Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

The vagina is attached to the uterus through the cervix, while the uterus is attached to the ovary through the fallopian tube.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

Each ovary contains hundreds of eggs or ovums.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

Approximately every 28 days, the pituitary gland releases hormones that stimulate some eggs to develop and grow.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

One ovum is released and passes through the fallopian tube to the uterus.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

The hormones produced by the ovaries make the uterus able to receive the ovum.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

The lining of the uterus, called the endometrium, and the unfertilized ovum are the storehouse of each cycle through the menstrual process.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

If the ovum is fertilized by sperm, it will attach itself to the endometrium and make the fetus develop.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

Reproduction Gamete production is produced in gonads through a process known as gametogenesis.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

This occurs when certain types of germ cells undergo meiosis to divide the normal diploid by chromosome count (n=46) into haploid cells containing only 23 chromosomes. [2] JMPL|testicular anatomy In males, this process is known as spermatogenesis, and only occurs after puberty period in the seminiferous tubules of the testicles.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

Adult spermatozoa or sperm are then sent to the epididymis, where they get a tail, thus activating motility.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

Each of the original diploid germ cells or primary spermatocytes forms four functional gametes each of which is forever young.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

Production and survival of sperm requires temperatures below normal core body temperature.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

The scrotum, located outside the body cavity, provides a temperature of about 3°C below normal body temperature.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

In females, gametogenesis is known as oogenesis; it occurs in the ovary of the ovarian follicle.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

This process does not produce a mature egg until puberty.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

Unlike the males, each of the original diploid germ cells or primary oocytes will form only one mature egg cell, and three polar bodies that are incapable of fruiting.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

It has long been known that in females, like males, all primary oocytes ever found in females will be created before birth, and the final stage of egg production will not resume until puberty.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

However, recent scientific research has opposed the hypothesis. [3]


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

New research shows that at least some mammalian species, oocytes are continuously replenished in females after childbirth. [4]


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

Diseases Like all complex organs of the system, the human reproductive system is affected by many diseases.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

There are four main categories of reproductive diseases in humans, among them: genetic or congenital abnormalities, cancers, infections, which are often sexually transmitted diseases, functional problems caused by environmental factors, physical damage, psychological problems, autoimmune disorders, or causes other.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

The most well-known functional include the problem of sexual dysfunction and infertility, which is related to various disorders with many causes.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

Specific reproductive diseases are symptoms of diseases and diseases of other disorders, or have some unknown cause making them difficult to classify those diseases.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

Examples of unclassified disorders are Peyronie's disease in males and endometriosis in females.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

Many congenital conditions cause reproductive disorders, but are better known as other symptoms.


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

Included are Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Cystic fibrosis, and Bloom syndrome. [5]


Question: What is the anatomic structure of the human reproductive system?

Human reproductive system

Reference Category:Human Anatomy Category:Reproductive system


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Gulag (/ˈuːlæ-ˈː-/; Russian:Гулаг, IPA: [ˈlak] (listen)) is an abbreviation for главное управление исправительно—трудовых лагерей и кололой и “Glavnoye u pravleniyeispravitelno-trudovykh lagerey i kolonii”, or “Directorate (or Administration) of the Head for Camps and Colonies- colony of Forced Labor Punishment” of the NKVD.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Anne Applebaum, in her book Gulag: A History, explains: Gulag is a prison that operates a penal system in the form of forced labor camps and transit camps as well as related detention prisons.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

While in these camps were detained all kinds of criminals, the Gulag system was especially once known as a place for political prisoners and as a mechanism to oppress political opposition to the Soviet state.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Although the Gulag imprisoned millions, its name only became famous outside the Eastern Bloc through the publishing of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's 1973 book the Gulag Archipelago, which likened the scattered camps to an archipelago.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Term Literally, the word GULAG is an abbreviation, which means Glavnoe Upravlenie Lagerei, or Main Camp Administration.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

After some time, the word “Gulag” was finally interpreted not only as the administration of those concentration camps but also the Soviet system of forced labor itself, in all its forms and variations: forced labor camps, penal camps, criminal and political camps, women's camps, children's camps kid, transit camp.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

More broadly, “Gulag” was eventually used to refer to the Soviet own system of oppression, a series of procedures that captives once referred to as “meat milling”: capture, interrogation, transportation on animal trains without heating systems, forced labor, destruction family, the years passed at the disposal, death at an early age that did not need to occur.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Some authors refer to all prisoners and camps throughout Soviet history (1917—1991) as Gulag.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

In modern usage, the word is often not necessarily associated with the Soviet Union.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

For example, in phrases such as “”.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Buru Island is often referred to as “Gulag Indonesia”.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Note that the original abbreviation in Russian (ГУЛАг, never in compound form), describes not just one camp, but a whole government department responsible for the entire camp system.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

This word is almost never used in Russian - either officially or in colloquial usage - because of the term commonly used for the forced labor camp system or for each of those camps, usually referred to in Russian solely as “camp” (“лагеря”) or” zona” (“зона”, always in singular).


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The term “punitive forced labor” was proposed for official use by the politbureau meeting of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on July 27, 1929, instead of the term concentration camp, which was commonly used until then.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

A colloquial term for a prisoner in the Soviet Gulag was “zeka”, “zek”.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

In Russian, the word for “prisoner”, “captive” is “заключённый”, zakliuchyonnyi, usually abbreviated to 'з/к' in documents, pronounced as' зэка '(zeh-ka), and slowly changed to' зэк 'and 'зек'.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

This word is still used in everyday outbreaks, without necessarily referring to forced labor camps. 'з/к' was originally an abbreviation for “заключённый каналостроитель”, “zakliuchyonnyi kanalostroitel'” (captive builder of the canal), which came from the slave-workers members of the Volga-Donau Canal.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Later, the term was interpreted as “zakliuchyonnyi”.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

In addition to the most common categories of camps that practice heavy forced labor as well as prisons of various types, there are also other forms.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Sharashka (шарашка, place of wasting time) is in reality a secret research laboratorium-laboratorium.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Here scientists who are arrested and found guilty, some of them are prominent figures, anonymously developing new technologies, and also conducting basic research.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Psikhushka (психушка, madhouse), forced medical treatment in psychiatric detention was used, instead of camps, to isolate and destroy morile political prisoners.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

This practice became increasingly prevalent after the official disbandment of the Gulag system.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

See Vladimir Bukovsky, Pyotr Grigorenko.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Special camps or zones for children (Gulag jargon: “малолетки”, maloletki, minors), for those with disabilities (in Spassk), and for mothers (“мамки”, mamki) who have babies.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Camps for “the wives of the traitors of the Fatherland” (there is a special category of oppression: “Family Members of the Traitors of the Fatherland” (ЧСИР, член семьи изменника Родины)).


