Question: What is the purpose of forming the Prague Pact?

Pact of Prague (1635)

In particular, a number of theologians and emperors' magnifiers, among whom was the influential Jesuit Wilhelm Lamormaini, opposed the Peace of Prague.


Question: What is the purpose of forming the Prague Pact?

Pact of Prague (1635)

In general, clergy associated with pro-Spanish parties at court tended to make concessions whereas those closely associated with the Curia of Rome opposed compromise.


Question: What is the purpose of forming the Prague Pact?

Pact of Prague (1635)

Pope Urban VIII continued to advocate a strict counter-reform policy, not only for religious reasons, but also because he opposed Spain.


Question: What is the purpose of forming the Prague Pact?

Pact of Prague (1635)

Spain's holdings in Italy overshadowed the Pope's own position as territorial ruler and he rightly saw the Peace of Prague as a decisive step towards closer cooperation between the Emperor and Philip IV.


Question: What is the purpose of forming the Prague Pact?

Pact of Prague (1635)

Although Johann Georg of Saschen had attempted to have the Edict of Restitution completely revoked, the Peace of Prague remained somewhat hazy in this regard.


Question: What is the purpose of forming the Prague Pact?

Pact of Prague (1635)

The key date for all confesional disputes now became 12 November 1627, rather than the 1612 that Saschen wanted.


Question: What is the purpose of forming the Prague Pact?

Pact of Prague (1635)

This dates before the issuance of the Edict of Restitution, and the decree should indeed be suspended for the next 40 years.


Question: What is the purpose of forming the Prague Pact?

Pact of Prague (1635)

After these 40 years had passed, the Emperor could theoretically enact the edict again, though not without prior consultation with the princes of the Empire.


Question: What is the purpose of forming the Prague Pact?

Pact of Prague (1635)

Even if a full-scale return to the Conta-Reformation policy in late 1625 was unlikely after four decades of confession, the year 1627 itself was problematic for the Protestants.


Question: What is the purpose of forming the Prague Pact?

Pact of Prague (1635)

In 1627, after the battles of Lutter and Barenberge, northwestern Germany with its numerous dioceses was already occupied by Catholic forces, not to mention the Palatinate and southern Germany, or the Counter-Reformation in the Habsburg hereditary lands which was well underway in 1627. [5]


Question: What is the purpose of forming the Prague Pact?

Pact of Prague (1635)

The aftermath of weariness among the German princes now finally made a treaty possible.


Question: What is the purpose of forming the Prague Pact?

Pact of Prague (1635)

The conflict that flared in Prague in 1618 had been solved, at least in local terms, by a peace agreement agreed in Prague in 1635.


Question: What is the purpose of forming the Prague Pact?

Pact of Prague (1635)

It was the Holy Roman Empire that made major concessions.


Question: What is the purpose of forming the Prague Pact?

Pact of Prague (1635)

Ownership of church land was returned to the prevailing situation in 1555, as laid out in Ferdinand's Edict of Restitution. [3] [6] Footnotes CS1 library list maint: extra punctuation (link) Category:List of Tracts Category:Medieval Wars Category:Thirty Years' War Category:History of Germany


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

A typewriter or typewriter is a machine, or electronic device with a set of knobs that, when pressed, causes letters to be printed on a document, usually paper.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

From the beginning of its invention before 1870 until in the 20th century, typewriters were widely used by professional writers and workers in offices.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Since then, typewriters have become part of the company's business and become a commercial product worldwide.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Although still popular with some professions, such as authors, typewriters its functionality has been sidetracked by the presence of other machines.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

By the end of the 1980s, word processing machines and personal computers had replaced the function of typewriters in several countries in the western world.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

However, typewriters are still used in certain countries of the world today.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

The history of invention Modern typewriters is a development of typewriters that were originally created simply and gradually.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

The discovery of this technology involved inventors working independently, both individually and in groups, which gave rise to competition between inventors for decades.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Like the invention of the automobile, the telephone, and the telegraph, where a number of people contributed to the invention of the typewriter, thus ultimately creating a successful commercial product.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Early invention The invention of the typewriter began in 1714, when Henry Mill obtained a patent for inventing a machine resembling a typewriter.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

In addition, there also appeared the invention of carbon paper by Pellegrino Turri which was one of the forerunners of typewriter components.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

In 1829, William Justin Burt created a machine called the “typowriter”, known as the first typewriter.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

However, this machine worked longer than writing by hand, so Burt could not find a buyer or a company willing to buy the patent.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This led to the machine being unable to be manufactured for commercial.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This typewriter is used by means of rounds, rather than knobs to select characters, so it is called “index typewriter”, not “keyboard typewriter”.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

By the middle of 1800, globally it can be seen an increase in business communication.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This incident created the need for the writing process mechanically, so the writing process became faster.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

In 1829 to 1870, the invention of typewriters sprang up in European and American countries, but no one managed to make typewriters into a commercially generated product.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Later in 1855, Giuseppe Ravizza, an Italian nationalist, created a prototype typewriter.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Ultimately, in 1861, Father Francisco João de Azevedo, a Brazilian priest, created his own artificial typewriter.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This discovery gave rise to claims that he was a true inventor of typewriters.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This claim later caused controversy.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Between 1864 to 1867, Peter Mitterhofer, a carpenter of Austrian nationality, successfully developed several models of typewriters and this prototype was fully functional in 1867.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Hansen Writing Ball In 1865, Rev. Rasmus Malling-Hansen created the “Hansen Writing Ball”, which later became the first typewriter to be sold commercially in 1870.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Based on the explanation in the book “Who is The Inventor of The Writing Ball” in 1865, the keyboard used in this typewriter was made of ceramic.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

In the process of setting the standard of such a keyboard occur several stages of experimentation in the placement of the keys of different letters.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Experiments on the placement of these knobs aim to achieve the highest writing speed.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This led to Hansen's Witing Ball being the first typewriter that could produce text faster than writing by hand manually.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

These experiments on typewriters sampled by Malling-Hansen remained in development from 1870 until about 1880.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

The first commercially successful typewriter was created by C. Latham Sholes, Carlos Glidden and Samuel W. Soule in 1867.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

The invention later obtained a patent and was purchased by E. Remington and Sons, a manufacturing company.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

However, this machine at first still has some shortcomings, among others, the scribe cannot see the typing results directly and there is difficulty in placing the keys used to return to the original position.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This could then be addressed by the advent of “visible typewriters” such as Oliver's typewriters in 1895.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Proportional Imprisonment In 1941, IBM declared the invention of the “Electromatic Model 04”, accentuating on the revolutionary concept of proportional imprisonment (proportional spacing).


