Question: What does Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Thanks to the services of the three figures who came from Kawachi Genji, the Kawachi Genji clan was made the main lineage of the Minamoto clan.


Question: What does Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

According to the genealogy of the Minamoto clan, the main lineage of the Minamoto clan was originally Settsu Genji, while the Kawachi Genji was the leader among samurai.


Question: What does Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Circumstances changed after Minamoto no Yorimasa who became the main lineage of Settsu Genji was killed in battle against the Taira clan in the Battle of Uji River.


Question: What does Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

The leadership of the Minamoto clan passed to the Minamoto no Yoritomo-led Kawachi Genji clan, and this clan switched roles to become the main lineage of the Minamoto clan.


Question: What does Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

After the Yoritomo family was depleted, the main lineage of the Minamoto clan passed to the descendants of Minamoto no Yoshikuni (4th son of Minamoto no Yoshiie) who founded the Muromachi shogunate.


Question: What does Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

The Kawachi Genji descendants of the Minamoto no Yoshikuni lineage form clans such as: Nitta clan, Yamana clan (branching Nitta clan), Satomi clan (branching Nitta clan), Tokugawa clan, Ashikaga clan (Shimotsuke Genji), and Imagawa clan, Hosokawa clan, as well as Kira clan of all three constitutes a branching of the Ashikaga clan.


Question: What does Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

From the descendants of Yoshiie's younger brother named Minamoto no Yoshimitsu formed clans such as Takeda clan (Kai Genji), Nambu clan (branching Takeda clan), Ogasahara clan (branching Takeda clan), Satake clan (Hitachi Genji), and Miyoshi clan who are all descendants of Kawachi Genji.


Question: What does Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Tada Yukitsuna from the Tada clan is a samurai descendant of Settsu Genji who was famous in the wars between the Taira clan and the Minamoto clan.


Question: What does Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Meanwhile, the descendants of Minamoto no Yorimasa formed the Ōta clan, the Nose clan (of Settsu origin, Murakami clan (Shinano origin), Toki clan (Mino origin).


Question: What does Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

The Toki clan later split into the Akechi clan, and the Baba clan of Kai origin.


Question: What does Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

The Yōzei Genji Clan is either a descendant of Emperor Yōzei (57th emperor) or possibly a descendant of Minamoto no Mitsunaka of Seiwa Genji origin.


Question: What does Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

The Uda Genji Clan is descendant of Emperor Uda (59th emperor).


Question: What does Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Minamoto no Masanobu became the father-in-law of Fujiwara no Michinaga.


Question: What does Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Descendants from Fujiwara no Michinaga became a prominent Five Dōjōke family consisting of: the Niwata, Ayanokōji, Ōhara, Itsutsuji, and Jikōji families.


Question: What does Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

The descendants of Uda Genji in Ōmi Province became samurai and called himself the Sasaki, Ōmi Genji, or Sasaki Genji clan.


Question: What does Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

The Daigo Genji Clan is descendant of Emperor Daigo (60th emperor).


Question: What does Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Emperor Daigo's 10th prince named Minamoto no Takaakira served Sadaijin, but eventually received a sentence of exile for being at loggerheads with the Fujiwara clan.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Minamoto no Takaakira was steeped in the field of palace protocol (Yūsokukojitsu), and wrote a book called Seikyūki (Saikyūki).


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Since Heian times, this book served as a model of official protocol within the imperial court.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

The follower of Oda Nobunaga named Kawajiri Hidetaka was a descendant of Minamoto no Takaakira.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Murakami Genji Clan is descendant of Emperor Murakami (62nd emperor).


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

His highest standing within the Minamoto clan thus called the Genji Chōja family.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Prince Tomohira's daughter named Minamoto no Takahime became the wife of Fujiwara no Yorimichi.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

After Prince Tomohira closed age, his son named Minamoto no Morofusa was made the adopted son of Fujiwara no Yorimichi (his brother-in-law).


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Subsequently, Minamoto Morofusa was married to one of the daughters of Fujiwara no Michinaga (father of Fujiwara no Yorimichi).


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Kazan Genji Clan is descendant of Emperor Kazan (65th emperor).


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

From this clan was notable Shirakawa Hakuō family who became Dōjōke, officials of the Ministry of Shinto (Jingi-kan), as well as Shinto priests.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

The Go-shirakawa Genji Clan is descendant of Prince Mochihito or Prince Takakura (the second son of the 77th emperor, Emperor Go-Shirakawa).


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Prince Mochihito has another younger brother mother.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

This younger brother was named Emperor Takakura and was born to a mother who came from the Taira clan.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Prince Mochihito became not entitled to the throne even though he was crown prince because the government was controlled by Taira no Kiyomori.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Resistance against the Taira clan was waged by Prince Mochihito with the help of Minamoto no Yorimasa, but ended with the death of Prince Mochihito.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Taira no Kiyomori felt guilty and covered up this incident by giving the Minamoto clan name to Prince Mochihito.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Afterwards, Prince Mochihito who was renamed as Minamoto no Mochimitsu was preached to be serving a banishment sentence.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Go-saga Genji Clan is descendant of Prince Koreyasu who was the grandson of Emperor Go-Saga (88th emperor).


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Emperor Go-Saga's second prince named Prince Munetaka became the 6th shogun in the Kamakura shogunate.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

The son of Prince Munetaka who was named Prince Koreyasu got the clan name Minamoto, and became Minamoto no Koreyasu who was appointed as the 7th shogun.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

After the next shogunate candidate was elected, Minamoto no Koreyasu was expelled from the Kamakura shogunate.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

He returned to the palace to return to life as a prince, as well as marking the end of Genji's Go-Saga clan which lasted only one generation.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Ōgimachi Genji Clan is descendant of Emperor Ōgimachi (106th emperor).


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

The Hirohata family of Ōgimachi Genji famously worked as Dōjōke.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

The dōjōke Genji of the Minamoto clan who were allowed to work in the emperor's residence palace were called Dōjō Genji, and all consisted of 18 families.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Origin of Murakami Genji (10 families): Koga, Nakanoin, Rokujō, Iwakura, Chigusa, Kuze, Higashikuze, Umedani, Otagi, Uematsu.


Question: What does the word Minamoto mean?

Minamoto clan

Origin Murakami Uda (5 families): Niwata, Ayanokōji, Itsutsuji, Ōhara, Jikōji Origin Kazan Genji (1 family): Shirakawa Hakuō Origin Ogimachi Genji (1 family): Hirohata Origin Seiwa Genji (1 family): Takeuchi Library list Katsumi Kuroita (), Kokushi taikei henshū-kai (国大), ed. Shintei zōho kokushi taikei: sompi bunmyaku dai ippen (新国大・第1), Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, ISBN 4-642-00362-2 Katsumi Kuroita, Kokushi taikei henshū-kai, ed. Shintei zōho kokushi taikei: sompi bunmyaku dai nihen, Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, ISBN 4-642-00363-0 Katsumi Kuroita, Kokushi taikei henshū-kai, ed. Shintei zōho kokushi taikei: sompi bunmyaku dai sanhen, Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, ISBN 4-642-00364-9 Katsumi Kuroita, Kokushi taikei henshū-kai, ed. Shintei zōho kokushi taikei: sompi bunmyaku dai yonhen, Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, ISBN 4-642-00364-9 Katsumi Kuroita, Shintei zōho kokushi taikei: kugyōbunin dai ippen (新), Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, ISBN 4-642-00356-8 Katsumi Kuroita, Shintei zōho kokushi taikei: kugyōbunin dai nihen, Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, ISBN 4-642-00357-6 Katsumi Kuroita, Shintei zōho kokushi taikei: kugyōbunin dai sanhen, Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, ISBN 4-642-00358-4 Katsumi Kuroita, Shintei zōho kokushi taikei: kugyōbunin dai yonhen, Kōshikawa Bunkan, ISBN 4-642-00359-2 Katsumi Kuroita, Shintei zōho kokushi taikei: kugyōbunin dai gohen, Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, ISBN 4-642-00359-2 Kokushi Daijiten Henshū Iinkai (国大), ed. Kokushi Daijiten dai jū( 国大), Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, ISBN 4-642-00513-7 Category:Clans in Japan