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Under the supervision of Lavrenty Beria who headed the NKVD and the Soviet atomic bomb program until his death in 1953, thousands of zeks were used to mine uranium seeds and prepare testing facilities, among others in Novaya Zemlya, Vaygach Island, Semipalatinsk.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Reports even state that Gulag prisoners were used in early nuclear tests (the first held in Semipalatinsk in 1949) within the territories and radioactive nuclear submarines were cleared.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

History Since 1918 detention facilities for this type of prisoner camp were built, as an improved expansion of the previous forced labor camps (katorga), which were operated in Siberia as part of the system of condemnation in the Russian Empire.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Its two main types are “Camps with special purpose Vechecka” (“особые лагеря ВЧК”) and forced labor camps (лагеря принудительных работ).


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

They were built for different categories of people considered dangerous to the state: for common criminals, for prisoners from the Russian Civil War, for officials accused of corruption, sabotage and embezzlement, various political enemies and dissidents, as well as former aristocrats, businessmen, and extensive landowners.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The legal base and guidelines for creating a system of “punitive labor camps” (Russian: “исправительно-трудовые лагеря”, “Ispravitel'no-Trudovye lagerya”), that is, the backbone of what is usually called the “Gulag,” was a secret edict from Sovnarkom on July 11, 1929 utilization of punitive power (see Reference wikisourcenya), which mimics an additional section aligned in the minutes of the Politbiro meeting on June 27, 1929.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

As an institution based on the USSR Union and a parent administration with the OGPU, the Soviet Secret Police, GULAG was officially established on April 25, 1930 as “ULAG” based on OGPU order No. 130/63 in conjunction with Sovnarkom order No. 22 p. 248 dated 7 April 1930, and renamed to GULAG in November.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

At the beginning of the 1930s, drastic measures that tightened Soviet condemnation policies led to a significant accretion in the number of detention camp occupants.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

In the time of the Great Terror (1937-1938), most arbitrary mass incarcerations led to another large increase in the number of prisoners.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

In these years, hundreds of thousands of people were arrested and sentenced to long prison terms based on one of the various paragraphs of the famous Paragraph 58 of the Criminal Law Book of the Republics of the USSR, which defined condemnation for various forms of “counter-revolution activities.”


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The hypothesis that economic considerations were responsible as the cause of the missal arrests in the time of Stalinism has been refuted based on ex-Soviet archives that have been opened since the 1990s, although some archival sources also tend to support economic hypothesis. [1] [2] However, the development of the camp system follows economic lines.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

(For “corrective occupational colonies” this is poorly enforced, for specialized dwellings almost absolutely not.)


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The growth of the camp system went hand in hand with the peaking of the Soviet industrialization campaign.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Therefore, most of the camps were set up to accommodate so many prisoners placed with certain economic tasks.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

This includes natural resources and colonization of remote areas as well as the realization of huge infrastructure facilities as well as industrial development projects.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

In 1931-1932, the Gulag had about 200,000 prisoners in camps; in 1935 — about 800,000 in camps and 300,000 in colonies (annual average), and in 1939 about 1.3 million in camps and 350,000 in colonies.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

(Bdk., i.e., Istorija stalinskogo Gulaga: konec 1920-kh - pervaia polovina 1950-kh godov; sobranie documentov v 7 tomach, ed. by V. pp. Kozlov et al., Moskva: ROSPEN 2004, vol. 4: Naselenie GuLaga) In World War II, the population of the Gulag declined sharply, as it released missally hundreds of thousands of prisoners recruited and sent directly to the boundary poultice (often in punitive battalions sent to the area most dangerous battles and experience high mortality rates).


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The death rate peaked in 1942—1943.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

After PD II the number of prisoners in prison camps and colonies again increased sharply, to reach about 2.5 million people in the early 1950s (about 1.7 million thereof were in camps).


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

While some of them were deserters and prisoners of war, there were also 339,000 Soviet nationals repatriated from refugee camps in Germany (including 233,000 former military personnel) accused of betraying and aiding the enemy.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Tens of thousands of them were eventually found guilty and transferred to detention camps.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Large numbers of civilians from Russian territories occupied by other countries and territories annexed by the Soviet Union after the war were also sent there.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

It was not something out of the ordinary for those who survived Nazi camps to be sent directly to Soviet labor camps.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

But the main reason for the increase in the number of prisoners in the post-war period was the tightening of the law on property rights violations in the summer of 1947 (at this time there was a famine in a number of USSR regions, which resulted in the death of 1 million people), which resulted in hundreds of thousands of people being subjected to long custody period, not uncommon by reason of theft or embezzlement of petty.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

During the years following PD II, a small number of prisoners were Baltic and Ukrainian people from countries recently incorporated into the Soviet Union, as well as Finns, Poles, Romanians and others.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Instead, prisoners of war were held within a separate camp system, which was administered by a separate main administration with the NKVD/MVD.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The state continued to maintain this camp system for a time after Stalin's death in March 1953.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The amnesty program then enacted was only restricted to those who had been detained for at most 5 years, so most only those who committed ordinary crimes were released.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The release of political prisoners began in 1954 and became widespread, and was also accompanied by mass rehabilitation, after Nikita Khrushchev rejected Stalinism in his Secret Speech at the 20th Congress of the PKUS in February, 1956.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

According to recent estimates based on archival documents, the whole was about 18-20 million people who had been prisoners in the camps and colonies during the period of Stalinism at any given time.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

By the late 1950s, practically all “corrective labor camps” were disbanded.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Yet the colonies still remain.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Officially the GULAG was dissolved by the MVD order on 25 January 1960.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The overall documented deaths in the system of corrective forced labor camps and colonies from 1930 to 1956 totaled up to 1,606,748, including both political and ordinary prisoners.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

This figure does not include more than 800,000 death sentences for the “counter-revolution” in the “Great Terror” period, because generally all of them were carried out outside the camp system and counted separately.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

From 1932 to 1940, at least 390,000 peasants died in places of work settlement.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

