Question: How many members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

The sale price of this team was €88 million, several million more expensive than the money Spyker had spent on the team. [5]


Question: How many members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

After Mallya took over the team, he then still retained some important staff from Spyker to run the team, including Michiel Mol, Colin Kolles, and Mike Gascoyne.


Question: How many members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Mallya later changed the name of the team to Force India which simultaneously made his team the first Indian team in F1 despite his base base in England.


Question: How many members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

2000s Formula 1 history Former Spyker driver Adrian Sutil was successfully retained for the 2008 season after previously barely having been taken by McLaren to replace Fernando Alonso.


Question: How many members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Teams then begin a search for drivers who will be placed in the remaining seats plus test driver seats.


Question: How many members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Indian drivers Narain Karthikeyan and Karun Chandhok were routed to fill the second seat along with former Jordan, Williams, Toyota driver Ralf Schumacher and Renault driver Giancarlo Fisichella. [6].


Question: How many members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

In November 2007 the team invited Vitantonio Liuzzi, Christian Klien and former Spyker test drivers Giedo van der Garde and Roldan Rodriguez to take the winter test with Sutil. [7]


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Two Italiano, Giancarlo Fisichella (ex-Renault F1) and Vitantonio Liuzzi (ex-Red Bull Racing) later entered respectively as a racer (Fission) and test racer (Liuzzi) for the 2008 season.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Force India then used the Spyker F8-VII chassis in the first part of the 2008 season. [8]


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

The team at that time used engines from Ferrari as per the remaining contract from Spyker in 2007, with an agreement until the 2010 season. [9]


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Spyker's former sponsor, Etihad Airways has a contract with the team until 2009 and has yet to announce the change in approval.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Force India later announced that it would pass on manufacturing its own chassis. [10]


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

The team's journey in the F1 event began in Australia 2008.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Both Force India cars failed to finish in its maiden race.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

After that a series of bad results continued to color the team, even though in Bahrain the team finally managed to record a double finish even in the back position.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

The golden chance of grabbing points came in Monaco when Adrian Sutil drove in the P4 during the race.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

It's a pity that his chance was after he was bumped into Kimi Raikkonen's Ferrari F2008 car which lost control due to brake blong.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Sutil broke down in tears upon arrival at the garage as a result of the incident.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

In Valencia, the team introduced a new transmission system that is seamless-shift transmission, but the team also announced that they would only focus more towards the new car for 2009.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Force India finished in P10 of the 2008 standings with 0 points.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

For the 2009 season VJM02 was introduced to the public on March 1.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

In the season, Force India wore engines from Mercedes-Benz after signing a contract for 5 years.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

This contract included gearboxes from McLaren-Mercedes, hydraulic systems, and KERS.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Force India also kept its racing position as in 2008.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Force India's first point almost got at the wet race at the Chinese GP, through Adrian Sutil who was 6th ahead of Lewis Hamilton and Timo Glock if only he had not been twisted off the track, so he could not continue the race.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

At the German GP, Adrian Sutil was 7th in qualifying, but at the time of the race, he crashed into Kimi Raikkonen on the pit exit and had to pit again due to damage to the front wing, Adrian Sutil was only able to finish in 15th position.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

At the Belgian GP, Giancarlo Fisichella got his first pole position for Force India.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

During the race he finished in 2nd place behind Kimi Raikkonen due to losing fast on the straight track especially the Scuderia Ferrari team was one of the KERS wearers at the time.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

This was the first points and podium for Force India and Fisichella.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

After racing brilliantly in the Belgian GP, Fisichella then moved to Ferrari as a replacement driver, he replaced Luca Badoer.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Lapse a few days after Fisichella moved, Vitantonio Liuzzi was set as Fisichella's replacement until the end of the season.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

At the Italian GP, Sutil was 2nd at qualifying, and finished Race in 4th place, this was their 2nd points in the season.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

At the end of the season, Force India was in 9th place in the standings with 13 points, one rank above Scuderia Toro Rosso. 2010s Facing the 2010 season, Force India released the VJM03 car introduced on 27 November 2009.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

In this season, Adrian Sutil and Vitantonio Liuzzi remained Force India's main drivers [11].


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Whereas, Paul di Resta became a reserve driver.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

In the 2010 season, Force India immediately recorded points at the Bahrain GP through Vitantonio Liuzzi.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Sutil actually had a good position in Bahrain, but failed because of an incident involved with Robert Kubica.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Sutil then recorded his maiden points for the 2010 season as he finished P5 in Malaysia.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

He also briefly scored consecutive points from Spain to England, while Liuzzi was only able to score two P9 finishes in Monaco and Canada.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Nearing the end of the season, Sutil was only able to score one point finish, which was during a P9 finish in Singapore, followed by then P6 Liuzzi in South Korea which became the team's last points for 2010.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

The team finished in P7 standings with 68 points.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

For the 2011 season, VJM04 was introduced on 8 February 2011 [12].


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

This car was announced through the media of the internet (online).


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Adrian Sutil and Paul di Resta were the lead drivers, and Nico Hulkenberg became the reserve rider.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Kingfisher Partnership, also owned by Vijay Mallya is the main sponsor of this team.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

In 2008, which was the team's first year, several other sponsors also participated including ICICI Bank, Medion, Kanyan Capital, Reebok and Reliance Industries Limited. [13]


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

All sponsors, except ICICI Bank and Kanyan Capital, continued their partnership in the 2009 season with several new sponsors including AVG Technologies, Airbus and Whyte & Mackay.


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

December 2009, Computational Research Laboratories (CRL), owned by Tata Sons, worked with the Force India team to develop Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology. [14]


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Force India was also assisted by EADS and McLaren for technological development and other things that reek of technical. [15]


Question: What are the members of the Force India F1 team?

Force India

Team Structure Current Squad Former Team Employees Famous Drivers Reference Outside links Category:Indian F1 Teams Category:Formula One Constructors Category:Preliminary Grade Article Stubs Formula One Category:Companies Founded in 2008


Question: What is Africa's distance to China?

South Africa's relations with China

For an article on South Africa-Taiwan relations, see South Africa's Relations with Taiwan.


Question: What is Africa's distance to China?

South Africa's relations with China

The relationship of the People's Republic of China with South Africa refers to the historical and current relationship between the People's Republic of China (RRT) and the Republic of South Africa.


Question: What is Africa's distance to China?

South Africa's relations with China

In 2010, China became South Africa's largest trading partner. [1]


Question: What is Africa's distance to China?

South Africa's relations with China

Since 2007, China's relationship with South Africa has increased with increasing trade, policy and political relations. [2] [3] In the 2010 Beijing Declaration, South Africa was upgraded to the diplomatic status of Stategis Comprehensive Partner by the Chinese government. [4]


Question: What is Africa's distance to China?

South Africa's relations with China

Other events In May 2016, the South African Fisheries Department stated that as many as nine Chinese-owned vessels sailing into South African waters were accused of illegal fishing.


Question: What is Africa's distance to China?

South Africa's relations with China

The ships initially agreed to come to port for inspections but stopped halfway and escaped from South African patrol boats. [5]


Question: What is Africa's distance to China?

South Africa's relations with China

The nine vessels are part of a fleet of 28 Chinese vessels accused by local citizens of fishing ilehal at a distance of 3 kilometers from South African waters by capturing fish during the annual sardine stream. [6] [7] China South African Reference Library list, People's Republic of South Africa


Question: which country uses the most fossil fuels?

Fossil fuels

Fossil fuels or mineral fuels, are natural resources containing hydrocarbons such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas.


Question: which country uses the most fossil fuels?

Fossil fuels

The use of fossil fuels has driven industrial development and replaced windmills, hydropower, and also burning wood or peats for heat.


Question: which country uses the most fossil fuels?

Fossil fuels

When generating electricity, energy from burning fossil fuels is often used to drive turbines.


Question: which country uses the most fossil fuels?

Fossil fuels

Old generators often use steam generated from combustion to rotate turbines, but in new power plants gas from combustion is used to rotate gas turbines directly.


Question: which country uses the most fossil fuels?

Fossil fuels

The burning of fossil fuels by humans is a major source of carbon dioxide which is one of the greenhouse gases believed to cause global warming.


Question: which country uses the most fossil fuels?

Fossil fuels

A small amount of hydrocarbon fuel is a bio fuel obtained from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and therefore does not add carbon dioxide in the air.


Question: which country uses the most fossil fuels?

Fossil fuels

See also Fossil Outside links Category:Fuels Category:Geology


Question: What are the number of volcanoes located in the Padang Panjang area?

Mount Marapi

Mount Marapi (also known as Merapi or Volcano) is a volcano located in West Sumatra, Indonesia.


Question: What are the number of volcanoes located in the Padang Panjang area?

Mount Marapi

This mountain is classified as the most active mountain in Sumatra.


Question: What are the number of volcanoes located in the Padang Panjang area?

Mount Marapi

It is located within the administrative area of Agam District.


Question: What are the number of volcanoes located in the Padang Panjang area?

Mount Marapi

The mountain can also be seen from Bukittinggi city, Padangpanjang city and Tanah Datar district and has an elevation of 2,891 m.


Question: What are the number of volcanoes located in the Padang Panjang area?

Mount Marapi

Mount Marapi has erupted more than 50 times since the end of the 18th century [1].


Question: What are the number of volcanoes located in the Padang Panjang area?

Mount Marapi

Eruption records On September 8, 1830 it was reported that Mount Marapi let out a cloud in the form of a blackish-gray cauliflower with a thickness of 1,500 m above its crater, accompanied by a rumbling sound [3].


Question: What are the number of volcanoes located in the Padang Panjang area?

Mount Marapi

On 30 April 1979, according to press reports mentioned 60 people killed by eruption of Mount Marapi and also mentioned 19 rescue workers trapped by landslides.


Question: What are the number of volcanoes located in the Padang Panjang area?

Mount Marapi

The eruption was said to also remove rocks and mud that caused at least damage to five areas of local residential areas [3].


Question: What are the number of volcanoes located in the Padang Panjang area?

Mount Marapi

Entering the end of 2011 to the beginning of 2014, Mount Marapi revealed its increased activity through eruptions that spouted ash and black clouds.


Question: What are the number of volcanoes located in the Padang Panjang area?

Mount Marapi

Once at the end of 2011 ash bursts carried by kilos of wind up to reach Padang Pariaman Regency.


Question: What are the number of volcanoes located in the Padang Panjang area?

Mount Marapi

On February 26, 2014, Mount Marapi erupted at 16:15pm, releasing sand, tefra, and volcanic ash material into the Tanah Datar and Agam Regency areas.


Question: What are the number of volcanoes located in the Padang Panjang area?

Mount Marapi

The status of the mountain is set Alert (level 2) and a radius of 3 km from the center of the crater must be emptied.


Question: What are the number of volcanoes located in the Padang Panjang area?

Mount Marapi

There was no evacuation at this eruption.


Question: What are the number of volcanoes located in the Padang Panjang area?

Mount Marapi

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Question: What are the number of volcanoes located in the Padang Panjang area?

Mount Marapi

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Question: What are the number of volcanoes located in the Padang Panjang area?

Mount Marapi

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Question: What are the number of volcanoes located in the Padang Panjang area?

Mount Marapi

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What are the number of volcanoes located in the Padang Panjang area?

Mount Marapi

Category:Mountains in West Sumatra Category:Volcanoes in West Sumatra


Question: who created Macromedia Authorware?

Macromedia

Macromedia is a software company engaged in graphics and web development.


Question: who created Macromedia Authorware?

Macromedia

The company was founded in 1992 and has grown rapidly in the 1990s and 2000s. In December 2005 Macromedia acquired one of its rival companies, Adobe Systems, but Adobe in the meantime this still remained using the Macromedia name on a number of its programs.


Question: who created Macromedia Authorware?

Macromedia

Macromedia was founded in 1992 through a merger between Authorware Inc. (the Authorware maker company) and Macromind-Paracomp (Macromind Directors' making company).


Question: who created Macromedia Authorware?

Macromedia

Until the mid-1990s, Macromedia Director used to produce CD-ROMs and information kiosks was still Macromedia's flagship product, but as the popularity of the World Wide Web Macromedia created Shockwave, a Director plugin for web browsers as well as on In 1996 acquired two web-oriented companies, FutureWave Software (which made FutureSplash Animator — which later evolved into Flash) and iBand Software (maker of HTML authoring software — which was used as the basis for developing Dreamweaver).


Question: who created Macromedia Authorware?

Macromedia

In 2001 Macromedia acquired Allaire, which developed ColdFusion before ultimately in 2005 Macromedia itself was bought by Adobe.


Question: who created Macromedia Authorware?

Macromedia

Macromedia Macromedia Director Macromedia Dreamweaver programs (create websites) Macromedia Fireworks Macromedia Flash (create animations and web applications) Macromedia Freehand (create vector images) Macromedia Studio Macromedia Contribute Macromedia Homesite Macromedia Breeze Macromedia FlashPaper Macromedia ColdFusion Macromedia Contribute Publishing Server Macromedia Flash Media Server Macromedia Flash Remoting MX Macromedia JRun Macromedia Authorware Macromedia RoboHelp Macromedia RoboInfo Macromedia FlashCast Macromedia Flash Lite (for mobile communication devices) Macromedia Flash Player for Pocket PC (for PDA) Macromedia Flash Player SDK Outside Category:Software companies Category:Companies traded in NASDAQ Category:Companies founded in 1992 Category:Macromedia Software


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED (shortened to Gundam SEED) or Kidou Senshi Gundam Shiido is one of the Gundam anime set in the Cosmic Era.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

The anime, totaling 50 episodes, was created by Bandai Visual and Sunrise Inc. and aired in Japan since 2002 on MBS, TBS, and Animax, while in Indonesia, it was aired by Indosiar in around 2004 from September 4, 2004 to August 13, 2005, and is now screened again on the same television station on Sundays at 6:00, beginning on June 11, 2006 to finish on Sunday May 20, 2007.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

As of 2011, MNCTV will premiere the anime.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Since 2016, NET. and WakuWaku Japan will be airing the anime.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

The plot of the Gundam SEED storyline is a storyline that is actually quite simple, but as many characters are involved, it becomes quite complicated to follow.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

The story begins in the year of Cosmic Era 70, when the war between Earth Alliance/Omni Enforcer) and PLANT (ZAFT) culminates as a result of an attack by Earth forces against a PLANT, Junius Seven using nuclear warheads.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Earth is the place where humans are born without genetic modification, called Natural, while PLANT is the place of life of humans born with genetic modification, called Coordinator.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

So, it's actually a war referred to as the Bloody Valentine War (Chi no Valentine/First Bloody Valentine War) is a war between Natural and Coordinator.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

As with other Gundam series, there are several robots that become “main characters” (other than humans), which can be piloted by humans (Natural or Coordinator can ride them), which is referred to as Mobile Suit.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

The ZAFT (military organization of extraterrestrial colonies), which consists of people who have genes modified so that they have smarter brains, stronger physique, and have no congenital diseases, have many mobile suits.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

While, Earth forces have fighter aircraft only, which is referred to as Mobile Armor.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

The story begins with the theft of several prototypes of a mobile suit developed by Earth warriors by ZAFT forces, which is secretly carried out inside a space colony owned by the Orb's neutral state, Heliopolis.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Heliopolis has a factory called Morganraete Inc., which is capable of producing many combat devices as well as heavy devices, although they are not used for combat.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Mobile Suit produced by the Earth forces, also called G-Armament: G, stands for Genesis or can also mean Genocide [1], because indeed all mobile suits (totaling 5 prototypes) start with code G, namely GAT-X102 Duel Gundam, GAT-X103 Buster Gundam, GAT-X105 Strike Gundam, GAT-X207 Blitz Gundam, as well as GAT-X303 Aegis Gundam.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

All prototypes of such mobile suits use an operating system called “General Unilateral NEuro-link Dispersive Autonomic Maneuver Synthesis System”, which the main character in this story (Kira Yamato), shortened to Gundam.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

The mobile suit's physique is finished and perfect, but not with its operating system still in the development stage.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

This is where the story begins.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Characters Some characters inside the Gundam SEED world are as follows: Earth Alliance Party/Omni Enforcer: Kira Yamato (pilot of GAT-X105 Strike Gundam, pilot of ZMGF-X10A Freedom Gundam, Archangel crew) Kira Yamato is a coordinator and taciturn, since the events of the ZAFT attack in Heliopolis.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

For him to fight is to protect friends, no matter whoever the enemy is.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

And if he fails, he will cry the truth.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Initially, Kira the Coordinator was not so welcome in Archangel (because indeed the conditions of war between Natural and Coordinator were not possible), but his ability to use the GAT-X105 Strike Gundam may have been wrong—one reason he was left to join that OMNI fighter.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

He is on good terms with Athrun Zala, but becomes an enemy when they meet as Aegis and Strike pilots.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

The quarrel heats up even more when Kira accidentally kills Nicol Amalfi, Athrun's best friend as well as his junior.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

When Strike is destroyed by Aegis, he is rescued by Lacus Clyne and cared for in a space colony (PLANT) after being taken in by Reverend Malchio.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Kira has a special relationship with Fllay Alster, without knowing that she is only being used to kill all her enemies in the form of Coordinators.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Murrue Ramius (the captain of the Archangel, Natural, defected to the Orb) a highly disciplined and brisk Captain of the Archangel in conditions of danger, but very good-natured and friendly outside of those conditions.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Murrue looks more like a mother to the Archangel crew who are the majority of whom are still teenagers.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Murrue has a special relationship with Mu La Flaga, but only for some time their relationship is clearly visible.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

The events of JOSH-A have opened his eyes, he decides that the Archangel will retreat from the battlefield and further join the Orb.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Presumably there is a bit of competition in some ways with Natarle Badrgiruel.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Mu La Flaga (Moebius Zero Mobile Armor pilot, GAT-X105 Strike Gundam pilot, Archangel crew, defected to Orb, Natural) This 'Easy going' and cheerful commander is already like a senior brother to Kira, but forget that he is already in the cockpit of a combat vehicle.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Mwu has great abilities that, according to the Coordinators, are too great for Natural.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Mwu had a special relationship with his superior, Murrue Ramius.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Mwu is probably the bringer of cheerfulness for Murrue, who is sometimes stressed in performing his duties.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Mwu was killed when restraining Lohengrin from the Dominion which Azrael was shooting to protect the Archangel with Strike Gundam who was in a critical state after a duel with Le Creuset who was using the ZGMF-X13A Providence Gundam.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Flay Allster (crew of the Archangel, being the crew of the Dominion, Natural) This fearful girl takes a grudge on the Coordinator, as they attack the civilian ship causing her father, George Allster, to be killed.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Initially, for him Kira was just a 'toy' or bodyguard to him.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

But as time goes on, he instead becomes increasingly attached to Kira.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

This ex-boyfriend of Sai Argyle is actually just scared, fearing death.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

He always longed for the one who could protect him, one might be Kira.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

In the end, he was able to round off his own resolve before the moment of his death.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Natarle Badgiruel (vice captain of the Archangel, became captain of Dominion, Natural) Vice captain of the Archangel sometimes even looks more assertive and hard than Murrue himself, no matter it is wrong in conscience, he still carries out his duties.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

After Archangel is rumored to be lost in the events of the destruction of the JOSH-A military base in Alaska, Natarle departs with Multa Azrael towards a military base on the moon and joins Archangel's twin Ship, Dominion.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Natarle is caught up in a difficult decision upon discovering Archangel is an ally of the Orb, an enemy of the OMNI.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

In such situations he often pitted mouth with Azrael who in his status was Natarle's superior.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Natarle is presumably jealous of the relationship between Mwu and Murrue, but her own attitude makes it difficult to show her feelings.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Sai Argyle (Archangel crew, Helopolis/Orb Citizens, Natural) Flay Allster's girlfriend, presumably he was in shock when he found out that Flay liked Kira.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Miriallia Haww (Archangel crew, Heliopolis/Orb Residents, as CIC/Combat Information Center, Natural) Tolle Koenig (Archangel crew, Natural, Heliopolis/Orb Residents, died as a result of being hit by Athrun Zala's GAT-X303 Aegis Gundam shield while boarding an FX-550 Sky Grasper fighter plane) Kuzzey Buskirk ( Archangel's crew, Natural, withdraws from Archangel when Orb is attacked by Earth Alliance) One of Heliopolis' civilians (and Kira Yamato's friend) who enrolls himself into Archangel, as the Combat Information Center (CIC).


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

At the beginning of the Gundam SEED story, Kuzzey lives peacefully in Heliopolis with all of his family, and his friends (Kira, Tolle, Miriallia, and Ssigh).


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

But his quiet life is interrupted when the colony where it dwells is attacked by ZAFT forces to steal the mobile suit belonging to Earth Alliance secretly developed there.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

When Kira became the pilot of the GAT-X105 Strike Gundam, Kuzzey and his friends helped Archangel become a workstation operator there.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

He is a person who lacks confidence and sometimes impresses a coward, especially when there is an attack on the Archangel.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Finally, after the Archangel exits the Earth Alliance, he is out of the Archangel, although Orb, his own country, is attacked by Earth Alliance forces.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Kojiro Murdoch (Archangel crew, chief mechanic of the Archangel, defected to Orb, Natural) Kojiro Murdoch is a very expert mechanic, and acts as the chief engineer inside the Archangel who is tasked to supply the batteries for the mobile suit and of course the damage of the Archangel due to enemy attacks.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

This person, being old age, has fatherly figures.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

He also often joked to reduce the tension that occurred as a result of the unfolding war, let alone when the Archangel was attacked by the enemy.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

He was also impressed protective of the war devices contained within the Archangel (particularly the FX-550 Skygrasper), and often scolded the inexperienced who drove it (such as Tolle Koenig or Cagalli Yula Athha).


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Jacky Tonomura (Archangel crew, defected to Orb, Natural) Arnold Neumann (Archangel crew, defected to Orb, pilot Archangel, Natural) Is the person responsible for piloting the Archangel.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

By the time the second war got under way, he was again again an Archangel pilot.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Dalida Lolaha Chandra II (Archangel crew, defected to Orb, Natural) Chandra teamed up with Ssigh Argyle inside the Archangel into the Combat Information Center (CIC), to set up one of the workstations inside.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

In addition, he was also responsible for organizing the volunteers willing to help the Archangel.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Multa Azrael (Leader of Blue Cosmos, Dominion crew, Natural) Leader of the anti-coordinator group, Blue Cosmos.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Killed killed alongside Natarle Badgiruel aboard Dominion warship Clotho Buer (Dominion crew, GAT-X370 Raider Gundam pilot, Natural/Extended) Shani Andras (Dominion crew, GAT-X252 Forbidden Gundam pilot, Natural/Extended) Orga Sabnak (Dominion crew, GAT-X131 Calamity Gundam pilot, Natural/Extended) ZAFT party: Athrun Zala (GAT-X303 Aegis Gundam pilot, ZMGF-X09A Justice Gundam pilot, ZAFT Red Jas troops, defected to Orb, Coordinator) Athrun who looks cooler, even more 'hot' than Kira.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Athrun fights with the purpose of serving the country, and may take revenge for the destruction of Junius Seven who killed his mother, Lenora Zala.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

This best friend of Kira is immediately enraged when he finds out Kira is siding with the earth forces, and moments after Nicol Amalfi's death, he kills Tolle Koenig and angers Kira.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Her own status was Lacus Clyne's fiancé, and they planned to be married.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

But this relationship seems to look casual and more like a best friend, even Athrun is not jealous of seeing Lacus' closeness with Kira.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Athrun has instead been fond of Cagalli Yula Attha ever since.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Aisha (ZAFT vice captain, Andrew Waltfeld's girlfriend, Coordinator) Andrew Waltfeld (ZAFT captain, TMF/A-803 LaGowe pilot, became captain of the ship Eternal as well as defected to Orb after seizing the ship Eternal and defeated Kira Yamato, Coordinator) Nicknamed as “Desert Tiger “(の) because of his skill in using a mobile suit that is in the shape of a tiger.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Dearka Elsman (GAT-X103 Buster Gundam pilot, defected to Orb, ZAFT Red Jas troops, Coordinator) Martin DaCosta (Andrew Waltfeld's trust troops, ZAFT green suit troops, Coordinator) Lacus Clyne (not ZAFT troops, Coordinator, defected to Orb after seizing Eternal ship) This girl is a pop diva, Siegel's daughter Clyne (founder of the Zodiac Alliance, in conjunction with Patrick Zala), and Athrun Zala's fiancée.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Always fight in the name of peace and try to bring this war to an end.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Plain and innocent, sometimes unable to distinguish friends and 'special persons'.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Arguably, the influence has been very strong for PLANT.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Despite being Athrun Zala's fiancée, Lacus instead takes a liking to Kira, and always tries to treat Kira's heart wounds from war.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Lacus is also the one who indirectly tells Kira who the Enemy is really and they must fight.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Lacus betrays ZAFT by delivering the ZGMF-X10A Freedom Gundam on Kira and stealing Eternal's gunship.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Nicol Amalfi (pilot of GAT-X207 Blitz Gundam, ZAFT Red Jas troops, died slashed by Sword Strike Gundam, Coordinator) Miguel Aiman (friend Athrun Zala, Dearka Elthman, Yzak Jule and Nicol Amalfi, Coordinator) Patrick Zala (President ZAFT, father Athrun Zala, Coordinator) Rau Le Creuset (captain) ZAFT, main enemy, pilot ZGMF-X13A Providence Gundam, Cloned of Al-Da Flaga (father of Mu la Flaga)) Yzak Jule (GAT-X102 Duel Gundam pilot, ZAFT Red Jas troops, Coordinator) Orb Party: Ledonir Kisaka (bodyguard Cagalli Yula Athha, became captain Kusanagi, Natural) Was a military officer, who was a man of the Tatsil tribe who was helped by the Archangel while fighting in the desert in fighting Andrew Waltfeld who was still the captain of ZAFT.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Cagalli Yula Athha (adopted daughter of the leader of the Orb, being the vice-captain of Kusanagi, Kira Yamato's twin sister, Natural) This tomboyish and hard girl has great hopes in ending the war in her own way, she always wants to be able to feel useful and be able to help others, even He won't be able to do it.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Having a high sense of self-confidence and incredible courage for a girl her age, caring less about looks.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

It took an interest in Kira, but it may end when she learns the truth that she is not Uzumi's child and she is Kira's twin.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Furthermore, As the relationship between figures develops, Cagalli looks more reserved and wise, but his confidence and recklessness nothing changes.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Subsequently, he takes a liking to Athrun Zala.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Erica Simmons (research leader in Morgan Raete, Coordinator) An engineer working at Morganraete, responsible for developing several Mobile Suits, including the Earth Alliance's G Armament (Strike, Duel, Buster, Aegis and Blitz) and MBF-M1 M1 Astray.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Although he is a Coordinator, he hides this.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

He failed in developing an operating system that permitted Natural to use the mobile suit as well as the Coordinator, until the arrival of Kira Yamato and Archangel who helped him improve the performance of that operating system, for the M1 Astray.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

After Strike was destroyed by his Aegis self-destructure function, he then reconstructed Strike, but using the operating system created by him, until Strike could be used by Natural and then Mwu La Fllaga was plunged into the pilot.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

He also made a Strike Rouge over Kusanagi before the war ended, by bringing together several spare-parts for later use by Cagalli Yula Athha.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

He was one of the people loyal to Cagalli and his father, Uzumi Nala Athha.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Uzumi Nala Athha (leader of the Orb, foster father of Cagalli Yula Athha, died after burning Orb, Natural) A very idealistic leader of the nation.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

In order to prevent Earth Alliance troops from obtaining Orb's mass driver, this guy is willing to lose his life by setting himself on fire and destroying mass drivers (he is afraid that if the mass driver is taken over by the enemy, the mass driver is used to dispatch a massive army to attack PLANT).


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

After destroying the Orb mass driver, the Earth Alliance forces did not attack the Orb again, because indeed the Earth Alliance forces wanted to have mass drivers, and alternatively, they also attacked the Victorian military base which also had mass drivers.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Asagi Caldwell (pilot of MBF-M1 Astray, Natural, Orb citizen) Leader of the M1 Astray squadron inside the space warship Kusanagi.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

He was also one of the test pilots of the M1 Astray, which used the natural operating system that Kira developed for the better.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

At the time of the end of the first Bloody Valentine war, 26 September CE 71, he was killed at Jachin Due.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Mayura Labatt (MBF-M1 M1 Astray pilot, Natural, Orb citizen) One of the pilots and pilots of the M1 Astray mobile suit testers inside the Kusanagi warship.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

At the time of the end of the first Bloody Valentine war, 26 September CE 71, he was killed by a ZMGF-600 Guaiz at Jachin Due.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Juri Wu Nien (pilot of MBF-M1 M1 Astray, Natural, Orb citizen) One of the pilots and pilots of mobile suit M1 Astray testers inside the Kusanagi warship.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

At the time of the end of the first Bloody Valentine war, 26 September CE 71, he was killed by a GAT-01 Strike Dagger at Jachin Due.


Question: Who was the director in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory?

Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

Songs invoke invoke Footnotes Category:Gundam Seed


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia (/skɪts [invalid input: ''] ˈfrɛniə/ or /skɪts [invalid input: ''] ˈfriːniə/) is a mental disorder characterized by impaired thought processes and weak emotional responses. [1]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

This state is generally manifested in the form of auditory hallucinations, paranoid or odd waham, or chaotic ways of speaking and thinking, and is accompanied by significant social and occupational dysfunction.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Early symptoms usually appear in young adulthood, with a global lifespan prevalence of approximately 0.3% — 0.7%. [2]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Diagnosis is based on observation of the sufferer's reported behavior and experience.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Important contributing factors are genetic, early environment, neurobiology, as well as psychological conditions and social processes; some types of prescription and recreational drugs seem to be causes or conditions that exacerbate symptoms.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Current research is focused on the role of neurobiology, although none of the specific organic causes have been found.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The various combinations of possible symptoms have sparked debate as to whether a diagnosis represents a single disorder or several different symptoms.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Despite the etymology of the term derived from the roots of the Greek words skhizein (σχίωειν, “splitting”) and phrēn, phren- (φρήν, φρεν-; “memory”), schizophrenia is not the same as “split memory” and is not the same as dissociative identity disorder also known as “personality disorder dual” or “split personality"—a condition often interchangeable according to the perceptions of the wider public.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The mainstay treatment is treatment with antipsychotics that in general suppress the activity of dopamine (and sometimes serotonin).


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Psychotherapy and vocational and social rehabilitation are also important treatments.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

In more serious cases that involve risk to himself and others, it is necessary to carry out hospital treatment forcibly, although the length of treatment in the hospital is now shorter and not as frequent as the previous time. [3]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Chronic disorders and circumstances and comorbidities These disorders are generally thought to affect cognition, but will also usually contribute to chronic problems associated with mannerisms and emotions.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

A person suffering from schizophrenia usually also experiences (comorbid) conditions, including major depression and anxiety disorders; the emergence of abuse of certain compounds during life reaches 50%. [4]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Social problems, such as for example long-term unemployment, poverty and the state of homelessness, are common occurrences.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The average life expectancy of people suffering from this disorder is 12 to 15 years shorter than non-sufferers, which is the result of increased health problems and higher suicide rates (about 5%). [2]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Symptoms A person diagnosed with schizophrenia may experience hallucinations (most of them report hearing voices), waham (usually strange or ordinary), and impaired thinking and speech.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The latter can take the form of losing the order of thinking, to sentences whose meaning is less related, to the infusion known as messy words in more severe cases.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Withdrawing from the social environment, a messy way of dressing and not maintaining hygiene, and loss of motivation and consideration are common in schizophrenia. [5]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Usually it can be observed the presence of a pattern of emotional difficulties, as an example of the absence of a responsive nature. [6]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Impairments in social cognition are associated with schizophrenia, [7] likewise with symptoms of paranoia; social isolation in general appears. [8]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Difficulties in working and long-term memory, attention, executive roles, and speed to cultivate are also very common. [2]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

In one of the non-common subtypes, a person becomes very still, and either falls silent in very strange positions, or shows indistinct behavior, all these are symptoms of catatonia. [9]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

In late adolescence and early adulthood is the peak period for the onset of schizophrenia, [2] which is a critical year of social and vocational development in a young adult. [10]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

In 40% of males and 23% of females are diagnosed with schizophrenia, in which manifestations of this condition appear before the age of 19. [11]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

To suppress developmental disorders associated with schizophrenia, many studies have been conducted to identify and deal with the prodromal (before-cetera) phase of the disease, which has been detectable up to 30months before symptoms appear. [10]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Those who have undergone the development of schizophrenia experience temporary psychotic symptoms or resolves on their own [12] and nonspecific symptoms in the form of withdrawing from the environment, irritability, dysphoria, [13] and carelessness [14] during the prodromal phase.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Schneiderian classification In the early 20th century, a psychiatrist named Kurt Schneider made a list of psychotic symptoms that he thought could distinguish schizophrenia from other psychotic disorders.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

This list is called first-rank symptoms or Schneider's first-rank symptoms.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

These symptoms include waham being in control of an external force; belief that thoughts are inserted or out of the subconscious; belief that one's thoughts are emitted to others; and hearing hallucinatory sounds that comment about one's thoughts or attitudes or have a conversation with a hallucinatory voice. [15]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Although it has been significantly accounted for diagnostic criteria, the specificity of the first rank symptoms is still questionable.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

A review of diagnosis studies conducted between 1970 and 2005 found that they allowed for the absence of confirmation or denied Schneider's claims, and suggested that first-degree symptoms should not gain emphasis for the diagnosis system during upcoming. [16]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Positive and negative symptoms of Schizophrenia are generally described as positive and negative symptoms (or deficits). [17]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Positive symptoms are symptoms that are not experienced by most individuals normally but experienced by a schizophrenic.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

These circumstances include waham, chaotic thoughts and speech, and tactile, auditory, visual, olfactory and gustatory hallucinations, usually explained as manifestations of psychosis. [18]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Hallucinations are usually associated with waham themes. [19]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Positive symptoms generally give a favorable response with treatment. [19]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms are the presence of a deficit to normal emotional responses or other thought processes, and an unfavorable reaction to treatment. [5]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Symptoms in general include flat emotions or blunt effects, reticence (alogia), inability to experience pleasure (anhedonia), no desire to establish social (asocial) relationships, and low motivation (avolision).


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Research shows the presence of negative symptoms that contribute to poor quality of life, limited function, and burden on others compared to positive symptoms. [20]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

In sufferers with prominent negative symptoms often have a history of being less able to adjust before the disease appears, and response to treatment is usually limited. [5]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Causes A combination of genetic factors and environmental factors plays a role in the development of schizophrenia. [2]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

A person with a history of schizophrenia in the family suffering from transient psychosis or self-restriction has a 20— 40% chance of being diagnosed one year later. [21]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Genetics Estimates of heritability vary due to the difficulty in separating effects caused by genetic and environmental factors. [22]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The greatest risk of developing schizophrenia is the presence of a first-degree sibling relationship with the disease (the risk is 6.5%); more than 40% in monozygotic twins of schizophrenics are also affected.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

It seems that many genes are involved, every small part gives an effect and transmission and unknown expression.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Many causes have been put forward, including specific ones such as copy number variation, NOTCH4, and histone protein locus. [23]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

A number of everything that concerns the genome such as for example zinc finger protein 804A has also been linked. [24]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

There is significant overlap in the genetics of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. [25]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Assuming the existence of a hereditary basis, a question from revolutionary psychology is why genes that increase the likelihood of psychosis develop, assuming that this condition may be due to the presence of adaptation inequality from an evolutionary view.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

One theory implies the involvement of genes in the evolution of human language and natural nature, but until now such an idea remains a theory by nature. [26] [27] Environmental factors relate to the onset of schizophrenia among which is the environment of residence, use of the drug and stress of the gestation period. [2]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Parenting styles do not seem to exert a major influence, although sufferers who receive support from parents are doing better than sufferers with parents who like to criticise and be rude.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Living in an urbanized environment in childhood or adulthood consistently seems to raise the risk of schizophrenia twofold, [2] even after taking into account drug use factors, ethnic groups, and sizes of social groups. [28]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Other factors that play an important role include social isolation and immigration related to social hardship, racial discrimination, family dysfunction, unemployment, and poor housing conditions. [29]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Drug abuse A number of drugs are linked to the onset of schizophrenia, including canabis, cocaine, and amphetamines.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

About some schizophrenics are excessive users of drugs and/or alcohol. [30]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The role of kanabis may be a cause, [31] but other drugs can be used only as a way to overcome depression, anxiety, boredom, and a sense of loneliness. [30] [32] Addiction in the use of cannabis at high doses risks developing psychotic disorders [33] whose use is often correlated with twice the increased risk of psychosis and schizophrenia. [32] [34] Although cannabis use is accepted as a cause contributing to schizophrenia by many, [35] it remains controversial. [23] [36] Amphetamines, cocaine, and to some degree more low alcohol, can cause symptomatic psychosis very similar to schizophrenia. [37] [38] Although not generally believed to be a cause of illness, schizophrenics use nicotine with a much greater average than the population at large. [39]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Developmental factors Factors such as hypoxia and infection, or stress and malanutrition in the mother during fetal development, may result in a slight increased risk of schizophrenia later in life. [2]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

People diagnosed with schizophrenia are more often born during winter or spring (at least in the Northern Hemisphere) which may be the result of increased average exposure to the virus in the womb. [37]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

This difference is about 5 to 8%. [40]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Mechanism A number of attempts have been made to explain the relationship between altered brain function with schizophrenia. [2]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

One of the most common theories is the dopamine hypothesis which explains that psychosis is due to an incorrect interpretation of the mind to release from dopaminergic neurons. [2]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Psychological Many psychological mechanisms are involved in the growth and development of schizophrenia.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Cognitive biases have been identified in people diagnosed or at risk of schizophrenia, especially when in stressful circumstances or confusing situations. [41]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Some cognitive features may reflect global neurocognitive deficits such as memory loss, while some other features can relate to specific problems or experiences. [42] [43] Although the seeming appearance is the blunt of emotion, recent studies suggest that many individuals Diagnosed with schizophrenia have responsive emotions, in particular to stressful or negative stimulus, and that such sensitivity can lead to susceptibility to symptoms or disorders. [44] [45] Some evidence suggests that waham loads and psychotic experiences may reflect the emotional causes of the disorder, and how one interprets the experience may affect the symptomatology. [46] [47] [48] The use of “safe behavior” to avoid imaginative threats may contribute to the chronicle of waham. [49]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Further evidence of the role of psychological mechanisms dating from psychotherapeutic effects on schizophrenia symptoms. [50]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Neurological Schizophrenia is associated with vague differences in the structure of the brain, found in 40 to 50% of cases, and in the chemistry of the brain during acute psychotic states. [2]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Studies using neuropsychology tests and brain imaging technologies such as fMRI and PET to examine functional differences in brain activity have shown that differences seem to occur more frequently in parts of the frontal lobe, hippocampus and temporal lobes. [51]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Reduced brain volume, smaller than that found in Alzheimer's disease, has been reported in regions of the frontal cortex and temporal lobes.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

It is not yet clear whether this volumetric change was progressive or had existed before suffering the disease. [52]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

These differences are associated with neurocognitive deficits often associated with schizophrenia. [53]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Because neural circuits change, alternatively it has been proposed that schizophrenia should be considered as a composite of neurodevelopmental disorders. [54]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Particular attention is paid to the function of dopamine within the mesolimbic pathways of the brain.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

This focuses largely on the inadvertent discovery that drugs of the phenothiazine class, which inhibit dopamine function, can reduce psychotic symptoms.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

This is also corroborated by the fact that amphetamines, which trigger the release of dopamine, can amplify psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. [55]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The hypothesis of dopamine having a great effect on schizophrenia is put forward in the event that excessive activation of the D2 receptor is the cause (positive symptoms of) schizophrenia.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Although postulated for about 20 years based on the common inhibitory effects of D2 on all antipsychotic drugs, it was only in about the mid-1990s that PET and SPET imaging studies provided supporting evidence.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The dopamine hypothesis is now thought to be oversimplifying, in part because newer antipsychotic treatments (atypical antipsychotic treatment) can be just as effective as longer treatment (typical antipsychotic treatment), but also affect serotonin function and possibly has a slightly smaller dopamine inhibitory effect. [56]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Attention is also focused on glutamate neurotransmitters and the reduced function of glutamate receptor NMDA in schizophrenia, largely due to the unnaturally low levels of glutamate receptors found in postoperative brains in people diagnosed with schizophrenia, [57] and the discovery of glutamate-inhibiting drugs such as phencyclidine and ketamine can mimic the symptoms and cognitive problems associated with the condition. [58]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Reduced glutamate function is associated with poor performance on tests requiring frontal lobe and hippocampus function, and glutamate can affect dopamine function, both of which result in schizophrenia, suggesting an important role in linking (and possibly causing) glutamate pathways under those conditions. [59]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

But the positive symptoms failed to respond to glutaminergic treatment. [60]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The diagnosis of Schizophrenia is diagnosed based on criteria from the American Psychiatric Association's guide Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the DSM-IV-TR version, or from the World Health Organization International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, namely ICD- 10. [2]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

This criterion uses the sufferer's self-service experience and reported behavioral disorders, which are then followed by a clinical assessment by a mental health professional.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Symptoms associated with schizophrenia take place in a unitary set within the population and must reach a degree of severity before diagnosis is established. [37]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Until 2009 there has been no objective test. [2]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

ICD-10 criteria are commonly used in European countries, while DSM-IV-TR criteria are used in the United States and the rest of the world, and are often used in research studies.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The ICD-10 criterion places emphasis on Schneiderian first-rank symptoms.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

In practice, the agreement between the two systems is high. [61]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

According to the revised fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), in order to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, three diagnostic criteria must be met: [62] Characteristic symptoms: Two or more of the following symptoms, each presenting with frequent frequency over a period of one month (or less, if symptoms are reduced due to treatment).


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Waham Hallucinations Irregular speech, which is a manifestation of formal thinking disorder Abusive disordered behavior (for example, unsuitable dressing, frequent crying) or catatonic behavior Negative symptoms: The blunt of emotions (lack of or refusing to give an emotional response), alogia (lack or rejection of speech), or avolision (less or rejecting motivation) If waham is judged strange, or hallucinations include hearing one voice participating in continuous commentary to the patient's actions or hearing two or more voices conversing with each other Other, only the above symptoms are necessary.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Irregular speech criteria are only met if it is severe enough to substantially interfere with communication.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Social or occupational dysfunction: During a significant time since the onset of the disorder, one or more functioning areas such as work, interpersonal relationships, or self-care, become very low compared to the level reached before the disorder.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Significant duration: Continuous signs of impairment persist for at least six months.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

This six-month period should include at least one month of symptoms (or less, if symptoms are reduced due to treatment).


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

If signs of the disorder are seen for more than a month but less than six months, the diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder is applied. [62]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Psychotic symptoms lasting for less than a month can be diagnosed as a brief psychotic disorder, and various conditions can be classified as other unclassified psychotic disorders.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia cannot be diagnosed if symptoms of mood disorder are substantially present (although schizoaffective disorder can be diagnosed), or if symptoms of pervasive developmental disorder are present unless prominent waham or hallucinations are also present, or if symptoms are physiological outcomes directly from a common medical condition or substance, such as drug abuse or medication.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The DSM-IV-TR subtype contains five subclassifications of schizophrenia, although the developers of the DSM-5 recommend that this subclassification be omitted from the new classification: [63] [64] Paranoid type: There are auditory waham or hallucinations, but no thought disorders, behaviors that do not regular, or affective puffiness.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Waham that exists is a waham of torture and/or waham of greatness, but in addition, there may also be other themes such as jealousy, religiosity, or somatization.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

(DSM code 295.3/ICD code F20.0) Irregular type: Named hebefrenic schizophrenia in ICD.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Thought disorders and affective puffiness are present simultaneously.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

(DSM code 295.1/ICD code F20.1) Catatonic type: The subject may be barely able to move or manifest agitated movements without cause.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Symptoms can include catatonic stupor and wax flexibility.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

(DSM code 295.2/ICD code F20.2) Undistinguished type: Psychotic symptoms are present but criteria for paranoid, irregular or catatonic type have not been met.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

(DSM code 295.9/ICD code F20.3) Residual type: Positive symptoms present only in low intensity.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

(DSM Code 295.6/ICD code F20.5) ICD-10 criteria provide two additional subtypes: [64] Postcarizophrenic depression: Depressive episodes that occur after schizophrenic illness, which is when some mild symptoms of schizophrenia may still be found.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

(ICD code F20.4) Simple schizophrenia: Negative and dominant symptoms develop slowly and progressively with no history of psychotic episodes. (ICD code F20.6) Differential diagnosis Psychotic symptoms can be found in several other mental disorders, including bipolar disorder, [65] borderline/border personality disorder, [66] drug intoxication and drug-triggered psychosis.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Waham (“non-bizarre”/not strange) is also found in waham disorder, and withdrawing from the social environment in social anxiety disorder, avoidance anxiety disorder and schizotypic personality disorder.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is often found in conjunction with obsessive-compusive disorder (OCD) and is quite meaningful compared to what can occur purely coincidentally, although it is difficult to distinguish between the obsession that occurs in OCD with schizophrenia. [67]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Further general physical and neurological examination is required to rule out diseases that can sometimes cause schizophrenia-like psychotic symptoms, [62] such as metabolic disorders, systemic infections, syphilis, HIV infection, epilepsy, and brain lesions.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The possibility of delirium needs to be excluded, which can be distinguished through visual hallucinations, acute onset, and rising and falling levels of consciousness, and signal the presence of an underlying medical illness.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Investigations usually do not need to be repeated for relapses, unless there are specific medical indications or possible side effects from antipsychotic drugs.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Prevention has not been concluded there is no evidence of the effectiveness of early intervention to prevent schizophrenia. [68]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Although there is evidence that early intervention in people with psychotic episodes can improve short-term outcomes, there is little benefit from this effort after five years. [2]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Attempts to prevent schizophrenia in the prodromal/early phase have not yet clear the benefits and therefore since 2009 are not recommended. [69]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Prevention is difficult because there is no reliable sign for the occurrence of the disease later. [70]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

However, some cases of schizophrenia can be delayed or may be prevented by preventing the use of cannabis, particularly in adolescents. [71]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

A person with a history of schizophrenia in the family may be more susceptible to cannabis-triggered psychosis. [35]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

And, one study found that cannabis-triggered psychotic disorders were followed by the occurrence of persistent psychotic conditions in about half of cases. [72]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Theoretical research continues on possible strategies that can lower schizophrenia incidence rates.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

One approach seeks to understand what happens at the genetic and neurological level that can lead to disease, so that biomedical interventions can be developed.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

However, the manifold and varied genetic effects, each on a small scale, that interact with the environment, make this difficult.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Another possibility, public health strategies can selectively address socioeconomic factors associated with higher incidence rates of schizophrenia in some groups, for example related to immigration, ethnicity, or poverty.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Population-scale strategies can provide services to ensure safe pregnancies and healthy growth, including in areas of psychological development such as social intelligence.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

However, there is insufficient evidence to implement such an idea for now, and a number of broader issues are indeed not specific to schizophrenia. [73] [74] The main procedure for schizophrenia is antipsychotic drugs, often accompanied by psychological and social support. [2]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Hospital treatment may be performed for multiple episodes either voluntarily or (if permitted by mental health legislation) outside the will.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Long-term care in hospitals has been rare since out-of-institution care began in the 1950s, although it still occurs. [3]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Community support services including daily day care, visits by community mental health team members, job support [75] and support groups are widely found.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Some evidence suggests that regular exercise has a positive effect on the physical and mental health of people with schizophrenia. [76]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Treatment The first-line psychiatric treatment for schizophrenia is antipsychotic drugs, [77] which can reduce the positive symptoms of psychosis in about 7-14 days.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

However, antipsychotic drugs fail to relieve negative symptoms and cognitive impairment meaningfully. [78] [79] Long-term use lowers the risk of relapse. [80]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The choice of antipsychotic drugs used is based on benefits, risks, and costs. [2]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

It is still debated which is better between the class of typical antipsychotic drugs or atypical antipsychotics. [81]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Both have drug break and symptom recurrence rates when typical medications are used at low to moderate doses. [82]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Good response was found in 40— 50%, partial response at 30— 40%, and resistance to treatment (failing to show a satisfactory symptom response after six weeks of treatment using two or three different antipsychotic drugs) in 20% of people. [78]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Klozapin is an effective treatment for those who do not show a good treatment response to other drugs, but has the potential for severe side effects namely agranulocytosis (decreased white blood cell count) at 1— 4%. [2] [37] [83] Based on consideration of side effects, antipsychotic drugs Typical have higher extrapyramidal effects, whereas atypical drugs cause meaningful weight gain, diabetes, and risk of metabolic syndrome. [82]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Atypical drugs have fewer extrapyramidal side effects, but the difference is not large. [84]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Some atypical drugs such as quetiapine and risperidon were linked to a higher risk of death compared to typical antipsychotic drugs perfenazine, whereas clozapin was associated with a lower risk of death. [85]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

It is not yet clear whether newer antipsychotic drugs lower the likelihood of occurrence of neuroleptic malignancy syndrome, a rare but severe neurological disorder. [86]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

For people who are not willing or unlikely to take the drug regularly, may be used dosage forms of long-acting antipsychotic drugs depot to control the disease. [87]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

These medications lower the risk of increase to a heavier degree compared to taking medications. [80]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

When used in conjunction with psychosocial interventions, it can improve long-term adherence to treatment. [87]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Psychosocial A number of psychosocial interventions can be beneficial for schizophrenia, among them: family therapy, [88] assertive community treatment, job support, cognitive remediation, [89] skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), behavior modification interventions, and interventions psychosocial for substance use and weight regulation. [90]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Family therapy or education, which deals with the entire family system of an individual, can reduce recurrence and hospital treatment. [88]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

There has not been much evidence on the effectiveness of CBT in both alleviating symptoms and preventing recurrence. [91] [92] Art or drama therapy has not been widely researched. [93] [94] The forward prognosis/likelihood of Schizophrenia having enormous individual and economic impacts. [2]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

This disease leads to a decrease in life expectancy by 12—15years, mainly due to its links to obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking, with increasing suicide rates playing a smaller role. [2]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

This difference in life expectancy increased between the 1970s to the 1990s, [95] and between the 1990s to the first decade of the 21st century did not change meaningfully in the health system with the open access to health care (Finland). [85]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a frequent cause of disability, with active psychosis ranking third as the most disability-causing condition after quadriplegia/paralysis of all four arms and limbs and dementia, above paraplegia/paralysis of both limbs and blindness. [96]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

About three-quarters of people with schizophrenia experience persistent disabilities with relapses (relapses). [78]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Some people recover fully and others can function properly in society. [97]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The vast majority of people with schizophrenia live independently with community support. [2]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

In people with a first episode of psychosis, good long-term outcomes were found in 42%, moderate outcomes at 35%, and poor outcomes in 27%. [98]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Recovery outcomes for schizophrenia appear to be better in developing than in developed countries. [99]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

However, this conclusion is questionable. [100] [101] The rate of schizophrenia-related suicides is higher than average.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

It was mentioned that this figure amounted to 10%, but recent analyses of various studies and statistics revised the estimate to 4.9%, most often occurring during the period after the onset or first treatment in the hospital. [102]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Several times (20 to 40%) attempted suicide at least once. [103] [104] There are various risk factors, among them male sex, depression, and high intelligence quotient. [103]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

A strong association between schizophrenia and smoking has been shown in studies around the world. [105] [106] Cigarette use is very high among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, it is estimated that approximately 80% to 90% of sufferers are routine smokers, compared to 20% general population. [106]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Those who smoke are likely to be heavy smokers, and plus they consume cigarettes with high nicotine content. [104]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Some evidence suggests that paranoid schizophrenia may have better prospects than other types of schizophrenia of being able to live independently and perform work functions. [107]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The epidemiology of Schizophrenia affects approximately 0.3—0, 7% of people at some point in their lives, [2] or 24million people worldwide accounting for in 2011. [108]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The disease appears 1.4ttimes more often among men than women and usually appears earlier among men [37] —the peak age of the initial attack is 20—28 years for men and 26-32 years for women. [109]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Early attacks in childhood are extremely rare, [110] and so are early attacks in middle and old age. [111]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

While it is well known that schizophrenia appears at similar rates worldwide, its prevalence varies worldwide, [112] within countries, [113] and at local and regional levels. [114]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

It causes roughly 1% of years lived with disability adjustments worldwide. [37]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Rates of schizophrenia vary up to threefold depending on how the disease is defined. [2]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

History Historical records regarding syndromes similar to schizophrenia are rarely found before the 19th century, although reports regarding irrational, incomprehensible or uncontrollable behavior are commonly found.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

A detailed case report in 1797 concerning James Tilly Matthews, and notes by Phillipe Pinel published of 1809, are often considered to be the earliest cases of the disease in the medical and psychiatric literature. [115]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia was first described as a distinct syndrome affecting adolescents and young adults by Bénédict Morel in 1853, called démence précoce (literally meaning 'early dementia').


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The term dementia praekoks was used in 1891 by Arnold Pick in a case report regarding psychotic disorders.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

In 1893 Emil Kraepelin introduced a broad new distinction in the classification of mental disorders between praekox dementia and mood disorder (which is called manic depression and includes also unipolar and bipolar depression).


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Kraepelin believes that in the beginning praekox dementia was a brain disease, [116] and a particular kind of dementia, which is distinguished from other types of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease that usually appear later in life. [117]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The word schizophrenic which translates roughly to “cleavage of the mind” and is derived from the basic Greek words schizein (σχίωειν, “splitting”) and phrēn, phren- (φρήν, φρεν-, “mind”) [118] —popularized by Eugen Bleuler in 1908 and intended to describe the separation of functions between personality, thinking, memory, and perception.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Bleuler describes its main symptoms as 4 A's: Flat “Affection”, Autism, “Idea Association” disorder and Ambivalence. [119]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Bleuler realized that the disease was not dementia, as some of his patients improved their circumstances, instead of worsening, so he submitted a schizophrenic term for that disease.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Treatment was radically altered in the mid-1950s with the development and introduction of chlorpromazine. [120]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

As early as the 1970s, diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia aroused a number of controversies that eventually resulted in the operational criteria being used now.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

After the conduct of the 1971 US-UK Diagnostic Study, it became clear that schizophrenia was diagnosed far more in America than in Europe. [121]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

This is partly due to looser diagnostic criteria in the US, which uses the DSM-II manual, in contrast to Europe and its ICD-9.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

A 1972 study by David Rosenhan's, published in the journal Science under the title "Being sane in insane places “, concluded that the diagnosis of schizophrenia in the US is often subjective and unreliable. [122]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

These were some of the factors that led to revisions in not only the diagnosis of schizophrenia, but also the revision of the entire DSM manual, which resulted in the publication of the DSM-III in 1980. [123]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The term schizophrenia is usually misunderstood as a sufferer who has a “split personality”.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Although some people diagnosed with schizophrenia may hear voices and may experience voices as different personalities, schizophrenia does not involve a person transforming into a different compound personality.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Confusion arose, partly due to the literal interpretation of the term schizophrenia according to Bleuler (Bleuler originally associated Schizophrenia with dissociation and included split personalities in his Schizophrenia category [124] [125]).


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Dissociative identity disorder (having a “split personality”) is also often misdiagnosed as Schizophrenia based on loose criteria in the DSM-II. [125] [126] The first known incorrect use of the meaning of schizophrenia as a “split personality” is in an article by poet T. S. Eliot in 1933. [127]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Society and culture In 2002, the term schizophrenia in Japan was changed from Seishin-Bunretsu-Byō 神( disease of the split mind) to Tōgō-shitchō-shō (integration disorder) to lower stigma. [128]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The new name was inspired by a biopsychosocial model; the percentage of patients diagnosed with the disease increased from 37% to 70% within 3 years. [129]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

In the United States, schizophrenia care costs including direct costs (outpatient, inpatient, medication, and long-term care) and non-health care costs (law enforcement, declining workplace productivity, and unemployment) were estimated at $62.7 billion in 2002. [130]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The book and film “A Beautiful Mind” depict the life history of John Forbes Nash, a Nobel Prize-winning mathematician who was diagnosed with schizophrenia.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Social stigma has been identified as a major obstacle to healing patients suffering from schizophrenia. [131] [132] Violence Individuals suffering from severe mental illness including schizophrenia have a much greater risk of becoming victims of crimes involving violence as well as non-violent. [133]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

On the other hand, schizophrenia is sometimes associated with higher acts of violence, although this is mainly due to higher use of drugs. [134]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The homicide rate attributed to psychosis is the same as that attributed to drug abuse, and parallel to the overall rate in that region. [135]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

The role that schizophrenia holds in violence without drug abuse is controversial, but specific aspects in an individual's history or mental state could be the triggering factors. [136]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Media coverage relating to schizophrenia tends to revolve around rare but unusual acts of violence.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

What's more, in a large representative sample of 1999 penitentiaries, 12.8% of Americans believed that individuals suffering from schizophrenia had a “very high propensity” to commit violence against others, and 48.1% said that schizophrenics were “predisposed” to do that.


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

More than 74% argued that schizophrenics “not so could” or “could not at all” take decisions related to their treatment, and 70.2% argued the same in relation to financial management decisions. [137]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Perceptions of individuals with psychosis as rude/brutal have doubled in preservation since the 1950s, according to the results of one meta-analysis. [138]


Question: When did Schizophrenia begin to be discovered?

Schizophrenia

Reference Outlinks at Curlie Category:Psychosis


Question: Does a midfielder function in football?

Midfielder (soccer)

A midfielder is a central player (Midfielder) in a football match, who is between an attacking player and a defender.


Question: Does a midfielder function in football?

Midfielder (soccer)

Their main function is to gain and keep possession of the ball, as well as giving the ball to the attackers.


Question: Does a midfielder function in football?

Midfielder (soccer)

But there are also midfielders whose job is more defensive, and others whose position is almost like an attacker.


Question: Does a midfielder function in football?

Midfielder (soccer)

A midfielder has important tasks: receiving the ball aimed forward, defending or tackling an opposing player, scoring or helping to create a goal, so they are often considered the most important members of a team.


Question: Does a midfielder function in football?

Midfielder (soccer)

Most specialize in a craftsmanship or something else.


Question: Does a midfielder function in football?

Midfielder (soccer)

Midfielders usually spend the most effort in a match because of the distance they travel on a pitch.


Question: Does a midfielder function in football?

Midfielder (soccer)

Midfielder Position Attack midfielders are players who are tasked with assisting the attack, his main task is to support the attackers with sniper passes.


Question: Does a midfielder function in football?

Midfielder (soccer)

Attacking midfielders are the team's attack motor and are expected to have high techniques to support their duties.


Question: Does a midfielder function in football?

Midfielder (soccer)

Defensive midfielder Defensive midfielder is a player who is positioned in front of the back player to support the defensive line by holding the pace of the ball in midfield and keeping the opposing player so that the opponent is not free to attack.


Question: Does a midfielder function in football?

Midfielder (soccer)

Wing midfielder This position is a midfielder who plays a role on the side of the pitch.


Question: Does a midfielder function in football?

Midfielder (soccer)

It usually splashes the side of the pitch and gives a cross to the attacker.


Question: Does a midfielder function in football?

Midfielder (soccer)

Playmaker This player is the organizer of the game in the team, which is more often set the flow of the attack.


Question: Does a midfielder function in football?

Midfielder (soccer)

But not all of them are attacking midfielders, since Andrea Pirlo was placed as a defensive midfielder (deep-playmaker), this position has become more varied.


Question: Does a midfielder function in football?

Midfielder (soccer)

Renowned midfielder Andres Iniesta Xavi Hernandez Arjen Robben Andrea Pirlo Zinedine Zidane Steven Gerrard Thomas Muller Kaka Mario Gotze Wesley Sneijder Evan Dimas Patrick Vieira David Beckham Bastian Schweinsteiger Robert Pires Gareth Bale Michael Ballack Frank Lampard Luis Figo Ryan Giggs Angel Maria Ronaldinho Luka Modrić Shinji Kagawa Paul Scholes Park Ji-Sung Landon Donovan Shunsuke Nakamura David Silva Eden Hazard Cesc Fàbregas Xabi Alonso Marco Reus See also Football Goalkeeper Defender Attacker Sports FIFA Soccer Category:Football terms


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

My capital

Modalku is a financial technology startup company engaged in peer-to-peer lending and based in Jakarta, Indonesia. [1]