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

Protestant Churches in Western Indonesia

The Protestant Church in Western Indonesia (abbreviated as GPIB) is a communion of Protestant Christian believers in Indonesia where the Lord Jesus Christ is the basis and head.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

GPIB is part of the Protestant Church in Indonesia (GPI) which in the days of the Dutch East Indies was named De Protestantse Kerk In Westelijk Indonesia.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

The institutionalization and establishment of GPIB as the fourth independent church in the GPI environment, as approved and decided by Decree of the Deputy of the High Deputy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Indonesia No. 2, dated December 1, 1948. [1]


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

The foundation of the church, confession and understanding of faith, form and form of GPIB Theology GPIB is based on the Reformation teachings of John Calvin, a leader of the Reformed Protestant Church of France who later moved to Geneva and led the church there.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

GPIB claims that God saved the universe of His creation in the work of the Lord Jesus Christ the Son of God, which continues in life contextually through His Holy Spirit.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

GPIB with Churches of all centuries and places professes that salvation is only by Faith, only by Grace and only by Word (Sola Fide, Sola Gratia, Sola Scriptura) and propose its Confession of Faith as manifest in: Confession of Faith Apostles of Faith Nicea-Constantinople Athanasius GPIB's Confession of Faith formulated its Understanding of Faith based on the Word of God, Church tradition and ecumenical confessions of faith.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

GPIB Faith Understanding contains an understanding of the subjects, struggles faced in accordance with the challenges of the times in togetherness with all citizens of the Indonesian community and nation.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

In arranging and developing the call and termination, GPIB adheres to the Synodal Presbiterial system implemented by the Presbiters, Pastors, Elders and Deacons together with all members of the GPIB Congregation.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

GPIB is the unity of the communion of the congregations: The one that existed at the time the GPIB was established Which was instituted based on the development of churches that grew based on the results of ministry and testimony.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

GPIB is a fellowship of citizens in the form of churches located in Indonesia, covering areas outside the GMIM, GPM, and GMIT ministry.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

Services outside Indonesia are carried out through the delivery of GPIB ecclesiastical envoys, based on request and employment agreement with GPIB partners outside Indonesia.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

GPIB is present in the middle and with the people, nations and countries of the Republic of Indonesia in 26 provinces and located in Sumatra, Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, and the surrounding islands in accordance with the region set on the time the GPIB was established as an independent Church.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

The history of GPIB formation The history of the GPIB is inseparable from the establishment of the De Protestantse Kerk In Nederlands Indie in 1605 in Ambon Maluku, Dutch East Indies.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

But in 1619, the headquarters of De Protestantse Kerk In Nederlands Indie was moved to Batavia in connection with the move of Governor General of the Dutch East Indies from Ambon to Batavia.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

De Protestantse Kerk In Nederlands Indie, inherited the congregations left by the Portuguese with its ministry area covering a number of areas such as Maluku, Minahasa, the Lesser Sunda Islands (now East Nusa Tenggara, and parts of West Nusa Tenggara, especially Sumbawa Island and some Lombok), as well as the islands of Java, Sumatra and others.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

As the service area is growing and expanding, the branches of De Protestantse Kerk In Nederlands Indie are experiencing various problems.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

In 1927 it was agreed that the oneness of the church should remain maintained, but the territory having specificity was given a wider independent status to regulate its services on its own.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

In the 1933 Session of the Synod De Protestantse Kerk In Nederlands Indie, the congregation in Minahasa, Maluku, the former Keresidenan region of Timor and the surrounding islands was granted the authority to become an independent church in the De Protestantse Kerk In Nederlands Indie fellowship.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

In 1934, the congregation in Minahasa was instituted into the first independent church under the name of the Evangelical A.D. Church in Minahasa (GMIM).


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

A year later in 1935, the congregation in Moluccas was instituted into a second independent church under the name Moluccan Protestant Church (GPM).


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

After the end of World War II, in 1947, the congregation in the Lesser Sunda region was instituted into the third independent church under the name of the Evangelical A.D. Church in Timor (GMIT).


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

The session of Synod De Protestantse Kerk In Nederlands Indie held in Buitenzorg (Bogor), agreed that a fourth independent church would be established with a ministry area in the western part of Indonesia.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

On October 31, 1948, during the Sunday Worship of the Congregation at “Willems Kerk” (now Immanuel Church Jakarta), was instituted a fourth independent church which at that time was named De Protestantse Kerk in Westelijk Indonesie (Protestant Church in Western Indonesia), based on Church Rules and Church Regulations presented by the proto-synod to Algemene Moderamen De Protestantse Kerk In Nederlands Indie (Am Workers Agency of Protestant Churches in Indonesia).


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

The legal basis of the Institutional GPIB is recognized by the state as a legal entity and is regulated under: Dutch East Indies Staatsblad No. 156 of 1927, dated June 29, 1925 which regulates the Church Paguyuban of Legal Entities.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

Staatsblad Dutch East Indies No. 305 of 1948, dated December 3, 1948 which established the GPIB as a stand-alone church (zelfstandige onderdeel) of the Protestant Church in Indonesia.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

Law No. 8 of 1985 which regulates and registers GPIB in the State Gazette according to the Decree of the Director General of Guidance of the Protestant Community (Christian) Department of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia No. 35 Year 1988, dated 6 February 1988 on the statement of Protestant Churches in Western Indonesia (GPIB) as a Church Religious Institution.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

Decree of the Minister of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia No. 70 Year 1969 concerning the right of ownership.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

By virtue of the State's recognition of the GPIB as a legal entity, all acts performed for and on behalf of the GPIB are acts of legal representation.


Question: When did the Effatha Congregation stand up?

The Assembly of Synod XX GPIB (2015—2020) The Synod Assembly is the leader of GPIB, the holder and executor of the mandate of the GPIB Synod Session, administrative leaders and synodal managers who in their duties are collectivist.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The functionaries of the Assembly of the GPIB Synod are elected by and within the Session of the GPIB Synod.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The GPIB Synod Assembly is based in Jakarta.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The session of Synod XX GPIB held in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan on 26—31 October 2015 has chosen and established the functionaries of the new GPIB Synod Assembly.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The elected functionaries of the GPIB Synod Assembly were then confirmed in the Great Gratitude & Closing of the Session of the XX Synod GPIB served by Reverend Rufus Alexander Waney, M.Th. (Former Chairman of the Assembly of the Synod GPIB XVII) Functionary of the Assembly of the Synod GPIB XX (Period 2015—2020) is as follows: The working period of the GPIB Synod Assembly is 5 years lasting from the Session of the GPIB Synod until the next GPIB Synod Session.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

In any position, each member of the GPIB Synod Assembly can only be elected for two periods of duty.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The GPIB Synod Assembly accounted for all its duties, authorities, and policies to the GPIB Synod Session attended by the Presbiter Messengers of the GPIB congregations, the GPIB Mupel Implementation Board and the GPIB Auxiliary Board.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The Consultation of the Ministry (Mupel) and the GPIB Congregations of GPIB Congregations are formed through the Presbiter Session of the Congregations in a GPIB ministry area.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Mupel GPIB is a tool of togetherness, fellowship, ministry, testimony from congregations in a GPIB ministry area and auxiliaries of the GPIB Synod Assembly in the region.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Mupel GPIB serves to talk about the presence of GPIB in a region and the togetherness of service fellowship and testimony of GPIB Congregations in a particular region as well as help the implementation of Sinodal programs and joint programs of GPIB congregations in the region.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

