Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

As a consequence of temporary exclusions—which apply to aviation sectors with third countries—the allocation is adjusted to coverage in the European Economic Area. [16]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

According to the European Commission, without action, structural overload will continue in most phase III and will likely reduce the overall effectiveness of EU SPE.


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

To address this problem the European Commission undertook two main initiatives, including: [9] Market Stability Reserves or MSR (long-term) In January 2014, the European Commission published a legislative proposal reforming the structure of the EU SPE in creating Market Stability Reserves (MSRs). [47]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

MSR aims as an adjustment to the supply of allowances based on changes in demand.


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

This proposal was followed by a public consultation (which ended in March 2015), as well as based on the revision of EU SPE Directive phase IV (after 2020). [48]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

The proposal is expected later in 2015; incorporates elements of the 2030 climate & energy framework, and is politically approved in the Emissions Trading System Directive. [48]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

The backloading process (short-term) The member states of the European Parliament adopted the European Commission's proposal on the backloading process in January 2014, which was a preliminary step that delayed the auction of 900 million allowances from the period 2014-2016 to 2019-2020.


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

Thanks to the adoption of MSR, the process of backloading allowances was placed directly within the MSR at the end of phase III period. [49]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

During phase III, the linear factor of reduction in overall annual emissions limits, reached approximately 1.74% of the average total quantity of allowances issued in 2008-2012. [49]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

The main difference in the implementation period between phases I, II, and III is the absence of free allocation for electricity production (with some exceptions of electricity modernization in new member states, based on EU SPE Directive Article 10c), as well as free allocation for rules-based industries harmonization of the European Union; which has been outlined in the Decision of Interchange. [50]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

Amendments to the Registration Regulations Directive 2003/87/EC Article 19 (1) requires that all emission allowances issued from January 1, 2012 onwards must be kept in the central Union Registry on accounts maintained by EU member states. [51]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

This single registration system is operated and maintained by the European Commission, and national registration administrators in all 31 countries participating in the EU SPE, representing more than 20,000 accounts (both corporate and personal). [52] [53] Initially each member state had its own emission allowance registration system.


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

However, in 2012, this system of allowance registration was replaced with a single Union Registry; which provides an aligned basis in the transfer of allowances across the EU. [53]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

Phase III allocation process is carried out centrally in the Union Registry, both for the allocation of allowances to stationary operators, as well as to aircraft operators flying freely, as well as the auction of allowances through a public auction platform and two 'opt-out' auction platforms. [53] [54] [55] Rules of law that regulating the functioning of the Union Registry is Commission Regulation (EU) No 389/2013, [51] [52] [55] which applies to allowances made in the trading period of EU SPE phase III, as well as subsequent periods.


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

In 2013 the Regulation for Registration of this allowance was revised in harmonizing functionality, which is an attempt to incorporate transaction calculation under the Sharing Business Decision. [52] [55] Later this Regulation was amended to the EU Regulation 2018/208 to protect EU SPE environmental integrity. [56] [57] [58] [59] The amendment provides for the marking and restriction of the use of allowances issued by the United Kingdom as of January 1, 2018.


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

The marking distinguishes the expenditure of Great Britain's allowances with other allowances. [53] [60] Those marked allowances are then no longer submitted to fulfill compliance obligations under the EU SPE. [53]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

Submission of verified emissions reports is now due on Monday 11 March 2019, compared to the usual March 31 deadline. [61]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

Revised Registration Regulations provides a mechanism for setting the provisions of EU SPE Directive Article 11a (operators may exchange international credits for allowances). [62]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

This is due to the need to determine the finalization process in the preparation of EU SPE in phase III, with the details of the process of project-based credit exchange (IB and MPB) conducted by the company, with compliance obligations on EU SPE for allowances in the trading period. [62]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

Phase IV (2021-2030) of the European Commission represented a legislative proposal in July 2015 to revise the EU SPE for the period after 2020.


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

This policy is the first step that contains the EU's target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by a value of at least 40% domestically by 2030; which is in line with the 2030 climate and energy policy framework, and is part of the contribution to the Paris Agreement. [15]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

A fund of 2 billion EUR (approximately Rp32.3 trillion) will be established to help the industry and power sector meet the challenges of innovation and investment from the transition stage to the low-carbon economic stage. [16]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

One of the main components of stage IV is to ensure a decrease in the number of free allowances to be distributed effectively and efficiently. [16]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

These policies include: [15] Increasing the rate of emission cuts; where to achieve at least 40% of the EU target, the sectors covered under the SPE must reduce their emissions by 43% compared to 2005, so for this purpose, the overall number of emission allowances will decline at a 2.2% annual rate from 2021 onwards.


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

New rules on targeted carbon leakage, consisting of: revision of the free allocation system to focus on high-risk sectors relocating production outside the EU; allowance of free allowances for new installations and growing installations; flexing rules so that it can be in line with a number of free allowances with production numbers; as well as updating the interdictions, which can reflect on technological progress since 2008.


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

Low-carbon innovation funding and modernization of the energy sector.


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

The presence of input from stakeholders.


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

Carbon offset is an effort that is recognized as reducing carbon emissions inevitably.


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

The balancing of a ton of carbon means a reduction of one ton of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

This is the fastest way to achieve emission reduction and the only way to achieve carbon neutrality. [63]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

Flexible mechanisms (MPB and IB) sometimes merged and referred to as “UN Balancing” are intended as the cheapest source of integrated adjustment instruments, which then become some 'limitation and trade' scheme as with EU SPE. [63]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

Directive 2003/87/EC Article 11a contains the use of CERs and ERUs from project activities, prior to taking effect on international climate change treaties; regulating the possibility of operators exchanging such units for allowances. [64]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

Carbon-balancing projects are typically based in developing countries, and are generally designed to reduce future emissions.


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

This involves launching clean energy technologies or purchasing carbon credits from the Emissions Trading System, or by absorbing CO2 directly from the air through tree planting. [65] [lower-alpha 4] In 2015, the UNFCCC launched a dedicated website where organizations, companies, and a personally can offset their carbon footprint with the goal of facilitating everyone's participation in promoting sustainability. [66]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

Some parties and organizations offset the entire carbon footprint they produce, while others aim to neutralize the impact of certain activities, such as aviation activity.


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

For example, travelers or business people usually visit a carbon balancing web page then use online equipment to calculate their travel emissions, then pay a carbon balancing company to reduce emissions elsewhere in the world by the same amount; thus making its aviation emissions “carbon neutral”. [65]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

In other words, carbon balancing is a tool used to decide local authorities in the world. [67]


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

However, certain aspects of carbon balancing received criticism from some parties. [68] [69] [70] [71] Note See also Greenhouse gases Ozone depletion Paris Agreement Kyoto Protocol UNFCC Reference Further reading Cite uses deprecated parameter |deadurl= (help) (pb: 0-521-01502-2).


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

Cite uses deprecated parameters |deadurl= (help) Outside links Official webpage — EU Directive on setting EU SPE How the Emissions Trading System works (content, relationships, as well as SPE glossary) Key report and assessment “CO2 emissions: EU Member States abuse Emissions Trading System” press release, May 15, 2006.


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

“Environmental effectiveness and economic efficiency of EU SPE: Structural aspects of allocation”, by WWF and Öko-Institut, 9 Nov 2005.


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

Summary of the executive report by Climate Action Network., Library of the European Parliament, June 2012.


Question: does Brexit belong to one form of economic crisis?

EU Emissions Trading System

Case law [2015] EWCA Civ 331 Category:EU


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (Italian pronunciation: [beˈniːto mussoˈliːni]; [1]) is a politician of Italian origin and leader of the National Fascist Party.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

He was dictator of Italy in the period 1922-1943.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

He was forced to step down from the post of Prime Minister of Italy on 28 July 1943 after a series of Italian defeats in Africa.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

After being captured, he was isolated.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Two years later, he was executed in Como, northern Italy.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Mussolini ended a decade just as in Germany the dictator Adolf Hitler did with his Nazis.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

He was known as Il Duce and was the initiator of fascism. [2] [3] [4] The life of Mussolini was born in Predappio, Forlì (Emilia-Romagna).


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

His father Alessandro was a blacksmith and his mother Rosa a schoolteacher.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Like his father, he became a heavy socialist.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

In 1902 he emigrated to Switzerland.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Because it was difficult to find a permanent job, he eventually moved to Italy.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

In 1908 he joined the Austrian newspaper in the city of Trento.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Out of it, he became the editor of a socialist newspaper la Lotta di Class (Class Contention).