One can also deny that many of those who survive this suffer permanent physical and psychological damage.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

About the number of prisoners and their death rates, see Getty, Rittersporn and Zemskov papers in the American Historical Review, Vol 98, No 4 Deaths in a certain number of camps are documented more fully than in other places.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Extreme production quota conditions, malnutrition, severe conditions, inadequate housing, health and health maintenance, as well as brutal treatment by officers and camp guards and fellow prisoners are the main reasons for the high mortality rate, which in case- extreme cases can reach 80%.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Tree felling and mining are the most common and most strenuous activities.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

In a Gulag mining, one's production quota (norm) may be up to 13,000kg of iron ore per day, with the quota increased by tufta (“feigned work”), so that more work will be reported than what is actually done, and achieved through bribes, Good relationship, sexual service or deception.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Failure in reaching the quota will result in the loss of important rations (reduced to 300 grams of “black rye bread”, 5 grams of flour, 25 grams of buckwheat or macaroni, 27 grams of meat and 170 grams of potatoes).


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Lower food rations mean lower productivity, and this vicious circle usually results in fatal consequences through a condition of bodily weakness and devitalization, dubbed “dokhodiaga” (доходяга), a term derived from the Russian verb “dokhodit” (). reaching (limit of endurance)) and translates roughly as “one who is hopeless”.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

However, dokhodyaga status can also occur even though one has attained status as an udarnik (a super productive worker) and attained higher rations (in a camp, an air nik receives one kilo of bread per day) and other privileges, such as for example housing conditions better.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

This is due to the fact that the additional food obtained turned out to be insufficient to compensate for the energy used in the attempt to achieve higher quotas, which exceeded the standard norm by 50% or more.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Prisoners are often forced to work in inhumane conditions.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Despite the extremely brutal climate, they almost never get enough adequate clothing, food, and health care.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

They are also given nothing to megatate vitamin deficiencies that cause them to often suffer from malnutrition diseases (such as gingivitis).


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The nutritional value of daily food rations about 1,200 calories (5,000 kilojoules), mainly from low-quality bread dispensed by weight.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

According to the World Health Organization, the minimum need for a hard worker is between 3,100—3,900 calories (13,000 to 16,300 kJ) per day.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The administrators routinely stole from this camp various necessity items for his personal benefit, and to please his superiors.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

As a result, prisoners were forced to work even harder to overcome the shortcomings.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The administrators and confidants (prisoners who were given duties to serve the camp themselves, such as cooks, bakers or warehouse officers, nicknamed “pridurki” [translated as “fools” or “morons”, but actually the real meaning is” people who just tinker” {and not toil}]) steal drugs, clothes, and groceries.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Geography In the first days of the Gulag, the locations for the camps were spun primarily for the ease of isolating the prisoners.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Remote monasteries in particular were often used as places for new camps.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The place on the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea is one of the first and most important places noted, being built shortly after the 1918 Revolution.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The colloquial name for this archipelago, “Solovki”, came into colloquial language as a synonym for forced labor camps in general.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The place was described to the world as an example of the new Soviet way of “re-educating class enemies” and reintegrating them through labor into Soviet society.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

At first those prisoners, consisting mostly of the Russian intelligentsia, enjoyed relative freedom (within the natural boundaries of the archipelago).


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Local newspapers and magazines were disungint and even a number of scientific studies were carried out (i.e., a botanical garden was preserved, but the poor later completely disappeared).


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Eventually this place turned into an ordinary Gulag camp; instead some historians say that Solovki was a stub camp of this form.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

See Solovki for more detailed information.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Maxim Gorky visited this camp in 1929 and published an apology for him.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

With a renewed emphasis on the Gulag as a way to concentralize cheap power, new camps were then built throughout areas of Soviet influence, wherever existing economic tasks required its existence (or were specifically designed to require it, as for example Belomorkanal or Baikal Amur Main Line), including facilities in major cities — parts of the famous Moscow Metro and the new campus of Moscow State University were built with forced labor.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

There were many more other projects during the rapid industrialization of the 1930s, wartime and post-war times implemented relying on the backs of prisoners, and the activities of Gulag camps stretched across vast Soviet industry.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Most Gulag camps were placed in very remote areas of northeastern Siberia (the most famous assemblages were the Sevvostlag (Northeast Camps) along the Kolyma River and Norillag near Norilsk) and in the southeastern parts of the Soviet Union, especially in the stepa-steppes Kazakhstan (Luglag, Steplag, Peschanlag).


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

All these were large and uninhabited territories and had no streets (instead, the construction of the streets itself was assigned to prisoners from camps who had the special task of building railway roads) or food sources, but were rich with minerals and other natural sources (for example wood).


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

However, these camps generally spread throughout the Soviet Union, including in European parts of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

There were also a number of camps located outside the Soviet Union, in Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and Mongolia, all of which were under direct Gulag control.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Not all camps were fortified; instead some of the camps in Siberia were marked only by outposts. Escape attempts were hindered by harsh elements, as well as tracking dogs stationed in each of the camps.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

While in the 1920s and 1930s indigenous tribes often helped the escapees, many of those tribes were also victims of the fleeing thieves.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Seduced by the great prizes, they then begin to assist the government in capturing the Gulag escapees.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Camp guards were also given harsh incentives to escort their prisoners at any price.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

When a prisoner escapes under the supervision of a guard, the guard will often lose his uniform and he himself becomes a resident of the Gulag.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Furthermore, when an escaped prisoner is shot, the guards can be fined an amount often equivalent to a week or two weeks' pay.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

In certain cases, teams of prisoners were sent to a new area with a limited supply of sources and left to start a new camp or die.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Sometimes this attempt is made several times before the next wave of colonists can survive in the face of the elements.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The region along the Indigirka River is known as the Gulag within the Gulag.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

In 1926, the village of Oimiakon (Оймякон) in the region recorded a record low temperature of −71.2°C.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The influence of Gulag Culture lasted almost forty years in Soviet and Eastern European history and influenced millions of people.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Its cultural impact has also been great.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Many eyewitness reports of Gulag prisoners were published before World War II.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Julius Margolin's book A Travel to the Land Ze-Ka (Journey to the Land of Ze-Ka) was completed in 1947, but such a book was unlikely to be published in the Soviet Union in those days, immediately after World War II.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Gustaw Herling-Grudziński wrote A World Apart (Separated in Another World), which was translated into English by Andrzej Ciolkosz and published with an introduction by Bertrand Russell in 1951.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

By depicting life in the Gulag in harrowing personal reports, the book provides an original and in-depth analysis of the essence of the Soviet communist system.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The book, written 10 years before Alexander Solzhenitsyn's book A Day In the Life of Ivan Denisovich, made him famous internationally (except in France).


