.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

When Bima saw an army of elephants heading towards him, he got off the chariot and attacked them one by one with his steel mace.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

They were thrown and slammed towards Korawa's forces.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Then Bima attacked the Korawa knights and killed Duryodana's eight younger brothers.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Eventually he was arched and fell in his carriage.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Gatotkaca saw this, then felt very angry with Korawa's army.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bisma advised that no one was able to fight the angry Gatotkaca, then told the troops to retreat.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

On that day, Duryodana was saddened to have lost her brothers.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

As the battle on that day ended, Duryodana who was covered with grief and disappointment came to see Bisma to inquire about the cause of the Pandavas being able to survive and defeat the forces of Korawa's supposedly powerful forces.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bisma replied that the Pandavas acted under the banner of righteousness, so that it was better to enter into a peace treaty with them.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

But the stubborn Duryodana did not want to obey the advice.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Fifth day On the fifth day, the fighting continued.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The Pandavas forces with all their might avenge Bisma's attack.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bima was at the forefront with Srikandi and Drestadyumna alongside him.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Satyaki confronts Drona and difficulties to avenge his attack.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bima leaves behind Srikandi who attacks Bisma.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Because Srikandi was cast as a woman, Bisma refused to fight and left.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Meanwhile, Satyaki destroys a large army sent to attack him.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The battle continued with a fight between Setyaki against Burisrawa and then Satyaki distress thus being in a precarious situation.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Seeing that, Bima comes to protect Satyaki and saves her life.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Elsewhere, Arjuna fought and killed thousands of soldiers that Duryodana sent to attack him.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The sixth day of Judistira told Drestadyumna to form the Makara formation, with Drupada and Arjuna as frontline leaders.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

To match Judistira's force, Bisma instructed that Korawa's forces form a formation of herons, with Balhika and his battleforce as frontline leaders.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bima fought against Drona fiercely.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Bima archery chariot coachman Drona so killed instantly.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Drona took over the position of his coachman, then destroyed most of the Pandavas forces.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The Drona attack was faced by Drestadyumna.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Meanwhile, Bima launched an attack on the defensive line consisting of the sons of Dretarastra, namely: Dursasana, Durwisaha, Dursaha, Durmada, Jaya, Jayasena, Wikarna, Citrasena, Sudarsana, Carucitra, Duskarna, Karna (Karna's younger brother Duryodana, not Karna Duryodana's best friend).


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

They all besieged Bima from all over.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Milky jumped down from his train while carrying mace.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

In the middle of the enemy army, Bima raged so that Korawa's army was messed up.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Seeing Bima in danger, Drestadyumna soon leaves Drona with the intention of helping Bima.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

With Drestadyumna's help, Bima destroyed Korawa's forces more easily.


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After witnessing Bima in danger, Judistira sends Abhimanyu to help his uncle.


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Abhimanyu fought the sons of Dretarastra, while Duryodana was confronted by Dropadi's five sons, Pratiwindya, Sutasoma, Srutakarma, Satanika, and Srutakirti.


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By late afternoon, Bisma was still on the rampage crushing the Pandavas forces.


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Eventually, the sun set and the entire army was pulled back by nightfall that day.


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The seventh day On the seventh day, Korawa forces under Bisma's instruction formed a Mandala formation.


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To anticipate it, Judistira instructed that the Pandavas forces form a Bajra formation.


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Arjuna manages to damage Mandala's formation, so Bisma advances to confront him.


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Meanwhile, Drona fights to face Wirata King Matsya.


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With his arrow attack, Drona renders Wirata's war chariot crippled.


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Then Wirata jumped from his train to move to the train of Sangka, his son.


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Although Wirata and Sangka have already combined forces, Drona is still invincible.


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Instead, Drona managed to fire four harness penetrator arrow rods in Sangka's direction.


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The arrow lodged in Sangka's chest, then took his life.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

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Meanwhile, Satyaki fights to face the giant Alambusa, whereas Drestadyumna faces Duryodana.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

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Satyaki manages to defeat the giant Alambusa, while Drestadyumna manages to wound Duryodana's body with seven arrows.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

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Then arrows pierced the body of the horse and coachman of Duryodana's chariot so that the vehicle was paralyzed.


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Duryodana jumped from her chariot and was rescued by her uncle, Sangkuni of Gandhara.


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Elsewhere, Srikandi advanced to face Bisma.


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Bisma did not concern Srikandi because the knight was womanly, so he preferred to destroy the forces of Srinjaya, an ally of the Pandavas.


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On that day, the Korawa knights suffered more defeats than the Pandavas.


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This made Dretarastra, the father of the Korawans feel sad.


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Sanjaya, Dretarastra's advisor says that he does not need to grieve because the destruction of his sons is caused by their own deeds.


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Sanjaya added, that the death of the knights who fall on the battlefield will open the way of heaven for them.


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The eighth day On the eighth day, Bima killed eight sons of Dretarastra, namely: Sunaba, Adityaketu, Wahwasin, Kundadara, Mahodara, Aparajita, Panditaka and Wisalaksa.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

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Sunaba, Adityaketu, Aparajita and Wisalaksa fall with their heads decapitated, while others fall because of the arrow guns launched by Bima.


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After witnessing their deaths, Duryodana orders his surviving brothers to kill Bima.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

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However none of Dretarastra's sons dared come forward to face Bima after they witnessed the deaths of eight of his brothers.


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Meanwhile, Sangkuni son of Subala, with accompanied by Hredika's son of Satwata kingdom, overran the Pandavas forces.


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The invading forces were combined cavalry from various kingdoms in India, such as Cambodia, Sindhu, Mahi, Aratta, etc.


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To match him, Irawan the son of Arjuna advanced to the field while carrying a large number of riding troops.