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Here his enthusiasm for Karl Heinrich Marx grew greater.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

In 1910, he served secretary of the regional level socialist party in Forlì and his personality developed into an antipatriot.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

When Italy declared war with the Ottoman Kingdom in 1911, he was imprisoned for his peace propaganda.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

This contradicted his later performance.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

After being appointed editor of the socialist newspaper Avanti, he moved to Milan, where he established himself as a leading power over the leaders of Italian socialist labor.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

He believed that the proletarians could be bounded in the fascio movement.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Presumably this was the forerunner of the fascist movement, born in a time when Italy's economy was deteriorating as a result of the war, and unemployment was ubiquitous.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

In March 1919, fascism became a political movement when he formed the Group for Fighting known as the black shirt, a collection of criminals, criminals, and thugs who acted as bouncers for the cukong.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

They look spooky and every day engage fights on the streets.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

After failing in the 1919 election, he developed his group understanding, so it began to gain influence.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

They, the fascists, rejected parliament and put forward physical violence.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Anarchy broke out everywhere.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Liberal governments are powerless to deal with it.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

He brought his “gang”, a large number of fascists on the face, to perform the Marching to Rome.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Seeing a troupe of haunted thugs entering Rome, King Vittorio Emanuele III shrank jeri.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Mussolini was invited to the palace and was given the position of Leader.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

By October 1922, the King asked him to form a new government.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Be Italian-administered fascist government.jmpl|left|230px|Benito Mussolini Execution video His first rush after holding power, was to attack Ethiopia by referring to Charles Robert Darwin's racist view, “Ethiopia a low-class nation, because it includes blacks.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

If it is ruled by a superior race like Italy, it is already a natural result of evolution.”


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

In fact he insisted that nations evolved through warfare.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

So it became Italy that time one of the nations that feared its football.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Unsettling, when he occupied Abbesinia in 1937, the contant of the world gasped.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

His familiar friend in Europe was Adolf Hitler, and they made an alliance, which dragged Italy into World War II on the German side in 1940.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

However, its forces were eventually lost in Greece, Africa, and the Soviet Union (Russia), and Italy itself was eventually overrun by British and United States forces in 1943.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

By then Mussolini had been demoted from his post by king Victor Emmanuel III and was detained in Campo Imperatore, a remote mountain resort in Abruzzo.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Shortly thereafter, German special forces managed to liberate and restore him to power in Northern Italy.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

But, in practice his post at that time was only as a puppet leader.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Whereas those who were actually in power were the people of Nazi Germany.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

The end of his life arrived shortly afterwards when finally Fascist Italy was defeated in 1945.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

He, along with his sir-wife, and three of his loyal supporters were arrested and then shot dead by an Italian resistance group (precisely a communist group) in a village called Giulino di Mezzegra and their bodies were hung upside down then displayed to the public at the gas station in Piazza Loreto, Milan.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Before being hanged, their corpses were laid out in the streets then fired upon many times, spat on, stoned, and kicked by folk angry against Mussolini's lunge and his Fascist Party.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

It aimed to tear down the fighting spirit of the fascists and in retaliation for the cloaking-up of several partisans in the same place by the Axis authorities.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Moments later, the partisans arrested a loyalist and one of the leaders of the fascists, Achille Starace and he was shown Mussolini's corpse.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

He paid homage to the leader shortly before he was shot dead and he himself was hanged with Mussolini's body.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Mussolini's body was later buried in an unmarked tomb in Mussoco.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

A year later, at Easter, the remains of his supporters dug his grave back and were then hidden somewhere called Certosa de Pavia, near Milan.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

The issue of Mussolini's corpse briefly became a controversy in Italy then and eventually, Mussolini's corpse was found and “stored” for 10 years before being buried in Predappio, Emilia-Romagna, his birthplace.


Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

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Question: When did Benito Mussolini die?

Benito Mussolini

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. {{subst: #if: |}} [[Category: {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1883}} || UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of birth missing {{subst: #switch: {subst:uc:1945}} ||LIVING =( living people)}} | #default =1883 births}}] [[Category: {subst: #switch: {subst:uc:1945}} || LIVING =Living people | UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of death missing | #default =1945 deaths}}]] Category:Murdered figures Category:Prime Minister of Italy Category:World War II political leaders Category:Italian fascist figures


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Transjakarta is the first Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) transportation system in Southeast and South Asia, operating since 2004 in Jakarta, Indonesia.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The system was designed based on the successful TransMilenio system in Bogota, Colombia.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Transjakarta is designed as a mode of mass transportation supporting the activities of the capital city which is very dense.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Transjakarta is a BRT system with the longest track in the world (230.9km), and has 243 BRT stations (formerly called stops) spread over 13 corridors (lines), which originally operated from 05.00 to 22.00 WIB, and now operates 24 hours in some of its corridors. [1]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Transjakarta is operated by PT Transportasi Jakarta.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The number of personnel involved in Transjakarta operations (Pramudi, bus attendant, BRT station attendant, and janitor) is approximately 6,000 people. [2]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The average daily number of Transjakarta users is predicted to be around 350,000 people.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

While in 2012, the number of Transjakarta users reached 109,983,609 people. [3]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

In 2011, the system achieved annual peak performance with buses carrying 114.7 million passengers and then in the following years the number declined and in 2014, buses carried 111.6 million passengers, while in 2015 it served 102.95 million passengers.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

In 2016, a new record of 123.73 million passengers was reached. [4] [5] The fare has remained at Rp3,500 per passenger since the beginning of operation. [6]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Transjakarta has the longest BRT system in the world (230.9km in length) in 2017, [7] with 13 major corridors and 10 cross-corridor routes. [8]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Three more corridors are scheduled to start in 2014 or 2015 and will partially increase while the existing corridors are at ground level. [9]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

In addition there are 18 feeder routes that continue past the end of the exclusive busway to cities around Jakarta and use special buses that allow to board on the ground level or platforms of Transjakarta station.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Transjakarta had a total of 80 routes (corridor, cross route & feeder route) by the end of 2016. [10]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Significant increase of 41 routes in 2015.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

While TransJakarta contracted 1,056 buses in 2016 and also increased significantly from 605 buses in 2015. [11]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Transjakarta has more than 1,500 buses in the first three months of 2017 and targets to have 3,000 buses by the end of the year. [12]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

On 10 November 2014, Transjakarta unveiled its new logo and was unveiled by Plt.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Governor of Jakarta Province, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The new logo was a dark blue circle with two white diagonal stripes.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Next to the circle there is the inscription “Transjakarta” with two colors, the word “Trans” uses light blue, while the word “Jakarta” uses dark blue [13].


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

In addition to the color change, the letter J on the word has longer legs drawn to the bottom of the word “Trans” with a gradation of dark blue to light blue.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The logo is the work of Fakhri Azmi, 20 years old, winner of Transjakarta logo design competition which was attended by 2,250 participants [14].


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

History The idea of building the Bus Rapid Transit project in Jakarta appeared around 2001.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Then this idea was followed up by the then Governor of Jakarta, Sutiyoso.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

An institute called Institute for Transportation & Development Policy (ITDP) became an important party accompanying the planning process of this project.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The initial concept was created by PT Pamintori Cipta, a transportation consultant who has often cooperated with the Department of Transportation DKI Jakarta.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

In addition to private parties, there are several other parties who also support the success of this project, including the American aid agency (USAID) and The University of Indonesia's Center for Transportation Studies (UI-CTS). [15]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Transjakarta started its operations on January 15, 2004, marked by the inauguration of Corridor 1, with the aim of providing faster, convenient, and affordable transportation services for Jakarta residents.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Since the beginning of the operation of Transjakarta, ticket prices were set to be subsidized by the local government.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

In order to socialize and the introduction of mass transit to the public, in the first 2 weeks of operation (15-30 January 2004) Transjakarta users are not charged tariffs.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Starting from February 1, 2004, Transjakarta tariff began to apply at Rp2000.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

