Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Kurfürstendamm is where some of Berlin's luxury shops with the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church located in the eastern end section on Breitscheidplatz.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

This church was destroyed during World War II and today remains its nipples only.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Near Tauentzienstraße is KaDeWe, the largest shopping spree in the European continental region.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Rathaus Schöneberg, wherein former president of the United States John F. Kennedy gave a speech “Ich bin ein Berliner!” , located in Tempelhof-Schöneberg.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Schloss Bellevue is the home of the President of Germany.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Schloss Charlottenburg, which was burned during World War II and destroyed, was rebuilt and when it became the largest historical palace in Berlin.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Funkturm Berlin is a 150m (490ft) high radio tower built between 1924-1926.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

It is the only tower standing on insulators and has a restaurant 55m (180ft) above ground with an observation deck 126m (413ft) above ground, which can be reached via a glass lift.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Main attractions Brandenburg Gate TV Tower Berlin (Fernsehturm) Reichstag Building Dome Reichstag (inside) Berlin Cathedral (Dom) Cathedral of Saint Hedwig Mosque Şehitlik Island Museum Rotes Rathaus (Red Ballaikota) New Synagogue Gendarmenmarkt Unter den Linden Potsdamer Platz Inside Sony Center Alexanderplatz Pariser Platz with Brandenburg Gate Berlin Victory Tower in Tiergarten Panorama Großer Tiergarten Memorial Church Palace Charlottenburg Bellevue Palace Zoological Park Berlin Olympic Stadium Kurfürstendamm (shopping mall) Oberbaum Bridge One section of the Wall Berlin Kaufhaus des Westens Berliner Philharmonie Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe Museum Pergamon Haus der Kulturen der Welt Alte Nationalgalerie Zoofenster Economy In 2009, the GDP growth of the city of Berlin was 1.7% (Germany -3.5%) with a value of €90.1 (~$117) billion. [48]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The city's economy is mostly supported by the service sector, with 80% of the companies in the city working in the service sector.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The city's disbursement rate stood at 12.7% in September 2011 (Germany 6.6%). [49]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin's rapidly growing sectors include communication (information technology, media, music, advertising, design); science (biotechnology, environment, medicine); and transportation. [50]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Berlin-Adlershof Science and Business Park is included in the 15 largest technology parks in the world.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Development and research have had a significant impact on the city.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Berlin-Brandenburg region is also among the top three innovative regions in the European Union. [51]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Companies Many German and international domestic companies have businesses or service centers in this city.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

For several years the city was known for a major hub for budding businesses. [52]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In 2015, Berlin generated the largest venture capital for startups in Europe. [53]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Siemens, a Fortune Global 500 company and one of 30 German DAX companies, is based in Berlin.


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Berlin

The state railway company, Deutsche Bahn, is also headquartered in Berlin. [54]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin also has a number of rail technology companies and is the headquarters of Bombardier Transportation, [55] Siemens Mobility, [56] Stadler Rail and Thales Transportation. [57]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Employment providers with the most employees include the City Government of Berlin, Deutsche Bahn, Charité and Vivantes (health services), BVG (transportation), and Deutsche Telekom.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Daimler AG produces cars and BMW Motorrad manufactures motors here.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Bayer Health Care and Berlin Chemie (medicine).


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Berlin

Berlin Tourism has 781 hotels with a total of more than 125,000 beds, as of June 2012. [58]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The city set a record 9.1 million hotel visitors in 2010. [19]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin is visited by around 135 million people a year, making the city the third most popular destination in the European Union.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin is also the world's top exhibition city and houses Europe's largest convention center, the Internationales Congress Centrum (ICC). [17]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Major trade fairs organized in the city include IFA, Grüne Woche (“Green Week”), InnoTrans, Artforum and ITB so as to attract visiting business people to this city.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Creative industries Creative and entertainment industries working in the field of entertainment and arts are also supporting the city's economy.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

These creative industries include film music, advertising, art, design, fashion, performance art, software, [59] TV, radio, and video games.


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Berlin

Some 22,600 companies working on this field generate roughly 18.6 billion euros.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin's creative industries contribute to 20% of the city's rough domestic income (2005 data). [60]


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Berlin

In 2014 about 30,500 creative companies operated in the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan area, mostly SMEs.


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Berlin

Earns 15.6 billion euros and 6% of all private sales.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The cultural industry also grew by an average of 5.5% per year between 2009-2014. [61]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin is an important city for the German and European film industries. [62]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The city has more than 1000 film and television companies, 270 cinemas.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

About 300 national and international films are filmed in the region each year. [51]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The historic Babelsberg Studio and UFA are located in the Berlin suburban town of Potsdam.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The city is also host of the German Film Academy and the European Film Academy.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Media Berlin is home to a number of magazines, newspapers, books, and academic/scientific publishers.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In addition there are 20 news agencies and 90 daily newspapers, as well as 22 national publications such as Der Spiegel and Die Zeit.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

So, many international journalists, bloggers, and writers live in this city.


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Berlin

Berlin is a prime location for a number of regional and international television and radio stations. [63]


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Berlin

General broadcasts of RBB, MTV Europe, VIVA, and N24 are headquartered here.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

General German international broadcast Deutsche Welle has a production unit in Berlin and most German national broadcasts have studios in the city, such as ZDF and RTL.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin has a number of Germany's largest daily newspapers such as Berliner Morgenpost, Berliner Zeitung, Der Tagesspiegel, also tabloids such as Die Welt, Neues Deutschland, and Die Tageszeitung.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The monthly magazine Exberliner is an English-language magazine and La Gazette de Berlin is a French-language newspaper.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin is also the headquarters of a number of major German-language publishing houses such as Walter de Gruyter, Springer, Ullstein Verlagsgruppe, Suhrkamp and Cornelsen.


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Berlin

The Transport Transport Infrastructure in Berlin is complex, consisting of a wide variety of modes of transport. [64]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In total there are 979 bridges with a total length of more than 197km.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

There are 5,334 kilometers (3,314 mi) of road existing in the city, with 73km of them being expressways (“Autobahn”). [51]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In 2006, 1.416million vehicles were registered in the city. [65]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

With 358 cars per 1000 inhabitants (2008 data) (570/1000 for Germany), Berlin as a state and one of the main cities in Europe has the lowest number of cars per capita. [66]


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Berlin

Long-distance rail lines connect Berlin with all major cities in Germany and other cities in neighboring countries.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Regional trains connect the city to the perimeter of Brandenburg and to the Baltic Sea states.


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Berlin

Berlin Hauptbahnhof is the largest railway station in Europe. [67]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Deutsche Bahn runs trains to several domestic destinations such as Hamburg, Munich, Cologne and other cities, as well as airport express trains.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe and Deutsche Bahn manage the city's public transport system. [68]


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Berlin

Berlin Airport has 2 commercial airports.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin Tegel Airport (TXL), still within the city, and Schönefeld Airport, are located in the southeastern part of the city in the state of Brandenburg.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

These two airports handled a total of 24 million passengers in 2011.


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Berlin

In 2011, 88 airlines served 164 destinations in 54 countries from Berlin. [70]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Tegel Airport is the main link for Lufthansa, while Schönefeld is widely used by low-cost airlines such as easyJet.


