Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

At first ARPANET connected only 4 sites, namely Stanford Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, University of Utah, where they formed a single integrated network in 1969, and in general ARPANET was introduced in October 1972.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

Not long afterwards the project grew rapidly across the county, and all universities in the country wanted to join, thus making it difficult for ARPANET to organize it.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

Therefore ARPANET is broken into two, namely “MILNET” for military use and new smaller “ARPANET” for non-military purposes such as, universities.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

The combined two networks eventually became known under the name DARPA Internet, which was later simplified into the Internet.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

Predecessors Before the Internet appeared, there had been several communication systems that were digitally based, one of which was the telegraph system that was often considered a precursor to the Internet.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

The system emerged in the 19th century, or more than a hundred years before the internet came into widespread use in the 1990s. Telegraph technology itself originated from concepts that existed even before the first modern computers were invented, namely the concept of sending data through electromagnetic media such as radios or cables.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

But the technology is still limited because it is only able to connect a maximum of two devices.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

In later eras, scientists such as Claude Shannon, Harry Nyquist, and Ralph Hartley, developed the theory of data and information transmission, which became the basis for many theories in this field.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

Developments occurred among other things in the form of wider range and increased speed.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

But difficulties still occur because the connection between the two means of communication must occur physically, for example through a cable.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

Such a system is certainly not safe because it can be easily disconnected especially during war.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

Computer-Human Symbiosis In 1960, J. C. R. Licklider introduced the term “Man-Computer Symbiosis” (Computer-Human Symbiosis) in his scientific work.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

The term he defines as “networks of computers connected to each other through wide communication bands that serve as libraries, equipped with information storage and search technologies.”


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

Lickdiler along with another scientist named Welden Clark also published another work entitled “On-Line Man-Computer Communication” (Human-Machine Communication In-Network).


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

In the work, he describes how human life changes in the presence of interconnected computer networks.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

Two years later, Licklider secured an offer from Jack Runia to work as director of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO), a new division within DARPA.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

The goal of the team was to create a network connecting the three main computers of the United States Department of Defense in the Cheyenne Mountains, the Pentagon, and SAC HQ.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

He approved it and soon formed a team that he called as “Members and Affiliates of the Intergalactic Computer Network” (“Members and Affiliates of the Intergalactic Computer Network”).


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

Although Licklider finally quit the IPTO in 1964, the vision of a universal network put forward by him led to the creation of ARPANET five years later, in 1969.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

In 1973 Licklider returned to the lead for two years.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

Packet switching The problem that arose in later developments was about how to unify separate physical networks into one logical network.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

In 1960, Paul Baran published a study regarding network systems for the United States military.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

The system is designed to be able to survive in case of nuclear war.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

With this system, the information that passes is shared in a smaller form, which is referred to as a message-block.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

Elsewhere, Donal Davies is also developing almost similar networking technology.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

This technology is based on a system he named packet-switching, with various advantages over previous techniques, including having better network tape utilization and faster response times than traditional circuits.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

The mathematical theory for this technology was later developed by Leonard Kleinrock of MIT.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

Follow-up research was then conducted by Tommy Krash and Paul Baran.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

Funded by the United States military, they sought to utilize previously discovered message-block systems to solve structure vulnerability problems on existing network system technologies.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

This vulnerability occurs due to a centralized routing structure, so when damaged the entire system will be disrupted by it.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

Message-block provides an alternative as it allows network redundancy.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

The list of important events is interrupted by it


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

A list of other important events. The year 1971, Ray Tomlinson successfully perfected the e-mail program he created a year ago for ARPANET.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

This e-mail program was so straightforward that it instantly became popular.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

In the same year, the “@” icon was also introduced as an important emblem denoting “at” or “on”.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

In 1973, the ARPANET computer network began to be developed outside the United States.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

The University College computer in London was the first computer to exist outside America to become a member of the Arpanet network.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

In the same year, two computer experts, Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn presented a bigger idea, which became the forerunner of internet thinking.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

This idea was presented for the first time at the University of Sussex.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

The next historic day was March 26, 1976, when the Queen of England successfully sent out an e-mail from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment in Malvern.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

A year later, more than 100 computers joined ARPANET to form a network or network.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

In 1979, Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis and Steve Bellovin, created the first newsgroups to be named USENET.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

In 1981 France Telecom created a buzz by launching the first television phone, where people could call each other while connecting with video links.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

As the computers that make up the network more and more days, it requires an official protocol that is recognized by all networks.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

In 1982 was formed Transmission Control Protocol or TCP and Internet Protocol or IP that we know all.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

Meanwhile in Europe appeared a counterpoint computer network known as Eunet, which provided computer networking services in the countries of the Netherlands, Britain, Denmark and Sweden.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

The Eunet Network provides e-mail services and USENET newsgroups.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

In order to unify addresses in existing computer networks, then in 1984 was introduced the domain name system, which is now known to us as DNS or Domain Name System.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

Computers connected to existing networks have exceeded 1000 more computers.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

In 1987 the number of computers connected to the network jumped 10 fold by 10,000 more.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

In 1988, Jarko Oikarinen from Finland invented and simultaneously introduced IRC or Internet Relay Chat.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

A year later, the number of reconnected computers jumped 10-fold in a year.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

No less than 100,000 computers now form a network.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

The year 1990 was the most historic year, when Tim Berners Lee invented an editor and browser program that could browse between one computer and another, which made up that network.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

It is this program called www, or World Wide Web.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

In 1992, the interconnected computers form a network already surpassed a million computers, and in the same year appeared the term surfing the internet.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

By 1994, Internet sites had grown to 3000 page addresses, and for the first time virtual-shopping or e-retail appeared on the internet.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

The world instantly changed.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

That same year Yahoo! was founded, which was also simultaneously the birth of Netscape Navigator.


Question: where was Claude Shannon born?

History of the Internet

Outside Links Category:Internet Category:Computer Networks


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Transmigration (from Dutch: transmigratie) is a program created by the Indonesian government to move residents from a densely populated area (city) to another area (village) within the territory of Indonesia.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Inhabitants who transmigrate are called Transmigrants.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

History of transmigration in Indonesia The official goal of the program is to reduce poverty and overcrowding on the island of Java, provide opportunities for people willing to work, and meet the needs of manpower to cultivate resources in other islands such as Papua, Kalimantan, Sumatra, and Sulawesi.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Criticism has it that the Indonesian government seeks to take advantage of transmigrants to displace local populations, and to weaken local separatist movements.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

The program several times caused disputes and scuffles, including clashes between arrivals and local natives.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Along with strategic environmental changes in Indonesia, transmigration is carried out with the following new paradigm: Supporting food security and provision of boards Supporting alternative energy policies (bio-fuels) Supporting the equalization of investment to all regions of Indonesia national resilience of outlying islands and border areas Accounting for the resolution of unemployment and poverty Transmigration is no longer a program of population transfer, but an effort for the development of the territory.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

The method is no longer centralistic and top down from Jakarta, but based on cooperation between regions of transmigrant shippers with transmigration destination areas.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Locals are increasingly given a great opportunity to become transmigrant locals (TPS), the proportion up to 50:50 with transmigrant Residents Origin (TPA).