In 2012, the Department of Transportation DKI Jakarta decided to raise the Transjakarta fare to Rp3500. [6]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Some post-inauguration development of Corridor 1 continues to be carried out, including bus driver vacancies open for women, improvement of bus infrastructure and BRT stations, enactment of women-only zones [16] [17] [18], placement of officers in buses [19], sterilization of Transjakarta line with manual and automatic portals [20] [21] [22], trials of contra-flow systems (Transjakarta line opposite direction to intersect public lanes) [23] [24], as well as services for disabled users under the name “Transjakarta Cares”. [25] [26] After Corridor 1 was successfully operated, corridor- Further corridors began to be built and inaugurated in stages: Corridor 2 and 3 were inaugurated on January 15, 2006. [27] [28] [29] [30] Corridor 4, 5, 6, and 7 were inaugurated on January 27, 2007. [31] [32] [33] Corridor 8 was inaugurated on February 21, 2009. [34] [35] [36] Corridor 9 and 10 was inaugurated on 31 December 2010. [37]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Corridor 11 was inaugurated on December 28, 2011. [38]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Corridor 12 was inaugurated on February 14, 2013. [39]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Corridor 13 was inaugurated on 16 August 2017. [40]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Transjakarta support transportation continues to be pursued.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Feeder bus lines (feeder busway) were also operated in 2011 in three areas, namely SCBD, Puri Kembangan, and Tanah Abang [41], but were closed in December 2012 because operators considered the routes deserted users and incurred losses. [42]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Currently, Transjakarta supporting transports consist of feeder buses operating within the city and in border areas.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

On 21 April 2016, coinciding with Kartini Day, PT Transportasi Jakarta launched women-only buses.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

There were two women-only buses launched.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The bus is white-pink and only operates on Corridor 1 only.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

As the name implies, the bus can only be boarded by female users and the bus is driven by female pramudi. [43] [44] Fleet bus type JMPL|Transjakarta Scania K320IA bus body Laksana Cityline 2 used in Corridor 1, 5 and 9A (TJ) and Corridor 2, 2A, 3, 7C, 8, 9, 9B , 9C and 10 (MB) JMPL|Zhongtong Bus cooperated buses used in Corridor 1 and 8 (DAMRI) and Corridor 9 (TJ) Transjakarta operated using 669 bus units [45] [46], consisting of single buses and cooperated buses.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The buses used as Transjakarta freight fleet are: [47] Corridor 1 Zhongtong LCK6180GC Orange-red (DAMRI) Scania K320IA Collaborator Bus light-blue (TJ + MB) Scania K340IA White-blue (TJ) Bus Mercedes Benz OH 1526 white-blue and TJ Vintage Bus Edition (TJ) Mercedes Benz OH 1526, Women-only Bus, White-pink (TJ) Bus Mercedes Benz OH 1626 AT, White-dark blue and PPD Vintage Edition (TJ) Bus Scania Maxi K310IB 6×2 (MYS) Volvo Maxi B11R Bus 6×2 (SAF) Corridor 2 Scania K320IA, white-light blue (MB Bus) Ania Maxi K310IB 6×2 (MYS) Bus Mercedes Benz OH 1626 MT white-dark blue (PKT) Bus Mercedes Benz OH 1626 AT dark blue (MYS) Corridor 3 Joint Bus Scania K320IA white-blue (MB) Bus Scania Maxi K310IB 6×2 (MYS) Mercedes Benz Bus OH 1626 AT, dark white-blue (MYS) Corridor 4 Bus Hino RK8JSKA (PPD) Scania Maxi Bus K310IB 6× 2 (MYS) Volvo Maxi Bus B11R 6×2 (SAF) Bus Mercedes Benz OH1626 AT white-blue (MYS) Corridor 5 Inka Inobus ATC 320 Series orange-red (DAMRI) Zhongtong Bus LCK6180GC orange-red (TJ+DAMRI) Hino Bus RK8JSKA blue (PPD) Mercedes Benz Bus OH-1526, White-light blue (TJ) Bus Mercedes Benz OH -1626 White-dark blue (TJ) Joint Bus Scania K320IA white-light blue (TJ) Bus Mercedes OC 500 RF 2542 with typical livery Ancol (TJ) Corridor 6 Bus Hino RK8JSKA blue (PPD) Bus Mercedes Benz OH 1526 white-blue (TJ) Bus Scania Maxi K310IB 6×2 (dark blue MYS) Hino Bus RK1JSNL CNG white- dark blue (TJ) Bus Mercedes Benz OH 1626 AT white-blue and Vintage green (MYS) Bus Volvo Maxi B11R 6×2 white-blue (SAF, relief bus only and not fixed) Mercedes Benz OC 500 RF 2542 bus with typical livery of Ragunan Zoo (TJ) Corridor 7 Bus Hino RK8JSKA blue (PPD) Corridor 8 LCK6180GC Orange-Red (DAMRI) Bus Scania Maxi K310IB navy white-blue (MYS) Joint Bus Scania K320IA White-blue (MB) Bus Hino RK8JSKA blue (PPD) Bus Mercedes Benz OH 1626 AT dark white-blue (MYS) Bus Volvo Maxi B11R 6X2 (Dark Blue SAF) Corridor 9 Cooperation Bus Zhongtong LCK6180GC Orange-red (TJ+DAMRI) Joint Bus Scania K320IA white-blue (TJ + MB (TJ, operating only in corridor 9A)) Mercedes-Benz Bus OH-1526 white-blue, white-pink (TJ, only operates in corridor 9A) Mercedes-Benz Bus OC 500 RF 2542 white-blue (TJ) Bus Scania Maxi K10xi IB 6×2 White-Dark Blue (MYS) Bus Mercedes Benz OH 1626 AT, white-dark blue (MYS) Volvo Maxi Bus B11R 6X2 White-Blue (SAF) Corridor 10 Bus Hino RK8JSKA Blue (PPD) Yutong ZK6180HGC Joint Bus, Orange-red (TJ) Scania K320IA White-blue Bus (MB) Mercedes-Benz Bus 1526 white-blue (TJ, only as a relief bus only) Zhongtong Cooperated Bus LCK6180GC red-yellow (TJ) Bus Mercedes Benz OC 500 RF 2542 White-Blue (TJ) Bus Scania Maxi K310IB dark blue (MYS) Bus Mercedes Benz OH-1626 MT white-blue (PKT) Bus Mercedes Benz OH 1626 AT, dark white-blue (MYS) Volvo Bus Maxi B112 white-dark blue (SAF) Corridor 11 Bus Hino RK8JSKA blue (PPD) Bus Volvo Maxi B11R 6×2 dark blue (SAF) Bus Hino RK1JSNL CNG white- dark blue (TJ) Corridor 12 Bus Hino RK8JSKA blue (PPD) Corridor 13 Bus Mercedes-Benz OH-1526 white-blue (TJ) Bus Mercedes-Benz OH-1626 AT TJ) Mercedes-Benz OH-1626 Blue-white Bus (Vintage Edition) Night Transport (Amari) and Early Morning Transport (Andini) Hino RG Bus J08C-TI (BMP) Mercedes-Benz OH1521 Intercooler OM366LA yellow-red (BMP) Hino Bus RK8JSKA orange-red (TJSB) (selected routes) Toyota Dyna Bus Feeder Bus Fleet 110FT white-blue (KAJ) Hino Bus RK8JSKA blue (PPD) Hino Bus RK8JSKA orange-red (TJSB) Mitsubishi Colt Bus FE84G white-orange (TSW (MiniTrans)) Bus Scania K250UB (4x20) AT white-orange (TJ (MetroTrans)) Bus Mercedes-Benz O 500 U 1726 AT white-orange (TJ (MetroTrans)) Degree Bus “Jakarta City Tour” Bus Numbering is TJW-100**): [48] [49] [50] Decker buses Bus Coach International (BCI) green-purple Man R37 decker bus Nusantara Gemilang Coca-Cola (Red, CSR results) Tower Bersama Group (Blue, CSR results) CIMB Niaga (Red, CSR results) [49] Mercedes Benz OC500RF 2542 caroseri New Armada Alfamart (Blue, CSR results) Arta Graha Group (White, White CSR results) Agung Sedayu Group (White and blue, CSR results) Mercedes Benz OC500RF 2542 karoseri Nusantara Gemilang Tahir Foundation (Yellow, CSR results) Dulux (Purple, CSR results) In the future, transjakarta will use buses made by Hino, Scania K320IA Euro 6, AAI Komodo Euro 5, Foton BJ6180CTD, Mercedes-Benz O500MA 2831 CNG, buses made by PT Inka Inobus SGL 290 (4x2) A/T Series and Inobus ATC 340 Euro 5 Series and several other brands that will use BBG. [51] [52] Not only that, transjakarta will also operate high-floor maxi diesel buses branded as Volvo B11R, Scania K310IB 6x2, and MAN RR4 13.5 meters in order to accommodate more passengers. [53] [54] [55] [56] In the future it is also recommended that there will be low-floor diesel buses brands Scania K250UB and Mercedes-Benz O 500 U 1726 to accommodate people with disabilities. [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] In addition, the low-floor bus will also be used during the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta. [59] [60] Related to the operation of this low-floor bus will also be in line with the revitalization of BRT stations, sidewalks, and Jakarta city buses to be more friendly to people with disabilities. [62] [63] General specifications All Transjakarta buses (except Amari bus, Mercedes Benz OH-1526 bus, Hino RK Bus grant Kemenhub, Toyota Dyna bus, Hino TJSB, and Scania K310IB fueled diesel/biodiesel) are gas (BBG) type CNG, and filled in certain SPBG.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