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This concept makes typewriters have the same spacing on each different character, can display typesets, and introduces the innovation of tape in typewriters that causes typed letters to become sharper so that typing results become clearer.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Standardization Manual typewriters achieved a design that underwent standardization in 1910.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This standardization, among other things, appears in the shape of the typewriter and the placement of the letters in the keyboard.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

An emerging innovation was the invention of the “shift” key.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This button makes one button be able to type two different characters.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

The “shift” key can make the letters into capital letters.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

In addition, this key can also be used to type certain symbols, one of which is “percent” (%).


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

There is also a “Barlet” model, which has a double “shift” key so that one key has three different functions.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This innovation brings a positive impact to both producers and consumers.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Among other things in terms of reduction of production costs as well as simplification in its operation.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

That led to a high rate of adoption of this technology.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

The disadvantage of the invention of the “shift” key lies in its mechanism, namely in its operation it requires greater power.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This creates difficulties when using those keys to type certain characters.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Then came the invention of the “shift lock” key which was the forerunner of the “caps lock” key.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Other typewriter innovations appeared at the beginning of the 20th century.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

At the time, the typewriter was marketed under the name” Noiseless” developed by Wellington Parker Kidder and marketed in 1917.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

In 1929, this typewriter went into production.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

The invention failed because it was considered unsuccessful in attracting the attention and enthusiasm of consumers.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

With this incident, some researchers concluded that the sound “clack-clack” generated typewriter is the preference of consumers.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

It also states that claims of 'silent' typewriter operation are incorrect.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Electric Model The first electric typewriter was produced by the Blickensderfer Manufacturing Company in 1902.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Typewriters of this type were not at first commercially successful due to the lack of electricity standardization and the differences that existed in each city.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

In 1909, Charles and Howard Krum secured a patent on his invention.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

In 1914 was created a typewriter that could be operated with a certain power.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This model of electric typewriters got rid of the direct mechanical connection between the knobs and the relevant elements on paper. = IBM and Remington Rand were the leading models of typewriters, until at some point IBM introduced the “IBM Selectric” typewriter in 1961, which replaces the typebar with the typeball.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Such a design has many advantages, including ease and smoothness in the operation of the typewriter as well as the higher quality of typewriters.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

The next innovation is “Correcting Selectrics”, a feature that serves to correct errors in typos.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

The way this system works is that the tape that is in front of the carbon tape of the film can remove the black powder on the characters typed on the paper.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

There are two types of typewriters that have the concept of proportional imprisonment, namely “IBM Electronic Typewriter 50” and “Selective Composer”, which comes with a justification feature on the right margin.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Keyboard The “qwerty” layout on the keyboard has become standardized and remains in use today.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

In 1874, Sholes and Glidden created a typewriter with a “qwerty” keyboard layout.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This layout has become standard in English-speaking computer typewriters and keyboards.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

The type” qwerty” is adapted in some other countries, such as” qzerty” in Italy,” azerty” in France, and” qwertz” in Germany.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This layout was considered less efficient because it slowed down scribes in typing.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

However, such a layout can reduce the frequency of the typebar that increases and jams on the machine.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Later came a number of proposals regarding a radical layout, such as “Dvorak”, but none capable of replacing” qwerty”.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Typewriter” Blickebsderfer” with layout” Dhiatensor” has the possibility of being the first attempt to optimize the layout of the typewriter for efficiency gains.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Typewriter Type A. Based on the size of the portable typewriter - The size of the typewriter is small and light so it can be carried anywhere.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This type of machine is equipped with one piece of lid that resembles a small bag.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Semi-standard typewriter - The size of the typewriter is medium and has more complete components than the portable typewriter type.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Standard typewriter - Typewriter size is large and heavy making it difficult to move.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This type of machine has more perfect equipment than both types of other typewriters.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

B.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Based on font size Pica typewriter (Pica type) - This typewriter is usually used to write scientific works.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Pica letters are large typefaces, every inch of type occupying ten hits.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Elite typewriter (Elite type) - This typewriter is used to type elite letters, which are smaller in size than Pica letters.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Every one inch of type loads twelve bangs.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

C.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Based on driving power Manual typewriter (manual typewriter) - This type of typewriter is often called a hand typewriter, because it is driven by the human hand which includes squeezing buttons, shifting the wheels, and so on.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Electric typewriter - This typewriter is driven by electric power.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

In its operation, humans act as controllers.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Special standardization correction methods in typing appeared since the existence of secretarial schools in the middle of 1900.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

A business letter should be error-free and no form of correction is in sight.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Accuracy is as important as speed, one of the things that are assessed in ability tests and typing competitions.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Therefore, correction is important, and there are several methods that can be used.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Traditional methods of correction, among others, are by the use of special typewriters that can remove typing errors.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

There is a correction method using eraser shield, a tool used to remove a set of carbon copies.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Another method of correction is with the invention of a special paper for typewriters, erasable bond.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This paper has a thin material, so typing errors are easily removed.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Nevertheless, this method is also considered less effective, due to the possibility of removal of other characters due to friction that occurs.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This makes other characters dirty so they can't be used in business terms or to be archived.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

In 1950 and around 1960, there was a new discovery of correction fluid, with brands such as “Liquid Paper”, “Wite-Out”, and “Tipp-Ex”.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This liquid is white and dries quickly so that corrected typing errors can be re-typed.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

The drawback of this method is that when the typing result is directed to the light, then the corrected character becomes visible.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

One solution in response to this yatu do photocopy of the corrected paper.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

However this can only be done with high-quality copiers.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Along with the demand, the quality of copiers is getting better.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Around 1970, there was also a quick-drying correction product, “Ko-Rec-Type” which has a function like white carbon paper.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

The culmination of this technology is the IBM Electronic IL 6193 series typewriter.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This machine uses correction tape and different character memory.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

With one key, the typist can remove the wrong typing character.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

In reality, more than one method of correction is often used.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Specific terms Here are some words that still apply from the typewriter era to the personal computer era: Backspace — a key that moves the cursor backwards one position.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

These keys can serve to combine certain characters such as dots, exclamation points, and missing characters, or to correct characters already typed.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Carbon copy (CC) — the term for making a copy of an electronic message (in fact it doesn't require carbon paper literally).