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With a sword and arrow, Irawan manages to kill the Sangkuni brothers, except Wresaba.


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After Subala's son's forces chaotic, Duryodana sends the giant Alambusa to kill Irawan.


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Then, there was a fierce battle between Irawan against Alambusa.


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The two both use magic power, both powerful and destroy each other.


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When Irawan conjures a giant dragon, Alambusa responds to him by incarnating it into a giant garuda bird.


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The stealth bird managed to kill the stealth dragon called Irawan.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

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It left Irawan riveted watching his defeat.


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At that moment, too, Alambusa seized the opportunity to decapitate Irawan's neck.


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The ninth day On the ninth day, Abhimanyu the son of Arjuna destroyed the Korawa warrior while raging.


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The leading knights on Korawa's side were unable to deal with him, because it was as if Abhimanyu was the second Arjuna.


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Seeing his soldiers scattered, Duryodana decides to send the giant Alambusa, son of Resyasringga.


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The giant obey Duryodana's orders.


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Thousands of Pandavas warriors died at his hands, so Dropadi's five sons acted.


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They tried to withstand the giant attack, but were unsuccessful.


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Instead, it is precisely their lives that are threatened.


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After seeing his half-brothers being threatened, Abhimanyu immediately came to their aid while simultaneously confronting the giant Alambusa.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

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Soon, there was a fierce battle between Abhimanyu against the giant Alambusa.


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With his proficiency in using a crossbow weapon, Abhimanyu manages to defeat Alambusa so that the giant dismounts from his chariot while fleeing in pain.


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After Alambusa suffered defeat, Bisma immediately confronted Abhimanyu.


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Escorted by the tough knights from Korawa's side, Bisma advanced lunged at Abhimanyu.


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At that moment, too, Arjuna comes to the aid of Abhimanyu.


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Then Krepa attacked Arjuna so that there was a fierce fight between them. Seeing the situation, Satyaki came to Arjuna's aid.


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Aswatama son of Drona, comes to Krepa's aid by launching her arrows.


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But it turned out that Satyaki was able to survive, even retaliating against Aswatama's attack.


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After Aswatama is tired of confronting him, Drona shows up to help the son.


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Whereas from the Pandavas side, Arjuna came forward helping Satyaki.


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Soon, there was a fierce battle between Arjuna against Drona.


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Despite this, both Arjuna and Drona are able to survive because they are equally powerful.


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Later, Kresna reminds Arjuna to kill Bisma immediately.


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Therefore, Arjuna immediately ordered Kresna to run his train towards Bisma.


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When facing Bisma, Arjuna still hesitated to exert all his abilities, so that the fight seemed not to be done in earnest.


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Seeing the state of affairs, Kresna became angry.


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He got off his chariot while carrying cemeti with the aim of killing Bisma.


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Bisma was not evasive when he saw Kresna's actions.


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Instead, he was sincere when his life floated in Kresna's hands.


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In response to this, Arjuna immediately jumped from his train, then hugged Kresna's leg to stop Kresna's movement.


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Again, Arjuna begs for Kresna to dampen his anger.


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Kresna was only silent after hearing Arjuna's plea.


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Then they again boarded the train to continue the battle.


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The tenth day On the tenth day, the Pandavas who found it impossible to defeat Bisma laid out a strategy.


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They plan to put Srikandi in front of Arjuna's train, while Arjuna himself will attack Bisma from behind Srikandi.


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Srikandi was chosen as the tameng of Arjuna because she was a woman who changed sex to a man, and it made Bisma reluctant to attack Srikandi.


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Besides, Srikandi is the reincarnation of Amba, a woman who died because she felt hurt by Bisma, and vowed to be reborn as Bisma's killer who became the cause of her suffering.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

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Srikandi attacks Bisma, but Bisma does not concern his attack.


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Instead, he laughed, because he knew that Srikandi's presence was a bad sign that was able to lead him to the destiny of defeat.


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Bisma also knew that he was destined to fall because of Srikandi, so he felt vain to fight his destiny.


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Bisma who does not have the heart to attack Srikandi, cannot attack Arjuna because Srikandi's body is blocking him.


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It was used by Arjuna to shower Bisma with thousands of arrows capable of penetrating his armor.


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The hundreds of arrows shot by Arjuna penetrated Bisma's body and stuck in his flesh.


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Bisma fell from his chariot, but his body did not touch the ground because it was sustained by arrows stuck in his body.


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After Bisma fell, the Pandavas and Korawa forces stopped the fight for a moment and then surrounded Bisma.


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Bisma told Arjuna to put three arrows under his head as pillows.


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Then, Bisma asked to be brought water.


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Without hesitation, Arjuna shot his arrow on the ground, then spurted water from the ground into Bisma's mouth.


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Even though his body was buttressed by hundreds of arrows, Bisma was still able to survive because he was given a gift to determine the time of his own death.


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In such circumstances, he gave wejangan to his grandsons who carried out wars.


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Although already helpless, Bisma was able to live for several days while witnessing the destruction of Korawa's forces.


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The eleventh day After Bisma's defeat on the tenth day, Karna entered the field and relieved Duryodana's heart.


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He appointed Drona as commander-in-chief of the Korawa forces.


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Karna and Duryodana plan to capture Judistira alive.


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Killing Judistira on the field only made the Pandavas more angry, while with Judistira the Pandavas gained a war strategy.


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Drona helps Karna and Duryodana to conquer Judistira.


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He bowled the bow of Judistira until it broke.


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The Pandavas were anxious that Judistira would become a prisoner of war.


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Seeing that, Arjuna intervened and showered Drona with arrows and thwarted Duryodana's plan.


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The twelfth day After accepting failure, Drona is convinced that the plan to conquer Judistira is difficult to realize as long as Arjuna still exists.