These buses are made using certain materials.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

For the interior of the bus ceiling, use a material that is fireproof so that in the event of sparks will not radiate.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

For the skeleton, use galvanil, a type of mixed metal of zinc and iron that is sturdy and stainless (in certain buses). [64]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Transjakarta buses have doors located higher than other buses so they can only be boarded from Transjakarta BRT station (also known as shelter, formerly known as Transjakarta stop).


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Bus corridor 2, corridor 3, Amari and Andini buses have one pair of doors located in the right and left central sections.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

For coupled buses have three pairs of doors, namely front, middle, rear right and left.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

While the single bus has two pairs of doors, namely front and rear right and left. [65]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Bus doors use 2 systems namely folding system and automatic sliding system controlled from the console on the driver panel.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The door opening mechanism on certain buses (2006-2009 production fleet, PPD fleet, as well as Lorena cooperated buses) has been changed to a sliding system to better accommodate the density of passengers at certain hours, near the passenger seats whose rear is the line shifting door, mounted safety made of acrylic glass to avoid banging on parts of the passenger body by the shifting door. [65]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Each bus is equipped with electronic notification boards and loudspeakers that notify the BRT station that will soon be passed to passengers in 2 languages, namely Indonesian and English.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

However on the new bus buses (except Hino TJSB) only use Indonesian but beep twice.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Each bus is also equipped with a means of radio dial communication that allows drivers to provide and get up-to-date information about congestion, accidents, passenger items left behind, GPS, as well as other features (found on the new bus).


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Each bus displays information about the bus in operation (Bus code, appeal to users, and Transjakarta call center). [65]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

To anticipate emergency matters and in order to support comfort and safety, on each bus has been equipped with glass breakers available in several parts on each bus, emergency buttons above the bus doors, emergency exits (specific buses), and CCTV connected with the screen is on the bus driver's dashboard (found on the new bus bus). [65]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

In August 2011, operator Transjakarta installed cameras on one bus for a trial period.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The plan is to install four cameras on each bus in stages in an effort to improve services such as notifying passengers waiting for a bus about how dense the bus is traveling, and to prevent sexual harassment of its services. [66]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Main Corridor Corridor Until 2017, Transjakarta had 13 of 15 major corridors planned and integrated each corridor and spread throughout Jakarta. [67] [68] Corridor 13 was swapped into corridor 15 (and vice versa, changed from the initial planning), considering Ciledug-Tendean line condition (15) is more ready to be built than Kalimalang line (13). [71]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Starting from corridor 13 to 15, TransJakarta line will be built elevated (overpass) BRT station corridor 1 reduced to 17 BRT stations due to MRT project.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Pluit BRT station for corridor 12 is CLOSED so corridor 12 only serves until Penjaringan BRT station then directly to Landmark Pluit BRT Station.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Cross corridor routes and express routes In addition to the 13 major corridors, PT Transportasi Jakarta (formerly named BLU Transjakarta) also creates cross-corridor routes and express routes on several major corridors, to facilitate users who want to avoid transit during travel and reduce density at rush hour.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Operations of cross-corridor routes and express routes began on November 1, 2007.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Starting October 23, 2017, PT Transportasi Jakarta modified several bus routes that cross the infrastructure development project area to avoid congestion occurring around the project.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

There are two types of route modification services, namely cross service and express service.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Routes with express service would cross toll lanes to avoid infrasctructure project areas.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

While routes with cross services will use other corridor lines that are still sterile to avoid jammed areas in infrastructure projects. [72] [73] [74] (*) only operate on weekdays (Monday-Friday). (**) only operate on weekends (Saturday-Sunday). (***) only operate if There is an event in PRJ. (****) is valid only one way. (*****) some buses there are terminating the journey in Puri Beta 2 and some are also ending the journey in Ciledug CBD.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Night Transport (Amari) and Early Morning Transportation (Andini) Amari and Andini are Transjakarta services available every night (22.00-05.00 WIB) and only stop at certain BRT stations close to crowded or residential centers.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

As of 6 May 2015, there are 7 corridors serving Amari and Andini.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Starting from January 11, 2016, Amari/Andini stop at every Transjakarta BRT station. [75] [76] [77] BRT station Facilities of JMPL BRT station|Harmoni Central Busway BRT station seen from the bridge crossing Transjakarta BRT Station (before September 4, 2016 referred to as Transjakarta/Busway Stop) designed differently from other public transport stops.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The height of the platform (BRT station floor) set is 110cm high from the street surface, adjusting to the height of the bus doors.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The location of Transjakarta BRT station is generally in the middle of the road, except one-way streets and roads with minimal road limiting areas.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Access to BRT stations located in the middle of the road using bridge crossings made ramps and made of aluminum and steel (except pre-existing crossing bridges) or provided crossings usually located near traffic lights or made zebra cross.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

BRT stations located on the roadside are equipped with public transport stops beside Transjakarta BRT station. [78]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

BRT station construction is dominated by aluminum, steel, and glass materials.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

For some corridors, BRT station floor construction uses concrete (new BRT station).


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Air vents are provided by providing aluminum grilles on the sides of BRT stations.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The floor of the BRT station is fabricated from steel plate.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

BRT station doors use an automatic sliding system that will lansung open by the time the bus has docked at the BRT station but many are out of service.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

At the BRT station, seating, bins (certain buses), free Wi-Fi (at certain BRT stations), and information boards regarding Transjakarta routes or others. [78]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Some BRT stations have their own characteristics, especially those transit stations.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Harmoni Sentral BRT station as well as several BRT stations thereafter until Glodok BRT station, stand above the flow of the Ciliwung River, which makes it pumped with large-sized steel transverse above the water flow.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

For transit points that are not within 1 BRT station (2 different BRT stations corridor but adjacent), a transit access bridge is provided for Transjakarta users. [78]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Transit BRT station On 13 Transjakarta corridors, there are several BRT stations serving more than 1 corridor.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The following is a list of major transit BRT stations operating on 13 corridors.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

For BRT stations Pulogadung 1 and Pulogadung 2 although they are in the same place, but these BRT stations are not integrated directly.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

So, if making a transit at this BRT station from corridor 2 to corridor 4 or vice versa, have to re-tap-in at the gate and make a repayment.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Border feeder feeder service Starting April 25, 2016, PT Transportasi Jakarta operates routes to 5 buffer cities.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

At the beginning of its operation Transjakarta first served Bekasi City and Depok City, while the route to Tangerang City was operated on 26 May 2016, and the route to South Tangerang City was operated on 6 June 2016.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The route to Bogor City is still in the route study phase and will be operated in stages, but cannot be served because the subsidy is too large. [79]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Unlike TransjaBoDetabek, Transjakarta bus fare to this buffer area is the same as Transjakarta fare in general, which is IDR 3,500,00, and there is no additional charge at the stop at the busway stop or when entering the buffer area. [80] [81] Starting on May 26, 2016, Transjakarta started serving routes to Tangerang City with routes Poris Plawad—Pasar Baru and Poris Plawad—Bundaran Senayan. [82] [83] Starting June 6, 2016, Transjakarta routes to South Tangerang City have been operated with Ciputat—Bundaran HI (Tosari) and BSD City—Slipi routes. [84]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

As of June 20, 2016, Transjakarta operates the Depok—BNN Terminal route as a replacement for Transjabodetabek Depok—Grogol which has been inoperative since a few months ago. [85]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Passengers who will ride from the buffer area not through the stop, but wait on the side of the road where there is a picture board with the bus reads, “STOP, Transjakarta feeder bus”.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Passengers are only allowed to board and disembark at designated transport points.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

RoyalTrans Starting March 12, 2018, Jakarta Transportation Management Board (BPTJ) and PT Transportasi Jakarta operate RoyalTrans services as part of the implementation of odd-even allotment on the Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The operation of the service is part of the TransjaBoDetabek Premium program run by BPTJ.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The bus runs on a special lane of public transport (road shoulder) motorway.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Unlike other Transjakarta buses, this bus does not raise passengers at BRT station and has a fare of Rp20,000.00, and has Wi-Fi facilities, USB chargers, TV, drinking bottles in each passenger seat, and seats that can be arranged according to your wishes (reclining seats).