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

The legal basis used for this program is the Law of the Republic of Indonesia]] Number 15 Year 1997 on Transmigration (formerly Law Number 3 of 1972) and Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 Year 1999 on Implementation of Transmigration (Previously PP Number 42 Year 1973 ), plus several Presidential and Inpres supporters.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Terms to become a Transmigrant: An Indonesian citizen is every citizen who is domiciled in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Surnamed is evidenced by a Marriage Certificate and Family Card.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Have a valid Resident Card (KTP).


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Ages between 18 to 50 years in accordance with the Resident Card (KTP), unless otherwise stipulated in the cooperation agreement between regions.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Never transmigrated as evidenced by Certificate from the Head of Village/Lurah where the registrant is domiciled.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Able-bodied as evidenced by Doctor's Certificate.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Have the skills as needed to develop the potential resources available at the destination site as stipulated in the cooperation agreement between regions.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Signing a statement of ability to carry out obligations as a transmigrant.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Passed the selection as evidenced by the Certificate of Passing from the Team given the authority to carry out the selection.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

History of the Dutch Age The Dutch colonial government pioneered this policy in the early 19th century to reduce the overcrowding of the island of Java and supply labour for plantations on the island of Sumatra.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

The program slowly faded in the last years of the Dutch colonization period (1940s), then re-run after Indonesia became independent to ward off food scarcity and economic dilapidation during Soekarno's reign twenty years after World War II.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

In its peak year, 1929, more than 260,000 Cultuurstelsel contract workers were brought to the east coast of Sumatra, 235,000 of whom came from the island of Java.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

The arrivals work as porters; if a worker asks for his contract to be terminated by the company (desertion), he will be punished with forced labor.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

The death and torture rate among porters at the time was very high.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Post-independence JMPL|250px|ABC coverage in 1995 on the impact of transmigration on the Dani tribe in Papua After Indonesian independence was recognized by the Dutch in 1949 under the Soekarno administration, the transmigration program continued and expanded its coverage until Papua.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

At its peak between 1979 and 1984, 535,000 families (nearly 2.5 million inhabitants) moved residency through transmigration programs.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Its demographic impact was enormous in a number of areas; for example, in 1981, 60% of the 3 million inhabitants of Lampung province were transmigrants.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

In the 1980s, the program was funded by the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank as well as Western countries that praised Soeharto's anti-communist policies. [1]


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

As a result of the 1979 energy crisis and increased transportation costs, budgets and transmigration plans were cut. [2]


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

In August 2000 following the Asian financial crisis and the fall of the Soeharto regime, the Indonesian government began to reduce the scale of the transmigration program due to a small amount of budget.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

The Indonesian government takes care of the transmigration program through the Department of Labor and Transmigration although the scale is smaller than in previous years.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

The department annually relocates 15,000 families or nearly 60,000 people.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

This number slowly increased as the transmigration budget increased (Rp2.3 trillion) and transfer target (20,500 families) in 2006. [3]


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

The goal According to the Indonesian government and development community, the goal of the program is to move millions of Indonesians from the densely populated islands of Java, Bali, and Madura to the outer islands that are populated little to create an even population density.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Transmigration will alleviate poverty by providing land and new opportunities for poor arrivals.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Transmigration will also benefit Indonesia by increasing the utilization of natural resources on less populated islands.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

The program also aims to unite the entire nation by creating a single Indonesian national identity that replaces regional identity.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

The Indonesian government officially states that there is no separation of “indigenous tribes” and incomers in Indonesia, as Indonesia is a country of “indigenous tribes run and led by natives to natives”. [4]


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Economic Impact In various cases, the program has failed to improve migrants' living standards.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

The soil and climate in the destination area are generally not as hazy as the volcanic soils of Java and Bali.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

The arrivals were usually landless people who had no farming skills so their success was threatened. [5]


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Environment Transmigration has also been criticized for speeding up logging of sensitive rainforests as it explodes population numbers in areas where it is little populated.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Migrants usually move to new “transmigration villages” built in areas untouched by human activity.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

By occupying the land, natural resources become depleted and the land is excessively cultivated resulting in deforestation.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Social and political program resulted in a feud between tribes who knew each other through transmigration.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

For example, in 1999, Dayak and Malay tribes feuded with Madura transmigrants in the Sambas riots.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

In 2001, the Dayak and Madura tribes were involved in the Sampit conflict that killed thousands and forced thousands of Madurians to evacuate.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Transmigration is also highly controversial in Papua and West Papua provinces where most of the population are Christian.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

A number of Papuans accuse the Indonesian government of Islamization through transmigration. [6]


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Transmigration numbers from Java and Madura made population numbers in other areas explode, especially in Sumatra, Borneo, and Papua.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Based on the 2010 census, approximately 4.3 million transmigrants and their descendants live in North Sumatra, 200,000 in West Sumatra, 1.4 million in Riau, and nearly 1 million in Jambi, 2.2 million in South Sumatra, 400,000 in Bengkulu, 5.7 million in Lampung, 100,000 in Bangka-Belitung, and nearly 400,000 in the Islands Riau, with a total number of 15.5 million people on the island of Sumatra.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

In Kalimantan, there are approximately 700,000 transmigrants and their descendants in West Kalimantan, 400,000 in Central Kalimantan, 500,000 in South Kalimantan, and more than 1 million in East Kalimantan, with a total of 2.6 million across the island of Borneo.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Although the official figures are kept secret by the government, more than one is also estimated to have settled in Papua and West Papua.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

The number of transmigrants across Indonesia reaches 20 million people.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Transmigrants are not always from Java and/or of Islamic religion.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

In 1994, when East Timor was still part of Indonesia, the largest transmigrant groups were Balinese who were Hindu (1,634 people) and Catholic Javanese (1,212 people). [7]


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Criticism Indigenous peoples view this program as an effort by the Indonesian government centered on the island of Java to expand its economic and political power in other regions, especially by moving people who have close ties to the island of Java and loyal to the Indonesian government .


