Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Then they delivered the answer to the king. [16]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The renewal that Josiah made after that the king sent people to gather all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Then the king went to the house of the LORD with all the people of Judah and the people of Jerusalem, the priests, and all the lay people, both great and small.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

By their hearing, he recited all the words of the covenant found in the house of the Lord.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Then the king stood in his place near the pillar, and he was bound before the Lord to live by following the Lord, and to keep His commandments, His rules, and His decrees with all his heart and with all his soul and to do the words of the covenant written in the book.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

He told everyone who was in Jerusalem and Benjamin to participate in the covenant.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

And the people of Jerusalem do according to the covenant of God, the God of their fathers.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

And all the people supported the agreement. [17]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Josiah took away all gods of abomination from all areas of the Israelites and told all those in Israel to worship the LORD their God.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

So throughout Josiah's life they did not stray following the LORD the God of their fathers. [18]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The king gave orders to the high priest of Hilkia and to the second-order priests and to the doormen to bring out from the temple of the Lord all the tools that had been made for Baal and Ashera and for all the armies of the heavens, and they burned them outside the city of Jerusalem in the field. Kidron paddocks, and he transported his ashes to Bethel.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

He dismissed the priests of foreign gods who had been appointed by the kings of Judah to burn sacrifices on the sacrificial hill in the cities of Judah and around Jerusalem, as well as those who burned offerings for Baal, for the sun god, for the moon god, for the racials of the stars and for all sky soldiers.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

And the pillars of idols were brought from the house of the LORD out of Jerusalem, to the river Kidron, and they were burnt there, and put them finely into ashes, and the ashes were thrown into the graves of the common people.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

He knocked down the plots of filial prostitutes in the house of the LORD, where the women weaved sarongs for Asyera.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

He was sent to all the priests from the cities of Judah, and he defile the sacrificial hills, where the priests burned sacrifices, from Geba to Bersyeba, and the sacrificial hills were torn down at the gates near the gate of Joshua, the ruler of the city, which was On the left if people enter the gate of the city.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

But the priests of the sacrificial hills must not ascend to the altar of the LORD in Jerusalem, only they may eat unleavened bread in the midst of their brethren.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

He defiles also the Tofet in the valley of Ben-Hinom, lest people offer their children as sacrifices in the fire to the god Molokh.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

There were the horses that the kings of Judah put for the sun god at the entrance to the house of the LORD, near the chambers of Natan-Melekh, the palace servant, who lived in the side building; also the chariots of the sun god were burned with fire.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The altars, which were above the sotoh, the place of Ahaz, made by the kings of Judah, and the altars that Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD, were torn down by the king, and crushed there, and his ashes were thrown into the river Kidron.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The sacrificial hills that existed east of Jerusalem to the south of the hill of Rottenness and which were erected by Solomon, king of Israel, for Asytoret, the god of revulsion of the Sidonians, and for Kamos, the god of revulsion of Moab, and for Milkom, the god of the worship abomination of the Ammonites, defile by the king.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

He broke the idols and cut down the pillars of the idols, and the places filled with the bones of men.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The destruction of the altar at Bethel Also the altar at Bethel, the sacrificial hill made by Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, which resulted in the Israelites sinning, and the altar and the sacrificial hill were torn down and the stones were broken, and they were cut finely into ashes, and burnt Idolatrous poles.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

And when Josiah turned away, he saw the graves that were on the mountain there, and sent people to take the bones from the graves, burn them on the altar and clean them, according to the word of the LORD which had been sent by the man of God who had called for these things.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

He said: “What is this sacred sign I see?”


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

And the people in the city answered him, “This is the grave of the man of God who came from Judah and who called for all the things you have done to the altar of Bethel!”


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Then he said, “Let it be, let no man touch his bones!”


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

So they did not disturb the bones and the bones of the prophet who had come from Samaria.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Also all the temples on the sacrificial hills in the cities of Samaria made by the kings of Israel to inflict the heartache of the LORD, were kept away by Josiah and in this case he acted precisely like his actions in Bethel.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

He slaughtered on the altars all the priests of the sacrificial hills that were there, and burned the bones of men on them, and he went home to Jerusalem. [19]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Then the king commanded the whole nation: “Take Passover to the LORD your God, as it is written in the book of this covenant.”


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

For Passover has never been celebrated as such since the time of the judges who ruled over Israel and throughout the days of the kings of Israel and the kings of Judah.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

But only in the 18th year of the day of king Josiah this Passover was celebrated for the LORD in Jerusalem.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Passover lamb is slaughtered on the fourteenth of the first month.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

He set the duties of priests, and encouraged them to perform their duties in the house of the LORD.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

He said to the Levites who were teachers of all Israel and the saints of the LORD, “Place the holy ark in the house which Solomon the son of David, the king of Israel had established.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

No longer do you carry it.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Now serve the LORD your God, and Israel, His people!


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Be prepared according to your fathers and according to your entourage as David, king of Israel, and Solomon, his son wrote.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Stand in the courtyard of the sanctuary according to the other group of your brethren, the laity, with a group of Levites for each group of your brethren.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Slaughter the Passover lamb, sanctify yourselves, and make preparations for your brethren, that what the LORD said by the service of Moses.”


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Josiah donated to the laity a number of thirty thousand sheep, the sheep and the young goats, all as Passover offerings for all those present.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

In addition, three thousand oxen were donated.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

It's all from the king's property.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Also his chaplains made voluntary donations to the people, the priests, and the Levites.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Then Hilkia, Zechariah and Jehiel, the leaders of the house of God, gave the priests 2,600 sheep as passover offerings and besides 300 oxen.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

So Konanya and his two brothers, Semaya and Netaneel, and Hasabya, Yeiel and Yozabad, the leaders of the Levites, donated to the Levites five thousand sheep as passover offerings and besides five hundred oxen.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

After the ceremony of worship is prepared, stand the priests in their place and the Levites according to his entourage f according to the king's orders.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

So the Passover lamb was slaughtered, and the priests watered the blood they received from the Levites, while the Levites skinned the lamb.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

But they separated burnt offerings to be handed over to the laity according to their party, so that they might be offered to the LORD as written in the book of Moses.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Similarly done them with oxen.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Then they cooked the Passover lamb on the fire according to the rules, and their holy offerings cooked in cauldrons, belanga and frying pan, and brought them quickly to all the laity.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Then they provided it for himself and for the priests, for the priests, the sons of Aaron, were busy offering burnt offerings and all fat.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Therefore the Levites provided it for himself and for the priests, the sons of Aaron.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The singers, the sons of Asaph, are in their place according to the orders of David, Asaph, Heman and Yedutun, the king's seers; also the waiters of the gate are at every gate.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

They did not have to abandon their duties, for their brethren, the Levites, provided it for them.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Thus, all ceremonies of worship for the Lord were prepared on that day to celebrate Passover and to offer burnt offerings on the altar of the Lord according to the order of king Josiah.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

At that time the Israelites who were present there celebrated Passover and the feast of Unleavened Bread for seven days.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Such passover has never again been celebrated in Israel since the prophet Samuel.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