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

At the points of departure there are parking bags for residents who want to use public transportation with a flat parking rate of Rp10.000.00 just simply showing the TransjaBoDetabek Premium/RoyalTrans ticket. [86] [87] [88] RoyalTrans Using Mercedes Benz Fleet of 917 (TJ) Here are those routes served by RoyalTrans.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Description: Stop at BRT station only for buses heading towards Jakarta, for reverse direction buses do not stop at BRT station.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Not raising passengers at BRT stations.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Operates every weekday (Monday-Friday) at 05.00-09.00 WIB and at 17.00-20.00 WIB.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Metrotrans/Minitrans In addition to feeder in the border area, PT Transportasi Jakarta also operates Transjakarta bus feeder whose reach area is located around Jakarta.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

All Transjakarta feeder bus fleet using medium bus Toyota Dyna 110FT (EK-Kopaja AC) which is carried out by Kopaja, there are also some feeder buses that use a yellow-red Hino RK8 R260 bus whose procurement is carried out by PT Transportasi Jakarta itself, there are also who uses relief buses from the Ministry of Transportation with blue Hino RK8 R260 bus types from PPD operators, [89] [90] and Scania K250UB Low Entry and Mercedes-Benz O 500 U 1726 for MetroTrans routes.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Passengers who will ride from the area where there is no BRT station do not go through the stop, but wait on the side of the road where there is a picture board with the bus reads, “STOP, Transjakarta feeder bus”.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

And the following lists those MetroTrans and MiniTrans routes that operate and routes that are still under plan. (*) only operate on weekdays (Monday-Friday). (**) only operates on weekends (Saturday-Sunday). (***) operates on certain days only.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

PRJ Kemayoran Feeder Starting May 22, 2018, PT Transportasi Jakarta opens PRJ Kemayoran feeder route which only operates when there is an event at Jakarta International Expo.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The routes are as follows: [91] [92] [93] Note: Only operate if there are events in PRJ.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Operating time adjusts operating hours in Pekan Raya Jakarta.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

KRL station feeder In addition, PT Transportasi Jakarta also provides feeder buses at KRL Jabodetabek railway station so that KRL passengers do not have trouble to change modes of transportation. [94]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The feeder buses have operated at Tebet Station, Palmerah Station, Manggarai Station, and Tanahabang Station.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The other station is planned to be served by Transjakarta Feeder in 2016-2017. [95]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Starting on December 28, 2016, PT Transportasi Jakarta piloted a new KRL station feeder route with Bekasi—Pulo Gebang Station route to improve transportation services for the people of Bekasi City and Jakarta.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

In addition, the route is also useful for users of KRL Commuter Line services and long-distance trains to get to Pulo Gebang Terminal. [96]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Starting December 28, 2017, PT Transportasi Jakarta and BPTJ operate routes from and to Sudirman Baru Station to facilitate mobilization of passengers who will ride the Soekarno-Hatta Airport train. [97] (*) shortened the route at 08:00 - 18:00 to Iskandar Muda - Pasar Tanah Abang (**) only operates on weekends (Saturday-Sunday). (***) only operates on weekdays Flats feeder In addition, PT Transportasi Jakarta also provides free feeder bus transportation to 10 rusunawa for rusunawa ID card holders. [98] [99] For those who do not have a flat ID card charged a rate of Rp.3,500, -.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Free bus service In 2016, PT Transjakarta launched a free bus service with the route Bundaran Senayan — Harmoni pp. for DKI Jakarta residents affected by the ban on motorcycles on Jl. MH. Thamrin.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

These buses run on regular lines instead of BRT lines as usual. [100] [101] [102] Starting 22 December 2017, PT Transportasi Jakarta opened a new free bus route with the name “Tanah Abang Explorer” which only circles the area of Tanah Abang.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The opening of the route is part of the arrangement of Tanah Abang area by closing Jalan Jatibaru section from vehicle access and intended for street vendors.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The bus service operates from 08.00-15.00 WIB. [103] [104] Here is a list of free bus service routes operated by PT Transportasi Jakarta.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Jak Lingko Before the OK Otrip program runs, on April 3, 2017, PT Transportasi Jakarta collaborated with Wahana Kalpika Cooperative (KWK) to provide environmental transportation integrated with Transjakarta stop.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Users who want to take Transjakarta buses can ride KWK transportation for free at certain hours.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Outside of these hours, users cannot use the card to ride KWK freight for free. [105] [106] [107] Integration service with KWK officially ended on December 31, 2017.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

For further integration services with small buses will be integrated with OK Otrip program. [108] [109] On October 8, 2018, OK Otrip officially changed its name to Jak Lingko. [110]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Here is the Jak Lingko transport route integrated with Transjakarta BRT station.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Tour buses In addition to Transjakarta buses, PT Transportasi Jakarta also manages 26 free tier buses that run from the city to Senayan and vice versa.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

This level bus is manufactured by Weichai (5 buses, in purple-green), MAN (2 buses, red, PT Coca-Cola Indonesia grant, as well as blue, Tower Bersama Group grant), and Mercedes-Benz (6 buses, 5 yellow buses, Tahir Foundation grant; 1 blue-white bus, PT Sumber Alfaria grant Trijaya). [48] [49] [50] This is a level bus route serving the following.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Tickets and fares Electronic ticket Ticket system at Transjakarta BRT station since 2013 uses electronic card (e-ticketing), in lieu of cash. [111]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Corridor operators do not issue such cards, but instead use prepaid cards issued by banks.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The banks are Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRIZZI), Bank Central Asia (Flazz), Bank Negara Indonesia (OK OTrip, Tapcash, My Card, and Rail Card), Bank Mandiri (e-money, e-Toll Card, Indomaret Card, and GazCard), Bank DKI (JakCard), and Bank Mega MegaCash.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The card can be purchased at prepaid card provider banks and counters at all Transjakarta BRT stations for Rp 40,000.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Balance replenishment can be done at ATMs, related banks, and BRT station counters. [112]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The card, (except for Bank DKI (JakCard) and Bank Mega MegaCash), can also be used as a Commuter Line ticket. [113] [114] E-ticket users do not need to queue at the BRT station counter, simply by tap-in at the BRT station entrance (barrier) and enter the station.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

If the balance is exhausted, then when tap-in the barrier door cannot be turned and the card user can recharge at the station counter.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

All Transjakarta users who will exit the BRT station do not tap-in anymore, simply by passing the station exit barrier. [115]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

From November 2014 to February 2015, full e-ticket began to apply for 12 busway corridors.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Full e-tickets are applied every 2 weeks on Saturdays (until December 13, 2014 for corridors 10, 11, and 12).


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

These stages end on Sunday, February 15, 2015 where e-ticket trials are valid in corridors 4 and 6 and a week after (February 22, 2015) full e-ticket in all Transjakarta corridors (including corridors 4 and 6). [116]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Starting from August 17, 2016, all Transjakarta users are required to tap-out upon exit from Transjakarta BRT station.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

For Transjakarta users who ride from the buffer area at the time of tap-out users can show proof of transaction to officers later assisted by officers at BRT station.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

This tap-out system will initially only apply in Corridor 1, while other corridors will be put in place gradually. [117]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The plan is that on 11 January 2017 Transjakarta will enforce a “One Man One Ticket” system where Transjakarta bus users are required to have their own e-ticket.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

This aims to get accurate data related to the origin and destination of each passenger so as to provide better service in the future [118].


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

However, eventually these plans were postponed to an undetermined time.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

This is due to waiting for the readiness of Transjakarta passengers for the implementation of this system [119].