When first formed, GPIB had 7 Clasis (now called Mupel or Service Deliberation) with 53 congregations namely: West Java Clasis includes 9 Congregations: Jakarta, Tanjung Priok, Jatinegara, Depok, Bogor, Cimahi, Bandung, Cirebon and Sukabumi Klasis Central Java includes 6 Congregations: Semarang, Magelang, Yogyakarta, Cilacap, Nusakambangan and Surakarta East Java Clasis includes 12 Congregations: Madiun, Kediri, Madura, Surabaya, Mojokerto, Malang, Jember, Bondowoso, Banyuwangi, Singaraja, Denpasar and Mataram Klasis Sumatra includes 7 Congregations: Sabang, Kutaraja, Medan, Pemang Siantar, Padang, Bayur Bay and Palembang Klasis Bangka & Riau include 4 Congregations: Tanjung Pinang, Pangkal Pinang, Muntok and Tanjung Pandan Klasis Kalimantan includes 8 Congregations: Singkawang, Pontianak, Banjarmasin, Samarinda, Balikpapan, Tarakan, Sanga-sanga and Kotabaru Klasis Sulawesi include 7 Congregations: Makassar, Makassar, Pare-pare, Watansoppeng, Raha, Palopo, Bone and Malino Currently GPIB consists of 322 Congregations spread from the western end to the central part of Indonesia.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

GPIB is currently the GPIB Synod Session is the highest institution of leadership and authority in the organization of GPIB.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The leadership and authority of GPIB is fully in the hands of the presbiter formation of the GPIB congregation which is carried out in and by the GPIB Synod Session.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The trial of the GPIB Synod is a forum for the existence of unity and unity of all GPIB presbiters to concentrate the organization of vocation and termination, as well as the management of church resources.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

GPIB conducts the Synod Session every 5 years to elect & establish the composition of the members of the GPIB Synod Assembly as well as the members of the Church Treasury Examining Board (BPPG) GPIB, establishing the General Policy of Church Call and Termination (PKUPPG) and the Budget of Revenue and Expenditure Church.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

GPIB also regularly holds GPIB Pastors Convent with Husband/Wife and Annual Synod Trial (PST).


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The last Pastor Convent was held in conjunction with the implementation of the Annual Synod Session (PST) 2016 held at Hotel Papandayan Bandung — West Java.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The 2017 Annual Synod (PST) trial was held at Wisma Athlete Jakabaring Sport City Palembang — South Sumatra, on 7 — 11 February 2017.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

In the GPIB Pastors Convent, GPIB Pastors who are organic/active status (not non-organic/emeritus Reverend) are invited to attend the event.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The GPIB Pastor Convent is filled with various activities such as the evaluation of the Pastor ministry, the debriefing of the Pastors through training materials, sharing the Pastor ministry, and various other activities related to the duties and services of a GPIB Pastor.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The Annual Synod Trial (PST) of the GPIB is an annual synodal activity of the GPIB held every February.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Participants of the Annual Synod Session (PST) are the GPIB Synod Assembly, the Auxiliary Board of the GPIB Synod Assembly, the GPIB Working Unit, the GPIB Mupel Envoy, the Pastors (Chairman of the Assembly of the Congregation) and the Deacons/Elders (Daily Executing members of the Congregation Assembly) messengers of GPIB congregations as well as invitees.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Agenda activities of the Annual Synod Session (PST) include evaluating the performance of GPIB's annual fellowship, service, and work program for the last 1 year, coaching, discussion, and discussing and deciding on the Synodal Work Program of GPIB Activity and Budget for 1 year of service (April the current year — March of the following year).


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Every result and decision of the Synod Trial (PS)/Annual Synod Trial (PST) of GPIB is binding and applied in the Synodal Work Program & Budget, GPIB Mupel and GPIB congregations.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

As per the GPIB Church Rules, the GPIB Synodal Leadership is in the hands of the GPIB Synod Assembly, which is elected and established by the Session of the GPIB Synod.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Leadership at the Congregation level is in the hands of the GPIB Congregation Assembly whose functions & roles are implemented by the Daily Executors of the Congregation Assembly (PHMJ), Members of PHMJ are elected in the Assembly Session of the Congregation and are set by the GPIB Synod Assembly through Decree for a term of 2.5 years.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

In carrying out the duties and responsibilities of ministry in the middle of the Congregation, the GPIB Synod Assembly places GPIB Officials (Pastors, Deacons and Elders) in the Congregation with the following specific duties: Pastor: entrusted specifically to serve the ministry of Word and Sacrament, the affirmation of the sidi, matrimonial blessings, officialdom and herding.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Elder: entrusted specifically the implementation of grazing and service order.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Deacons: entrusted specifically the duties of social diaconia and loving service.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

When the Pastor in a Congregation hinders, the local Assembly appoints one of the Elders to carry out the special duties of the Pastor and report them to the GPIB Synod Assembly.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

GPIB Pastor is a GPIB Officer who is placed in a GPIB Congregation or as a GPIB termination personnel in an organization/institution.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The final education of GPIB Pastors is at least Strata 1 graduate of Theological School or graduate of the Faculty of Theology, a University recognized by GPIB, among others, Jakarta College of Theology, Satya Wacana Salatiga Christian University, Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana Yogyakarta, and High School Intimate Theology of Makassar.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The candidates for GPIB clergy (Vikaris) must follow the Vikariat period in a GPIB Congregation determined by the GPIB Synod Assembly for approximately 2 years before being confirmed in the position of Priest/Servant of the Word and Sacrament of GPIB.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The Vicarists of GPIB were accompanied by 2 mentors (GPIB Pastors assigned by the GPIB Synod Assembly) during the vicariate period.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The place/assignment of GPIB Pastors is governed by the GPIB Synod Assembly and established through the Decree of the GPIB Synod Assembly.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

In structural positions, the Synod Assembly places one or two or more GPIB pastors in a GPIB congregation in the positions of Speaker of the Congregation Assembly and (or) Pastor of the Congregation.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

GPIB recognizes the task (mutation) of Pastors between Congregations/between regions which aims to provide equal opportunities to each GPIB Pastor, refreshment of ministry, knowledge addition, and prefentive measures in safeguarding personnel.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The arrangement of the duties of the GPIB Chaplain is governed by the GPIB Synod Assembly.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The Deacons and Elders of GPIB are GPIB Officials selected from and by the sidi citizens of the GPIB congregation through the stages of the election process of Deacons and Elders of GPIB.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The election process includes the following stages: the formation of Deacons and Elders Election Committee in each GPIB congregation established through the Decree of the Assembly Synod GPIB, census/updating data of sidi congregations, determination of voter lists (sidi congregation residents who have the right to can vote and be selected/can vote but can not be chosen to be a candidate for Deacon and Elder), stage I election to choose the Deacon and Elder candidate, the submission of the administration files of the candidates, the development of the Deacon and Elder candidates, phase II election to select the permanent candidate Deacons & Elders, the development of candidates remain Deacons and Elders, pastoral/herding the prospective candidates/candidates remain Deacons and Elders with Wife/Husband.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The Deacons and Elders are elected, set by the GPIB Synod Assembly through the Decree of the GPIB Synod Assembly and confirmed in the Sunday Worship of the Congregation served by the GPIB Officials assigned by the GPIB Synod Assembly.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

In order to implement the arrangement and development of the call and condemnation, the GPIB formed the Implementing Bodies of the Synod Assembly and the Implementing Bodies of the Congregation Assembly with the following fields/activities: Categorical Services Department of GPIB also has several departments, among others: Department of Theology Department of Pelkes (Ministry and Testimony) Department of Church & Community, Interfaith & Environment Department Department of Development & Empowerment of Insani Resources, Family Role Improvement & R&D Department (Information, Organization, Communication, Research and Research and Development) Department of PEG (Church Economic Development) Crisis Centre GPIB Foundation has a number of foundations to implement various service programs, including: Christian Education Foundation (Yapendik) GPIB Foundation Diakonia GPIB Pension Fund Foundation GPIB GPIB Publishing Work Unit GPIB Apollos Law Foundation GPIB several foundations underlined by Mupel and Congregation.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Pos Pelkes GPIB also has hundreds of Service and Testimony Posts (Pelkes) and several Sections of Congregations (Bajem) scattered in areas in far corners of Indonesia.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The most Pelkes GPIB posts are located in Sumatra Island and Kalimantan, while the Congregation Section is a combination of several Pelkes Posts or several Service Sectors that are being prepared to be instituted into independent Congregations/new congregations that will be separated from the parent congregation.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Currently GPIB has 323 Congregations spread across 26 Provinces.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

GPIB is one of the largest Protestant Churches in Indonesia, with the majority members coming from Eastern Indonesia, but in its current development, GPIB members come from various tribes in Indonesia.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

GPIB service programs include education, health services, national disaster services through GPIB Crisis Centre, Community Development and Empowerment Unit (UP2M) in GPIB Pelkes posts, urban & industrial community development, community services, and others .