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Carriage Return (CR) — indicates the end of the line and return to the first column of the text.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Cursor — a marker that indicates the location of a character to be typed.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Cut and Paste — a term for 'retrieving' text, tables, or images and then copying them in other places or documents.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Line Feed (LF) or newline — moves the cursor on the next screen on the text in the document that processes the words.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Shift — a key that modifies certain characters, for example, making regular printed letters into capital.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Tty — short for teletypewriter, commonly used for Unix-like operating systems to indicate a stop.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Impact on culture The development of typewriter technology has a significant impact on culture.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

As Remington began marketing the first typewriters, the company assumed that typewriters were not used to create things, but to copy dictation.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Typewriter is an ambiguous word, because it has the meaning of a typewriter and a woman as a typist.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Because at the time, the person who typed was identical to a woman.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This is followed by the presence of typewriters that have floral motifs, which originally aimed to create comfort for women when using them.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Women who were originally identical to live in the house, now changed the bow to the office, resulting in concerns about this effect on the morals of society.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

A female typist became part of the office symbol at the beginning of the 20th century.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Developments Today, there are various alternatives available to process or process the word.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

People are no longer limited to using typewriters, but also personal computers, laptops, and so on.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

However, typewriters are not necessarily left by people to process words.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

In June 2010, a new innovation in typewriters was discovered, namely” The USB Typewriter”.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

This typewriter meets people's needs as a word processing machine and creates an old-fashioned atmosphere.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

These modern typewriters can be used as keyboards connected via USB ports on computers and the like.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

See also computer keyboard Fax machine Reference David, P.A. 1986.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Understanding the Economics of QWERTY: The Necessity of History.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

In: Parker, William N.: Economic History and the Modern Economist.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Basil Blackwell, New York and Oxford.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

Thompson, Holland.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

The Age of Invention: A Chronicle of Mechanical Conquest. 2009.


Question: What is the replacement for typewriter technology?

Typewriter

BiblioBazaar, LCC.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Gastric (English: stomach; Dutch: ulcer) or ventriculus in the form of a pouch located under the bulkhead of the body cavity.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

The general function of the stomach is the place where food is digested and a small amount of food juice is absorbed.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Structure In adult humans, the volume of the stomach in a relaxed state, almost empty, is about 75 milliliters. [4]


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

It is an organ that can expand (distensible), can accommodate up to about one liter of food. [5]


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

The stomach of a newborn human baby can hold only about 30 milliliters.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Hull area can be divided into three regions, namely Kardia area.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Fundus.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Pyloric.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

The cardia is the upper, entrance area of food from the esophagus itself.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

The fundus is the central part, the shape is rounded.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

The pylorus is the lower, area associated with the 12-finger intestine or often called the duodenum.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

The walls of the hull walls are arranged into four layers, namely: Mucosa.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Submucosa.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Muscularis.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Serous.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Mucosa is the layer through which cells secrete various types of fluids, such as enzymes, stomach acid, and hormones.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

This layer is shaped like a trough to magnify the comparison between area and volume thereby multiplying the volume of gastric sap that can be removed.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Submucosa is the layer in which arterial and venous blood vessels can be found to channel nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the stomach as well as to carry the absorbed nutrients, urea, and carbon dioxide from these cells.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Muscularis is a muscular layer that aids the stomach in mechanical digestion.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

This layer is divided into 3 muscle layers, namely circular, elongated, and snaking muscles.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Contraction and all three kinds of muscle layers result in 4. peristalsis (waving motion).


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Peristalsis causes food in the stomach to be stirred.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

The outermost layer that is serous serves as a protective layer of the stomach.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

The cells in this layer secrete a type of fluid to reduce the frictional force that occurs between the stomach and the rest of the body.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

In humans there are three types of cells in the layers of the mucosa or gastric glands (gastric glands): Cardia glands (in human cardia) Pyloric gland (in human pylorus) Fundus gland (in human fundus) 1.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Goblet cells function to produce mucus or mucus to keep the outermost layer of cells from being damaged due to pepsin enzymes and stomach acid.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Parietal cells function to produce gastric acid [Hydrochloric acid] which is useful in the activation of the enzyme pepsin.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

It is thought that parietal cells produce 1.5mol dm−3 of gastric acid which makes the acidity level in the stomach reach pH 2.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

The chief cell serves to produce pepsinogen, that is, the enzyme pepsin in inactive form.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

The chief cell produces in an inactive form to keep the enzyme from digesting the protein possessed by that cell which can cause death in that cell.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Enzymes In the inner part of the gastric wall there are glands that produce gastric juice.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Aroma, shape, color, and taste for food will reflexively give rise to gastric juice secretion.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Gastric sap contains stomach acid (HCI), pepsin, mucin, and renin.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Gastric acid acts as a killer of microorganisms and activates the enzyme pepsinogen to pepsin.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Pepsin is an enzyme that can convert proteins into smaller molecules.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Musin is a protein mucosa that dilutes food.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Renin is a special enzyme that is only present in mammals, acting as caseinogen to casein.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Casein is coagulated by Ca2+ from milk so it can be digested by pepsin.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

In the absence of liquid tangible milk renim will simply pass in the lambuing and intestines without having time to digest.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

HCl (Hydrochloric Acid) is an acid that serves as an enzyme, which is useful for killing germs and bacteria in food.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

The work of enzymes and lubrication by the gastric muscles turns food into a soft porridge, called chyme (kim) or food porridge.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

The gastric muscles of the pyloric section regulate the piecemeal expenditure of kim in the duodenum.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

The trick is that the pyloric muscles leading to the stomach will relax (loosen) if jerked kim which is acidic.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Conversely, the pyloric muscle leading to the duodenum will contract (shrivel) if touched by kim.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

So, for example, an acidic kim arrives in the front pylorus, then the pylorus will open, so that the food passes.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Because acidic food hits the pylorus behind, the pylorus closes.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

The food is digested so that its acidity decreases.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Foods that are alkaline behind the pylorus will stimulate the pylorus to open.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

As a result, acidic food from the stomach enters the duodenum.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Likewise so on.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

So, food passes through the pyloric to the duodenum lump after lump so that the food can be digested effectively.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

After 2 to 5 hours, the empty hull returns.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

In the stomach there are oxyntic glands (English: oxyntic gland) that produce GHS hormone.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Other hormones secreted include GHIH.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Absorption Function Although absorption in the human digestive system is primarily a function of the small intestine, a certain amount of absorption of small molecules occurs in the stomach through its upholstery. [6]


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

The parietal cells of the human stomach are responsible for producing intrinsic factors, which are needed for the absorption of vitamin B12.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