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Berlin

Berlin Brandenburg Airport (BER) will operate replacing Tegel and Schönefeld as Berlin's main commercial airports. [71]


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Berlin

Planned to open in 2011, the opening of the airport was postponed several times due to construction mismanagement and technical difficulties. [72]


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Berlin

As of Janari 2013, it is still unknown when the new airport will be operated. [73]


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Berlin

Bicycle Berlin is famous for having a very good bike path system. [74]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

It is estimated that the city has 710 bicycles every 1000 inhabitants.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

About 500,000 cyclists each day contributed to about 13% of total traffic in 2009. [75]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Cyclists have access to 620km of bike paths, divided into 150km of bicycle paths, 190km of off-road bike routes, 60km of on-road bike paths, 70km of bus lanes usable by cyclists, 100km of pedestrian/cyclists, and 50km of bicycle paths marked on sidewalks. [76]


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Berlin

Energy Energy of the city is provided by Swedish company Vattenfall, which uses lignite as the main fuel.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Because burning lignite produces toxic emissions, Vattenfall announced that it will replace other, more environmentally friendly sources. [77]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In the days of the former West Berlin, electricity was supplied by thermal power.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

To provide additional energy during peak loads, accumulators were installed on these thermal generators in the 1980s. This accumulator will fill when energy consumption decreases and wear when the load peaks.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin Health has a long history in medicine and medical technology. [78]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Some of the history of medicine was influenced by scientists from Berlin, for example Rudolf Virchow discovered pathological cells and Robert Koch who invented vaccines for anthrax, cholera, and tuberculosis. [79]


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Berlin

The Charité hospital complex is the largest university hospital in Europe that has existed since 1710.


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Berlin

The Charité area is in 4 places and a total of 3,300 beds, 14,000 staff, 8,000 students, with revenues of over 1 billion euros per year. [80]


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Berlin

In Berlin there is also the German Heart Center, a well-known transplant center; the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and the Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics.


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Berlin

The research of the institution is assisted by the research departments of large companies such as Siemens, Schering and Debis.


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Berlin

Demographics On December 31, 2011, the city of Berlin had 3.5 million registered residents [82] on an area of 891.82km2 (344.33sqmi). [69]


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The population density of the town is 3,848 persons per km² (9,966/sqmi).


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The urban area of the city widens to the extent of the city and has a population of about 3.7 million people, while the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan area is about 4.5 million people on an area of 5,370km2 (2,070sqmi).


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Berlin

Berlin is the largest populated city and the ninth largest urbanized area in the European Union. [2]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

National and international migration to this city has a very long history.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In 1685, with the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in France, the city also issued the Edict of Potsdam granting religious freedom and taxes for French Huguenot refugees for 10 years.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Greater Berlin Act of 1920 included many suburbs around Berlin, as the city increased from 66km2 (25sqmi) to 883km2 (341sqmi) and the city's population from 1.9 million to 4 million people.


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Berlin

In December 2010, 457,806 residents (13.5% of the population) were foreign nationals of 190 countries. [83]


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Berlin

The largest foreign nationals include Turkey (104,556), Poland (40,988), Serbia (19,230), Italy (15,842), Russia (15,332), France (13,262), Vietnam (13,199), United States (12,733), Bosnia and Herzegovina (10,198), Great Britain (10,191), Croatia (10,104), Bulgaria (9,994) 88), Greece (9,301), and Austria (9,246). [83]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

An estimated 394,000 residents (12.2%) are citizens of international migrant descent and have either become German citizens or acquired citizenship due to being born in Germany. [84]


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Berlin

So, 25-30% of the city's population comes from outside. [85]


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Berlin

The Berlin Senate estimates that the population of the city of Berlin will be 3.75 million inhabitants by 2030.


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Berlin

The largest population growth was in grades 6-18 years.


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The average lifespan of the population will also increase to 44 years due to increased life expectancy. [82]


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Berlin

International community in December 2013, 538,729 residents (15.3%) of foreign nationalities from 180 different countries. [83]


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Berlin

Others estimated that 460,000 citizens in 2013 were descendants of migrants and became German citizens by volunteering or granted citizenship by being born in Germany. [86]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In 2008, approximately 25% — 30% of residents are of foreign origin. [85] 45% of residents under 18 years of age are of foreign descent. [87]


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Berlin

Berlin is estimated to have 100,000-250,000 unregistered residents. [88]


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Berlin

There are more than 25 foreign communities with a population of at least 10,000 people, including from Turkey, Poland, Russia, Lebanon, Palestine, Serbia, Italy, Bosnia, Vietnam, America, Romania, Bulgaria, China, Austria, Ghana, Ukraine, France, Britain, Spain, Israel, Thailand, Iran, Egypt, and Syria.


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Berlin

The most widely spoken foreign languages in Berlin are Turkish, English, Russian, Arabic, Polish, Kurdish, Vietnamese, Serbian, Croatian, and French.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Turkish, Arabic, Kurdish, Serbian and Croatian languages are widely heard in the west as many middle eastern and former Yugoslav communities.


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Berlin

English, Vietnamese, Russian, and Polish are more widely heard in east Berlin. [89]


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Berlin

Religion More than 60% of Berlin's residents are not religious and make the city the Atheist Capital of Europe. [90]


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Berlin

The largest religions according to 2010 data were Lutheran and Evangelical Protestantism (18.7%), [91] then Roman Catholic with 9.1% of residents. [91]


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Berlin

About 2.7% of the inhabitants were other Christian (mainly Eastern Orthodox Church) [92] and 8.1% were Muslim. [93] 0.9% of residents were miscellaneous religions. [94]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin has 76 mosques, 11 synagogues, and 2 Buddhist temples.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The city also has several atheism groups.


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Berlin

Education Berlin has 878 schools teaching 340,658 children in 13,727 classes and 56,787 trainees. [51]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The city has a 6-year primary education program.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

After finishing primary school, students can then proceed to Sekundarschule (comprehensive school) or Gymnasium (university preparatory school).


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin has a special bilingual school program called “Europaschule”.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In this school, children will be taught on the basis of the curriculum in German and with other foreign languages, from primary school to secondary school.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

There are 9 major European languages to choose from in 29 schools. [95]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Französisches Gymnasium Berlin, founded in 1689 to serve the education of Huguenot refugee children, uses German/French as an introduction. [96]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The John F. Kennedy School, a German-American bilingual public school, heavily educates the children of diplomats and expatriates from English-speaking countries.


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Berlin

There are also 4 schools (“Humanistische Gymnasien”) that teach Latin and Ancient Greek.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Two of them are state schools (Steglitzer Gymnasium in Steglitz and Goethe-Gymnasium in Wilmersdorf), one Protestant school (Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster in Wilmersdorf), and one Jesuit school (Canisius-Kolleg in Tiergarten).


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Higher education The capital area of Berlin-Brandenburg is one of the centers of higher education and research in the European Union.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The city has 4 universities and 27 colleges (Hochschulen) offering a wide variety of courses. [97]


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Berlin

There were 135,327 students enrolled in 31 universities and colleges in the 2008/09 school year. [98]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The three largest universities have pupil numbers of roughly 100,000 people.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The three are Humboldt Universität zu Berlin with 35,000 students, Freie Universität Berlin with 35,000 students and Technische Universität Berlin with 30,000 students.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Universität der Künste has about 4,000 students and the Berlin School of Economics and Law has about 9,000 students.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The city also has many research institutions, among others the Fraunhofer Institute, the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Saintifical Community and the Max Planck Institute.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In total there are 62,000 researchers working in the field of research and development. [51]\ In addition to the existing libraries in the universities, the Berlin State Library is the main research library.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Its main locations are near Potsdamer Platz on Potsdamer Straße and Unter den Linden.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In addition there are 108 public libraries in the city. [51]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Research City has many research institutions, such as the Fraunhofer Society, the Leibniz Association and the Max Planck Society, all of which are independent or simply connected to their own universities.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In 2008, 62,000 scientists worked in research and development in the city. [51]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin is one of the knowledge and innovation centers of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT). [99]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