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

GPIB also actively establish communication between religious people through the Cross-Faith Cooperation Dialogue Forum.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Publishing through GPIB Publishing, GPIB publishes various guiding books for Presbiters, Child Servants or Teruna, and Congregations and publishes books of worship songs, among others: Sabda Guna Dharma & Sabda Guna Krida: a preaching guide book for Presbiters in the Sunday Church and Household Worship.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Sabda Bina Ummah: a guide book of daily musings for members of the Church.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Sabda Bina Anak: a guide book of sermons & activities for Pelkat PA servants in Sunday Children's Services.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Sabda Bina Anak Diary: a guide book of daily musings for children with Pelkat Child Services.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Sabda Bina Teruna: a sermon guide book for PT Pelkat Servants in the Sunday Worship of the Teruna Fellowship.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Sabda Bina Pemuda: a guide book of daily musings for members of the Youth Movement Pelkat.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Gita Bakti: a hymn book used in every form of worship in GPIB such as Sunday Worship, Household Worship, Pelkat Worship and other worship.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Gita Bakti is used along with Yamuger published ecclesiastical hymn books such as Kidung Kemaat, Kidung Muda-Mudi, Kidung Ceria and Appendages Kidung Kemaat as a source book of ecclesiastical singing.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The GPIB Synod Assembly through the Department of Inforkom & R&D publishes Arcus Magazine regularly every quarter, as a medium of information & communication between GPIB congregations.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The head office of GPIB GPIB Synod Assembly Office is located in the area of GPIB complex “Immanuel” Jalan Medan Merdeka Timur No. 10, Pejambon Central Jakarta.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The GPIB Synod Assembly Office is open every Monday — Friday during business hours and closed/holidays on Saturdays and Sundays.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

GPIB Partners In fulfilling God's call and devotion and the oneness of the Body of Christ, GPIB has relationships with other churches in Indonesia and around the world, in the spirit of mutual acceptance and acknowledging and fulfilling its ecumenical obligations.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

GPIB is a member of: Protestant Churches in Indonesia (GPI) Fellowship of Churches in Indonesia (PGI) Christian Conference of Asia (CCA) World Communion of Reform Churches (WCRC) World Council of Churches (WCC) GPIB is one of the churches that participated in the establishment of the Church Council- church in Indonesia (DGI) which further changed its name to Fellowship of Churches in Indonesia (PGI).


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

GPIB became a member of PGI since the formation of PGI on 25 May 1950. [1]


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

GPIB future In the future, GPIB becomes a church that continues to realize peace for all His creation.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The motto of the GPIB is “And people will come from the East and from the West and from the North and the South and they sit eating in the Kingdom of God (Luke 13:29).”


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The mission of the promulgated GPIB is: [1] Put the Lord Jesus Christ the Savior of man as the Head of the Church to realize the presence of GPIB that brings the complexion of God's peace and become a blessing in the midst of society and the world, and build a missionary congregation that grows, matures in faith, his life is exemplary and makes a real contribution to the progress of the church, society and the Indonesian nation in a spirit of oikoumenis and national.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Reference Resource Library of Basic Rules of Protestant Churches in Western Indonesia Protestant Church Rules in Western Indonesia 2010 GPIB Principal Regulation No. I/2010 on the Congregation of GPIB Principal Regulation Number II/2010 on the Session of the Synod of GPIB Principal Regulation Number III/2010 on Assembly Synod Regulation No. 1/2002 on the Election of Elders and Deacons of GPIB Regulation No. 2/2002 on Proceedings and BPPG GPIB Regulation No. 4 on the Personnel of Pastors and Employees of GPIB Implementation Regulation No. 2 on the Deliberation of GPIB Services Regulation No. 9/1983 about Auxiliary Bodies See also related Churches, among others: Protestant Church in Indonesia (GPI) Evangelical Church in Minahasa (GMIM) Moluccan Protestant Church (GPM) Evangelical Church in Timor (GMIT) Fellowship of Churches in Indonesia (PGI) Links outside Colombia.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Links to other churches, including the GPIB.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

The work of Samuel Mandang. 2013.


Question: When did the Effatha Church stand up?

Official website of GPIB “PANCORAN RAHMAT” Depok (under development) Protestant Church in Western Indonesia Category:PGI Members


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

The history of electronic magazines began as a form of development of one of the modern mass media, namely magazines.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

This type of magazine is called an electronic magazine because of the way it is distributed using electronic methods.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Mass Media and its Development Mass media is a simple term that encompasses countless arrays of institutions and individuals that differ in purpose, scope, method and cultural context [1].


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Mass media includes all forms of information communicated to large groups of individuals using international networks.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

There is no standard for how large a public is required before communication can be categorized as “mass communication”.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

In around the 2000s, a classification called “seven mass media” became popular as a communicator intermediary medium with the public.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

The seven media as well as their development are as follows: Print Media (books, pamphlets, newspapers, magazines and others) from late 15th century Records (LPs, magnetic tapes, cassettes, cartridges, CDs, DVDs) from late 19th century Cinema from around 1900s Radio from around 1910s Television from around the 1950s Internet from around the 1990s Mobile phones from around the 2000s Given the function of mass media that can be defined as the primary agent in the process of international relations, many communication theories are emerging and interpreting the forms of relationships that has resulted from mass media.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

One of the most major communication models defining this relationship as an “exploitation” or “asymmetric dependence” is Boyd-Barrett's theory of “Media Imperialism”, which explains the changes that can occur as a result of a mass medium [2].


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Types of Modern Mass Media According to Straubhaar, La Rose and Davenport, some types of modern mass media include books, newspapers, recorded music, radio, film or video, television, internet and advertising.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

However, according to Kheeshadeh, it is explained that by the end of the 20th century, mass media could be classified into eight mass media industries: books, newspapers, magazines, records, radio, film, television and the internet.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

With the explosion of digital communication technology at the end of the 21st century, forms of media that should be classified as “mass media” have become more prominent.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

In this written work, the medium that will be the focus is the magazine media. E-magazine magazine can be defined as a media periodical publication containing various articles, generally financed by advertising and or purchases by the readers themselves.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

The magazine is usually published weekly, biweekly, monthly, bimonthly or quarterly, with a cover date existing in before the date it was published.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

The magazine itself is often printed in color, and formed with a soft cover [3].


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Magazines can be categorized into two main categories namely consumer magazines and business magazines.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

In more detail, Magazines can be classified as follows: Magazines for public interest (e.g. Frontline, India Today, The Week, The Sunday Times) Special interest magazines (women's, sports, business, scuba diving and others) E-magazine (electronic magazine) which is development of a magazine (magazine) is the name given to a magazine distributed through electronic methods.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Sometimes, E-magazine may also be referred to by the synonyms 'Online Magazine' and 'Webzine'.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

In everyday, E-magazine is better known as' Ezines' [4]. E-magazine was created more focused on people who have a habit of working or working in front of a computer or tablet.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

With the media, e-Magazine can be accessed although basically, E-magazine and magazine have the same function and purpose, namely as a media distribution of information to be read by the public.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

The development of E-magazine Magazines began to flourish in Britain in the 1700s. At the time, the magazine contained both fiction and non-fiction news in various segments, depending on those readers [5].


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

The first magazine published was the English Gentleman's Magazine around 1731, where the distinctive features of the magazine were the elegant side of the magazine and humorous news about literature, politics, history, biography, and criticism [6].


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

This formula still characterizes magazine content whose properties are as varied as humor; fiction; and essays on politics, literature, music, theatre, and famous people.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Around 1920, magazines competed with radio and film as a medium to fill people's leisure time.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Some magazines did not adapt well to competing with competitors and were ultimately unable to survive.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Some quality magazines such as Harper Monthly and Atlantic Monthly are also close to closing although they have loyal subscribers.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

The new magazine then tries to look for people's needs and provide information about those needs [7].