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The TJ Card, introduced in January 2018, provides free rates for holders, and is available to seniors over 60 years old, residents of Thousand Islands Regency, disabled people, low-income households, teachers, jumantic cadres and mosque administrators in addition to military and police members. [120]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Transjakarta fare at 05.00 - 07.00 WIB amounted to IDR 2.000, while at 07.00 - 23.00 WIB amounted to Rp3,500. [6]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Transjakarta is sudsidi by the Jakarta Provincial Government using funds from the APBD.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

On certain days (e.g. Jakarta Anniversary June 22, January 1 New Year, etc.) Transjakarta users are exempt from tariffs (free of charge).


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

As of January 6, 2016, Transjakarta/Transjabodetabek rate for the entire corridor is IDR 3,500.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

At night operations (Amari) at 23:00 - 05.00 Transjakarta fare fixed IDR 3,500 Passengers At rush hour, people from upper or middle class (one of Transjakarta's main targets) usually prefer to use private cars or taxis to avoid bus inconvenience Transjakarta is congested despite having to endure congestion.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Many passengers are thus lower-middle class people who are users of other less convenient and/or more expensive commercial buses. [121]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

This situation contradicts one of Transjakarta's goals, which is to reduce congestion during rush hour by convincing private car owners to use convenient public transportation. [122] [123] There is a special program for school students called Transjakarta goes to school.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Participants in the program there are assigned special buses.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The goal is to train students to queue up, be decent, and prefer public transportation rather than private vehicles. [124] [125] The manager of PT Transportasi Jakarta PT Transportasi Jakarta is the manager of Transjakarta which was originally named the Public Service Agency (BLU) Transjakarta and Unit Transjakarta Busway Manager (UPTB).


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The institution was formed in 2003 based on the decree of the Governor of DKI Jakarta Province Number 110/2003 on the Establishment of BP Transjakarta.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

In 2006 it was renamed to BLU Transjakarta based on Governor Regulation Number 48 of 2006, then became Managing Unit.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

UPTB is under the Department of Transportation of DKI Jakarta Province. [126]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The institution was dissolved at the end of 2013 and replaced by PT Transportasi Jakarta which is a Regionally Owned Enterprise (BUMD) which was officially established on March 27, 2014. [127]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

PT Transportasi Jakarta has authority over the operations of all corridors and working areas of Transjakarta and conducting supervision and coordination with corridor operators, bus fleet providers, and SPBG pool managers.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The President Director of PT Transjakarta was appointed and dismissed by the Governor of Jakarta by observing the advice and input of the Head of Transportation Department of DKI Jakarta.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

At the beginning of its formation, PT Transjakarta was led by Antonius NS Kosasih.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

In January 2016, the Governor of Jakarta changed his position with Vice President Director Cipaganti because he was considered “ngerti bus company”. [128]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Corridor operator and bus fleet In its operation, Transjakarta is supported by several operator companies that manage the fleet that serves each corridor.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The operators are: [129] PT Bianglala Metropolitan (BMP) — Corridor Amari Perum DAMRI (DMR/DAMRI) — Corridor 1, 2, 5, 8, and 10 PT Transportation Jakarta (TJ/TJSB/TJW) — All corridors, Cross Corridor Routes, Inner City Feeder, Rusunawa Feeder, KRL Station Feeder, Free Bus Service, Kopaja Border Feeder (KAJ) — Inner City Feeder, KRL Station Feeder, Rusunawa Mayasari Bakti Feeder (MB/MYS) — Corridor 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 7C, 8, 9, 10, T11, T12, Cross Corridor [130] Perum PPD (PPD) — Corridor 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, Cross Route,, Inner City Feeder, KRL Station Feeder, and Steady Safe Border Feeder (SAF) - Corridor 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 PT Trans Swadaya (TSW) - Inner City Feeder, KRL Station Feeder, Feeder Rusunawa Pahala Kencana (PKT) - Corridor 2 and 10 While operators who are no longer operating due to the expiration of contract or dismissed by PT Transportasi Jakarta namely: PT Jakarta Express Trans (JET) (inoperative since June 10, 2013) PT Trans Batavia (TB) (inoperative since January 15, 2016) PT Jakarta Mega Trans (JMT) (inoperative from June 1, 2016) PT Jakarta Trans Metropolitan (JTM) (not operating from June 1, 2016) from June 1, 2016) PT Primajasa Perdanaraya Utama (PP) (inoperative from July 1, 2016) PT Trans Mayapada Busway (TMB) PT Bianglala Metropolitan (BMP) (corridor division 9, 10, and12) Problems Accidents and incidents From January to July 2010 there were 237 accidents involving buses Transjakarta, resulted in 57 injured and eight killed.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The crash occurred as pedestrians crossed the busway and cars were turning around.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

In 2011, in an effort to stop non-TransJakarta vehicles using bus lines, Metro Jaya police chief suggested that Transjakarta buses run according to the direction of traffic flow. [131]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Usually non-Transjakarta vehicles use the busway line during peak hours between 06.00 to 09.00 and 16.00 to 19.00. [132]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

On 12 January 2012, a police officer from the Police Chief, employed by Securicor, fired his gun near the ear of a Transjakarta officer, after threatening to kill him.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The police were outraged after Transjakarta officers stopped a Securicor car from entering a busway line that was only possible to be entered by Transjakarta buses, ambulances, and fire departments.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The police spokesman said that the police will be subject to criminal sanctions or disciplinary sanctions. [133] [134] [135] Hijacking On March 12, 2012, four transjakarta buses were hijacked by suspected students on Medan Merdeka Selatan road.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The bus was then driven to the front of the campus of Universitas Kristen Indonesia.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Three drivers were able to escape their bus, but one driver was prevented from leaving and forced to push the hijacker to their destination.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

A fire extinguisher, a glass breaking hammer and a driver's jacket were also stolen from the bus. [136]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Bombing at BRT station On 24 May 2017, a twin bomb attack struck the Transjakarta bus terminal in Kampung Melayu.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

The first explosion occurred at 21:00, near the terminal toilets, and the second explosion occurred 5 minutes after at the bus stop.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

In total, 5 were killed including 2 suspects. [137]


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

Shortages In the period 2006-2016 many shortcomings occurred in the Transjakarta system, for example damage to the bridge crossing, lack of fleet accommodating passengers, lack of air vents at BRT stations, in some corridors on the buswaynya lines are not sterile there are still in private vehicles, and many more.


Question: who are the creators of the BRT Standard?

Transjakarta

But since under the leadership of Budi Kaliwono, some of these shortcomings have been overcome, such as increasing the number of fleets, adding feeder routes and cross corridors, dismissing Transjakarta bus operations that are less viable, and many more although there are still shortcomings that have not been overcome such as the bridge crossing is still damaged, still not sterilized Transjakarta line, and lack of officers at BRT stations. [138] [139] [140] [141] [142] [143] See also Trans Jogja Trans Trans Metro Bandung Batik Solo Trans TransSemarang Trans Musi Trans Metro Pekanbaru Trans Bandar Lampung Trans Sarbagita Trans Mamminasata Trans Tangerang City Trans Anggrek Tangsel Outlink Reference (in Indonesian) (in Indonesian) Category:Bus Transportation in Indonesia Category:Transportation in Jakarta


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

An unmanned aircraft or Aircraft nirawak (EN: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle or abbreviated UAV or commonly referred to as a drone), is a flying machine that functions with remote control by the pilot or is able to control himself, using the laws of aerodynamics to raised itself, could be reused and capable of carrying a payload of both weapons and other payloads.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The greatest use of these unmanned aircraft is in the military field, but it is also used in the fields of photography and videography which is done freely and openly.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Missiles although they have similarities but are still considered different from unmanned aircraft because missiles cannot be reused and missiles are weapons themselves.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Description Unmanned aircraft have varied shapes, sizes, configurations and characters.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The history of unmanned aircraft is Target drones, unmanned aircraft used as gunnery targets.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The development of automatic control made a simple firing target aircraft capable of transforming into a complex and complex unmanned aircraft.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Unmanned aircraft control there are two main variations, the first variation is controlled through a remote controller and the second variation is an aircraft that flies independently based on the program entered into the aircraft before flying.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Currently, unmanned aircraft are capable of both reconnaissance and assault missions.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Although many reports say that many unmanned aircraft attacks are successful but unmanned aircraft have a reputation for overattacking or attacking the wrong target.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Unmanned aircraft are also increasingly used for civilian (non military) needs such as firefighting, non military security or piping line inspection.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Unmanned aircraft often perform tasks that are considered too dirty and too dangerous for manned aircraft.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Currently Unmanned Aircraft (PTTA) has been produced by domestic industries including: PT.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Aerospace Indonesia, PT.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Indo UAVs, PT.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Globalindo Tekhnologi Service Indonesia, PT.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