One of the major research and technology centers in Europe is located at WISTA in Berlin-Adlershof, there are about 1,000 connected companies and 16 scientific institutions. [100]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In addition there is also the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin which plays the role of the main research library.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Its two main locations are in Potsdamer Straße and Unter den Linden.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

There are 86 public libraries in the town. [51]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

ResearchGate, a global social networking site for scientists, is headquartered in Berlin.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin's culture is known for its many cultural institutions, many of which are of international repute. [20] [101] Diversity and excitement make for a good atmosphere. [102]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

A variety of performing arts, music, and dance flourished in the 21st century.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Young people, international artists, and entrepreneurs live in the city and make the city a popular entertainment hub in the world. [103]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The city's growing cultural performances were demonstrated with the move of the Universal Music Group which moved its headquarters to the banks of the Spree River. [104]


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Berlin

In 2005, Berlin was awarded the title “City of Design” by UNESCO. [18]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Galleries and museums As of 2011, Berlin is the home of 138 museums and more than 400 art galleries. [51] [105] Museumsinsel is included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the northern part of Spress Island between Spree and Kupfergraben. [20]


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Berlin

In 1841 there was already a “district devoted to art and antiquities” by a royal edict.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Altes Museum is located in area/city Lustgarten.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Neues Museum, [106] Alte Nationalgalerie, Pergamon Museum, and Bode Museum are also there.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In addition to the Museumsinsel, there are many more museums in the city.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Gemäldegalerie (Painting Gallery) focuses on 13th to 18th century painting, while the Neue Nationalgalerie (New National Gallery, built Ludwig Mies van der Rohe) focuses on 20th-century European painting.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Hamburger Bahnhof, located in Moabit, presents a collection of modern and contemporary art.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Museum of German History in Zeughaus presents the history of Germany for more than a millennium.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Bauhaus Archive is an architectural museum.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Jewish Museum has a wide collection of German Jewish history for 2 millennia. [107]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The German Museum of Technology in Kreuzberg has a number of collections of historic engineering artifacts.


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Berlin

Museum für Naturkunde shows natural history, located near Berlin Hauptbahnhof.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The museum has the world's largest collection of dinosaurs (a Giraffatitan).


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In addition, there are also still well-preserved specimens of Tyrannosaurus Rex and Archaeopteryx. [108]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In Dahlem, there are a number of museums of world culture and art, such as Museum of Asian Art, Museum of Ethnology, Museum of European Culture, also Allied Museum.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Brücke Museum presents a wide collection of works by early 20th century artists in the expressionist style.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In Lichtenberg, the former premises of the East German Ministry of State Security, there is the Stasi Museum.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The former site of Checkpoint Charlie, one of the famous border points of the Berlin Wall, is still well preserved.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The privately-run Checkpoint Charlie Museum shows comprehensive documentation of the various plans and strategies that people intending to escape from the East.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Beate Uhse Erotic Museum is claimed to be the largest erotic museum in the world. [109]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In the surroundings of Berlin there is also a lot of city street art. [110]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Street art has become an important part of the city's cultural heritage and has its roots from Kreuzberg graffiti in the 1980s. [111]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Berlin Wall itself has become one of the largest open canvases in the world. [112]


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Berlin

Its remnants were along the Spree River at Friedrichshain and are today the East Side Gallery.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin today is a city that consistently plays an important city for street art culture, [113] and is known for its unique visual appearance. [114]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Nightlife and festivals Nightlife in Berlin is one of the most diverse and soulful. [115]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Clubs are not required to close at specific times at weekends, and many parties last until the next day or throughout the weekend.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Gay culture in the city has a long history.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In fact, some authors say that the 1920s the city was one of the Gay Capitals of Europe.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In 1896 Berlin had its first gay magazine and the first demonstration of 1922. [116]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Now Berlin also has a lot of queer clubs and festivals.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The most famous are Berlin Pride, Christopher Street Day, [117] Lesbian and Gay City Festival in Berlin-Schöneberg, Kreuzberg Pride and Hustlaball.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Berlin International Film Festival (Berlinale) held annually siphons 500,000 visitors, making it one of the largest public film festivals in the world. [118] [119] Karneval der Kulturen (Cultural Carnival), a multi-ethnic street parade held every Pantecostal weekend. [120 ]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin is also known for its cultural festival Berliner Festspiele, which belongs to the JazzFest Berlin jazz festival.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Several media and technology festivals and conferences are also organized here, such as Transmediale and the Chaos Communication Congress.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin Festival is an annual festival focused on indie rock and electropop, part of Berlin Music Week. [121] [122] Every year the city also hosts the world's largest New Year's Eve commemoration, attended by one million people.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The main point is the Brandenburg Gate, where midnight fireworks are centered.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

All over the city there were also many people lighting fireworks and they celebrated with a glass of sparkling wine.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin's performing arts is home to 44 theatres and stages. [51]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Deutsches Theater in Mitte was built in 1849—50 and has been in continuous operation ever since.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Volksbühne in Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz was built 1913—14.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Berliner Ensemble, famous for performing works by Bertolt Brecht, was founded in 1949.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Schaubühne was founded 1962 and moved to the building of the former Universum Cinema in Kurfürstendamm in 1981.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

With a seating capacity of 1,895 and a floor area of 2,854 square meters making Friedrichstadt-Palast the largest performance venue in Europe.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin has 3 major opera houses: the Deutsche Oper, the Berlin State Opera, and the Komische Oper.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Berlin State Opera at Unter den Linden opened in 1742 and is oldest among the three.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Komische Oper focuses heavily on operetta and is also located in Unter den Linden.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Deutsche Oper opened 1912 in Charlottenburg.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The main musical theater performances in the city are Theater am Potsdamer Platz and Theater des Westens (built 1895).


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Contemporary dance can be seen at Radialsystem V. Tempodrom organizes concerts and circus performances.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Admiralspalast in Mitte has a number of variety show programs and music shows.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

There are 7 symphony orchestras here.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra is one of the world's best known orchestras; [123] is based at the Berliner Philharmonie near Potsdamer Platz on a street named after the orchestra's longest-serving conductor, Herbert von Karajan. [124]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Its current principal conductor is Simon Rattle. [125]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Konzerthausorchester Berlin was founded 1952 as an orchestra for East Berlin.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Its principal conductor is now Ivan Fischer.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Haus der Kulturen der Welt presents diverse performances related to world music performances and conferences. [126]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Kookaburra and Quatsch Comedy Club are noted for satire performances and stand up comedy.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The cuisine and culinary cuisine in Berlin is very diverse.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Twelve restaurants in Berlin were included in the 2015 Michelin Guide, placing the city in first place in Germany. [127]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In addition, Berlin has very many vegetarian, vegan and organic food restaurants. [128]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Most local food comes from northern German culinary traditions and includes in it pork, goose, fish, peas, chickpeas, cucumbers, or potatoes.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

One of Berlin's specialties is Currywurst, invented in 1949, [129] Buletten (Frikadeller) and Berlin pastry known here as [Pfannkuchen] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help).