No one of the kings of Israel had never celebrated the Passover as Josiah celebrated with the priests and the Levites, with all Judah and Israel able to attend, and with the inhabitants of Jerusalem. [20]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The prophecy of the banishment of Judah The spirit summoners, and the diviner spirit summoners, as well as terapfim, idols and all the gods of revulsion seen in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, were wiped out by Josiah with the intention of keeping the words of the Torah written in the book which had been found by the priest Hilkia in the house of the LORD.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Before him there was no king like him who turned to the LORD with all his heart, with all his soul and with all his strength, according to all the Torah of Moses; and after him there was no rise any more like him. But the Lord did not turn out of His blazing wrath which had risen against Judah because of all his heartache that Manasseh caused.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

And the LORD said, “And the people of Judah will I keep away from Me as I put away the Israelites, and I will cast away this city which I have chosen, Jerusalem, and this house, even though I have said of it, My name shall dwell there!” [21]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The battle with Nekho and Josiah's death Later than all this, in the 31st year of Josiah's reign, after Josiah had repaired the house of the LORD, went forward Nekho, king of Egypt, was about to fight in Carchemist with the king of Assyria on the banks of the river Euphrates.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Josiah came out facing him.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Nekho sent a messenger to Josiah, with the message: “What is your business with me, king of Judah?


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Right now I am not coming against you, but against the king family I am fighting against.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

God commanded me to act immediately.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Stop your intention against God who is with me, that you may not be destroyed!”


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

But Josiah did not turn away from him, but disguised himself to fight against him. He did not heed the words of Nekho, who was God's message, then fought in the valley of Megido.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

As soon as Nekho saw it! So the archers fired upon the king of Josiah, and the king cried out to his men, “Take me from here, for I am mortally wounded!”


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

His men lifted him from his chariot, then transported him by his spare train from Megido and took him to Jerusalem.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Then he died, and buried in his own grave in the graveyard of his fathers.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

All of Judah and Jerusalem mourned for Josiah.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Jeremiah made a lamentation about Josiah.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

And all male singers and female singers sang lamentations concerning Josiah, and they made it a custom in Israel.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

They are written in Lamentative Verses. [22]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The battle at Megido occurred around 609 BC. [1] [2] The successor to the throne. After that, the people of the land picked up Jehoahas, Josiah's son, anointed him and raised him king in place of his father. [23]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Descendants of Josiah: 4 sons [24] Johanan (eldest son) of Jehoiakim, from his wife, Zebuda binti Pedaya, of Ruma. [25]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Zedekiah, from his wife, Hamutal binti Jeremiah, of Libna. [26]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Salum (or Jehoahas [27]) of his wife, Hamutal binti Jeremiah, of Libna. [27]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The 3rd and 4th order is not the order of birth, considering Salum was older by 13 years than Zedekiah, so it is alleged that this list was arranged according to order of death, where Salum was the last to die (in Egypt) among his brothers.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Historical sources Sources of textual information regarding Josiah's reign are mainly from the Bible, [28] particularly 2 Kings 22—23 and 2 Chronicles 34—35.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

There has not been found any archaeological evidence regarding Josiah's figure nor his activities.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Seal seals and seal traces from that period indicate a transition from an earlier period containing images of stars and moons to seals bearing only names, possibly indicative of Josiah's application of monotheism. [29]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The year of Josiah's death can be ascertained quite accurately.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The Babylonian Chronicle gives a date of war in Harran between the Assyrians and their Egyptian allies against the Babylonians in Tammuz (July—August) to Elul (Augustus—September) 609 BC.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

On that basis, it is reckoned Josiah was killed in Tammuz (July—August) 609 BC, when the Egyptians were on their way to Harran. [30]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Josiah was 8 years old at the time he became king and 31 years he ruled in Jerusalem. [4] (641/640 BC — 609 BC) His father, Ammon died at the age of 24 after reigning in Jerusalem for 2 years, when Josiah was 8 years old. [31] ~ 643/642-641/640 BC Josiah's son, Elyakim or Jehoiakim, was born to his wife, Zebuda binti Pedaya, of Ruma, [25] when Josiah was 14 years old. [25] [32] (~634 BC) Josiah's son, Jehoahas, was born to his wife, Hamutal binti Jeremiah, of Libna, [27] [27] [33] (~632 BC) Josiah was 16 years old. [27] [33] (~632 BC) Josiah was 16. [27] [33] (~632 BC) Josiah was 16. [27] Sia, His Eye or Zedekiah, was born from his wife, Hamutal binti Jeremiah, of Libna, [26] when Josiah was 29 years old. [26] [34] (~619 BC) Josiah's grandson, Yekhonya or Konya or Jehoiachin, was born by Nehusta binti Elnatan, of Jerusalem, to Jehoiakim (18 years old), when Josiah was 32 years old. [35] [36] 616 BC) Josiah died in age 39, when Jehoahaz was 23 years old, and was appointed king (3 months he reigned in Jerusalem). [27] [33] (~609 BC) According to the year of the Kingdom of Judah According to the reckoning time of the reign of king Asa, Jehoshaphat and so on, then the years of Josiah's life can be counted since the founding of the Kingdom of Judah (starting from the breakup of the Kingdom of Israel in 931 BC).


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

284th year (49th year of Manasseh, Manasseh 61 years, Ammon 16 years): Josiah the son of Ammon was born to Judah binti Adah, of Bozkat, when Ammon was 16 years old. [4] ~648 BC.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

290th year (55th year of Manasseh, Josiah 6 years): Manasseh died at the age of 67, succeeded by his son, Ammon becoming king of the Kingdom of Judah.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

At that time Ammon was 22 years old. [31] ~643/642 BC.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

292nd year (2nd year Ammon, Josiah 8 years): Ammon died at the age of 24, succeeded by his son, Josiah becoming king of the Kingdom of Judah.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Josiah was 8 years old at that time. [4] ~640 BC.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

298th year (6th year of Josiah, Josiah 14 years): Elyakim or Jehoiakim was born by Zebuda binti Pedaya, of Ruma, to Josiah, when Josiah was 14 years old. [25] [32] ~634 BC.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

300th year (8th year of Josiah (16 years), Jehoiakim 2 years): ~632 BC.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Josiah began to seek the God of David, the father of his ancestors. [6]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Jehoahaz was born by Hamutal binti Jeremiah, of Libna, to Josiah, when Josiah was 16 years old. [27] [33] Year 304 (12th year of Josiah (20 years), Jehoiakim 6 years old, Jehoahaz 4 years old): Josiah began to cleanse Judah and Jerusalem rather than sacrificial hills, pillars of idols, statues sculptures and sculptures of castings. [6] ~628 BC.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

305th year (13th year of Josiah (21 years), Jehoiakim 7 years, Jehoahaz 5 years): ~627 BC.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The Word of the Lord began to be conveyed through the prophet Jeremiah, [37] until the banishment of the people of Judah to Babylon about 40 years later.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

310th year (18th year of Josiah (26 years), Jehoiakim 12 years, Jehoahaz 10 years): ~622 BC.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The improvement of the house of God begins The rediscovery of the book The binding of the covenant with God The celebration of Passover Year 313 (the 21st year of Josiah (29 years), Jehoiakim 15 years, Jehoahas 13 years old): Zedekiah was born by Hamutal binti Jeremiah, of Libna, to Josiah, when Josiah was 16 years old. [26] [34] ~619 SM.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

