Question: Who made the contents of the United States diplomatic wire leak?

However if the current existing coalition broke up, for example due to the defection of Foreign Minister (and New Zealand's first leader) Winston Peters, the Labour Party might have to split its power with the more radical Labour Party to form a new government.


Question: Who made the contents of the United States diplomatic wire leak?

Contents of the United States diplomatic wire leak (New Zealand)

This would threaten the Labour Party's image among more popular New Zealanders. [3]


Question: Who made the contents of the United States diplomatic wire leak?

Reference Outlinks by WikiLeaks Category:Economy New Zealand Category:United States—New Zealand Relations Category:Politics New Zealand Category:Diplomatic Wire Leaks United States


Question: where was fossil fuel technology first invented?

Fossil fuels

Fossil fuels or mineral fuels, are natural resources containing hydrocarbons such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas.


Question: where was fossil fuel technology first invented?

Fossil fuels

The use of fossil fuels has driven industrial development and replaced windmills, hydropower, and also burning wood or peats for heat.


Question: where was fossil fuel technology first invented?

Fossil fuels

When generating electricity, energy from burning fossil fuels is often used to drive turbines.


Question: where was fossil fuel technology first invented?

Fossil fuels

Old generators often use steam generated from combustion to rotate turbines, but in new power plants gas from combustion is used to rotate gas turbines directly.


Question: where was fossil fuel technology first invented?

Fossil fuels

The burning of fossil fuels by humans is a major source of carbon dioxide which is one of the greenhouse gases believed to cause global warming.


Question: where was fossil fuel technology first invented?

Fossil fuels

A small amount of hydrocarbon fuel is a bio fuel obtained from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and therefore does not add carbon dioxide in the air.


Question: where was fossil fuel technology first invented?

Fossil fuels

See also Fossil Links Outside Category:Fuels Category:Geology


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Lexmark International, Inc. (NYSE:) is an American company that develops and manufactures printer and imaging products, and provides all needs for all sizes of printers and image processing software, solutions and services including laser printers, Multifunctional products, printer equipment, and business services for businesses and companies.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

The company is headquartered in Lexington, Kentucky, United States.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Lexmark Company History was formed in 1991 when the IBM company divested for printer and supply printer needs to investment firm Clayton & Dubilier & Rice, Inc. [1] [2].


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Lexmark became a publicly traded company and went public with shares traded on the New York Stock Exchange on November 15, 1995 [3].


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Operating area The company's offices and HR and development offices are located at its headquarters in Lexington with additional R&D facilities located in Cebu, Philippines, Kansas in America and India [4].


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

In addition the Lexmark company has branch offices throughout North and South America, Asia, Africa and the European region.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

The company has more than 13,000 employees worldwide.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

In addition to hardware makers under their own names, Lexmark is also an original equipment manufacturer (English: original equipment manufacturer) or abbreviated OEM for printers for other major companies, such as Dell and IBM InfoPrint.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Lexmark also develops printing solutions and development services for touchscreen use on printers that provide access to many software applications that can reduce the process complexity typically found in manual paper printers.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

The Lexmark company experienced rapid growth in 2005 when John Gamble jr. joined the company as CFO.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Acquisition In May 2010, the Lexmark company entered into a definitive agreement to acquire the company Perceptive Software to build and strengthen the company focused on Lexmark's workflow document solutions and print services management offerings [5].


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Perceptive Software is a software company that develops enterprise content management (English: enterprise content management) or abbreviated ECM, business management process (English: business process management) or abbreviated as BPM, and document output management applications (English: document output management) or abbreviated DOM.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Perceptive Software Company is headquartered in Kansas City, Kansas, United States. with branch offices in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates, and the United Kingdom, the company employs over 900 workers.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

In 2011, the company Lexmark International purchased the Netherlands-based company Pallas Athena in a cash transaction valued at approximately $50.2 million [6].


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

The aforementioned Dutch company is now part of the Perceptive Software company.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

The purchase of Pallas Athena strengthens Lexmark in the field of print services management (English: managed print services) or abbreviated MPS and business process solutions with the addition of business process management (BPM), document output management (DOM) and software mining process capabilities (English: process mining software capabilities).


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

On March 5, 2012, Lexmark announced the acquisition of a Luxembourg company, BDGB Enterprise, including its American subsidiary, Brainware Inc., for a cash purchase price of approximately $148 million [7].


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Brainware Inc. company's intelligent data collecting platform, accurately performs the extraction of critical information from paper and electronic documents, validates the extracted data and channels it on customer data management systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP) and/or systems financial management.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

The Brainware brand was integrated into “Perceptive Intelligent Capture (English: Perceptive Intelligent Capture), a Brainware production”, on October 15, 2012 [8].


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

On 19 March 2012, Lexmark acquired an Australian company, ISYS Search Software for $32 million and an American-based company, Nolij Corporation for $32 million [9].


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

ISYS builds enterprise search solutions, and Nolij develops web-based document imaging and workflow software.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Printer hardware offering|Ka|JMPL|200px|Lexmark X5450 printers The Lexmark Company specializes in the field of manufacturing printers and printer accessories.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

The company's current product range includes color laser printers, monochrome laser printers and inkjet printers, all of which can follow with scanners (including all-in-one devices with fax, scanners and photo printers), and already dot matrix printers.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Lexmark was one of the first companies to release a Wi-Fi inkjet printer and the first to release a printer with a web-enabled touchscreen.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

The company also offers a wide range of laser printers with software solutions for use in professional printing environments.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

A series of special series printers - if equipped with accessory cards sold separately (one memory card for storing data and one Lexmark form card) - are capable of interpreting textual data and converting them into form forms.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

To create the form forms needed for work, the printer used the “Lexmark Forms Composer” software package, an exclusive package available from the Lexmark company aimed at developers.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

It's the same type of software that began to be used on recent releases of Lexmark printers with their business card scanning capabilities.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Discontinuation of inkjet printer production Coinciding with August 28, 2012, Lexmark announced that it would discontinue its inkjet printer production line. [10] [11].


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Accordingly, Lexmark will close its inkjet printer needs supply production facility in the Philippines by the end of 2015.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Lexmark will continue to provide service supply, support and after-sales service for its installed inkjet printer base [12].


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Legal case A victory in court in 2005 was obtained by the Lexmark company in ACRA's corporate case against Lexmark.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

The case stated that Lexmark could use “Only worn once”, a policy written on the side of the box of Lexmark printer cartridges sold to certain large customers at a discount, with the sense that the customer would re-purchase the cartridge to Lexmark after consumables.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

This means that customers can face lawsuits if they violate the agreement, and do not repurchase the cartridge (using 3rd party cartridges).


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

But also in 2005, the Lexmark company suffered a legal defeat in Lexmark's case against the company Static Control Components, when the U.S. Supreme Court rejected a petition from the Lexmark company, so it rejected their efforts to have the Court hear the case.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

In this case, the defendant was a microchip manufacturer that allowed ink and toner from third parties to work on printers, including the company's production printer Lexmark.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

In these printers there is a feature that will require authentication from the microchip for the cartridge ink/toner to work, it is designed to prevent users from refilling the cartridge.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

But on the latest firmware update for Lexmark printers allowed the Lexmark company to prevent users from refilling ink cartridges or using ink cartridges from third parties.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

See also Lexmark Product List Reference Outlink Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Where is the headquarters of Lexmark International, Inc.?