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin is also home to food from all over the world due to the large number of immigrants.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Turkish and Arab immigrants brought their culinary traditions here, such as falafel and lahmacun.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The modern version of döner kebab was found here in 1971. [130]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Asian food such as Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, and sushi restaurants, as well as Italian, Greek, Indian can be found in the city.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Recreation Zoologischer Garten Berlin was founded in 1844 and has a collection of species from all over the world. [131]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

This bonbin became the birthplace of the popular polar bear Knut. [132]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Another zoo, Tierpark Friedrichsfelde, was founded 1955.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Botanical Museum of Berlin is inside the Botanischer Garten.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

With an area of 43 hectares (110 acres) and about 22,000 plant collections, the botanical garden became one of the largest and most diverse in the world.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Other botanical gardens in the city are the Britzer Garten and Gärten der Welt (World Botanical Garden) in Marzahn. [133]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Tiergarten, located in Mitte, is the city's largest park and a design by Peter Joseph Lenné. [134]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In Kreuzberg, Viktoriapark presents a viewing point to the inner south of the city of Berlin.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Treptower Park, beside the Spree at Treptow, presents a Soviet War Memorial.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Volkspark in Friedrichshain, opened 1848, is the oldest park in the city, with monuments, a summer outdoor cinema, and several sports arenas. [135]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Potsdam is located on the southwest side of Berlin.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The town was the residence of the King of Prussia and the German Emperor until 1918.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The surrounding area is known for its interlocked lakes and other cultural landmarks such as Sanssouci, Germany's largest World Heritage Site. [136]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin is also known for its wide range of cafés, street musicians, bars along the River Spree, flea markets, boutiques and pop up shops that can also be a means of entertainment. [137]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin sports has had a reputation as a host city for organizers of international sporting events. [138]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The city hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics and the 2006 FIFA World Cup Final. [139]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The IAAF World Championships for Athletics were held at Olympiastadion in 2009. [140]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In 2015 Berlin also hosted the UEFA Champions League Final.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The Berlin Marathon is the most world record-holding annual marathon event.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

ISTAF is the premier athletic event in the city. [141]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The FIVB World Tour, a beach volleyball Grand Slam event, is held annually, while Mellowpark in Köpenick is one of the largest BMX skate and bicycle parks in Europe. [142]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

In 2013, approximately 600,000 residents were registered in one or more of the 2,300 fitness and sports clubs. [143]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

The city of Berlin operates more than 60 public indoor and outdoor swimming pools. [144]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Berlin is Germany's largest Olympic training centre.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

About 500 top athletes (15% of all German top athletes) live here. 47 elite athletes participated at the 2012 Summer Olympics.


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Its residents were able to obtain 7 gold medals, 12 silver medals, and 3 bronze medals. [145]


Question: How old is the city of Berlin?

Berlin

Some of the existing professional sports clubs in the city of Berlin: Reference Outside Links Official Geographic data related to at OpenStreetMap Category:Capital cities Category:State in Germany


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Jamblang (Syzygium cumini) or also called guava and duwet is a kind of fruit tree from the tribe of jambu-jambuan (Myrtaceae).


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

This sepat sour fruiting plant is also known by various names such as jambee kleng (Aceh), guava kling, nunang [4] (Gayo), guava koliong (Riau), jambu kalang (Min.), jambulang, jambulan, jombulan, jumblang (various local names in Sulut), jambulan (Flores), jambula (guava) ate), jamblang (Btw., Sd.).


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Also guava juwat, jiwat, jiwat rice (Ind., juwet or duwet (Jw.), juwet, millionth (Bl.), dhuwak, dhalas (Md.), duwe (Bima), Rappo - Rappo (Selayar) and others. [5]


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

In various foreign languages this fruit is known as jambulan, jambulana (Malaysia), duhat (Filipino), crested, jamun, or Java plum (Ingg.), and others.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Its scientific name is Syzygium cumini. jmpl|left|180px|jamblang botanical tree A sturdy, woody tree, 10-30 m in diameter, dirty white, and does not abort leaves. [2]


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Sometimes twisted stems, up to 20 m high and gemang reaching 90 cm. Low-branched and rounded or irregular headlined.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

The leaves are located face to face, stemmed 1-3.5cm long.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

The round leaf strands of the inverted eggs are slightly jorong to oblong, 5-25 x 2—10cm. The base is wide peg-shaped or buggy, the tip blunt or slightly melancip, flat-brimmed, thick-tempered with thin and slightly translucent edges.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Dark green glistening on top, jamblang leaves smell somewhat of turpentine when kneaded.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

The young leaves are pink.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

The crossings are pinnate. [2]


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Wreaths in panicles or panicles are flat, stretched, up to three times branched; they generally appear on leafless branches.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Flowers are small, sitting tightly, 3-8 florets at each end of the stalk, smell good.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Leaves petals of dilated bell shape or funnel, 4-6 mm high, yellow to purplish.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

The crown leaves are round and detachable, 3mm, gray-white to pink, easily deciduous.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Stamens are numerous, 4—7mm; pistils 6—7mm.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Buni fruits [3] are oblong to ovoid, often somewhat twisted, 1—5cm, crowned with petal lobe, with a thin skin of shiny slippery, dark red to blackish purple, sometimes white.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Often in large hordes.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

The pulp is white, gray-yellow to slightly red purple, almost odorless, with plenty of cider, slightly sour to sweet sour.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Seeds are oblong, up to 3.5cm. [6] [7] The fruits there are seedless, there are also seeds with a limit of number 5. [3]


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

The spread and habitat of Jamblang can be encountered in both cultivated/wild in tropical Asia and Australia.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

The jamblang tree has its natural spread area in the subtropical Himalayas, India, Sri Lanka, Malesia and Australia.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Currently it has been planted throughout the tropics and subtropics. [3]


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

In Java, it grows wild in teak forests and is cultivated as a fruit tree in yards, from lowlands [1] to 500 mdpl. [8]


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Nevertheless, it can grow at an altitude of 1800 mdpl.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

The rainfall required for good growth is over 1000mm per year with a real dry season.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Jamblang grows in floodplains.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

This type is drought tolerant and can grow on many types of infertile soils, wetlands and well-drained soils (loamy soils, calcareous loamy soils, sandy soils and calcareous soils).


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Generally, jamblang is propagated by seed, but superior cultivars can be propagated by graft. [3]


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Uses JMPL|left|180px|Jamblang flowers Jamblang fruit is commonly eaten fresh.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

In India and the Philippines, as is the custom in some regions of Indonesia, the ripe jamblang fruit is mixed with a little salt and sometimes added with sugar, then whipped in a sealed container (usually two bowls cupped) so that it is soft and reduced as soon as possible.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

This fruit can reduce stains on the teeth.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

This fruit rich in vitamins A and C can also be used as cider, jelly or grapes.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

In the Philippines, jamblang wine is commercially cultivated. [6]


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

The wood can be used for building materials, although it is not special and rather easy to break.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

This wood is quite strong, waterproof and insect attack; even if it is rather difficult to work with.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Especially often it is used as firewood.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

The bark produces tanning substances (tannins) and is used to dye (ubar) mesh.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

These small pieces of pepagan are also sometimes affixed to inhibit the acidity of the tuak.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

The leaves are often used as animal feed.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Jamblang is cool, aromatic, and strongly astringent.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Seeds can also treat strikhnina (strychnine), which is a specific antidote, and treat treatment of the spleen. [1]


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

The results of studies in India show that jamblang fruit has the potential as a contraceptive for men.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Then, the results also showed seeds, leaves, and jamblang pepagans can reduce diabetes, which was confirmed again by animal experiments that showed this plant prevents cataracts due to diabetes. [1]


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Jamblang contains essential oils, jambosins, organic acids, triterpenoids, and resins containing elagic acid, and tannins.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Ayurweda practitioners show that the flesh lowers blood for 30 minutes, the seeds lower blood sugar within 24 hours, and the maximum result achieves the hypoglycemic effect within 10 days. [1]


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Some parts of the plant are also used as medicinal ingredients, traditional and modern.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

The bark of stems, leaves, fruits and seeds are often used as a remedy for urine, murus (diarrhea), and some other diseases.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Even simplisia of stem bark (known as Syzygii cortex) and jamblang seeds (called Syzygii semen) used to be recommended as non-mandatory pharmacy preparations.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

In addition to tannins, the active ingredients they contain include glucoside yambolin (jamboline). [5] [9] By traditional medicine in South America, jamblang with Dutch ceremai to reduce heart and liver damage to cancer patients who receive doxorubicin chemotherapy (doxorubicin). [1]


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Jamblang and Eugenia caryophyllata contain compounds that can activate S-transferase enzymes in the liver.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

In experiments, the enzyme could lower the incidence of gastric cancer by 80%.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Some regions in Southeast Asia use jamblang root to treat epilepsy. [1]


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

In Gayo Plateau, jamblang often called nunang is used to treat loose stools. [4]


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Jamblang trees are also often planted as shading trees in yards and plantations (for example to shade coffee plants), or as wind breaks.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

The flowers are good as honey bee feed.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

See also Marga Jambu-Shore Reference Outlink Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead., Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database.