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Successful magazines at the time had very high sales so as to reduce production costs and consumer costs to obtain the magazine [8].


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

As time went on, the magazine became one of the major mass media.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

One of the most popular magazines, Saturday Evening Post focused on American business achievements, inspirational success stories, action stories, romances, and some factual reports.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

However, it did not affect the power of the television mass media that was more widely liked by the public and finally in 1969, the leading magazine mass media in America was declared bankrupt.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Since then, magazines have been difficult to develop and only move “under” television which in that era was much more interesting than magazines [9].


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

After the global economic collapse in 2008, where magazine publishers suffered severe devastation where publishers made the fatal mistake of choosing to apply too expensive prices compared to seeking income from advertising.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

From this moment, the publishers began to look for ideas to be able to improve the situation [10].


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

With circumstances confusing and debilitating the state of the magazine industry, magazine publishers scrambled to correct the mistake.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Their obsession with teaming up with the iPad began in the early days of development, long before it was ultimately released in the spring of 2010 which finally changed the market.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Tablets and mobile phones are seen as one way to make ad revenue fall into disrepair because of its easier and simpler system [11].


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

At the end of 2011, publishers began to feel the impact that could make online magazines experience difficulties and make publishers start publishing arrangements with certain systems so that they could later reach market segments in more detail [12].


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Advantages and disadvantages of E-magazine E-magazine has its advantages and disadvantages compared to magazines.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Some of the advantages and disadvantages of E-magazine according to Straubhaar, LaRose, and Davenport (2012), Mc Cabe (2012) and Kheeshadeh (2012) can be elaborated as follows: The advantages of E-magazine from the Reader side Some advantages of E-magazine when viewed from the reader side include effectiveness and the efficiency of the e-Magazine access system itself, which means that with e-Magazine, the advantages that get are less time and cost to get the information needed or desired.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

In addition, E-magazines can be stored in archive form and can be read anywhere and whenever without fear that the desired news will be lost because they can be accessed through online media.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Disadvantages of E-magazine from the side of Readers Some of the shortcomings of E-magazine include more complicated payment systems due to sometimes having to use credit cards.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

In addition, some things are a disadvantage of E-magazine such as a very narrow segment due to the requisite of the use of E-magazine that requires advanced technology media to be accessible.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

The advantages of e-Magazine from the Publisher side The advantage of e-Magazine from the publisher side is the ease to promote e-Magazine itself due to the development of social media which is very mushrooming, making E-magazine can be promoted simply by putting links on social media or creating Social media accounts to market E-magazine products produced by publishers.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Disadvantages of e-Magazine from the Publisher side Disadvantages of e-Magazine seen from the publisher side is not too much.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

But one of the disadvantages of E-magazine is the difficulty of publishers to reach middle and lower markets that can actually be achieved.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

The impact of the birth of e-Magazine for Culture Society e-Magazine is a new technology based information media.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

The birth of E-magazine will certainly bring about a change in the culture of society, especially the people of Indonesia.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

There are some countries that prefer to reject the new culture because of fear if the new culture will erode the power of the old culture that has become its own custom.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

On the other hand, some other countries prefer to use a new culture because the new culture is able to have a positive impact on people's lives.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

The new cultural phenomenon often referred to as cultural imperialism does bring up pros and cons in certain areas, therefore, the presence of new media such as E-magazine is also not completely acceptable to all countries.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

In Indonesia itself, the impact of the development of the digital world is quite accepted by the public.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

From a total of 255.5 also Indonesians, 72.7 million people are active Internet users and of 72.7 million, it was found that 54.2% were people who use the internet to search for news and current information. [13]


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

With the function of e-Magazine which is a periodic media distribution of news and information, it can be concluded that indeed E-magazine is quite accepted by the people of Indonesia.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Observations Regarding the Impact of e-Magazine on Information Seeking System As previously explained, Indonesians have indeed accepted the cultural change, especially the culture of seeking information that originally used newspapers and magazines, has now evolved into E-magazine.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

This change certainly has a certain impact for the people of Indonesia.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Seen from the cultural side of seeking information, with the presence of E-magazine, Indonesian people are easier to search and get information.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Some upper circles began utilizing E-magazines to search for information without having to waste time to bookstores to buy magazines.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Some examples are such as office employees who can read E-magazines on their way to the office or return trip.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Observation Results Regarding the Impact of e-Magazine on Reading Interests The impact of e-Magazine presence on reading culture also has its own influence.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

With e-Magazine, people who like to travel can start reading magazines online wherever and whenever.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

With a tablet, when picnicking or traveling long distances, people can still read magazines.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

In addition, with the very high flexibility of E-magazine access, it will make the public have a higher intention to read magazines.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Some people who have very busy activities but still want to have updated information about a particular thing will be greatly helped by the presence of E-magazine.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

People who have a very high busyness can continue to follow the information without needing to waste a lot of time searching for books in physical form, so that will make people's reading interest higher.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Convenience is also one of the factors that can increase people's reading interest.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

With lighter technology media and smaller size, making interest in reading magazines will be even higher.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

Tablets are one of the media that really helps people to read E-magazines because of their relatively small shape.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

With the convenience of using tablets, the public interest in accessing E-magazines will certainly increase.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

However, despite all the impact and influence of E-magazine that can be felt by the public today, it can be said that functionally E-magazine (electronic magazine) does not have significant differences with magazines (magazines).


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

The function of the magazine and E-magazine itself is to provide certain information according to the needs and interests of the community and is always updated periodically or periodically.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

So, if viewed from the aspect of communication, both forms of the magazine still have the same function and purpose, namely as a communication medium for the public.


Question: What is the first eletronic magazine in Indonesia?

History of electronic magazines

See also Electronic Magazine Reference Category:Magazine Category:Wikipedia:School and University Projects/UPH2015


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The Old City of Jerusalem (Hebrew: העיר העתיקה, Ha'Ir Ha'Atiqah, Arabic: البلدة القديمة, al-Balda al-Qadimah, Turkish: Kudüs, Armenian: Kudüs, Armenian: Kudghemi hagin k'hak') is the Old City of Jerusalem surrounded by walls located within the area of East Jerusalem in the City of Jerusalem an area of 09 square kilometers (3.5sqmi). [2]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Jerusalem's Old City District is divided into four areas: Muslim Section, Jewish Section (blue), Christian Section, and Armenian Part (which is also the majority of the population is Christian).


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

As of 2007, the total population of the city reached 36,965 with religious population groups in 2006:27,500 Muslims (up to 17,000 in 1967, with over 30,000 in 2013, tendency: increasing); 5,681 Christians (6,000 in 1967), excluding 790 Armenians (decreasing to 500 in 2011, tending to decline); and 3,089 Jews (beginning from absence in 1967, they were expelled after the Old City was controlled by Jordan according to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, with about 3,000 plus 1,500 yeshiva students in 2013, tendency: increasing). [3] [4] [5] The Old City of Jerusalem is also called Baitul Maqdis or Al-Quds.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Within the Old City of Jerusalem, there are many holy sites of Muslims, Christians, and Jews.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

In the southeast corner of Old Jerusalem is Al-Haram Ash-Sharif Complex in which there is the Dome of Shakhrah and Al-Aqsa Mosque and at the corner of the mosque is the Wailing Wall.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Abdullah ibn Umar, a friend of the Prophet Muhammad, expert on hadith and fiqh law said: “Baitul Maqdis is the place of the Prophets and their gathering for worship.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

There is no land in that place that is not used for worship by the Prophets or the Angels”.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

It is also listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site on the proposal of Jordan.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

History According to the Gospel Book, before King David took control of Jerusalem in the 11th century AD the city was home to Jebus.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The Gospel Book describes the city as a formidable city with strong city walls.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The city was built by King Dawud, known as Ir David, or the City of David, built to the southeast of the Old City wall, outside of the Dung Gate area.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

His son Sulaiman expanded the city's fortifications and then in about 440 BC, during the period of the Persian Empire, Nehemiah returned from Babylonia and rebuilt the city.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