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Government agencies tasked with taking care of transmigration are often accused of ignoring local customs or ulayat land rights.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

This abandonment of local customs occurred on the island of Borneo which was inhabited by the Dayak tribe.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Environmental damage due to transmigration projects is not caused by stupidity, but rather due to inattention, no continuation of programs, and absence of accountability as long as transmigration is implemented.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Many weaknesses are presented in the project such as the potential for land erosion, the potential for soil fertility, lack of protection from disease outbreaks, negative effects on the wild environment and indigenous tribes, deforestation, and the need to strengthen the capacity of transmigrants to manage sources natural power.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Program audits sometimes show that proposed precautions are precisely unrealistic and poorly supervised by the government. [8]


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Papua In the provinces of Papua and West Papua, the transmigration program resulted in the number of indigenous melanesia (a mix of various cultures and tribes) much less than the number of arrivals on their own land.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Papuan melanesians have inhabited the island of New Guinea for approximately 50,000 years, then its western part was annexed by Indonesia in 1969. [9]


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

In the past 50 years, the number of West Papuans has been exceeded by the number of arrivals, mostly from the island of Java. [10]


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

The program was criticized as trying to wipe out West Papuans through slowly ethnic cleansing. [11]


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

There is open conflict between incomers, governments, and indigenous citizens due to cultural differences—especially in terms of administration and culture such as nudes, food, and gender.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Religion is also a problem because most residents of West Papua are Christian or hold traditional beliefs, while the Indonesian arrivals are mostly Muslim.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Indonesia herds West Papuan children to Islamic boarding schools for a “re-education” process. [12]


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Many West Papuans were displaced to Papua New Guinea.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

As of January 2013, there are 8,000 West Papuan refugees in the country. [13]


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

The population growth rate in Papua is very high thanks to transmigration.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Opponents of transmigration argue that a lot of resources are wasted for the sake of putting people incapable of self-sufficiency resulting in damage that threatens the existence of tribal communities.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Various massive mining contracts in Papua by United States and British-Australian companies were also issued.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Australia has since ignored or silenced the voice of West Papuans demanding independence from Indonesia because it feared that it would upset Southeast Asia's largest military force. [14]


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

In March 2006, Indonesia withdrew its ambassador from Australia because Australia granted refugee visas to 42 West Papuans who came in wooden canoes. [15]


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Diplomatic relations were only normal eight months later after Australia signed the Lombok treaty; [16] the content of the agreement was that the West Papuan independence movement in Australia would not be gubris again. [17]


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Australia continues to silence West Papuan activists after Prime Minister Tony Abbott said that, “Australia will not give a place to launch protests against Indonesia”. [18]


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Australia has also signed a memorandum of understanding with Papua New Guinea that West Papuans displaced to Australia could be relocated to Papua New Guinea. [19]


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Transclusion error Outlink reference: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead., a 2001 report by “Down to Earth”, a United Kingdom-based organization that takes care of environmental issues in Indonesia.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

This report is a critical discussion of the implementation of this program in the Soeharto administration.


Question: when did Deforestation first occur in malaysia?

Transmigration

Category:Indonesian Society Category:Human migration Category:United New Order Category:New Order


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was a period between 1750-1850 in which massive changes occurred in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology and had a profound impact on social, economic, and cultural conditions in the world.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution started from Great Britain and then spread throughout Western Europe, North America, Japan, and spread throughout the world.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution marked the occurrence of a major turning point in world history, almost every aspect of daily life being affected by the Industrial Revolution, in particular in terms of a sustained and unprecedented increase in population growth and median income.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

During the two centuries following the Industrial Revolution, the average per-capita income of the world's countries increased more than sixfold.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

As stated by Nobel Prize winner, Robert Emerson Lucas, that: “For the first time in history, the standard of living of ordinary people is experiencing sustained growth.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

This kind of economic behavior has never happened before”. [1]


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Britain provided the legal and cultural foundation that enabled entrepreneurs to pioneer the onset of the Industrial Revolution. [2]


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Key factors that supported the Industrial Revolution include: (1) The period of peace and stability followed by the unification of England and Scotland, (2) no barriers to trade between England and Scotland, (3) rule of law (respecting the sanctity of contracts), (4) system a simple law that allows the formation of joint shares of companies (corporations), and (4) the existence of a free market (capitalism). [3]


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution began in the late 18th century, during which there was a switch in the use of labour in England which had previously used both animal and human power, which was later replaced by the use of machines based on invoicing.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The initial period began with mechanization of the textile industry, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of coal.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Trade expansion was also developed by the building of canals, improvement of highways and railroads. [4]


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The transition from an agriculture-based economy to a manufacturing-based economy led to a massive population displacement from village to city, and ultimately led to a swell in the population in large cities in England. [5]


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The beginning of the Industrial Revolution is unclear but T. S. Ashton wrote it roughly 1760-1830.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

There was no dividing point with the Industrial Revolution II in about 1850, when technological and economic advances gained momentum with the development of power-steam ships, rails, and later at the end of the century the development of deep combustion engines and the development of electric power plants behind the Industrial Revolution was the revolution of science in the 16th century with the emergence of scientists such as Francis Bacon, René Descartes, Galileo Galilei and the development of research and research with the establishment of research institutions such as The Royal Improving Knowledge, The Royal Society of England, and The French Academy of Science.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

There are also factors from within such as domestic political resilience, the development of self-employed activities, extensive British colonies and rich in natural resources.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The term “Industrial Revolution” itself was introduced by Friedrich Engels and Louis-Auguste Blanqui in the middle of the 19th century.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Some 20th-century historians such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts have argued that the process of gradual economic and social change occurring and long-term revolution is an irony. [6] [7] The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of the countries of the world increased after the Revolution Industry and gave rise to the modern capitalist economic system. [8]


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution marked the beginning of an era of per capita income growth and capitalist economic growth. [9]


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution is considered the most significant event that has ever occurred in the history of humanity since the domestication of animals and plants in the Neolithic period. [10]


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Etymology The beginning of the use of the term “Industrial Revolution” is found in a letter by a French envoy named Louis-Guillaume Otto on July 6, 1799, in which he wrote that France had entered the era of industrialise.. [11]


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

In his 1976 published book entitled: Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society, Raymond Williams stated that word as a designation for the term “industry”.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was a major, rapid, radical change that affected the life of the human complexion is often called a revolution.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The term revolution is usually used in looking at changes in politics or systems of government.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