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Alexander Solzhenitsyn's book The Gulag Archipelago (Gulag Archipelago) was not the first literary work concerning forced labor camps.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

His earlier book on the same subject, “A day in the life of Ivan Denisovich”, concerning a typical day of the life of a prisoner in the GULAG, was originally published in the most prestigious Soviet monthly magazine, “Novij Mir”, “The New World”, on November 1962, but was soon banned and pulled from all libraries.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

It was the first work to expose the Gulag as an instrument of government oppression of its own citizens at a massive level.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

The Gulag engendered a great influence on present-day Russian thought, and an important part of modern Russian folklore.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Many of the chants performed by writers and actors known as bards, especially once Vladimir Vysotsky and Alexander Galich, although both were never interned in camps in the Gulag, depicted life inside the Gulag and glorified the lives of the “Zek”.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Words and phrases derived from forced labor camps became part of Russian/Soviet colloquial expressions in the '60s and '70s. The memoirs of Alexander Dolgun, Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Varlam Shalamov and Yevgenia Ginzburg, among others, became the langbang of resistance in Soviet society.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

These writings, particularly those of Solzhenitsyn, vehemently denounced the Soviet people for being tolerant and apathetic towards the Gulag, but at the same time bore testimony to the courage and determination of those detained.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Another cultural symptom in the Soviet Union associated with the Gulag was the forced migration of many artists and other cultural figures to Siberia.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

This gave birth to a kind of Renaissance in places like Magadan, where, for example, the quality of its theatre productions was comparable to what was in Moscow.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Colonization Soviet state documents show that among the goals of the GULAG was the colonization of sparsely populated inland areas.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

To achieve this goal, then the understanding of “free settlement” is allowed.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

When well-behaved people had already completed a large part of their custody period, they could be freed to live in a “free settlement” (вольное поселение, “volnoye poseleniye”) outside the confines of the camp.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

They were known as the “free settlers” (вольнопоселенцы, “volnoposelentsy”, not to be confused with the terms ссыльнопоселенцы, “ssyl'noposelentsy”, “outcast settlers”).


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

In addition, for persons who have served a full term of custody, but are not granted freedom of choice of residence, it is recommended that they be placed in a “free settlement” and given land around his place of detention.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

This regulation is also inherited from the katorga system.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

The Gulag

Life after the term of detention People serving a period of detention in a camp or in prison are subject to restrictions in choosing employment from a wider range.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

Disclosing the forfeiture of detention in the past is an offence that can be subjected to judicial proceedings.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

People serving detention as “political prisoners” were a nuisance for the “First Department” (Первый Отдел-"Pervyj Otdel”), the channeling of the secret police on all endeavors and institutions, since the former “political prisoners” had to be constantly monitored.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

Many of the people released from these camps were forbidden to settle in major cities.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

After a long period of detention, many people lose their previous work skills as well as their social contacts.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

Therefore, when they are finally released, many of those who would like to willingly decide to become (or stay as) “free occupants”.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

This decision is also influenced by knowledge of the limits imposed upon them in other places.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

When many of the former prisoners released were recaptured during the wave of arrests that began in 1947, this was more common with those who had chosen to return to their hometowns than those who remained near those camps as free occupants.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

The final development of Anne Applebaum's monograph describes the release of political prisoners from those camps, the last in 1987.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

In November 1991 the Russian parliament, the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, approved the “Declaration of the Rights and Freedoms of the Individual” guaranteeing theoretically, among various other freedoms, the right to disbelieve against the government.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

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Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

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Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

Anne Applebaum, Gulag: A History, Broadway Books, 2003, Hardcover, 720 pp., ISBN 0-7679-0056-1.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

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Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

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Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

Stephane Courtois, The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard University Press, 1999, 858 pp., ISBN 0-674-07608-7.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

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Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

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Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

Arch Getty, Oleg V. Naumov, The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932-1939, Yale University Press, 1999, 635 pp., ISBN 0-300-07772-6.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

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Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

Gustaw Herling, A World Apart: Imprisonment in a Soviet Labor Camp During World War, Penguin, 1996, 284 pp., ISBN 0-14-025184-7.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

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Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

Paul Gregory, Valery Lazarev, peny., The Economical of Forced Labour: The Soviet Gulag, Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 2003, full text available in Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

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Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

Oleg V. Khlevniuk, The History of the Gulag: From Collectivisation to the Great Terror, Yale University Press, 2004, bold cover, 464 pp., ISBN 0-300-09284-9.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

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Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

Tomasz Kizny, Gulag: Life and Death Inside the Soviet Concentration Camps 1917-1990, Firefly Books Ltd., 2004, 496 pp., ISBN 1-55297-964-4.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

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Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

Jacques Rossi, The Gulag Handbook: An Encyclopedia Dictionary of Soviet Penitentiary Institutions and Terms Related to the Forced Labour Camps, 1989, ISBN 1-55778-024-2.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

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Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

Varlam Shalamov, Kolyma Tales, Penguin Books, 1995, 528 pp., ISBN 0-14-018695-6.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

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Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago, Harper & Row, 660 pp., ISBN 0-06-080332-0.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

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Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago: Two, Harper & Row, 712 pp., ISBN 0-06-080345-2.


Question: What was the main purpose of the Gulag established?