316th year (24th year of Josiah (32 years), Jehoiakim 18 years, Jehoahaz 16 years, Zedekiah 3 years old): Yekhonya or Jehoiachin was born by Nehusta binti Elnatan, from Jerusalem, to Jehoiakim (18 years old), when Josiah was 32 years old. [35] [36] (~616 BC) Josiah (39 years old), Jehoiakim 25 years, Jehoahas 23 years, Zedekiah 10 years, Jehoiakhin 7 years): (609 BC) The Battle of Megido between Josiah and his army against an Egyptian army led by Pharaoh Nekho II in which Josiah suffered deadly injuries.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Josiah died at the age of 39 in Jerusalem, [4] succeeded by his son, Jehoahaz became king of the Kingdom of Judah.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

At that time Jehoahas was 23 years old. [27] [33] (~609 BC) Jehoahas was dismissed from his new 3-month reign in Jerusalem by Pharaoh Nekho II and locked up in Ribla, in the land of Hamath, [38] then taken to Egypt to death there. [39]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Elyakim the son of Josiah, brother of Jehoahaz, was appointed by Pharaoh Nekho II king over Judah and Jerusalem, and traded his name with Jehoiakim. [39]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

He reigned 11 years in Jerusalem. [25] [32] The Jewish tradition, according to Seder Olam Rabbah, a Jewish chronicle from the 2nd century AD, which contains a chronology from creation to Roman times, there is an interval of 218 years from the improvement of the house of God carried out by Joas to the repair of the house of God to the repair of the house of Joas to the repair of the house performed by Josiah. [40]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

See also Amon Manasseh Nekho II Jehoakhin Jehoiakim Zedekiah Related Bible Parts: 2 Kings 21, 2 Kings 22, 2 Kings 23, 2 Kings 24, 2 Chronicles 33, 2 Chronicles 34, 2 Chronicles 35, 2 Chronicles 35, 2 Chronicles 36, Jeremiah 1 Category:King Judah Kings Category:Book of Judah Kings 2- King Category:Book 2 Chronicles Category:Death 609 BC Category:Birth 648 BC


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The history of computers includes hardware, its architecture, and its influence on software.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Computer understanding Computer is a tool used to process data according to commands that have been formulated.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The word computer was originally used to describe people whose work is doing arithmetic calculations, with or without aids, but the meaning of this word is then transferred to the machine itself.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

In the beginning, information processing almost exclusively relates to arithmetic problems, but modern computers are used for many tasks that are not related to mathematics.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Broadly speaking, a computer can be defined as an electronic equipment consisting of several components, which can work together between one component and another to produce an information based on existing programs and data.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The computer components include: Screen Monitor, CPU, Keyboard, Mouse and Printer (sbg complement).


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Without a printer the computer can still do its job as a data processor, but limited to visible on the screen monitor is not yet in the form of print out (paper).


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

In such definitions there are tools such as slide rule, a type of mechanical calculator ranging from abakus onwards, to all contemporary electronic computers.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Better terms suitable for such broad meanings as “computer” are “which processes information” or “information-processing system.”


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Nowadays, computers are already getting more sophisticated.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

But, before computers were not as small, as sophisticated, as cool and light as they are now.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

In the history of computers, there have been 5 generations in the history of computers.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The first generation of computers With the onset of the Second World War, countries involved in the war sought to develop computers to exploit the strategic potential that computers had.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

This increased the funding of computer development as well as accelerated the advancement of computer engineering.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

In 1941, Konrad Zuse, a German engineer built a computer, the Z3, to design airplanes and control bullets.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Allied parties also made other advances in the development of computer power.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

In 1943, the British completed a secret codebreaking computer called Colossus to crack the secret codes used by the Germans.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The impact of making Colossus did not greatly affect the development of the computer industry for two reasons.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

First, Colossus is not a general-purpose computer, it is simply designed to crack secret codes.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Secondly, the existence of these machines was kept secret for up to a decade after the end of the war.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The effort made by the American side at the time resulted in another advance.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Howard H. Aiken (1900—1973), a Harvard engineer who worked with IBM, successfully manufactured electronic calculators for the U.S. Navy.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Those calculators measure the length of half a football court and have a 500-mile range of wires.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The Harvard-IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, or Mark I, is an electronic relay computer.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

It uses electromagnetic signals to drive mechanical components.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The machine opredates slowly (it takes 3-5 seconds for each calculation) and is inflexible (the calculation order cannot be changed).


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Such calculators can perform basic arithmatic calculations and more complex equations.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Another computer development in the present is the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), created by a cooperation between the United States government and the University of Pennsylvania.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Consisting of 18,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 resistors, and 5 million soldering points, the computer is a very large machine that consumes 160kW of power.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

This computer was designed by John Presper Eckert (1919-1995) and John W. Mauchly (1907-1980), ENIAC was a versatile computer (general purpose computer) that worked 1000 times faster than the Mark I. In the mid-1940s, John von Neumann (1903-1957) joined the University of Pennsylvania in an effort to build a computer design concept that up to 40 years to come is still used in computer engineering.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Von Neumann designed the Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC) in 1945 with a memory to hold both programs or data.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

This technique allows the computer to stop at some point and then resume its work again.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The main key to von Neumann's architecture is the central processing unit (CPU), which allows the entire computer's functions to be coordinated through a single source.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

In 1951, UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) made by Remington Rand, became the first commercial computer to utilize the aforementioned Von Neumann architectural model.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Both the United States Census Agency and General Electric own UNIVAC.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

One of the impressive results achieved by UNIVAC was its success in predicting Dwilight D. Eisenhower's victory in the presidential election of 1952.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Computers The first generation is characterized by the fact that the operating instructions are created specifically for a specific task.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Each computer has a different binary code program called “machine language” (machine language).


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

This causes the computer to be difficult to program and limits its speed.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Another feature of first-generation computers was the use of vacuum tubes (which made computers at the time very large) and magnetic cylinders for data storage.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Second generation In 1948, the invention of the transistor greatly influenced the development of computers.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in televisions, radios, and computers.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

As a result, the size of the electric machines is drastically reduced.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Transistors began to be used inside computers starting in 1956.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Another invention in the form of the development of magnetic core-memory helped the development of second generation computers that were smaller, faster, more reliable, and more energy-efficient than their predecessors.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The first machine to take advantage of this new technology was a supercomputer.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

IBM made a supercomputer named Stretch, and Sprery-Rand made a computer named LARC.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

These computers, developed for atomic energy laboratories, can handle large amounts of data, an ability that is desperately needed by atomic researchers.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Such machines are very expensive and tend to be too complex for business computing needs, thus limiting their popularity.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

There were only two LARCs ever installed and used: one at Lawrence Radiation Labs in Livermore, California, and the other at the U.S. Navy Research and Development Center in Washington D.C. A second-generation computer replaced machine language with assembly language.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Assembly language is a language that uses abbreviations to replace binary code.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

In the early 1960s, began to emerge successful second-generation computers in business, in universities, and in government.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

These second generation computers are computers that fully use transistors.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

They also have components that can be associated with computers at this point: printers, storage in diskettes, memory, operating systems, and programs.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

One notable example of computers in these times was the 1401 which was widely accepted among industry.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

By 1965, almost all major businesses were using second-generation computers to processinform finance.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The programs stored inside the computer and the programming languages that are in it provide flexibility to the computer.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

This flexibility improves performance at a price that is appropriate for business use.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

With this concept, computers can print consumer purchase invoices and then run product designs or calculate payrolls.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Several programming languages started popping up at the time.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The Common Business-Oriented Language (COBOL) and Formula Translator (FORTRAN) programming languages came into common use.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

This programming language replaces complicated machine code with words, sentences, and mathematical formulas that are easier to understand by humans.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

This makes it easier for a person to program and set up a computer.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

A whole range of new careers have sprung up (programmers, systems analysts, and computer systems experts).