Question: What is the greatest content of guava fruit?

Jamblang

Category:Fruit Tree Category:Fruits Category:Myrtaceae Category:Syzygium


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

The Lewis structure (also known as the Lewis point diagram, Lewis point formula, Lewis point structure, and electron point structure) is a diagram showing the bonds between the atoms of a molecule with silent electron pairs that may be present in a molecule. [1] [2] [3] The Lewis structure can be drawn for each covalently binding molecule, as well as coordination compounds.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

The Lewis structure is named after Gilbert N. Lewis, who introduced it in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule.. [4]


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

The Lewis structure extends the concept of electron point diagrams by adding lines between atoms to represent pairs together in chemical bonds.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

The Lewis structure shows each atom and its position in the molecular structure using its chemical symbols.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Lines are drawn between atoms bonded to each other (pairs of dots can be used instead of lines).


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

The excess electrons that form silent pairs are represented as pairs of dots, and placed next to atoms.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Although major class elements from the second period onwards usually react by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons until they reach a valence electron petal configuration with a full octet (8) of electrons, other elements obey different rules.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Hydrogen (H) can only form bonds that have only two electrons, whereas transition metals often conform to the rule of duodektet (12) [5] (e.g., compounds such as permanganate ions).


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Making structure Counting electrons The number of electrons represented in the Lewis structure is equal to the number of valence electrons on each atom.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Non-valence electrons are not represented in Lewis structures.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Once the number of available electrons has been determined, the electrons must be placed into the structure.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

At first they should be placed as silent pairs: a pair of dots for each pair of available electrons.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

The silent pair should initially be placed on the outermost atom (other than hydrogen) until each outermost atom has eight electrons on the bond pair and the silent pair; the remaining silent pair could then be placed in the central atom.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

When in doubt, the silent pair should be placed on the more electronegative atom first.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Once all silent electron pairs are placed, atoms—especially the central atom—may not have electron octets.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

In this case, the atom must form a double bond; one pair of silent electrons is displaced to form a second bond between the two atoms.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Because the bond pair is shared between two atoms, the atom that originally had the silent pair still has an octet; the other atom now has two more electrons inside its valence petals.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Lewis structures for polyatomic ions can be drawn by the same method.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

When counting electrons, negative ions must have extra electrons placed in their Lewis structure; positive ions must have fewer electrons than uncharged molecules.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

When writing the Lewis structure an ion, the whole structure is placed in parentheses, and the charge is written as a superscript in the upper right, outside the parentheses.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

A simpler method has been proposed for composing the Lewis structure, thus eliminating the need to chide electrons: the drawn atoms exhibit valence electrons; bonds are then formed by pairing the valence electrons of atoms involved in the bonding making process, and anions and cations are formed by adding or releasing electrons to/from the corresponding atoms. [6]


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

A trick is to calculate valence electrons, then calculate the number of electrons needed to complete the octet rule (or just 2 electrons for hydrogen), then the difference of these two numbers is the number of electrons forming a bond.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

The remaining electrons go to fill the octet of other atoms.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

It has been proposed another simple and general procedure for writing Lewis structures and their resonant forms. [7]


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Formal charge In terms of Lewis structure, formal charge is used in the description, comparison, and assessment of topological structures and possible resonances [8] by determining the pseudo electron charge of each atom, based on its electronic point structure, assuming covalence exclusive or non-polar bonding.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Formal charges have been used in determining possible electron reconfigurations when referring to reaction mechanisms, and often produce the same sign as atomic partial charges, with exceptions.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

In general, the formal charge of an atom can be calculated using the following formula, assuming a non-standard definition for the sign used: C f = N v − U e − B n 2 {\ displaystyle C_ {f} =N_ {v} -U_ {e} - {\ frac {B_ {n}} {2}} with: C f {\ displaystyle C_ {f}} is a formal charge.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

N v {\ displaystyle N_ {v}} represents the number of valence electrons in the free atom of the element.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

U e {\ displaystyle U_ {e}} represents the number of unshared electrons on an atom.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

B n {\ displaystyle B_ {n}} represents the number of electrons in the bond shared by the atoms to which it binds.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

The formal charge of an atom is calculated as the difference between the number of valence electrons a neutral atom has and the number of electrons included in the Lewis structure.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

The electrons in the covalent bond are shared equally between the atoms involved in the bonding.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

The total formal charge on the ion must be equal to the charge of the ion, and the total formal charge on the neutral molecule must be equal to zero. Resonance For some molecules and ions, it is difficult to determine which silent pairs should be moved to form double or triplicate bonds, and two or more different resonance structures can be written for the same molecule or ion.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

In such cases it is common to transcribe everything with a two-way arrow between the two drawn resonant structures (see Example below).


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

This sometimes occurs when multiple atoms of the same type surround the central atom, and is especially common for polyatomic ions.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

When this situation occurs, the Lewis structure of the molecule is said to be the resonant structure, and the molecule is located as a resonant hybrid.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Each of the different possibilities is thinning on the other, and the molecule is thought to have a Lewis structure equivalent to some combination of these states.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

The nitrate ion (NO− 3), for example, must form a double bond between the nitrogen and one of the oxygens to satisfy the octet rule on nitrogen.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

However, since the molecule is symmetrical, it does not matter which oxygen forms the double bond.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

In this case, there are three possible resonant structures.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Expressing resonance when drawing Lewis structures can be done by drawing every possible resonant shape and placing a bidirectional arrow between them or by using dotted lines to represent partial bonds (the latter is a hybrid representation good resonance though not a formal Lewis structure).


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

When comparing resonant structures for the same molecule, typically the one with the least formal charge is the one contributing more to the overall resonant hybrid.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

When a formal charge is required, it is preferred a resonant structure that has a negative charge on a more electronegative element and a positive charge on a less electronegative element.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Single bonds can also be moved in a similar way to create resonant structures for hypervalent molecules such as sulfur hexafluoride, which is the correct description according to quantum chemistry calculations, rather than the general extended octet model.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

The resonance structure should not be interpreted to indicate that the molecule switches between shapes, but the molecule acts as an average of various shapes.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Example The formula of nitrite ions is NO− 2.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Nitrogen is the less electronegative atom between them, so it is the central atom based on several criteria.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Count the valence electrons.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons; each oxygen has 6, so the total valence electrons are (6 × 2) + 5 = 17.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

The nitrite ion has a charge of −1, which indicates there is an extra electron, so the number of electrons is 18.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Place the silent electron pair.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Each oxygen must be bound to nitrogen, which uses four electrons—two in each bond.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

The remaining fourteen electrons should initially be placed as 7 silent pairs.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Each oxygen can take up a maximum of 3 silent pairs, each delivering 8 electrons to oxygen including bonding pairs.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

The seventh silent pair should be placed on the nitrogen atom.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Completes the octet rule.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Both oxygen atoms currently have 8 electrons assigned to them.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

The nitrogen atom has only 6 electrons assigned to it.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

One of the silent pairs on the oxygen atom must form a double bond, but the atoms of both are also the same.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Therefore, there is a resonant structure.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Tie loose ends.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Two Lewis structures must be drawn: Each structure has one of two oxygen atoms that double bind to a nitrogen atom.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

The second oxygen atom in each structure will single bind to the nitrogen atom.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Place the brackets around each structure, and add a charge (−) on the upper right outside of the brackets.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Draw a two-way arrow between two resonant shapes.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Alternative formats Chemical structures can be written in a more compact form, especially when exhibiting organic molecules.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

In the concise structure formula, many or even all covalent bonds may be left out, with subscripts showing the number of identical clusters bound to a given atom.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Another concise structure diagram is the skeleton formula (also known as the line-bond formula or carbon skeleton diagram).