Lexmark

Category:United States Companies Category:Companies established in 1991 Category:Information technology companies United States


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Divorce is the end of a marriage.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

When both spouses don't want to continue their married life, they can ask the government to be separated.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

During a divorce, the couple must decide how to divide their possessions acquired during the marriage such as a house, car, furniture or contract), and how they receive the costs and obligations of caring for their children.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Many countries have laws and rules on divorce, and that couple can resolve them to the courts.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Divorce type Divorce life - Divorce due to a court ruling that has a permanent legal force.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Divorce is dead - Divorce resulting from one of the spouses has died.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Causes of divorce The causative factors of divorce include the following: Disharmony in the household The reasons above are the reasons that are most often stated by married couples — wives who are going to divorce.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Disharmony can be caused by various things, such as financial crisis, mortal crisis, and the presence of a third person.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

In other words, the term harmony is too general that it requires more detailed details.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Moral and moral crisis In addition to disharmony in the household, divorce also often acquires a basis in the form of moral and moral crises, which can be carried out of responsibility by either husband or wife, unhealthy polygamy, persecution, abuse and other behavioral vices done either by husband or wife, for example drunk, fornication, involved in criminal acts, even debts receivable.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Adultery In addition, another problem that can result in divorce is adultery, which is extramarital sexual intercourse conducted by both husband and wife.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Marriage without love Another reason that is often put forward by husbands and wives, to end a marriage is that their marriage has taken place without the foundation of love.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

To overcome the difficulties resulting from a loveless marriage, couples must reflect themselves to understand the real problem, also have to strive to try to create cooperation in producing the best decisions.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

The existence of problems in marriage In a marriage will definitely not be separated from the name of the problem.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Problems in marriage are a common thing, but protracted and irreconcilable shuffles will automatically be followed by a bed split like an affair between a husband and wife.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

The first step in tackling a marital problem is: The existence of openness between husbands and wives Trying to appreciate the spouse If in the family there is a problem, it should be resolved carefully The mutual affection between the spouses Along with the progress of information technology, The cause of divorce in Indonesia is growing rapidly.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Perhaps if summed up as a whole there are more than 40 causes of divorce.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

However, if it can be simplified the cause of divorce on practice in being: a. zina with 1,896 cases.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

b.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

drunk with the number of 4,264 cases c. madat with the number of 1,189 cases.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

d.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

gambling with the amount of 2,179 cases.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

e.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

leaving one of the parties with the number of 70,958 litigants f. Punishable by imprisonment with the amount of 4,898 litigants.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

g.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

polygamy with the number of 1,697 litigants.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

h.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

domestic violence (KDRT) with a number of 8,453 cases.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

i.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

body defects as many as 432 cases j. disputes and quarrels continuously with the amount of 152,575 cases.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

k.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Forced mating as many as 1,976 cases.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

l.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

lapsed as many as 600 cases.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

m.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

economy as many as 105,266 cases.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

n.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Another as many as 7,799 cases.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

In Indonesian positive law, divorce can only be allowed if caused by causes as mentioned below: a.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

One party acts adultery or becomes a compactor, compactor, gambler, and so on that is difficult to heal; b.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

One party leaves the other party for 2 (two) consecutive years without the other party's permission and without a valid reason or because anything else is beyond its means; c.One party gets a sentence of 5 (five) years imprisonment or a heavier sentence after the marriage takes place; d.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

One party commits cruelty or severe persecution that endangers the other; e.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

One party gets a disability or illness with the result of not being able to perform their obligations as a husband/wife; f.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Between husband and wife there are constantly disputes and quarrels and there is no hope of living well in the household. [1]


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

The impact of Divorce often creates inner stress for each couple.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Children born from their marriage can also feel sad when their parents divorce.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

However, many resources can help divorced people, such as extended family, friends, therapy, consultants, books, and DVDs.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

The impact of a divorce not only concerns the relationship of the former married couple, but also involves children, family, neighbors in the residential environment and relatives and friends of the couple.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Divorce according to the Islamic religion guides its people not to split the brotherhood among fellow muslims.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Marriage is one of the Sunnah of Rosulullah S.A.W. which we will get reward if we do so.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Divorce itself is a lawful thing to do.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

However, if a pair of husbands do divorce, the tale says that 'Arsy is shaken so badly.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Therefore, God hates divorce, although it has been said that this is lawful Christian/Catholic One of the religions that does not allow divorce by spouses in their people is Roman Catholic Christianity.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

The Roman Catholic Christian Church responds to the issue of divorce as follows: Divorce or separation is fixed/forever in a marriage bond, indeed not allowed in Christian teachings, since it is written in the Bible (;).


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Since the gospel is the basis of the life of Christians, there is no reason whatsoever to hold a divorce.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

There are also other teachings in the Bible on this subject, for example on 1 Corinthians 7.


Question: What causes enlightenment?

Divorce

Outlink Reference (in English) (in English) (in English) (in English) Category:Legal Category:Marriage


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The Battle of Tassafaronga, sometimes called the Fourth Battle of Savo Island or according to Japanese sources as the Night Battle of the Lunga Sea (ルン, Lunga Oki Yasen) was a naval battle that took place on the evening of November 30, 1942 between the United States Navy and the United States Navy The Imperial Sea of Japan in connection with the Guadalkanal campaign.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The battle occurred in Ironbottom Sound near the Cape Tassafaronga area of Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

In this battle, a United States battleship fleet of five cruisers and four destroyers under the command of Admiral Young Carleton H. Wright attempted an impromptu attack with the aim of destroying the eight-ship Japanese battleship fleet destroyer under the command of Admiral Young Raizo Tanaka.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Tanaka's warships were trying to deliver food troops to the Japanese forces located on Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Using radar, the United States warships opened fire and sank one Japanese destroyer.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

However, Tanaka and the officers on the other Japanese ships reacted quickly by launching torpedoes in the direction of the United States warships.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Japanese torpedo-torpedoes hit and sank one United States cruiser and three other cruisers were heavily damaged.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Tanaka's fleet was able to escape without meaningful additional damage, but the mission of delivering food supplies to Guadalkanal could not be completed.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Although it ended in a major defeat tactically for the United States, this battle had only minor strategic impact.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The Japanese remained unable to capitalize on the victory at Tassafaronga to support their efforts in expelling Allied forces from Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Background to the Guadalkanal Campaign On August 7, 1942, Allied armies (mainly the United States) landed on Guadalkanal, Tulagi, and the Florida Islands in the Solomon Islands.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The Allied landings on the islands were intended to thwart Japanese attempts to use them as military bases to threaten logistical routes between the United States and Australia.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

When it could be overpowered, the Allies would use it as a turning point for waging a military campaign with the ultimate goal of neutralizing the main Japanese base at Rabaul, while supporting the New Guinea campaign by the Allies.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The Allied landings on Guadalkanal marked the beginning of the Guadalkanal campaign which lasted six months. [3]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The Japanese army of 2,000 to 3,000 on the islands was surprised by the Allied landings.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

By dusk 8 August 1942, 11,000 Allied soldiers under the command of Lieutenant General Alexander Vandegrift, managed to secure Tulagi and adjacent smaller islands, following an airfield the Japanese were building at Cape Lunga, Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The Allies then named the airfield as Henderson Airfield.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The Allied aircraft operating from Henderson were called “Cactus Air Force” (Cactus Air Force) according to the Allied password for Guadalkanal (Cactus).