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Industr software also began to emerge and develop during the time of these second generation computers.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The third generation Although transistors in many ways outperform vacuum tubes, they produce considerable heat, which can potentially damage the internal parts of the computer.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Quartz stone (quartz rock) eliminates this problem.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Jack Kilby, an engineer at Texas Instrument, developed the integrated circuit (IC: integrated circuit) in 1958.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

IC combines three electronic components in a small silicon disc made of quartz sand.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Scientists then managed to put more components into a single chip called semiconductor.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

As a result, computers become increasingly smaller as the components can be compacted in the chip.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Another third-generation computer advancement is the use of an operating system (operating system) that allows the machine to run a variety of different programs synchronously with a main program that monitors and coordinates the computer's memory.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Fourth generation After IC, the development goal became clearer: shrinking the size of circuits and electrical components.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Large Scale Integration (LSI) can load hundreds of components in a chip.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

In the 1980s, Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) loaded thousands of components in a single chip.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Ultra-Large Scale Integration (ULSI) increases that number to millions.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The ability to install such a large number of components in a piece that has less than half a piece of metal money drives down the price and size of the computer.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

It also increases the working power, efficiency and reliability of computers.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The Intel 4004 chip made in 1971brought progress on ICs by putting all components of a computer (central processing unit, memory, and input/output control) in a very small chip.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Previously, ICs were created to perform a specific specific task.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Now, a microprocessor can be manufactured and then programmed to meet all desired needs.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Not long after, every household appliances such as microwaves, ovens, televisions, and cars with electronic fuel injection (EFI) were equipped with microprocessors.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Such developments allowed ordinary people to use ordinary computers.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Computers are no longer the dominance of large corporations or government agencies.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

By the middle of the 1970s, computer assemblers were offering their computer products to the general public.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

These computers, called minicomputers, are sold with software packages that are easy to use by ordinary people.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The most popular software at the time was word processing and spreadsheet programs.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

In the early 1980s, video games such as the Atari 2600 drew consumers' attention to more sophisticated and programmable home computers.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

In 1981, IBM introduced the use of the Personal Computer (PC) for home, office, and school use.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The number of PCs in use jumped from 2 million units in 1981 to 5.5 million units in 1982.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Ten years later, 65 million PCs were used.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Computers continue their evolution towards smaller sizes, from computers that are on a desk (desktop computer) to computers that can be put in bags (laptops), or even computers that can be grasped (palmtop).


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The IBM PC competed with the Apple Macintosh in fighting over the computer market.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The Apple Macintosh became famous for mobilizing graphics systems on its computers, while its rivals still used computers that were text-based.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The Macintosh also mobilizes the use of mouse devices.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Today, we know the journey of IBM compatible with CPU usage: IBM PC/486, Pentium, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV (Serial from Intel CPU).


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Also we know AMD k6, Athlon, etc.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

These all fall into the class of fourth-generation computers.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Along with the proliferation of computer use in the workplace, new ways to unearth potential continue to be developed.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

As a small computer grows in strength, they can be connected simultaneously in a network to share memory, software, information, and also to be able to communicate with one another.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Computer networks allow a single computer to form electronic cooperation to complete a task process.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

By using direct wiring (also called Local Area Network or LAN), or [telephone cable, these networks can evolve to be very large.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Fifth generation Defining a fifth-generation computer becomes quite difficult because this stage is still very young.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

An imaginative example of a fifth-generation computer is the fictional computer HAL9000 from a novel by Arthur C. Clarke titled 2001: Space Odyssey.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

HAL displays the entire desired functionality of a fifth-generation computer.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

With artificial intelligence (AI), HAL can have enough reason to accomplish with humans, use visual input, and learn from its own experiences.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Although it is possible that the realization of HAL9000 is still far from reality, many of the functions it has have already been realized.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Some computers can receive instructions orally and are capable of imitating human reasoning.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The ability to translate foreign languages has also become possible.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The facility seems simple.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

But the facility becomes much more complicated than thought when programmers realize that human sense depends largely on context and understanding rather than simply translating words directly.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Many advances in the field of computer design and technology are increasingly enabling the creation of fifth-generation computers.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Two foremost engineering advances are parallel processing capabilities, which will replace the non Neumann model.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The non Neumann model will be replaced with a system capable of coordinating many CPUs to work in unison.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Another advancement is superconducting technology that allows electrical flow without any obstacles, which can later accelerate the speed of information.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Japan is a country renowned for its socialization of jargon and fifth-generation computer projects.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

The ICOT Institute (Institute for new Computer Technology) was also set up to realize it.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Many news states that this project has failed, but some other information that the success of this fifth generation computer project will bring a new change of computerized paradigm in the world.


Question: When did computers start to be used in Indonesia?

History of computers

Outside links


Question: What is the area of Bamiyan city?

Bamiyan Province

Bamiyan Province is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan.


Question: What is the area of Bamiyan city?

Bamiyan Province

The area is located in the middle of the country.


Question: What is the area of Bamiyan city?

Bamiyan Province

Its capital city is also named Bamiyan.


Question: What is the area of Bamiyan city?

Bamiyan Province

The city of Bamiyan is the largest city in the Hazarajat area of Afghanistan, and is the cultural capital of the ethnic Hazara people who make up the majority in this area.


Question: What is the area of Bamiyan city?

Bamiyan Province

Bamiyan is also famous for its beautiful natural scenery.


Question: What is the area of Bamiyan city?

Bamiyan Province

Band-i-Amir Lake in the west of Bamiyan province is a tourism destination for Afghanians.


Question: What is the area of Bamiyan city?

Bamiyan Province

In ancient times, Central Afghanistan was strategically located and developed rapidly due to the influence of the Silk Road.


Question: What is the area of Bamiyan city?

Bamiyan Province

Many caravans crossed this area trading between the Roman Empire, China and India.


Question: What is the area of Bamiyan city?

Bamiyan Province

Bamiyan is a stopping place for many travelers.


Question: What is the area of Bamiyan city?

Bamiyan Province

This is where elements of Greek, Persian and Buddhist art combine into a unique classical style called Buddha-Greek Art.


Question: What is the area of Bamiyan city?

Bamiyan Province

In Bamiyan lies the site of an ancient Buddhist monastery.


Question: What is the area of Bamiyan city?

Bamiyan Province

Many Buddha statues are sculpted on the cliffs of the ravine overlooking the city of Bamiyan.


Question: What is the area of Bamiyan city?