However, the Industrial Revolution in England in essence was a change in the way the manufacture of goods that were originally worked by hand (human power) were later replaced by machine power.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Thus, items can be produced in large quantities with a relatively short period of time.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The background of the Industrial Revolution for its first time appeared in England.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

As for the factors that cause it are as follows: Stable political situation.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The existence of the Great Revolution of 1688 which required the king to swear allegiance to the Bill of Right so that the king was subject to legislation and only draw taxes based on parliamentary approval.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Britain was rich in mine materials, such as coal, iron seed, tin, and kaolin.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

In addition, wool is also the very support of the textile industry.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

There are new discoveries in the field of technology that can simplify the workings and improve production results, such as spinning tools, weaving machines, steam engines, and so on.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The prosperity of England was due to the employer of shipping and trade so as to provide large capital for the field of business.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

In addition, in the UK is also available enough raw materials because the UK has many colonies that produce such raw materials.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The government provides legal protection against the results of new inventions (patent rights) thus encouraging scientific research activities.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The more so after the establishment of the scientific institution of the Royal Society for Improving Natural Knowledge, the development of technology and industry grew advanced.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The large flow of urbanization resulting from the Agrarian Revolution in the countryside prompted the British government to open up more industries in order to house them.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Developments In the late Middle Ages cities in Europe flourished as centers of crafts and commerce.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The townspeople (the Bourgeoisie) who were free-spirited citizens became the backbone of the city's economy.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

They compete freely for progress in the economy.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The growth of craft into an industry went through several stages, such as the following.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Domestic System This stage can be referred to as home craft stage (home industry).


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The workers worked in each other's homes with tools they had themselves.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

In fact, crafts are obtained from businessmen who after completion of work are deposited to him.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Wages are earned based on the amount of goods worked.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

In such a way of working, employers who own businesses only pay labor on the basis of merit or results.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The employers are not hassled about the workplace and salary.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Manufacturing After the crafts industry has developed a special place to work so that the employer can supervise the way it works and the quality of its production.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

A manufacturing (factory) with dozens of workforces was established and usually located at the back of the employer's house.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Home the middle section for living quarters and the front as a shop to sell its products.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The relationship of the employer with the worker (laborer) is more familiar because the place of work is so one and the number of workers is still few.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Items made sometimes are also still on order basis.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Factory system Stage factory system is already an industry that uses machinery.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Its place is in a predetermined industrial area, it can be inside or outside the city.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The place is for the workplace, while the employer lives elsewhere.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Likewise the store where the marketing of industrial results is held elsewhere.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The number of his working power (bad) has been tens, even hundreds.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

His production items were made to market.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Different types of discoveries. The existence of new technological discoveries, a large role in the process of industrialization because new technologies can simplify and accelerate industrial work, multiply results, and save costs.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Important discoveries, among others as follows.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The flying shuttle (1733) created by John Kay (1733).


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

With this tool the spinning process can run quickly.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Yarn-spinning machine (spinning jenny) the creation of James Hargreves (1767) and Richard Arkwright (1769).


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

With this tool the result is doubled.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Machine weaving (a refinement of the flying coil) creation of Edmund Cartwight (1785).


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

With this tool the result is doubled.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Cottongin, a cottonseed separator from the fibers of Whitney's creation (1794).


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

With this tool, the need for clean cotton in large quantities can be sufficient.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Cap selinder creation of Thomas Bell (1785).


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

With this tool white fabric can be painted pattern 200 times faster if compared with the pattern of the beam stamp with human power.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Steam engine, a creation of James Watt (1769).


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

From these steam engines can be created an astonishing range of large equipment, such as the locomotive of Richard Trevethiek's creation (1804) which was later refined by George Stepenson into a passenger railway.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Steam-engine-driven gunboats were invented byRobert Fulton (1814).


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Steam engines were at the core of the Industrial Revolution so James Watt is often regarded as the Father of Industrial Revolution I'.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The next new discoveries, the more complete and refined.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

This was the result of Industrial Revolutions II and III, such as automobiles, aircraft, chemical industry and so on.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

In addition, the Industrial Revolution was a time of development in science and technology that gave rise to new discoveries, such as the following: Year 1750: Abraham Darby used coal (cokes) to melt iron to obtain a more perfect iron grade.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Year 1800: Alessandro Volta the first inventor of the battery Year 1802: Symington invented the mill ship.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Year 1807: Robert Fulton made a fireboat that had used propellers that could drive ships.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The ship was named Clermont which waded into the Atlantic Ocean first.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The ship departed from Paris and docked in New York.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Subsequently, Robert Fulton succeeded in making the first warship (1814) to have been driven by a steam engine.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Year 1804: Richard Trevethick made a steam train The year 1832: Samuel Morse made the telegraph.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The year 1872: Alexander Graham Bell made a telephone plane.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The year 1887: Daimler makes cars.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The year 1903: Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright made airplanes The impact of the Industrial Revolution turned Britain into an advanced and modern industrial nation.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

In the United Kingdom emerged industrial centres, such as Lancashire, Manchester, Liverpool, and Birmingham.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

As with other revolutions, the Industrial Revolution also brought wider consequences in economic, social and political spheres, both in England itself and in other countries.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Consequences in the economic sphere The abundant goods and cheap prices of the Industrial Revolution have given rise to a massive increase in industrial and factory enterprises through the process of mechanization.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Thus, in a short time it can produce abundant goods.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The production of goods has doubled so as to meet the wider needs of society.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

As a result of making goods becomes fast, easy, and in large quantities so that prices become cheaper.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Small companies roll mats With the use of machines, the cost of production becomes relatively small so that the price of goods is relatively cheaper.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

This brought about as a result of traditional companies being threatened and roll mats because they were unable to compete.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Trade is growing. Thanks to modern, fast and cheap communication equipment, local production turns into international production.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Shipping and international trade are growing rapidly.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Transportation is getting smoother. The presence of discoveries in various transportation facilities and infrastructure are more perfect and smoother.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Thus, the dynamics of people's lives are increasing.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

As a result in the social sphere The development of urbanization The development of industrialization has given rise to new cities and crowded centers.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Since the city with its industrial activities promises a more decent life then many village farmers go to town to get jobs.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

This resulted in the abandonment of agricultural activities.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Low labor wages Due to the increasing flow of urbanization to industrial cities, the number of labor is more abundant.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Meanwhile, many factories use engine power.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Thus, wage labor becomes cheap.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

