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He is the younger brother of May.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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He then became the only character who often saw Brock jewer by Misty when Brock drools to the beautiful girl.


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He has not obtained Pokémon because he is still under 10 years old.


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Her voice cast was Amy Birnbaum (4Kids), Kayzie Rogers (Pokémon USA) and Fushigi Yamada (Japan).


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Dawn Dawn (aka Hikari) is a Pokémon trainer and coordinator of Ash ketchum's journey in Pokémon Diamond and Pearl.


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His ideal is to match or even exceed what his mother had achieved, namely as a tough Pokémon coordinator.


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The first Pokémon he got from Professor Rowan was Piplup.


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His main rival is Zoey.


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Dawn briefly reappeared in pokemon best wishes season 2 as a guest character Her voice cast was Emily Bauer (English) Megumi Toyoguchi (Japan).


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Iris Iris is a new character in the most recent current Pokemon series, Best Wishes.


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She is a wild girl, loves swinging in trees and has a pokemon named Kibago who likes to be inside her hair.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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Best Wishes will launch on japanese TV on September 23, 2010 according to the official website of Pokemon japan.


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Cilan Cilan (aka Dent) is the second new character in the most recent current Pokemon series, Best Wishes.


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Dento mentioned is a gym leader, but it is still unknown to the truth.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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Jessie and James They are members of Team Rocket famous for their catchphrase: “If you ask me why we exist.”


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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Jessie: “Then here's the answer!”


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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James: “For the sake of maintaining world peace.”


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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Jessie: “For the sake of maintaining the air of the world.”


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James: “A great hero who works with love and peace.”


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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Jessie: “Jessie!”


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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James: “James!”


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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Jessie: “We're two great Team Rocket members.”


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James: “The wonderful future is before us!”


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Meowth: “And I'm Meowth!”


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Woobuffet: “Woobuffet!”


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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Team Rocket is the main antagonist team in the Pokémon series.


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The task of Jessie (Musashi), James (Kojiro), and Meowth (a unique Pokémon that can talk) is to steal Pokémon and their main target is Ash's Pikachu.


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By all means of disguise and tricks they try to trap Pikachu, but always fail.


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Jessie is a princess who comes from a middle-to-lower family, and is the most talkative and bragging member of Team Rocket.


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Since childhood has known Team Rocket because his mother worked there.


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When he was in school he often dreamed of having a Pikachu type of Pokémon.


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Her voice cast was Megumi Hayashibara in the Japanese version, and Rachel Lillis (seasons 1—8) continued by Michele Knotz in season 9 in the UK version.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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James comes from a wealthy family, and he decides to run away from home when he finds out that his father and mother are planning to marry his son to someone.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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James' voices are Shin-ichiro Miki (Japanese version), Ted Lewis (first 13 episodes of the British version), Eric Stuart (until the end of season 8), and Jimmy Zoppi from season 9 to the present.


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Gary Oak's rival Gary Oak (Shigeru), who was voiced by Yuko Kobayashi in the Japanese version and Jimmy Zoppi in the British version, is Ash's main rival.


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The first time he fought with Ash, he was very arrogant.


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He with Ash grew up in Pallet Town.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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Gary is the nephew of Prof. Oak. In the first episode of the Pokémon TV series, he handles all the Pokémon in Prof. Oak's lab. While in video games, he appears as the character Blue, which in Pokémon Gold and Silver he appears as the leader of a gym in the city of Viridian after Giovanni retires.


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The base of Gary Oak's character is Satoshi Tajiri's senior at Nintendo, Shigeru Miyamoto.


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Paul Paul (Shiniji) is an experienced Pokémon trainer around Kanto, Johto, and Hoenn.


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Then he went to Shinnoh and met with Ash Ketchum, and later became one of the heavy rivals of Ash.


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Even so, he is very respectful of the journey of Ash and his team.


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Delia Ketchum's supporting character Delia (Hanako) is the mother of Ash.


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Her voice-overs were Veronica Taylor (4Kids), Michelle Knotz (Pokémon USA), and Masami Toyoshima (Japanese version).


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Johanna Johanna (Ayako) is the mother of Dawn, where when young she was a successful Pokémon trainer, and inspired her son (Dawn) to do or exceed her mother's achievements.


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She is one of three protagonist mothers in the Pokémon series (two more are Caroline and Delia).


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Johanna has a Glameow type Pokémon.


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Caroline Caroline is the mother of May, and is one of three protagonist mothers in video games and TV series in addition to Johanna and Delia.


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He owned a Skitty-type Pokémon that later belonged to his son, May.


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Norman Norman Sister Joy Sister Joy (Joi) is the name for all Pokémon medical nurses.


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It works at Pokémon Centres, and sometimes works elsewhere.


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Brock is a man who is very infatuated with Joy, before he is finally jewer by Misty.


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His voice cast was Ayako Shiraishi, later replaced by Yuriko Yamaguchi and Kikuko Inoue.


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In the British version, Joy is voiced by Megan Hollingshead, Bella Hudson (Advanced Series), and Michele Knotz (Pokémon USA).


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Officer Jenny Officer Jenny (Junsa) is the name for all female police officers in the Pokémon series.


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Just like sister Joy, Brock is very infatuated with her before he is finally jewer by Misty.


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His voice-over is Chinami Nishimura (Japanese version).


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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While in the UK version, her voice was filled by Megan Hollingshead (seasons 1—6) Jamie Davyous Owens (seasons 7-8), Elisabeth Morinelli (season 9) and Kayzie Rogers in The Mastermind of Mirage Pokémon.


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Professor Samuel Oak Professor Samuel Oak (Yukinari Okido) is a Pokémon expert as well as an inventor of Pokédex and a guide to young Pokémon trainers in all TV series and Pokémon video games.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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In his lab he was assisted by several other scientists, and also Tracey Sketchit.


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Zoey Zoey (Nozomi) is Dawn's rival.


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Her voice-overs were Risa Hayamizu (Japanese version) and Emily Williams (British version).


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Sam Sam is one of the characters featured in the video game Pokémon Gold and Silver.


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His home is located in Newbark Town in Johto.


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The starter Pokémon he got from Professor Elm is Cyndaquil.


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Marina Marina is a colleague of Sam, where from Professor Elm she got a starter Pokémon of the type Totodile.


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Brendan Brendan is one of the main characters in the pokemon manga series and the Pokémon video game series Ruby, Sapphire, and Emerald.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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If in the anime series Ash Ketchum appears as the boyfriend of May, then in the video game&manga, it is Brendan who appears as May's boyfriend.


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Giovanni Giovanni Sakaki (Sakaki) is the supreme leader of Team Rocket.