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

In the skeletal formula, carbon atoms are not marked by the symbol C but by the vertex of the line.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Hydrogen atoms bound to carbon are not demonstrable—they can be inferred by counting the number of bonds on a particular carbon atom—each carbon is assumed to have a total of four bonds, so each bond not shown is a hydrogen atom.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

Other diagrams may be more complex than the Lewis structure, showing bonding in 3D using various shapes such as the filled space model.


Question: who invented the valence electron?

Lewis Structure

See also Theory of VSEPR (Valence shell electron pair repulsion) Molecular geometry Structure formula Orbital natural bonding Reference Outside links Category:Chemical formulas Category:Chemical bonding


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Central Java (abbreviated as Jateng) is an Indonesian province located in the central part of Java Island.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Its capital city is Semarang.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The province is bordered by West Java Province to the west, Indian Ocean and Yogyakarta Special Region to the south, East Java to the east, and the Java Sea to the north.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Its area is 32,548km², or about 28.94% of the area of the island of Java.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Central Java province also includes Nusakambangan Island to the south (close to the West Java border), as well as the Karimun Islands of Java in the Java Sea.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The definition of Central Java geographically and culturally sometimes also includes the Special Region of Yogyakarta.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Central Java is known as the “heart” of Javanese culture.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Nonetheless in this province there are also other tribes that have different cultures with Javanese tribes such as the Sundanese tribe in the border area with West Java.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Besides there are also Chinese-Indonesian, Arab-Indonesian and Indian-Indonesian citizens scattered throughout the province.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Since 2008, the province of Central Java has twin relations with Fujian province in China.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Central Java's history as a province was formed since the time of the Dutch East Indies


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Until 1905, Central Java consisted of 5 regions (gewesten) namely Semarang, Pati, Kedu, Banyumas, and Pekalongan.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Surakarta is still a stand-alone area of royal swapraja (vorstenland) and consists of two regions, Kasunanan Surakarta and Mangkunegaran, as Yogyakarta.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Each gewest consists of districts.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

At that time Pati Gewest also covered Regentschap Tuban and Bojonegoro.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

After the enactment of the Decentralisatie Besluit of 1905, gewesten was given autonomy and formed a Regional Council.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

In addition, autonomous gemeente (townships) are also formed, namely Pekalongan, Tegal, Semarang, Salatiga, and Magelang.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Since 1930, provinces are designated as autonomous regions which also have a Provincial Council (Provinciale Raad).


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Provinces consist of several karesidenans (residenties), which include several districts (regentschap), and are further subdivided in several kawedanan (districts).


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Central Java Province consists of 5 karesidenans, namely: Pekalongan, Pati, Semarang, Banyumas, and Kedu.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Following the independence of Indonesia, in 1945 the government formed the swapraja regions of Kasunanan and Mangkunegaran; and was made a karesidenan.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

In 1950 through the Law stipulated the establishment of districts and municipalities in Central Java covering 29 districts and 6 municipalities.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Determination of the Law until now commemorated as the Anniversary of Central Java Province, which is on August 15, 1950.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Administratively, Central Java Province consists of 29 districts and 6 cities.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The administration of the district and city administration consists of 545 districts and 8,490 villages/wards.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Local Government, Central Java also consists of 3 administrative cities, namely Purwokerto, Cilacap City, and Klaten City.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

However since the enactment of Regional Autonomy in 2001 those administrative towns were phased out and became part within the county territory.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Following regional autonomy, 3 districts moved the center of government to their own territory, namely Magelang Regency (from Magelang City to Mungkid), Tegal Regency (from Tegal City to Slawi), and Pekalongan Regency (from Pekalongan City to Kajen).


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

List of districts and cities The list of governors of the current governor of Central Java is Ganjar Pranowo.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Central Java Regional Government Structure consists of the Regional Secretariat (which includes 3 assistants and oversees 9 bureaus), 19 offices, 6 offices, 15 bodies, as well as 7 regional hospital bodies.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Central Java representatives sent 77 representatives from ten electoral districts to DPR RI and four representatives to DPD.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Central Java DPRD 2014 legislative election results composed of nine parties, with the following details: Geography Relief According to the level of land slope in Central Java, 38% land has a slope of 0-2%, 31% land has a slope of 2-15%, 19% land has a slope of 15-40%, and The remaining 12% of the land has a slope of more than 40%.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The north coast area of Central Java has narrow lowlands.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

In the Brebes area is 40km from the beach, and in Semarang it is only 4km wide.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The plain is concatenated with the Semarang-Rembang depression in the east.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Mount Muria at the end of the Ice Age (around 10,000 years BC) was a separate island from Java, which eventually merged due to alluvial deposits from flowing rivers.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The city of Demak during the Sultanate of Demak (16th century AD) was by the sea and became the berth of ships.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

This sedimentation process is still ongoing on the coast of Semarang.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

In the south of the area are the North Limestone Mountains and Kendeng Mountains, namely the chalk mountains that extend from the east of Semarang starting from the Southwest end of Pati City then east to the border of Lamongan and Bojonegoro (East Java).


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The main series of mountains in Central Java are the North Serayu Mountains and South Serayu.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The North Serayu Mountains series form a chain of mountains that connects the Bogor series in West Java with the Kendeng Mountains in the east.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The width of this series of mountains is about 30—50km; at its western end is Mount Slamet and the eastern part is the Dieng Plateau with its peaks of Mount Prahu and Mount Ungaran.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Between the series of North Serayu Mountains and South Serayu Mountains it is separated by the Serayu Depression extending from Majenang (Cilacap Regency), Purwokerto, to Wonosobo.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

East of this depression are the volcanoes Sindoro and Sumbing, and its east again (Magelang and Temanggung areas) is a continuing depression that limits Mount Merapi and Mount Merbabu.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The South Serayu Mountains are part of the South Central Java Basin located in the southern part of Central Java province.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

This mandala is a geoanticline that extends from west to east along 100 kilometers and is divided into two parts separated by the Jatilawang valley, namely western and eastern parts.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The western part is formed by Mount Kabanaran (360 m) and can be described as having the same elevation as the Bandung Depression Zone in West Java or as a new structural element in Central Java.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

This section was separated from the Bogor Zone by the Majenang Depression.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The eastern part is built by the Ajibarang anticline (narrow anticline) cut by the flow of the Serayu River.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

In the east of Banyumas, the anticline developed into antiklinorium with a width of 30km in Lukulo area (south of Banjarstate-Midangan 1043 m) or often called Kebumen High (Kebumen High).