B12 is used in cellular metabolism and is needed for the production of red blood cells, as well as the functioning of the nervous system.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Control of secretion and motility The movement and flow of chemicals into the stomach are controlled both by the autonomic nervous system and by various hormones in the digestive system: The clinical significance of Gastric Disease should produce a new mucous layer every two weeks.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Otherwise, there will be damage to the epithelium.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Animal yellowesophagus greenepithelium gland purpleCardia redGastric gland BluePyloric gland Dark BlueDuodenum pyloric gland Although the shape and size of the stomach differ among vertebrate animals, the relative position of the doors of the esophagus and duodenum remains relatively constant.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

As a result, this organ is always somewhat curved to the left before curving back to meet the pyloric sphincter.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

However, lamprey, hagfish, chimaera, lungfish, and a number of teleost fish have no stomach at all, with the esophagus directly opening into the anus.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

All of these animals consume food that requires very little storage, or without being first digested with gastric juices, or both. [10]


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Additional images Greater omentum and human stomach Human stomach More realistic images, showing celiac artery and its branches in humans; liver organs have been removed; lesser omentum and anterior layer greater omentum taken.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Human gastric autopsy. 2012 Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Human stomach Gastrointestinal walls of the human stomach.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

Endoscopic image of polyposis of the human fundus gland.


Question: What is the main task of the stomach in the body mnausia?

Hull

See also Proton pump inhibitors Reference Outside links Category:Digestive system


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor of Aquitaine (French: Aliénor/Éléonore; 1122 or 1124— 1 April 1204) was one of the richest and powerful women of the Middle Ages, she was a member of the Wangsa family of Poitiers which ruled in southwestern France.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

She became a female duke of Aquitaine in her own right when she was a child, then Empress of France (1137—1152) and England (1154—1189).


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He was a patron of literary figures such as Wace, Benoît de Sainte-Maure, and Bernart de Ventadorn.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor's succession over the regency of Aquitaine in 1137 established him as an ideal companion in Europe.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Three months after she became duke, she was married to King Louis VII of France, son of King Louis VI.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

As Queen of France, she took part in the Second Crusade.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Shortly thereafter, Aliénor attempted to annul his marriage, [1] but his petition was rejected by Pope Eugenius III. [2]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

However after the birth of his second daughter Alix, Louis agreed to the annulment given his failure to conceive after fifteen years of marriage. [3]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The marriage was annulled on 11 March 1152 on grounds of kinship among the fourth degree.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Their daughters were passed over and guardianship was granted to Louis and the territories of Aliénor were returned to him.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Soon after the annulment was granted, Aliénor was betrothed to Henry, Duke of Normandy, who became king Henry II of England in 1154.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Henry is a third cousin (third-degree cousin), and nine years younger.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The couple married on 18 May 1152 (Whit Sunday), eight weeks after the annulment of Aliénor's first marriage, inside a cathedral in Poitiers, France.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The following thirteen years, he gave Henry eight children: five sons, three of whom became kings; and three daughters.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

However Henry and Aliénor eventually became enemies.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Henry imprisoned him in 1173 for supporting his son Henry's rebellion, and he was not released until by 1189 when Henry died (on 6 July), and their son ascended the English throne as Richard I. Now Queen Mother Aliénor acted as guardian when Richard went to the Third Crusade where he was captured and taken captive.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor lived well with the reign of his youngest son John.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

When he died, he outlived all his children except King John and Queen Leonor of Castile.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Early Life The year of Aliénor's birth is not known with certainty: genealogies in the late 13th century of her family register her as a girl who was 13 years old in the spring of 1137 which is the best evidence that Aliénor was probably born around 1124. [4]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

On the other hand, some histories mention the oath of allegiance of several kings of Aquitaine at Aliénor's fourteenth birthday feast of 1136.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

This and the known age of 82 years at the time he died, allow the year 1122 to be the year of his birth. [5]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

His parents were certainly married in 1121.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

His birthplace is supposedly Poitiers, Bordeaux, or Nieul-sur-l'Autise, where his mother and brother died when Aliénor was 6 or 8 years old. [6]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor was the eldest daughter of the three children of Guillaume X of Aquitaine whose court was famous at the beginning of the 12th century in Europe, and his wife, Aenor de Châtellerault, daughter of Aimery I of Châtellerault, and Dangerose de l' Isle Bouchard, who was mistress of Guillaume IxAnd also Aliénor's grandmother of his mother's party.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Her parents' marriage had been arranged by Dangerose with grandfather Guillaume IX on her father's side.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor is purportedly named like his mother Aenor and called Aliénor which is derived from Latin alia Aenor, meaning another Aenor.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Her name became Eléanor in the langues d'oïl of Northern French and Eleanor in English. [3]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

There was an earlier Eleanor: Éléonore of Normandy, aunt of William the Conqueror, who lived a century earlier than Aliénor of Aquitaine.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

In Paris as Queen of France she was called Helienordis, her honorary name in Latin epistles.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

With all notes, Aliénor's father ensured that he got the best education possible. [7]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Although his native language was Poetevin, he was educated to read and speak Latin, well versed in both music and literature, horse riding and hunting. [8]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor is extroverted, vibrant, intelligent and strong-willed.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

In the spring of 1130, his four-year-old younger brother William Aigret and their mother died at Talmont castle, on the atlantic coast of Aquitaine.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor became heirs to his father's territories.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The counties of Aquitaine constitute the largest and richest provinces in France; Poitou (where Aliénor spent his childhood) and Aquitaine are almost one-third the size of modern France.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor had only another legitimate brother, a younger sister named Aelith, who was also called Pétronille.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

His half-brother Joscelin was recognized by Guillaume X as his son, but not as his heir.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

That he had another half-brother, Guillaume, has been discredited. [9]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Then during the first four years of Henry II's reign, his brothers entered the royal court of Aliénor.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Inheritance In 1137, Duke Guillaume X left Poitiers to Bordeaux and took his daughter with him.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Upon reaching Bordeaux, he left them the Archdiocese of Bordeaux, one of his few faithful vasals.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The duke then made a pilgrimage of James accompanied by other pilgrims.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He died on Good Friday of that year (9 April).