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He inherited the post from his own mother.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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In addition, Geovanni is also the boss of Viridian City Gym.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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He was upset by hundreds of failures from Jessie, James, and Meowth.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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In addition to being known as the big boss of Team Rocket, he is also an inventor.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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He made Mewtwo in the film Mewtwo Strikes Back, but Mewtwo escaped from his hand and returned in Mewtwo Returns.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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His voice-overs were: Hirotaka Suzuoki and Kenta Miyake (Japanese version), as well as Ted Lewis (Season 1-8) and Craig Blair (Season 9-...) in the UK version.


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List of Pokémon characters

Butch and Cassidy Butch (Kosaburō) and Cassidy (Yamato) are the main rivals of Jessie, James, and Meowth.


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Unlike the aforementioned Team Rocket trio, Butch and Cassidy's duet became known as the highly successful Team Rocket duet, and they were later favored by Giovanni.


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Professor Birch Professor Birch (Doctor Odamaki) is a Pokémon expert from the Hoenn regional, with three typical Pokémon in Hoenn, Treecko, Torchic, and Mudkip.


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It was also the one who gave May its first Pokémon, Torchic.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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The fashion is very distinctive, with sweatshirts and lab coats, and also shorts and clogs.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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Professor Elm Professor Elm (Doctor Utsugi) is a Pokémon expert who lives in New Bark Town in the Johto region.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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He is a disciple of Professor Oak, and has three starter Pokémon, Chikorita, Cyndaquil, and Totodile.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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His signature outfit is a casual T-shirt with a lab coat and he always wears casual sandals, and occasionally wears flip-flops.


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Professor Ivy Professor Felina Ivy (Doctor Uchikido) is a Pokémon expert who lives on Orange Island, in the south of the Kanto region.


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In the second season of the TV series he was accompanied by Brock who joked with him about how developers breed Pokémon.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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Professor rowan Professor rowan is a professor who has three pokemon starters namely Turtwig, Chimchar, and Piplup he is also a pokemon expert in sinnoh region.


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He gives Piplup to Dawn.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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Ritchie Ritchie is a friend of Ash who lives in the Kanto region, then he becomes Ash's rival until the Kanto Tournament and then loses sportif to Ash.


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His signature outfit is a green shirt with a blue colored hat.


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Drew Drew (Shu) is one of May's rivals, and often makes fun of him when May loses.


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But when May won, she was always a member of roses to him.


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The Pokémon he has include Roserade, Flygon, Absol, Masquerain, and Butterfree.


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Professor Namba Professor Namba is one of the scientists possessed by Team Rocket, which Cassidy and Butch work on him.


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With them, Prof. Namba is often able to satisfy what Giovanni asks, and this certainly irks Jessie and James.


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Hunter J Hunter J is a Pokémon hunter that he then uses to sell for money.


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It has Drapion, Ariados, and Salamence.


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In an episode he intends to steal Gardevoir, Pikachu and Meowth.


Question: Who is the main character of Pokémon?

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In another episode he also tries to steal four Shieldons, but fails after Ash, Gary Oak, and all of Ash's other friends (including Jessie and James) participate in preventing the action.


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Professor Juniper Professor Juniper is a scientist from the Unova region.


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She was the first female professor in the history of Pokémon.


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Its laboratory is located in Nuvema Town.


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Outside Category:Pokémon Pokémon Characters


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantine Empire (other spellings: Byzantine, Byzantine, Byzantine, Byzantium) was the mainly Greek-speaking eastern region of the Roman Empire [1] in the Ancient and Middle Ages.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The inhabitants and neighbors of the Eastern Roman Empire dubbed this land the Roman Empire or Romania (Greek: ωμανία, Rōmanía).


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The empire was centered in Constantinople, and was overrun by the emperors who were the replacements of the ancient Roman emperors after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

There is no consensus on the exact date of the start of the Eastern Roman period.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Some refer to Diokletianus' period of power (284-305) due to the reforms of government he introduced, which divided the kingdom into pars Orientis and pars Occidentis. [2]


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The other party calls the period of power of Theodosius I (379—395), or after his death in 395, when the empire split into Eastern and Western parts.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

There are also those who call the year 476, when Rome was colonized for the third time in a century signifying the fall of the West (Latin), and resulting in the emperors of the East (Greece) gaining sole power. [3]


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In any case, a pivotal point in Eastern Roman history was when Constantine the Great moved the capital from Nicomedia (in Anatolia) to Byzantium (which would become Constantinople) in 330.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

This country stood for more than thousands of years.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

During its existence, Eastern Roman was a powerful economic, cultural, and military power in Europe, although it continued to regress, especially during the time of the Roman-Persian and Roman-East-Arab Wars.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The empire was restored during the Macedonian Dynasty, rising as a major power in the Eastern Mediterranean in the late 10th century, and was able to rival the Fatimiyad Caliphate.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

After 1071, most of Asia Minor was seized by the Seljuk Turks.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Komnenos Restoration succeeded in strengthening dominance in the 12th century, but after the death of Andronikos I Komnenos and the end of the Komnenos Dynasty in the late 12th century, the empire again went into decline.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Eastern Romans were further shaken at the time of the Fourth Crusade of 1204, when the empire was forcibly dissolved and split into contesting Greek and Latin kingdoms.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The empire was successfully re-established in 1261 under the chairmanship of the caisar-emperor Palaiologos, but civil war in the 14th century continued to weaken the imperial power.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The remainder of its territory was annexed by the Ottoman Sultanate in the East-Ottoman Roman Warfare.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Finally, Constantinople was successfully captured by the Ottomans on 29 May 1453, marking the end of the Eastern Roman Empire.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

This Imperial namesake began to be called “Byzantine” in Western Europe in 1557, when the German historian Hieronymus Wolf published his work entitled Corpus Historiæ Byzantinæ.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The term “Byzantine” comes from the word “Byzantium”, that is, the name of the city of Constantinople before it became the capital of Constantine the Great.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Since then, this old name has rarely been used, except in historical and poetic contexts.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Furthermore, the Byzantine du Louvre (Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ) of 1648 and Du Cange's Historia Byzantina of 1680 further modeled Byzantine terms among French authors, such as Montesquieu. [4]


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The term then disappeared until in the 19th century when Westerners resumed using it. [5]


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Previously, it was the Greek term that was used for this empire.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The country was nicknamed by its inhabitants by the name of the Roman Empire, the Empire of the Roman People (Latin: Imperium Romanum, Imperium Romanorum, Greek: Βασιλεία τν ωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíŏn, Αρχη τύν ωμαίων, Arche tôn Rhōmaíōn), Romania [1] (Latin: Romanian, Greek: ωμανία, Rhōmanía), The Roman Republic (Latin: Res Publica Romana, Greek: Πολιτεία τύν ωμαίων, Politeίa tôn Rhōmaíōn), [7] Graikía (Greek: Γραικία), [8] and also Rhōmaís (ωμας). [9]


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Although the Eastern Roman Empire has multiethnic features in its history, [10] as well as keeping the Roman-Hellenistic tradition, [11] it was known to the western and northern lands of its time under the name of the Empire of the Greeks [n 2] because of its strong Greek influence. [12]


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The use of the term Empire of the Greeks (Latin: Imperium Graecorum) in the West is emblematic of the rejection of the Byzantine claim to be the Roman Empire. [13]


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Eastern Roman claims to Roman inheritance were opposed in the West during the time of Maharani Irene of Athens due to the appointment of Karel the Great as Holy Roman Emperor in 800 by Pope Leo III, who viewed the Roman throne as vacant (no male ruler).