In addition, social security was reduced so that their lives became difficult.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Even entrepreneurs choose women and children laborers whose wages are cheaper.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The emergence of entrepreneurs and labor groups In industrialization activities is known for the existence of worker groups (workers) and employers groups (employers) who own industries or factories.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Thus, in society there is a new group of entrepreneurs (capitalists) who live full of luxuries and a class of laborers who live in poverty.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

There is a gap between employers and laborers With the emergence of a class of entrepreneurs who live luxuriously in one party, while there is a class of laborers who live suffering in the other party, it creates a gap between employers and laborers.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Such conditions often cause strains followed by labor strikes to demand an improvement in fortunes.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

This caused resentment towards the capitalist economic system, so the laborers leaned towards socialists.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The rise of social revolution In the 1820s there was a riot caused by the poor townspeople supported by the laborers.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

This social movement demands an improvement in the fortunes of the people and laborers.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

As a result, the government passed laws guaranteeing the improvement of the fortunes of the laborers and the poor.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The legislation was, among others as follows: The year 1832 was issued the Reform Bill or the Electoral Renewal Act.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

According to this law, the laborers gained the rights of representation within the parliament.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The year 1833 was issued the Factory Act or the Factories Act.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

According to this law, the laborers get social security.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

In addition, the law also contains a ban on the use of labor of children and women in mining areas underground.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The year 1834 was issued the Poor Law Act or the Poor Fakir Act.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Therefore, established shelter centers and care of poor fakirs so as not to roam.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Stronger the nature of individualism and the depletion of the sense of solidarity.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

With the Industrial Revolution the nature of individuality is stronger because it is affected by an all-money industrial economic system.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

On the contrary, the thinning of the sense of solidarity and kinship.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

As a result in the political sphere The rise of the socialist movement Labour people who were treated unfairly by businessmen began to move to draw up forces to improve their fortunes.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

They then formed an organization commonly called the socialist movement.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The socialist movement was motivated by the thought of Thomas Marus who wrote the book Otopia.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The most popular figure in socialist thought and mover is Karl Marx with his book Das Kapital.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The emergence of political parties In an effort to fight for its fate, the workers continue to rally unity.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Moreover, with the stronger position of the workers in parliament encouraged the formation of a political struggle, namely the Labour Party.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The party is a socialist bow.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

On the businessmen side incorporated themselves into the Liberal Party.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The emergence of modern imperialism Entrepreneurs/capitalists generally have a strong influence in government to carry out imperialism for the continuity of its industrialization.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Thus, modern imperialism was born, which is the expansion of areas as a place for marketing industrial products, seeking raw materials, surplus capital investment, and a place to get cheap labor.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

In this case, it is the British who are the pioneers.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The influence of the Industrial Revolution on social, economic, and political changes in Indonesia The Industrial Revolution that occurred in Europe and the United Kingdom especially brought impact in the social, economic, and political spheres.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

In the social sphere the emergence of a working class who lives suffer and strive to improve fortunes.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

It was this labor movement that later spawned a socialist movement that became an opponent of capitalists.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Even the workers finally united in an organizational vessel, namely the Labour Party.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

In economics, trade is growing.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Local trade turned into regional and international trade.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Instead, in the political sphere, the Industrial Revolution gave birth to modern imperialism.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Changes in the political sphere Since the VOC was dissolved in 1799, Indonesia was handed back to the government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The transfer of governing power from the VOC to the hands of the Dutch government does not mean it in itself brings improvement.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Moral deterioration among the rulers and the suffering of the colonies' population did not change.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Improvement efforts for the population of colonies could not be implemented because the Netherlands itself was dragged into war with large neighboring countries.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

This happened because the Netherlands at that time was ruled by a puppet government of the Kingdom of France under the leadership of Napoleon Bonaparte.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

In such a situation, Britain could expand its area of power by seizing the Dutch colony, namely Indonesia.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Dutch East Indies under Daendels (1808—1811) In an effort to renew government in colonies, in the Netherlands there are two groups who proposed it.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The Conservative group with his figure Nenenberg who wanted to maintain the political and economic system as the VOC did.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The Liberal group with his character Dirk van Hogendorp who wanted the Dutch East Indies government to run a system of direct rule and use the tax system.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The system of forced surrender carried out by the VOC in order was replaced with a system of submission of taxes.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

On the one hand the government skews the thinking of conservatives because its wisdom will bring quick and easy to implement gains.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

On the other hand, the government also wants to run the renewal put forward by the Liberals.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The idea of renewal of colonial rule began since the reign of Daendels.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

As governor-general of the Dutch administration in Indonesia, Daendels did a lot of new measures in government.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Daendels held a radical reshuffle of government, namely laying the foundations of governance according to the Western system.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

These steps, among others: Colonial administration was centralized in Batavia and was in the hands of the governor-general.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The island of Java is divided into nine prefectures.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

This is to make it easier for the administration of government.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The regents were made employees of the Dutch government under the prefect administration.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Conducting eradication of corruption and disability in levies (contingenten) and forced labor.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The Sultanate of Banten and Cirebon was made a Dutch government area called the governoremen's government.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Various ceremonies at the palaces of Surakarta and Yogyakarta were simplified.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Early in his reign, Daendels opposed the forced labor system and overhauled the feudal system.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

However, the task of defending Java Island from British attacks caused Daendels to be forced to hold massive forced labor surrenders (using the influence of indigenous rulers) to build streets and fortresses.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Likewise because empty state coffers led to the accumulation of old ways to replenish the state treasury.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Thus, the lives of the indigenous people still suffer.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

When the British finally stormed Java Island, Daendels had already been summoned back to Europe.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

His successor was unable to resist the British attack and was forced to surrender.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Thus, Indonesia came under British rule.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The reign of Raffles (1811—1816) After Indonesia (particularly Java Island) fell into British hands, by the British government was made part of its colony in India.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The Governor General of the East India Company (EIC), Lord Minto who was based in Calcuta (India) then appointed Thomas Stamford Raffles as lieutenant governor (deputy governor) for Indonesia (Java).


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Raffles was accompanied by a supervisory body called the Advisory Council.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The main task is to organize government and improve trade, as well as finance.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

As a liberal, Raffles wants changes in the government in Indonesia (Java).