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor at the age of twelve to fifteen, later became the Female Duke of Aquitaine, and made him an ideal mate in Europe.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Because at that time obtaining an heir was seen as a viable option for the title, Guillaume dictated his will at the time he died which contained Aliénor's appointment as heir to his territories and appointed King Louis VI of France as his guardian. [ 10]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Guillaume asked the king to take care of both his territories and that of the lady dukes, and also to find a future husband who was appropriate for him. [7]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

But as soon as her future husband found, the king had legitimate rights to the territories of Aliénor.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The duke also warned his companions to keep his death a secret until Louis was informed— the men who passed from James crossed Pirenia as quickly as possible reached Bordeaux to notify the archbishop, then as soon as possible to Paris to tell the king.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The King of France known as Louis the Fat, who at the time was ill with severe Dysentery which was unlikely to recover.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Despite the death of picking him up, Louis remains clear-minded.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

His heir, Prince Louis, was originally destined to live in monastics but became Dauphin when his elder, Philippe, died in a driving accident. [11]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The death of Guillaume, one of the king's most powerful vassals, made the dukes territory the most desirable territory in France.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

First Marriage On 25 July 1137 Louis and Aliénor were married in the Cathedral of Saint-André in Bordeaux by the Archbishop of Bordeaux. [7]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Soon after the marriage, the couple were crowned as Duke and Female Duke of Aquitaine. [7] [7] There was however a response: the territory would remain independent from France until Aliénor's eldest son became King Franka and Duke of Aquitaine.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

As such, the ownership was not incorporated with France until the next generation.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

As a wedding gift he gave Louis a vase of crystal stone which is now on display in the Louvre. [7] [11] [12] Louis gave the vase to Saint Denis Basilica.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The vase is the only object related to Aliénor extant. [13]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Louis' period as Comte Poitou and Duke of Aquitaine and Gascony lasted only for a few days.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Although he had been invested as such on 8 August 1137, a messenger gave him news that Louis VI had died on 1 August when Prince Louis and Aliénor toured the provinces.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Later he became King Louis VII.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He and Aliénor were anointed and crowned King and Queen Franka on the feast of Christmas in the same year. [7] [14] Having high spirits, Aliénor was unpopular with the northern peoples; according to some sources, Louis Adélaide's mother of Maurienne he was senseless and ill-influential.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He was not helped by the memories of Constance of Arles, the Provençal wife of Robert II, supposedly dressed and speaking immodestly still spoken of. [15]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor's behavior was repeatedly criticized by church elders, especially Bernard of Clairvaux and Abbot Suger.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The king is crazy (crazy with his beautiful partner, and obeys all his wishes, despite his unpleasant behavior.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Having a lot of money at austere Cité Palace, Paris is more comfortable for Aliénor's sake. [11]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Conflict Although Louis was a pious man, he soon came into severe conflict with Pope Innosensius II.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

In 1141, the Archdiocese of Bourges became vacant, and the king put forward a nominee from one of his chancellors, Cadurc, when vetoed a suitable nominee, Pierre de la Chatre, who was immediately elected by the canons of Bourges and Consecrated by the pope.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Louis slammed the gates of Bourges behind the new bishop.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The Pope recalled the same attempt by Guillaume X to alienate Innocensius' supporters from Poitou and replace them with pastors-pastors loyal only to him, by blaming Aliénor, and saying that Louis was the only child to be educated in good manners.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Angry, Louis swears in front of the reliquary that as long as he lives Pierre must not set his foot in Bourges.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

A ban was then imposed on the territory of the kingdom and Pierre displaced to Thibaut II of Champagne.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Louis became embroiled in the war with Comte Thibaut by allowing Raoul I of Vermandois and the French seneschal, to dispose of his wife Eléonore of Blois, Thibaut's sister, and marry Pétronille of Aquitaine, sister of Aliénor.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor urged Louis to support his sister's marriage to Comte Raoul.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Thibaut had also insulted Louis by siding with the pope in his partikaans over Bourges.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The warfare lasted for two years (1142—44) and ended with the colonization of Champagne by royal forces.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Louis personally was involved in the attack and set fire to the town of Vitry.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

More than a thousand people displaced inside the church were killed in flames.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Wanting to end the war, Louis attempted to reconcile with Thibaut in exchange of his support for lifting the ban on Raoul and Pétronille.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The ban was duly lifted long enough allowing Thibaut's territory to be returned; it was enacted once again when Raoul refused to dispose of Pétronille, which prompted Louis to return to Champagne and plunder the region once more.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

In June 1144, the king and queen visited the recently built monastic church in Saint-Denis.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

While there, the queen met with Bernard of Clairvaux, demanding that he lift the excommunication of Pétronille and Raoul through his influence on the Pope, an exchange in which King Louis would make concessions in Champagne and recognize Pierre de la Chatre as Archbishop of Bourges.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Disappointed at his attitude, Bernard scolded Aliénor who had no regrets and too interfered in state affairs.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

In his response, Aliénor admits his guilt and admits that he grieves at being unable to produce offspring.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

In her response, Bernard became softer with her and said: “My son, seek peace.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Avoid the King against the Church, and help him act more wisely.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

If you promise to do this, I in return promise to invoke God's mercy to give you offspring.”


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Within a few weeks, peace had returned in France: The provinces of Thibaut were returned and Pierre de la Chatre was appointed Archbishop of Bourges.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

In April 1145, Aliénor gave birth to a daughter, Marie.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Louis who is still dogged by remorse for the massive murder in Vitry and intends to go on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land to atone for his sins.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Fortunately for him, in the autumn of 1145, Pope Eugenius III requested that Louis lead a Crusade to the Middle East to save the Crusader States there from disaster.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Therefore, Louis announced on Christmas day of 1145 in Bourges his intention to go to crusade.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The Crusade of Aliénor officially took symbolic cross from the Second Crusade on the disposition of Bernard of Clairvaux.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

In addition, he had corresponded with his marshal Raymond, Prince of the crusading royal of Antioch, who was seeking much help against the “Saracens” of the French crown.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor recruited several of his paddle-women for the campaign, as well as 300 Aquitaine vasals coming from commoners.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He insisted on taking part in the Crusades as feudal leader of his army from his duchy.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The story that he and his paddlers were dressed as the Amazonian Tribe is still disputed by historians, sometimes doubted with the account of King Konrad's phrasing during his campaign (in Edward Gibbon's The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire).