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Popes and rulers from the West preferred the term Imperator Romaniæ rather than Imperator Romanorum, a title used only for Karel the Great and his successors. [14]


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Meanwhile, in Persian, Islamic, and Slavic civilizations, the Roman identity of the country was recognized.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the Islamic world, the Eastern Roman Empire is known by the name روم (Rûm “Rome”). [15] [16] In modern historical atlases, the empire is usually dubbed the Eastern Roman Empire in the period between 395 to 610.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

On maps depicting the Empire after 610, the term Byzantine Empire is usually used because in 620 the emperor Heraclius switched the official language of the empire from Latin to Greek. [17]


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Teak self “The Eastern Roman Empire could be defined as a multi-ethnic empire that emerged as a Christian empire, which then soon consisted of the already Hellenized Eastern empire and ended its millennial history, in 1453, as the Greek Orthodox State: An empire which became a country, almost with the modern meaning of the word” .1 In the centuries following Arab colonization and Langobardi in the 7th century, its multi-ethnic (though not multi-nation) nature remained even though parts of it, the Balkans and Asia Minor, had large Greek populations.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Ethnic minorities and large communities of other religions (e.g. Armenians) live near the border.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The people of Eastern Romans considered themselves to be a Ρωμαίοι (Rhomaioi - Roman) which had become a synonym for an Έλλην (Hellene - Greek), and vociferously developed self-awareness as a state, as inhabitants of Ρωμανία (Romania, which was a call for the Eastern Roman State and his world).


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

It is prominently featured in literary works of the period, especially in wiracarita such as Digenes Akrites.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The official melting pot of the Eastern Roman state in the 15th century did not directly destroy Eastern Roman society.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the time of Turkish occupation, the Greeks continued to call themselves as Ρωμαίοι (Romans) and Έλληνες (Greeks), a trait that remained into the early 21st century and still exists in modern Greece today, although “Roman” has become the name of “the people” rather than a synonym of the nation just like old times.


Question: What is the religion professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

History History of the early Roman Empire The Roman forces when it had successfully controlled the vast area covering the entire Mediterranean area and most of Eastern Europe.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

These territories consist of various cultural groups, both still primitive and those that have had advanced civilizations.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In general, the provinces in the eastern Mediterranean region are more prosperous and developed because they have experienced rapid development during the Macedonian Empire and have undergone a process of hellenization.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Meanwhile, provinces in the West are mostly just rural lagging behind.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The differences between these two regions persisted for a long time and became important in the following years. [18]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Secession of the Roman Empire In 293, Diokletianus created a new administrative system (tetrarchy) [19] as an institution intended to streamline the control of the vast Roman Empire.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He divided the Empire into two parts, with two emperors reigning from Italy and Greece, each having a vice-emperor.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

After the period of power of Diocletianus and Maximianus ended, the tetrarchy collapsed, and Constantine I replaced it with the principle of hereditary replacement. [20]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Constantine moved the center of the empire, and brought important changes to the civil and religious constitution. [21]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In 330, he founded Constantinople as the second Rome in Byzantium.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The position of the city was strategic in trade between East and West.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The emperor introduced a coin (gold solidus) that was of high value and stable, [22] and changed the structure of the armed forces.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Under Constantine, the military power of the empire again recovered.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Periods of stability and well-being can also be enjoyed.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Under Constantine, Christianity did not become the exclusive religion of the state, but was supported by the empire, let alone the emperor supported it with abundant rights.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The emperor introduced the principle that the emperor did not need to resolve questions of doctrine, but needed to summon councils of raids for that purpose.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Synod of Arles was convened by Constantine, and the First Council of Nicaea exhibited its claim to be head of the church. [24]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The state of the empire of 395 can be said to be the result of Constantine's labor.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Dynastic principles were firmly applied so that the emperor who died in those days, Theodosius I, could bequeath the empire on his sons: Arcadius in the West and Honorius in the East.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Theodosius was the last emperor to control all of Western and Eastern Roman. [25]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Empire was spared the difficulties faced by the West in the third and fourth centuries, as the East had a more established urban culture and stronger financial resources, so it was able to stop the attackers with tribute and hire army-mercenaries.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Theodosius II strengthened the walls of Constantinople, so that the city was safe from attacks; it could not be breached until 1204.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

To expel the Huns under Attila's lead, Theodosius gave them a subsidy (supposedly 300kg (700lb) of gold). [26]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He also supported the merchants of Constantinople who traded with the Huns and other peoples.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

His successor, Marcianus, refused to continue paying this tribute.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Fortunately, Attila had turned his attention to the Western Roman Empire. [27]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

After his death of 453, the land of Attila collapsed and Constantinople opened favorable relations with the remaining Huns.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

They eventually fought as mercenaries in the Eastern Roman armed forces. [28]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

After the fall of Attila, peace could be enjoyed in Eastern Roman, while Western Roman collapsed (its collapse was recorded in 476, when the Germanic Roman general Odoacer deposed the emperor Romulus Augustulus).


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

To retake Italy, the emperor Zeno could only negotiate with the Ostrogoths who had settled in Moesia.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He sent the Ostrogoth king Theodoric to Italy as magister militum per Italiam (“head of command for Italy”).