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

In addition to the field of government, he also made changes in economics.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

He was about to carry out economic policies that were based on the fundamentals of freedom in accordance with liberal teachings.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The steps taken by Raffles in the areas of government and economics are as follows.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Conducting the replacement of the system of government originally carried out by the indigenous rulers with the western colonial system.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

To facilitate the administrative system of government, Java Island is divided into eighteen karesidenans.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The regents are made government employees so that they get a salary and no longer own land with all the proceeds.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Thus, they were no longer as rulers of the region, but as servants who performed duties at the behest of their superiors.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Removing any form of compulsory surrender and forced labor or rodi.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The people were given the freedom to grow crops deemed advantageous.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Raffles considered that the colonial government was the owner of all the land present in the colonies and the cultivators of the rice fields were the tenants of the government land.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Therefore, the farmers have an obligation to pay land rent to the government.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

This land lease or landrente must be submitted as a tax on the use of government land by the population.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Such a system of land rent by the British government served as a handle in exercising its economic discretion during its power in Indonesia.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The system was later also forwarded by the Dutch East Indies government after Indonesia was handed back to the Dutch.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Changes in the Socioeconomic Field Since the beginning of the 19th century, the Dutch government incurred enormous costs to finance wars both in the Netherlands itself (rebellion of the Belgian people), and in Indonesia (especially the Diponegoro resistance) so that the Netherlands must bear enormous debt.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

To save the Dutch country from the danger of succession, Johanes van den Bosch was appointed governor general in Indonesia with the main task of digging up funds as much as possible to fill the state treasury void, pay debts, and finance the war.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

To carry out that arduous task, van den Bosch concentrated his wisdom on increasing production of export crops.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Therefore, what needs to be done is to deploy the people of colonies to do the planting of crops whose results are sold in the world market and done by forced system.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

After arriving in Indonesia (1830) van den Bosch composed the following program of work.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The system of ground rent with money had to be phased out because the entry was not plentiful and implementation was difficult.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Free-growing systems should be replaced by mandatory cropping with the types of plants already determined by the government.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Taxes on the land were to be paid by the surrender of part of its crops to the Dutch government.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

What van den Bosch did was what later became known by the name of the forced planting system or cultuur stelsel.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The forced cropping system proposed by van den Bosch was essentially a composite of the compulsory cropping system (VOC) and the land tax system (Raffles).


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Implementation of forced planting system deviates a lot from the rules and tends to hold agrarian esploitation as much as possible.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

As a result of forced planting for Indonesia (especially Java) field fields became neglected because of prolonged rodi work required so that income decreased dramatically.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The burden on the people is getting heavier because they have to give up some of their land and harvest, pay taxes, follow the work of rodi, and bear the risk in case of crop failure.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

As a result of an assortment of loads gives rise to prolonged physical and mental stress.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The onset of the danger of poverty is getting heavier.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The onset of dangers of famine and disease outbreaks everywhere so that mortality increases dramatically.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The danger of famine inflicted terrible casualties in the areas of Cirebon (1843), Demak (1849) and Grobogan (1850).


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

This incident resulted in the number of residents dropping dramatically.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Hungry busung disease (hongorudim) also develops everywhere.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

As a result of forced planting for the Netherlands If the forced planting system has wreaked havoc for the Indonesian nation, on the contrary for the Dutch people have the following impact.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Bring advantage and prosperity to the Dutch people.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Dutch debts can be repaid.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Revenue receipts exceeded the spending budget.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The Dutch State Treasury that was originally empty, can be fulfilled.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Successfully built Amsterdam into a world trade hub city.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Trade is growing rapidly.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The forced planting system that resulted in destitution for the Indonesian nation, especially Java, caused reactions from various parties, such as entrepreneurs, Baron Van Hoevel, and Edward Douwes Dekker.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

As a result of the reaction, the Dutch government gradually abolished the forced planting system.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

After 1850, the Liberals gained a political victory in the Netherlands.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

They also want to apply the principles of liberalism in colonies.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

In this case the Liberals argue that the government should not interfere in economic matters, economic duties should be left to private people, and in order for the private people to perform their duties it must be given freedom of effort.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

In accordance with the demands of the Liberals, the colonial government immediately provided opportunities to businesses and private capital to invest their capital in various businesses in Indonesia, especially plantations in Java and outside Java.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

During the period of 1870—1900 Indonesia was open to Western private capital.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

These times are therefore often called Liberal times.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

During this time Western privates opened plantations such as coffee, tea, sugar and quinine which were quite large in Java and East Sumatra.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

During the Liberal period (1870—1900), Western private plantation businesses were rapidly advancing and bringing great profits to entrepreneurs.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Indonesia's natural wealth flows into the Netherlands.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

However, for the indigenous population, especially in Java has brought a deterioration of life, and a deterioration in the level of well-being.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

This is due to several factors, such as the following.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

There was increased population growth in the 19th century, meanwhile the amount of agricultural production declined.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The existence of a system of forced planting and rodi labor that causes a lot of disolation and abuse on the part of employers so as to bring victims to the population.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

In handling the government outside of Java, the Dutch government exerted financial burden from the Javanese area so that indirectly Java had to bear the financial burden.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The existence of a taxation system that is very burdensome to the population.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

There was a plantation crisis in 1885 that resulted in companies holding savings, such as suppressing land rents and working wages in both factories and plantations.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

At the end of the 19th century there were sharp criticisms aimed at the Dutch East Indies government and the practice of liberalism that failed to improve the fate of Indonesian people's lives.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The critics advocated to improve the people of Indonesia.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

This wisdom is based on the advice of Mr. C. Th. van Deventer who wrote down the fruit of his mind in the magazine De Gids (Perinstis/Pioneers) under the title Een Ereshuld (Indebted) so that it is known ethical politics or political revenge.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

The ideas of van Deventer are famous under the name of van Deventer's Trilogy.


Question: When did Industrial evolution first occur?

Industrial Revolution

Reference See also British economic history Industrialization Revolution Capitalism in the 19th century Globalization International Trade Another major revolution in the history of the Industrial Revolution American Revolution Chinese Revolution Russian Revolution Egyptian Revolution Indonesian Revolution Outside links Category:Historic Times Category:Historical United Kingdom Category:History Technology


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

Daniel Ricciardo () is an Australian professional race car driver.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

He currently races in Formula One with the Red Bull Racing team. [1]


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

Ricciardo was the 2009 British Formula 3 champion.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

He also joined Red Bull's coaching management of young drivers.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

He began his F1 career at the 2011 British GP with HRT F1.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

Career prior to Formula One Formula Ford and Formula BMW Ricciardo started karting at the age of nine and from then on he took a lot of gokart races.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

In 2005, he entered the Western Australian Formula Ford region championship driving a Van Diemen.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

He managed to finish eighth in the standings at the end of the season. [2]


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

Still with Van Diemen at some time towards the end of the season, he dropped off at Sandown Raceway in Melbourne to race in the Australian national Formula Ford series but with the condition of his old racing car saw Ricciardo fail to perform to the maximum.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