In 41-44 BC, Agrippa, king of Judea, built a new city wall known as the “Third Wall.” Muslims took control of Jerusalem in the 7th century AD (637 AD) under the leadership of the second Caliph, `Umar ibn Khattab who added it to the territory of the Islamic Arab Empire.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

After the siege of Jerusalem, Sophronius welcomed `Umar because, according to the Gospel prophecy said to be known to the church in Jerusalem, “a poor man, but a strong man” would come as patron and really with the Jews of Jerusalem.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Sophronius believed that `Umar, a great conqueror and leader of harsh life, fulfilled all signs in the prophecy.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

According to stories from the Patriarchh of Aleksandria, Eutychius, it says that `Umar is welcome to visit the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and sit in the forecourt of said church.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

When the prayer time came, he left the church and performed prayers near his tent.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

He fears for future generations of Muslims who pray in churches or in other religious places than mosques.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Eutychius adds that `Umar also wrote a writ which he entrusted to the Patriarchs, which forbade Muslims from gathering for prayers in this building. [6]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

In 1099, Jerusalem was overrun by Western Christian armies on the First Crusade and taken back from their hands back to the Muslim Arab powers, led by Salahuddin al-Ayyubi, on 2 October 1187.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

He called the Jews and allowed them to reoccupy the city.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

In 1219, the city walls were torn down by the Sultan of Damascus, Mu'azzim; in 1229, by treaty with Egypt, Jerusalem was in the hands of Frederick II of Germany.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

In 1239 he began to rebuild the city walls, but were knocked back by Da'ud, the emir of Kerak.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

In 1243, Jerusalem was again in the hands of the Jews and the city walls were again repaired.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Kharezmian Tatars reached this city in 1244 and Sultan Malik al-Muattam knocked down this wall.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The current city wall was built in 1535-42 the sultan of the Ottoman Sultanate, Solomon the Great.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The wall extends 4.5km (2.8 miles) long, and measures between 5 and 15 metres (16.4—49ft) high, with a thickness of up to 3 metres (10 feet) at the base of the wall. [7]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The Old City Wall has 35 towers, 15 of which are in the northern part. [7]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The Solomon Wall has six gateways, the seventh, the New Gate, was built in 1887.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

In 1980, Jordan proposed the Old City as part of the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. [8]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Old Town was added to the list in 1981. [9]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

In 1982, Jordan proposed the Old City be registered to the List of World Heritage Sites in Danger.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The United States government opposes the proposal, because the nomination is not authorized by the Israeli government. [10]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

In 2011, UNESCO issued a statement reiterating the question of this view that East Jerusalem is “part of the occupied Palestinian Territories, and that the status of Jerusalem should be settled in a permanent negotiated status. “[11]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

JMPL geography|Satellite view of the Old City of Jerusalem and its surroundings|250x250px Old City of Jerusalem is in the middle of the city of Jerusalem on the plateau of the Judea Mountains, adjacent to the Mount of Olives (east) and Mount Scopus (northeast).


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The elevation of the Old Town from sea level is 760m (2,490ft). [12]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The region surrounding the Old Town in is surrounded by several valleys and wadi.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Valleys such as Kidron, Hinnom, and Tyropoeon cross to the south of Jerusalem's Old City. [13]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Kidron is located east of the Old City and separates the Mount of Olives from the city centre.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Along the south side of the town of Lama is the Hinnom Valley, a steep valley called the Gospel as hell. [14]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The Tyropoeon Valley is southwest of the city of Lama, near the Damascus Gate.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

In the Gospels, Jerusalem is mentioned surrounded by plantations of walnuts, olives and cypress trees.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The Old City of Jerusalem is located 60 kilometers (37mi) [15] east of Tel Aviv and the Mediterranean Sea.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

West of the Old City, approximately 35 kilometers (22mi) [16] lies the Dead Sea, the deepest place in the world.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Cities close to Jerusalem's Old City include Bethlehem and Beit Jala to the south, Abu Dis and Ma'ale Adumim to the east, Mevaseret Zion to the west, and Ramallah and Giv'at Ze'ev to the north. [17] [18] [19] The climate of the Old City is categorized greeting the hot climate of the Middle Sea (Köppen: Csa), with heat, summers are dry, and moderate, wet winters.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The city of Jerusalem and its environs experience snowfall every four or three years.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

January is the coldest month of all months of the year, with average temperatures reaching 9.1°C (48.4°F); July and August are the hottest months in Jerusalem's Old City, with an average temperature of 24.2°C (75.6°F), and in the summer months there is no rain.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

And average annual rainfall is around 537mm (21in), with the greatest intensity of rain between October to May. [20]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Snowfall is very rare, large snowfalls are very rare. [21] [22] Jerusalem once received more than 30 centimetres (12in) of snow on December 13, 2013, which almost crippled the city's activity. [21] [22] A day in Jerusalem, 9.3 hours of which there is still the Sun.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

With the average summer temperature as a coastal region, the influence of the ocean from the Mediterranean Sea is strong, this can give Jerusalem a location in a latitude-like place that scorches the hot desert not far east of the Old City.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Jerusalem's highest recorded Old City temperature ever reached 44.4°C (111.9°F) on 28 and 30 August 1881, and the lowest temperature ever recorded was −6.7°C (19.9°F) on 25 January 1907.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Air pollution in Jerusalem's Old City comes mostly from traffic. [23]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Some roads in Jerusalem are not built to meet the needs of a high volume of traffic, causing a build-up of traffic and causing more carbon monoxide to escape into the air.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Air pollution due to industry in the city is extremely rare, but emissions from factories in Israel's Coastal Industrial Area can spread east and settle in Jerusalem City. [23] [24] Economy Historically, the economy of Jerusalem's Old City was supported by religious pilgrims, the Old city is located far from ports in Jaffa and Gaza. [30]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Religious and historic places in Jerusalem currently rank top for inviting visitors from abroad, with the majority of visitors visiting the Wailing Wall and the Old City itself.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

As of 2010, Jerusalem ranks highest as the best tourist destination in Africa and the middle East according to Tavel + Leisure Magazine. [31]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

In 2013, 75% of the 3.5 people who visited Israel visited Jerusalem's Old City. [32]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The Muslim Section Section of the Muslim Section (Arabic: حارة المسلمين Harat al-Muslimin; Hebrew: הרובעהמולמה ha-Rovah ha-Muslemi) is one of the four parts of the boroughs that bounded the fortresses of the Old City of Jerusalem.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The locality covers 31 hectares (76 acres) and is the northeastern sector of the Old Town. [33]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

This section is the widest and most heavily populated part.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The Lion Gate to its east, the northern wall of Haram ash-Sharif to its south, to Damascus Gate—the Western Wall. [34]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The population in the Muslim Section reached 22,000. [34]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The Jewish Section of the Jewish Section (Hebrew: הרובי היהודי, HaRova HaYehudi; Arabic: حارة اليهود, Harat al-Yehud) is one of the four parts of the Old City of Jerusalem.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

This section has an area of 116,000 square meters [35] is in the southeast of the wall-bounded city sector, and begins Zion Gate on the south, as well as the Armenian Section to the west, extended to the Western Wall and the Temple Mount on the east.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

In the early 20th century, the Jewish population in this section reached 19,000. [36]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The Christian Section of the Christian Section (Arabic: حارة النصارى) is one of five sections bounded by fortresses in the Old City of Jerusalem, the five parts being the Muslim Section, the Jewish Section, the Armenian Section and the al-Haram Complex.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

P This section is on the northwestern outer edge of Jerusalem's Old City, and has at least 40 Christian religious sites and sanctuaries, such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, which is one of the holiest churches in Christianity.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The Armenian Section of the Armenian Section was one of four parts fortified by fortresses in the Old City of Jerusalem.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Located in the northwest corner of the Old Town, which can connect with Zion Gate and Jaffa Gate.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

It covers an area of 0.126km² (126 dunam), or 14% of the overall area of the Old Town.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

As of 2007, this part had a population of 2,424 inhabitants (6.55% of the entire Old Town population).