Bamiyan Province

These two main statues, are Buddha statues standing at 55 and 37 meters in height, and are the largest examples of sculpted Buddha statues in the world.


Question: What is the area of Bamiyan city?

Bamiyan Province

Most likely they were built in the 4th century and 5th century AD.


Question: What is the area of Bamiyan city?

Bamiyan Province

For several years, these statues were cultural landmarks and were enlisted by UNESCO on the UNESCO World Heritage List.


Question: What is the area of Bamiyan city?

Bamiyan Province

In March 2001, the Taliban regime led by Governor Mohammed Islam Mohammadi and Information Minister Qudratullah Jamal issued a fatwa that these statues were idols and ordered to be destroyed with anti-air weapons and other explosives. [2]


Question: What is the area of Bamiyan city?

Bamiyan Province

The political governor of Bamiyan Province is Habiba Sarabi, the first female governor of Afghanistan who was sworn in 2005.


Question: What is the area of Bamiyan city?

Bamiyan Province

Bamiyan District Kahmard Panjab Sayghan Shibar Waras Yakawlang Reference See also Bamiyan Bamiyan Buddha Statue Category:Province in Afghanistan


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Arius or Arius of Alexandria (250-336) was a Christian figure who lived in the late 3rd to early 4th centuries, in Alexandria (Alexandria), Egypt during the reign of Emperor Constantine the Great. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Arius rejected the teachings regarding the divinity of Christ with the view that Christ was only God's creation and not God.


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

These views later influenced the rise of a movement called Arianism. [2]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Arius' thoughts on the divinity of Christ were later rejected in the Council of Nicaea and he was excommunicated from the church. [3]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Background Arius was born in Alexandria in 250, during the reign of Emperor Decius. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

He received theological education from Lucian, a theologian from Antioch. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

After Lucian died in 306, Arius returned to Alexandria and settled there. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

In Alexandria, Arius was appointed a deacon by Bishop Peter of Aleksandria. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Bishop Peter himself was in consternation with Meletius of Lycopolis, regarding the rejection of apostate Christians during the time of torture by the Roman empire. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

However, Arius was on Meletius' side, so he was excommunicated from the church by Peter. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

In 311, Peter was succeeded by Akhillas, who later restored the post of deacon Arius, even elevating him as presbiter. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Akhillas died in 312 and was succeeded by Alexander. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

The controversy over the Divinity of Christ of the Year 318 there was tension between Arius and Alexander, when Arius developed his theology typical of the Antioch tradition. [2]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Arius' later thought that caused debate and dispute with Alexander was regarding the divinity of Christ.


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

In line with Origenes' thought, he believed that God the Father was greater than the Son or Christ and also later greater than the Holy Spirit. [4]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

However, he included the concept of monotheism in the understanding of God by concluding that only God the Father is God, while Christ or the Son is only the creature of God the firstborn and supreme Father, but not God. [2] [4] As a created being, Christ impermanent. [4]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Once He did not exist, and was then created from the non-existent. [4]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

The points of Arius' understanding are contained in his written book entitled Thallia.


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Alexander disapproved of this view of Arius.


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

According to Alexander, the Father is eternal, but never exists without the Son, so the Son is also eternal. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

The Son was not created by God out of nothing, but he has existed with God and is all along with God. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

According to Alexander the Son must truly be God in order to save mankind. [5]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

In 318 Alexander held a synod in Alexandria which decided that Arius be punished.


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Alexander condemned the teachings of Arius. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Arius was also condemned along with five presbiters and six other deacons. [1] [5] However, Arius also had many supporters. [5]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

He then appealed to Eusebius of Nicomedia for help. [3]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Eusebius had a strong position to support Arius, and this ignited a great schism. [3]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

This uproar divided the two churches in Alexandria into the stronghold of Arius and the stronghold of Alexander. [5]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Council of Nicea Debates and disputes in Alexandria later unsettled Emperor Constantine. [5]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

He felt that divisions within the church could disrupt the security and stability of the country. [5]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

However, Constantine did not immediately take the decision to judge unilaterally. [3]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

He chose to call upon the bishops to find a way to resolve this infighting. [3]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Later in 325, Constantine summoned bishops from various corners of the Roman empire to assemble in a council in the City of Nicea (now Iznik in Turkey). [6]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

This council opened with a discussion on the issues of Arius' views. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Eusebius of Nicomedia led several bishops who supported Arius. [6]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Yet when Arius recited his views on the divinity of Christ and other views, many bishops later withdrew his support from Arius for viewing his writings as blasphemous. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

The attendees of the council then did not accept Arius' views and decided to reject them. [4]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

But they also had to formulate a confession that could counter Arius' views. [5]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Later Bishop Eusebius of Caesarea proposed using the confessions used in Caesarea. [4]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

This confession does not use the word homoousios (one essence) because it is considered unbiblical. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

However, Constantine and the other bishops chose to use it in the formulation of the confession to oppose Arius, as Arius blatantly rejected the concept of homoousios. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Only two bishops supported Arius' views and rejected the concept of homoousios. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Arius' support group chose to suggest that the Son has a similar essence to the Father (homoiousios). [5]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

But in the end it was decided that the Son was not created, but was equal (homoousios) with the Father formulated in the Nicaese Confession of Faith. [4]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Arius' views were later rejected and Arius along with some who supported him were punished by means of being excommunicated from the church. [4]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

The exclusion and Death of Arius and his views were condemned in Nicea. [4]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

He along with several bishops who supported him were later excommunicated from the church and banished and his post removed. [4]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

His book, Thallia, was burned and his followers were considered enemies of the church. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

In the banishment, Arius suffered so much that Constantine's younger sister, Constantia, asked Constantine to restore Arius' post. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Constantine approved of it, although Athanasius, the new bishop of Alexandria, rejected it. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

In 336, the ceremony of restoration of Arius's post was then planned to be held in the cathedral of Constantinople. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Athanasius transcribed (Epist. ad.


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Scrapion, Vol. I. p. 523) based on the caption of Macarius the elder, who was present at the time and gave a report that Arius had sworn an oath to accept the orthodox faith (which is opposite to Arianism, the stream he taught), so that it was permissible to re-enter the church in Constantinople. [7]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

However, the ceremony was never carried out because in the afternoon before the ceremony was held, Arius suddenly died. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Records of Athanasius (Epist. ad.


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Scrapion, Vol. I. p. 523) mentions that the bishop of Constantinople, Alexander, locked himself to pray that God might thwart the recovery, while that night Arius and Eusebius of Nicomedia threatened him, trying to get inside the church building, and Arius confidently because of the presence of his friends headed to the restroom, and while sitting there, suddenly 'fell face down, split in the middle of his body' and died immediately, thus losing the opportunity of communion and his life at once. [7]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Epifanius compares this death to that of Judas Iscariot, when noting (Contra Haeres.


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

l.


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Haeres. 68.) that Arius nightly went to the restroom, and suddenly died there with a split stomach, similar to Judas, in a dirty and unclean place. [7]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Ruffinus wrote (L. 1.


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

c.