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

At the very eastern end of the Mandala the South Serayu Mountains are formed by the dome of the Kulonprogo Mountains (1022 m), which lies between Purworejo and the Progo River.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The south coast area of Central Java also has narrow lowlands, measuring 10—25km wide.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

In addition there is South Gombong Karst Area.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Gently sloping hills stretch parallel to the coast, from Yogyakarta to Cilacap.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

East of Yogyakarta is a limestone mountainous area that extends to the southern coast of East Java.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Hydrology The rivers that empty in the Java Sea include Bengawan Silugonggo, Kali Pemali, Kali Comal, and Kali Bodri.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Medium rivers emptying into the Indian Ocean include Kali Serayu, Bogowonto River, Luk Ulo River and Kali Progo.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Bengawan Solo is the longest river in Java Island (572km); having springs in the Sewu Mountains (Wonogiri Regency), it flows north, crosses Surakarta City, and finally heads to East Java and empties into Gresik area (near Surabaya).


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Among the main reservoirs (Lakes) in Central Java are Mount Rowo Lake (Pati Regency), Gajahmungkur Reservoir (Wonogiri Regency), Kedungombo Reservoir (Boyolali and Sragen Regency), Pening Rawa Lake (Semarang Regency), Cacaban Reservoir (Tegal Regency), Malahayu Reservoir (Brebes Regency), Wadaslintang Reservoir (border of Kebumen Regency and Wonosobo Regency), Gembong Reservoir (pati Regency), Sempor Reservoir (Kebumen Regency) and Mrica Reservoir (Banjarnegara Regency).


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Volcanoes There are 5 active volcanoes in Central Java, namely: Mount Merapi (in Magelang - Boyolali - Klaten), Mount Slamet (in Pemalang), Mount Sindoro (in Temanggung - Wonosobo), Mount Sumbing (in Temanggung - Wonosobo - Magelang), and Mount Dieng (in Banjarnegara).


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

According to the Bogor Soil Research Institute in 1969, the soil type of Central Java is dominated by latosol, alluvial, and grumusol soils; so the land expanse in this province includes soil that has a relatively fertile fertility rate.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The climate of Central Java has a tropical climate, with an average annual rainfall of 2,000 meters, and an average temperature of 21-32oC.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The areas with high rainfall are mainly in western Nusakambangan, and along the North Serayu Mountains.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Areas with low rainfall and frequent droughts in the dry season are in the Blora area and surrounding areas as well as in the southern part of Wonogiri District.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Demographics Population The number of population of Central Java Province based on the 2015 census is 35,557,249 inhabitants.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Regencies/cities with the largest population are Brebes Regency (2.342 million people), Cilacap Regency (2.227 million people), and Banyumas Regency (1.953 million people).


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The population spread is generally concentrated in urban centers, either districts or cities.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Quite dense residential areas are in Semarang Raya (including Ungaran and parts of Demak and Kendal Regencies), Salatiga Raya (including Ambarawa, Bringin, Kopeng, Tengaran and Suruh areas), Solo Raya (including parts of Karanganyar, Sukoharjo, and Boyolali), as well as Tegal-Brebes-Slawi.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The population growth of Central Java Province was 0.67% per annum.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The highest population growth was in Demak Regency (1.45% per annum), while the lowest was Pekalongan City (0.09% per annum).


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Of this total population, 47% of them constitute the labor force.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The most livelihoods were in the agriculture sector (42.34%), followed by trade (20.91%), industry (15.71%), and services (10.98%).


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Tribe The majority of the population of Central Java is Javanese.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Central Java is known as the center of Javanese culture, where in the cities of Surakarta and Yogyakarta there are central Javanese royal palaces that still stand today.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

A fairly significant minority tribe is Chinese, especially in urban areas although in rural areas it is also found.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

By and large they are engaged in trade and services.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The Chinese community is already intermingled with the Javanese Tribe, and many of them use Javanese language with thick logat everyday.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The viscous influence we can feel while in the city of Semarang as well as the city of Lasem in the northeastern tip of Central Java, even Lasem is nicknamed Le Petit Chinois or Little Chinese Town.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

In addition, in some major cities in Central Java there are also Arab-Indonesian communities.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Similar to the Chinese community, they are usually engaged in trade and services.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

In the border area with West Java there are also Sundanese people who are loaded with Sundanese culture, especially in Cilacap, Brebes, and Banyumas.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

In the interior of Blora (border with East Java province) lies the isolated Samin community, whose case is almost the same as that of the Kanekes in Banten.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Although Bahasa Indonesia is the official language, most generally use Javanese as a colloquial language.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Javanese language The Solo-Jogja or Mataram dialect is considered to be Standard Javanese.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

In addition, there are a number of dialects of Javanese language; but in general it consists of two, namely kulonan and timuran.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Kulonan is spoken in the western part of Central Java, consisting of Banyumasan Dialect and Tegal Dialect; this dialect has quite different pronunciation from Standard Javanese.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Sedang Timuran is spoken in the eastern part of Central Java, including Mataram Dialect (Solo-Jogja), Semarang Dialect, and Pati Dialect.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Between the borders of the two dialects, spoken Javanese language with a mixture of both dialects; these areas are Pekalongan and Kedu.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

In Sundanese populated areas, namely in southern Brebes district, and northern Cilacap district around Dayeuhluhur district, Sundanese people still use Sundanese language in their daily life. [2], Various kinds of Javanese dialects found in Central Java: Pekalongan dialect (Pekalongan City, Pekalongan Regency, Batang Regency) Kedu dialect (Magelang Regency, Temanggung Regency, Wonosobo Regency, Magelang City and part of Kebumen Regency) Bagelen dialect (Purworejo Regency and part of Kebumen Regency) Semarangan dialect (Semarang City, Semarang Regency, Salatiga City, Kendal Regency, Demak Regency) East Pantura dialect (Pati Regency, Jepara Regency, Rembang Regency, Kudus Regency) Blora dialect (Grobogan Regency and Blora Regency) Surakarta dialect (Surakarta City, Klaten Regency, Sragen Regency, Wonogiri Regency, Regency Boyolali, Sukoharjo Regency, Karanganyar Regency) Banyumasan dialect (Banyumas Regency, Banjarnegara Regency, Purbalingga Regency, Kebumen Regency, Cilacap Regency) Tegal dialect (Tegal City, Tegal Regency, Brebes Regency, Pemalang Regency) Various kinds of Sundanese dialects found in Central Java: Sundanese language East-Sea dialect, which is spoken in Kuningan and Cirebon Regency in West Java province is also spoken in West and South Brebes Regency area which is the region of Central Java province.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Southeast Sundanese dialect, which is spoken in Ciamis Regency area around Ciamis City and Banjar City in West Java province is also spoken in the Northern Cilacap Regency which is the Central Java province of Language and Culture Regional Language Education in Central Java Province area is the majority of Javanese culture, but there are also pockets of Sundanese culture in the west area bordering West Java Province, especially in Brebes and Cilacap Regency In general education in Central Java, especially regional language education teaches Regional Language Education Javanese (Baku Javanese dialect Surakarta-Yogyakarta) for all Regencies/Cities in Central Java Province from Primary School (SD) to High School (SMA) level according to Governor Decree No.895.5/01/2005, but In recent years, especially the 2000s, some Regencies/Cities, especially in the western region want to teach Javanese language with their own dialect, such as Javanese language Brebes-Tegal dialect.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

This is done because according to them Baku Javanese language (Surakarta dialect - Yogyakarta) they do not use in everyday life, especially the purpose of teaching regional languageis to develop and protect the regional language following its dialect from extinction.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Education Javanese dialect Brebes - Tegal At the First Congress of Tegal Language on April 4, 2006 at Hotel Bahari Inn, Tegal gave a recommendation for the Provincial Government of Central Java one of which is the cultivation of tegal language through curricular strategies (taught in schools).