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The launch of her testimonial on the Second Crusade from Vézelay, the location of which she is the site of Mary Magdalene's tomb, dramatically emphasizes the role of a woman in the campaign.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The Crusade itself achieved only a modicum of success.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Louis was a weak and ineffective military leader with no skill of maintaining troop discipline or morale, or making informed and logical tactical decisions.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

In Eastern Europe, French forces were stymied by Manouel I Komnenos, Eastern Roman Emperor, who feared that the Crusades would endanger the safety of his empire.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Nonetheless, during their three-week stay in Constantinople, Louis was greeted with delight and Aliénor was greatly admired.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He was compared to Penthesilea, the mythical queen of the Amazonian Tribe, by the Greek historian Niketas Akominatos.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He added that he got the nickname chrysopous (golden foot) from the gold cloth that adorned the circumference of his robe.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Louis and Aliénor lived in the Philopation palace outside the city walls.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

By the time the crusading army entered Anatolia, the situation had begun to deteriorate.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The king and queen were still optimistic— the Eastern Roman Emperor informed them that the German King Konrad had brought a great victory against the Turkish army (when in fact the German army had been massacred), and the entourage was still eating well.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

But while encamped near Nicea, the remnants of the German army which included King Konrad fell ill when they passed through the French stronghold bearing news of their disaster.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

French troops with what remained of the Germans then began marching increasingly regularly towards Antioch.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

They were in high spirits on the feast of Christmas, when they chose to camp in a fertile Dercervian valley near Ephesus.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Here they came under a sudden attack by a Turkish detachment; the French decided to slaughter this detachment and adjust their encampment.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Louis then decided to traverse the Phrygian mountains directly in the hope of reaching Aliénor Raymond's uncle at Antioch ebih quickly.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

But when they ascend the mountain, the troops along with the king and queen find the bodies of German soldiers massacred earlier.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

On the day set at the crossing of Mount Cadmos, Louis chose to take over the rear of the column, where armed pilgrims and baggage trains lined up.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

At the vanguard, where Queen Aliénor marched, led by Aquitaine vasal Geoffrey de Rancon.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Unencumbered by baggage, they reached the summit of Cadmos, where Rancon had been ordered to make camp.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

However Rancon chose to continue and decided with Amedeo III of Savoia (Louis' pamanda) that the nearby highlands would make a better encampment: disobedience which was generally the case.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Thus, in the afternoon, at the rear of the column— believed the march on that day was soon over but so outstretched.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

This resulted in the troops becoming separated, with some having crossed the summit and others still approaching.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

At this point, the Turks who had followed and carried out deceitful moves for several days, took their chances and attacked the troops who had not crossed the summit.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

French troops (both troops and pilgrims), trapped and tried to escape however many of them were captured and killed.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Many people, horses and baggage were thrown into the canyon.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The chronicler William of Tyre lamented this disaster that occurred from the amount of baggage (most of which is said to have belonged to Aliénor and his paddlers) and the presence of pilgrims. [16]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The occurrence of the disaster was charged at Geoffrey de Rancon, who made the decision to proceed and the suggestion to ngekalliance him (a suggestion described by the king).


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

As he was the vasal Aliénor, many believed that he was responsible for the change in the plan, and the occurrence of the massacre.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

This had no effect on his popularity in the Christian world— he was also blamed for the size of the baggage train and the fact that his Aquitaine troops had marched on the front, thus not engaging in the struggle.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Subsequently, the troops became separated with commoners marching towards Antioch and the royal men by sea.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

When most of the troops arrived, the king and queen had a major dispute.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Some such as John of Salisbury of William of Tyre, said that Aliénor's reputation had been sullied by rumours of an affair with his incumbent Raymond.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

However this allegedly was a ruse, as Raymond through Aliénor tried to influence Louis by forcefully using his army to attack Muslim encampments near Aleppo, in order to retake Edessa, by papal decree with the aim of the Crusades.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

While this may have been a good decision, Louis had no interest in fighting in northern Syria.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

One of Louis's avowed Crusade goals was to make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and he declared his intention to continue.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor was supposedly asked to stay with Raymond and discuss the matter of kinship— the fact that she and her husband King Louis had too close kinship.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

This became the reason for divorce inside the medieval period.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Rather than let him stay, Louis took Aliénor of Antioch by force and proceeded to Jerusalem with his diminished army. [17]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The episode embarrassed Aliénor and he maintained his low profile for the rest of the crusade.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Louis' following attack on Damascus in 1148 with his remaining army, reinforced by King Konrad and Baudouin III of Jerusalem who achieved little success.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Damascus is a major trading hub of abundant wealth and under normal circumstances a potential threat, but Jerusalem's rulers recently signed a truce with the city they then occupied.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Like unrepaid gambling, the Damascus campaign was a failure.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The French royal family retreated to Jerusalem and then sailed to Rome and made their way back to Paris.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

While in the eastern Mediterranean, Aliénor studied the growing maritime conversion there, which was the beginning of what would become marine law.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He introduced those conversions to his own territory on the island of Oleron in 1160 (with the “Rolls of Oléron”) and then later in England.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He was also instrumental in developing treaties with Constantinople and the ports of the Holy Land.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Even before the Crusades, Aliénor and Louis had been hostile to each other, and their differences so worsened when they were abroad.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor's relationship with his marshal Raymond, [18] ruler of Antioch was the main source of the dispute.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor supported the desire of his marshals to reclaim the Province of Edessa, which was the purpose of Pernag Cross.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Moreover, they have been familiar since youth, he now shows what is judged to be “excessive attention” to his ramp.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Raymond has a plan to kidnap Aliénor, which he agrees to. [19]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

While many historians of today dismiss this ha as a normal concern among uncles and nephews (noted their early friendship and resemblance to his father and grandfather), Aliénor's enemies bnayak interpreted that excessive attention as an adultery.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Louis' long line to Jerusalem and back north, who urged Aliénor to join, weakened and discouraged his army; the divided crusading army could not overcome the Muslim forces, and the royal couple had to return home.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Yet the journey back home is not easy to achieve.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Louis and Aliénor in ships separated due to their dissent, were first attacked in May 1149 by Eastern Roman ships seeking to capture both at the behest of the Eastern Roman Emperor.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Although they escaped the capture, a storm struck Aliénor's ship far south (towards the Berber Coast) and made her lose track of her husband.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

There was no word for more than two months.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

In mid-July, Aliénor's ship finally reached Palermo in Sicily, where she discovered that she and her husband had given up for dead.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He was granted asylum and food by the servants of King Ruggeru II of Sicily, until the king finally reached Calabria, and he set out to meet him there.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Later at King Ruggeru's palace in Potenza, he heard the news of the death of his priest Raymond, who was condemned to decapitation by Muslim forces in the Holy Land.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