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

13.), that when he entered the church, at the last moment suddenly he was intending to the restroom, and while sitting there, his entrails all came out, so that he died there. [7]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Some people see Arius' death as punishment from God, while others see Arius' death caused because he was poisoned. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Arius's influence Although Arius was cursed and and died, his teachings and views remained developed and disseminated by his followers. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

These followers of Arius later evolved into a movement or stream called Arianism. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

They were very active in disseminating the teachings of Arius and kept in confrontation with groups that received the Nicaese confession. [4]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Arianism was strongly opposed by Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria. [4]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

Almost Athanasius' entire life was devoted to fighting Arianism. [4]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

However, Arius' followers continued to vigorously spread Arius' teachings all the way to Europe, especially among the Goths. [1] A famous Arianism figure was Ulfilas. [1]


Question: When did Arius of Alexandria embrace Christianity?

Arius

See also Arian Controversy Reference Outside Category:Church History Category:Egyptian Christian Figures Category:Christian Theology Category:Christology


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

Wagyu (和, Wagyū, Japanese cattle) refers to several breeds of cattle.


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

One race among them has a genetic predisposition in the form of high marbling and producing large amounts of oily unsaturated fats.


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

Wagyu cattle are noted for the marble patterns on their flesh and their quality.


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

Meat of this type is generally sold expensively.


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

In some areas of Japan, meat is named after its production region, for example Kobe, Mishima, Matsusaka, Ōmi, and Sanda meats.


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

Genetic predisposition of the Wagyu race results in meat with a higher content of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids [1] than beef in general.


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

Persistent flaking also improves the ratio of monounsaturated fats and saturated fats.


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

History of Japan Because the Japanese mainland is uneven and isolated, various breeding and feeding techniques are applied such as massaging or adding beer or sake to their feed.


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

This is thought to be done to aid digestion and increase appetite during the rainy season, but appears to have no effect on the taste of meat.


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

Massages are performed to prevent muscle cramps at a number of farms in Japan whose animals are not given enough space to utilize their muscles. [2]


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

There are four wagyu breeds: Japanese Black Cow (, Kuroge washu), Japanese Brown Cow (, Akage Washu), Japanese Hornless Cow (阿和, Mukaku Washu), and Japanese Short-Horned Cow (日本, Nihon Tankaku Washu). [3] [4] Japanese Black Cow covers 90% of all cattle fattened in Japan. [5]


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

Black Japanese cattle strains include Tottori, Tajima, Shimane, and Okayama. [6]


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

The Japanese Chocolate Cattle, also known as the Japanese Red cow, [5] is another major breed; [6] its line includes Kochi and Kumamoto.


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

Japanese Short Horned Cattle account for less than 1% of all cattle in Japan. [7]


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

Japanese wagyu meat is also eskported to Malaysia.


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

The Australian Australian Wagyu Association is the largest wagyu race association outside Japan. [8]


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

Both pure and crossbreed wagyu cattle are farmed in Australia for domestic and foreign markets, including Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Indonesia, Great Britain, France, Germany, Denmark, and the United States. [9]


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

Australian wagyu cattle are fed with grain feed for 300-500 days of production period.


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

Wagyu farmed in the Margaret River region of Western Australia, is usually fed with red wine mixed wheat feed.


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

U.S. In the United States, Japanese wagyu cattle are crossed with Angus cows.


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

This crossbreed is named American Style Kobe Beef. [10]


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

Designed to follow the diet of Japanese cattle, wagyu cattle in the United States are fed a mixed feed of corn, alfalfa, barli, and wheat straw.


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

In Colorado, wagyu meat is marketed by one farm near Basalt, Colorado, and one in Rush, Colorado.


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

Wagyu cattle were first exhibited at the National Western Stock Show in 2012. [11]


Question: where does wagyu meat come from?

WAGYU

Advanced Reading Reference Outlinks (in Japanese) Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Professor Kiyoshi Namikawa, Department of Animal Sciences, Kyoto University — Kyoto, Japan, circa 1985 Category:Cattle races Category:Cattle breeds from Japan Category:Japanese Dishes


Question: What is the name of São Paulo Airport?

Guarulhos International Airport

São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport — Governor André Franco Montoro is the main international airport of São Paulo, Brazil located in Guarulhos, São Paulo state with IATA code GRU.


Question: What is the name of São Paulo Airport?

Guarulhos International Airport

The airport is managed by Infraero.


Question: What is the name of São Paulo Airport?

Guarulhos International Airport

Terminals, airlines and destinations JMPL|750px|PUS|Airbus A380 and Airbus A321 at Guarulhos International Airport Scheduled cargo Gallery Inaugural plaque at the airport The control tower Guarulhos Airport at dawn Approach Lighting System CAT II at Guarulhos Airport External view of Terminal 1 (TPS1) Internal view of Terminal 1 (TPS1) External view of Terminal 2 (TPS2) Reference Outside links (in Portuguese) on Infraero Transclusion website error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the name of São Paulo Airport?

Guarulhos International Airport

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. at World Aero Data.


Question: What is the name of São Paulo Airport?

Guarulhos International Airport

Current data as of October 2006.Source: DAFIF.


Question: What is the name of São Paulo Airport?

Guarulhos International Airport

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the name of São Paulo Airport?

Guarulhos International Airport

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. at Great Circle Mapper.


Question: What is the name of São Paulo Airport?

Guarulhos International Airport

Source: DAFIF (effective October 2006).


Question: What is the name of São Paulo Airport?

Guarulhos International Airport


Question: What is the name of São Paulo Airport?

Guarulhos International Airport

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. at NOAA/NWS Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the name of São Paulo Airport?

Guarulhos International Airport

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. at Aviation Safety Network Category:Transportation in São Paulo Guarulhos, International Airport


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Watu Dodol Beach Tourism Area is the entrance to Banyuwangi Regency from Situbondo Regency.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The name Watu Dodol itself refers to a large stone 6 meters high located directly between the two sections of the highway.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The location of this tourist area about 5 kilometers from Ketapang Port, Banyuwangi.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Etymology In Javanese, Watu has the meaning of Batu.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The term Dodol can be interpreted as jenang.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Jenang Dodol may refer to a square-shaped sweet treat the size of a pinkie.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Dodol can also be food from crushed glutinous rice, formed oblong to the size of a palm, then fried.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The uniqueness of Watu Dodol Watu Dodol Watu Dodol is a black rock that is very hard and has a unique shape, that is, the top is larger than the base.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

On the southern side, a moringa tree grows that adds uniqueness of the stone.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Although it used to look haunted, but now Watu Dodol looks beautiful because it is decorated with the garden as a green path.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Gandrung statue Gandrung Statue (typical dance Banyuwangi) with the inscription Welcome to Banyuwangi become a decorator entrance gate to Banyuwangi.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Freshwater wells Freshwater wells are located in the area of Watu Dodol Beach.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Locals confine it with walls made of stone.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Fresh water released is believed to cure various diseases.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Japanese caves Japanese caves were used as defensive fortifications during World War II as well as being used to watch over any ships crossing the Bali Strait.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The cave connects the cave door from the side of the hill leading to the cave door at the top.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The condition of the cave is now poorly maintained and covered with bushes so it is difficult to find, except for people who already know the location for sure.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Sightseeing and beach rest Watu Dodol beach equipped temporary resting place for riders crossing the Situbondo-Banyuwangi path.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

This beach tourist area is equipped with extensive parking facilities, stalls that provide typical Banyuwangi food, shops that sell daily necessities and cell phones, bathrooms for tourists who play on the beach, and fishing boat rentals to the middle of the sea.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The location of the beach is quite shady because it is overgrown with trees.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

In addition to the sea limit to the east, the tourist site is also directly adjacent to the hills and forests, and close to the location of Watu Dodol.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Tomb on the top of the hill There are a pair of tombs on the top of the hill located just behind the beach of Watu Dodol (west side of Watu Dodol).