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The king of Trigarta — Susarma — along with his three brothers and 35 sons were on Korawa's side and tried to kill Arjuna or vice versa, fall at Arjuna's hands.


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They took to the field of the match on the twelfth day and immediately overran Arjuna.


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But they did not succeed so that they fell one by one.


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More and more days the strength of the Pandavas grew and dealt a great blow to the Korawa forces.


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Thirteenth day left|240px|jmpl|engraving in Hoysaleswara Temple (Halebid, India), depicting Abhimanyu as being cooped up in the Cakrabyuha formation.


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Duryodana summoned Bhagadatta, King of Pragjyotisha (in present times called Assam, a region in India).


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Bhagadatta was the son of Narakasura, the king killed by Kresna a few years earlier.


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Bhagadatta had thousands of elephants of enormous size as the strength of his army, and he was considered the strongest knight among all the elephant-riding knights of his day.


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Bhagadatta attacks Arjuna by riding his giant elephant named Supratika.


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The battle between Arjuna against Bhagadatta took place very fiercely.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

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As Arjuna is busy in a fierce fight, elsewhere, four Pandavas find it difficult to break the Cakrabyuha formation that Drona composed.


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Judistira saw this and told Abhimanyu, son of Arjuna, to damage the formation of Cakrabyuha, because Judistira knew that only Arjuna and Abhimanyu could break the formation.


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As Abhimanyu entered the formation, four Pandavas protected him behind.


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However, the four Pandavas were blocked by Jayadrata so Abhimanyu entered Cakrabyuha's formasuki without protection.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

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Finally, Abhimanyu was besieged by the Korawa knights, then killed by simultaneous attacks.


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Towards the end of the twelfth day, after going through a fierce fight, finally Bhagadatta and Susarma fall at the hands of Arjuna.


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Meanwhile, Abhimanyu falls due to being trapped in the Cakrabyuha formation.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

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Upon learning of his son's death, Arjuna is angry at Jayadrata who obstructs the efforts of the Pandavas to protect Abhimanyu.


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He vowed to kill Jayadrata on the fourteenth day.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

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He also vowed that if he did not manage to do so until sunset, he would burn himself.


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Fourteenth day While trying to search for Jayadrata on the field of battle, Arjuna destroyed one aksauhini (109,350 soldiers) of Korawa warriors.


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Korawa's forces protected Jayadrata well, to prevent Arjuna from attacking him.


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Finally, by late afternoon, Arjuna finds that Jayadrata is being escorted by Karna and five other mighty knights.


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Upon seeing her friend's state, Kresna raises her Sudarsana Cakra to cover the sun, deceiving as if the sun were setting.


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The whole warrior looked forward to the battle because it felt that daylight was over.


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Thus, Jayadrata is without protection.


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As the sun reveals its last rays on the day, Arjuna fires his powerful arrow which then beheads Jayadrata.


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Fighting continued after sunset.


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As the moon seemed to shine, Gatotkaca, the son of Bima killed many knights, and attacked through the air.


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Karna confronted him and they fought fiercely, until finally Karna took out the Indrastra, a heavenly weapon given to him by God Indra.


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Gatotkaca who received the attack then enlarged his body size.


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He fell instantly and fell upon thousands of Korawa warriors.


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Fifteenth Day After King Drupada and King Wirata were killed by Drona, Bima and Drestadyumna fought with him on the fifteenth day.


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Because Drona was powerful and possessed of an invincible brahamastra (divine weapon), Kresna signaled to Judistira that Drona would surrender if Aswatama — his son — fell in the war.


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Then Bima killed an elephant named Aswatama, and shouted loudly that Aswatama was deciduous.


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Drona approaches Judistira to seek reassurance about his son's death.


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Judistira says “Ashwathama Hatha Kunjara”, but the last two words of “Hatha Kunjara” which describe that an elephant died, were not heard because of the noise of drums and trumpets at the command of Kresna (different versions mention that Judistira recited the last words aforementioned so quietly that Drona did not hear the word “elephant”).


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Before the event, Judistira's war chariot, called the Dharmaraja (King of Truth), drifted inches off the ground.


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After the event, his train touched the ground.


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After guessing that his son was gone, Drona felt sorrow, and dropped his weapon.


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Then he was killed by Drestadyumna to avenge his father while simultaneously carrying out his vows.


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After the war on that day ended, Kunti (the mother of the Pandavas) in secret went to see Karna, her banished son, and asked him to spare the lives of the Pandavas, as they were his younger brothers.


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Karna promised Kunti that he would spare the lives of the Pandavas, except Arjuna.


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Sixteenth day On the sixteenth day, Karna became the commander-in-chief of the Korawa forces.


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He killed many soldiers on that day.


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A fierce battle ensued between Arjuna against Karna.


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Even Kresna praised Karna for his courage.


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Eventually Karna managed to sever Arjuna's bowstring.


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Just when Karna is about to kill Arjuna, the sun sets.


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Out of observance of the rules of warfare, Karna pardoned Arjuna's life.


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There are different versions regarding the end of the eighteenth day.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

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It is told that Karna fought valiantly despite being surrounded by generals of the Pandavas forces.


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They are all incapable of fighting it.


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Karna gave a deadly attack on the Pandavas forces so they fled.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

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Then Arjuna manages to break Karna's weapon with his own weapon, and also delivers a deadly attack on Korawa's forces.


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Soon the sun set, and as darkness and dust made the battle difficult, so Korawa's forces were pulled back, with the aim of avoiding battle at night. [3]


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Seventeenth day On the seventeenth day, Karna defeated Bima and Judistira in battle, but their lives were forgiven.


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Later, Karna continued his fight against Arjuna.


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While fighting, Karna's chariot wheels were mired into the mud so Karna asked permission to stop the fight for a moment.


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Seeing the opportunity, Kresna reminds Arjuna of Karna's unmerciful attitude to Abhimanyu when Abhimanyu is killed after losing his weapon and chariot.


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The unfolding of these bitter memories made Arjuna's heart burn again.


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Later, Arjuna fired his arrow to decapitate Karna, at which time Karna attempted to lift the wheel of his chariot which was protruded into the mud.


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On the same day, Bima destroys the Dursasana chariot with his chute.


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Bima captures Dursasana and kills him, thus fulfilling the vow he made when Dropadi was humiliated.


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Eighteenth day On the eighteenth day, Salya Raja Madra was appointed commander-in-chief of the Korawa forces, replacing Karna's position.


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On that day, too, Judistira killed King Salya, Sadewa killed Sangkuni, and Bima killed Duryodana's surviving younger brothers.


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After realizing that he had been defeated, Duryodana ran off the field of battle then rested in a lake.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

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His magic the Pandavas caught up with him.


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Under Baladewa's tutelage, a mace match took place between Bima against Duryodana, whereupon Duryodana eventually suffered a defeat.


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Aswatama, Krepa, and Kertawarma meet Duryodana at a time when the knight is dying.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

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They promised to avenge him.


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Later in the night, they attacked the encampment of the Pandavas, then killed five sons of the Pandavas (Pancawala), Drestadyumna and Srikandi.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

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End of warfare Only ten knights survive the battle, they are: Five Pandavas, Yuyutsu, Satyaki, Aswatama, Krepa and Kertawarma.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Aswatama was captured by the Pandavas after he committed murder in the evening of the eighteenth, while the Pandavas allies were sleeping.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Krepa returned to Hastinapura, while Kertawarma to the residence of Wangsa Yadu.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Eventually, Judistira was crowned King of Hastinapura.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

After reigning for some time, Judistira handed the throne to Arjuna's grandson, Parikesit.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Later, he was with the Pandavas and Dropadi climbing the Himalayan mountain as the final destination of their journey.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Dropadi and the four Pandavas, except Judistira, died en route.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Eventually Judistira made it to the top of the Himalayas, and by the sincerity of his heart, by the grace of the Dharma God he was allowed to enter heaven as a human being.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Estimates of when the war occurred Scholars are trying to find out in what year exactly the war in Kurukshetra occurred.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

They used records in Mahābhārata, taking into account the positions of celestial bodies, using calendar systems, even to the point of conducting radiocarbon analysis.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The result of their calculation as follows [4]: Dr. S. Balakrishna states that the war took place in 2559 BC taking into account the lunar eclipse.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Prof.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

I. N. Iyengar estimated that the war occurred in 1478 BC by taking into account the eclipse and straight lines of the planet Saturnus+Jupiter.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Dr.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

B. N. Achar states that the war took place in 3067 BC taking into account the position of the planets listed in the Mahabharata.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Shri P. V. Holey was convinced that the war took place on November 13 of the year 3143 BC taking into account the position of the planets and the calendar system.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Dr.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

P.V.Vartak says that the war took place on October 16 of 5561 BC taking into account the position of the planets. [5]


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Some scholars estimate the age of war in Kurukshetra is not as old as predicted by scholars above.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

John L Brockington estimated the war was very likely 900 BC. [6]


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

The Battle of the Ten Kings, a battle between the King of Bharata named Sudas and the union of ten tribes that appeared in the Rgveda, is believed to be the origin of the mythology of war in Kurukshetra occurred. [7]


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Some Indian archaeologists are trying to find out when exactly the war in Kurukshetra occurred, such as the belanga research found in Ganges.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Radiocarbon research suggests the artifact dates back to the period 800 - 350 BC [8].


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Footnote Reference Book Mahabharata original version by Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa Kitab Bhagawad Gita according to the original, by Om Visnupada A.C.B. Swami Prabhupada.


Question: When did the Battle of Feishui happen?

Kurukshetra War

Outside Category:Mahabharata Kurukshetra, War in Category:Selected article cultural stubs


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Rhinovirus (from Greek ίς rhis “nose”, gene ινός rhinos “from the nose”, and Latin vīrus) is a very common viral infectious agent in humans and commonly causes the common cold (common cold).


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Rhinovirus infection proliferates at 33—35°C (91—95°F), the temperature found in the nose.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Rhinovirus member of the genus Enteroviruses in the family Picornaviridae.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

The three rhinovirus species (A, B, and C) include about 160 types of human rhinoviruses that are recognized by their surface proteins (serotypes). [1]


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

They are lytic and are among the smallest viruses, with a diameter of about 30 nanometers.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

In comparison, other viruses such as smallpox virus and vaccinia, are about 10 times larger or about 300 nanometers; while flu viruses are about 80-120 nm.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Transmission and epidemiology There are two modes of transmission: through aerosols from respiratory droplets and from fomites (contaminated surfaces), including direct person-to-person contact.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Rhinoviruses are spread around the world and are the main cause of the common cold.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Symptoms include sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing and coughing; sometimes accompanied by muscle pain, fatigue, malaise, headache, muscle weakness, or loss of appetite.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Fever and extreme fatigue are more common in influenza.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Children may suffer from six to twelve colds a year.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

In the United States, the incidence of colds is higher in autumn and winter, with most infections occurring between September to April.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Seasonality may be due to the beginning of the school year and to people who spend more time indoors (thus adjacent to each other), thereby increasing the likelihood of transmission of the virus.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Lower ambient temperatures, especially outdoors, may also be a factor [2] given that rhinoviruses preferentially replicate at 32°C (89°F) versus 37°C (98°F).


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Pollen variants, grasses, nests and agricultural practices can factor in seasonality as well as chemical control use of grasses, pastures and sports fields in schools and communities.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Changes in temperature, humidity and wind patterns appear to be factors.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

It was also postulated that poor housing, overcrowding and unclean conditions linked to poverty were relevant factors in the transmission of the 'common cold'.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Those most affected by rhinovirus are infants, the elderly, and people who are immune-impaired. [3]


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Pathogenesis The main entry route for human rhinovirus is through the upper respiratory tract (mouth and nose).


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Rhinoviruses A and B bind to ICAM-1 (Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecule 1) also known as CD54 receptors on respiratory epithelial cells, while rhinovirus C uses ProteincDHR3 (cadherin-related family member 3) as its entrance. [4]


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

When the virus replicates and spreads, the infected cells release danger signals known as chemokines and cytokines (which in turn activate mediators of inflammation).


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Cell lysis occurs in the upper respiratory epithelium.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Infection occurs quickly, with the virus attaching to surface receptors within 15 minutes of entering the respiratory tract.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Individuals at high risk include children and the elderly.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

More than 50% of individuals will experience symptoms within 2 days of infection.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Only about 5% of cases will have an incubation period of less than 20 hours, and at other extreme conditions there are 5% of cases will have an incubation period of more than four and a half days. [5]


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Human rhinovirs prefer to grow at 32°C (89°F), although this is colder than the average human body temperature of 37°C (98°F); hence the virus tends to infect the upper respiratory tract, where the respiratory airflow constantly comes into contact with the more external environment cold.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Rhinovirus C, unlike Rhinovirus A and Rhinovirus B species, can cause severe infections. [6]


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

This relationship does not appear after controlling the scaffolders. [7]


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Taxonomy Rhinovirus was formerly a genus of the family Picornaviridae.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

The 39th Executive Committee (EC39) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) convened in Canada during June 2007 with a new taxonomic proposal.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

In April 2008, ICTV voted and ratified the following changes: 2005.264V.04 To remove the following species from the genus Rhinovirus present in the family Picornaviridae: Human Rhinovirus A Human Rhinovirus B 2005.265V.04 To assign the following species to the genus Enterovirus within family Picornaviridae: Human rhinovirus A Human rhinovirus B 2005.266V.04 To remove the existing genus Rhinovirus from the family Picornaviridae.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Note: The genus Rhinovirus hereby becomes absent.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

In July 2009, ICTV voted and ratified a proposal to add a third species, Human rhinovirus C into the Enterovirus genus. 2008.084V.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

A.hrv-c-sp 2008.084V To create a new species named human Rhinovirus C in the genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

There are a total of 215 taxonomic proposals, which have been approved and ratified since the 8th ICTV Report of 2005.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

The Rhinovirus structure has a single-stranded positive sense RNA genome with a length between 7200 and 8500 nt. At the 5' end of the genome is a viral protein encoder, and like mammalian mRNA there is a 3' poly-A tail.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Structural proteins are sandi within the 5' genome region and non structural proteins at the 3' end.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

This applies equally to all picornaviruses.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

The particles of the virus themselves are not enveloped and the shape of the structure is icosahedral.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Viral proteins are translated into single, long polypeptides, which are broken down into structural and nonstructural viral proteins. [8]


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Human rhinovirus consists of a capsid containing four viral proteins, VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP4.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

[9] [10] VP1, VP2, and VP3 form a major part of the capsid protein.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

The much smaller VP4 protein has a longer structure, and is located at the interface between the capsid and the RNA genome.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

There are 60 copies of each of these proteins assembled as an icosahedron.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Antibodies are the main defense against infection with epitopes located on the outside of VP1-VP3.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Human Rhinovirus serotype serotype HRV-A1, HRV-A2, HRV-A7, HRV-A8, HRV-A9, HRV-A10, HRV-A11, HRV-A12, HRV-A13, HRV-A15, HRV-A16, HRV-A18, HRV-A19, HRV-A20, HRV-A21, HRV-A22, HRV-A23 HRV-A24, HRV-A25, HRV-A28, HRV-A29, HRV-A30, HRV-A31, HRV-A32, HRV-A33, HRV-A34, HRV-A36, HRV-A38, HRV-A39, HRV- A40, HRV-A41, HRV-A43, HRV-A44, HRV-A45, HRV-A46, HRV-A47, HRV-A49, HRV-A50, HRV-A51, HRV-A53, HRV-A54, HRV-A55, HRV-A56, HRV-A57, HRV-A58, HRV-A59, HRV-A60, HRV-A61, HRV-A61 A62, HRV-A63, HRV-A64, HRV-A65, HRV-A66, HRV-A67, HRV-A68, HRV-A71, HRV-A73, HRV-A74, HRV-A75, HRV-A76, HRV-A77, HRV-A78, HRV- A80, HRV-A81, HRV-A82, HRV-A85, HRV-A88, HRV-A89, HRV-A90, HRV-A94, HRV-A95, HRV-A96, HRV-A98, HRV-A100, HRV-A101, HRV-A102 & HRV-A103 found in species: Rhinovirus A. Types HRV-B3, HRV-B4, HRV-B5, HRV-B6, HRV-B14, HRV-B17, HRV-B26, HRV-B27, HRV-B35, HRV-B37, HRV-B42, HRV-B48, HRV-B52, HRV-B69 , HRV-B70, HRV-B72, HRV-B79, HRV-B83, HRV-B84, HRV-B86, HRV-B91, HRV-B92, HRV-B93, HRV-B97, & HRV-B99 found in species: Rhinovirus B. Types HRV-C1, HRV-C2, HRV-C3, HRV-C4, HRV-C5, HRCV-6, HRV-C7, HRV-C8, HRV-C9, HRV-C10, HRV-C11, HRV-C12, HRV-C13, HRV-C14, HRV-C15, HRV-C16, HRV-C17, HRV-C18, HRV-C19, HRV-C20, HRV-C21, HRV-C22, HRV-C23, HRV-C24, HRV-C25, HRV-C26, HRV-C27, HRV-C28, HRV-C29, HRV-C30, HRV-C31, HRV-C32, HRV-C33, HRV-C34, HRV-C35, HRV-C36, HRV-C37 HRV-C38, HRV-C39, HRV-C40, HRV-C41, HRV-C42, HRV-C43, HRV-C44, HRV-C45, HRV-C46, HRV-C47, HRV-C48, HRV-C49, HRV-C50 & HRV-C51 found in speciesa: Rhinovirus C. [11] The new antiviral drug Interferon -alpha used intranasally has been shown to be effective against Human rhinovirus infection.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

However, volunteers treated with this drug experienced some side effects, such as nasal bleeding, and began to develop resistance to the drug.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Subsequently, research on treatment was abandoned. [12]


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Pleconaril is a bioavailable antiviral drug under development for the treatment of infections caused by picornavirus. [13]


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

The drug works by binding to hydrophobic pockets in VP1, and stabilizing the protein capsid in such a way that the virus cannot release its RNA genome into the target cell.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

When tested on volunteers, during clinical trials, the drug caused a significant reduction in mucus secretion and disease-related symptoms.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Pleconaril is not currently available for the treatment of human rhinoviral infections, as its efficacy in treating these infections is under further evaluation. [14]


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Other substances such as Iota-Carrageenan may form the basis for the manufacture of drugs to combat human rhinoviruses. [15]


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

In asthma, human rhnovirus has recently been associated with most asthma exacerbations for which current therapy is inadequate.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) has a central role in airway inflammation in asthma, and is a receptor for 90% of Human rhinoviruses.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Human rhinovirus infection of the airway epithelium induces ICAM-1.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Desloratadine and loratadine are drugs belonging to a new class of H1 receptor blockers (antihistamines).


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

The anti-inflammatory properties of antihistamines have been documented recently, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understandable.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

This effect does not seem to be interrupted by H1 receptor antagonism and suggests a novel mechanism of action that may be important for the therapeutic control of virus-induced asthma attacks.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

In 2018, a new set of anti-rhinoviral compounds was reported by researchers at Imperial College London and colleagues at the University of York and the Pirbright Institute.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

These molecules target human myristoyltransferase, an enzyme in the host cell required by picornavirus to compose its viral capsid, and thus produce infectious virions.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

The main compound in this series, IMP-1088, highly potentially inhibits host myristoylation of viral capsid proteins and prevent infectious virus formation, save the survival of cells in cultures that have been exposed to various rhinovirus serotypes, or to associated picornaviruses including polio virus and foot-and-mouth disease virus.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Since these compounds target host factors, they are broadly active against all serotypes, and are thought unlikely to be insurmountable by resistance mutations in viruses. [16]


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Vaccines There is no vaccine against these viruses due to cross-protection between serotypes.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

At least 99 serotypes of human rhinoviruses affecting humans have completed their DNA sequenced.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

[17] [18] However, a study of the VP4 protein is highly conserved among many human rhinovirus serotypes, [19] opening up the potential for pan-serotyped human rhinovirus vaccines in the future.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Prevention of human rhinovirus is the most contagious virus during autumn and winter.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

The virus can live up to 3 hours outside the human host.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

After contracting the virus, a person is most contagious in the first 3 days.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Precautions such as washing hands with soap and water routinely can help avoid infection.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Other things that can be done to prevent transmission are to avoid touching the mouth, eyes, and nose, all of which are the most common entry points for rhinoviruses.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

For in large hospitals, preventive measures with the use of surgical masks and gloves.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Reference Outside link James E. Gern, MD, speaks at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 2008.


Question: What are the main symptoms of muscle pain?

Rhinoviruses

Category:Enteroviruses


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Majapahit Kingdom (Javanese:; Nagari Karajan Mɔjɔpait, Sanskrit: विल्तिक्तिक्तिक्तितिक्तित्तिक्त्तिक्तिक्त्त्त्तिक्त्त्त्त्त्त्त्त्त्त्त्त्त्तिromance/greatness the controlled large areas of the archipelago during the rule of Hayam Wuruk, who was in power from 1350 to 1389.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Majapahit Kingdom was the last Hindu-Buddhist kingdom to control the archipelago and is considered the largest kingdom in Indonesian history. [3]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

According to Negarakertagama, his power stretched from Java, Sumatra, Malaya Peninsula, Borneo, to eastern Indonesia, although his territory was disputed. [4]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Historiography There is very little physical evidence of the remnants of the Majapahit Kingdom, [5] and its history is unclear. [6]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

The main sources used by historians are Pararaton ('The Book of Kings') in Kawi language and Nagarakretagama [7] in Old Javanese. [8]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Pararaton mainly narrates Ken Arok (founder of Singhasari Kingdom) but also contains some short passages regarding the formation of Majapahit.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Meanwhile, Nagarakertagama is an Old Javanese poem written during the golden age of Majapahit under the reign of Hayam Wuruk.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Kakawin Nagarakretagama was in 2008 recognized as part of the World Memory List (Memory of the World Programme) by UNESCO. [9]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

After that time, what happened was not clear. [10]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

In addition, there are several inscriptions in Old Javanese as well as historical records from China and other countries. [10]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

The accuracy of all Javanese language scripts is conflicted.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

There is no denying that the sources contain non-historical and mythical elements.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Some scholars such as C.C. Berg consider all such manuscripts to be not records of the past, but have a supernatural meaning in terms of being able to know the future. [11]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

However, many scholars think that the outlines of these sources are acceptable because they are in line with historical records from China, particularly lists of rulers and states of kingdoms that seem quite certain. [6]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

In 2010 a group of Japanese businessmen led by Takajo Yoshiaki financed the creation of a Majapahit ship or Spirit of Majapahit that would sail to Asia.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

According to Takajo, this was done in memory of the cooperation of Majapahit and the Kingdom of Japan against the Kingdom of China (Mongols) in the war in the Pacific Ocean. [12]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

According to the National University of Singapore's Professor of Southeast Asian Archaeology John N. Miksic the reach of Majapahit power includes Sumatra and Singapore even Thailand as evidenced by the influence of culture, the complexion of buildings, temples, sculptures and art. [13]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

There is even a silat college called Kali Majapahit which originated in the Philippines with members from Asia and America.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

This Silat Kali Majapahit claims to have its roots from the ancient Majapahit Kingdom called ruling the Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia and the South of Thailand. [14]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

History of the Establishment of Majapahit JMPL|left|straight|Arca Harihara (alloy of Shiva and Vishnu) embodiment Kertarajasa of Simping Temple, Blitar, now the collection of the National Museum.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Prior to the establishment of Majapahit, Singhasari had been the most powerful kingdom in Java.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

This came to the attention of Kublai Khan, the ruler of the Yuan Dynasty in China.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

He sent a messenger named Meng Chi [15] to Singhasari who demanded tribute.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Kertanagara, the last ruler of the Singhasari kingdom refused to pay tribute and humiliated the messenger by ruining his face and cutting off his ear. [15] [16] Kublai Khan was angry and then dispatched a great expedition to Java in 1293.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

At that time, Jayakatwang, the duke of Kediri, had overthrown and killed Kertanegara.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

On the advice of Aria Wiraraja, Jayakatwang granted clemency to Raden Wijaya, Kertanegara's son-in-law, who came to surrender himself.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Then, Wiraraja sent a messenger to Daha, who brought a letter containing a statement, Raden Wijaya surrendered and wanted to serve Jayakatwang. [17]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

The answer to the letter above is greeted with pleasure. [17]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Raden Wijaya was then given the Tarik forest.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

He cleared the forest and built a new village.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

The village was named after Majapahit, whose name is taken from the fruit of the maja, and the “bitter” taste of the fruit.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

When the Mongol forces arrived, Wijaya allied himself with the Mongol forces to battle against Jayakatwang.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

After successfully taking down Jayakatwang, Raden Wijaya turned to attack his Mongola allies so as to force them to pull back his army back in the fog because they were in a foreign land. [18] [19] It was also their last chance to catch the muson wind so that they were in a foreign land. can go home, or they are forced to wait another six months on an unfamiliar island.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

The exact date used as the birth date of Majapahit kingdom is the coronation day of Raden Wijaya as king, which is the 15th of the month of Kartika year 1215 saka which coincides with the date of 10 November 1293.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

He was crowned with the official name Kertarajasa Jayawardhana.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

The kingdom is facing problems.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Some of Kertarajasa's trusted people, including Ranggalawe, Sora, and Nambi rebelled against him, although the rebellion was unsuccessful.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

The Ranggalawe rebellion was supported by Panji Mahajaya, Ra Arya Sidi, Ra Jaran Waha, Ra Lintang, Ra Tosan, Ra Gelatik, and Ra Tati.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

All these are mentioned in Pararaton. [20]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Slamet Muljana suspected that it was the mahapatih of Halayudha who committed the conspiracy to bring down all the king's trusted men, so that he might attain the highest position in the government.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

But after the death of the last rebel (Kuti), Halayudha was arrested and imprisoned, and then sentenced to death. [19]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Wijaya died in 1309.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Wijaya's son and successor was Jayanegara.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Pararaton called it Kala Gemet, meaning “weak villain”.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

About a time during Jayanegara's reign, an Italian priest, Odorico da Pordenone visited Majapahit palace in Java.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

In 1328, Jayanegara was killed by his healer, Tanca.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

His stepmother Gayatri Rajapatni was supposed to succeed him, but Rajapatni chose to resign from the palace and become bhiksuni.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Rajapatni appointed his infant daughter Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi to be the queen of Majapahit.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

In 1336, Tribhuwana appointed Gajah Mada as Mahapatih, at his inauguration Gajah Mada pronounced the Palapa Oath indicating his plan to widen Majapahit power and establish an omniscience.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

During the rule of Tribhuwana, the Majapahit kingdom expanded to become larger and well known in the archipelago archipelago.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Tribhuwana ruled in Majapahit until his mother's death in 1350.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

He was passed on by his son, Hayam Wuruk.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Majapahit glory Hayam Wuruk, also called Rajasanagara, ruled Majapahit from 1350 to 1389.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

In his time Majapahit reached the peak of its glory with the help of his mahapatih, Gajah Mada.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Under the orders of Gajah Mada (1313—1364), Majapahit controlled more territory.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

According to Kakawin Nagarakretagama pupuh XIII-XV, Majapahit's area of power includes Sumatra, Malaya peninsula, Borneo, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara archipelago, Maluku, Papua, Tumasik (Singapore) and parts of the Philippine archipelago. [21]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

This source shows the widest extent as well as the peak of the glory of Majapahit Emblemahaan.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

However, natural and economic constraints indicate that these areas of power do not appear to be under Majapahit centralized rule, but connected to each other by trade that may have been monopolistic by the king. [22]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Majapahit also had ties to Campa, Cambodia, Siam, southern Burma, and Vietnam, and even sent its devotees to China. [3] [22] In addition to launching attacks and military expeditions, Majapahit also traveled the path of diplomacy and established fellowship.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Possibly due to political reasons, Hayam Wuruk desires to edit Citraresmi (Pitaloka), the daughter of Sunda Kingdom as his consort. [23]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

The Sundanese regard this application as a fellowship agreement.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

In 1357 the Sundanese king's entourage along with his family and bodyguards turned to Majapahit delivering the princess to be married to Hayam Wuruk.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

But Gajah Mada saw this as an opportunity to force the Sunda kingdom under Majapahit.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

A battle between the Sundanese royal family and the Majapahit army in Bubat field was inevitable.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Although valiantly providing resistance, the Sundanese royal family was overwhelmed and eventually defeated.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Almost the entire group of the Sundanese royal family can be cruelly destroyed. [24]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Tradition mentions that the disillusioned princess, with a crummy heart committed “bela pati”, committed suicide to defend her country's honor. [25]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

The story of Pasunda Bubat became the main theme in the Kidung Sunda script composed in later times in Bali and also the Carita Parahiyangan script.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

This tale is alluded to in Pararaton but is not mentioned at all in Nagarakretagama.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

The Kakawin Nagarakretagama composed in 1365 mentions the palace culture that was adiluhung, graceful, and sophisticated, with a refined and high taste of art and literature, as well as an elaborate system of religious rituals.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

The pujangga described Majapahit as the center of a giant mandala stretching from Sumatra to Papua, spanning the Malaya Peninsula and the Moluccas.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Local traditions in various regions of the archipelago still record the story of legends regarding Majapahit power.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

The administration of direct rule by the Majapahit kingdom covered only the areas of East Java and Bali, outside that area only a kind of government of broad autonomy, periodic payment of tribute, and recognition of Majapahit sovereignty over them.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

However, any rebellion or challenge to the Majapahit lordship over the area may invite a violent reaction. [26]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

In 1377, a few years after Gajah Mada's death, Majapahit launched a sea attack to quell a rebellion in Palembang. [3]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Although Majapahit rulers expanded his power on various islands and occasionally invaded neighboring kingdoms, Majapahit's main concern seems to have been gaining the largest portion and controlling trade in the archipelago archipelago.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

It was during this time that Muslim traders and spreaders of Islam began to enter the region.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

The deterioration of Majapahit After reaching its peak in the 14th century, Majapahit power gradually weakened.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

After the death of Hayam Wuruk in 1389, Majapahit entered a period of decline due to conflict over the throne.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Hayam Wuruk's heir was crown princess Kusumawardhani, who married her own cousin, prince Wikramawardhana.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Hayam Wuruk also had a son from his concubine Wirabhumi who also demanded his right to the throne. [6]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

The civil war called Paregreg War is thought to have occurred in 1405-1406, between Wirabhumi against Wikramawardhana.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

This war was finally won by Wikramawardhana, Semetara Wirabhumi was captured and then pancung.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

It seems that this civil war weakened Majapahit's control over its destiny areas across.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

During Wikramawardhana's reign, a series of Ming Dynasty sea expeditions led by admiral Cheng Ho, a Chinese Muslim general, arrived in Java several times between the period of 1405 to 1433.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Since 1430 Cheng Ho's expedition has created Chinese and Arab Muslim communities in several port cities of the north coast of Java, such as in Semarang, Demak, Tuban, and Ampel; so Islam began to have a foothold on the northern coast of Java. [27]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Wikramawardhana reigned until 1426, and was passed on by his daughter, Queen Suhita, who reigned in 1426 to 1447.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

She was the second daughter of Wikramawardhana of a concubine who was also the second daughter of Wirabhumi.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

In 1447, Suhita mangkat and the reign was continued by Kertawijaya, his younger brother.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

He ruled until 1451.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

After Kertawijaya died, Bhre Pamotan became king with the title Rajasawardhana and ruled in Kahuripan.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

He died in 1453 AD.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

There was a time lag of three years without a king due to the crisis of inheritance of the throne.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Girisawardhana, son of Kertawijaya, ascended the throne in 1456.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

He later died in 1466 and was succeeded by Singhawikramawardhana.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

In 1468 prince Kertabhumi rebelled against Singhawikramawardhana and appointed himself king of Majapahit. [10]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

When Majapahit was founded, Muslim traders and religious spreaders had begun to enter the archipelago.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

In the late 14th and early 15th centuries, Majapahit influence throughout the archipelago began to wane.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

At the same time, a new trading empire based on Islam, namely the Sultanate of Malacca, began to emerge in the western part of the archipelago. [28]


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

In the western part of the crumbling omnipotence, Majapahit no longer stem the rise of the Malacca Sultanate which in the mid-15th century began to control the Straits of Malacca and widen its power to Sumatra.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Meanwhile, several colonies and conquered areas of Majapahit in other areas in the archipelago, one by one began to break away from Majapahit power. jmpl|ka|a display of Majapahit ship models at the State Museum of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

The ship shown is Borobudur ship type.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

After suffering defeat in a power struggle with Bhre Kertabumi, Singhawikramawardhana exiled himself to the hinterland at Daha (the former capital of the Kediri Kingdom) and continued to continue his rule there until being succeeded by his son Ranawijaya in 1474.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

In 1478 Ranawijaya defeated Kertabhumi by exploiting the discontent of Hindus and Buddhists over Bhre Kertabumi's policies as well as reuniting Majapahit into one kingdom.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

Ranawijaya ruled in the period from 1474 to 1498 under the title Girindrawardhana until he was deposed by Patih Air.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

As a result of this dynastic conflict, Majapahit became weak and began the rise of power of the Demak kingdom established by the descendants of Bhre Wirabumi on the northern coast of Java.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

The time of expiration of Majapahit emaharajaan revolves around the period of 1478 (year 1400 saka, the end of the century is considered the prevalent time of the change of dynasties and the end of a reign [29]) until 1518.


Question: who is the longest-serving king in the Kingdom of Italy?

Majapahit

In Javanese tradition there is a chronogram or candrasengkala that reads sirna ilang kretaning earth.