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

As protectors of Henderson Airfield, the United States Marines made a perimeter defense of the perimeter of Cape Lunga.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Additional reinforcements brought in the United States over the following two months succeeded in increasing the number of troops at Cape Lunga, Guadalkanal to over 20,000 men. [4]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

In reaction to the Allied landings on Guadalkanal, Imperial Japanese General Headquarters assigned 17th Army to retake Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The 17th Army was a corps size unity headquartered at Rabaul under the leadership of Lieutenant General Harukichi Hyakutake.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

On August 19, 1942, the unity of the 17th Army began arriving in Guadalkanal to drive out the Allied armies. [5]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The threat of the Cactus Air Force being based at Henderson Air Field caused the Japanese to rarely be able to use large, slow transports to deliver troops and supplies to Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Instead, the Japanese put on warships based in Rabaul and the Shortland Islands to deliver their troops to Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Japanese warships, especially light cruisers or destroyers of the 8th Fleet under the command of Admiral Madya Gunichi Mikawa could cruise back and forth over the New Georgia Strait up to the Guadalkanal, and return safely to the base in just one night.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

This round-trip voyage was made after sunset to just before sunrise, and was intended to reduce the chances of being struck by Cactus Air Force aircraft.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The use of warships to deliver troops does not allow the carrying of heavy supplies and equipment needed by soldiers.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Heavy artillery, vehicles, following most ammunition and food, for example, cannot be transported by warship.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The convoy of Japanese high-speed warships used to transport supplies during the Guadalkanal Campaign referred to the Allies as the “Tokyo Express”, while the Japanese referred to it as the “Rat Transport”. [6]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Between August and November 1942, the Japanese several times made unsuccessful attempts to retake Henderson Airfield and drive Allied soldiers from Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The last attempt by Japan dispatching a large number of reinforcements thwarted the Allies in the Naval Battle of Guadalkanal 12 November—15 November 1942. [7]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

On 26 November, Lieutenant General Hitoshi Imamura was assigned to hold command of the newly formed 8th Regional Army at Rabaul.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The new command oversaw the 17th Army in the Solomon Islands under the leadership of Lt. Gen. Harukichi Hyakutake and Army 18 in New Guinea.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

One of Imamura's first priorities after holding command was to continue Japanese efforts at taking over Henderson Air Field and Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

But eventually the Allied offensive at Buna, New Guinea, changed Imamura's priorities.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The Allied attempt to seize Buna was considered a serious threat to Rabaul.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Imamura then postponed the mission to send the next large-scale reinforcements to Guadalkanal in order to concentrate on the situation in New Guinea. [8]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Supply crisis Due to threats from Cactus Air Force aircraft, plus the United States Navy PT boats based in Tulagi, and the bright moon cycle, the Japanese switched to using submarines to deliver supplies for their troops on Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Starting 16 November 1942 through the following three weeks, 16 Japanese submarines conducted night operations to deliver foodstuffs to Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Every night there is one submarine dispatched.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

One submarine can deliver 20 to 30tons of supplies which is approximately enough for a day's meal ration of Army 17 troops.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

After arriving at Guadakanal, supplies must be transported only by relying on human power, penetrating the jungle to the unity of the front line.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

At the same time, Japan sought to make three bases in the central Solomon Islands as pedestal areas for small boats delivering supplies to Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

However, the bases were first undermined by Allied air raids and plans were cancelled. [9]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

On 26 November 1942, 17th Army informed Imamura that it was experiencing a critical food shortage.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Some frontline unity has not been revisited for six days.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Troops in rear areas were even only given rations of a third of their daily ration.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

That situation again forced Japan to return to using its destroyers as supplies transporters to Guadalkanal. [10]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Japanese Eighth Fleet personnel drew up plans to help reduce the visible of Japanese destroyers by the Allies while unloading cargo at Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The trick is by filling the big drums with medicine and food.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Before filling, the drum of spent fuel and oil is cleaned.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The drum is filled not to the brim, and enough leaving the air space can still float in the sea.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

After completion of filling, the drums are tied with ropes.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

After reaching the Guadalkanal, the destroyers would turn and untie drum-drums.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Swimmers or boaters from the shore will take the end off the rope given a buoy.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Supplies drums will be towed to the shore to be dismantled and transported by the soldiers. [11]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The Guadalkanal Reinforcements Unit of the 8th Fleet was under the command of Young Admiral Raizo Tanaka.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The unit based on the Shortland Islands was assigned by Gunichi Mikawa to perform the first of five drum-carrying missions as previously scheduled.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The first mission was dispatched on the night of 30 November 1942.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Tanaka's unit captioned eight battleships of the 2nd Destroyer Squadron.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Six destroyers in between, each filled with 200 to 240 drums of supplies to be taken to Tassafaronga, Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Tanaka wears the destroyer Naganami as his command ship with Takanami as escort ship.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The six drum carrier destroyers were Kuroshio, Oyashio, Kagerō, Suzukaze, Kawakaze, and Makinami.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

In an effort to reduce weight, the drum-carrying destroyers lowered their proprietary Type 93 Torpedo in the Shortland Islands.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Thus, each ship had only eight torpedoes, and one launcher tube contained only one torpedo. [12]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

After the Naval Battle of Guadalkanal, Admiral Madya (USA) William Halsey, commander of the Allied armies in the South Pacific had finished reconstituting the forces of the United States Navy under his command, among which formed Task Force 67 (TF 67) on 24 November 1942 at Espiritu Santo which consisted of the heavy cruisers USS<i>Minneapolis, New Orleans, Pensacola, and USS<i>Northampton, plus the light cruiser USS<i>Honolulu, as well as four destroyers (USS<i>Fletcher, Drayton, Maury, and Perkins).


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Admiral Young (U.S.) Carleton H. Wright replaced Thomas Kinkaid as commander of Task Force 67 on 28 November 1942. [13]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

After holding command, Wright gave brifs to the commanders of his ships regarding battle plans with Japanese ships, and the possible occurrence of night fighting around Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

As per the plan she put together with Kinkaid, the radar-equipped destroyers would escort ahead of the cruisers.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Their task was to launch an impromptu torpedo attack after the sighting of Japanese warships.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The destroyers will then step aside to give a clear firing field to the cruisers who will fire cannons from 10,000 yards (9,100m) to 12,000 yards (11,000m).


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Marine aircraft carried by the cruiser acted as guides and would drop flares during the battle. [14]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

On 29 November 1942, Allied intelligence personnel intercepted and successfully cracked the Japanese code sent to 17th Army headquarters at Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The existence of a reinforcements dispatch mission led by Tanaka was dismantled by the Allies.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

After the news reached his hands, Halsey ordered Wright dispatch Task Force 67 with the aim of intercepting Tanaka's fleet near Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Wearing Minneapolis as a command ship, Task Force 67 under Wright's lead set out from Espiritu Santo bound for Guadalkanal at a speed of 27 knots (31mph; 50km/h), just before midnight 29 November 1942.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Midway through, the destroyers Lamson and Lardner newly returned from duty escorting other convoys to Guadalkanal, were ordered to join Task Force 67.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Wright did not have time enough to brif over the battle plan to the officers in command of the two newly joined destroyers.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

In the aftermath, their ships were forced to be positioned behind the cruisers.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

At 17:00 on 30 November, Wright's cruisers each dispatched one seaplane bound for Tulagi.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Their pilots were tasked with dropping flares in a battle expected to occur that night.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

At 20:00, Wright ordered on the crewmen to prepare at their combat outposts. [15]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Tanaka's fleet departed the Shortland Islands to run a mission to Guadalkanal, just after midnight November 30.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

In his attempt to evade Allied reconnaissance aircraft, Tanaka ordered his fleet to sail first in a northeasterly direction over the Strait of Bougainville before later turning southeastward, and then south over the Indispensable Strait.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Paul Mason, an Australian coastwatcher stationed in southern Bougainville, reported by radio about the departure of Tanaka's ships from the Shortland Islands.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The message was then forwarded to Wright.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