The following year he moved to Formula BMW Asia with the Eurasia Motorsport team.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

During his debut season, Ricciardo managed to win two races and briefly achieved one pole position in China.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

He finished in the P3 standings with 231 points, 59 points behind the champion Earl Bamber.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

Earlier in August, he was given the chance to race with the Motaworld Racing team to go down one race in British Formula BMW.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

He also took part in the final Formula BMW race with the Fortec Motorsport team and finished in P5 with a margin of 14 seconds from race champion Christian Vietoris.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

Formula Renault Season 2007 Ricciardo switched to Formula Renault with the Rp Motorsport team.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

He briefly participated in the races in the European and Italian championships, but ultimately he preferred to focus in the last series in the European championships and in the standings he finally managed to get in seventh position with 196 points and scored one time podium in Valencia, but he also failed in some race.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

Ricciardo then stayed on in Formula Renault for 2008.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

He secured his maiden European title in the Western European Cup and managed to finish second in the Eurocup Championship behind Finnish rider Valtteri Bottas.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

Formula Three Mid-season 2008, Ricciardo also made his Formula Three racing debut at the Nürburgring, by joining the SG Formula team.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

Despite minimal experience, Ricciardo managed to finish sixth in his maiden race in F3.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

The 2009 season Ricciardo moved to the British Formula Three event with the Carlin Motorsport team.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

He also raced in the World Series by Renault in the same year by joining Tech 1 Racing with driver Charles Pic.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

At his maiden race in Portugal, Ricciardo failed to finish in the first race and a fifteenth finish in the second race.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

In F3 races he managed to lead the standings and then went out as general champion at the end of the season while also making history by becoming the first Australian driver since David Brabham in 1989 to succeed F3 champion.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

Ricciardo went down again with Carlin at the Macao Grand Prix.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

He made a stunning performance by becoming the second fastest rider in the free practice session and managed to achieve a P5 in qualifying.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

But Ricciardo failed to finish on race day.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

Formula Renault 3.5 Season 2010 Ricciardo joined the Formula Renault 3.5 event with the Tech 1 team.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

He tandem with Brendon Hartley.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

At the beginning of the season he was barely able to compete because he was hit by an accident while cycling.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

However he managed to get up and down in the first round in Spanish Aragon with a third-placed result.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

In Monte Carlo Monaco, Daniel managed to grab the pole position and translate it into victory as the race progressed.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

It added two other wins at the Hungaroring and the Hockenheimring.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

Ricciardo came close to becoming a general champion in his debut season through another win at Catalunya in the first race.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

However with only a finish in P4 during the second race, he was eventually lost by Mikhail Aleshin of Russia.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

2009—2011 Formula One: RBR and STR dual driver test Ricciardo made his debut in a Formula One car when he tested a Red Bull Racing car at the Circuito de Jerez in late 2009.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

After seeing his reasonably good performances, RBR team manager Christian Horner suggested that Ricciardo be the team's test and reserve driver for the 2010 season alongside Brendon Hartley.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

In addition to at RBR, the Ricciardo-Hartley duet was also relegated to the same role in the Scuderia Toro Rosso team.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

Late in the 2010 season, Ricciardo returned to take a special test of young drivers at the Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

In this test Ricciardo managed to make a surprise by recording the fastest and even faster time of 1.3 seconds than RBR fixed driver Sebastian Vettel.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

In that test, too, Franz Tost as STR boss announced that Ricciardo would be the team's reserve driver for the 2011 season and this was then a threat to two STR drivers Sebastien Buemi and Jaime Alguersuari.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

At the Australian GP Ricciardo made his debut as a Friday driver, and then continued in Malaysia, Turkey, and Canada. 2011: Hispania Racing Date June 30, 2011 it was announced that Daniel Ricciardo would take Narain Karthikeyan's place starting at the British GP until the end of the season except for Indian GP to be filled Karthikeyan to satisfy the home fans. [3]


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

On his debut at the British GP, Ricciardo was only able to finish 19th.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

At the Indian GP race, Ricciardo turned out to remain relegated by the HRT team and Vitantonio Liuzzi was rested to provide rations for Karthikeyan due to Ricciardo bringing sponsorship money from Red Bull which was quite needed by HRT.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

During the second half of the 2011 season, Ricciardo was impressive by only losing twice to his teammates from 11 races. 2012-2013: Scuderia Toro Rosso On December 14, 2011, the Scuderia Toro Rosso team announced Ricciardo would race for the team in the 2012 season with the driver France, Jean-Eric Vergne. [4]


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

In his first race with the STR team in Australia, Ricciardo immediately picked up the points when finishing in ninth place.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

After failing to reach numbers for 11 races, Ricciardo bounced back and won two points after finishing in ninth place in Belgium.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

Ricciardo then earned three consecutive points finishes in Singapore, Japan and Korea.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

Pretty good achievements during the 2012 season led the STR team to extend Ricciardo's contract for the 2013 season. 2014: Red Bull Racing Date September 2, 2013 through Austrian television station, Servus TV, Red Bull Racing team consultant, Helmut Marko announced Daniel Ricciardo would rise in rank to The RBR team's lead driver accompanied Sebastian Vettel and replaced Mark Webber who announced his retirement a few months earlier.


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

For his permanent car number, Ricciardo chose the number #3 he used while still racing in karting and also in honor of his idol, Dale Earnhardt. [5]


Question: who are Daniel Ricciardo's parents?

Daniel Ricciardo

In his maiden season with Red Bull, Ricciardo won three races in Canada, Hungary and Belgium Statistics Reference Outside Category:Australian F1 Racers Category:Red Bull F1 Racers


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Josiah (Hebrew: יעאשעיירוו, Yoshiyahu; Greek: Ιωσιας, Josiah), meaning 'LORD sustains' was king of the kingdom of Judah and son of King Ammon. [1] [2] Josiah became king at the age of 8, around 639-609 BC. [2]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

He was a theocratic adherent and he did what was right in the eyes of the LORD. [1]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Josiah's reign reformed in religious matters. [1] [2] In the 8th year of his reign, he himself personally renounced a religion that had been deviant and polytheism, which was embraced by both previous governments, Ammon and Manasseh. [2]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

However, this action only affects courtiers. [2]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The death of the last Assyrian king, Ashurbanipal, in 632 BC smoothed Josiah's reform efforts. [2]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

In the 12th year of his reign, this religious reform gained wider support all the way to Jerusalem and other regions. [1] [2] In carrying out this reform, king Josiah not only wiped out the bamot sacrificial hills in the area of Judah and Benjamin, but also reached out to the region of Ephraim and Naphtali in Galilee. [2]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