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

A pair of tombs are sacred by various circles, namely the locals and people from outside the area Banyuwangi.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

It is not uncommon for several people to be recluse at the site of the tomb.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The condition of the tomb is well preserved.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

A Chinese-style canopy and white-sealed floors add cleanliness and beauty.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

To get into the tomb site, there is a spacious parking space that can load dozens of cars.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The driveway to the meal is built with stones as well as cavling to facilitate the journey of visitors.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Visitors can enjoy views of the sea and Watu Dodol from the top of the hill, or enjoy the beauty of the forest filled with wildlife on the other side.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The distinctive features of Chinese culture are again shown by the presence of a small temple on the side of the tomb addressed to the Earth God Tu Di Gong as well as equipped with a container for plugging hio.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Ceremony Puter Kayun Ceremony or Puter Kayon Ritual is a local festival that is usually done after Eid.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The ceremony is the embodiment of gratitude of locals for being able to carry out Eid and memorialize the services of Buyut Jakso, the elder who first opened Kampung Boyolangu.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The ceremony started with a tumpeng and a meal from Boyolangu to Watu Dodol Beach.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The next offering is flown into the sea while Tumpeng is eaten together [1].


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Hotel and restaurant Watu Dodol location is adjacent to Ketapang Port so it is often a resting place for travelers who want to go to or from Bali Island.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Hotels located in Watu Dodol Tourism Area are Hotel Watu Dodol [2].


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The restaurant located in the location of Watu Dodol Tourist Area is Melaties Restaurant.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Legend of Watu Dodol Tourism Area is famous for its mystical legends that also attract the attention of tourists to come.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The name Watu Dodol During the time Blambangan was ruled by Minak Jinggo, there was a war between the forces of Blambangan and Majapahit.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Blambangan's forces suffered such a defeat that many fled towards the coast in the north.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

A soldier Blambangan carries a provision in the form of jadah (a type of dodol, which is an oblong glutinous tick about the size of a palm).


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

While resting on the shore, the provision he brought was left behind.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The dodol eventually turned into Watu Dodol [3].


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Chen Fu Zhen Ren Chen Fu Zhen Ren was an architect who fulfilled the ceremony of King Mengwi to build a royal garden within a certain period of time.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

However, up to three days from the specified deadline, the architect has not built anything.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

During this time King Mengwi kept giving him warnings, but the architect looked indifferent.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

On the night of the third day before the deadline expired, just suddenly a very beautiful palace garden appeared just like that.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Everyone was shocked.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

King Mengwi ordered to arrest the architect out of fear.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

During the night, two soldiers assigned to guard the architect led him to escape to Blambangan because they assumed the architect was actually innocent of anything.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Not how far, their escape was known and they were pursued to cross the Bali Strait.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The two soldiers fought desperately to protect the architect and eventually perished, while the beleaguered architect turned into a huge stone with a strange shape, that is, the top is larger than the bottom.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Locals buried the two warriors on a hilltop near Watu Dodol (the tomb is still frequented today by various beliefs and religions), while the large stone was called Watu Dodol and is still protected today [4].


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Kyai Semar Legend is thought not to come from the local people (Using people - native Blambangan) because they do not know puppetry.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

It is reported that Semar sells on the beach of Watu Dodol, but the materials he sells are rolled.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The rice spilled into a stretch of white sand, while the wooden pickulan was thrown and stuck on the sidelines of Watu Dodol.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The wooden pickulan grew into Moringa Tree.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

It is said that moringa wood can eliminate all canuragan knowledge if it comes into contact with it.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The supply of Kyai Semar drinking water spilled into a source of fresh water flowing on the shore [5].


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Japanese forces attempted to move Watu Dodol During the Japanese occupation of Indonesia, Japanese forces once attempted to move Watu Dodol because it interfered with their transportation.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Dozens of people were deployed to cut Watu Dodol to make it easier to move, but it did not bring results.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

When about to be toppled by towed ship, it turned out that Watu Dodol remained unmoved, instead it is said that the attractive ship finally sank.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Improvement road Situbondo-Banyuwangi Initially Watu Dodol located on the East side of the road connecting Situbondo with Banyuwangi.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

At the time of widening the road, the local government intends to move the location of Watu Dodol which became a tourist icon of the area.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

This is due to the widening of the road more possible to do on the east side, because the west side of the road is a hill.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

After hard to push up and overthrow Watu Dodol, the next day Watu Dodol was again stuck in the original place.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

After the incident, Watu Dodol was never disturbed again.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

That is why now Watu Dodol is in the middle of two road sections.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

Local authorities embellished the site by adding a small park around the perimeter.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

The tomb of two Daughters An adherent of Kejawen stream who reclused in the tomb area of Watu Dodol in 2012 told that he obtained visions.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

In the vision, he was shown that a pair of sacred tombs in Watu Dodol area is the tomb of a pair of royal princesses who were displaced.


Question: How much is the area of Watu Dodol Beach Tourist Area?

Watu Dodol

See also Banyuwangi Reference Footnotes Outside Category:Tourist attractions in East Java Category:Banyuwangi Regency


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Part of a series on TheHistory of Spain Early history Prehistoric Iberia Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula Carthaginian Iberia Roman conquest of Iberia Hispania Romanization of Hispania Medieval Suebic kingdom Visigothic kingdom Byzantine Spania Umayyad conquest of Hispania Al-Andalus/ Reconquista Early Modern Catholic Monarchs Age of Expansion Spanish Empire Golden Age Enlightenment Modern Napoleonic Spain/War of Independence Cádiz Cortes/1812 Constitution Independence of Spanish America Reaction and Revolution Spanish confiscation First Republic Restoration Disaster of 1898 Second Republic Civil War Francoist Spain Contemporary Transition to democracy Spain since 1975 By topic Colonial history Economic history Military history Timeline Spainportalvt Al-Andalus (Arabic: الأندلس, romanized:al-andalus) is the name of a part of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) ruled by Islamists, or Moors between 711 and 1492. [1]


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Al-Andalus is also often called Andalusia, but this usage has ambiguity with the administrative region in modern Spanish Andalusia.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

The period of Islamic rule in Iberia began since the Battle of Guadalete, when the Umayyad forces led by Thariq bin Ziyad defeated the Visigoths who controlled Iberia.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Originally Al-Andalus was a province of the Umayyad Caliphate (711-750), then it was transformed into a kingdom (750-929), a caliphate of its own (929-1031), and finally split into “taifa” namely small kingdoms (1031-1492).