RAI (Robo Aero Indonesia), PT.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Aviator and PT.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Carita.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The PTTA domestic product results are currently used for aerospace sports interests and some industi still hold the development of PTTA for the benefit of Arhanud practice targets.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

With the capability of various domestic industries in developing the PTTA, is a potential and opportunity that can be utilized to develop PTTA that has the capability as a reconnaissance aircraft/target monitor/object from the air.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The development of the PTTA is done by equipping a camera and the result can be observed directly on the Display layer at the Ground Station.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Development In a design of an Unmanned Aircraft (PTTA), it must first define what kind of flight mission the aircraft will perform.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

This had to be done because no one type of PTTA could perform all existing missions in flight.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Unmanned Aircraft is intended to carry out air monitoring missions to spot objects that are stationary or moving above ground level.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The mission is carried out in areas with minimal infrastructure support such as forest areas, mountains, swamps and others.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

With the mission, the PTTA must be a combination of characters between the type of sport aircraft, trainer and trainer glider aircraft, which is low-speed, very stable, hoverable and easy to control.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

In order to be able to conduct careful monitoring, the PTTA must have a flying height of 200 m, a flying speed of 60km/h and a flying length of 60 minutes.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

In order to be mobilized/demobilized easily the aircraft must be practical, portable and in order to be operated “Take off hand launched” then the weight of the aircraft must be light in order to be launched by hand, so the weight of the aircraft must be smaller than 6kg.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Meanwhile, in the Airframe/Fuslage PTTA section there are various instruments, for that need a large lift from the aircraft, to obtain a large lift then the wing must be wide, using a symmetrical wing aerofoil Un with the location of the wing is above the airframe and using engine power that not too big.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Besides onstrimen contained in the aircraft, PTTA is equipped with a video camera system with the following characteristics: Resolution: minimum equal to the TV resolution which is 420 lines Weight: not more than 500 gr Volume: tidal more than 350 cm3 Telemetry: Line of Sight (LOS) with a frequency that is safe Specifications PTTA Aircraft length: 1,800mm Aircraft height: 250mm Wing span: 2.100mm Engine power: 1.5 PK Takeoff weight: < 6kg Payload weight: 500 grams Cruising power: 1 hour Lowest speed: 20km/h Normal speed: 60km/h Operating altitude: 200 m Maximum altitude: 1,000m Range radio modem: 10km Video download distance:10km Video download frequency: 2.4GHz TX radio control frequency: 72MHz Power system: 12 VDC Control field: standard (2 aileron fields, 1 elevator field and 1 rudder plane) PTTA control system Manual stage At this stage take off and landing role pilot (operator) is absolutely necessary to control the PTTA reaching the desired altitude and speed of operation as well as to anticipate an unforeseeable state of control.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

At this stage the pilot uses the Remote Control Transmitter (R/C Tx) to control the PTTA.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

In tests using R/C Tx, pilots can effectively control the PTTA up to 1km distance with good battery conditions.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Then after going through a series of test flying, then made some changes to the initial draft.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The changes were: the length of the fuselage became 1050mm, the wing length became 1800mm and the left aileron control plane was eliminated.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

These changes were made to: increase the cruising speed of the PTTA, get better static stability and minimize critical mechanical parts on the aircraft to be safe during impact when landing.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Autopilot stage When the PTTA is already at the desired operating altitude and flying speed then the pilot activates the autopilot control system.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

These systems include: Wing leveler to keep the aircraft flat/level, Airspeed hold to keep the aircraft's speed at one deprogrammed speed figure and Altitude hold to keep the aircraft's flying altitude at one pre-programmed altitude.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

On testing the autopilot system obtained excellent results, indicated by good flying performance (altitude, speed and flying stability).


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The aircraft can fly on a straight and flat trajectory.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The PTTA PTTA Navigation System has a GPS based navigation system.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

On the test flight waypoint following (following the specified coordinate points) this navigation system can work properly.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

GPS-based navigation effectively guides aircraft conducting PTTA flights past pre-programmed coordinate points assisted with the autopilot system.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

PTTA has a primary function as a rangefinder.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Thus the placement of the video camera as the eye of this aircraft became important.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

There are several important things that are considered in the placement of the camera, including having an open viewing angle, being a control tool for the pilot and being placed on a solid mount.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Utilization of unmanned aircraft Utilization of unmanned aircraft that have shown promising results overseas is generally far from consumers, in job sites, or relatively remote areas that typically use manned aircraft.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Mining companies use high-definition cameras attached to unmanned fuselages to create three-dimensional mine maps that are important in calculating the volume of material that has been cultivated.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

This allows many companies to adjust production assessments.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

“Faster, easier, and more efficient” than human pollsters or manned aircraft, said Thomas Lerch, a drone user for the benefit of measuring gravel mines and final landfills in Switzerland.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Examples of drones Various efforts were made to minimize accidents and fatalities.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Unmanned aircraft technology is one of the breakthroughs to reduce the fall of human life casualties in airborne tasks.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Here are several types of unmanned aircraft that are generally used: RQ-8A Fire Scout Unmanned helicopter is adopted from the Schweizer Model 330SP light helicopter type.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The RQ-8A Fire Scout was used by the U. S. Navy in reconnaissance missions.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The helicopter can operate for four hours more with a distance of 120 miles from the control center.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The Fire Scout is equipped with a GPS-based navigation system and is capable of autonomously operating.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Because it is capable of operating autonomously, the control center can control three of these unmanned helicopters simultaneously.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Sea Scout, the development of this unmanned helicopter, is even capable of transporting air-to-surface missiles for bombing missions.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

RQ-2B Pioneer 200px|jmpl This unmanned aircraft was the result of a collaboration between AAI America and Israel Aircraft Industries.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The aircraft has been used by the U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Navy and U.S. Army since 1986.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The Pioneer was tasked with conducting reconnaissance, surveillance, target search, and support naval firing both during the day and at night.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

These aircraft can be launched from ships with the aid of rocket thrust or launched from land with the aid of a slingshot.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

With a body length of 14 feet and a wing span of 17 feet, the Pioneer can fly up to an altitude of 15,000 feet for five hours.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The Pioneer can transport loads of up to 37 Kg and can be equipped with optic or infrared sensors and mine-detecting devices.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

RQ-2B Pioneer Boeing Scan Eagle This 20 Kg aircraft can fly for 15 hours at an altitude of more than 16,000 feet and a speed of 60 miles per hour.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The aircraft can be launched both from land and from ocean liners.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Scan Eagle is a drone that can not be detected by radar, and the sound is almost inaudible.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Scan Eagle flies with guided GPS systems and is equipped with cameras and infra-red sensors.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The Northrop Grumman Global Hawk Global Hawk is the largest and most advanced unmanned aircraft in the world today.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The RQ-4 Global Hawk is the first unmanned aircraft with certification from the FAA (American aviation agency) to fly and land at civilian airports automatically.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Due to this advantage, Global Hawak is expected to become a pioneer passenger aircraft with automatic pilot in the future.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

At the time of the test, the Global Hawk was able to fly from the United States to Australia round trip with a lookout device.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

For military purposes, this aircraft can be used to conduct reconnaissance, surveillance and intelligence surveys over large areas and over a long period of time.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The Northrop Grumman Global Hawk General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper Reaper is an unmanned multi-function aircraft developed to be a shredder.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

In American military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, the MQ-9 is equipped with AGM-114 Hellfire missiles and is used to hunt down and destroy targets.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

It can transport loads of up to five tons, performs 230 miles per hour at an altitude of 50,000 feet and can fly for 3,682 miles.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The aircraft is equipped with IR targeting sensors, laser rangefinder and synthetic aperture radar.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

MQ-9 can be disassembled and transported to various locations easily.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The AeroVironment Raven and Raven B RQ-11A Raven, made in 2002-2003, are small versions of the 1999-vintage AeroVironment Pointer, which is equipped with GPS navigation system, and control equipment.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The fuselage is made of Kevlar and weighs, two Kilograms.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The unmanned aircraft has an operating radius of more than 6 miles and can fly for 80 minutes at speeds of 60 miles per hour.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Raven B is equipped with different types of sensors and laser target designators.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