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

If equalized in both criteria, this section is comparable to the Jewish Section.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The Armenian Section is separated with the Christian Section by David Street (Suq el-Bazaar) and by Habad Street (Suq el-Husur) from the Jewish part.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The religious sites of the Old City of Jerusalem are a city sanctified by three religions, namely Islam, Christianity, and Jews.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Jerusalem was sanctified by Jews from 3,000 years ago, by Christians for about 2,000 years ago, and Muslims for 1,400 years.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The 2000 Jerusalem Statistical Yearbook listed 1,204 synagogues, 158 churches, and 73 mosques in Jerusalem City. [37]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Because of this status, several sites were built in the Old City of Jerusalem based on each religion.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Below are the historical buildings built in the Old City of Jerusalem according to religion.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Islam Jerusalem (principally the Old City) is the third holiest place in Sunni Islamic beliefs.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

For about a year, before being permanently moved to Kakbah in Mecca, the qibla (direction of prayer) for Muslims was Jerusalem. [38] [39] The Old City was no longer influential in the worship of Muslims, but the Old City was also sanctified due to the events of the Night of the Ascension of the Prophet Muhammad (c. CE 620).


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Muslims believe that the Prophet Muhammad was miraculously moved in one night from Mecca to the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem, which was raised to Heaven to be united with the previous Apostles and Prophets and to receive the order of the Prayer of the time from Allah. [40] [41] [42] In Sura al-Isra The first verse notes that the purpose of the Prophet Muhammad was al-Aqsa mosque (the most distant place), [43] [44] In the reference to Jerusalem.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

In the Hadith it is written that the sabda of the Prophet Muhammad, the name of Jerusalem as the location of Al-Aqsa Mosque. [45]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Al-Aqsa Mosque, named in the Qur'an, was built on the Shrine Mount under the Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid to commemorate the place where Muslims believe that the Prophet Muhammad ascended to Heaven. [46]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Al-Aqsa Mosque Al-Aqsa Mosque also written Al-Aqsa (Arabic:المسجد الاقصى, Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa, literal meaning: “farthest mosque”) is one of the Islamic religious sanctuaries that became part of the sacred building complex in the Old City of Jerusalem (East Jerusalem).


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The complex where this mosque (within which also includes the Dome of the Rock) is known to Muslims as Al-Haram ash-Sharif or “glorious holy land”.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

This place by the Jewish and Christian people is also known as the Temple (Hebrew: הורוברית, Har Habáyit, English: Temple Mount), the holiest place in Jewish religion which is generally believed to be where the First Temple and the Second Temple once stood. [47] [48] Aqsa is widely considered the third holy place by Muslims.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Muslims believe that Muhammad was appointed to Sidratul Muntaha from this place after previously being taken from Al-Haram Mosque in Mecca to Al-Aqsa in the events of Isra' Mi'raj. [49]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The hadith books explain that Muhammad taught Muslims in the direction of Al-Aqsa Mosque (Baitul Maqdis) up to 17 months after hijra to Medina.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

After that the Qibla of prayer was the Kaaba in the Masjid al-Haram, Mecca, until now. [50]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The understanding of Al-Aqsa Mosque on the Isra' Mi'raj event in the Qur'an (Surah Al-Isra' verse 1) covers the entire Al-Haram al-Sharif area.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The Dome of the Prophet's Dome (Arabic: فبة النبي, Qubbatun of the Prophet, English: Dome of the Prophet), also known as Gabriel's Dome, is a free-standing dome to the north of al-Haram ash-Sharif (Temple Mount) in Jerusalem, which serves more as a symbolic monument than a building religious.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The building is part of the terrace of the Dome of the Rock, and is one of three free-standing domes, built by Ottoman rulers in the al-Haram ash-Sharif area. [51]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The Genealogical Vault of the Genealogical Dome (Arabic: قبة السلسلة, Qubbat As-Pedigree, literal meaning: “chain dome”) is a free-standing dome located on the east side of the Dome of the Rock, in the Old City of Jerusalem.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

As one of the oldest buildings in Al-Haram ash-Sharif (or the Temple Mount, according to Jews and Christians), this dome is not a mosque, but an ordinary prayer place. [52]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The building was originally built by the Umayyad dynasty, and was briefly converted into a Christian chapel by the Crusaders, but was returned again as a place of Islamic worship by the Ayyubiyah.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Renovations over the Genealogical Dome have been carried out by Mamluk rulers, Ustmaniyads, and Palestinian waqf institutions.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Shakhrah Vaults of Shakhrah Dome (Arabic: مسجد قبة الصخرة (read: Qubbah as-Sakhrah), Hebrew: קיפת הילעי (read. :


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Kipat Hasela), Turkish: Kubbetüs Sahra, English: Dome of the Rock, literal meaning: “Dome of the Rock”) is a Jewish and Islamic sanctuary and a major land mark located in the middle inside the walls of the Al-Haram ash-Sharif complex.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The complex itself is within the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem (East Jerusalem).


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The dome of Shakhrah was completed in 691 AD, making it the oldest surviving Islamic building in the world. [53]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Inside this dome is the stone of Ash-Shakhrah which is a sacred place for Jews and Muslims. [54]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The dome of Shakhrah is not a mosque, on the contrary, it is a complex where the Prophet Muhammad stood during the events of Isra and Mi'raj.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Qubbat as-Sakhrah is located in Baitulmuqaddis in the Al-Haram ash-Sharif region.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Qubbat as-Sakhrah is not Al-Aqsa Mosque because Al-Aqsa Mosque is located not far away than this building.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Qubbat Al-Sakhrah is often mistaken for the Mosque of Omar which is where Umar ibn Khattab was afflicted when he arrived at Baitulmuqaddis.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Christian Christians revere Jerusalem for its history in the Old Testament, and as the place of Jesus' life.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

According to the New Testament, Jesus continued his life after his birth [55]. [56] [57] [58] 250px|jmpl|main entrance to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre |Left Church of the Holy Sepulchre Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Latin: Sanctum Sepulchrum, English: Church of the Holy Sepulchre) is a Christian church in the Old City of Jerusalem.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The site is believed by many Christians to be Golgotha, [59] where Jesus was crucified. [60]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

This church has been a Christian pilgrimage destination since the 4th century, as the site of Jesus' death and resurrection.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Via Dolorosa Via Dolorosa (Latin for “Path of Misery” or “Path of Suffering”) was a street in the Ancient City of Jerusalem.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

This path is the path Jesus went through while summoning the cross towards Calvary.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The road is marked by 14 cross points.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The last five cross points are within the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The road became the main destination for pilgrims.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Jerusalem Jews were sanctified by Jews since 3000 years, by Christians for about 2000 years, and Muslims for 1400 years.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The 2000 Statistical Yearbook of Jerusalem listed 1204 synagogues, 158 churches, and 73 mosques in the city of Jerusalem. [37]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The Old City of Jerusalem was sanctified by Jews since King Dawud proclaimed us as the capital in the 10th century BC.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Jerusalem became the site of the Solomon Temple and the Second Solomon Temple.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Although not mentioned in the Torah/Pentateuch, [61] his name is mentioned in the Gospels 632 times.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Today, the Wailing Wall, a building near the Second Temple becomes the second holiest site of the Jewish people after the Temple Mount itself. [62]


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Synagogues around the world were built with altars facing Jerusalem, [63] [64] [65] the Wailing Wall was an important place and was considered holy by the Jews.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

It is a remnant of the walls of the Temple in Jerusalem built by King Herod.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The temple was destroyed when the Jews rebelled to the Roman kingdom in 70 AD.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The length of this wall was originally about 485 meters, and now the rest is only 60 meters.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The Jews believe that this wall is not destroyed because that is where the “Shekhinah” (divine presence) dwells.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

So, praying there is as meaningful as praying to God.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

The Wall (Arabic: أسوار القدس; Hebrew: חומות ירושלים) around the Old City of Jerusalem (about 1km²).


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

In 1535, while Jerusalem was still part of the Ottoman Sultanate, Sultan Suleiman I ordered to have the city walls rebuilt.


Question: What is the area of the city of Bethlehem?