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Since in the end the Jews managed to reclaim Iberia from the hands of Muslims in a process called the Reconquista (literally meaning “re-conquering”), the name Al-Andalus generally does not refer to Iberia generally, but to the areas controlled by Muslims in a bygone age.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

In 1236, the last stronghold of the Muslims in Spain, Granada declared submission to Fernando III of Castile, and became a vassal state of Castile, until in 1492 Muhammad XII surrendered completely to Los Reyes Católicos (Catholic Kingdom of Spain) led by Fernando II of Aragon and Isabel I of Castile.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

While Islamic power in Portugal ended in 1249 with the conquering of the Algarve by Afonso III.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

The defeat of the Muslim rulers was then followed by the persecution and expulsion of Muslims and Jews in Spain. [2]


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

The origin of the word “Al-Andalus” The etymology of the name Al-Andalus is not yet known for certain.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

The name is used to refer to the Iberian peninsula or the area of Southern Iberia controlled by Muslims, and the earliest evidence of this name is on coins minted by the Islamic government in Iberia around 715 (the year of minting is also uncertain as the coins are inscribed in Latin and Arabic , and both give different years). [3]


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

There are at least three etymological theories that have been proposed by Western scholars, all presuming that this name dates back to the time of Roman rule in the Iberian Peninsula.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

The first theory is that the name comes from the Vandals, a Germanic tribe that controlled parts of Iberia during 407-429.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

One of the scholars who accepted this theory was Reinhart P. Dozy, a 19th-century historian. [4]


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

The second theory is derived from the Arabization of the word “Atlantic”.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

The proponent of this theory is the Spanish historian Vallvé. [5]


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

A third theory put forward by Halm (1989) [6] is that this name originated from the given name of the Visigoths tribe ruling in Iberia in the 5th to 9th centuries.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

In Latin, the Iberian Visigoths were called Gothica Sors (land of the Goths raffle).


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Halm predicts that in Gothic the “raffle lands” might be called *landahlauts, and he suggests this is where the origin of the name Al-Andalus came from.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

These three theories all have no historical evidence, so they can be said to be very weak.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

The pioneers and defenders of these three theories are all historians.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

But in recent times, linguists have been included in this discussion.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Arguments from history, linguistics and toponymy (the science of studying the name of the region), further point to the weakness of all of the above theories, and that the name Al-Andalus turns out to date back to the Roman period. [7]


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

The history of the long history that Muslims go through in Iberia can be divided into six periods, where each period has its own complexion of government and community dynamics.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

From the first time he set foot on Spanish soil until the fall of the last Islamic government there, Islam played a huge role.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Conquest and early times Before the arrival of Muslims, the Iberian area was a kingdom of Hispania controlled by Visigoth Christians.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

In 711, Umayyad forces who were mostly Moors from Northwest Africa, stormed Hispania led by general Thariq bin Ziyad, and under orders from the Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

These troops landed at Gibraltar on 30 April, and continued heading north.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

After defeating King Roderikus of the Visigoths in the Battle of Guadalete (711), Islamic power continued to grow until in 719 only the Gallisians, Basques and Asturias regions were not subject to Islamic rule.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Afterwards, Islamic forces crossed Pirenia to conquer France, but were successfully stopped by the Franks in the battle of Tours (732).


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

This Umayyad Muslim-controlled area was called the province of Al-Andalus, consisting of present-day Spain, Portugal and southern France.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

At first, Al-Andalus was controlled by a wali (governor) appointed by the Caliph in Damascus, with a term usually 3 years.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

In this period the political stability of Spain has not been achieved perfectly, disturbances are still occurring, both coming from inside and from outside.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Outside interference came from the remnants of Islam's enemies living in mountainous areas who were indeed never willing to submit to Islamic rule.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

The movement continued to strengthen itself, and eventually succeeded in establishing the Kingdom of Asturias, successfully defeating the Muslims in the Battle of Covadonga in 721.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Interference from within, among others, in the form of disputes among the ruling elite, mainly due to ethnic and group differences.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

In addition, there is a difference of view between the caliph in Damascus and the North African governorate centered at Al-Qairawan.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Each confessed that they were the most entitled to control the Iberian regions.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Therefore, twenty times the change of guardians (governors) of Spain in a very short period of time.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

That difference in political views led to frequent civil wars.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

This has to do with ethnic differences, especially, between Berber tribes of North African and Arab origin.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Within the Arab ethnicity itself there are two groups that are constantly competing, the Quraysh (North Arabs) and the Yamani Arabs (South Arabs).


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

These ethnic differences often lead to political conflict, especially when there is no formidable figure.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

That is why in Iberia at the time no governor was able to maintain his power for a rather long period of time.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

In the 740s, there was a civil war that led to the weakening of the caliph's power.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

In 746, Yusuf Al-Fihri won the civil war, becoming a ruler not beholden to the rule in Damascus.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Because of frequent internal conflicts and fighting against external enemies, so in this period the Muslims in Al-Andalus have not entered development activities in the field of civilization and culture.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

However, according to Ahmad Thomson, the infighting only occurred among the political elite.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Muslim peoples in Andalusia generally live in tranquility and kindness.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

They live by trying to exemplify inspiration from the Prophet's companions, also applying the Koran and Sunnah as they can.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

For example, in those days, Muslims flocked to study religion to the Shaykhs and Ulemas, as did the people of Andalusia.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

They sent someone named Yahya ibn Yahya Al-Laythi to study to Imam Malik ibn Anas.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

In later life, he became the Imam of Madzhab Maliki. [8]


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

The Amirate and Caliphate of Córdoba In 750, the sons of the Abbasids brought down Umayyad rule in Damascus, and seized power over the regions of Arabia.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

But in 756, the Umayyad prince in exile Abdurrahman I (ad-Dakhil) dethroned Yusuf Al-Fihri, and became ruler of Córdoba with the title Amir of Córdoba.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Abdurrahman refused to submit to the newly formed Abbasid caliphate, as Abbasid forces had killed most of his family.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

He ruled for 30 years, but had weak power in Al-Andalus and he tried to suppress resistance from supporters of Al-Fihri as well as the Abbasid caliph.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Over the next century and a half, his descendants succeeded him as the Amir of Córdoba, who had written dominion over the whole of Al-Andalus even sometimes encompassing western North Africa.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

In reality, the power of the Amir of Córdoba, especially in areas bordering the Jews, often experienced up-and-down depending on the prowess of the Amir in power.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Amir Abdullah ibn Muhammad even had power over Córdoba alone.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

In the mid-9th century, the stability of the state was disrupted with the rise of fanatical Christian movements seeking martyrdom.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

However, other Christian Churches throughout Al-Andalus did not put any sympathy on the movement, as the Islamic government developed religious freedom.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Christian residents are allowed to have their own courts under Christian law.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

The worshiping is not hindered.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

More than that, they were allowed to erect new churches, monasteries, next to the monk's dormitories or others.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

They are also not barred from working as government employees or being employees of military agencies.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

The most serious political interference in this period came from Muslims themselves.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

The rebellious group in Thulaithulah in 852 formed a city-state that lasted for 80 years.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

In addition a number of disaffected people aroused the revolution.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Foremost among these was the rebellion led by 'Umar bin Hafshun and his son centred in the mountains near Malaqah.


Question: Was the cause of the Mayan tamadun collapse?

Al-Andalus

Meanwhile, disputes between the Berbers and the Arabs were still frequent.