At the same time, a convoy of Allied ships was spotted by a Japanese reconnaissance aircraft near Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The news of the Allied ships was conveyed to Tanaka, and then passed to the commanders of the destroyers to be ready for action that night, “In the event of battle, a strong effort will be made to destroy the enemy, no need to think any more about the mission of delivering supplies. “[16]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Preliminary Battle At 21:40 on 30 November 1942, Tanaka's ships located in the Indispensable Strait were already able to see Savo Island in the distance.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The Japanese ships sailed in column formations, each separated by a distance of 600 metres (660yd), with the following arrangement: Takanami, Oyashio, Kuroshio, Kagero, Makinami, Naganami, Kawakaze, and Suzukaze.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

At the same time, Task Force 67 entered the Lengo Canal en route to Ironbottom Strait.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Wright's ships were in column formation, with the following arrangement: Fletcher, Perkins, Maury, Drayton, Minneapolis, New Orleans, Pensacola, Honolulu, Northampton, Lamson, and Lardner.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The four destroyers were frontmost, and separated from the cruisers that were in tow by 4,000 yards (3,700m).


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The cruisers sail separated by a distance of 1,000 yards (910m) from each other. [17]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

At 22.40, Tanaka's ships passed south of Savo Island, roughly 3 miles (5km) offshore Guadalkanal, and when they approached the unloading area, speeds were reduced to 12 knots (14mph; 22km/h).


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Takanami, who was in position roughly 1 mile (2km) towards the sea was tasked with giving a veil for the formation of the Japanese fleet.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

At the same time, Task Force 67 exited the Lengo Canal entering Ironbottom Strait at speeds of 20 knots (23mph; 37km/h) towards Savo Island.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Wright's destroyers were frontmost, and moved forward to a position slightly somewhat closer to shore than the cruisers.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

A moonless night sky, and visibility between 2 miles (3km) to 7 miles (11km).


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The departure of seagoing aircraft from Wright's cruisers already in Tulagi Harbour became delayed as the plane's pontoons were exposed to the suction effects of the very calm sea surface.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Therefore, they did not participate in the battle that night. [18]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

At 23:06, the radar of Wright's ships began to detect the presence of Tanaka's fleet near Cape Esperance, Guadalkanal approximately 23,000 yards (21,000m) away.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Wright's destroyers reentered in column formation when resuming a voyage towards Savo Island.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

At the same time, Tanaka's ships, which were not equipped with radar, were broken into two groups, and began to get ready to push the cargo drums into the sea.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Naganami, Kawakaze, and Suzukaze sailed towards a freight drop point near the Doma Coral, while Makinami, Kagero, Oyashio, and Kurashio moved towards neighbouring Tassafaronga.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

At 23:12, Takanami was visually able to see Wright's ships, and was soon confirmed by guard officers aboard the other Japanese ships.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

At 23:16, preparations for unloading the load were stopped.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Tanaka issued the order, “All ships attack. “[19]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Action at 23:14, Fletcher's radar operator got a definite radar contact with Takanami following four destroyers leading drum-drum supplies.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

At 23:15, when it was already within 7,000 yards (6,400m), Marine Lt. Col. William M. Cole, commander of the destroyer cluster and skipper Fletcher, gave Wright to request permission to fire torpedoes.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Cole waited for two minutes before Wright replied, “The target distance [of Tanaka's ships on radar] is too far right now. “[20]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Cole added that the goals were obvious.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Two minutes elapsed before Wright gave permission to start shooting.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

While Cole and Wright radioed each other, the Japanese ships that were supposed to be targets for United States destroyers had escaped until beyond the optimum firing range.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The American torpedo-torpedoes had to chase until nearly reaching the distance limit of their range.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

By 23:20, Fletcher, Perkins, and Drayton had jointly fired 20 Mark 15 torpedoes toward Tanaka's ships.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Maury had no radar contact with the Japanese ships because it was not fitted with SG radar, and did not shoot. [21]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

At the same time, Wright ordered his ships to begin firing.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Minneapolis complied by firing off the first cannon fire at 23:21, and soon followed other American cruisers.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

As per the briefing received earlier, Cole's four destroyers fired flare bullets to illuminate the target.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Afterwards, they added speed to leave the premises and gave the cruisers a chance of action. [22]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Takanami was closest to the column formation of Wright's ships, and was made the target of most of the early shots of the United States ships.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Takanami fired back, and launched all eight torpedoes he carried up, but soon fell victim to American cannon fire.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

In just four minutes, Takanami was on fire and paralyzed.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

After Takanami was destroyed, the rest of Tanaka's ships almost-barely detected the United States ships, added speed, and got ready to retaliate for the American attack.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

All the torpedoes fired by American ships turned out to be misses. [23]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Historian Russell S. Crenshaw, Jr. postulates if a number of twenty-four torpedoes fired by United States Navy destroyers during the battle were not fatally flawed, the outcome of the battle would probably have been different. [24]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Tanaka's command ship Naganami turned the bow toward starboard, opened fire, and began to make a veil of smoke.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The two ships that were in the rear, the Kawakaze and the Suzukaze, turned the bow towards the left.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

At 23:23, Suzukaze fired eight torpedoes towards the flash of gunfire of Wright's cruisers, followed by Naganami and Kawakaze.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Each fired their entire torpedo charge of only eight pieces, successively at 23.32 and 23.33. [25]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Meanwhile, the four forward-most destroyers in the column formation of the Japanese fleet maintained the direction of their voyage towards the Guadalkanal coast.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The United States cruisers were left speeding steadily from opposite directions.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

After clearance was obtained from Takanami at 23:28, Kuroshio fired four torpedoes and Oyashio fired eight torpedoes towards Wright's ships before reversing course, and adding speed.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Wright's cruisers maintained speed in the same direction, greeted by 44 pieces of Japanese torpedoes that continued speeding towards them. [26]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

At 23:27, when Minneapolis opened fire the 9th salvo and Wright was preparing to convey the order of changing the bow for all his ships, two torpedoes from Suzukaze or Takanami struck the front of the Minneapolis ship.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

One torpedo warhead detonated the fuel-storage tanks of the aircraft in front of the cannon dome one, and one other warhead destroyed three of the four fireplace rooms.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The bow in front of the cannon dome one folded down to form a 70° angle.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The ship shut down engines and lost control of the rudder.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Thirty-seven crewmen were killed. [27]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Less than a minute later, a torpedo hit New Orleans next to the cannon dome one.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The forward armory and fuel storage room of the aircraft exploded.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The explosion cut the entire bow starting from next to the front of the two cannon dome.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The bow was turned to the left, damaging the ship's hull as it was snatched loose by the ship's motion, and sank immediately near the aft left hull.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

All crewmen in cannon vaults one and two were killed.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

New Orleans was forced to turn right in a state of loss of steering as well as communications.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

A total of 183crewmen were killed. [28]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Herbert Brown, a sailor in the ship's data collection room, described the situation after his ship was hit by a torpedo, I had to see it.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

I walked here the now silenced two-cannon dome, and my steps were stopped by a rope next to the cannon dome.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Praise God the rope is, if not, one step away, and I must have been splashed with my head first, into the dark sea, thirty feet below me.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The bow of the ship was “lost”.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The 38-metre long bow section following the number one main cannon dome and three 8-inch caliber cannons were lost.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Parts of the ship weighing 800 tons sank into the sea.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