Old City of Jerusalem

Construction of the wall lasted for four years, namely between 1537 and 1541. [66] [67] Reference Gate Outlink Virtual Tourism Coordinates: Category:Jerusalem Category:History of Jerusalem Category:Buildings and structures in Israel Category:Buildings and structures in Palestine


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

Galela is an area located on the coast of the northern part of the island of Halmahera in North Halmahera Regency of North Maluku Province, and it is very strategic because it is located on the lip of the Pacific sea, which separates with Morotai island which is also flanked by two areas namely Subdistrict Tobelo and Loloda Subdistrict, with the boundaries of the area are as follows: - North side borders Loloda sub-district - next to South Bordering Tobelo sub-district - East with Pacific Sea and Morotai island - West with District Mother History Galela Tobelo According to Portuguese report, the inhabitants of the settlements of Tobelo, Galela, especially Tobaru, were perpetrators of cruelty and merciless violence where they attacked the Settlements of Moro people throughout the 16th century.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

“On this island live people called Tavaros (Tobaru).


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

They were primitive people whose pleasure was only in killing whoever could be killed.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

And it is rumored often they kill his wife and children if they do not find anyone else who can be killed”.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

While the Tobaru people lived in the valley of the Mother river, the Galela people lived in settlements by the name of Galela, on the shores of Lake Galela and were under the rule of the Gamkonora rulers on the western shore of the peninsula north of Halmahera.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

They repeatedly attacked the settlements of the Moro people in Mamuya and in 1606 also attacked Tolo.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

The name Tobelo appeared the first time in 1606, when Moro people in Samafo and Cawa were displaced to Tolo to avoid attacks from the inhabitants of settlements called Tobelo located eight miles inland.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

Fifty years later, two Tobelo settlements were recorded namely Tobelo-tia, and Tobelo-tai.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

Both were located inland, away from the reach of the rulers of Gamkonora and Ternate.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

In 1686, Tobelo-tia was described as located on the shore of a lake (thought to be Lake Lina) in the interior north of the district of Kao.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

The settlement was divided in eight regions and was a vassal territory of the Gamkonora ruler represented by a “lawman”.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

The same source explains that Tobelo-tai was located one day sailing south from Galela.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

In the map drawn by Isaac de Graaf, only three settlements along the northern diploma are recorded: Galeta (Galela), Tomueway (on the site of the present-day village of Mawea) and Tubella (Tobelo), located on Lake Lina.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

From this, we can then reconstruct the development.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

In the late 16th century, there was only one Tobelo settlement located eight miles inland from the settlements of the Moro people namely Samafo and Cawa.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

The memory of the single settlements of the Tobelo people is still inherent in the memory of the Ternate people in the 19th century.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

In 1858 there is information from the council of Ternate (Ternaten Court) that mentioned that in the old days there were seven independent petty states in the northern half of Halmahera namely Jailolo, and Loloda respectively under a kolano, Sahu, Tobaru, Tolofuo and Kau under a sangaji and Tobelo and Galela which are large villages that have self-government and are independent of Gamkonora.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

The settlement of the Tobelo people was divided in two between 1606 to 1656.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

Both communities were located inland until before 1686, one of which moved to the waterfront and occupied the no-man's land that used to be settlements of the Moro people.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

There they built settlements, Tobelo-tai and at the end of the 17th century the seaside settlements namely Mawea were added.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

Another community, Tobelo-tia remains on Lake Lina. (then there is no historical record about Tobelo for about 150 years) It was only in 1855 that Tobelo's name re-emerged, as the inhabitants of the “kampong Tobelo” refused to hand over a pirate named Laba to the commander of the warship “Vesuvius”.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

The commander then ordered to embroider the village.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

At the site, it is known as “Berera Ma Nguku” ('burning kampong' in Tobelo language) which is currently located in Gamhoku village ('burning kampong' in Ternate language).


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

After the destruction, its inhabitants were moved to a location opposite the island of Kumo, where the Dutch Governor for the Moluccas ordered the building of new settlements.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

The village is known as “Berera Ma Hungi” ('new kampug' from Tobelo language) and is now known by the name from Ternate language Gamsungi, with the same meaning (new kampung).


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

But by then, settlements of Tobelo people had already spread along the coast of the present-day Tobelo area and some parts of the island of Morotai.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

In 1856, the inhabitants of Tobelo were rumored to live in nine domains (lands or hoanas) of which four of them were inhabited, namely Liena (Lina), Liebatto (Huboto), Laboewah-lamo (Hibua Lamo) and Nomo (Momulati).


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

Other countries were added to these four lands and “no longer bear the name of the country”.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

This reduction from nine to four countries was then linked to the administration of the Dutch government.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

Campen reported in 1883 that these nine lands (hoanas) were Katana, Mawea, Patja, Jaro, Saboea Lamo, Lina, Sibotto, Momulati and Mede but “our (Dutch) government made an arbitrary division into seven parts (hoana), then into five, and now... division into four developed lands”.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

The four lands, namely Momulati, Lina, Sibotto and Saboea Lamo, together form the capital (hoofplast) of Tobello.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

In addition, Campen compiled a list of twenty-four Tobelo settlements, almost all named after rivers, or coastal notches (headlands, bays or islands) where they lived.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

And a century later, in the early 1980s, this was the form with which the Tobelo people identified their territory: twenty-two settlements, all of which were located on the shores and named after the times, rivers, or bays in which they lived, were grouped into four (or five) domain territories (ma hoana) namely Lina, Huboto, Momulati, and Hibua Lamo (the Hibua Lamo hoana originated from the Gura hoana and later replaced the hoana).


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

Together, these four hoanas make up the O Tobelohoka manga ngi, “Tobelo region”.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

Moro people on Earth Halmahera When the Portuguese arrived in the Moluccas in the mid-16th century, they found that the eastern coast of Halmahera, called Morotia, and the island of Morotai were inhabited by people known as “Moro People.” In the region -which is today inhabited by the Tobelo and Galela people- Moro people built many villages on the coast.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

In 1556, there were 46 or 47 Moro villages, each of which had a population of about 700 to 800 inhabitants.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

In the northern half, Moro villages were found from Cape Bisoa in the north to Cawa in the south - near the present town of Tobelo.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

Morotai Island and the smaller island of Rau are inhabited exclusively by Moro people.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

In 1588 there were about 29 settlements there.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

A similar number was reported in 1608.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

The population of the Moro people is very large compared to nearby tribes, even if we read the calculations of the Portuguese missionaries critically.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

Mid-16th century, according to the most conservative estimates the Moro people numbered at least 20,000 people.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

This significant population count is evidence of the fact that, after the Moro people lost in the mid-17th century, the number of remaining population in Halmahera dwindled greatly.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

The settlements of the Moro people were located away from their neighboring tribes such as the Tobelo, Galela and Tobaru in one party.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

The settlements of these three tribes were located deep inland and did not fall within the four main settlements (Tolo, Sugala, Mamuya in Morotia and Cawo in Morotai) that were the territory of the Moro people in 1536, and the settlements of Tobelo, Galela, and Tobaru were also not included in the division eight districts conducted in 1588 (Sugala, Sakita, Mamuya, Tolo, Cawa, Sopi, Mira and Cawo).


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

The Sangaji appointed to these Moro districts had no authority against Tobelo, Galela and Tobaru.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

Moro country has a relationship in terms of tributary relationship with Ternate.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

They provided food supplies for Ternate, as well as for Jailolo and Tidore in smaller quantities.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

In 1536 it was reported that “... the kings of the Moluccas had a land divided among them... those kings had no supplies or natural produce to sustain their kingdom except those they brought from Moro where there was much rice and sago, meat and chicken... people- the Moro were servants (escravos) of these kings”.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

In the division of Moro territory, Ternate shares the largest share.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

It appears that the Moro people also participated in the Ternate military expeditions.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

About 5000 to 6000 Moro inhabitants of Mamuya and Tolo were rumored to take part in the Ternate forces that helped the Portuguese Governor Tristao de Ataide to conquer Jailolo and defeat Spanish forces in 1533.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

The Portuguese then built a strong defence at Mamuya.


Question: What is the boundary of Galela District in the East part?

Galela, North Halmahera

This then started a disturbance for the “tributary relationship” between Moro and Ternate, because afterwards the Moro residents “refused to provide food supplies” for Ternate.