AeroVironment Raven and Raven B: RQ-11A Raven Bombardier CL-327 Due to its unique shape, these unmanned aircraft are often referred to as flying nuts.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The Bombardier CL-327 VTOL is an unmanned surveillance aircraft motorized by a 100-horsepower Williams International WTS-125 turboshaft engine.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

With a maximum weight of 300 Kg at takeoff, CL-327 can be functioned as a communication relay device, inspect the state of the environment and conduct patrols in border areas.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The aircraft has helped the apparatus a lot in narcotics eradication efforts and in military reconnaissance operations.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The aircraft can air during lime hours and is equipped with various sensors, datalink systems and navigation systems in both GPS and inertial navigation systems.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Yamaha RMAX This aircraft is the most widely used unmanned aircraft in the world for non-military purposes.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Yamaha RMAX mini helicopter, can be used for various purposes such as to spray pesticides and fertilizers, and conduct surveys for research purposes.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The helicopter uses a two-stroke YAMAHA engine and can fly up to 500 feet.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The Lockheed Martin Desert Hawk Desert Hawk began production in 2002, to meet the needs of the American military in surveillance missions in Iraq.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The Desert Hawk is driven with an electric engine and equipped with GPS.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The aircraft can fly up to an altitude of 1000 feet and operates autonomously with GPS guidance.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

These unmanned aircraft can fly at speeds of 57 miles per hour within a seven-mile radius.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

This General Atomics MQ-1 Predator Predator capable of flying at 135 miles per hour is an unmanned reconnaissance aircraft equipped with combat weaponry.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The predator is capable of flying up to an altitude of 25,000 feet and traveling 450 miles.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The Predator is equipped with two laser-guided AGM-114 Hellfire missiles.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The aircraft is the first unmanned aircraft that can destroy haste on land.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Predators were first used in American military operations in Afghanistan.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Puna Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) developed Nir Awak Aircraft (PUNA) for various air monitoring purposes, such as mapping, forest fire monitoring, disaster mitigation, casualty search to military purposes.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The principle of PUNA is able to carry flying various equipment such as cameras, surveillance devices and the like up to 20kg,” said Deputy Head of BPPT for Industrial Technology Design Build and Engineering, Surjatin Wirjadidjaja in Jakarta on Monday.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Regarding the price of aircraft nir crew with similar aircraft made in other countries, he mentioned, about hundreds of millions of rupiah.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The value increases depending on the equipment it carries.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The development activities of PUNA began with the creation of shooting target rides or drone targets used to improve the capabilities of the Pusenart (Artillery Weapons Center) TNI-AD.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

PUNA is designed to have a cruising speed of 80 knots with a flying range of 30km at an altitude of about 7,000 feet.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Puna Smriti In addition to LSU 02 Lapan UAVs, Indonesia also developed Smriti UAVs made by BPPT.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Smriti UAV has shown permissibility before the students of Army Staff and Command School /SESKOAD in Subang-West Java 2 May 2013.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Before being brought to Seskoad students, Smriti UAV conducted a test run using a new engine, on 25 April 2013 in Batujajar-West Java.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The test was to determine the reliability of the propulsion system and the suitability of achieving self-contained flying.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

In the series of such tests also carried out a test of the reliability of the data transmission system from the UAV to the Ground Control Station (GCS).


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Smriti flying operations are monitored from the results of sending documentation of flying parameter data, photos and videos that are in real time sent Ground Control.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The Smriti UAV is operated for 2-hour flying reconnaissance with a radius range of 75km.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The advantages of Smriti is, it does not require anvil to take off and only use a launcher as well as can land using a net.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Smriti UAVs are operated by a squad of soldiers (10 people) to install, tow launchers, monitoring GCS, unloading pairs of nets and pilots.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

This system is suitable for TNI AD and can be mobilized easily to various places.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Although Smriti UAVs are still on the research scale, SESKOAD believes in the future TNI AD needs many model Smriti UAVs to conduct territorial surveillance in the border area will even be placed in each KOREM.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Smriti UAVs are also prepared for monitoring (surveillance & recognition) missions of assault and defense movements of military forces.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The aircraft is white.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Smriti is a close range nirawak air ride with a playing wing design configuration using catapult (throwing) as a means of take off and netting as a means of landing.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

“Smriti for surveillance.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Because it can take off with launch and landing in the net it can be used to equip the Navy on equipment in KRI.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

This Smriti can look ahead for 60-75 km. So it can be said as the eyes of KRI,” said Chief Engineer BPPT, Muhamad Dahsyat at the site.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The second, added Dahsyat, to meet the needs of local security areas such as airports.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

It can also be used for SAR actions in the mountains, so it is more effective.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Aircraft specifications: Wing span: 2,988mm Maximum takeoff weight (MTOW/Maximum Take Off Weight): 8.5kg Cruising speed: 30 knots (56km/h) Cruising power: 1 hour Range: 5 nautical miles (9.26km) Altitude: 3,000ft (915m) Throw: 4,500mm Throw type: catapult bungee chords Puna Alap-alap The aircraft is patterned loreng with dark green and light green colors of the army.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The Alap-alap is a medium-range nirawak air ride with an inverted V-tail design configuration and a double tail rod (double boom) using a hard runway as a means of takeoff.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The alap is designed for long cruising, but only for surveillance needs.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Aircraft specifications: Wing span: 3,510mm Maximum takeoff weight: 18kg Cruising speed: 55 knots (102km/h) Cruising power: 5 hours Range: 140km Altitude: 7,000ft (2,100 m) Payload: video camera with counterweight (gimbal) Puna Crow The aircraft is patterned with orange and white.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The Crows are long-range nirawak aerial rides with V-tail, low wing and low boom design configurations, using hard anvil as a means of take-off and landing.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

This Crow Puna is the same as Woodpecker but different mission, which is for low-high-low missions.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Puna Crow can be used for Navy needs.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Aircraft specifications: Wing span: 6.916mm Maximum take-off weight: 120kg Cruising speed: 52 - 69 knots (96 - 128km/h) Cruising power: 4 hours Range: 73km Altitude: 8,000ft (2,400m) Payload: video camera with counterweight (gimbal) Puna Woodpecker The aircraft is patterned with livery white, gray and beige.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Woodpeckers are long-range nirawak air rides with inverted V-tail, high wing and high boom design configurations, using hard anvil for takeoff and landing.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Just like Puna Crow, Puna Woodpecker missions are low-high-low.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Aircraft specifications: Wing span: 6.916mm Maximum takeoff weight: 120kg Cruising speed: 52 - 69 knots (96 - 128km/h) Cruising power: 4 hours Range: 73km Altitude: 8,000ft (2,400m) Payload: video camera with counterweight (gimbal) Puna Wulung In addition to having Smriti, BPPT also developed a Wulung UAV with a larger size than Smriti and needed grounding for a take off.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Wulung UAV production contract with BPPT has been conducted on April 29, 2013.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

BPPT stated its readiness to produce the unmanned aircraft in cooperation with PT Dirgantara Indonesia (DI) as the executor of production.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

PT LEN collaborates in developing more modern UAVs.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The Puna Wulung has a maximum empty weight specification of 60kg, a payload weight of 25kg, a cruising speed of 55 knots, a wingspan of 6.34 metres, a four-hour flying endurance and a flying altitude of 12,000ft above ground level.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The aircraft features surveillance cameras linked to a controller center on the ground.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Currently the Wulung UAV team continues to develop the aircraft.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

“This aircraft now still has 3.5 gravity capability.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

We are developing to have the ability of 7 gravity so that it can withstand a load of hundreds of kilograms,” said Head of UAV BPPT Program, Joko Purnomo.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Generally, unmanned military aircraft belonging to developed countries have been at level three.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

The highest level or level four capable of reaching today is cruising ability above 70 thousand feet.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

Wulung will meet the needs of the Supadio TNI AU squadron, Pontianak.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

With the presence of UAVs, the surveillance function by ships and manned aircraft of the AU military can be more efficient.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

UAVs can replace high costs due to surveillance in border areas.


Question: What is an AUV vehicle?

Unmanned aircraft

In addition to military purposes, Indonesian UAVs are also used for transportation surveillance, SAR, atmospheric research, disaster surveillance, artificial rain operation cargo, seed dispersal, observation of difficult critical area vegetation, film shooting and so on.