My God, all the comrades who attended the military primary education camp with me, are all gone. [29]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Pensacola co-opted from the cruiser formation, and was steered past the left flank of Minneapolis and New Orleans while checking the state of the two ships hit by gunfire and slowing down.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

After passing both, Pensacola returned toward its original bow.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

At 23:39, Pensacola was hit by a torpedo parallel to the regal mast.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The explosions spread flaming oil throughout the interior and along the ship's main decks, killing 125 crew members.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Torpedo shots also wrenched the left hull propeller drive shaft, and made the ship tilt 13 degrees as well as lose engines, communications, and rudder. [30]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The Honolulu skipper whose boat was behind Pensacola, chose to skip the right side of Minneapolis and New Orleans.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Honolulu added speeds of up to 30 knots (35mph; 56km/h) while radically manoeuvring, and managed to get out of battle territory without the slightest damage.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Gunfire continued to unleash Honolulu's main cannons toward Japanese destroyers that were rapidly disappearing. [31]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The Northampton cruiser which was rearmost in the United States fleet formation, followed Honolulu past the side of the damaged starboard hull of the United States cruisers.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Another is the case with Honolulu, Northampton did not add speed or perform radical maneuvers.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

At 23:48, after the bow had returned to its original direction, Northampton was hit by two torpedoes from Kawakaze.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

One torpedo penetrated at 10 feet (3m) below the waterline next to the rear engine rooms.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Four minutes later, the second torpedo hit right at 40 feet (12m) more to the stern.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The engine rooms flooded, and three of the four drive shafts stopped turning.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The ship tilted 10° to the left hull and caught fire.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Fifty crewmen were killed. [32]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Not a single target was found by Lamson and Lardner who were rearmost in Wright's fleet formation.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The two left the battle area eastward after briefly being accidentally fired upon by a New Orleans machine gun.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Cole ordered his four destroyers to perform one full turn around Savo Island at maximum speed, and re-enter the battle area.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

However, the battle is over. [33]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

On the Japanese side, Tanaka at 23:44 had already ordered his ships to cease firing and leave the battle area.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

As they moved forward up the coast of Guadalkanal, Kuroshio and Kagero fired eight more torpedoes towards the American ships, but all missed.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

When the radio call is not answered by Takanami, Tanaka assigns Oyashio and Kuroshio to seek and provide assistance.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The burning Takanami was discovered by Oyashio and Kuroshio at 01.00 on 1 December 1942, but both called off rescue efforts after detecting the presence of American ships in that area.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Oyashio and Kuroshio immediately left Ironbottom Strait to join Tanaka's fleet which was on its way home to the Shortland Islands, and arrived 10hours later.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Takanami was the only Japanese ship to have hit American cannon fire, and was heavily damaged in the battle. [34]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Postbattle The crew of the survivor Takanami abandoned ship at 01.30.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

However, a large explosion killed many more crewmen already in the water, including the destroyer division commander, Toshio Shimizu and the ship's skipper, Masami Ogura.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Of Takanami's 244 crewmen, only 48 survivors arrived on the coast of Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Nineteen of them were captured by American soldiers. [35]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The fire over Northampton was not successfully controlled by the crew.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The ship began to tilt and was abandoned by her crew at 01.30.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Northampton sank at 03.04 at about 4 miles (6km) from Doma Cove in Guadalkanal ().


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Fletcher and Drayton helped 773 crew members who survived. [36]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Minneapolis, New Orleans, and Pensacola were still able to sail 19 miles (31km), until reaching Tulagi on the morning of 1 December 1942.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

There, Pensacola was propped up for emergency repairs.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

After lasting 12 hours, the fires in Pensacola can be extinguished.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

On 6 December 1942, Pensacola departed heading to rear area ports for further repairs.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

After a temporary bow fitting of the trunks of coconut trees, Minneapolis and New Orleans left Tulagi bound for Espiritu Santo or Sydney, Australia on 12 December 1942.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The three cruisers all required long and extensive repairs.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

New Orleans returned to duty in August 1943, Minneapolis in September, and Pensacola in October 1943. [37]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The Battle of Tassafaronga was one of the worst defeats suffered by the United States Navy in World War II, as well as the third worst defeat after the Bombing of Pearl Harbor and the Battle of Savo Island.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

As a result of losing this battle, plus the defeats suffered in the Battle of Savo Island, the Battle of Cape Esperance, and the Naval Battle of Guadalkanal, the United States for a time had only 4 heavy cruisers and 9 light destroyers for the entire Ocean area Pacific.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Despite losing the battle, Wright was awarded the Navy Cross for bravery and his services in the war.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The Navy Cross represents one of the highest military stars in the United States.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

With the intention of reducing the impression his task force had suffered too great a loss, Wright in his report claimed his fleet had successfully sunk four destroyers and damaged two Japanese ships of the others.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

In his comments on the Wright report, Halsey blamed Cole as the cause of the defeat.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Halsey further adds about the commanders of the destroyer squadrons firing torpedoes from beyond effective range, and they were supposed to “assist” the cruisers instead of just circling Savo Island.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Tanaka claims to have sunk a gunship and two cruisers. [38]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The outcome of the battle led to further discussion among the leadership of the United States Pacific Fleet about changes in strategy doctrine and the need for technical improvements, for example gunpowder that does not cause flashes when fired upon.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Nonetheless, the high leadership of the navy only became aware of a serious problem at torpedo function eight months later. [39]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The United States military was also still unaware of the actual cruising range and power of Japanese torpedoes, as well as the effectiveness of Japanese night fighting tactics.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Wright instead stated his ships were certain to have been victims of torpedoes fired from Japanese submarines.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

From the position of Tanaka's ships he knew, “torpedo-torpedoes having speed specifications as well as distances similar to ours” were unlikely to be able to cause such damage.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The statement was issued by Wright even after Tanaka said his torpedo-torpedoes were fired from a distance of at least three miles (4.8km).


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Until 1943, the United States had not known the true capabilities of Japanese torpedoes and night warfare tactics.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

After the war, Tanaka said of his fleet's victory at Tassafaronga, “I have heard the naval experts of the United States praise my leadership in the action at that time.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

I don't deserve the award.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

It's all thanks to the extraordinary ability and devotion of those who have served me.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

They are the ones who are meritorious for our tactical victory. “[40]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Despite losing the battle, the United States fleet managed to block Tanaka's efforts to land the food supplies he really needed on Guadalkanal, even if it had to be paid handsomely.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The Japanese second attempt to deliver supplies was made by 10destroyers under Tanaka's command on 3 December 1942, and successfully lowered 1,500drums of supplies off the coast of Tassafaronga.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

However, most of these were scuttled by American floatplanes, and only 310 drums remained that could be towed to shore.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

On 7 December 1942, a third attempt by 12 Japanese destroyers was successfully scuppered by United States torpedo patrol boats near Cape Esperance.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The following night, two United States patrol boats fired torpedoes and successfully sank the Japanese submarine I-3 when it was attempting to deliver supplies to Guadalkanal.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Considering the difficulties encountered while delivering food to Guadalkanal, the Japanese Navy told Lieutenant General Imamura on 8 December 1942 that they planned to stop all transport missions to the island.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

After Imamura protested, the navy agreed to run one more mission to Guadalkanal. [41]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

On the night of 11 December 1942, Tanaka led Japan's last attempt to deliver food to Guadalkanal wearing 11 destroyers wearing eleven destroyers.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Five United States torpedo patrol boats intercepted Tanaka's fleet near Guadalkanal, and launched torpedoes toward Teruzuki's command ship.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

A torpedo attack resulted in Teruzuki being heavily damaged and Tanaka wounded.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

After Tanaka was transferred to Naganami, Teruzuki was scuttled.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Only 220 of the 1,200drums lowered on that night were successfully rediscovered by Japanese army personnel who were on shore.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Tanaka was then relieved of his responsibilities as commander, and repatriated to Japan on 29 December 1942. [42]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

On 12 December 1942, the Japanese Navy proposed that Guadalkanal be relinquished into Allied hands.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The proposal was rejected by the leadership of the Japanese Army who still hoped to retake Guadalkanal from the Allies.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

After receiving approval from the emperor, the Imperial Japanese General Headquarters on 31 December 1942 agreed to evacuate all Japanese soldiers from Guadalkanal, and establish a new line of defense for the Solomon Islands in New Georgia.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

The Japanese evacuated the rest of its forces from Guadalkanal in Operation Ke which lasted for three nights between 2 February to 7 February 1943, and Guadalkanal was handed over to the Allies.