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

After successfully toppling Odoacer in 493, Theodoric took control of Italy. [25]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In 491, Anastasius I became emperor.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He was an energetic reformist and capable administrator.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Anastasius perfected Constantine I's coinage system by regulating the weights of bronze follis, coins widely used in everyday life. [29]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He also changed the taxation system, as well as abolishing the disliked chrysargyron tax.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

When Anastasius passed away in 518, the amount of the state treasury was recorded at 320,000lbs (145,150kg) of gold. [30]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Western Roman reconquest of Justinianus I, who ascended the throne in 527, waged a Roman reconquest of the West. [31]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In 532, the son of the Illyrian peasant signed a peace treaty with Khosrau I of Persia.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Despite having to pay a large annual tribute, the Byzantine eastern front became secure.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the same year, Justinianus survived the Nika riots in Constantinople, which ended in the deaths of thirty thousand rioters.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

This victory strengthened Justinianus' position. [32]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Pope Agapetus I was sent to Constantinople by the Ostrogoth king Theodahad, but failed to reach a peace agreement with Justinianus.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

However, he managed to make monophysitism reviled.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Roman reconquest of the West began in 533.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Justinianus sent his general Belisarius and 15,000 soldiers to reclaim the province of Africa from the Vandals who had been in power since 429. [33]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Vandal kingdom was successfully subdued. [32]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Meanwhile, in Ostrogoth Italy, the Athalaric king died on 2 October 534.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

His mother, Amalasuntha, was imprisoned and killed by Theodahad on the island of Martana.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Justinianus saw it as an opportunity to intervene.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In 535, the Eastern Roman army was sent to Sicily.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Victory was achieved, but the Ostrogoths strengthened their resistance.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

A new victory was actually achieved in 540, when Belisarius seized Ravenna. [34]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Unfortunately, the Ostrogoths were successfully reunified under Totila's lead and captured Rome on 17 December 546.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Belisarius was drawn by Justinianus early in 549. [35]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The eunuch Narses succeeded him at the end of 551 by bringing an army of 35,000.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Totila was successfully defeated and killed in the Battle of Busta Gallorum.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

His successor, Teia, was successfully conquered in the Battle of Mons Lactarius (October 552).


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Subsequently, the Goths still continued to fight back.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Franka and Alamanni tribes launched their invasion.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Nevertheless, the war for control of the Italian peninsula had ended in an Eastern Roman victory. [36]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In 551, the Visigoth nobleman in Hispania, the Athanagilds, pleaded for the help of Justinianus in a rebellion against the king.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The emperor sent an army under the leadership of Liberius.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Roman Empire managed to control a sliver of territory on the Spanian coast until the time of Heraclius' rule. [37]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Meanwhile, in the east, the Roman-Persian Wars raged until 561, when Justinianus and Khosrau agreed to peace for 50 years.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

By the middle of 550, Justinianus had achieved victory in all wars, with the exception of in the Balkans, when the empire was continuously invaded by the Slavs.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In 559, the empire was threatened by Kutrigur and the Sklavinoi.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Justinianus summoned Belisarius, and once the danger had gone, the emperor took power himself.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The news that Justinianus was strengthening his Donaunya fleet made Kutrigur anxious, so they agreed with the tracts that gave them a subsidy and allowed them to go home safely over the river Donau. [32]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Justinianus is also noted for his achievements in the field of law. [38]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In 529, a commission numbering ten men headed by Iohannis Orientalis revised ancient Roman statutes.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The entire “statute of Justinianus” is today known as Corpus Juris Civilis.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

During the 6th century, Greco-Roman culture was still firmly influential in the East.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Christian philosophy and culture became increasingly important and began to dominate the old culture.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The hymns that Romanus Melodus mark the development of the Sacred Liturgy.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Aristek-architects and builders worked hard to complete the new church of Hagia Sophia which replaced the old church destroyed by the Nika riots.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

During the sixth and seventh centuries, the empire was rocked by a plague of pes, which destroyed many souls, as well as resulting in economic decline and weakening of the empire. [39]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

After Justinianus mangkat in 565, his successor, Yustinus II, refused to pay tribute for Persia.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Meanwhile, the Langobardi tribe invaded Italy.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Yustinus' successor, Tiberius II, gave subsidies to the Avars, while launching attacks on Persia.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The subsidies failed to appease the Avars.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

They captured the fortress of Sirmium in 582, while the Slavs began to cross the Donau river.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Maurice, who succeeded Tiberius, intervened in the Persian civil war, as well as putting Khosrau II back on the throne and marrying his daughter to him.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Maurice's tracts with his new brother-in-law brought about a new status quo in the east, and reduced defence costs during this peace (millions of solidi were successfully saved thanks to the remission of tributes for Persia).


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

After his victory on the eastern front, Maurice was able to turn his attention to the Balkans, and in 602, he succeeded in driving out the Avars and Slavic tribes. [25]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Shrinking borders of the Heraclius Dynasty After Maurice was killed by Phocas, Khosrau tried to conquer the Roman province of Mesopotamia. [40]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Phocas, an unpopular leader described as a “tyrant” in Eastern Roman sources, was the target of senate conspiracies.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He was dropped in 610 by Heraclius. [41]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

After Heraclius came to power, the Persian army continued to urge until it entered Asia Minor.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

They occupied Damascus and Jerusalem, and transferred the True Cross to Ctesiphon. [42]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Heraclius launched a counterattack with the hallmark of holy war.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Eastern Roman armies fought by carrying the image of Christ's acheiropoietos as a military ensign. [43]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Persian army was successfully destroyed in a battle at Nineveh of 627.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In 629, Heraclius returned the True Cross to Jerusalem in a grandiose ceremony. [44]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

This war weakened Eastern Roman and Sassaniyah Persia, as well as making both vulnerable to attacks by the rising Arab Muslims of the time. [45]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Arab army succeeded in crushing the Eastern Roman army in the Battle of Yarmuk of 636, and Ctesiphon fell in 634. [46] JMPL|left|350px|Eastern Roman Empire in 650.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Arab army, which had conquered Syria and the Levant, continuously invaded Anatolia, and between 674 to 678 besieged Constantinople.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Arab fleet was successfully driven out using Greek fire and a thirty-year truce was approved between the empire and the Umayyad Caliphate. [47]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The attacks on Anatolia continued and accelerated the demise of classical urban culture.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Many residents refortified smaller areas within the old city fortifications, or moved to nearby fortifications. [48]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The great Constantinople itself also shrank, from 500,000 inhabitants to only 40,000—70,000 alone, which was due to Constantinople losing its grain source in 618 when Egypt was seized by the Persians (the province could be recaptured in 629, but was eventually overrun by Arabs in year 642). [49]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The withdrawal of armies in the Balkans to fight against the Persians and Arabs in the east had opened the door to the expansion of the Slavic