Gulag

{{Country data {{{1}}} | flaglink/core | variant = | size = | name = | altlink =national rugby union team | altvar =rugby union}},, in lib.ru (in original Russian text) {{Country data {{{1}}} | flaglink/core | variant = | size = | name = | altlink =national rugby union team | altlink | altlink=national rugby union team | altlink | altlink | altlink=national rugby union team | altlink=altlink=national rugby union team | altlink | altlink var =rugby union}} Istorija stalinskogo Gulaga: konec 1920-kh - pervaia polovina 1950-kh godov; sobranie documentov v 7 tomach, edited by V. pp. Kozlov et al., Moskva: ROSPEN 2004-5, 7 vols. ISBN 5-8243-0604-4 See also Paragraph 58 (RSFSR Law Book) Buru List of Gulag camps List of Soviet dissidents Human rights Katorga Islands Gulag Islands 101st Kilometer Laogai Memorial (community) Parasitism (social violations) Internal forces Norilsk Rebellion, rebellion in ( mining camp) Norilsk “Gorlag”, 1953 Forced settlement in the USSR Samizdat History of the USSR Troika (triumvirate) ZATO Wikisource {{Country data {{{1}}} | flaglink/core | variant = | size = | name = | altlink =national rugby union team | altvar =rugby union}} Decret about labor camps forced 1919 {{Country data {{{1}}} | flaglink/core | variant = | size = | name = | altlink =national rugby union team | altvar =rugby union}} Edict on forced labor punishment, 1929 Outside links Photoalbum at NYPL Digital Gallery “Moscow News" (2.05.2006) Category:Soviet phrases Category:Human Rights Category:Words from Russian


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Chelsea Football Club /ˈtɪɛlsiː/ is an English football club headquartered in Fulham, London.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Chelsea was founded in 1905 and now competes in the English Premier League.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Chelsea's first success was achieved when they won the league title in 1955.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Several titles from various competitions were also successfully achieved in the decades of the 1960s, 1970s, 1990s, and 2000s.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Throughout the history of performances in the world of football in England and Europe, Chelsea has achieved six English Premier League titles, seven FA Cups, five League Cups, one UEFA Champions League trophy, two UEFA Cup Winners Cup, one UEFA European League and one UEFA Super Cup. [3]


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

In the past two decades it has been Chelsea's best period of success with 22 titles since 1997, including for the first ever Double winner, the English Premier League and FA Cup in 2010 as well as the UEFA Champions League title in 2012 and the UEFA European League in 2012 and the UEFA European League in 2012. 2013. [4] [5] Chelsea's main costume is a royal blue sweatshirt and pants with white socks.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Such combinations have been used since the decade of the 1960s.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

The club's emblem has changed several times in an effort to modernize and change the imaging.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

The emblem now used, which features a ceremonial lion holding a scepter, is a modification of the coat of arms once used in the 1950s. [6]


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Since 2003, Chelsea has been owned by Roman Abramovich a Russian billionaire. [7]


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

In 2016, Chelsea was ranked as the seventh most valued football club in the world by Forbes magazine, valued at £1.15 billion ($1.66 billion). [8]


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

The average number of league spectators on home matches of the 2016—17 season was 41,507 spectators, the sixth highest number in the English Premier League. [9]


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

History In 1904 H. A. Mears acquired the Stamford Bridge athletic stadium with the goal of converting it into a football stadium.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

He then planned the erection of a new football club after an offer made to Fulham to use the stadium was rejected.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Given there had been a club called Fulham, the name Chelsea which was a small town adjacent to the stadium was chosen as the name of the new club.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Other names such as Kensington FC, Stamford Bridge FC and London FC were briefly considered for selection. [10]


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Chelsea was founded on 10 March 1905 in a pub The Rising Sun (now The Butcher's Hook restaurant) [1] and first played in the Football League competition.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

John Robertson was a 28-year-old national team player at the time selected as Chelsea's first player-manager position.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

A number of players were recruited from various clubs to strengthen the team, such as goalkeepers William “Fatty” Foulke from Sheffield United, Jimmy Windridge and Bob McRoberts from Small Heath, and Frank Pearson from Manchester City.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Their first match occurred on 2 September 1905, an away match facing Stockport County.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Chelsea lost by a score of 0—1. [11]


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

While their first home game was a 4—0 win in a friendly against Liverpool.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Robertson was also Chelsea's first goalscorer on a competitive match during their 1—0 win over Blackpool. [12]


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Chelsea experienced a number of promotions to Division One and Division Two of the English League after gaining promotion to Division One in their second season.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Their best achievement in the early years was to make it to the 1915 FA Cup Final but were defeated by Sheffield United at Old Trafford and when they ended Division One in third place in the final table in 1920. [13]


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Chelsea have a reputation for bringing in famous players [14] and large spectators [15], but success still did not come to them in the days of World War I and II.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

The former Arsenal attacker and Ted Drake became manager in 1952.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Drake began to modernise the club both on and off the field.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

He changed the Chelsea pensionary logo, improved the youth team training and coaching system, and strengthened the depth of the team by bringing in players from the lower divisions and amateur leagues to successfully bring Chelsea to their first trophy, the title 1954—55 English League Division One.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

In the following season, UEFA held an inter-club championship of league champions in Europe, the Champions Cup, but disapproval of the English Football League authorities and the FA led Chelsea to withdraw from the championship before it began. [16]


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Chelsea failed to continue that success and were only mid-table occupants of the league standings in the decade of the 1950s.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Drake was fired in 1961 and replaced by Tommy Docherty who captured the position of player-manager. jmpl|left|chart showing Chelsea's league progress finished in the 1905-1906 season to 2007—08 Chelsea again became champions of the English Premier League 50 years later, namely in 2005, during the time of manager José Mourinho (2004 - 2007), who at that time had the full support of the owner of Russian oil billionaire Roman Abramovich.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

In the same year (2005), Chelsea also won the Carling Cup by beating Liverpool.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Next in 2006, Chelsea again won the English Premier League.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

And in 2007, Chelsea also won the Carling Cup again after beating Arsenal 2-1 and became FA Cup champions after beating Manchester United 1-0 through extra-time.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

But due to some poor performances at the beginning of the 2007—08 competition season coupled with an unfitness with the owner, José Mourinho eventually resigned from the position of manager, and was later replaced by Avram Grant the former manager of the Israeli national team.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

At the beginning of Grant's training period, many people looked at him next to the eye.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

However, Avram Grant was able to lead Chelsea to a runners-up treble in the Carling Cup before being defeated by Tottenham Hotspur by a score of 2-1.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Overtaken to English Premier League runners-up under Manchester United and was runner-up in the Champions League after losing a penalty shootout 6-5 to Manchester United.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

However the feat was deemed not good enough so Grant was forced to be sacked at the end of the season.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

In late January 2009, Avram Grant was replaced by Brazilian coach, Luiz Felipe Scolari.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

However, Scolari was also unable to deliver a satisfactory feat.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

So that at the end of April 2009 suffered the same fate as Grant.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

The vacant position of Chelsea manager was then filled by then-coach, Guus Hiddink, until the end of the 2008—09 season.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