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Capitalizing on successes in Guadalkanal and other places, the Allies continued their resistance against Japan culminating in the capitulation of Japan and the end of World War II. [43]


Question: When did the background occur of the Battle of Tassafaronga?

Battle of Tassafaronga

Footnote CS1 reference maint: extra text: authors list (link) Outside link Cite uses deprecated parameter |deadurl= (help) Cite uses deprecated parameter |deadurl= (help) Cite uses deprecated parameter |deadurl= (help) Cite uses deprecated parameter |deadurl= (help) Category:1942 Tassafaronga Conflict Category:Historical Solomon Islands Category:Military history of Japan in World War II Tassafaronga Category:Japan in 1942


Question: What is software in a computer?

Software

Software or software (English: software) is a specific term for data that is formatted, and stored digitally, including computer programs, their documentation, and various information that can be read, and written by a computer.


Question: What is software in a computer?

Software

In other words, the intangible part of the computer system.


Question: What is software in a computer?

Software

The term accentuates differences with computer hardware. [1] [2] [3] The creation of software itself requires a “programming language” written by a programmer to be further compiled with the compiler application so that it becomes code that the hardware machine can recognize.


Question: What is software in a computer?

Software

Software such as Windows or Linux can be referred to as the life of the computer, where without being installed such operating system then the computer cannot be run.


Question: What is software in a computer?

Software

Operating system software is usually stored in partition C so that when the computer experiences problems, the affected C partition impacts.


Question: What is software in a computer?

Software

Other software is also stored on the C partition where the component is no longer running, it can be uninstalled and reinstalled.


Question: What is software in a computer?

Software

Other data is better stored in partition D so that when the software is exposed to a virus or does not run normally again it can be reinstalled and important data can be saved.


Question: What is software in a computer?

Software

Below there are some examples of various kinds of software, namely: Application software (application software) such as word processing, count table sheet, media player, and office application packages such as OpenOffice.org. Operating systems (operating systems) for example Linux and Windows.


Question: What is software in a computer?

Software

Software development tools (software development tools) such as Compilers for high-level programming languages such as Pascal and low-level programming languages that are assembly languages.


Question: What is software in a computer?

Software

Hardware controller (device driver) is a link between auxiliary hardware, and computer is a software that is widely used in self-service, as well as schools, namely the use of barcode scanners in other database applications. [4]


Question: What is software in a computer?

Software

Settled software/Hardcore software (firmware) as installed in digital watches, and remote controllers.


Question: What is software in a computer?

Software

Free software (free 'libre' software) and open source software (open source software) Free software (freeware) Trial software (shareware) Malware (malware) See also Hardware Reference Category:Computers


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Ramadan K.H. whose full name is Ramadan Karta Hadimadja () is an Indonesian biographer.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

He died after suffering from prostate cancer for ±3 months.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Kang Atun, a familiar call of Ramadan, was the seventh of ten children.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

His father, Raden Edjeh Kartahadimadja, was a Patih of Bandung Regency during the Dutch East Indies rule.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

He was born out of his father's marriage to Saidah.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Aoh K. Hadimadja (1911 - 1972), also known as the poet and novelist, was the elder brother of Ramadan who was born from the womb of his father's first wife, Raden Djuwariah binti Martalogawa.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

When the age of Ramadan was still not even three months, his father lured other women and divorced Saidah who was immediately returned to the village.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

The experience made her close to the mother figure and lived the suffering of women.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Ramadan's education and work once worked for 13 years as Antara journalist.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Then, he asked to stop because he could not bear to see the rampant corruption of the time.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

He was noted as a student of ITB and Foreign Office Academy in Jakarta, both of them were not finished.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

He has also served as Editor of Acts Magazine, Editor of Siasat Weekly and Editor of Siasat Baru Weekly.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

During his lifetime Ramadan was renowned as a creative and prolific writer.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

He wrote many poems, short stories, novels, biographies, and translated and edited.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

A collection of his poems, published under the title “Priangan Si Djelita” (1956), was written when Ramadan returned to Indonesia from a trip in Europe in 1954.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

At that time, he watched his native land, West Java, was in turmoil due to various separatist events.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

The socio-political chaos inspired him to write these poems.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Sastrawan Sapardi Djoko Damono, judged the book as the pinnacle of Ramadan achievements in the Indonesian literary world.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

According to Sapardi, it was one of the best poetry collection books ever published in Indonesia.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

“He is a handful, if not the only, literature who makes poetry in the format of tembang kinanti,” said Sapardi.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

In the last years of his life Ramadan lived in Capetown following his wife, Salfrida Nasution, who served as Consul General of the Republic of Indonesia in that city.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

He had previously lived in Los Angeles, Paris, Geneva, and Bonn, accompanying his former wife, Pruistin Atmadjasaputra, also a diplomat, known by the call “Tines”.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Tines, whom he married in 1958, predeceased him on 10 April 1990 in Bonn, Germany.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

After the abandonment of his wife, in 1993 Ramadan re-married with Salfrida, a best friend of his wife who had donated his blood when Tines was ill.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Victims of slander In 1965 Ramadan was detained for 16 days in Kebon Waru Camp, Bandung, together with Dajat Hardjakusumah, father of Bimbo musician who was then the leader of the Bandung Branch Antara Office.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Both were detained for reportedly meeting A. Karim DP and Satyagraha, Chairman and Secretary-General of PWI (Indonesian Journalists Union) Center who were considered leftist ideology and supported G-30-S. Therefore, they are also considered supporters of the G-30-S. Later he only found out that they were defamed by other groups could take control of the office of Antara Bandung branch.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

After sixteen days in detention, both were released and Antara's central leadership moved them to Jakarta.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Ramadan moved immediately to Jakarta.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Writing a biography of President Soeharto in 1982, while living in Geneva, Ramadan was contacted by the Head of Mass Media of the State Secretariat in Jakarta, Gufran Dwipayana who invited him to write a biography of Soeharto who was still serving as president of R.I. at that time.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Ramadan at first refused, because as West Javanese felt that they did not master Javanese culture, the region from Soeharto.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

But Soeharto had dropped the option on Ramadan.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Ramadan's name was chosen because his book, Kuantar ke Gate, a biography of the love story of Ingit Garnasih with President Soekarno is very memorable for Dwipayana, a close person of Soeharto, who is believed to determine the potential biographer Soeharto.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

During the writing of the biography Soeharto only twice Kartahadimadja met the strongest person during the time of the New Order.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Questions outside the meeting were asked Kartahadimadja by way of recording them.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Then the tape was deposited through Dwipayana, which every Friday met Soeharto.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