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

As a result, as in Anatolia, many cities shrank into small fortified settlements. [50]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the 670s, the Bulgarians were urged south of the Donau river by the Khazars.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Roman army sent to dissolve these new settlements was defeated in 680.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Constantine IV then signed a treaty with the Bulgarian khan Asparukh, and the new Bulgarian state gained sovereignty over several Slavic tribes that had previously recognized Eastern Roman power. [51]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In 687—688, emperor Justinianus II led an expedition against Slavs and Bulgarians that was quite successful. [52]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The last Emperor Heraclius, Justinianus II, tried to destroy the power of the urban aristocracy through taxation and the appointment of “outsiders” in administrative posts.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He was put down in 695, and took refuge to the Khazars, then Bulgaria.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In 705, Justinianus II returned to Constantinople with the army of the Bulgarian khan, Tervel.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He reclaimed the throne, and established a regime of terror for his enemies.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Justinianus II was dropped back in 711, bringing to the end of the Heraclius Dynasty. [53]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Isaurian dynasty until the time when Basil I ascended the throne of JMPL|350px|Eastern Roman Empire when Leo III ascended the throne in 717.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The striped region was an area attacked by the Arabs.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Leo III managed to repel the Muslim attack of 718, and achieved victory with help from the Bulgarian khan, Tervel, who managed to kill 32,000 Arab troops with his army.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

His successor, Constantine V, achieved victory in northern Syria, and weakened Bulgarian power. [54]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In 826, the Arabs seized Crete and invaded Sicily, but on 3 September 863, the general Petronas managed to achieve a major victory in battle against Umar al-Aqta, the emir of Melitene.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Under the leadership of the Bulgarian emperor Krum, the Bulgarian threat resurfaced, but in 814, Krum's son, Omortag, made peace with the Eastern Roman Empire. [55] [56] The eighth and ninth centuries were condensed with controversy and religious schism resulting from iconoclasm.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The icons were banned by Leo III and Constantine V, which resulted in rebellions waged by iconodules (supporters of icons) throughout the empire.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

At the efforts of Maharani Irene, the Second Nicaese Council was convened in 787, and confirmed that icons could be venerated but not worshipped.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In 813, Leo V reestablished the policy of iconoclasm, but Maharani Theodora restored the veneration of icons with the help of Patriarch Methodios in 843. [57]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Iconoclasm widened the chasm of divisions between East and West, which got worse during the time of Photios's schism, when Pope Nikolas I opposed the appointment of Photios as patriarch. [58]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Macedonian Dynasty and the rise of the Warfare against the Muslim JMPL|350px|Eastern Roman Empire in 867.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

By 867, Eastern Roman had re-stabilized its position in the east and west.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Thanks to efficiency on the military structure, the emperor was able to plan a war of reconquest in the east.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The process of reconquest begins with an unfixed result.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Crete was successfully conquered temporarily (843), but subsequently the Eastern Roman army suffered defeat on the Bosporus, while the emperor was unable to prevent the Muslim conquest of Sicily (827—902).


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Using Tunisia as a springboard, Muslim armies conquered Palermo of 831, Messina of 842, Enna of 859, Siracusa of 878, Catania of 900, and the last Eastern Roman stronghold, Taormina, of 902.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The shortcomings were soon balanced through the success of the expedition against Damietta in Egypt (856), the defeat of Emir Melitene (863), the martification of imperial power in Dalmatia (867), and Basil I's attack on the Euphrates (870s).


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Basil I was able to handle the situation in southern Italy well, [59] so that the province would remain in Eastern Roman hands for the following 200 years. [60]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In 904, disaster struck the empire when its second city, Thessaloniki, was plundered by an Arab fleet led by the Eastern Roman traitor Leo of Tripoli.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Roman army retaliated by destroying the Arab fleet of 908, as well as plundering the Syrian city of Laodicea two years later.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Despite the reprisals, the Eastern Romans were unable to shake the Muslims, who had destroyed the imperial army in Crete in 911. [61]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The situation on the border with Arabia remains fluid.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Varangia, who invaded Constantinople for the first time in 860, became a new challenge.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In 941, they appeared on the coast of the Bosporus part of Asia.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

This time they were successfully destroyed, demonstrating the strengthening of Eastern Roman military power after 907, when only diplomacy was able to repel the attackers.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Emperors Nikephoros II Phokas (ruling 963—969) and Ioannes I Tzimiskes (969—976) expanded the imperial territory up to Syria, subjugating the emir-emirs of northwestern Iraq, as well as reconquering Crete and Cyprus.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

During Ioannes' reign, the imperial army briefly threatened Jerusalem. [62]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Emirate of Aleppo and its neighbors became vassal of the empire.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

After much waging of military campaigns, the last Arab threat to Eastern Romans was successfully conquered when Basil II quickly withdrew his 40,000 riding army to liberate Roman Syria.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

With a surplus of natural resources, Basil II planned an expedition to Sicily to seize it from the Arabs.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

After his death in 1025, the expedition set out in the 1040s, and managed to achieve early success, but that success was further hampered.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Warfare against the Bulgarian Empire The old tussle with the Holy See continued; this time it resulted from the struggle of religious power over newly Christianized Bulgaria.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

As a result, Tsar Simeon I launched an invasion in 894, but it was successfully stopped through Eastern Roman diplomacy, which pleaded for help from the Hungarians.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Romans were eventually defeated in the Battle of Bulgarophygon (896) and were required to pay tribute to the Bulgarians.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Subsequently (912), Simeon succeeded in forcing the Eastern Romans to grant him the throne of the Bulgarian basileus (emperor) and make Emperor Constantine VII marry one of Simeon's daughters.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

When a revolt in Constantinople hampered these efforts, Simeon invaded Trakia and conquered Adrianople. [63]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The imperial expedition under the leadership of Leo Phocas and Romanos Lekapenos suffered a major defeat in the Battle of Acheloos (917), and in the following year Bulgaria entered and raided northern Greece up to as far as Corinth.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Adrianople was successfully recaptured in 923, but in 924 the Bulgarian army besieged Constantinople.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The situation in the Balkans improved after Simeon's death of 927.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In 968, Bulgaria was overrun by Rus' under the leadership of Sviatoslav I of Kiev.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Three years later, Emperor Ioannes I Tzimiskes succeeded in defeating the Rus' nation and incorporating eastern Bulgarian territories into the empire.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Bulgarian resistance raged at the time of the Cometopuli dynasty.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The new emperor Basil II (ruling 976—1025) attempted to subdue the Bulgarians.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Basil's first expedition suffered a failure at the Trajanus Gate.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the following years, the emperor was preoccupied with internal rebellions in Anatolia, while the Bulgarians expanded their power in the Balkans.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The war was protracted for nearly twenty years.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Roman victories at Spercheios and Skopje succeeded in weakening the Bulgarian army.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In his annual military campaigns, Basil continued to reduce the number of Bulgarian fortifications.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Finally, in the Battle of Kleidion of 1014, Bulgaria was successfully defeated. [64]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Bulgarian army was captured, and supposedly 99 out of 100 soldiers were blinded, while the rest were given one eye on leading their countrymen home.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