This seems to have forced a change of plans, for instead of returning to France from Marseilles, they went to see Pope Eugenius III at Tusculum, where he had been expelled five months before the revolt of the Commune of Rome.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Eugenius did not grant an annulment as Aliénor had hoped.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Instead he tries to reconcile Aliénor and Louis, who justifies the legality of their marriage.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He states that no word can be spoken against it, and that it may not be able to be dissolved under any pretext.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Eventually he arranged things so that Aliénor had no other choice but to sleep with Louis in a special bed prepared by the pope.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Shortly thereafter, Aliénor conceived a second child who was a daughter, Alix from France.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

That marriage is now disintegrating.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Still without male descendants and threatened with no heirs, Aliénor faced great opposition from many barons and his own desire for a divorce.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

On 11 March 1152, they met at the royal castle of Beaugency to dissolve the marriage.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Hugues de Toucy, Archbishop of Sens, who presided, Louis and Aliénor were both present, as were the Archbishops of Bordeaux and Rouen.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Archbishop Samson of Reims acted for Aliénor.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

On 21 March, four archbishops with the approval of Pope Eugenius granted an annulment on the grounds of fourth-degree ecrability (Aliénor was Louis's third cousin once removed, and had a common ancestor as Robert II of France).


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

However their two daughters were declared legitimate and their guardianship rights were granted to King Louis.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Archbishop Samson received assurances from Louis that the territories of Aliénor would be returned to him.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Second Marriage When Aliénor traveled to Poitiers, two rulers— Thibaut V of Blois, and Geoffroy of Anjou (brother of Henri II, Duke of Normandy) —tried to kidnap and marry him to sue his territories.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Shortly after he arrived in Poitiers, Aliénor sent an emissary to Henry, the would-be king of England and at the time serving as duke of Normandy, asking him to come and marry her.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

On 18 May 1152 (Whit Sunday), eight weeks after her annulment, Aliénor was married to Henry “without pomp and ceremony befitting their degrees”. [20]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor was related to Henry more closely than he was to Louis— they were third degree cousins through the same lineage, Ermengarde of Anjou (wife of Robert I of Bourgogne and Geoffroy, Comte Gâtinais), and they also were descendants of King Robert II of France.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The marriage among Henry and Aliénor and Aliénor's daughter, Marie, had been denied before due to their status as third-degree close cousins once omitted.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

It is rumoured that Aliénor had an affair with Henry's own father, Geoffroy V of Anjou, who advised his son not to become involved with him.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

On 25 October 1154, Henry became King of England.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor was crowned Queen of England by the Archbishop of Canterbury on 19 December 1154. [14]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

However he may not have been anointed at the ceremony, as it had been done in 1137. [21]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Over thirteen years to come, he gave Henry five sons and three daughters: Guillaume IX, Henry, Richard, Geoffroy, John, Matilda, Leonor, and Joan.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

John Speed in his work on the 1611 History of Great Britain, alludes to it being alleged that Aliénor had a son named Philippe, who died young.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

His sources were wiped out and he himself alluded to the birth. [22]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor's marriage to Henry was notoriously chaotic and argumentative, although cooperative enough to produce at least eight children.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Henry was by no means loyal to his wife and had a reputation for his infidelity.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Henry had several illegitimate children outside his marriage.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor seems to have had an ambivalent attitude towards such: for example, Geoffrey, Henry's illegitimate son, was recognised by Henry as his son and brought up in Westminster into the hands of the queen.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

During the period of Henry's accession until Aliénor's youngest son John was born, affairs within the kingdom were turbulent: Aquitaine was, like the norm, who challenged Henry's authority as Aliénor's husband and answered only to their female dukes.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Several attempts were made to prosecute Toulouse, the legitimate legacy of Aliénor's grandmother Philippa of Toulouse, but ended in failure.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

A pahil feud arose between the king and Thomas Becket, who was initially Chancellor and his closest adviser and later Archbishop of Canterbury.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Louis of France had remarried and widowed; he married for the third time and eventually became the father of a son, Philippe August (also known as Dieudonne - God-Giving).


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

“Henry the Younger,” son of Henry and Aliénor, married Marguerite of France, daughter of Louis from his second marriage.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Not much is known about Aliénor's involvement in those events.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

It is ascertained that by the end of 1166, Henry's affair with Rosamund Clifford was dismantled, and Aliénor's marriage to Henry appears to have become strained.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

In 1167, Aliénor's third daughter, Mathilde, was married to Heinrich of Sachsen.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor remained in England with her daughter before Mathilde's departure for Normandy in September.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Afterwards, Aliénor collected his movable possessions in England and took him aboard several ships to Argentan in December.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

At the palace on the feast day of Christmas, he seems to have agreed to part from Henry.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Of course, he went to his own town in Poitiers soon after Christmas.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Henry did not prevent it; instead he and his personal forces escorted him there before attacking a castle owned by the Lusignan family.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Henry then left for his own affairs outside Aquitaine, leaving Earl Patrick (his regional military commander) as his patron.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

When Patrick was killed in the battle, Aliénor (who took care of the redemption of his captured nephew, William Marshal) who was still a boy, left under the influence of the dominions of his territories.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Rebellion and capture In March 1173, losses over lack of power and threats from his father's enemy, the young Henri launched the Rebellion of 1173—1174.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He fled to Paris.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

From there, “young Henri devised crimes against his father from every side with the advice of the King of France, who went secretly to Aquitaine where his two younger brothers were, Richard and Geoffroy, who lived with their mothers, and supposedly he secretly incited them to join him “. [23]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

One source states that the Queen sent her younger sons to France “to join her against their father the King”. [24]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

After his sons left for Paris, Aliénor probably encouraged the southern kings to rise up and support them. [25]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Sometime in late March and early May, Aliénor left Poitiers, but was captured and sent to the king at Rouen.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The King did not announce the arrest; until the following year, the Queen's whereabouts were unknown.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

On 8 July 1174, Henri and Aliénor boarded a ship to England from Barfleur.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Once they arrived in Southampton, Aliénor was probably taken to Winchester Castle or Sarum Castle and held there.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The Years In Prison 1173—1189 Aliénor was imprisoned for sixteen years, mostly in various locations in England.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

During her incarceration, Aliénor became estranged with her children, especially with Richard (who had always been her favorite son).