At the end of May, before leaving Chelsea, Guus Hiddink provided sweet memories by bringing Chelsea a fifth FA Cup title.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

At the beginning of the 2009—10 competition season, Chelsea announced Carlo Ancelotti as the new manager, with 3 seasons on the contract.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Ancelotti immediately delivered the title by taking Chelsea to win the 2009 Community Shield after beating Manchester United in a penalty shootout.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

The victory in the penalty shoot-out was the first time for Chelsea since 1998, when Chelsea faced Ipswich Town in the League Cup.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

At the end of the season, Chelsea managed to win the English Premier League and FA Cup, which was the first achievement in Chelsea's history.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Chelsea also became the seventh club to earn the record of winning the Double Winner title.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Chelsea striker Didier Drogba has earned the Golden Boot as Top Scorer with 29 goals.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

In the last game of the league on 9 May 2010, Chelsea humiliated Wigan by a crushing score of 8—0 with Drogba scoring 3 goals.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Chelsea also set a 100% absolute win record against all Premier League top four teams (Manchester United, Liverpool and Arsenal).


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

In his second season, Ancelotti was sacked by Chelsea in May 2011 after a 1—0 defeat to Everton in the last game of the 2010—11 season.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

At the start of the 2011—12 season, André Villas-Boas was appointed coach of Chelsea. [17]


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Following a number of poor results experienced by Chelsea, Villas-Boas was sacked in March 2012.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

His assistant, Roberto Di Matteo who is a former Chelsea player was later appointed as ad interim main coach.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Under Di Matteo's direction Chelsea showed impressive results by successfully winning the FA Cup title for the seventh time [18] and the UEFA Champions League [19] for the first time in the club's history—which also became the first London club to achieve the title. [20]


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Di Matteo was then replaced by Rafael Benítez who was contracted until the end of the 2012—13 season and won the 2012—13 UEFA European League, Chelsea became the first English club to win all four European trophies.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

In the 2013—14 season, José Mourinho returned to Chelsea and was contracted for 4 seasons.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Then, in the 2014—15 season Chelsea managed to win the English Premier League and League Cup.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

However, as defending champions Chelsea went through the 2015—16 season poorly and earned the sacking of manager José Mourinho.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Chelsea re-appointed Guus Hiddink as “ad interim” manager until the end of the season.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Before the 2015—16 season ended, Chelsea had announced Antonio Conte as manager under contract for 3 seasons, starting from the 2016—17 season.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Antonio Conte becomes the fifth Chelsea manager to come from Italy after Gianluca Vialli, Claudio Ranieri, Carlo Ancelotti and Roberto Di Matteo.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Costume supplier and main Team Squad Sponsor As of August 31, 2018 [21] Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

No.PositionPlayer1GKkepa Arrizabalaga2DFantonio rüdiger3dfMarcos alonso4MFCESC fàbregas5mfjorginho6mfDanny drinkwater7mfn'golo kanté8mfross barkley10mfeden hazard11mfpedro12mben loftukcheek13mfeden Willy Caballero15MFVictor Moses17MfMateo Kovačić (loan from Real Madrid) No.PositionPlayer18FwOlivier Giroud20MFCallum Hudson-Odoi21dFDavide Zappacosta22mfwillian24dfGary Cahill (captain) 27dfandreas Christensen28dfcésar azpilicueta29fwálvaro morata30dfDavid Luiz31gkRobert Greenfemer33dfWálvaro Morata30dfDavid Luiz31GkRobert Greenfemer33dFedA29Fwálvaro Morata30DFDavid Luiz31GkRobert GreenfemSON44DFETHAN AMPADU59GKMarcin Bułka—MFLucas Piazon For recent transfers, see Chelsea F.C. season 2018—19.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Other contracted players Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

No.PositionPlayer—GKMitchell Beeney—DFalex Davey No.PositionPlayer—DFTodd Kane Loan [22] Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

No.PositionPlayer—GkNathan Baxter (to Solihull Moors until 14 May 2017) —DFola Aina (to Hull City until 30 June 2018) —MFruben Loftus-Cheek (to Crystal Palace until 30 June 2018) —GkJamal Blackman (to Wycombe Wanderers until 30 June 2017) —GKmatej Delač (to Mouscron-Péwelz 30 June 2017) — DFBaba Rahman (to Schalke 04 to 30 June 2017) —DFJake Clarke-Salter (to Bristol Rovers until 30 June 2017) —DffanKaty Dabo (to Swindon Town until 30 June 2017) —DFJay Dasilva (to Charlton Athletic until 30 June 2017) —DFMichael Hector (to Eintracht Frankfurt until 30 June 2017) —DFtomáš (to Fulham until 30 June 2017) —DFMatt Miazga (to Vitesse Arnhem until 30 June 2017) —DFKenneth Omeruo (to Alanyaspor until 30 June 2017) —Dffikayo Tomori (to Brighton & Hove Albion until 30 June 2017) —DFWallace (to Grêmio until 30 June 2017) —MfMukhtar Ali (to Vitesse Aresse nhem until June 30, 2017) — MFVictorien Angban (to Granada until 30 June 2017) —MFlewis Baker (to Vitesse Arnhem until 30 June 2017) no.PositionPlayera—MFCharlie Colkett (to Vitesse Arnhem until 30 June 2018) —MFCristián Cuevas (to Sint-Truiden until 30 June 2017) —MFJordan Houghton (to Doncaster Rovers until 30 June 2017) —MFNathan (to Vitesse Arnhem until 30 June 2017) —MFKasey Palmer (to Huddersfield Town until 30 June 2018) —MFDanilo Pantić (to Excelsior until 30 June 2017) —MFMario Pašalić (to Milan up to 30 June 2017) —MFLucas Piazon (to Fulham until 30 June 2018) —MFMarco van Ginkel (to PSV Eindhoven until 30 June 2017) —FWTammy Abraham (to Swansea City until 30 June 2018) —FWISAIAH Brown (to Huddersfield Town until 30 June 2018) —FWislam Feruz (to Swindon Town until 30 June 2017) —FWISlam Feruz (to Swindon Town until 30 June 2017) —FWISlam Feruz (to Swindon Town until 30 June 2017) —FWISlam Feruz (to Swindon Kiwomya (to Crewe Alexandra until 30 June 2017) —FWloïc Rémy (to Crystal Palace until 30 June 2017) —FWJoao Rodríguez (to Cortuluá until 30 June 2017) 5DFKurt Zouma (to Stoke City F.C. until 2018) 16MfKenedy (to Newcastle United F.C. until 2018) 17MFCharly Musonda (to Celtic F.C. until 2019) WMichy Batshuayi (to Borussia Dortmund until June 2018) —MFtiémoué Bakayoko (to Milan until 30 June 2019) Best Player of the Year See also: Category:Chelsea F.C. Chelsea's Annual Player of The Year Award (English: Chelsea's Player of The Year) is given to the best player according to the voting results noise from the Chelsea fans. [23]


Question: who is the top scorer in history at chealsea FC?

Chelsea F.C.

Leading managers Berkit list of managers who achieved at least one title when he became Chelsea manager: Training staff Achievements and awards Template:UEFA Cup Winners Cup Winners Template:UEFA Champions League Champions Template:UEFA Super Cup Champions Category:Football teams England Category:UEFA Super Cup winning clubs Category:UEFA Champions League Winning Clubs


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

Time division multiple access (TDMA) introduced by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), is a digital transmission technology that allocates a unique time slot for each users on each of the channels [1], and became one of the main methods used by mobile telephone digital networks to connect telephone calls.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

Digital signals from digital networks are connected to a specific user to connect with a separate digital frequency channel without disconnecting them by allocating time.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

TDMA is also a development method of FDMA that each channel frequency is divided into a time slot of about 10 ms.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

The system is also supported by various services for the last user such as voice, data, facsimile, short message service (sms), and broadcast messages.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

Currently, in broad terms there are two competition system models that divide the mobile phone market itself, namely TDMA and CDMA.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

And TDMA became the technology of choice as it was adopted by Europe as standard on (Global System for Mobile Communications, GSM) and Japan with (Japanese Digital Cellular, JDC).


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

However, in the third generation (3G) wireless network, CDMA will be an option compared to TDMA [1].


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

The evolution of the original TDMA Type TDMAS was IS—54, introduced in 1998—1989 by TIA/CTIA (Telecommunications Industry Association).


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

It is an incorporation of a set of features including, consent, number—call ID, message wait indicator (MWI) and voice privacy.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

IS—54B had expired in 1994 by introducing IS—136 shortly followed by changes to A and B. IS—136 reverted to IS—54B and joined DCCH making new features.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

IS—136A raises IS—136 to describe cellular service in between the 800MHz and 1900MHz frequency bands.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

Introduced outside-air activation and program service.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

IS—136B includes new comparisons of services including broadcast SMS, data plans, and others.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

How to work Each service area in the mobile phone system is divided into several columns.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

Each column is used approximately one to seven times of the available canals.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

The digital telephone column converts a phone call to digital before it gets in touch.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

This column provides a large place and well raises the capacity of each column.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

The TDMA takes each canal and splits it into three times the gap.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

Each talk on the phone gets a radio signal for one to three times, and the system quickly converts from one phone to another.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

It is left to time-division multiplexing.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

Because the digital signal is heavily suppressed, the alternation among three different talks on the phone is refined by not omitting information.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

The result is a system that has three times the capacity of an analog system and uses the same channel without TDMA.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

A column using TDMA can handle 168 irregular snags thoroughly.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

TDMA is also used in GSM which is the basis of PCS (Personal Communication Service).


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

With PCS, the canals are divided into eight parts.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

Operation of TDMA requires outlink control of all regulating parts containing some control information.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

This outlink carrier also has a frame structure that provides accurate timing information for all parts of the controller.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

The central teleport equipment of the VSAT computer says to each site a specific time slot for use in the TDMA structure and this information plan is broadcast to all sections at regular intervals.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

An explosion time plan may already be established, so that each section allocates a certain proportion of the entire TDMA time structure or it may be dynamic, whereby the time slots that are placed, are adjusted in response to the traffic needs of each section.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

The advantages of TDMA over other mobile phone technologies TDMA are designed to be used in every environment and situation, from cordless use in business areas to users who often travel at high speeds on freeways (TOL).


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

Another advantage of TDMA besides improving relationship efficiency, compared to other cellular technologies.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

It can be easily adapted to data transmission as well as voice communication.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

TDMA offers the ability to carry data rates from 64 kbps to 120 Mbps (expanded in multiples of 64 kbps) allowing operators to offer private communications such as fax, data voiceband, and short messaging (SMS) services as well as applications requiring a “pitalebar” on a intensive like multimedia and videoconferencing.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

Unlike spread-spectrum techniques that can experience interference among users who are all in the same frequency band and in touch at the same time, TDMA technology separates users in time, so as not to experience interference from other simultaneous relationships.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

TDMA provides long battery life.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

TDMA runs storage filling in base-equipment stations, chambers and maintenance, is an important factor as smaller cell growth size.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

The cost of using TDMA is highly effective for converting analog to digital system current technology.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

TDMA is the only technology that offers efficient utilization of hierarchical cell structures (HCS) offering piko, micro, and macrocells.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

HCS includes systems to be tailored to support specific traffic and service needs, making a system of more than 40-times AMPS capacity achievable at cost efficient.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

The TDMA service system corresponds to the use of dual-mode handsets, due to the presence of importance according to FDMA analog systems.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

TDMA drawbacks from other mobile phones Two major shortcomings of TDMA: The use of an already set time gap makes it difficult to control calls to the next column, adding to the likelihood that a call will be disconnected when the call moves between columns.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

TDMA is a staple of combining distortion parts, which impacts when pieces of conversation jump around buildings and other difficulties such as the attitude at the time of the conversation reach the line from the sequence.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

Footnotes Lamb Reference, George (1998).


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

The TDMA Book (Mass Market Paperback).


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

England: Cordero Consulting Inc. Harte, Lawrence J., Jacobs, Charles A., Smith, Adrian D. (1998) IS-136 TDMA Technology, Economics, and Services.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

California: Artech House, Incorporated Sumar, Siska (2007).


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

Wireless technology.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

Jakarta: Adra Offset.


Question: What is meant by Time division multiple access?