He destroyed all disbelievers and means of worship. [1] [2] In particular he fulfilled the prophecy regarding the destruction of the sacrificial hill at Bethel, where the first time Jeroboam the son of Nebat introduced new things in religious life (;). [1] [2] Josiah's next policy was the enactment of re Easter celebration (). [2]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Although this reform was very large, it almost entirely did not give the impact of a genuine change in the hearts of the people of Israel. [2]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

His youth until ascending the throne of King Josiah was born when his father, King Ammon, was 16 and his grandfather, King Manasseh, was still reigning in Jerusalem at 61.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

His mother was Yedida binti Adaya, from Bozkat.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

When Josiah was 6 years old, king Manasseh (67 years old) mangkat and Ammon (22 years old) succeeded him as king.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Ammon only reigned for 2 years, having been killed in his palace by his servants who held a disagreement against him. But the people of the land killed all those who agreed against the king of Ammon; and the people of the land raised Josiah, his son, king in his place. [3] Josiah was 8 years old at the time he became king. [4]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The Josiah Reformation of the Bible records that Josiah did what was right in the eyes of the LORD and lived just as David, the father of his ancestors, and did not stray to the right or left. [5]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

In the 8th year of his reign, when he was young, he began to seek the God of David, his ancestral father. [6]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

In the 12th year he began to cleanse Judah and Jerusalem rather than the sacrificial hills, the pillars of idols, sculptured statues and cast statues.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The altars of the Baal were torn down before him; he destroyed the cares that were upon him; he crushed and destroyed the pillars of idols, sculptured statues and cast statues, and scattered them upon the graves of those who offered sacrifices to those idols.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The bones of the priests were burnt on their altars.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Thus he cleansed Judah and Jerusalem.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Also in the cities of Manasseh, Ephraim and Simeon, reached the cities of Naphtali, which everywhere had become ruins, he knocked down all altars and pillars of idols, crushed all sculptural statues and destroyed them, and destroyed all the parentage throughout the land of Israel.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

After that he returned to Jerusalem. [7]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Rediscovery of the Torah in the 18th year of his reign, after completing the land and house of the LORD, he sent Safan the son of Azalya, the son of Mesulam, clerk, and Maaseya, the lord of the city, and Joah the son of Jehoahas, the treasurer of the country, to improve the house of the Lord his God. [8]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Josiah said: Go unto the high priest of Hilkiah; send him all the money brought into the house of the Lord which had been collected from the people by the doormen; let them be given into the hands of the workers who were raised to watch over the house of the Lord, that it might It was given to those who were in the house of the LORD to repair the damage of the house, namely to the carpenters, the builders and the brickmen, as well as for the purchase of wood and stone to repair the house.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

But do not try to hold a calculation with them about the money given to their hands, because they work honestly. “[9]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

So they came to the high priest of Hilkiah, and gave to him the money which had been brought into the house of God and which the Levites had collected, by the doormen, from the people of Manasseh and Ephraim, and from all those who remained from Israel, and from all the people who remained from Israel, and from all the people who remained from Israel. the people of Judah and Benjamin, and of the inhabitants of Jerusalem.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

The money was given them into the hands of the workers who were raised to watch over the house of the LORD; and they, who worked in the house of the LORD, put it out to fix and repair the house.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

They gave it to carpenters and builders, so that they might buy chisel stones and wood for squirrels and to put blocks on buildings, which the kings of Judah left to collapse.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Those guys did the job faithfully.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Those who were appointed as their overseers were: Yahat and Obaja, the Levites of the children of Merari, while Zechariah and Messulam of the children of Kehat headed all.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

And all Levites who are good at playing musical instruments, head the lectures of porters and accompanying all handymen in any job.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Of these Levites there are clerks, administrators or waiters of the gate. [10]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

When they took out the money that had been brought to the house of the Lord, the priest Hilkiah found the book of the Torah of the Lord, which was given by Moses. [11]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

So Hilkia said to Safan, the clerk of the country, “I have found the book of the Torah in the house of the LORD!”


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

So Hilkia gave the book to Safan, and Safan continued to read it.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Then Safan, the clerk, came in before the king, and sent the word to the king, and brought the book to the king. [12]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

He also broke the word to the king: “All things that are assigned to your servants, they have carried out.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

They took all the money contained in the house of the LORD and gave it into the hands of the supervisors and the appointed workers watching the house.”


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Safan, the clerk of the country, told the king, “The priest Hilkia has given me a book,” and Safan recited some of it before the king. [13]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

As soon as the king heard the words of the Torah, he was assured of his clothes.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Then the king gave orders to Hilkia, to Ahikam the son of Safan, to Abdon (or Akhbor) the son of Micah, to Safan, the clerk of the country, and to Asaya, the king's servant, saying, “Go, ask me for the Lord's guidance, for the people and for the people and for All of Judah, about the words of this found book, for the warmth of the Lord's burning wrath against us poured out on us, because our fathers did not listen to the words of this book, did not keep the words of the Lord in the right way as it was written in this book!” [14]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

So Hilkia went with those whom the king had told, Ahikam, Akhbor, Safan and Asaya, to the prophetess of Hulda, the wife of a man who took care of the garments, Salum ibn Tikwa (or Tokhat) the son of Harhas (or Hasra), the waitress of the garments. new.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

They spoke and preached everything to him as they were instructed. [15]


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

She answered them, “This is the word of the LORD, the God of Israel!


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

Say unto the one who commanded you to Me!


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

This is how the LORD says, Verily, I will wreak havoc upon this place and on its inhabitants, all the curses written in the book which has been recited before the king of Judah, for they forsaken me and burned sacrifices to other gods with the intention of causing pain My heart with all the work of their hands; therefore the warmth of My wrath shall be burning against this place, the flame of My wrath shall be poured out upon this place, not extinguished.


Question: how much lamakh Asyurbanipal served as king?

Josiah

But to the king of Judah who told you to ask the guidance of the LORD, you must say so: This is the Lord God of Israel: Regarding the words you have heard, because you have regretted and you humbled yourself before God when you heard the punishment that I say against this place and against its people, that they will forestall and be cursed, and because you humble yourself before Me, shaking your clothes and weeping before Me, I have heard it, so says the LORD, therefore, therefore, Verily I will gather thee unto thy fathers, and thou shalt be grounded into your tomb in peace, and your eyes shall not see all the havoc which I shall wreak upon this place and upon its inhabitants.”