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He did not have the opportunity to see his children during his time in prison, although he was released for special feast days such as Christmas.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

About four miles from Shrewsbury and close to Haughmond Abbey “The abode of Queen Aliénor”, the remains of a triangular fortress believed to have been one of her prisons.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Henri lost a woman who supposedly was his true love, Rosamund Clifford in 1176.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

They met in 1166 and began an affair in 1173, which was an attempt at divorce from Aliénor.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

This famous event led the monkish interpreter to write Rosamond's name into Latin as “Rosa Immundi”, or “Despicable Rose”.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The king had many mistresses, but although he committed adultery earlier secretly, he exhibited Rosamond.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He may have done so to provoke Aliénor to call off the marriage, but the queen discouraged him.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

However, the issue persisted, which was probably helped by Henri's camp that Aliénor had poisoned Rosamund.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

It is speculated that Aliénor placed Rosamund inside a bathtub and told an old woman to cut off Rosamund's arm. [19]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Henri donated a fortune to Godstow Monastery, where Rosamund was buried.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

In 1183, the young King Henri tried once again to urge his father to give up some of his inheritance.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Involved into debt and denied control of Normandy, he tried to ambush his father in Limoges.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He joined forces sent by his brother Geoffroy and Philippe II of France.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Henri II's forces besieged the city and forced his son to flee.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

After wandering aimlessly through Aquitaine, young Henri contracted Dysentery disease.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

On Saturday 11 June 1183, the viceroy dawned on him that he was dying and regretted his sins.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

When his father's ring was carved to him, he pleaded with his father to spare his mother, and all his colleagues would plead with Henri to free him.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Henri II sent Thomas of Earley, Vice-Bishop of Wells, to sideline Aliénor at Sarum. [26]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor supposedly had a dream that predicted the death of his son Henri.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

In 1193 he informed Pope Celestinus III that he was afflicted by his memory.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

King Philippe II of France declared that some certain properties in Normadia were those of his half-sister Marguerite, the widow of young Henri, but Henri insisted that the properties were those of Aliénor and would restore them after his son's death.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

On this reason Aliénor to Normandy in the late summer of 1183.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He remained in Normandy for six months.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

This was the beginning of a period of greater freedom to remain supervised Aliénor.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor returned to England likely as early as 1184. [25]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Over the next few years Aliénor travelled frequently with her husband and was sometimes associated with him within the royal administration, but still had a custodian so he was not free.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Widowed After the death of her husband Henri II on 6 July 1189, Richard I was sole heir.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

One of his first acts as king was to send William Marshal to England with orders to free Aliénor from prison; upon arrival there he discovered that his custodian had released him. [27]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor drives to Westminster and receives an oath of allegiance from many nobles and church officials on behalf of the king.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He ruled England in Richard's name, calling himself “Aliénor, by the gift of God, Queen of England”.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

On 13 August 1189, Richard sailed from Barfleur to Portsmouth and was received with enthusiasm.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor ruled England as guardian when Richard went to the Third Crusade.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Later, when Richard was arrested, he personally negotiated his ransom by going to Germany.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor outlived Richard and lived well in the reign of his youngest son, King John.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

In 1199, under the conditions of a treaty between King Philippe II and King John, it was agreed that Philippe's twelve-year-old heir Louis would be married to one of John's nieces, the daughters of his sister Leonor of Castile.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

John ordered his mother to travel to Castile to choose one of the princesses.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The now 77-year-old Aliénor is gone from Poitiers.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Outside the city of Poitiers he was intercepted and taken captive by Hugues IX of Lusignan, whose estate had been sold by his ancestors of yore before to Henri II.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor guaranteed his freedom by agreeing to his demands.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He continued his journey south, crossing Pirenia, and through the Kingdom of Navarra and Castile, and arrived in Castile before the end of January 1200.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

King Alfonso VIII and Aliénor's daughter, Queen Leonor of Castile, had two still unmarried daughters, Urraca and Blanca.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor chose a younger daughter, Blanca.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He stayed for two months in the Castilian palace, then at the end of March travelled with his granddaughter Blanca across Pirenia.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He celebrated the feast of Easter in Bordeaux, where a famous warrior named Mercadier came to his castle.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

It was decided that he would accompany the Queen and Princess to the north.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

“On the second day of Easter week, he was killed inside the city by a soldier in the service of Brandin”, [24] a rival mercenary captain.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The queen who had come of twilight age felt struck by the tragedy and was unable to proceed to Normandy.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

He and Blanca drive on the easy road to the Loire valley, and he entrusts Blanca to the Archbishop of Bordeaux who takes over as his companion.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor then went to Fontevraud, where he settled.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

At the beginning of the summer, Aliénor fell ill and John visited him in Fontevraud.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor again fell ill at the beginning of 1201.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

When war broke out between John and Philippe, Aliénor announced his support for John and went from Fontevraud to his capital Poitiers to prevent his grandson Arthur I of Bretagne, son of Aliénor's late son, Geoffroy and John's rival to the English throne from takers of the transfer of power.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Arthur learns of his whereabouts and intercepts him inside Mirabeau Castle.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

When John heard the news, he marched south, defeated his besiegers and captured fifteen-year-old Arthur.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Aliénor then returned to Fontevraud where she became a nun.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Eleanor died in 1204 and was buried in Fontevraud Monastery beside her husband Henri and son Richard.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

His statue shows him reading a bible decorated with magnificent jewellery.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

At the time of his death he had outlived his children except for King John of England and Queen Leonor of Castile.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Appearance Contemporary sources praise Aliénor's beauty. [7]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Although inside an era in which noblewomen were excessively praised, their praise was undoubted his sincerity.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

When he was young, he was described as a perpulchra— very beautiful.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

When she was about 30 years old, Bernard of Ventadour, the famous troubadour called her “friendly, jelita persona,” praised her “beautifully eyed and noble hearted” and declared that she was a woman who “deserved the crown of any kingdom. “[10] [28] [29] William of Newburgh emphasized her self-charm, and even in her old age, Richard of Devizes described her as a beautiful woman, and Matthew Paris, writing in the 13th century called her a woman of “extraordinary beauty.”


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

However, there is no remnant of a more detailed description of Aliénor; the color of his hair and eyes for example is unknown.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

The effigi above her tomb shows a tall female skeleton with large, brown-skinned bones, although this may not be an accurate representation.


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

His seal in 1152 shows a woman with a slender figure, but perhaps the image is impersonal. [7]


Question: What was Aliénor's greatest fortune ever recorded?

Aliénor of Aquitaine

Popular Culture Books and Drama Aliénor and Henry were featured in James Goldman's play The Lion in Winter, which was made into the film starring Peter O'Toole and Katharine Hepburn in 1968 (which saw Hepburn win Best Actress (Oscar) and Best Actress (Golden Globe) - Drama and nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama).