Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Acidification Milk is heated so that lactic acid bacteria, namely Streptococcus and Lactobacillus can grow well. [2]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

These bacteria feed on lactose in milk and convert it to lactic acid. [2]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

As the acidity level increases, the solid substances in the milk (casein proteins, fats, some vitamins and minerals) coagulate and form curds. [2]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Thickening Bacteria rennet is added to the heated milk which then makes the protein coagulate and divides the milk into liquid (curd water) and solid (curd) parts. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Once separated, curd water is sometimes used to make cheeses such as Ricotta and Cypriot hallumi but usually the curd water is discarded. [2]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

With the help of a tool shaped like a harp, the cheese curd is crushed into granules. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

The finer the curd, the more water the curd is drained and it will produce a harder cheese. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Rennet converts sugar in milk to acid and existing protein into curd. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

The amount of bacteria included and its temperature are very important for the density level of cheese. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

This process takes between 10 minutes to 2 hours, depending on the amount of milk and the temperature of the milk. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Most cheeses use rennet in the manufacturing process. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

But ancient times when cheese was still made traditionally, leaf sap and fig tree twigs were used instead of rennet. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Curd processing After rennet feeding, the next process is different. [2]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Some soft cheeses are carefully transferred into molds. [2]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

In other cheeses, the curd is sliced and chopped by hand or with the help of a machine to remove more curd water. [2]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

The smaller the pieces of curd the cheese produced the denser. [2]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Preparation before maturation Printing When the curd reaches the optimum size it must be separated and molded. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

For small cheeses, the breast is separated with a spoon and poured into a mold.


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

For larger cheeses, removal from the tank uses the help of a piece of cloth. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Before pouring into the mold, the curd is dried first and then it can be pressed and then formed or sliced. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Cheese presses should be pressed according to the desired level of hardness. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

For soft cheeses, pressing is usually not done because the weight of the cheese is heavy enough to release curd water. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Likewise with sliced cheese, the weight of the cheese determines the desired density level. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Despite this, most cheeses go through the pressing process.


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Time and intensity of emphasis vary for each cheese. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Salting After the cheese is formed, the addition of salt is done so that the cheese does not taste unsalted. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Cheese can be salted in four different ways. [2]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

For some cheeses, salt is added directly into the curd. [2]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

The second way is to rub or sprinkle salt on the skin of the cheese. [2]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

This causes the cheese skin to form and protects the inside of the cheese from ripening too quickly. [2]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Some large cheeses are salted by soaking in brine. [2]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Soaking cheese can take hours to days. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

The latter way is to wash the surface part of the cheese with a saline solution. [2]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

In addition to giving flavor, salt also helps to remove excess water, harden the surface, protect the cheese from drying out and preserve and purify the cheese when entering the maturation process. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Ripening is a process that transforms fresh curds into cheeses filled with flavor. [4]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Maturation is caused by certain bacteria or fungi used in the production process. [4]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

The final character of cheese is widely determined by the type of ripening. [4]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

During the ripening process, the cheese is kept at a certain temperature and humidity level until the cheese is ready to eat. [2]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

This ripening time varies from a few weeks for soft cheeses to several days for hard cheeses such as Parmigiano-Reggiano. [2]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Some techniques can be performed before the ripening process to affect the final texture and taste of the cheese: Stretching the curd is carried and then diadonized in hot water to produce a filamentous texture. [5]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Examples of cheeses that go through this process are Mozzarella and Provolone cheeses. [5]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Cheddaring The cut curds are then stacked to remove moisture. [5]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

The curd is then ground for quite a long time. [5]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Examples of cheeses undergoing this process areCheddar cheese and other English Cheeses.


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Curd washing is washed in warm water to lower its acidity level and make it a soft taste cheese. [5]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Examples of cheeses passing through the washing process are Edam, Gouda, and Colby cheeses.


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Burning For some hard cheeses, the curd is heated to a temperature of 35°C (95°F) -56°C (133°F) which then results in the curd grains losing water and making the cheese become harder in texture. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

This process is often referred to as burning. [3]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Examples of reheated cheeses are Emmental, Appenzell and Gruyère. [2]


Question: What are the main basic ingredients for making cheese?

Cheese making

Category Reference:Cheese


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Passover (Latin: Páscha, Greek: Πάσχα, Paskha; Aramaic: פרויחאי of Pasṣa; from Hebrew: פעווורוי Pesaï [1]) is the most important celebration in the Christian ecclesiastical liturgical year.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

For Christians, Passover is synonymous with Jesus, whom Paul refers to as “the lamb of Passover”; Christian congregations until recently believe that Jesus was crucified, died and buried [a], and on the third day [b] rose from the dead.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Easter celebrates the day of the resurrection and is the most important celebration because it commemorates the most sacred event in Jesus' life, as recorded in the four gospels of the New Testament.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The celebration is also named Easter Sunday, Resurrection Day, or Resurrection Sunday.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Passover also refers to a time in the church calendar called the Passover period, which was celebrated for forty days from Easter Sunday (the culmination of Holy Week) to the day of Jesus' Ascension but now the period is extended to fifty days, i.e. up to the day of the day Pentecost (which means “fiftieth day” — the 50th day after Easter, there is a descending event of the Holy Spirit).


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The first Sunday in the Easter period is named the Octave of Easter by the Roman Catholic Church.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Easter Day also ends the Pre-Easter celebrations that begin as early as forty days before White Thursday, which are times of prayer, regret, and preparation for mourning.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Easter is one of the feast days that change dates (in Christianity it is called a moving celebration [2]) because it is adapted to a specific day (in this case a Sunday), not a specific date in the civil calendar.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Other Christian holidays are adjusted to the Passover day using a complex formula.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Easter is usually celebrated between the end of March to the end of April (the Christianization of the Western rite) or the beginning of April to the beginning of May (Christianity of the Eastern rite) each year, depending on the lunar cycle.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

After hundreds of years the churches did not reach an agreement, nowadays all churches have accepted the reckoning of the Church of Aleksandria (now called the Coptic Church) which determines that the day of Easter falls on the first Sunday after Easter's Full Moon, that is, the first full moon which its fourteenth day (the ecclesiastical “full moon”) falls on or after March 21 (the point of the Spring of the Sun/Vernal ecclesiastical equinox) Easter Sunday is not the same celebration (but still relates) to the Jewish Passover (Hebrew: פועor Pesakh [1]) [3] [c] in terms of symbolism as well as its dating .


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Indonesian does not have different terms for Passover Pesakh (Jewish) and Passover Paskha (Christian) as some European languages have two different terms, therefore the word Passover can have two different meanings in Indonesian.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Many cultural elements, including the Easter bunny, Easter eggs, and sending Easter cards have become part of modern Easter celebrations, and those elements are commonly celebrated by Christians as well as non-Christians.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Easter in Christianity Easter is the oldest celebration in the Christian church, a link between the Old and New Testaments.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Pope Leo the Great (440-461) emphasized the importance of Easter and called it festum festorum — the celebration of all celebrations, and said that Christmas is only celebrated to prepare for the celebration of Easter.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

According to Synoptic tradition [4], Easter points to the Holy Supper, which is based on the Night Supper, the farewell banquet between Jesus and the disciples of Jesus [3] [5].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

On that night before Jesus was put to death, Jesus gave new meaning to the Jewish Passover.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Bread [d] is denoted as the body of Jesus and wine is symbolized as the blood of Jesus, that is, Jesus' self-infliction as a Passover sacrifice [6].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

It was the Apostles John and Paulus who attributed Jesus' death to the fulfillment of the Old Testament Passover (Jesus died at the time when the Jewish Passover lambs were sacrificed in the kenisah or temple) [7].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

It is this death and resurrection of Jesus that is later associated with the term Easter in Christianity.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Since Passover is celebrated by Christian churches with a sacrament of Eucharistic/Holy Supper, the sacrament may also be referred to as the Christian Passover Supper [1], or the Good Friday Holy Supper [3], which is different from the Jewish Passover Supper.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Many Christian churches today celebrate the banquet more than once a year so that church congregations are always reminded of the events of Easter. [3]


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In the Old and New Testaments, the word Passover is mentioned 80 times in 72 verses [8] while in the translation BIS is mentioned 86 times in 77 verses [9] [10].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Easter in the early church of the early Church commemorated the resurrection of Jesus with a simple banquet and prayer [e].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Later in the course of his mission, Paul continued to remind the early church church church of the importance of the resurrection of Jesus [f] and the words of Jesus at the time of the Last Night Supper [11].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The earliest known source writing about Passover is Melito of Sardis who wrote a homily titled Peri Pascha (About Passover) [12].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The Christians of the time took the cross cross (Via Dolorosa) passed by the Lord Jesus.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

His death is commemorated as a sacrifice of salvation in the Jewish tradition (Hebrew: Zerah Shelamin) [13].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Jewish Christians continue to celebrate the Jewish Passover, but they no longer sacrifice the Passover lamb because Christ is considered the true Passover sacrifice.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

This celebration begins with fasting until Friday at 3 pm (some continue until Easter morning).


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Differences arise around the date of Easter.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Jewish Christians and Asian provincial congregations celebrate it on the same day as the Jewish Passover, which is the day after the 14th of Nisan (the first month) according to their calendars — the death of Jesus on 15 Nisan and the resurrection of Jesus on 17 Nisan — regardless of the day [14]; yet people Gentile Christians living in the Roman Empire as well as churches in Rome and Aleksandria celebrate it on the first day, which is Sunday — the day of the resurrection of Jesus, regardless of the date [g].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

It was this second method that eventually became more widely used in the church [h] [15], and adherents of the first method slowly began to be displaced.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Bishop Viktor of Rome at the end of the 2nd century declared the celebration according to the 14th Nisan to be heretic and excommunicated all his followers [16] [17].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Some other methods of counting include by some bishops in the Gauls who calculate Easter based on a specific date according to the Roman calendar, namely 25 March commemorates the death of Jesus and 27 March commemorates the death of Jesus [18] because since the 3rd century the date 25 March is considered as the date of the crucifixion [19].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

But the latter method was not used for long.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Many calendars in the Middle Ages recorded the dates of this celebration (25 and 27 March) for historical, rather than liturgical reasons [20].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Montanists in Asia Minor celebrate Easter on the first Sunday after April 6 [21].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Various variations of the calculation of such Easter dates continued to the 4th century.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The dispute surrounding such exact counting of Easter Sunday was finally formally discussed at the Council of Nicea I in 325 which ruled that Easter was a Sunday, but did not peg any specific Sunday.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The group that celebrated Passover by Jewish reckoning was named “Quartodeciman” (Latin for 14) (Nisan) and was excommunicated from the church [i].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The bishop of Aleksandria was then tasked with figuring out how to calculate the date of Easter, as the city was considered the highest authority for matters related to astronomy, and the bishop was expected to decide the outcome for the other dioceses to follow.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

However the results obtained were unsatisfactory, especially for Latin churches.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Many churches still wear their own way, including the church in Rome.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Finally it was only in the 7th century that the churches managed to come to an agreement on the calculation of the date of Easter Sunday [17]. (further see #Tanggal Easter) Easter according to liturgical calendar In Latin (Western) rite Christianity, Easter marks the end of the Pre-Easter period, which is 40 days (excluding Sundays) leading up to Easter Sunday.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The week before Easter Sunday is referred to as Holy Week.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The Sunday before Easter Sunday, which is the first day of Holy Week, is Palm Sunday which commemorates Jesus' entry into the city of Jerusalem riding a donkey.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The last three days before Easter Sunday are referred to as White Thursday or Holy Thursday, Good Friday, and Holy Saturday or Silent Saturday, all three of which are often referred to as the Holy Triday or Easter Triduum; White Thursday commemorates Jesus' Last Night Supper, Good Friday commemorates Jesus' death , and Holy Saturday commemorates the day at the time of Jesus in the grave.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Many churches start celebrating Easter the night before, namely with Easter Eve services.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In some countries, Easter Sunday is celebrated for two days until Easter Monday, and the days of the week after Easter Sunday, called Easter Week, are each given an Easter suffix, such as “Easter Tuesday”, “Easter Wednesday”, to Easter Octave, which is the Sunday after Sunday Easter. 40 days (which was later extended to 50 days or 7 weeks) after Easter is commonly called the Easter period ending with the day of Pentecost (the 50th day).


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In the Christianization of the Oriental (Eastern) rite, the period of preparation for Easter is known by the name of the Great Fasting period and begins from Clean Monday for 40 days (including Sunday).


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The last week in the preparation period is called Palma Week, which ends with Lazarus Saturday.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The day after that is Palm Sunday, Holy Week, then Easter Sunday.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

On Saturday midnight leading up to Easter Sunday the official Easter celebration begins, consisting of the Matins, the Hours of Easter, and the Heavenly Liturgy of Easter; thus the liturgy is guaranteed to be the first liturgy of Easter Sunday, as per its title as festum festorum — a celebration of all celebrations.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The week following Easter Sunday is referred to as Bright Week, while the period after Easter Sunday to the Sunday of the Saints (the Sunday after Pentecost) is referred to as Pentecostarion.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Easter on modern churches In Christian churches, especially the Latin Rite, celebrations begin on Good Friday.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Churches usually hold services on the day, Roman Catholics usually also fast on this day.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The Mass is covered with feelings of sorrow as it commemorates the misery of Jesus' suffering and death on the cross.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Protestant churches usually continue the service with the sacrament of the Easter Supper to commemorate Jesus' Last Night Supper; senduous songs such as “Don't Forget Gethsemane" [22] are also sung.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The priest or priest sometimes gives a brief discourse.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The Roman Catholic Church does not celebrate the Sacrament of the Eucharist on this day, in normal situations nor are the Sacraments of Confession and Anointing of the Sick. (more fully see Good Friday) On its Saturdays Catholic churches and some Anglican and Lutheran churches also organise Easter evening services.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In the service a Passover candle is lit to symbolize the risen Christ; the Exultet or Passover proclamation is sung; Bible verses from the Old Testament recounting the exit of the Israelites from Egypt and prophecies about the Messiah are recited.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

This devotional section reaches its peak by singing Gloria and Alleluia, and the Gospel of the resurrection story is recited.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Just like the Good Friday service, the priest or pastor sometimes also delivers the disposition after the Bible reading.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

For Roman Catholic churches, the night is usually also used for the sacrament of holy baptism, the night of reception of members of the new church congregation.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

For other members of the congregation, they also received a splash of holy water as an emblem of the renewal of their faith.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Services on Roman Catholic churches then continued with the sacrament of Confirmation.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The service then concludes with the sacrament of the Eucharist.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

This Easter night service has a variety of variations.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Some churches hold it to Protestants usually combine Easter evening service with Sunday morning service, which follows the story in the Gospel which tells the women who came to Jesus' tomb early in the morning right on the first day of the week [23].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

There are churches that hold it around dawn (dawn service), and usually held outdoors such as the church yard or garden near the church, but many celebrate after sunrise.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The Sunday service to commemorate the resurrection of Jesus (either together or different from the dawn service) is celebrated with a joyful attitude, including songs sung as well as triumphant songs [24].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Quite large churches exist that use inflatable instruments (trompets, etc.) to supplement commonly used instruments.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Most churches also decorate worship halls with decorations and flowers (e.g. Easter daffodils) The etymology of the term Easter in Latin languages is usually derived from one of two sources: Paskha or Pesakh and Estre/Eostre or Easter [25].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In Slavic languages, usually the term used has the meaning of “Great Day”.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Semitic, Roman, Keltic, Germanic, and Indonesian languages The Greek term for Passover, paskha/pascha, has nothing to do with the verb paschein, “suffer”, although symbolic writers often relate the two; the word derives from the Aramaic form for the word in the language Hebrew pesach.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Greeks call Passover pascha anastasimon; Good Friday pascha staurosimon.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The equivalent words used in Latin are Pascha resurrectionis and Pascha crucifixionis.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In the Roman Catholic liturgical book his celebrations are named Dominica Resurrectionis; in the Mozarabic liturgical book In Lætatione Diei Pasch Resurrectionis; in Ambrosius's liturgical book In Die Sancto Paschæ..


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The Romans languages have taken those Hebrew-Greek terms:, Pascha;, Pasqua;, Pascua;, Pâques.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Some Keltic and Teutonic countries also use it:, Pask;, Paschen (the correct Dutch word is actually Pasen); and, Påske;: Påsk (The letter Å represents a multiple letter 'a' and is spelled /o/, the alternative spelling is Paaske or Paask. );


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

: Páskar;: Páskir; even in some German provinces of Rhein Upstream use the term Paisken, not Ostern.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The term, especially in Spain and Italy, undergoes an expansion of meaning and has the added meaning of “silence” and is used for other celebrations, Pascua florida (Palm Sunday); Pascua de Pentecostes (Pentecost); Pascua de la Natividad (Christmas); Pascua de Epifania (Epiphany) in Spain; Pasko (Christmas); Pasko ng Pagkabuhay (Easter Resurrection) in the Philippines.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In some regions of France the First Communion service is also called Pâques, no matter when it takes place. [17]


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Christians speaking or other Semitic languages mostly use the term Pesaṣa.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The Arabic term for this celebration: عيد الفصح ʿĪd al-Fiṣṣā, [iːd Ælfis] has the root word F-ṣ-, which is still cognated with P-S-.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Arabic also uses the term عيد القيامة ʿĪd al-Qiyāmah, [iːd Ælqiyæːmæh], meaning “celebration of the resurrection”, although this term is used less frequently.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Indonesian uses the term Passover.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Likewise Malay, Javanese, and other languages of the archipelago.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Anglo-Saxon languages In English, the term Easter (Easter) according to Bede is derived from the Saxon language, namely the word Ēastre or Ēostre (Old English pronunciation: [ˈæːstre, ˈeːostre]) which is still related to Estre, a goddess of the Teutonic nation, the goddess of the light of dawn and spring, who its celebration is adjacent to the celebration of Easter, which was no longer known in Bede's time, even in the “Edda" [26]; Anglo-Saxon languages, including: eâster, eâstron [27] [28]; Old German: Ôstra, Ôstrara, Ôstrarûn;: Ostern.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

April is called easter-monadh.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The plural form of eâstron is used, as its celebration lasts for seven days.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Like the plural form in French Pâques, the term is translated from Latin Festa Paschalia, the entire Octave of Easter. [17]


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Slavic languages In Slavic languages the term used usually means “Great Day” or “Great Night”. And, Wielkanoc and Velikonoce meaning “Night (-night) Great”;, Великдень (Velykden);, Великден (Velikden);, Вялікдзень (Vyalikdzyen) meaning “Great Day”.,, and use the term Uskrs meaning “Resurrection”.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

(Three terms used in Cyrillic and Latin script: Ускрс->Uskrs, Васкрс->Vaskrs, Вeликден->Velikden) are exceptions; he uses the term Пасха (Paskha) which borrows from the form through the language of the Old Slavonian Church [29].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Easter in various languages The date of Easter (and other related celebrations) which is the most important day in the ecclesiastical calendar is referred to as the moving celebration, which means the celebration is not fixated on a specific date within the Gregorian nor Julian calendars (the same- similarly following the solar turnaround and the four seasons) but rather it is calculated according to the suryacandra calendar like the Hebrew calendar.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

This is what underlies scientists studying astronomy systematically. [30]


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In the Gregorian calendar, Easter always falls on a Sunday between March 22 and April 25 (inclusive). [30] [31] The next day, Easter Monday, is a holiday in many countries with strong Christian traditions.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

For countries that follow the Julian calendar for religious celebrations, Easter also falls on a Sunday between March 22 (KJ) and April 25 (KJ), which in the Gregorian calendar is April 4 to May 8 (inclusive).


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The exact date of Easter was once a staple of debate.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In the Council of Nicaea I in 325 it was decided that all Christians would celebrate Passover on the same day, which would be calculated differently from the calculations of the Jewish people to determine the date of the Jewish Passover.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Due to the absence of any record of the council's decisions that survived up to modern times, it is possible that the council did not decide on a particular way to calculate the date of Easter.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Epifanius of Salamis wrote in the middle of the 4th century:... the emperor... assembled a council with 318 bishops... in the city of Nicea... In those councils they also agreed to an ecclesiastical canon, and at the same time considered with respect to Passover (Jewish) that it required the existence of one the reflection of the celebration of the holy and very important day of the Lord.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Because it is commemorated differently by people... [32]


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In the following year, the manner of calculation worked out by the Aleksandrian church became the standard of calculation.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Slowly the system began to spread to Christian churches in Europe.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The Church of Rome passed on the use of the 84-year-old suryacandra calendar cycle from the end of the 3rd century to 457.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The Church of Rome continued to use its own way up to the 6th century when the Aleksandrian method had been converted to the Julian calendar by Dionysius Exiguus.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The early Church in Britain and Ireland also used the old method of Rome until the Synod of Whitby of 664 when they began using the Aleksandrian method.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Churches in the western hemisphere of Europe used the method of Rome until the end of the 8th century during the reign of Karel the Great, then they used the Aleksandrian method.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

However, since the Catholic Church began using the Gregorian calendar in place of the Julian calendar since 1582 and the Eastern Orthodox Church stuck to the Julian calendar, then the celebration of Easter was again celebrated differently, and that distinction remains today.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Calculation The method of counting computus paschalis has since long been considered very important even Durandus said that a priest is not worthy of being called a priest if he does not know (how to count) computus paschalis. [33]


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The basic calculation prevailing since the Middle Age is that Easter is celebrated on the Sunday after the first full moon after the first day of spring (vernal equinox).


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The sentence is actually not precisely correct with the ecclesiastical system of calculation.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In ecclesiastical calculations, Christian churches use March 21 as the beginning of the date of Easter reckoning, from there it is sought when the next full moon, etc.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

For those Orthodox churches that still use the Julian calendar, the date used is also March 21, but in the Julian calendar, as a result there are differences as they appear in the chart at right.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Such complex calculations can be approximately simplified as follows: Easter is determined on the basis of the suryacandra cycle.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

One month in candra dating (month) consists of months throughout 30 days and 29 days, criss-crossing, with an additional month added periodically to fit in with solar (solar) dating.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In each solar year (January 1 to December 31), the candra month begins with an ecclesiastical full that falls on a 29-day period between March 8 to April 5 (inclusive) and is named the “Easter candra month” of the year.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Easter is the 3rd Sunday in the month of Easter candra, or in other words the Sunday after the 14th day of the Easter candra month.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The 14th day itself is called the full name of Easter, although the 14th day of the month of candra can differ from the astronomical full for up to 2 days. [j] Because ecclesiastical full name falls on 8 March to 5 April (>8 March & <=5 April), the full name of Easter or its 14th day must have fallen on 21 March to 18 April (>21 March & <=18 April).


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Thus Easter according to the Gregorian calendar will have 35 possible days — between March 22 to April 25 (inclusive) [k].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The last time Easter fell on March 22 was in 1818 and the next was the year 2285.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The last time Easter fell on April 25 was in 1943 and the next was in 2038.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The Passover hand-date turnaround cycle repeats exactly every 5,700,000 years; April 19 is the most frequent Easter date, occurring 220,400 times, or 3.9%, compared to the median of other dates of 189,525 times or 3.3%.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Easter according to the Julian calendar is often (about 50%) celebrated 1 week after the Gregorian calendar, due to the absence of date calculation adjustments as done in the Gregorian calendar.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

But it is also not uncommon for the time difference up to 3-4 weeks.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

To avoid differences in the manner of Easter contempt, the Catholic church has created a table of Easter dates according to the above rules.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The whole church celebrating Easter celebrates it according to the date in the table.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Some algorithms used to calculate Easter include Gregorian computation, Gauss algorithm, anonymous Gregorian algorithm, and Julian Meeus algorithm.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The connection with the Jewish Passover dating of the Jewish Passover also uses the Suryacandra calendar to calculate the date of celebration.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Easter Sunday usually falls about a week after the first day of the Jewish Passover (the 15th of Nisan in Jewish dating).


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

But due to the difference in the suryacandra date calculation system between the Jewish and Gregorian calendars [l], in the 19-year cycle of the Jewish Passover falls one month after Easter Sunday, namely the 3rd, 11th, and 14th years in the 19-year cycle of the Gregorian calendar (or the 19th, 8th, and 11th years in succession- also on the 19-year cycle of the calendar Because in the modern Jewish calendar the 15th Nisan never falls on Monday, Wednesday, or Friday, the seder of the 15th Nisan never falls on the night of White Thursday.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The second seder, which is commemorated by some Jewish communities as the second (Jewish) Passover night, may fall on Thursday night.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Easter dating reform In a Pan-Orthodox congress of 1923, the bishops of the Eastern Orthodox Church met in Constantinople under the leadership of Patriarch Meletios IV.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In the congress the bishops approved the Amendments to the Julian calendar.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Originally, this calendar will be able to determine the date of Passover based on astronomical calculations based on the meridians of Jerusalem. [34] [35] But countries using these revisions only use revisions of feast days that have fixed dates on the Julian calendar, revision the formula of calculating the date of Easter has never been applied in any Orthodox diocese.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

At the summit of the World Council of Churches (DGD) in Aleppo, Syria in 1997, the DGD proposed a reform of Easter counting that would reunite the two existing systems (West/Gregorian and East/Julian) with modern astronomical science that calculates the spring equinox astronomically and full moon in the Jerusalem meridian, and also follows the Council of Nicea I on the dating of Passover on the first Sunday after the full moon. [36]


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

DGD attach the table on the side.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

These proposed changes to the DGD would resolve the dating issue and eliminate differences among Eastern and Western (rite) churches.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

This reform was proposed to be used since 2001, but until now it has not been used by any member.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Passover Celebration Christian Easter tradition of the Lamb Among the popular Christian Easter symbols, the lamb is the most important in this grand celebration.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Jesus Christ as the “Easter Lamb”, as Paul expresses in, with the flag of victory, can be seen in paintings installed in the homes of European families.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The most ancient prayer for the blessing of lambs is found in the seventh-century ritual book of the Benedictine monastery in Bobbio, Italy.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Two hundred years later Rome used it and after that, for centuries later, the main menu of the Pope's dinner on the Feast of Easter was roast lamb.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

After the tenth century, in exchange for whole lambs, were served smaller pieces of meat.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The ancient tradiri of the Easter lamb also inspired Christians to serve lamb meat as a popular dish during Passover.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Until now, lamb meat was served as the main menu of Easter Sunday in various regions of eastern Europe.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

However, often small lamb forms made of butter, bread or confectionery replace the lamb dish, and become the main course of the Easter banquet.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Tuguran tuguran is an important tradition in the Roman Catholic Church, which includes fasting until 40 hours starting the Friday morning before Easter.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

On Saturday midnight they broke their fast, by singing spiritual kidung, reading scripture and performing rituals with bread and wine.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Dawn Mass on Easter Sunday is one form of tuburial.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Passover music event In the city of Winston-Salem, the U.S. state of North Carolina, there is a congregation of the Moravian Brotherhood Church that has an annual Easter tradition.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Starting on Sunday at two o'clock in the morning, members of the city's Moravian church came to a historic cemetery called God's Acre to welcome Jesus' resurrection accompanied by a chord of musical instruments numbering up to 500 musical instruments.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

This event has been held every year for more than two centuries and has attracted thousands of tourists every year so the city of Winston-Salem is nicknamed “Easter City” (Easter City).


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Salubong In the Philippines whose majority is Roman Catholic, on Easter Sunday morning it is organized with a jubilant celebration, known as Salubong (Meeting).


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

At the festival giant statues of Mary and Jesus, and several other saints, were paraded in the streets of the m.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The festivities then continued with an Easter mass.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Full-day Mass In New Mexico, USA every year, up to 50 thousand people line the streets of the state to reach a small 200-year-old church at the dawn of Easter Day.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Some walk for 165 kilometres.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The church hosts non-stop full-day mass, providing the sacrament of holy communion to all the parishioners who come.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Maria Cave In East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia every lead-up to Easter, tens of thousands of pilgrims visit Tuan Ma Chapel in Larantuka City, to pay their respects to the Mater Dolorosa or the statue of Our Lady.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Other than Easter, this statue is not allowed to be viewed for the public.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Tens of thousands of Catholics from various regions are willing to stand in line for hours to be able to enter Mr. Ma's Chapel.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In the chapel, a ceremony of Young Master or cleaning of the statue of Our Lady was held.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Finishing the ceremony, the doors of the kapela are opened and devotees are allowed in to pay their respects to Mater Dolorosa.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Inside the kapela, pilgrims lit candles while singing songs in praise of Mater Dolorosa.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The Mater Dolorosa statue can only be seen once a year in the run-up to Easter.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Resurrection procession In Poland, the resurrection procession (Rezurekcja) begins at Easter morning mass at a time when church bells are ringed with a loud sound to commemorate the resurrection of Jesus.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Another tradition is Święconka, which is the blessing of the Passover basket by the priest on Holy Saturday.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The Spanish city of Sevile usually hosts very festive Easter celebrations.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

During Holy Week, procession after procession takes place in the city (a total of 58 processions during Holy Week 2007) which is not infrequently followed by 3000 people per procession.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Musical performers participated in the motorcade.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The most famous procession is on Good Friday evening.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Besides in Seville, other cities in Spain are also famous for their Easter festival traditions, such as the cities of Málaga, León, Cartagena, Castille, etc.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Other countries that have strong Easter traditions include Italy, Malta, Central American countries and Latin America.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Easter eggs Since eggs are not allowed to be eaten during the Pre-Easter period, then on Easter the eggs are again eaten together, and at first they are red to symbolize the joy of Easter.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

This tradition is found not only in Latin churches, but also Oriental.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The giving of symbolic meaning associating an egg with a new birth is thought to have only been created long after this tradition existed.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The tradition is thought to have originated from/been influenced by paganism.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In some countries, godparents give Easter eggs to their godchildren.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Colored eggs are usually used as children's toys.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In the United States there is a fairly popular game, known as “egg-picking”.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Other games for example “egg-rolling” that children perform on Easter Monday on the White House lawn in Washington. [17]


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The procession awakens people In Puy, France, there is an unknown Easter tradition since when it started, that is, when singing the psalm Matins a singer who is part of the chord is absent, then some singers and a priest will walk carrying the procession cross and water holy, then went to the house of the singer who was absent earlier, singing the song “Haec Dies”, then splashed him with holy water if he was still in bed, then led him to the church.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

As punishment for his absence, he had to make a morning meal for the conductor.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

A similar tradition was also encountered in Nantes and Angers in the 15th century; synods banned it in 1431 and 1448 [17].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Food blessing In Latin and Oriental churches, there is a tradition to bless foods that during the Pre-Easter period should not be eaten before eating them on Easter, especially meat, eggs, butter, and cheese [37].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Those who eat such food before being blessed, according to past belief, will be punished by God [38].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The blessing of the house On the eve of Easter the houses are blessed [39]... to commemorate the tradition of affixing the blood of the Easter lamb on the doorposts


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Parish priests (in Europe) visited houses in his parochial territory; the Pope's residence was also blessed on this day by the Pope himself [40].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The secular Easter tradition of Passover today has become one of the economically important feast days, seen from the many sales of Easter cards, Easter eggs made of chocolate, as well as trinkets and other Passover themed foods.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Starting from Europe and the United States, secular Easter traditions began to spread to other countries in the world, including those with few Christian populations.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Hotels and shopping centers take many Easter themes apart from its Christian element.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In many English-speaking countries such as the United States, Australia, and New Zealand the Easter tradition that takes place is usually around Easter eggs.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Decorate Easter eggs on Saturday and hunt for those eggs that are hidden on Sundays.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

For more than 100 years, children have come to the White House lawn on Easter Monday, to take part in the Easter egg hunt.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In different regions of Germany Easter bunnies in the form of pastries and confectionery are gaining popularity in Southern Germany, and now such cakes and confectionery are very much loved by children in a wide variety of countries.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Skiing In Scandinavian countries such as Norway, Finland, Sweden, and Denmark, many people carry on the old tradition of skiing on Easter.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Another tradition is to dress small children in costumes to ask for sweets to their neighbors.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Easter Fire In the northern and eastern parts of the Netherlands (Twente and Achterhoek) and in Northern Germany (Osterfeuer), the Easter fire (Paasvuur) is lit on Easter Sunday evening.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In ancient times, the fire of Oster was lit on a mountain (mountain Easter/Osterberg) and ignited from a new fire on nodfyr wood; this was a pagan tradition spreading in continental Europe that symbolized the start of spring and the end of winter.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The bishops of the church issued a prohibition against the ignition of this fire [41], but did not succeed in abolishing this non-Christian tradition.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The church then adopted this ceremony, and gave a new emblem, which commemorated the “pillar of fire” that led the Israelites out of Egypt and the resurrection of Jesus; the new Passover fire was lit on Holy Saturday from flint, symbolizing the stone covering of the tomb that was overthrown when Jesus rise up.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In some places in Europe a winter coat of arms was thrown on the fire, but in the Rhine, Tyrol, and Bohemia, the one thrown on the fire was the Judas emblem [42] Sports and celebrations of the Greek and Russian Congregations, having passed their long Pre-Easter period, celebrated Easter with sports- sports are popular; everywhere there are music, dances, and other activities.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In Russia people may visit the church bell tower and ring the bell itself specially on the day, an opportunity that locals rarely miss [17].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Handball Handball is one of the Easter activities conducted in France and Germany [43].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The ball can symbolize the sun.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Bishops, priests, and monks, having passed the strict Pre-Easter period, used to play handball throughout Easter week [44].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

This activity is called by the name libertas Decembrica, because earlier in December the masters used to play ball with their servants and herdsmen of cattle.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The handball game is then spliced with dances that even bishops and monks participate in.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In the United Kingdom, the ball game is also a favorite sport of Easter, but nowadays those traditions have disappeared [45]. jmpl|Easter showers in Germany decorated with Easter eggs Easter Festival The city of Salzburg in Austria annually holds the Salzburg Easter Festival ( Salzburger Osterfestspiele), that is, a festival of opera and classical music during Easter week.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

That festival has been going since 1967 and is amplified by Die Berliner Philharmoniker (Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra), Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester (Gustav Mahler Young Orchestra), etc.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Easter Bunny Easter Bunny is a pagan symbol and has always been a symbol of fertility [17] [26] Controversies surrounding Easter In the United States there are several groups that propose replacing the terms Good Friday and Easter (Good Friday and Easter) to Spring Holiday .


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The term is already used on some public schools in the US.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

It is viewed by Christians as an attempt to secularize religious celebrations [46].


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

This account of the Crucifixion is celebrated on Good Friday.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Friday (day I), Friday afternoon-Saturday afternoon (day II), Saturday afternoon-Sunday morning (day III).


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The Jewish people count the day beginning when the sun sinks.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

This is an eight-day celebration commemorating the exit of the Jews from the land of Egypt led by the prophet Moses, as written in the book of Exodus in the Bible.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The bread used here is plain leavened bread. cf. uses the word bread (in Greek arton, from the word artos — leavened plain bread — and not azumos — unleavened bread).


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

“They persevere in the teaching of the apostles and in fellowship.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

And they always gather to break bread and pray.” “But when Christ is not resurrected, then our preaching is vain and your trust is in vain.”


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

Initially the churches of Rome and Aleksandria both celebrated Easter on the first Sunday after the first full name after the first day of spring.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The first day of spring in Rome falls on March 25, in Aleksandria on March 21.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

In Antioch Passover is celebrated on the first Sunday after the Jewish Passover (14 Nisan).


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

This is also one of the reasons the Sabbath of Christians fell on a Sunday, not a Saturday like the Sabbath of the Jews They still existed until the 4th century, when finally John Krisostomos and Nestorius, bishops of Consantinople, rejected this group, as noted by historians church Socrates Scholasticus in his book: Socrates.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

“Historia Ecclesiastica”. 6.11. and 7.29. in The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates, Bell and Sons, London, 1874, p.318.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

According to astronomical calculations the point of the Spring of the Sun, that is, the first day of spring, may actually fall on March 20-21, but church conventions set the date of March 21 to help calculations. cf. Montes, Marcos J. Accessed on 2008-01-12 Easter is the first Sunday after ( never on) of March 21, which is March 22; if April 18 is a Sunday, then Easter must be delayed for a week (seven days) to April 25 (both Gregorian and Julian calendars).


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

The difference is the scheduling of adding additional months (embolismic months) every few years so that the year is the same as solar dating.


Question: How long do Easter celebrations last?

Easter

See also Sunday Last Supper Thursday White Arrest Jesus Court Jesus Death Jesus Good Friday Burial Jesus Saturday Holy Saturday Resurrection Jesus Ascension Jesus Ascension Jesus Reference Outlink Liturgy (Orthodox icon and synaxarion) Tradition (from the Catholic Encyclopedia) on the Calculation Julian and Gregorian Easter for any year plus other info Julian or Gregorian Easter and associated festivals for any year for calculator Julian Easter and associated festivals in Gregorian calendar 1583—4099 Orthodox Paschal calculator with technical discussion and full source code in javascript See also Resurrection of Jesus Second Coming of Jesus Christ


Question: What is the north pole difference with the south pole?

South Pole

Coordinates: South Pole (KUTSEL) or other designation, the Janubi Pole (geographical) is the southern end of the Earth (90°S), is the axis of the Earth.


Question: What is the north pole difference with the south pole?

South Pole

Norwegian polar discoverer Roald Amundsen was the first to discover the South Pole on December 14, 1911.


Question: What is the north pole difference with the south pole?

South Pole

Today there are many research stations in the South Pole.


Question: What is the north pole difference with the south pole?

South Pole

The magnetic South Pole is the tip of the magnetic field that straight through the center of the earth.


Question: What is the north pole difference with the south pole?

South Pole

It is because of that axis that the earth rotates.


Question: What is the north pole difference with the south pole?

South Pole

As of 1985 it was known the magnetic South Pole existed at 65°S 140°T.


Question: What is the north pole difference with the south pole?

South Pole

The south pole is also called the antartic, and the south pole is a region in the world that has not been spoiled by humans completely, because the south pole is not all illuminated by the sun.


Question: What is the north pole difference with the south pole?

South Pole

Although we often witness the installation of the victory flag that became a symbol of past explorers at the South Pole, still the South Pole is the only place on Earth that is not owned by anyone and has no history of natives.


Question: What is the north pole difference with the south pole?

South Pole

Under the Antarctic Treaty, it is stated that existing land and resources are used only for peaceful and scientific purposes.


Question: What is the north pole difference with the south pole?

South Pole

List of Palmer's 1820 Roald Amundsen expedition 14 Dec. 1911 Scott 17 Jan. 1912 Byrd 29 Nov. 1919 Fuchs 20 Jan. 1968 See also North Pole Category:Antarctica


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

Trade law is the law that governs the relationship between a party and another relating to mercantile affairs. [1]


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

Another definition states that trade law is a set of norms that arise specifically in the business world or corporate activities. [2]


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

Trade law falls into the category of civil law, precisely the law of association.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

The reason is because trade law relates to human actions in mercantile affairs.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

Therefore the law of commerce does not fall within the law of righteousness.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

Later trade law also deals with the rights and obligations between parties concerned in mercantile affairs.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

The law of binding governs this.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

That is why trade law is categorized into the law of binding.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

The law of association is a law that specifically regulates the interactions in trade affairs. [1]


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

History of Trade Law [3] [4] The development of trade law in the world has taken place in the years 1000 to 1500 in medieval times in Europe.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

At that time, cities that served as trading centers, such as Genoa, Venice, Marseille, Florence to Barcelona.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

Although it has been enacted by Roman Law (Corpus Iulis Civilis), but various problems related to trade have not been resolved.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

Therefore, the Law of Merchants (Koopmansrecht) was formed.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

At that time trade law was still in nature.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

The first codification of trade laws was formed in France under the name Ordinance de Commerce during the reign of King Louis XIV in 1673.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

In the law there are all things related to the world of trade, from traders, banks, business entities, securities to insolvency statements.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

In 1681 was born the codification of the second trade law under the name Ordinance de la Marine.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

In this codification contains everything related to trade and marine, for example, about trade at sea.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

Both laws were then the reference of the birth of the Code de Commerce, a new trade law that came into force in 1807 in France.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

The Code de Commerce discusses the various legal regulations arising in the field of commerce since medieval times.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

Code de Commerce later became the forerunner of trade law in the Netherlands and Indonesia.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

As a former French colony, the Netherlands enacted the Wetboek van Koophandel adapted from the Code de Commerce.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

Although it has been published since 1847, the application of the new Wetboek van Koophandel took place since May 1, 1848.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

Then the Dutch colonized Indonesia and influenced the development of trade law in Indonesia.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

Finally, the Book of Trade Law (KUHD) adapted from Wetboek van Kopphandel which later became one of the sources of Indonesian trade law.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

Source of Trade Law [2] Trade law in Indonesia is not created just like that, but based on the source.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

There are three types of sources that refer to trade law, namely written law that has been codified, uncodified written law and habitual law.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

In the written law that has been codified, the reference is the KUHD which has 2 books and 23 chapters.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

In the KuHD discussed about trade generally as many as 10 chapters and rights and obligations as many as 13 chapters.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

In addition to the Criminal Code, another source is the Book of Civil Law Statute (Civil Code) or also known as Burgerlijk Wetboek (BW).


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

One of the chapters on BW talks about binding.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

In the written law that has not been codified, there are 4 Statutes that are referred to.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

The four laws are Law No. 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies, Law No. 8 of 1995 on Capital Markets, Law No. 32 of 1997 on Commodity Futures Trading and Law Nompr 8 of 1997 on corporate documents.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

As for the habitual law, the source is Article 1339 of the Civil Code and Article 1347 of the Civil Code.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

Legal subject Supporting legal rights and obligations held by man from birth to death and also owned by a legal person intentionally created by law as a legal subject. [4]


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

Another definition explains that the subject of law is everyone who has rights and obligations thus having legal authority (rechtbevoegheid). [5]


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

In trade law, the subject of law is a business entity.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

Another term of business entity is a company, either individual or has a legal entity.


Question: When were free trade agreements created?

Trade law

There are 8 types of business entities, namely [4]: Trading Company/Trading Enterprises (PD/UD) Firma (fa) Commanditaire Vennotschap (CV) Limited Liability Company Cooperative Company Perum Holding Company/Group/Concern Reference Category:Legal


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Ocean thermal energy conversion (English: 'ocean thermal energy conversion') is a method of generating electrical energy using temperature differences between the deep ocean and near-surface waters to run a heat engine.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

As in general heat machines, the greatest efficiency and energy are generated by the greatest temperature difference.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

The temperature difference between the deep ocean and surface waters generally gets bigger if it gets closer to the equator.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

At first, the challenge of designing OTEC was to efficiently generate energy with the smallest temperature difference.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

The sea level is heated continuously with the help of sunlight, and the oceans cover nearly 70% of the Earth's surface area.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

This temperature difference stores a lot of solar energy that is potential for mankind to use.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

If this can be done with cost effective and on a large scale, OTEC is able to provide the renewable energy source needed to cover various energy problems.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

The concept of a calorific machine is common in thermodynamics, and much of the energy residing around humans is generated by this concept.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

A heat machine is a thermodynamic device that is placed between a high-temperature reservoir and a low temperature reservoir.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

When the heat flows from high temperature to low temperature, the device converts part of the calorific to work.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

This principle is used in steam engines and deep combustion engines, while in refrigeration devices, the concept is reversed.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Compared to using fuel combustion energy, the energy produced by OTEC is obtained by taking advantage of the temperature difference in the ocean caused by heating by the sun.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

The OTEC corresponding calorific cycle is the Rankine cycle, using a low-pressure turbine.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

The system can be either closed or open cycle.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Closed cycles use special liquids that generally work as refrigerants, for example ammonia.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

An open cycle uses heated water as the liquid acting inside its cycle.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

History Although the OTEC system is a newest technology, the concept has a long way to develop.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

It started in 1881, which is when Jacques Arsene d'Arsonval, the French physicist who put forward the concept of thermal energy conversion of the oceans.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

And d'Arsonval's pupil, George Claude who made the first time OTEC power plant in Cuba in 1930 [1].


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

The power plant was generating 22 kilowatts of electricity with low-pressure turbines [2].


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

In 1931, Nikola Tesla launched the book “On Future Motive Power” covering the thermal energy conversion of the oceans.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Although he was interested in the concept, he assumed that this could not be done on a large scale.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

In 1935, Claude built a second plant on 10000 tons of cargo that floats above off the coast of Brazil.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

But weather and waves destroyed those power plants before they could produce energy [2].


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

In 1956, French physicists designed the 3 megawatt OTEC power plant in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

The OTEC power plant was never completed due to the cheapness of oil prices in the 1950s which made oil power plants more economical [2].


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

In 1962, J. Hilbert Anderson and James H. Anderson, Jr. began designing a cycle to achieve goals that Claude did not achieve.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

They focus on developing new designs with higher efficiency.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

After analyzing the problems found in Claude's design, they finally patented their artificial closed cycle design in 1967 [3] The United States began to engage on OTEC research in 1974, when the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii authorities established Keahole Point in Kona Beach, Hawaii [4].


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

That laboratory is the largest OTEC research and experiment facility in the world.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Hawaii is a suitable location for OTEC research due to its warm sea surface and access to the cold deep ocean.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

In addition, Hawaii is also a state whose electricity costs are quite expensive in the United States.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Although Japan does not have a potential place to establish OTEC, Japan contributes a lot in OTEC research and development, especially for its export and application abroad.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

One of the Japanese projects in the development of OTEC is the OTEC facility in Nauru which generates 120kW of electricity. 90kW is utilized to drive the aforementioned OTEC facilities and 30kW is streamed to schools and some places in Nauru [2].


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Working Principles Some energy experts argue that OTEC will be a highly competitive electricity-producing technology in the future.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

OTEC can produce electricity up to gigawatt scale, and by merging with electrolysis systems, will produce enough hydrogen to replace the world's fossil fuel consumption.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

But, regulating costs is the hardest.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

The entire OTEC facility requires special equipment and large diameter long pipes that are sunk up to several kilometres away from the surface to get cold water.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

And that requires a lot of costs.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Based on the location of the Land Floats Shallow waters Based on the cycle system used Open cycle Closed cycle Hybrid cycle Cold sea water is the main part of the three cycle types.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

To operate it, cold seawater must be pumped to the surface.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Another way is to do desalination of seawater near the ocean floor which will cause that seawater to flow upwards due to density differences [5].


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Closed-cycle JMPL|Ka|400px|Closed-cycle OTEC Closed-cycle diagram uses fluids with low boiling points, for example ammonia, to rotate turbines and generate electricity.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

The warm water on the surface is pumped into a heat exchanger where the low-boiling point fluid is brought to a boil.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Fluids that undergo a change of form into steam will experience increased pressure.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

This high-pressure steam is then drained to the turbine to generate electricity.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

The steam is then cooled again with cold water from the deep sea and condenses.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Then the fluid again performs the cycle.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Open cycle JMPL|Ka|400px|OTEC open cycle diagram Open cycle uses seawater to generate electricity.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

The warm seawater is fed into a low-pressure tank so that it evaporates.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

This steam is used to drive turbines.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

The evaporated seawater leaves marine minerals such as salt and so on so it is beneficial to produce fresh water for drinking and irrigation [6] Hybrid cycle cycle uses the advantages of open and closed cycle systems.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Hybrid cycles use seawater placed in low-pressure tanks to serve as steam.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Then the vapor is used to evaporate the low-boiling fluid (ammonia or something else).


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

The seawater vapor is then condensed to produce desalinated fresh water.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Working fluid Various types of fluids are used for this technology, generally those that are low boiling points.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

The most popular is ammonia due to its inexpensive procurement costs, ease of transportation, and reasonably available.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Ammonia deficiency is that this fluid is toxic flammable.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Other types of fluids namely fluorinated hydrocarbons such as CFCs and HCFCs are non-toxic and non-flammable, but these fluids damage ozone.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Hydrocarbons such as pentana are also good candidates, but are flammable.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

In addition, the use of petroleum-derived hydrocarbon fluids is able to increase competition with their use as fuel.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

OTEC related technologies have many benefits beyond simply generating electrical energy.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Air Conditioning The cooled seawater pumped by the OTEC facility provides the capability for cooling of machinery related to the OTEC facility.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

According to United States Department of Energy calculations, a pipe 0.3 m in diameter can pump as much as 0.08 cubic meters of water per second.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

If 6 oC of cold water is capable of being pumped by an OTEC facility, it can be used to cool large buildings.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

If the system operates for 8000 hours and local electricity is sold for 5-10 cents per kWh, then it will save electricity bills from 200,000 to 400,000 dollars per year.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

The InterContinental Resort and Thalasso-Spa on the island of Bora Bora use OTEC to condition the air inside buildings [7] by passing seawater to hot peukar, cooling fresh water.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

This fresh water is then pumped into the building to cool the air.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Aquaculture The OTEC system has the ability to pump large amounts of deep water seawater.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Such seawater contains nutrients necessary for aquaculture.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Salmon and lobster cultivation is highly dependent on nutrients from the deep sea, so this is very potential to develop.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

The cold water can also be used to regulate the water temperature of the cultivation pond and cool the cultivation.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Crop cultivation Cold water pumped from the deep sea or cold water that already passes through the heat exchanger can be used for other purposes, such as cooling the environment (planting medium and air) inside the plant house used to grow temperate climate crops.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Cold water that has passed through the heat exchanger still has a temperature of 7 oC, both in closed cycle and open cycle.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Desalination OTEC open cycle and hybrid systems can be induced for desalination.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Condensation water is fresh water without marine minerals that can be used as drinking water or near-shore agricultural irrigation.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Mineral extraction Since long ago it was known that seawater contains a lot of dissolved minerals that can be utilized [8], for example, magnesium, but the high cost of pumping compared to the result makes the activity not take place massively.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

With the OTEC facility, deep seawater mineral extraction can be carried out while producing electricity.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Hydrogen production can be produced by electrolysis using OTEC generated electricity.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Seawater has electrolyte ions capable of increasing the electrolysis efficiency of water to produce hydrogen gas.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Barriers Degradation of heat exchanger ability due to dissolved gases Degradation of heat exchanger ability due to microbes Intight closure - this is important because OTEC works at low pressure.


Question: Has Indonesia done Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

Thermal energy conversion of oceans

Increased pressure can lead to reduced power plant performance The old compressor can take on excess energy - this may result in the total net energy generated reduced Reference Links Outside Category:Energy conversion


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Part of a series onMuhammad Life in Mecca Migration to Medina Life in Medina Farewell Pilgrimage Milestones and records Career First revelation Military career Diplomatic career Conquest of Mecca Hadith Miracles Quran Isra and Mi'raj Splitting of the moon Miracles of Muhammad Views Jews Christians Succession Event of Ghadir Khumm Hadith (Pen and Paper) Saqifah Ahl al-Bayt Sahaba History Praise Durood Naat Mawlid Islamic Perspectives Muhammad and the Bible Jewish Medieval Christian Historicity Criticism Related Mosque of the Prophet Possessions Relics Islamportalvt the moon (Arabic: انشقاق القمر, submission: Inshaqqal qamar) is a miracle attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. [2]


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

It derives from Qur'anic verses, and is mentioned by Muslim traditions such as Asbab al-nuzul (context of revelation) Most Muslim commentators interpret the incident as a literal split on the moon, while some others identify it as an event that would occur in judgement day or optical illusion.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Early traditions in favor of literal interpretation were transmitted on the authority of Muhammad's companions such as Ibn Abbas, Anas bin Malik, Abdullah bin Mas'ud and others. [3] [4] According to MuslimindiaAbdullah scholar Yusuf Ali, the moon would split again as judgement day approached.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

He said that the verses may also have an allegorical meaning, that is, the matter has become as clear as the moon. [5]


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

The verses of the Koran were part of a debate between medieval Muslim theologians and Muslim philosophers on the issue of the unworthiness of the heavenly body.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

In 2010, NASA Lunar Science Institute (NLSI) scientists, named Brad Bailey, said “There is no current scientific evidence reporting that the Moon ever split into two parts (or more) and then reassembled at some point in the past.” [6]


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

The narrative was used by some later Muslims to convince others of Muhammad's prophethood. [7]


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

It has also inspired many Muslim poets, especially in India. [8]


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

The postulate of the Quranic Verse reads: اقتَرَبَتالسَح اعَوَانشَقَالقَمَروَإن يَرَوا آيَيَيَقَيَقوا سحيَقوا سحيَقوا سم حيَقوا سم حم حم محم محم مم مم ستَمزرThe time (judgment) was near, and the moon split apart apart.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

But if they see a Mark, they turn away, and say, “This is (but) temporary magic.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Early traditions and stories explain this verse as a miracle performed by Muhammad, following the request of some members of the Quraysh. [9] [10] Most Muslim commentators accept the authenticity of the tradition.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

The following verse 54:2, “But if they see a sign, they turn away, and say, 'This is (but) temporary magic'” is taken to support this view. [10]


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Classical commentator Ibn Katsir gave a list of early traditions mentioning the incident: A tradition transmitted on the authority of Anas bin Malik states that Muhammad divided the month after the Meccans asked for miracles.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Another tradition of Malik is transmitted through another chain of narratives, mentioning that the mountain of Nur is visible between the two halves of the moon (Mount Nur is located in the Hijaz.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Muslims believe that Muhammad received his first revelation from God in a cave on this mountain, Hira's Cave ').


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

The tradition told on the authority of Jubair bin Mut'im with one series of transmissions says that the two halves of the moon stand on two mountains.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

This tradition further states that the Meccans responded by saying “Muhammad has brought us by his magic...


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

If he can take us with magic, he won't be able to do it with everyone.”


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

The tradition transmitted to the authority of Ibn Abbas briefly mentions the incident and does not give many details. [3]


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

The tradition transmitted on the authority of Abdullah ibn Masud describes the incident thus: [3] [11] We together with the Messenger of Allah in Mina, the month was divided into two.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

One part of it is behind the mountain and the other is on the side of this mountain.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

The Messenger of Allah saw.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Tell us: Witness this The narrative was used by some Muslims later to convince others of Muhammad's prophethood.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Annemarie Schimmel for example quotes the following from the Muslim scholar Qadi Iyad who worked in the 12th century: [7] It has never been said of the people of the earth that the moon was observed that night in such a way that it could be said that it was not split.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Even if this had been reported from various places, so one would have to rule out the possibility that everyone was in agreement on a lie, however, we would not take this as evidence to the contrary, since the moon does not look the same way.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

By different people...


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

The eclipse is visible in one country but not in another; in one place it is total, in the other it is only partial.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Note in the manuscript In addition to the two postulates of naqli above, Professor Muhammad Hamidullah (1909-2002) in his book, Muhammad Messenger gave one separate account of this.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

He explained that in the British Museum, London, there is an old manuscript from India with parent number 2807/152-173 which tells that one of the kings of Malabar -southwest in India-, namely Chakrawati Farmas once saw the moon split in the time of the Messenger of Allah. [12]


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

He told people, until one day, a swarm of Muslim merchants who were about to go to China, but stopped first in Malabar.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

On hearing the story, the merchants assured that it was a miracle of the Messenger of Allah.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Eventually he went to the Messenger of Allah, and then converted to Islam.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

He went home, but alas, halfway, he was dead to pick up.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Then he was buried in a place called Thafar.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

The news then reached Malabar, and supposedly after that all the inhabitants converted to Islam and became the first area of India to convert to Islam. [12]


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Another perspective Al-Zamakhshari, a well-known commentator of the Koran, recognizes the lunar schism as one of Muhammad's wonders.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

But he also suggested that the dissolution could happen only on Judgment Day. [5]


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Muslim scholar Yusuf Ali gives three different interpretations to the verse.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

He argues that perhaps all three apply to the verse: The Moon once appeared split at the time of Muhammad to convince the unbelievers.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

It will split again when judgement day approaches (this is what the prophetic past is taken to indicate the future).


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Yusuf Ali attributed this incident to the disruption of the solar system mentioned in Lastly, he said that the verses could be metaphorical, meaning that the matter had become apparent like the moon. [13]


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Some dissenting commentators who do not accept the miracle narrative believe that the verse refers only to the separation of the months on the day of judgment. [10] [14] Likewise, M. A. S. Abdel Haleem writes: Arabic uses the past tense, as if the day were already here, to help readers/listeners imagine how it would be.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Some traditional commentators view that this describes actual events in the time of the Prophet, but this clearly refers to the end of the world. [15]


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Some Muslim scholars postulate and believe that an astronomical event (now known) must have occurred at the time, which makes it appear to observers as if the moon has split in two, since the phenomenon is also at least visible in India. [16]


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

One possible lunar event was a large asteroid hitting the moon, and the plume and debris from the strike blocked the moon's view enough to make it appear as if the Moon had split in two.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

A second possibility could be a celestial body passing between Earth and the Moon and blocking part of the lunar surface for a short time.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

In addition, in light of the verse handed down at the time, the word “Saa'at” also means spiritual revolution, so the event also symbolizes the end of Pagan Arab culture and religion who used the Moon as their symbol or month of adoration.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Gods.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Western historians such as A. J. Wensinck and Denis Gril, reject the historicity of such miracles on the grounds that the Koran itself denies miracles, in their traditional sense, with respect to Muhammad. [8] [17] The debate about the immovability of the heavenly bodies of the Qur'an is part of the debate between medieval Muslim theologians and Muslim philosophers on the issue of the unworthiness of the heavenly body.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

Philosophers argue that nature consists of four fundamental elements: earth, air, fire, and water.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

But these philosophers argued that the composition of celestial bodies was different.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

This belief is based on the observation that the motion of heavenly bodies, unlike terrestrial objects, is circular and without any beginning or end.


Question: When does NASA stand up?

The nextness of the moon

The appearance of eternity in this heavenly body, led philosophers to conclude that the heavens were inviolable.