When Tsar Samuil witnessed the fate of his soldiers, he died as a result of shock.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

By 1018, the last Bulgarian strongholds had surrendered, and their country became part of Eastern Roman.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

This victory restored the borders of Donau, which had not been controlled since the time of the emperor Heraclius. [63]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Relations with Rus' Kiev Between the years 850 to 1100, the empire fostered relations with Rus' Kiev.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Romans were cultural and trading partners for Kiev, but relations between them were not always warm.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The most serious conflict between the two countries was the war of 968—971 in Bulgaria.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Rus' attacks on Eastern Roman cities on the Black Sea coast and Constantinople are also recorded in history.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Although those attacks can be dispelled, they end up with tracts of Rus' lucrative trade.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Eastern Rus'-Roman relations improved after Anna Porphyrogenita's marriage to Vladimir the Great.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Thanks to Christianization anyway, the relationship of the two countries is getting sweeter.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Eastern Romanesque clergy, architects, and performers were invited to assist in the craftsmanship of the cathedrals and churches in Rus', so that the influence of Eastern Roman culture


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Several Rus' soldiers became mercenaries within the Eastern Roman armed forces, with the most famous being the Varangian Guard.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The peak of the Eastern Roman Empire stretched from Armenia in the east to Calabria in the west. [63]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Many successes have been achieved, from the conquest of Bulgaria, the annexation of Georgian and Armenian territories, to the annihilation of Egyptian attackers outside Antioch.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Those victories were still not enough; Basil considered repelling the Arab occupation of Sicily.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He planned to reconquer the island, but death first demanded his life in 1025. [63]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Roman crisis and schism soon became mired in a period of hardship, mainly resulting from system breakdowns and military neglect.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Nikephoros II (963—969), Ioannes Tzimiskes and Basil II transformed the military divisions (τάγματα, tagmata) from defensive, resident armed forces into professional armies heavily filled by mercenaries.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

However, the costs that must be incurred to hire mercenaries are not small.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Meanwhile, the threat of invasion continued to surpass in the tenth century, and so did the costly needs of garrisons and fortifications. [65]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Basil II inherited a growing treasury on his successors, but forgot to plan for a successor.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

None of his successors had political or military talent, so imperial rule fell into the hands of civil servants.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Attempts to restore the Eastern Roman economy only resulted in inflation and the declining value of gold coins.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The armed forces were then seen as an insignificant necessity and a political threat.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Therefore, native soldiers were sacked and replaced by foreign mercenaries. [66]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

At the same time, the empire faced an ambitious new enemy.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Roman provinces of southern Italy were threatened by the Norman nation, who came to Italy in the early eleventh century.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

During the period of strife between Constantinople and Rome that ended with the East-West Schism of 1054, Norman tribes began to storm Byzantine Italy. [67]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Romans also lost their influence over the seaside towns in Dalmatia due to the seizure of Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia in 1069. [68]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

It is in little Asia that the biggest disaster will happen.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Seljuq Turks waged their first explorations across the Eastern Roman border into Armenia in 1065 and 1067.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Emergencies were charged at the military aristocracy in Anatolia who in 1068 secured the election of one of their own, Romanos Diogenes, as emperor.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the summer of 1071, Romanos waged a major military campaign against the Seljuks.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

At the Battle of Manzikert, Romanos not only suffered defeat at the hands of Sultan Alp Arslan, but was also captured.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Alp Arslan treated him with respect, and did not impose harsh terms on the Eastern Romans. [66]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Meanwhile, in Constantinople, a coup in favor of Michael Doukas took place.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In 1081, the Seljuks expanded their power in Anatolia.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Their territory stretched from Armenia in the east to Bithynia in the west.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Seljuk capital was established in Nicea, which is only 55 miles (88km) from Constantinople. [69]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Komnenos dynasty and the Crusader Alexios I and the First Crusade After the battle of Manzikert, thanks to the efforts of the Komnenos dynasty, the recovery was successful. [70]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The first emperor of this dynasty was Isaakius I (1057—1059), and the second was Alexios I. In his time of power, Alexios faced a Norman attack led by Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund of Taranto.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

They seized Dyrrhachium and Corfu, as well as besieging Larissa in Thessaly.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Robert Guiscard's death in 1085 eased Norman problems temporarily.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Meanwhile, Alexios managed to defeat Pecheneg in the Battle of Levounion on April 28, 1091. [25]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

After achieving stability in the West, Alexios could turn his attention to economic difficulties and the disintegration of the empire's old defenses. [71]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He wanted to reclaim loose territory in Asia Minor and destroy the Seljuks, but did not have enough soldiers.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

At the Council of Piacenza of 1095, Alexios' envoys addressed Pope Urbanus II regarding the plight of Christians in the East, and stressed that without help from the West, they would continue to suffer the consequences of Muslim power.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Urban viewed Alexios' plea as an opportunity to solidify Western Europe and strengthen papal power. [72]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

On 27 November 1095, Pope Urbanus II called for a holy war to reclaim Jerusalem and the East from Muslim hands. [25]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Alexios had been looking forward to help in the form of mercenaries from the West, but was completely unprepared to deal with the great forces that would pass through Eastern Roman territory.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Alexios was uncomfortable that four of the eight main crusader leaders were Norman, one of them Bohemund.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Crusaders had to pass through Constantinople.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Fortunately, the emperor managed to handle it.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He required that the leaders of the crusade swear that on their way to the Holy Land, they should cede the territories or cities they had conquered from the Turks to the Eastern Romans.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In exchange, Alexios would provide them with guides, food supplies, and military escorts. [73]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Thanks to that oath, Alexios managed to regain control of important cities and islands, and even much of western Asia Minor.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Unfortunately, the crusaders believed their oath was already out of force when Alexios did not assist them in the siege of Antioch (he had actually prepared the way to Antioch, but Stephen of Blois convinced him to retreat.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Stephen assured him that the expedition had failed). [74]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Bohemund, who established himself as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war against the Eastern Romans, but eventually agreed to become Eastern Roman vassal in the Devol Tractate of 1108.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Thanks to the tracts, Norman's threat was successfully quelled. [75]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Ioannes II, Manouel I, and the Second Crusade of Alexios' son, Ioannes II Komnenos, succeeded him in 1118, and ruled until 1143.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Ioannes was a soleh and dedicated emperor, who wanted to repair the damage caused by the Battle of Manzikert. [76]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He was renowned for his piety and his period of gentle and just power.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Ioannes is an example of a moral leader, in a time when cruelty was the norm. [77]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Thus, he was nicknamed as the Byzantine Marcus Aurelius.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

During his time of power, Ioannes allied himself with the Holy Roman Empire in the West, defeating the Pecheneg in the Battle of Beroia, [78] as well as leading military campaigns against the Turk Nation in Asia Minor.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Ioannes' military campaign changed the balance of forces in the east, forcing the Turks to take defensive positions, as well as recapture Eastern Roman cities in Anatolia. [79]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He also succeeded in repelling Hungarian and Serbian attacks in the 1120s. In 1130, Ioannes allied himself with the German emperor Lothair III.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

They jointly fought against the Norman king, Roger II of Sicily. [80]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the final days of his power, Ioannes concentrated his activities in the East.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He defeated the Danishmend emirate, reconquered all of Cilicia, and forced Raymond of Poitiers, Prince of Antioch, to recognize Eastern Roman power.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In an attempt to demonstrate the Eastern Roman role as a leader in the Christian world, Ioannes advanced to the Holy Land.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

His hopes were pupus because of the treachery of his crusader allies. [81]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In 1142, Ioannes re-emphasized his claim to Antioch, but he died in 1143 as a result of a hunting incident.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Raymond ventured to invade Cilicia, but failed and was forced to go to Constantinople to beg for the mercy of the new emperor. [82] JMPL|left|300px|Eastern Roman Empire (color purple) of 1180, at the end of the Komnenos period.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Manouel I Komnenos, the fourth son of Ioannes, was elected successor to the imperial throne.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He waged a military campaign against his neighbours to the west and east.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In Palestine, he allied himself with the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and sent a large fleet to take part in the invasion of Fatimiyyah Egypt.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Manouel solidified his position as maharaja of the Crusader states.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

His hegemony of Antioch and Jerusalem was ensured through consent with Raynald, Prince of Antioch, and Amalric, King of Jerusalem. [83]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In an attempt to restore Eastern Roman power in the ports of Southern Italy, Manouel sent an expedition to Italy of 1155, but a dispute with the coalition resulted in the failure of this military campaign.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Despite this, Manouel's armed forces successfully overran the Kingdom of Hungary in 1167.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Hungarian army can be defeated in the Battle of Sirmium.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

By 1168, almost the entire eastern Adriatic coast was in Manouel's hands. [84]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Manouel then allied himself with the Pope and the Western Christian kingdoms.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

At the time of the Second Crusade, crusaders had to pass through Eastern Roman territory to reach the holy land.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Manouel let them through, and made sure the crusaders didn't cause chaos. [85]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the east, Manouel suffered a defeat in the Battle of Myriokephalon of 1176.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

However, the defeat was soon corrected.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the following year, Manouel successfully defeated the Turkish army. [86]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Roman commander Ioannes Vatatzes, who crushed the Turkish attackers in the Battles of Hyelion and Leimocheir, not only brought troops from the capital, but also managed to gather an army en route.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

This was a sign that the Eastern Roman army remained strong and the defense program in western Asia Minor was still successful. [87]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The twelfth-century renaissance Ioannes and Manouel implemented an active military policy, and made use of existing resources for city defense or siege.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Aggressive fortification policies constitute their military policy. [88]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Despite the defeat at Myriokephalon, the policies of Alexios, Ioannes, and Manouel, succeeded in expanding imperial territory, achieving frontier stability in Asia Minor, as well as securing the empire's European borders.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

From 1081 to 1180, the armed forces of Komnenos guaranteed the security of Eastern Romans, so that Eastern Roman civilization had a chance to flourish. [89]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Western provinces were able to achieve an economic revival.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

During the twelfth century, the number of inhabitants and agricultural land increased.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Archaeological evidence from Europe and Asia Minor suggests an enlargement of the town's settlements


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

At this time, trade also flourished. [90]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the artistic sphere, there appeared a renaissance within the field of mosaics.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Regional schools of architecture began producing many new styles derived from various cultural influences. [91]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

During the twelfth century, models of early humanism emerged as a renaissance of interest in classical writers. [92]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The decline and disintegration of the Angeloi Dynasty Manouel died on 24 September 1180.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He was succeeded by his eleven-year-old son, Alexios II Komnenos.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Alexios II was woefully incompetent.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

His reign was less favoured because of the Franka background of his mother, Mary of Antioch. [93]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Eventually, Andronikos I Komnenos, Alexios I's grandson, inflamed a rebellion against his brother and managed to bring him down in a coup.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He staged a march on Constantinople in August 1182 taking advantage of his popularity in the armed forces.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Next Andronikos initiated the massacre of the Latins. [94]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

After finishing off his enemies, he declared himself emperor in September 1183.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Andronikos uprooted Alexios II's life and deprived Alexios' 12-year-old wife Agnes of France. [94]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Andronikos started his reign well.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The reform of government he launched was praised by historic-historians.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

According to George Ostrogorsky, Andronikos was dedicated to root out corruption down to its roots.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Under his authority, the sale of positions was halted.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The selection of officials is based on merit, not on compassionate choosing.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Officials were given decent wages so that bribery practices could be reduced. [95]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The aristocrats were furious with him.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Meanwhile, Andronikos' behaviour was also seen as unfavorable.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Death sentences and violence often occur, so his time of power became a regime of terror. [96]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Andronikos seeks to finish off the aristocracy.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The struggle against the aristocracy turned into a massacre, while the emperor waged more cruel measures to prop up his regime. [95]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Despite his military background, Andronikos was unable to resist Isaakius Komnenos of Cyprus, Béla III of Hungary who annexed Croatian territories, and Stefan Nemanja of Serbia who declared independence from Eastern Romans.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Things got worse when William II of Sicily invaded the Eastern Romans with a war force of 300 ships and 80,000 soldiers in 1185. [97]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Andronikos mobilized a small fleet of 100 ships to protect the capital.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

These attackers can only be expelled during the reign of the next emperor, Isaakius Angelos.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

For the support of the people, Andronikos was eventually dropped by Isaakius Angelos. [98]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The emperor who had been dropped attempted to flee with his wife, but was captured.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Isaakius handed it over to the mob for three days.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

After assorted tortures, Andronikos was finally killed on 12 September 1185.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He was a member of the last Komnenos Dynasty to control Constantinople.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Isaakius Angelos of the Angeloi Dynasty succeeded him as emperor.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

During the reign of Isaakius II, as well as that of his successor Alexios III Angelos, Eastern Roman rule and defenses began to crumble.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Although the Norman was successfully expelled from Greece, in 1186 the Vlach and Bulgar waged a rebellion that culminated to the founding of the Second Bulgarian Empire.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Angeloi's domestic policy characterizes waste of public property and fiscal maladministration.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Eastern Roman rule continued to weaken, and a growing power vacuum in the empire triggered divisions.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

One proof is when some of Komnenos's successors established a semi-independent state in Trebizond before 1204. [99]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

According to Alexander Vasiliev, “the Angeloi dynasty hastened the empire's collapse. “[100]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Fourth Crusade In 1198, Pope Innocensius III began talks on a new crusade through legatus and encyclical letters. [101]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The goal of the crusade was to conquer Egypt, which was the center of Muslim power in the Levant.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Crusaders who arrived in Venice in the summer of 1202 were smaller in number than anticipated.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Nor did they have sufficient funds to hire a Venetian fleet.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

In exchange for payment, the Crusaders agreed to help seize the (Christian) port of Zara in Dalmatia (Venetian vassal city, but rebelled and protected by Hungary in 1186). [102]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Zara was successfully captured in November 1202 after a short siege. [103]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Innocensius, who had been informed of the plan but his opposition ignored, did not want to jeopardize the plans of the Crusades, so he granted a conditional pardon to the Crusaders, but Venice did not get it. [104]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

After Theobald III died, the Crusader leadership changed hands to Bonifacius of Montferrat, a friend of Philip of Swabia.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Both Boniface and Philip had married members of the Eastern Roman imperial family.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Philip's brother-in-law, Alexios Angelos (son of Emperor Isaakius II Angelos, who had been put down and blinded), pleaded for help to Europe and had been in contact with the Crusaders.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Alexios offered the reunification of the Eastern Romanesque church with Rome, payment of 200,000 silver marks, and other favors. [105]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Innocensius knew of plans to divert the Crusade to Constantinople and forbid an attack on the city, but the new pope's letter arrived after the fleet had left Zara.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Crusaders arrived in Constantinople in the summer of 1203.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Alexios III fled the capital.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Alexios Angelos ascended the throne as Alexios IV along with his blind father, Isaakius.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Unfortunately, Alexios IV and Isaakius II were unable to keep their promises and were dropped by Alexios V. The crusaders took Constantinople on 13 April 1204.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Constantinople was then looted for three days.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Many icons, reliquaries, and other objects in Constantinople, were transported to Western Europe.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

According to Choniates, prostitution was established on the patriarch's throne. [106]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

As Innosensius III heard of the behavior of the Crusaders, he was about to punish them, but the situation was out of control, especially after his legates, who on his own initiative, relieved the Crusaders from their duty to conquer the Holy Land. [63] [104] When the rule had been restored, the Crusaders and Venetians decreed their assent: Baldwin of Flandria was chosen as emperor and Thomas Morosini of Venice was appointed patriarch.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

So stood the Latin Empire in Constantinople.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Meanwhile, Eastern Roman refugees established their own states, with the most important being the Empire of Nicea, the Empire of Trebizond, and the Prosperity of Epirus. [104]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The fall of the Eastern Roman Empire in its banishment After the Crusaders plundered Constantinople of 1204, two Eastern Roman states stood up: the Empire of Nicea and the Prosperity of Epirus.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

A third state, the Empire of Trebizond, was founded by Alexios I of Trebizond a few weeks before the plundering of Constantinople.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Among these three countries, Epirus and Nicea were the countries most likely to recapture Constantinople.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Empire of Nicea continued to struggle to stay afloat, and by the mid-13th century had lost much of its territory in southern Anatolia. [107]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The weakening of the Sultanate of Rûm due to the attacks of the Mongols of 1242—43 allowed the beylik and ghazi to establish their own principalities in Anatolia, thus weakening Eastern Roman power in Asia Minor. [108]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

However, the Mongol invasion also gave time for Nicea to turn its attention to the Latin Empire.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The reconquest of Constantinople The Empire of Nicea succeeded in recapturing Constantinople from the Latins of 1261.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Subsequently, they also managed to defeat Epirus.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

So Eastern Roman was successfully restored under the leadership of Michael VIII Palaiologos.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

However, the empire torn apart by war is now vulnerable to the enemies around it.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

To strengthen his army in warfare against the Latin Empire, Michael withdrew troops from Asia Minor, and levied high taxes from peasants, resulting in resentment. [109]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Massive building projects were waged in Constantinople to repair the damage caused by the Fourth Crusade, but none of these ventures benefited peasants in Asia Minor, who suffered as a result of the ghazi-ghazi attacks.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Michael chose to expand the empire's territory rather than keep its colonies in Asia Minor.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

To prevent another plunder, he forced the church to submit to Rome, which became a temporary solution. [110]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Subsequently, Emperor Andronikos II, then his grandson Emperor Andronikos III, attempted to resurrect the empire, but Andronikos II's hired mercenaries often backfired. [111]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The rise of the Ottomans and the fall of Constantinople The situation got worse after Andronikos III died.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Civil war for six years raged in the empire, and the earthquake at Gallipoli of 1354 destroyed the fortifications, so that the Ottomans (hired as mercenaries during the civil war by Ioannes VI Kantakouzenos) could strengthen their position in Europe. [112]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

As the civil war had ended, the Ottomans had defeated the Serbs and subjugated them as vassals.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

After the Battle of Kosovo, most of the Balkans had been dominated by the Ottomans. [113]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The emperor begged for help from the west, but the pope would only send aid if the Eastern Orthodox Church was willing to reunite with the Holy See.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Unification of the churches had been envisaged, and sometimes carried out through imperial edicts, but the inhabitants and the Orthodox clergy resented the authority of Rome and the Latin Rite. [114]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Several Western armies came and strengthened the defenses of Constantinople, but most Western rulers, preoccupied with their respective affairs, did nothing when the Ottomans annexed one by one the rest of the Eastern Roman territories. [115]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

On 2 April 1453, Sultan Mehmed II with an army numbering 80,000 besieged Constantinople. [116]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Constantinople finally fell into Ottoman hands on 29 May 1453.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The last Eastern Roman emperor, Constantine XI Palaiologos, was seen taking off his oversized sign and engaging himself in battle after the city walls were seized. [117]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Post-collapse Eastern Roman Mehmed II conquered the small states of Mistra, Greece, in 1460, and Trebizond in 1461.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

By the end of the 15th century, the Ottoman Sultanate had taken control of Asia Minor and parts of the Balkans.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Meanwhile, the Principality of Donau received Orthodox displacements and Eastern Roman nobles.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

The last emperor's nephew, Andreas Palaiologos, inherited the title of Eastern Roman Emperor and used it from 1465 until his death in 1503. [14]


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

Subsequently, the emperor's role as patron of the Eastern Orthodox was claimed by Ivan III, Grand Duke of Mokswa.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

He had married Andreas' brother, Sophia Paleologue.


Question: What religion is professed by the Wangsa of Karling?

Eastern Roman Empire

His grandson, Ivan IV, would become the first Tsar of Russia (tsar, or czar, means caesar, is the term the Slavs formerly used for Eastern Roman Emperors).