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

During this time in accordance with the Governor's Decree No.895.5/01/2005 for students of elementary/middle/high school in Central Java area enforced Javanese language curriculum (Surakarta dialect - Yogyakarta) as a local charge (mulok).


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

But for students who speak daily Tegal, Javanese lessons (raw) are felt very difficult, most students do not master the material taught.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Javanese subjects with all forms of complicated special rules, it does not make students (Tegal) able to speak Javanese (Surakarta - Yogyakarta dialect) well. [3]


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Congress initiated by Yono Daryono, it presented several figures including SN Ratmana (cerpenis), Ki Enthus Susmono (Tegal puppeteer), Eko Tunas (poet Tegal).


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The purpose of the congress was to raise the status of Moor dialect to Tegal language.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Development of Javanese Language Education dialect Brebes - Tegal Government of Tegal, Central Java, plans to include Tegal language lessons in the local load curriculum to be taught to students starting from primary school, junior high school, to public/vocational high school.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Supriyanto (Language Expert from Semarang State University) said that through Tegal language lessons, students are expected to preserve, maintain, and maintain their native language.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Currently, the education and culture department is preparing syllabus, subject matter, textbooks, as well as preparing a journal about Tegal language for elementary school students.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

“" In addition to learning the Tegal language as a subject matter, the students are also taught other regional languages such as Solo, Banyumas, Surabaya, as well as other areas as standard languages, so that if communicating with others using languages outside the Tegal area, the students can understand their language, until now Tegal language that has not been too much affected by other languages or commonly known as 'Tegal Deles” (pure Tegal) is in the coastal Tegal region and southern Banyumas.”


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

(Supriyanto.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Language Expert of Semarang State University)”.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

He said, as a Tegal language teacher, the education department in collaboration with the Institute for Assessment and Development of Bahari Center Tegal, has recruited and trained a number of prospective lecturers specifically Tegal language, because around the end of 2011, Tegal language is ready to be taught in all primary schools in Tegal City, while for junior high school level will be launched starting 2013, then 2014 new high school level. [4]


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Sundanese language education Southeast dialect The desire to teach and use the language of the region is not only the desire of the people of Brebes - Tegal alone which actually still belongs to the Javanese tribe, but the Sundanese people who live in the Central Java province area mainly in the regency Brebes and Cilacap Regency also want the same thing.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Sundanese culture and language in the western Central Java Province is a legacy of the 14th century Galuh Kingdom, where according to the Bujangga Manik script that the eastern Galuh kingdom (Sundanese tribe) reached the banks of Ci Pemali (Kali Pemali) in Brebes and Ci Serayu (Kali Kali Pemali) Serayu) which flows from the Dieng Plateau up to the River Estuary in Cilacap.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Sundanese tribes in Cilacap Regency occupy the area next to the North, for example in Dayeuhluhur District, Wanareja District and Majenang District.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Educators who love the native language, actually want to choose children have Sundanese language mulok, but the materials are not provided.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Once at a time, mulok teachers in Dayeuhluhur complained when the school “imposed the will” to choose Sundanese language mulok, but the subject matter did not exist.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

When the school sought Sundanese reading to Priangan (West Java Province), the local Diknas did not agree, saying: “May choose Sundanese language mulok, but Sundanese reading should give more socio-cultural knowledge Cilacap, it will be better if children in Cilacap is given a Sundanese reading, but the content speaks about the Legend of Cilacap, not the legend of Situ Bagendit from Garut there”.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Cilacap Education Office reasoned because of the problem, Sundanese reading brought from Priangan, all of them only provide socio-cultural information Priangan (West Java Pronvisi).


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

It becomes even more difficult, because there is no Sundanese reading published specifically for Cilacap or Brebes. [5]


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Development of Southeast Sundanese dialect Education Basically Cilacap Government through the local Education Office has allowed the teaching of Sundanese language in the areas of the districts inhabited by the Sundanese tribe but without the legal umbrella of teaching Sundanese Bahsa often Teachers in the region make their own teaching materials for Southeast Sundanese dialect (Ciamis) for the Northern Cilacap region, due to the objection of the Cilacap District Local Government on the Baku Sundanese Textbook (Priyangan dialect) to be taught in Cilacap.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Sundanese education Northeast dialect is almost the same as the state and development of Sundanese language and culture in Cilacap Regency, in the Brebes region Sundanese language is also classified as a minority language.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Sundanese tribes in the area of Brebes Regency live in the districts west and south, such as in the districts of Salem, Bantarkawung, Ketanggungan, Banjarharjo and some villages in Tanjung sub-district (Sarireja and Luwungbata), Prohibition District (Wlahar, Kamal and Pamulihan) and Kersana District (Kradenan and Sindang Jaya).


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Sundanese and Javanese language are used together in several villages in Bumiayu (Pruwatan and Laren), Bantarkawung subdistrict (Cinanas, Cibentang, Karang Pari, Pangebatan, and Bantarkawung), Kebangungan District (Pamedaran, Baros, Kubangsari, Kubangjati, Dukuh Badag, and Kubangungu), Banjarharjo (Banjarharjo, Cimunding, Ciawi, Tegalreja, and Banjar Lor), Losari District (Karang Junti and Babakan) and District Kersana (kubangpari).


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Sundanese people in Brebes Regency, the sundanya language is parallel to the Kuningan people that use the teaching of Sundanese language East-Sea dialect which is also used in the area of Cirebon East Regency. Here are how many examples of conversation are in ordinary level (used to friends or peer): Misah passed the nyaneh kudu exam in ajar = in order to pass the test you must study Iraha nyaneh mangkat = when do you go Naha nyaneh late = why is it late?


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Sundanese characteristic of Northeast dialect is included in Cirebon Sundanese language variety where the Northeast dialect characterizes the word “Nyaneh” instead of “maneh” as used in Baku Sundanese (Priyangan dialect).


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Development of Northeast Sundanese dialect Education Development of Sundanese language East-Sea dialect in Brebes Regency is the same as the development of Sundanese language in Cilacap Regency which is hindered by the absence of legal umbrella which is the basis for its implementation due to the Decree The Governor of Central Java Year 2005 only hinted about teaching Baku Javanese (Surakarta dialect - Yogyakarta for all Regencies/Cities in Central Java Province. Subsequent development limitations also hit with reading books and teaching materials of East-Sea dialect, because most teaching materials in West Java Province use Sundanese Baku (Priyangan dialect). [5]


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Religion [6] Most of the population of Central Java is Muslim which is generally categorized into two groups, namely the Santri and Abangan.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

The students practice religious teachings in accordance with Islamic shari'ah, while the abangans although adhering to Islam but in practice are still affected by strong Kejawen.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Other religions professed are Christianity (Protestant and Catholic), Hinduism, Buddhism, Kong Hu Cu, and creed streams.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Central Java province is the center of the spread of Christianity and Catholicism in the island of Java.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

As in the cities of Semarang, Magelang, Surakarta and Salatiga which have a population of Christians around 15% to 25%.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Agricultural economy is the main sector of the economy of Central Java, where livelihoods in this field are digeluti almost half of the labor force absorbed.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Forest areas cover 20% of the province's territory, especially in the northern and southern parts.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Rembang, Blora, Grobogan area is a producer of teak wood.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Central Java also has a number of large and medium-sized industries.


Question: What is the area of the sub-district of Central Java Province?

Central Java

Semarang-Ungaran-Demak-Kudus area is a major industrial area in Central Java.