Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

My capital

Modalku is the largest online platform [2] in Indonesia that connects “viable but not yet creditworthy” Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) that require business capital loans with lenders looking for affordable and attractive investment alternatives. [3]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

My capital

History 2015-2016: The Beginning of Modalku and Series A Funding Before founding Modalku, Reynold Wijaya together with Kelvin Teo founded Funding Societies in Singapore in 2015 [4], when they were both students at Harvard Business School. [5]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Just like Modalku, Funding Societies operates an online platform where Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) can raise funds from lenders looking for alternative investments. [6]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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As an effort to bring P2P lending business model to Indonesia, Modalku was founded in January 2016 by Reynold Wijaya, Kelvin Teo, and Iwan Kurniawan.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Modalku, together with management consulting firm Oliver Wyman, held the Indonesia Fintech Conference in April 2016 [7] to encourage the establishment of regulation for the world of financial technology in Indonesia. [8]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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During 2016, Modalku served the Jabodetabek area in Indonesia.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Entering August 2016, Modalku received series A funding of Rp 100 billion through their parent company, Funding Societies. [9]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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This funding is the largest amount ever raised by a P2P lending platform from Southeast Asia. [10]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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This funding was led by Sequoia India with participation from Harvard University experts and previous investors Alpha JWC Ventures. [11] 2017: Digital Expansion and Innovation Entering its second year of operation, Modalku expressed commitment to “build a stronger Indonesian economy by supporting the development of potentially local SMEs”. [12]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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In 2017, Modalku expanded its reach in Indonesia by expanding to the city of Bandung [13] and also to the city of Surabaya [14].


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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This expansion is done so that Modalku can support MSMEs potentially outside the Jabodetabek area through business capital loans.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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The expansion of the range is complemented by official representative offices and local teams in each city. [15]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Modalku together with its parent company Funding Societies also made an international expansion into Malaysia in February 2017. [16]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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In addition to expanding, Modalku filled 2017 by launching two mobile apps.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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In January 2017, Modalku launched the Modalku Dana Usaha application which is the first business capital loan application in Indonesia. [17]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

My capital

Modalku Dana Usaha provides easy and fast access to unsecured business capital loans for MSMEs in need, with an online application process in 10 minutes. [18]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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In July 2017, Modalku inaugurated the launch of a mobile application for lenders. [19]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Through this application, the registration process until funding can be done via smartphone. [20]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Applications have an Automated Funding feature where lenders can fund MSME loans according to preferences desired and set in the application. [21]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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In June 2017, Modalku officially registered and supervised by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) [22] and joined the International Association of Credit Portfolio Managers (IACPM), an international forum where financial institutions discuss risk management best practices credit. [23] 2018 - Now: Series B Growth and Funding In January 2018, Modalku together with Funding Societies in Singapore and Malaysia managed to break through Rp 1 trillion in business capital lending volume in Southeast Asia. [24]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Indonesia becomes Capital's largest market with more than 50% of total loans. [25]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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As of December 2018, Modalku has managed to reach total regional funding of more than Rp 3.5 trillion. [26]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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In April 2018, Modalku and Funding Societies managed to achieve Series B Funding of USD 25 million or nearly Rp 350 billion [27].


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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The largest funding was led by SoftBank Ventures Korea, along with participation from previous investors Sequoia India, Alpha JWC of Indonesia, and Golden Gate Ventures, also with investments from Line Ventures, Qualgro, and Mahanusa Capital. [28]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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This funding will be used by Capital to realize their vision, which is to create financial inclusion in Southeast Asia. [29]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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This is the largest Series B funding ever achieved by a P2P lending platform in Southeast Asia. [30]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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In August 2018, Modalku was selected by the Indonesian government to be one of the distribution partners of state debt securities series SBR004 [31] and announced the official appointment of economist and former Finance Minister Muhamad Chatib Basri as advisor. [32]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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This year, Modalku became the first P2P lending platform in Indonesia to be ISO 27001 certified, the international information security system standard conducted for data security and user privacy [33] and was selected as a participant of The Next Indonesian Unicorns (NextiCorn). [34]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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In November 2018, Modalku was again trusted by the Ministry of Finance to be the state securities distribution partner, this time for the ST-002 series Savings Sukuk. [35]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Modalku data shows that at the beginning of June 2018, almost 70% of active lenders came from the millennial generation. [36]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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My Capital Business Model provides a fully online registration process.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Prospective borrowers are asked to fill out a complete biography, business information, the desired loan amount, as well as a number of documents and financial statements.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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After the registration process, Modalku will decide to approve or reject each loan application.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Modalku requires several conditions for borrowers, including: domiciled in Modalku area (Jabodetabek, Bandung, or Surabaya), 21-60 years old, and operating business for at least 1 year. [37]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Lenders are also bypassing the online registration process.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

My capital

After creating an account on the Modalku site, the lender is asked to fill in the necessary data and then transfer the first deposit funds.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

My capital

With this fund, lenders can commit funding to MSME loans available on the Modalku platform.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

My capital

The lender can choose the loan he or she wants to fund based on the information the Modalku website provides regarding the borrower and the type of business, the amount of loan required, as well as the interest rate on the loan.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Through this scheme, lenders get a return from interest.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Modalku Products has two main product offers, namely SME Loan and Invoice Financing. [38]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

My capital

Modalku SME loan is an unsecured loan for business capital needs and business development with a ceiling of up to Rp 2 billion and loan tenor up to 24 months, while Invoice Financing provides fast funds using invoices or unpaid customer bills. [39]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Capital borrowers can get up to 80% of the invoice value with a loan tenor of 15 - 90 days.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Modalku services can be accessed via a mobile app.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Modalku serves registration for microcredit through the Modalku Dana Usaha application. [40]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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For lenders, activities on the Modalku platform can be done through the Capital Investments application. [41] [42] In June 2017, Modalku announced the launch of Merchant Cash Advance (MCA) to provide short-term uncollateralized loans with automated repayment processes for MSMEs underbanked and online merchants. [43]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

My capital

Since 2016, Modalku started partnering with several Indonesian electronic trading companies to provide business business business business business with Toppers Partners program in Tokopedia [44].


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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In December 2018, Modalku and Tokopedia announced Balance Priority, a loan facility with the aim of facilitating the cash flow of online merchants.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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With Priority Balance, Tokopedia sellers can receive funds in advance to conduct business without having to wait for confirmation of orders from buyers. [45]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Modalku also works with Bukalapak [46], through the Bukamodal feature and with Lazada. [47]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Another initiative by Modalku in 2016 was to execute a joint custodial agreement with Bank Sinarmas to make Modalku lender funds more secure and transparent. [48]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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As custodian, Bank Sinarmas became the third party that housed the lender's funds for consumer protection.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Modalku is the first P2P lending platform in Indonesia to implement a custodial bank agreement. [49]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Ahead of Independence Day 2017, Modalku announced a partnership with agricultural startup TaniHub to provide business loans for farmers, fishermen, and farmers registered on the TaniHub platform. [50]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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In November 2018, Modalku signed a partnership with Askrindo (Asuransi Kredit Indonesia). [51]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Achievements and Awards In July 2017, CB Insights, a company engaged in startup industry research, announced that Modalku became one of the companies included in the “Fintech 250”, which is a list of the best companies in the world that make breakthrough innovations in field of financial technology. [52]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Modalku is the only P2P lending company in Southeast Asia region that entered this list [53].


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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In 2018, Modalku re-entered “Fintech 250” for the second year in a row. [54]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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On September 28, 2017, Modalku won the Global SME Excellence Award at the 2017 ITU Telecom World event held in Busan, South Korea. [55]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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ITU Telecom is part of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), one of the United Nations (UN) organizational bodies for communication and information technology. [56]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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The Global SME Excellence Award is given to startups that provide the most innovative communication and information technology solutions to social problems in society. [57]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Modalku is the first Indonesian startup ever to win the Global SME Excellence Award. [58]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Reynold Wijaya and Iwan Kurniawan, as CEO and COO of Capital, were selected in the Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia 2018 list. [59]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

My capital

This Forbes list features 300 of the best young innovators, leaders and entrepreneurs in 10 different categories.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Modalku is included in the Finance and Venture Capital category, as well as being the only FinTech company from Indonesia to enter this list. [60]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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In November 2018, Modalku became the only P2P lending company in Southeast Asia to enter “The Fintech100” list.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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The list highlights the 100 most innovative financial technology companies worldwide and was announced by KPMG and H2 Ventures.


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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In the same month, Modalku won the Micro Enterprise Fintech Innovation Challenge organized by United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) and UN Pulse Lab Jakarta. [61]


Question: who is the founder of the company Win Hand?

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Category:Financial Technology Companies Category:Financial services companies Category:Indonesian Financial services companies Category:iOS Software Category:Android Software Category:Companies Founded in 2016 Category:Finance


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

West Java (abbreviated Jabar) is a province in Indonesia, the capital of which is in Bandung.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

History Archaeological finds at Anyer indicate the existence of bronze and iron metal cultures before the first millennium.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Prehistoric clay earthenware of buni era (Bekasi kuna) can be found stretching from Anyer to Cirebon.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The area of West Java in the 5th century was part of the Kingdom of Tarumanagara.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Inscriptions of the relics of the Kingdom of Tarumanagara are widely scattered in West Java.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

There are seven inscriptions written in the Wengi script (which was used in the time of Palawa India) and Sanskrit which mostly narrate the kings of Tarumanagara.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

After the collapse of the Tarumanagara kingdom, power in the western part of Java Island from Ujung Kulon to Kali Serayu was continued by the Sunda Kingdom.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

One of the inscriptions from the Sunda Kingdom period is the Kebon Kopi II inscription dating from 932.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The Kingdom of Sunda was capitalized in Pakuan Pajajaran (now the city of Bogor).


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

In the 16th century, the Demak Sultanate grew into an economic and political rival of the Sunda Kingdom.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Port Cerbon (later to become Cirebon City) separated from the Kingdom of Sunda due to the influence of the Sultanate of Demak.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The port later grew into the Cirebon Sultanate which broke away from the Kingdom of Sunda.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The Port of Banten was also separated into the hands of the Sultanate of Cirebon and later grew into the Sultanate of Banten.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

To deal with this threat, Sri Baduga Maharaja, king of Sundanese at the time, asked his son, Surawisesa to make a security defense treaty with the Portuguese in Malacca to prevent the fall of the main port, namely Sunda Kalapa (now Jakarta) to the Cirebon Sultanate and the Sultanate Demak.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

At the time Surawisesa became king of Sunda, with the title of Prabu Surawisesa Jayaperkosa, was made a treaty of defense of Sunda-Portuguese security, marked by the Inscription of the Treaty of Sunda-Portugal, signed in 1512.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

In return, the Portuguese were given access to build forts and warehouses in Sunda Kalapa as well as access for trade there.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

To realize the security defense treaty, in 1522 was erected a stone monument called padrão on the banks of Ci Liwung.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Although a security defense treaty with the Portuguese had been made, its implementation could not be realized because in 1527 the forces of the Cirebon - Demak alliance, under the leadership of Fatahilah or Paletehan attacked and conquered the Sunda port of Kalapa.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The war between the Sunda Kingdom and the Cirebon - Demak alliance lasted five years until finally in 1531 a peace treaty between Prabu Surawisesa and Sunan Gunung Jati of Cirebon Sultanate.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

From 1567 to 1579, under the leadership of Raja Mulya, aka Prabu Surya Kencana, the Kingdom of Sunda suffered a major setback under the pressure of the Sultanate of Banten.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

After 1576, the Sunda kingdom was unable to maintain Pakuan Pajajaran (the capital of Sunda Kingdom), and eventually fell into the hands of the Banten Sultanate.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

During the reign of the Banten Sultanate, the Priangan region (southeastern West Java) fell into the hands of the Mataram Sultanate.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

West Java as an administrative sense began to be used in 1925 when the Dutch East Indies Government formed the Province of West Java.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The establishment of the province was a 1922 implementation of Bestuurshervormingwet, which divided the Dutch East Indies over the unity of the provincial regions.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Before 1925, it used the term Soendalanden (Tatar Soenda) or Pasoendan, as a geographical term to refer to the part of Java Island to the west of the Cilosari and Citanduy Rivers which was mostly inhabited by residents who used Sundanese as mother tongue.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

On 17 August 1945, West Java was merged into part of the Republic of Indonesia.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

On 27 December 1949 West Java became Pasundan State which was one of the states of the Republic of Indonesia United as a result of the agreement of three parties in the Round Table Conference: the Republic of Indonesia, Bijeenkomst voor Federaal Overleg (BFO), and the Netherlands.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

This agreement was witnessed also by the United Nations Commission for Indonesia (UNCI) as a representative of the United Nations.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

West Java re-joined the Republic of Indonesia in 1950.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The geography of West Java Province is in the western part of Java Island.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

It borders the Java Sea to the north, Central Java to the east, the Indian Ocean to the south, as well as Banten and DKI Jakarta to the west.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The north coast area is low-lying.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

In the central part is a mountain range, which is part of a series of mountains that extend from west to east Java Island.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The highest point is Mount Ciremay, which is in the southwest of Cirebon City.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Quite important rivers are the Citarum River and the Cimanuk River, which empties into the Java Sea.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The climate in West Java is tropical, with temperatures of 9°C at Mount Pangrango Peak and 34°C in North Coast, rainfall averages 2,000mm per year, but in some mountainous areas between 3,000 to 5,000mm per year.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The main Ciri topography of mainland West Java is part of an arc of volcano archipelago (active and inactive) stretching from the northern tip of Sumatra Island to the northern tip of Sulawesi Island.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The mainland can be distinguished over the steep mountainous region in the south with an elevation of more than 1,500 m above sea level, a gently sloping hillside region in the middle of an altitude of 100 1,500 m above sea level, and a watershed region.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Demographics The number of population of West Java Province is 43,053,732 inhabitants which includes those who live in urban areas as many as 28282,915 people (65.69 percent) and in rural areas as many as 14,770,817 inhabitants (34.31 percent).


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The percentage distribution of population by district/city varies from the lowest at 0.41 percent in Banjar City to the highest at 11.08 percent in Bogor Regency.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The male population of West Java Province as many as 21,907,040 people and women as many as 21,146,692 inhabitants.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Sex Ratio is 104, meaning there are 104 males for every 100 females.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Sex ratio according to district/city the lowest is Ciamis Regency at 98 and highest is Cianjur Regency at 107.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Sex Ratio in age group 0-4 amounted to 106, age group 5-9 by 106, five-yearly age group from 10 to 64 ranged from 97 to 113, and and age group 65-69 by 96.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The median age of the population of West Java Province in 2010 was 26.86 years.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

This figure shows that the population of West Java Province belongs to the middle category.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Residents of a region are categorized as young residents when the median age is < 20, penduduk menengah jika median umur 20-30, dan penduduk tua jika median umur > 30 years.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The dependency ratio of the population of West Java Province is 51.20.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

This figure shows that every 100 people of productive age (15-64 years) there are about 51 people of non-productive age (0-14 and 65+), which indicates the large amount of burden on the population of a region.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The dependency ratio in urban areas is 48.84 while in rural areas it is 55.92. [2]


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The majority of the population of West Java is Sundanese, who speak the Sundanese language.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Cirebon Regency and Cirebon is spoken Cirebon language similar to Banyumasan dialect of Brebes.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

In Indramayu Regency using Cirebon language Indramayu dialect or known as dermayon and some districts located on the north coast of Subang Regency and Karawang Regency such as Cilamaya Wetan, Cilamaya Kulon and Pedes (Cemara) use Cirebon language which is almost similar to Cirebon language dermayon dialect.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

In the border areas with Jakarta such as parts of Bekasi City, Tarumajaya and Babelan (Bekasi Regency) and Depok City in the northern part are spoken by Betawi dialect Malay.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

West Java is a characteristically contrasting region with two identities: urbanites living mostly in the Jabodetabek area (around Jakarta) and Bandung Raya; and traditional people living in the remaining countryside.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

In 2002, the population of West Java reached 37,548,565 inhabitants, with an average population density of 1,033 if/sq km.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Compared to the national growth rate (2.14% per annum), West Java Province ranked the lowest, with 2.02% per annum.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The use of regional languages has now begun to be promoted again.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

A number of local television and radio stations again use the language of the region as the language of introduction on some of its shows, especially news and talk shows, for example Bandung TV has a news program using Sundanese and Cirebon Radio that uses a variety of Cirebon Bagongan and Slash.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Similarly, printed mass media using Sundanese language, such as Manglé magazine and Bina Da'wah magazine published by the Da'wah Council of West Java.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The economy of West Java for more than three decades has experienced rapid economic development.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Today the improvement of the modern economy is characterized by an increase in the manufacturing and service sectors.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Besides social development and infrastructure, the manufacturing sector is the largest in contributing through investment, almost three quarters of non-oil manufacturing industries centered around West Java.West Java PDRB in 2003 reached Rp.231.764 billion (US$ 27.26 Billion) accounts for 14-15 percent of total national GDP, the highest figure for a Province.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

After all due to the large population, the GDP per capita of West Java is Rp 5,476,034 (US$644.24) including oil and gas, this describes 82.4 percent and 86.1 percent of the national average.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Economic growth in 2003 was 4.21 percent including oil and gas 4.91 percent including oil and gas, better than Indonesia as a whole.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

(US$1 = Rp. 14,200, -).


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Manufacturing of West Java Province has a high level of concentration for manufacturing including electronics, leather industry, food processing, textile, furniture and aircraft industries.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Also geothermal, oil and gas, as well as petrochemical industries are mainstays of West Java.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The biggest contributors to West Java GRDP were the manufacturing sector (36.72%), hotels, trade and agriculture (14.45%), the total was 51.17%.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Despite the crisis, West Java is still the center of the modern textile industry and national garment, in contrast to other regions that are central to the traditional textile industry.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

West Java contributes almost a quarter of the total value of Indonesia's production in the non-Oil and Gas sector.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The main export of textiles, about 55.45% of the total exports of West Java, others are steel iron, footwear, furniture, rattan, electronics, aircraft components and others.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Agriculture: Land and waters Known as one of the national 'barnyars', nearly 23 percent of the total area of 29.3 thousand square kilometers is allocated to rice production.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

There is no longer possible, West Java is the 'Home of Production' for the Indonesian economy, the agricultural products of West Java Province contribute 15 percent of the total value of Indonesian agriculture. West Java food crops include rice, sweet potatoes, corn, fruits and vegetables, besides There are commodities such as tea, coconut, palm oil, natural rubber, sugar, chocolate and coffee.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Its farm produced 120,000 head of cattle, 34% of the national total.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Marine and fisheries of West Java are faced with two sides of the sea of Java in the northern part and the Indian ocean in the southern part with a beach length of about 1000km.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Based on this location, West Java Province has a huge fishing potential.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

An integrated planning is being implemented for the development of the Port of Cirebon, both as a port of Tanjung Priok Jakarta, and as a fishing port of West Java equipped with fishing industry.For the potential of land waters, not only from a number of rivers flow in West Java, But this potential is also obtained from water shelter/saguling DAM in Cirata and Jatiluhur DAM which in addition to generating electric power is also useful for irrigating agricultural areas and freshwater fishing industries.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Population and workforce With a population of about 37 million people in 2003, 16 percent of Indonesia's total population.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The growth of urbanization in the province is growing very fast, especially around JABODETABEK (around Jakarta).


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

West Java had an educated workforce of 15.7 million people in 2001 or 18 percent of the national total educated workers.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Most work in agriculture, forestry and fisheries (31%), in manufacturing industry (17%), trade, hotels and restaurants (22.5%) and service sector (29%).


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Oil-Mineral and geothermal Oil can be found along the Java Sea, north of West Java, while geothermal (geothermal) reserves are contained in some derah in West Java.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Other mines such as limestone, andesite, marble, clay are mineral mining that can be found, including other minerals whose deposit reserves are very potential, Gold managed by PT.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Assorted Mine, the potential is 5.5 million tons, and produces 12.1 grams of gold per ton.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Education and Culture Protection and the development process of Culture and Language in West Java congritly started with the West Java Congress, West Java congress is a gathering forum for West Java community leaders to talk about various social issues- community in West Java.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Sundanese Language Education is the most widely spoken regional language in West Java, especially in the Parahyangan region which is the traditional dwelling region of the Sundanese Tribe.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Based on Pergub Jabar no. 69 of 2013, Sundanese language is designated as one of the regional language and literature subjects in West Java, along with Cirebon language and Malay language Betawi dialect.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Sundanese language is taught at two levels of education, namely primary education (Elementary School/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah and First Secondary School/Madrasah Tsanawiyah) and secondary education level (Higher Secondary School/Madrasah Aliyah). [3]


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

In helping the sustainability of Sundanese language education in West Java, the local government of West Java in collaboration with Padjadjaran University and the Rancage Cultural Foundation published a Main Dictionary, the most complete Sundanese dictionary consisting of 6 volumes, 10,000 pages and containing 150,000 entries . [4] [5] Currently the dictionary has been sent to libraries in Europe such as the KITLV library in the Netherlands. [6]


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Cirebon language education Cultural and language diversity in West Java was tested when the third West Java Congress was held.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Precisely in the city of Bandung on February 28, 1948, at that time one of the representatives of the West Java community from the Sunda tribe, Soeria Kartalegawa who is also the chairman of Pasundan People's Party (PRP) proposed that talks in the meeting of the representative body (West Java Congress) be allowed using Sundanese language, but then the proposal was immediately rejected by other West Java community representatives from the Cirebon tribe namely Soekardi [7]: ““Djika permissible berbitjara in Soenda language, people who want to use other regional languages poen haroes allowed, oempamanja language of the Tjirebon region”.”


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Then in the period before the 1970s the government included Javanese language lessons for Cirebon and Indramayu areas which still include West Java Province where the majority of the population uses Sundanese language, but apparently teachers and students do not understand the vocabulary that used it until finally decided not to teach Javanese language in Cirebon-Indramayu area.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The vacancy of local charge lesson area was then tried to be filled by the Provincial Government of West Java by including the regional language lessons of Sundanese language, therefore in the 1970s the regional language taught in the Cirebon - Indramayu area is Sundanese.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

But the wisdom was not appropriate, so there was a movement to replace it with books in the language spoken in the region, namely Cirebon. [8]


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Then in the next period of year, Cirebon language teaching began to be taught in Pakaleran Majalengka area, namely the northern region of Majalengka regency whose majority of the population is descendants of Mataram Warriors. [9]


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

In this Pakaleran region, the vocabulary of Javanese dialect Banyumasan, Bumiayu dialect, and Tegal dialect is more pronounced.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

However, the teaching of regional languages in that period did not have a legal umbrella, because the West Java Provincial Government previously indicated that West Java is a Sundanese land area with the majority of Sundanese speaking Sundanese.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

After 2003, with the issuance of Regional Regulation (Perda) of West Java No. 5 of 2003 on the Protection and Development of Culture and Language, West Java recognized the existence of three indigenous tribes, namely Sundanese, Malay-Betawi and Cirebon.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The teaching of non-Sundanese regional languages has its legal umbrella protection, as for the movement to make Cirebon as an independent language and independent of Javanese and Sundanese.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Therefore, a method called Guiter Method, but in the calculation the method only recorded about 75% difference between Cirebon language and Java language.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

As for being recognized as an independent language, at least 80% difference with the closest language is required. [10]


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

But in real terms, the publication of books supporting regional language lessons Cirebon and Indramayu in the period of the 2000s has been done by not mentioning Cirebon as a dialect of Java and only mentioned Cirebon Language instead of Java dialect Cirebon as done on publishing “Dictionary of Cirebon Language” by TD Sudjana and comrades in 2001 and Wykarana - Grammar of Cirebon by Salana in 2002.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Cirebon language education development and language protection mandated by West Java Regulation No. 5 Year 2003 in relation to the development of Cirebon language only occurred around Cirebon ex-karesidenan area namely (Cirebon Regency, Cirebon City, Indramayu Regency, some areas of Majalengka Regency and parts of Kuningan Regency) while other regency areas that are also inhabited by the Cirebon tribe such as the northern Subang Regency area and parts of Karawang Regency in the East Coast until 2011 (eight years after Regulation of West Java No. 5 Year 2003) published has not yet received the teaching of Cirebon Language, the unevenness of teaching the regional language in West Java is because the government gives the full right to the local government in each district/city to determine their own teaching language of the region that exists within its territory.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Malay language education Betawi dialect Different from cirebon language education, betawi language education in West Java Province experienced more severe problems experienced by cirebon language, Betawi language education until 2011 (eight years after Javanese Regulation West No. 5 Year 2003) published absolutely not done in areas inhabited by betawi tribes namely Depok City, Bekasi City, Bekasi Regency, parts of Bogor North region and parts of Karawang Regency and Purwakarta Regency west, whereas research on The Betawi language has been quite widely done, among them: K. Ikranegara (1980).


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Malay Betawi Grammar.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Linguistic Studies in Indonesian and Languages in Indonesia 9.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Jakarta: NUSA. S. Wallace (1976).


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Linguistic and Social Dimensions of Phonological Variation in Jakarta Malay.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

PhD.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Dissertation, Cornell University.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Klarijn Loven (2009).


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Watching Si Doel: Television, Language and Cultural Identity in Contemporary Indonesia, 477 pages, ISBN 90-6718-279-6.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Publisher: The Kitlv/Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies at Leiden.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Lilie M. Roosman (April 2006).


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Lilie Roosman: Phonetic experiments on the word and sentence prosody of Betawi Malay and Toba Batak, Publisher: Universiteit Leiden.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Development of Malay language education Betawi dialect Until 2011 Local Government which is inhabited by the Betawi tribe namely Depok City, Bekasi City, Bekasi Regency, Bogor Regency and Karawang Regency still do not hold regional language education Malay language Betawi dialect and teaches only Sundanese language regional language education.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

State universities State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Sheikh Nurjati, Cirebon Institute of Domestic Government (IPDN), Sumedang Bogor Agricultural Institute (IPB), Bogor Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Bandung Indonesian Cultural Arts Institute (ISBI), Bandung Health Polytechnic Kemenkes Bandung ( Poltekkes), Bandung Polytechnic Manufacturing Bandung (POLMAN), d/h Polytechnic Mechanical Swis-ITB Bandung, Bandung State Polytechnic Bandung (POLBAN), d/h Polytechnic ITB Bandung, Bandung State Polytechnic Sukabumi (Polsu), Sukabumi High School of Social Welfare (STKS Bandung), Bandung High School Tourism Bandung (STPB), d/h National Hotel Institute (NHI), Bandung Sekolah Tinggi Seni Indonesia Bandung (STSI Bandung), d/h ASTI Bandung, Bandung College of Textile Technology (STTT), d/h Institute of Textile Technology (ITT), Bandung School of Land Transportation (STTD), Bekasi University Indonesia (UI), Depok City State Islamic University Sunan Gunung Djati (UIN Bandung), Bandung Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad), with campus locations in, Bandung and Sumedang Indonesian Education University (UPI), d/h IKIP Bandung, with the location of the central campus in Bandung, and the regional campus in the Regency Bandung, Purwakarta, Sumedang, and Tasikmalaya Universitas Siliwangi (UNSIL), Tasikmalaya Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang (UNSIKA), Karawang private university National Institute of Technology (Itenas), in Bandung Institute of Islamic Religion Cipasung (IAIC), in Tasikmalaya Institute of Islamic Religion Darussalam Ciamis (IAID) at Ciamis Institut Teknologi Telkom (IT Telkom), at Bandung Institut Teknologi Harapan Bangsa (ITHB), in Bandung Telkom University, at Bandung Parahyangan Catholic University (Unpar), at Bandung Universitas Kristen Maranatha, in Bandung Universitas Kristen Maranatha, in Bandung Islamic University Bandung (Unisba), in Bandung Universitas Pasundan (Unpas), in Bandung Universitas Widyatama (Utama), in Bandung Garut University (Uniga), at Garut Universitas Islam Nusantara (Uninus), at Bandung Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati (Unswagati), in Cirebon University Struggle (Unper), in Tasikmalaya Galuh University (Unigal), in Ciamis Ibn Khaldun University Bogor (UIKA), in Bogor Pakuan University (Unpak), in Bogor University of Computer Indonesia (Unikom), in Bandung Winaya Mukti University (Unwim), in Jatinangor Sumedang Indonesian Cooperative Institute (Unwim) Ikopin), at Jatinangor Sumedang Universitas Sebeliapril (Unsap), at Sumedang University of Informatics and Business Indonesia (Unibi), in Bandung Universitas Majalengka (Unma), at Majalengka Universitas Kuningan (Uniku), in Kuningan Sekolah Kesehatan Kuningan (STIKKU), at Kuningan Sekop Tinggi Agama Islam (STAI al-Ihya), in Kuningan Islamic Religious High School AT-TAQWA (STAIA), in Bekasi High School of Economics IPWIJA JAKARTA (STIE IPWIJA), in Nagrak, Gunung Puteri, East Cileungsi-Bogor/Bogor Regency.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

High School of Law Bandung (STHB), in Bandung Bale University Bandung (Unibba), in Bandung School of Islamic Economics Al-Ishlah (STEI al-Ishlah), in Cirebon College of Technology Nusa Putra (STT NUSA PUTRA), in Sukabumi [11] Islamic Religious College (STAI al-Amin), in Sukabumi School Higher of Computer Informatics Management Tasikmalaya (STMIK Tasikmalaya), in Tasikmalaya City Wiralodra University (Unwir), at Indramayu Subang University (Unsub), in Subang Gunadarma University (UG), at Depok University Muhammadiyah Sukabumi (UMMI), at Sukabumi University Sukabumi (Unsu), at Sukabumi University (Unsu), at Sukabumi University (Unsu), at Sukabumi University (Unsu), at Sukabumi University (Unsu), at Sukabumi University (Unsu), Sukabumi Universitas Singaperbangsa (Unsika), in Karawang Universitas Purwakarta (Unpur), in Purwakarta Sutan Mahesa University (Unsuma), in North Sukabumi STAI DR.KHEZ Muttaqien (STAI Muttaqien), in Purwakarta [12] High School of Technology Wastukancana (STT Wastukancana), in Purwakarta [12] Wastukancana College of Technology (STT Wastukancana), in Purwakarta Polytechnic Pos Indonesia (Polposindo), in Bandung Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung (Unimba), in Bandung Universitas Suryakancana (Elements), in Cianjur Institute of Islamic Studies Fahmina (ISIF), in Cirebon Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon (UMC), at Cirebon University 17 August 1945 Cirebon (UNTAG) in Cirebon University of Struggle Tasikmalaya (UNPERTAS) in Tasikmalaya Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya University (UMTAS) in Tasikmalaya High School of Health Sciences (STIKES) Prima Indonesia in Babelan, Bekasi Regency Institute of Teacher and Education Sciences Siliwangi (IKIP Siliwangi) in Bandung Javanese Government The West is composed of 18 districts and 9 cities.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The cities of expansion since 1996 are: Bekasi City, bloomed from Bekasi Regency in 1996 Depok City, bloomed from Bogor Regency in 1999 Cimahi City, bloomed from Bandung Regency in 2001 Tasikmalaya City, bloomed from Tasikmalaya Regency in 2001 year 2001 Banjar City, bloomed from Ciamis Regency in 2002 West Bandung Regency, bloomed from Bandung Regency in 2007 Pangandaran Regency, blossomed from Ciamis Regency in 2012 Regency and city of West Java Regency and City List of Governors List of governors List of governors of Java West Java Representative has 91 representatives in DPR RI from 11 electoral districts and four representatives in DPD.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

West Java DPRD 2014 legislative election results composed of 10 parties, with the following details: Tourism, Art, and Culture Tourism Attractions of interest and many visited in West Java: White Crater, Ciwidey, Bandung Situ Cikabuyutan Regency, Legokherang Kuningan Situ Patenggang Regency, Rancabali, Bandung Observatory Bosscha Regency, Lembang, West Bandung Regency Taman Hutan Raya Ir. H. Djuanda, Lembang, West Bandung Regency Situ Buleud, Purwakarta Regency Bogor Botanical Garden, Bogor City Talaga Warna, Puncak, Bogor Taman Safari Regency Indonesia, Cisarua, Bogor Taman Wisata Mekarsari Regency, Bogor Beach Pangandaran Regency, Curug Cibeureum Regency, Cipanas, Cianjur Puncak Regency, Bogor Regency - Cianjur Cibodas Botanical Garden Regency, Cianjur Taman Bunga Nusantara Regency, Cianjur Taman Wisata Gunung Gede Pangrango, Cipanas, Cianjur, Cianjur Regency Cirata Reservoir, Cianjur Keraton Kasepuhan Regency, Cirebon Keraton Kanoman City Cirebon Palace Kacirebonan, Cirebon Palace Kaprabonan, Cirebon City Sunyaragi Water Park, Cirebon Plangon City, Cirebon Belawa Regency, Cirebon Trusmi Regency, Cirebon Wanawisata Ciwaringin Regency, Cirebon Cikalahang Regency, Cirebon Cipanas Regency, Garut Dam Walahar Regency , Klari, Karawang Curug Regency Bandung, Tegal Waru, Karawang Curug Cigeuntis Regency, Tegal Waru, Karawang Curug Cipanundaan Regency, Tegal Waru, Karawang Pantai Muara Baru Regency, Cilamaya Wetan, Karawang Beach Pakis Jaya Regency, Pakis Jaya, Karawang Beach Baru Regency, Pedes, Karawang Beach Tanjung Baru Regency, Tempuran, Karawang Pantai Tirtamaya Regency, Juntinyuat, Indramayu Linggarjati Regency, Kuningan Temple Jiwa, in Percandian Batujaya, Karawang Blandongan Temple in Percandian Batujaya, Karawang Darma Reservoir, Kuningan Curug Putri Regency, Kuningan Valley Cilengkrang Regency, Kuningan Liang Panas Regency, Kuningan Sidomba Regency, Kuningan Curug Landung Regency, Kuningan Situ Cicerem Regency, Kuningan Paseban Regency, Kuningan Cigugur Regency, Kuningan Forest City Regency, Kuningan Kuningan Regency, Kuningan Paniis Regency, Kuningan Palutungan Regency, Kuningan Curug Muara Jaya Regency, Majalengka Situ Sangiang Regency, Majalengka Taman Buana Marga Regency, Majalengka Tirta Indah Regency, Majalengka Jatiluhur Reservoir Regency, Purwakarta Ciater Regency, Subang Gunung Regency Tangkuban Perahu, Subang Pantai Blanakan Regency, Blanakan, Subang Pantai Pondok Bali Regency, Legon Kulon, Subang Regency Crocodile, Blanakan, Subang Pantai Pelabuhan Ratu Regency, Sukabumi Beach Ujung Genteng Regency, Ciracap, Sukabumi Kampung Toga Regency, Sumedang Regency Museum Prabu Geusan Ulun, Sumedang Situ Gede Regency, Tasikmalaya City Mount Galunggung, Tasikmalaya Kampung Naga Regency, Tasikmalaya Situ Bagendit Regency, Garut Beach Santolo Regency, Garut Beach Rancabuaya Regency, Garut Curug Cimahi Regency, West Bandung Situ Ciburuy Regency, West Bandung Regency Dian Al-Mahri Mosque, Depok City Arts Pencak silat Jaipong Gamelan Wayang Golek Puppet Leather Cirebon Kuda Renggong Sisingaan Horse Lumping Angklung Dance Mask Mask Mask Cirebon Tarling Degung Calung Tayub Cianjuran Kiliningan Dance Tap Tilu Rampak Kendang Yanuar Wita Song Manuk Dadali Song Cing Cang Keling Badud Ronggeng Mountain Food Batagor Cireng Comro Misro Tape Cassava (Peuyeum) Oncom Yam Cilembu Mochi Dodol Garut Empal Gentong Sega Jamblang Soy Sauce Majalengka Kalua Orange Opak Tofu Sumedang Sugar Claw Wajit Rengginang Combro Sate Cimi Gehu Ol Bala-Bala Gulali Sele Banana Asinan Bogor Tutug Oncom or commonly abbreviated T.O. Manisan Cianjur Cireng Angling Hucap Kuningan Fennel Papais There are various variants including Papais Ordinary (Papais Pocong), Papais Ten, etc.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Galendro Ampas Coconut Apeum Ranginang Gerejek or Regejek Opak Simpring or Kicimpring Saroja Sambel Beledak Rujak Human Development Index West Java is one of the most advanced provinces in Indonesia.


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

When viewed from the Human Development Index (IPM), West Java is the 10th most advanced province in the archipelago. [13]


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Now West Java IPM is 70.05 (0.700) and occupies a high status. [14]


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

The most advanced subprovince is the city of Bandung with an IPM of 80.13 (0.801) which has a very high status, while the most lagging is Cianjur Regency with an IPM of 62.92 (0.629) which has moderate status. [15]


Question: What was the population of the Sundanese community in 2018?

West Java

Articles related to the Human Development Index of cities and regencies in West Java: List of districts and cities of West Java by IPM in 2016 List of districts and cities of West Java by IPM 2015 List of districts and cities of West Java by IPM 2014 List of districts and cities West Java according to IPM year 2013 List of districts and cities of West Java by IPM year 2012 List of districts and cities of West Java by IPM year 2011 List of districts and cities of West Java by IPM year 2010 See also List of Indonesian provinces Reference Notes Outside links (in Indonesian) (in English) {{{1}}} Coordinates: Category:Provinces in Indonesia


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Jean Henri Dunant (), also known by the name Henry Dunant, is a Swiss businessman and social activist.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

When traveling for business affairs in 1859, he witnessed the aftermath of the Battle of Solferino, a location that today is part of Italy.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Those memories and experiences he wrote down in a book under the title A Memory of Solferino (Memories of Solferino), which inspired the formation of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1863.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The 1864 Geneva Convention was based on Dunant's ideas.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In 1901, she received the first ever Nobel Peace Prize, together with Frédéric Passy.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Dunant's youth and education Dunant was born in Geneva, Switzerland, the first son of businessman Jean-Jacques Dunant and his wife Antoinette Dunant-Colladon.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

His family were devout adherents of the Kalvin mashab (“Calvinist”) and had significant influence among the people of Geneva.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Both of her parents emphasized the importance of the value of social activities.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

His father was active in helping orphans and inmates serving parole, whereas his mother did social activities helping the sick and the poor.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Dunant grew up during the revival of religious consciousness known as Réveil.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

At the age of 18, she joined the Geneva Society of Charities (Geneva Society for Alms Giving).


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In the following year, with her friends, she founded a society called the” Thursday Association”, a young people's group with no official membership ties that conducted regular meetings to study Bibel and help the poor.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

His spare time much he spent visiting prisons and doing social activities.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

On November 30, 1852, Dunant established a branch of the YMCA in Geneva.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Three years later, she participated in the Paris meeting aimed at forming the YMCA into an international organization.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In 1849, when he was 21, Dunant was forced to leave Kolese Kalvin (Collège Calvin) because his academic achievements were poor.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

He then became an apprentice worker at a money exchange company called Lullin et Sautter.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

After his apprenticeship period was completed with good merit, he was appointed an employee of the bank.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Algeria In 1853, Dunant visited Algeria, Tunisia, and Sicily because it was commissioned by companies serving “the territories of the colonies of Setif”, namely the company called Compagnie genevoise de Colonies de Sétif.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Despite his lack of experience, Dunant managed to satisfactorily complete the assignment.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Inspired by those travel experiences, Dunant for the first time wrote a book, which she titled Notice sur la Régence de Tunis (The Story of Regency in Tunisia).


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The book was published in 1858.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In 1856, Dunant established companies operating in overseas colonies and, having obtained land concessions from Algeria which was then under French occupation, he also established a plantation and corn trading company called Société financière et industrielle des Moulins des Mons-Djémila (Financial and Industrial Company of Milling Mons-Djémila).


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

However, the promised land and water rights were not clearly established, while the colonial authorities in Algeria were also less cooperative.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Therefore, Dunant decided to ask for help directly to Emperor Napoleon III of France, who at that time was in Lombardi with his army.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

France was fighting on the side of Piedmont-Sardinia against Austria, which at that time occupied much of the region today named Italy.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Napoleon's headquarters are located in the small town called Solferino.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Dunant wrote a book whose contents were full of flattery and praise for Napoleon III for him gifts to the emperor.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Then he traveled to Solferino to meet privately with Napoleon III.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The Battle of Solferino Dunant arrived in Solferino in the evening of June 24, 1859, just when the battle between the two sides had just finished.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

About 38 thousand warriors rumbled on the battlefield in a state of wounded, dying, or dead, and there did not appear any meaningful effort was made to provide care to them.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In a state of shock to see the scene, Dunant took the initiative to deploy the local civilians, especially women, to provide assistance to the wounded and sick soldiers.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Since the necessary supplies of tools and medicines were inadequate, Dunant himself arranged for the purchase of the material needed it as well as helped set up a makeshift hospital.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

He managed to convince the locals to serve the wounded without seeing on which side they fought, in accordance with the slogan “Tutti fratelli” (We are all brothers) created by women from the town of Castiglione delle Stiviere not far from the place.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

He also managed to persuade the French side to free the Austrian doctors they had been captive.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The Red Cross On his return to Geneva in early July, Dunant decided to write a book about his experiences, which he later titled Un Souvenir de Solferino (Memories of Solferino).


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The book was published in 1862 totalling 1,600 copies, which were printed at Dunant's own expense.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In this book, Dunant describes the battle that took place, the various fare of the battle, and the chaotic circumstances it caused.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

He also put forward the idea of the need to be established a neutral organization to provide care to wounded warriors.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

This book he shared with many political and military figures in Europe.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Dunant also embarked on trips throughout Europe to promote his ideas.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The book received very positive reviews.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The president of the Geneva Society for Public Welfare (Geneva Association for General Welfare), namely a jurist named Gustave Moynier, raised this book along with Dunant's proposals in it as the topic of the organization's meeting on February 9, 1863.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The members of the organization reviewed Dunant's proposals and gave positive assessments.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

They then formed a Committee of five men to further explore the possibility of realizing Dunant's ideas, and Dunant was appointed as one of the members of this Committee.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The four other members of this Committee were Gustave Moynier, a general of the Swiss armed forces named Henri Dufour, and two physicians named Louis Appia and Théodore Maunoir respectively.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The committee held its first meeting on 17 February 1863, which is now considered the date of the founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

From the start, Moynier and Dunant differed from each other and warring regarding their respective visions and plans, and their imperceptibility was getting longer and greater.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Moynier considered Dunant's idea of the need to be established neutrality protections for care-givers as a hard-to-accept notion of sense as well as advising Dunant not to insist on imposing the concept.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

However, Dunant continued to advocate his stance on his every trip and in every one of his talks with high-level political and military officials.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

This further intensified the personal conflict between Moynier, who sported a pragmatic approach to the project, and Dunant, who was a visionary idealist among all five members of that Committee.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Ultimately, Moynier attempted to attack and thwart Dunant when Dunant ran for the position of Committee chairman.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In October 1863, 14 countries participated in a meeting organized by that Committee in Geneva to discuss the issue of improved care for wounded servicemen.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

However, Dunant himself only became chairman of the protocoler in the meeting as a result of Moynier's attempt to downsize his role.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

A year later, on 22 August 1864, a diplomatic conference organized by the Swiss Parliament came to fruition in the form of the signing of the First Geneva Convention by 12 countries.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

For this conference, Dunant only served as an organizer of accommodation for participants.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The forgotten period of Dunant Business in Algeria suffered a setback, in part because of its devotion to its own humanistic ideals.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In April 1867, the bankruptcy of the financial company Crédit Genevois resulted in a scandal involving Dunant.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

He was forced to declare bankruptcy and was convicted guilty by the Geneva Court of Commerce on 17 August 1868 for fraudulent practices in the bankruptcy case.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

His family and many of his friends were heavily impacted from his bank Crédit Genevois as they invested heavily in this company.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

People in Geneva, a city with a deep-rooted Kalvin tradition, were so riled and furious that calls arose for Dunant to resign from the International Committee of the Red Cross.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

On August 25, 1868, he resigned his post as Secretary of the Committee and, on September 8, he was removed entirely from the Committee.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Moynier, who had been President of the Committee since 1864, was instrumental in removing Dunant from the Committee.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In February 1868, Dunant's mother died.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

At the end of that year, Dunant was also removed from the YMCA.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In March 1867, he left the city of his birth, Geneva, and never returned again there.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In the years that followed, Moynier apparently sought to use his influence to ensure that Dunant should not receive help or support from his friends.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

For example, the prize of the gold medal of Sciences Morales at the Paris World Week was not so awarded to Dunant as originally planned, but was given to Moynier, Dufour, and Dunant together so that the entire money of the prize was entitled to the Committee.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Napoleon III's offer to amble half of Dunant's debt obligations on condition that Dunant's friends guarantee the repayment of that half again was also thwarted by Moynier's efforts.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Dunant moved to Paris and lived there in a state of dereliction.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

However, she continues to strive to realize her humanitarian ideas and plans.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

During the course of the French-Prussian War (1870-1871), he founded the Joint Humanitarian Aid Association (“Allgemeine Fürsorgegesellschaft”) and, shortly after, he founded the Joint Alliance for Order and Civilization (“Allgemeine Allianz für Ordnung und Zivilisation”).


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Dunant argued about the need to be held disarmament talks and the need to establish an international tribunal to mediate international conflicts.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Later, he sought the formation of a world library, an idea that had echoes in his later projects, among others UNESCO.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In his never-stopping effort to advocate and realize his ideas, Dunant increasingly neglected his personal financial situation so that he became increasingly embroiled in debt and shunned by his acquaintances.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Despite being appointed an honorary member of the Red Cross Societies of Austria, the Netherlands, Sweden, Prussia, and Spain, he was almost forgotten in the official course of the Red Cross Movement, even when the Movement expanded rapidly into other countries.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Dunant lived in poverty and sedentary places between 1874-1886, including Stuttgart, Rome, Korfu, Basel, and Karlsruhe.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In Stuttgart, Dunant met a student of Tübingan University (Tübingen University) named Rudolf Müller and then became friendly with him.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In 1881, together with a number of friends from Stuttgart, Dunant for the first time went to Heiden, a rest village in Switzerland.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In 1887, while living in London, she began receiving monthly financial assistance from a number of distant relatives.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

It allowed him to live in safer financial conditions.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Dunant moved to Heiden in July 1887 and lived in the village for the rest of his life.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

From April 30, 1892, she lived in a hospital and nursing home headed by Dr. Hermann Altherr.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In Heiden, he met a young teacher named Wilhelm Sonderegger and his wife Susanna.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

They encouraged him to record his life experiences.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Sonderegger's wife established a branch of the Red Cross in Heiden and, in 1890, Dunant became honorary president of the branch.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

With Sonderegger in place, Dunant hoped it would be able to promote his ideas further, including publishing new editions of his books.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

However, their friendship later in life became strained as Dunant scuttled unjustified accusations that Sonderegger, along with Moynier in Geneva, conspired against him.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Sonderegger died in 1904, at his only age of 42.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Despite their strained relationship, Dunant was deeply moved by the unfathomable death of Sonderegger.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Wilhelm and Susanna Sonderegger's admiration for Dunant, which they nonetheless felt even though Dunant scuttled the charge, was passed down to their children.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In 1935, their son, namely René, published a collection of letters that Dunant wrote to his father.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Back in public remembrance In September 1895, Georg Baumberger, editor in chief of Die Ostschweiz, a newspaper published in St. Gall, wrote an article about the founder of the Red Cross, who had met and chatted with him when they were walking around Heiden a month earlier.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The article was titled “Henri Dunant, founder of the Red Cross” (Henri Dunant, the founder of the Red Cross) and appeared in a German published illustrated magazine, Über Land und Meer.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Immediately this article was reproduced in various other media throughout Europe.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The article received such rave reviews that Dunant again gained the attention and support of audiences.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

He later received the Swiss Binet-Fendt Prize and a letter from Pope Leo XIII.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Thanks to the help of the widow of the Russian tsar, namely Maria Feodorovna, and other donations from various parties, Dunant's financial situation greatly improved.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In 1897, Rudolf Müller, who was then already working as a teacher in Stuttgart, wrote a book about the origins of the Red Cross.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The content of the book changed the official history of the Red Cross by emphasizing Dunant's role.


Question: When was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The book also included the text “Memories of Solferino.”


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Dunant began to correspond with Bertha von Suttner and wrote an awful lot of other articles and writings.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

She was especially active in writing about the rights of women.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In 1897, Dunant facilitated the founding of the “Green Cross” (Green Cross), a short-lived and only women's organisation active in Brussels.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Nobel Peace Prize In 1901, Dunant received the first Nobel Peace Prize ever awarded, for his role in founding the International Red Cross Movement and beginning the process of forming the Geneva Conventions.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The Norwegian military doctor, Hans Daae, who once received a copy of Müller's book, advocated Dunant's case to the Nobel Committee.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The prize was a joint prize awarded to Dunant and Frédéric Passy, a French peace activist who founded the Peace League and who was active with Dunant in the Alliance for Order and Civilization (Alliance for Order and Civilization).


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The official congratulations Dunant finally received from the International Committee of the Red Cross represent the rehabilitation of Dunant's name: “No one is more worthy to receive this honor, because it was you who forty years ago founded the international organization of humanitarian aid for wounded on the field of combat.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Without you, the Red Cross, which was the great achievement of humanity of the nineteenth century, would probably never have been attempted.”


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Moynier and the International Committee of the Red Cross as a whole were also nominated for that Nobel Peace Prize.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Although Dunant gained support from wide circles in the selection process, she remained a controversial nominee.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

A number of parties argue that the Red Cross and the Geneva Conventions actually make war more interesting and tempting by relieving some of the suffering caused by war.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Therefore, Müller in his letter to the Nobel Committee expressed the opinion that the prize needed to be divided between Dunant and Passy, who had been a prime candidate to be the only recipient of the prize in the debate that occurred during the course of the selection process.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Müller also suggested that should Dunant be deemed worthy of receiving the Nobel Prize, the prize needed to be immediately awarded to him given his advanced age and his already deteriorating health condition.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The Nobel Committee's decision to split the prize between Passy, a peace figure, and Dunant, a humanitarian figure, set a precedent for requirements regarding the selection of Nobel Peace Prize recipients that had a significant impact in the following years.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

One of the passages in Nobel's will mentions that the prize for peace is awarded to a person who seeks to reduce or abolish permanent troops (standing armies) or seeks to scara directly promote peace conferences.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

This is what makes Passy naturally selected to be the potential recipient of the prize thanks to his efforts in the field of peace.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Awarding the Nobel Prize for efforts in the humanitarian field alone would be a striking one, and it is considered by a number of parties to be an overly broad interpretation of the Nobel will.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

However, another passage in the Nobel will establishes a prize for the one who achieves the best in raising the “brotherhood of people”.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

This could more generally be interpreted as a message that humanitarian efforts such as those undertaken by Dunant were also related to peace efforts.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize in the following years were included in one of two categories that for the first time were established by the decision of the 1901 Nobel Committee.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Hans Daae managed to put the prize money of which Dunant was part, amounting to 104,000 Swiss francs, in a bank in Norway and prevented the money from being accessed by Dunant's creditors.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Dunant himself has never used a shred of that money in his life.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Death and inheritance Among several other honors received by Dunant in the following years was an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Heidelberg, which he received in 1903.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Dunant lived in a nursing home in Heiden until the end of his life.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In the last years of his life, he suffered from depression and fear (paranoia) that he continued to be sought out by his creditors and Moynier.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Even Dunant sometimes urged the nursing home cook to first taste her food rations in her presence so that she would be shielded from the possibility of being poisoned.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Despite claiming to remain Christian, Dunant in the last years of his life rejected and attacked Calvinism and organized religion in general.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

According to his attendants, the last act Dunant performed in his life was to send a copy of Müller's book to the queen of Italy with a letter of introduction from Dunant himself.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Dunant passed away on 30 October 1910, and his last words were “Where is the cessation of humanity?”


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Dunant died just two months after his sworn enemy, Moynier.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Although the ICRC congratulated Dunant on the awarding of the Nobel Prize, the two rivals never reconciled.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

As per his wishes, Dunant was buried without ceremony at the Sihlfeld Cemetery Complex in Zurich.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In his will, he donated some money to provide one “free bed” at the aforementioned nursing home in Heiden, which should always be available to the region's poor.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

He also gave some money, through a notarial deed, to his friends and to charitable organizations in Norway and Switzerland.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The rest of the money he gave to his creditors so that some of his debts were paid off.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Dunant's inability to fully pay off his debts became a great burden on him up to the day of his death.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

His birthday, May 8, is celebrated as World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day (“World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day”).


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The nursing home in Heiden that used to house it is now the Henry Dunant Museum.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In Geneva and a number of other cities there are countless streets, fields, and schools named after him.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

The Henry Dunant Medal, conferred every two years by the Standing Commission of the Red Cross Movement and the International Red Cross, is the highest award bestowed by the Movement.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Dunant's life story was told, with a number of fictional elements, in the film d'Homme à hommes (1948) starring Jean-Louis Barrault.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Dunant's lifetime when the Red Cross was founded was featured in an international co-produced film entitled Henry Dunant: Red on the Cross (2006).


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

In 2010, the Takarazuka Revue staged a musical play based on Dunant's experiences in Solferino and the founding process of the Red Cross.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

This musical drama is titled ルクリーの明( Dawn in Solferino, or Where Is the Cessation of Humanity?).


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Henry Dunant's English-language Book Reference: A Memory of Solferino.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

ICRC, Geneva 1986, ISBN 2-88145-006-7 — full text online: Pierre Boissier: History of the International Committee of the Red Cross.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Volume I: From Solferino to Tsushima.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Henry Dunant Institute, Geneva 1985, ISBN 2-88044-012-2 Pierre Boissier: Henri Dunant Henry Dunant Institute, Geneva 1974, ISBN 2-88044-012-2 • Caroline Moorehead: Dunant's dream: War, Switzerland and the history of the Red Cross.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

HarperCollins, London 1998, ISBN 0-00-255141-1 (Hardcover edition); HarperCollins, London 1999, ISBN 0-00-638883-3 (Paperback edition) Peter Masters: Men of Destiny.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Wakeman Trust, London 2008, ISBN 1-870855-55-8 (Paperback edition).


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

See chapter 8 - The Man Behind the Red Cross.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Eveline Hasler's German-language book: Der Zeitreisende.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Die Visionen des Henry Dunant.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Verlag Nagel & Kimche AG, Zürich 1994, ISBN 3-312-00199-4 (Hardcover edition); Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, München 2003, ISBN 3-423-13073-3 (Paperback edition) Martin Gumpert: Dunant.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Der Roman des Roten Kreuzes.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt 1987, ISBN 3-596-25261-X Willy Heudtlass, Walter Gruber: Jean Henry Dunant.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Gründer des Roten Kreuzes, Urheber der Genfer Konvention.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Auflage.


Question: when was Maria Fyodorovna born?

Henry Dunant

Verlag Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-17-008670-7 Outlinks (in French) (in French) (in French) Category:Nobel Peace Prize Winners


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Ir. Muhammad Warsianto () is an Indonesian scientist.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

The eldest son of Primary School teacher Wardoyo and Siti Fatimah received higher education at the Faculty of Agricultural Mechanization Technology Bogor Agricultural Institute in 1975-1979.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

He started working in the British American Tobacco (BAT) Management Trainee section in 1979 and was stationed in Bali as a supervisor of tobacco farmers. [1]


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

At that time the position of white cigarettes in Indonesia was still ranked second in the Indonesian cigarette market with famous brands of BAT production such as Ardath, Commodore and 555.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

A year in Bali later Warsianto was moved to Lombok also to develop a Virginia-type tobacco plant there for a year.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Currently Lombok is already the world's largest Virginia tobacco production center in Indonesia.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

From Lombok then he was transferred to the BAT factory in Kobong, Kaligawe, Semarang.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

At that time BAT had two factories namely in Semarang and Cirebon.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

But the center of compounding tobacco or commonly called Tobacco Blender is only in the city of Semarang.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

This is where his knowledge of compounding was honed and he later developed brand blending. [1]


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

As the Product Development Manager of BAT that Warsianto began to get acquainted with new product development.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

At that time he, among others, handled the development of Ardath, the change of packaging design (pack design change) and the launch of new products (launching new product).


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

The position demanded that he was technically competent as well as marketing in the field.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Around 1987, Sampoerna deployed head hunters to seek executives for their new product development.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

At that time Putera Sampoerna only returned from the United States in October 1987 and needed people who were experienced and competent in their field.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

After a career for 9 years at BAT, Warsianto admitted he was interested in joining Sampoerna in addition to the compensation offered better, also because in BAT it is impossible to develop sigaret raw products, but it can be done at HM Sampoerna.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Warsianto intends to develop a new type of cigarette. [2]


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Discovery of LTLN Cigarettes When disconnecting from BAT, Warsianto then began to mix LTLN kretek cigarettes, and get the right levels of tar and nicotine, 14mg Tar and 1.0mg Nicotine, tar levels that almost equaled Marlboro.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

That tar and nicotine levels are owned by A Mild (1989), Bentoel Mild (1995), and Clas Mild (2003).


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

The combination of three brands of kretek cigarettes from three different companies makes it known as the “Pioneer of Mild Cigarettes”.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

All three works are the top three cigarettes kretek mild in Indonesia.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

The first rank is occupied by A Mild (HM Sampoerna) with a turnover of 10 billion rods per year, the second rank is occupied by Bentoel Mild (Bentoel Group) with a turnover of 7.5 billion rods per year, and the third rank is occupied by Clas Mild (Nojorono) with a turnover of 5 billion rods per year.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

This figure is still far from the leader of the cigarette market in Indonesia, the Dji Sam Soe brand with a turnover of 100 billion cigarettes per year. [3]


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

A Mild In HM Sampoerna, Warsianto served as Head of New Product Development at the age of 33.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

At that time Sampoerna's position was small because the turnover of Sampoerna Hijau superior products still lost compared to Minak Djinggo which is a product of Nojorono, Kudus Regency, even still much more inferior compared to Philip Morris Indonesia, because Sampoerna Hijau used to imitate the design packaging from Dji Sam Soe.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Begin Warsianto and the management team under the leadership of Putera Sampoerna build infrastructure starting personnel, organization and systems.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

The first task was to launch Dji Sam Soe's competitor product, Sampoerna Hijau in 1968.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Simultaneously implemented the development of new products including A Mild.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Before A Mild was launched, many doubts about Putera Sampoerna's idea in creating LTLN kretek cigarettes.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Because of that time, in Indonesia there was no cigarette Kretek LTLN at all. [2]


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

At that time white cigarettes controlled the market at the second rank with a regional base of North Sumatra at 70% and the remaining 30% in Java.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

From year to year there was a decline from white cigarettes to kretek cigarettes.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

But the decline is not too fast because the cigarette kretek imejnya is still low.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Because in 1987, people were still ashamed to consume kretek cigarettes.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

If even smoking a cigarette kretek it is done in secret in the bathroom or toilet.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Meanwhile, when hanging out with friends, smoked cigarettes are white cigarettes.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

At that time, indeed if consumers want to enjoy the taste they tend to choose kretek cigarettes.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Because Indonesians like flavorful cigarettes (spicy) because there are cloves, the sauce follows sweet taste.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

While white cigarettes taste unsalted (plain). [2]


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Another thing that makes people hesitant with kretek cigarettes is because consumers are starting to be health-conscious.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

At that time white cigarettes had low tar and nicotine levels.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

While kretek cigarettes have high levels of tar and nicotine.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Soon Warsianto made studies and proposals to the top management for the development of a new cigarette category later more commonly known as Mild cigarettes.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Basically kretek cigarettes use cloves that have high eugenol levels.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Whereas eugenol has a contribution to the tar content so that the greater the euginol, the level of tar is also higher.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

In addition, kretek cigarettes use heavy tobacco in the form of rajangan tobacco that is not used in white cigarettes.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

From that kind of thing then Warsianto began to develop one type of kretek cigarette that can be reduced levels of tar and nicotine while having no less appearance than white cigarettes.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

For the sake of that purpose on the type of tobacco were made modifications and processing technologies were developed including filtration technology (for filters or filters), perforation technology (for ventilation) and process technology.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Tobacco used remains rajangan tobacco but is selected that has not too high tar and nicotine content through laboratory tests.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

In order for low tar and nicotine, the design of the sigaret needs to be formulated with jelly including the selection of filter type and perforation for ventilation in cigarettes.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

In such a way can be predicted the level of tar and nicotine obtained by the composition of tobacco, cloves, sauces.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

With certain engineering can be mathematically calculated the expected tar and nicotine lizard.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

For example, desired tar 14 and nicotine 1 then the figure is retreated first.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Then set the type of tobacco, filter, perforation used so that the result is close to the desired number.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Bentoel Mild In 1992, because he wanted to become an entrepreneur, then Warsianto became a partner of Markplus with Kresnayana Yahya.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

There he briefly held several clients among them Wismilak Group (merged with Japan Tobacco) and Cat Emco.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

But he only lasted as a consultant for 3 years.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

In 1995 when there was a transfer of management of PT Bentoel Prima from the old owner to Rajawali Group (one group with P&G), then Warsianto was offered to become GM Marketing.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Warsianto asked Peter Sondakh to develop new mild cigarette products in the company headquartered in Malang Regency.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

By 1994, sales of Bentoel Blue were on the decline.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Therefore, in 1995 came out Bentoel Mild.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

The product was quite successful with sales of 7.5 billion rods to date.


Question: When Ir. Muhammad Warsianto was born?

Muhammad Warsianto

Not yet satisfied with Bentoel Mild, in December 1997 came out Star Mild, which was also a competitor to A Mild.