It is based on the recording of that answer that Ramadan is more work.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Soeharto's biography made Ramadan feel depressed, not the same as when he wrote biographies of other figures.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

He felt heavy doing so for fear of being miswritten or instead being arrested.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Ramadan usually invites one or more other writers to write biographies.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

In addition to alleviating the task, if he was obstructed, sick, or died, the writing of the book did not cease.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Not forever Ramadan's journey in writing went smooth.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

The plan to write biographies of Ibn Soetowo, former President Director of Pertamina, and Wiweko, a national aviation figure, failed because of a dispute between the speakers and Kartahadimadja colleagues who helped him write.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

The writing of Yulia Sukamdani's biography was also invalidated due to her husband's request.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

After Tines returned home, Ramadan returned to Indonesia with his two children.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

He wanted to charge honor to Soeharto, but Dwipayana had passed away.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

President's Military Secretary Syaukat Banjaransari advised him to write a letter directly to the President.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

A few days later came a call from Colonel Wiranto, President Soeharto's aide.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

He was asked to come to Jl. Sandalwood.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Together with Gumilang he came, entered the yard, immediately given a red Honda Accord car.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

New car with plastic encased upholstery.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

But Soeharto did not meet him.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

They met only in front of the garage and confined with Wiranto.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

The end of life In his last days, Ramadan returned to his passion for the past, painting.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

One of the themes of his beloved paintings is the series of mountains behind his home in Cape Town.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

He passed away right on the 79th anniversary of his birth day.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

He leaves his wife, Salfrida, two sons from Tines, Gilang Ramadan and Gumilang, and five grandchildren.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Ramadan has received a number of awards, including the “ASEAN Literature Prize” (Southeast Asia Write Award) in 1993.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

In 2001 he was appointed honorary member of the Indonesian Historical Association.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

In addition Ramadan is also a member of the Jakarta Academy.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Ramadan Biography Kuantar ke Gate: the love story of Mrs. Inggit with Bung Karno (1981) The wave of my life: Goddess Dja of Dardanella (1982) Soeharto my thoughts, sayings, and actions: Autobiography (1988) A.E. Kawilarang - for the Red Sang Putih: experience, 1942- 1961 (1988) Bang Ali for Jakarta (1966-1977): memoir (1992) Hoegeng, the police of dreams and reality: an autobiography (co-written with Abrar Yusra) (1993) Soemitro, former Pangkopkamtib: from Pangdam Mulawarman to Pangkopkamtib (1994) Gobel, pioneer of Indonesian electronics industry with business philosophy banana tree (1994) Sjamaun Gaharu, footage of struggle in the capital area: an autobiography (co-written with Hamid Jabbar, Sjamaun Gaharu) (1995) D.I. Pandjaitan, hero of the deciduous revolution in uniform of greatness: biography (co-written with Sugiarta Sriwibawa) (1997) For the sake of the nation - twists- the twists of devotion of Prof. Dr. Midian Sirait: from teacher SR Porsea to Professor of ITB (co-authored with Sugiarta Sriwibawa) (1999) H. Priyatna Abdurrasyid - from Cilampeni to New York: following the conscience (2001) of H. Djaelani Hidajat - from postal sorter to minister: an autobiography ( written together with Tatang Sumarsono) (2002) Endless struggle - Adnan Buyung Nasution (assisted by Ramadan K.H. and Nina Pane) (2004) Novel Rojan revolution (1971) Kemelut life (1977) Permana Family (1978) Perminus Field (1990) Poem Priangan si Djelita: a collection of sandjak (1956) ) Am Rande des Reisfelds: zweisprachige Anthologie moderner indonesischer Lyrik/herausgegeben von Berthold Damshäuser und Ramadan K.H. aus dem indonesischen übersetzt von Berthold Damshäuser = Paddy field: bilingual anthology of modern Indonesian poetry/co-edited with Berthold Damshäuser = Paddy Dear user, translated into German by Berthold Damshäuser (1990) Gebt mir Indonesien zurück!


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

- Anthologie moderner indonesischer Lyrik/herausgegeben von Berthold Damshäuser und Ramadan K.H.; aus dem Indonesischen übersetzt von Berthold Damshäuser, mit einem Vorwort von Berthold Damshäuser (1994) Jakarta & Berlin in mirror poetry: bilingual anthology with poetry about Jakarta and Berlin Berlin (2002) Antologie Bilingue de la Poesie Indonesienne Contemporaine: Indonesian-French bilingual poetry anthology (..)


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Yerma translation: tragic drama in three chapters and six scenes by Federico García Lorca (1956) Romance of the Gitanas by Federico García Lorca (1973) Bernarda Alba House by Federico García Lorca (1957) Miscellaneous Ball - coverage of the Helsinki Olympics (1952) - his first book Syair Hymn Asian Games Jakarta (1963) Revealed my world - a true story of sexual disorder (co-authored with R. Prie Prawirakusumah) (1988) Awarded German experts about Indonesia, co-edited with Berthold Damshäuser (1992) Rantau and his musings: Indonesian culture about his experiences in France (1992) Transmigration: hopes and challenges (1993) From monopoly to competition: 50 years of Indonesian telecommunications history and management tips Telkom (co-written with Sugiarta Sriwibawa, Abrar Yusra) (1994) Mochtar Lubis straight talk: answering reporters' questions (1995) Press asked , Bang Ali replied (1995) Rantau and Renungan I: Indonesian culture about his experience in France (co-editor with Jean Couteau, Henri Chambert-Loir) (1999) We lied a lot - press interviews and writings of Admiral Sukardi (co-editor with Endo Senggono) (2000) historica Kosgoro (co-authored with Sugiarta Sriwibawa) (2000) Outlinks (in Indonesian), KOMPAS (in Indonesian), People's Mind (in Indonesian), Monitor (in Indonesian) (in Indonesian) Author: Zulfikar Fuad.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Publisher: Student Library. (in English) Author: Zulfikar Fuad, Publisher: Akademia, imprint PT.


Question: was Ramadan's first novel K.H.?

Ramadan K.H.

Index. {{subst: #if:ramadan k.h.|}} [[Category: {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1927}} || UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of birth missing {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:2006}} ||living =( living people)}}} | #default =1927 births}]] [[Category: {subst: {#switch: {{subst: {: {{subst: {: {{subst: {{: {{subst: {: {{subst: {{: {{subst: {: subst:uc:2006}} || LIVING =Living people | UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of death missing | #default =2006 deaths}}]] Category:Figures from Bandung Category:Literature Indonesia Category:Indonesian Writers Category:Indonesian Journalists Category:Sundanese Figures Category:Sunda Intellectuals


Question: where did Pope Yohana come from?

John (giving name)

John /dn/ is a masculine gifting mana.


Question: where did Pope Yohana come from?

John (giving name)

The name comes from the Latin words Ioannes and Iohannes, which is a form of the Greek name Iōannēs (ωάννης), which was originally used by Hellenized Jews transliterating the Hebrew name Jehohanan (יועענרן), “Grace of the Well”, or Jehohanan (יהווענן), “Yahweh is Abundance”.


Question: where did Pope Yohana come from?

John (giving name)

There are a number of forms of the country in different languages The name John gained its fame from two of its most revered saints, John the Baptist (the predecessor of Jesus Christ) and the apostle John (traditionally considered the author of the Gospel of John); the name since it was chosen as the name of the person of office or religious name on a number of emperors, kings, popes and patriarchs.


Question: where did Pope Yohana come from?

John (giving name)

Initially, it was a favored name among Greeks but later spread throughout Europe after the First Crusade. [1]


Question: where did Pope Yohana come from?

John (giving name)

In other languages the masculinabentuk masculinform femininAfrikaansjan, Johan, Johann, Johannes, Hannes, HansJohanna, Jana, Hannaalbaniagjin, Gjovan, Gjovalin, Gjovanin, Gjoni, Jovan, XhonigJovana, Gjonika, Joanaamhar( Yoḥänns) Arabيحيى (Yaḥyā, Qurṣānic), يوحنا (Yūṣannā, Biblical) Aram( Yuhanon) Aragonchuanchuanaarmenia( Hovhannes); Classical Armenian: (Yovhannēs) AsturiaXuanXuanAbasquemanez, Ganix, Joanes, Ibanibane, JoneBelarusianян (Yan), Янка (Yanka), Янэк (Yanek), Ясь (Yas'), Iван (Ivan) Янiна (Yanina) BosniaivanIvanabretonyann, YannickBulgariaиван (Ivan), йон Yoan), Янко (Yanko), Яне (Yane) Ивана (Ivana), Иванка (Ivanka), йоан [н] а (Yoana), Яна (Yana), Янка (Yanka) CatalanJoan, Jan, IvanJoana, JanationGhoachinese:; Pinyin:yuēhàn; jyutping:joek3 hon6; Peh-ōe-jī:ióu hāncornijowankorsikaghjuvannighjuvannakroasiaivan, Ivo, Ive, Ivica, Ivano, Ivanko, Janko, Ivekivana,, Ivanka, Ivančica, IvkaDekojan, HonzajanadenMarkhans, Jens, Jan, Johan, JohanneShanne, JohanneBelandah, Hannes, Hans, Jan, Johan, Johannes, Jannes, Jens, Wannes, SjengHanne, Hannah, Hannah, Jana, Janne, Janneke, Jannetje, Jantje, Johannaemiliano-RomagnologuiàningGrisJohn, Johnny, JackJoan, Joanna, Joanne, Joann, Jan, Jane, Jayna, Janet Ice, Janis, Jean, Jeane, Jeanne, JeanNieEstoniaJaan, Juhan, Juho, Janno, Jukk, Jaanus, Hannes, HansExtremaduranhuanFarojann, Janus, Jens, Kind, Jóan, Jóannes, Jónar, Jógvan, Jóhann, Jóhannes, Hannis, Hanus, Hans [2] FilipinaJuanafinlandiaHannes, Hannes, Jani, Janne, Johannes, Juha, Juho, JuhanifranceJean, Jehan (outdated) Jeanne, Jeannette (short ), Jehane (outdated) GalisiaXoán, XanXOanageOrgia( Ioane), Reference (Iva), Reference (Ivane), Reference (Iovane), (Iva) GermanHans, Hannes, Johannes, Johann, Jan Janjana,, Johanna, Hanna, Hanneyunaniιωάννης (Ioannis), Γιάννης (Yiannis, sometimes Giannis) Ιωάννα (Ioanna), Γιάννα (Yianna, sometimes Gianna) GuaraníhuÃhawaiikeoniibraniיוחנן (Yôḥānān) Johananיוחנה (Yôḥannā) Johannahungariajános, JancsiJohanna, Hanna (moniker), Zsanett (moniker) Islandiajóhann, Jóhannes, Hannesjainnainhann Donesia/Malay, Yahya, Yan, Yaya, Yohan, John, YuanYohana, Yana, Hanairlandiaseán, Shaun, EoInsinéad, Seona, Siobhán, Síne, SiúnitaliagioVanni, Gianni, Giannino, Ivan, Ivano, Ivo, Vanni, Nino, VanninoGiovanna, Gianna, Giannina, Ivana, Iva, Nina, Vaniajapanese( Yohane) Kazakhжаия (Qiya, Yahya) Шоан (Shoqan) Korea( scripture) [3] Kristangjuanglatiniohannes, Ioannes Iohnlatviajānisjana, Janīna, Janīnelithuaniajonasjanina, Jonė, Janė, JoanAlombardgiuànmakedoniaјован (Jovan), јованче (Jovanče), Иван (Ivan), јане (Jane) ованка (Jovanka), Ивана (Ivana), Иванка (Ivanka), јана (Jana) Malayalam( Lonappan) Maltawannimāorihōnenorwegiajohan, Johannes, JohnPersiaیوحنا (Yohannan), یحنا (Yohannan), یحیی (Yahya) Piedmontegioannpolandiajanjanina, JoannaPortugisjoão, Ivo, Ivãjoana, Ivanjoana, Iva, arumaniaioan, Ionuț, Ionel, Ionică, Nelu, IanCuioanarusiaиван (Ivan), Иоанн (Ioann, Hebrew form) Яна (Yana), Жaннa ( Janna), Иoaннa (Yoanna, Hebrew form) Samoaioanesamogitiajuonssardiniagiuanniskotlandiaian, John, Jock, Scottish Gaelic, Eòin, Seathanseòna, Seònag, Seònaid, Siubhan, Sìneserbiaјован (), Иван (Ivan), јанко (Janko), јовица (Jovica), Ивица (Ivica), Ивко (Ivko) јована (Jovana), Ивана (Ivana), јованка (Jovanka), Иванка (Ivanka) SisiliagiuvannigiuvannasinHalajuvam, YohanSlowakiaján, IvanJana, Ivana, IvonasLoveniajanez, Ivan, Ivo, Jan, Janko, Anže, AnžejspanyolJuanjuana, JuanaSwedianWedianJuanjuana Aiwar, Jan, Johan, Junka, Johannes, John, Hans, Hannes, HampusJohanna, Hannasuriah( Yoḥannan), ), TongasioneTurkiyahya, Yuhanna, Janukrainaіван (Ivan), Іванко (Ivanko) VietnamgioanWelshevan, Ianto, Ieuan, Ifan, Ioan, Sioned, Siwan, All pages with titles beginning with John All pages with titles containing John Reference Category:Names Hebrew-speaking Category:Giving names Category:Masculine given names


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth

Main Page The Good Earth is a novel by Pearl S. Buck published in 1931 and awarded the Pulitzer Award for Novel in 1932.


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth

The best-selling novels in the United States in 1931 and 1932 were an influencing factor in Bucak's victory in the Nobel Literature Prize in 1938.


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth

That novel was the first book in a trilogy which included Sons (1932) and A House Divided (1935).


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth

The novel, which dramatizes family life within a Chinese village before World War I, has been well-liked ever since.


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth

It was included in the list of 100 amazing books according to File Magazine of 1924—1944. [1]


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth

In 2004, the book again entered the best selling list when it was selected by television host Oprah Winfrey for Oprah's Book Club. [2]


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth

The novel helped Americans in the 1930s consider China an ally in the war against Japan. [3]


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth

A Broadway stage adaptation was produced by the Theatre Guild in 1932, written by the playwriters' father-son couple Owen and Donald Davis, but achieved low reviews from critics, and was only shown 56 times.


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth

However, the 1937 film, The Good Earth, which was based on a version of the play, achieved more success.


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth

Additional reading notes W. John Campbell: The Book of Great Books: A Guide to 100 World Classics.


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth

Barnes & Noble Publishing 2002, ISBN978-0-7607-1061-6, pp.284—294 (, p. 284, at Google Books) Charles Hayford, “,” Education about Asia, volume 3, number 3, winter 1998.


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth

Hilary Spurling.


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth

Burying the Bones: Pearl Buck in China.


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth

(London: Profile, 2010.


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth

Published in the United States as Hilary Spurling.