TDMA

ISBN 971070616417 Outside Links Category:Telecommunications Category:Protocol Data Connection Layer


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Vietnam (Vietnamese: Việt Nam Chồ Nôm: 南[ viətnæm] (listen)), officially named Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Cộng Hòa Xã Hội Ch) is the easternmost country in the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Vietnam borders the People's Republic of China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest and to the east of the South China Sea. [1]


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

With a population of about 84 million, Vietnam is the number 13 most populous country in the world.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Vietnam belongs to the “Next Eleven” group of economies; according to the government, Vietnam's GDP grew by 8.17% in 2006, the second fastest-growing country in East Asia and first in Southeast Asia.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

At the end of 2007, the finance minister stated Vietnam's GDP growth was expected to reach a record high in ten years of 8.44%.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

History History of Vietnam can be drawn back to 2500 years ago, but according to legend, it can be drawn back to 4000 years ago.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Vietnam, since the 11th century BC to the 10th century AD the majority was under imperial Chinese rule.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

In 939 AD, Vietnam became politically independent, and began using Champa as the name of the country.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The period after this is considered the period of development of Vietnamese nationality identity.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The government and politics of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a single-party state.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

A new constitution was passed in April 1992 replacing the 1975 version.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The former leading role of the Communist party is re-included in all organs of government, politics and society.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Only political organizations that cooperate or are supported by the Communist Party are allowed to participate in general elections.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

These include Barisan Tanah Homeland Vietnam (Vietnamese Fatherland Front), a union party of merchants and workers.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Although the state remains officially pledged to socialism as its doctrine, the meaning of the ideology has diminished greatly since the 1990s. The President of Vietnam is the head of state and nominally the commander-in-chief of the Vietnamese military, occupying the National Council for Defense and Security (Council National Defense and Security).


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The Prime Minister of Vietnam is the head of government, heads a cabinet consisting of 3 deputy prime ministers and heads 26 ministers and entrepreneurs.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The National Assembly of Vietnam (National Assembly of Vietnam) is a governmental lawmaking body that holds legislative rights, composed of 498 members.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

These assemblies have higher positions than executive and judicative agencies.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

All members of the cabinet are from the National Assembly.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The Supreme People's Court (Supreme People's Court of Vietnam) has the highest legal authority in Vietnam, also responsible to the National Assembly.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Under the Supreme People's Court are the Provincial Municipal Courts and Regional Courts of Vietnam.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The Military Tribunal of Vietnam is also a strong adjudicative branch with special authority in matters of national security.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

All organs of the Vietnamese government are in large part controlled by the Communist Party.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The majority of government-appointed people are members of the party.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The General Secretary of the Communist Party is probably one of the most important political leaders in Vietnam, controls the national organization of the party and the state treaties, also regulates laws.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The People's Army of Vietnam (TRV) is the national army of Vietnam, organized exemplary on the People's Liberation Army organization.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The TRV is further further divided into the Vietnam People's Army (including Strategic Support Forces and Border Defense Forces), Vietnam People's Navy, Vietnam People's Air Force as well as the Coast Guard.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

In its history, TRV was actively involved in the development of Vietnam to develop the Vietnamese economy.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

This was done in an attempt to coordinate national defense and the economy.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

TRV is fielded in fields such as industry, agriculture, forestry, fisheries and telecommunications.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

At present, the strength of the TRV is approaching 500,000 troops.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The government also controls civilian reserve forces and the police force.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The role of the military in the sector of people's lives has been slowly reduced since the 1980s.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The administrative division of the capital of Vietnam is Hanoi (formerly served as the capital of North Vietnam), while the largest and most populous city is Ho Chi Minh City (formerly known as Saigon). province (in Vietnamese called tnh) and 5 municipalities in direct control by the central government and has the same level as the provinces (thành phtrức thuộc trung ương).


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The 59 provinces were then divided into provincial municipalities (thành phtrức thuộc tnh, urban (thị xã) and rural (huyện) areas, and then further subdivided into cities (thị trấn) or communes (xã).


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Whereas, the 5 madya towns controlled by the central government were divided into districts (quận) and districts, and later, were further divided into wards (phường).


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Oftentimes, the Vietnamese government groups the various provinces into eight regional regions: Northwest, Northeast, Red River Delta, North Central Coast, South Central Coast, Central Plateau, Southeast and Mekong River Delta.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Red River Delta Bắc Ninh Ha Nam Ha Tay Hai Duong Hung Yen Nam Dinh Ninh Binh Thai Binh Vĩnh Phúc Ha Noi (district) Hai Phong (district) North Central Coast Ha Tinh Nghe An Quang Binh Quảng Trị Thanh Hóa Thĩa Thiên-Huế Northeast Bắc Giang Bắc Bạn Ha Giang Lang Son Lao Cai Phu Tho Quang Ninh Thái Nguyên Tuyen Quang Yen Bai Northwest Dien Bien Hoa Binh Lai Chau Son La Plateau Central Dak Lak Nong Gia Lai Kon Tum Lam Dong South Central Coast Binh Dinh Khanh Hoa Phu Yen Quang Nam Quang Ngai Da Nang (district) Southeast Ba Ria-Vung Tau Binh Duong Binh Phuoc Binh Thuan Dong Nai Ninh Thuan Tay Ninh Ho Chi Minh (district) Mekong River Delta An Giang Bạc Liêu Bến Tre Ca Mau Dong Thap Hau Giang Kien Giang Long An Soc Trang Tien Giang Trà Vinh Vĩnh Long Cần Thị (district) approximately 332,698km2 (128,455sqmi), hence the size is almost equivalent to the area of Germany. [2]


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The part of Vietnam bordering its international boundaries is 4,639km (2,883mi) [2] and the length of its coast is 3,444km (2,140mi).


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Its topography consists of heavily forested hills and mountains, with lowlands covering no more than 20%.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Mountains contribute to 40% of Vietnam's total area, with small hills contributing by 40% and tropical forests 42%.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The Northern part consists mostly of mountains and the Red River Delta.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Phan Xi Pang, located in Lao Cai province, is the highest mountain in Vietnam at 3,143m (10,312ft).


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The south is divided into low datran waterfront, Annamite Chain peaks, extensive forests and poor soil.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Consisting of 5 plato basalt soils that average average, the mountains contribute 16% to Vietnam's arable land (= land suitable for agriculture such as maize and wheat) and 22% of Vietnam's total forested land.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The Red River Delta (also known as Song Hong), is a triangle-shaped flattened region of 15,000km2 (5,792sqmi), [3] smaller but more developed and densely populated than the Mekong River Delta.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Formerly the Red River Delta was a small bay in the Gulf of Tonkin area, filled by large deposits of river deposits during the millenium period and extending 100 meters into the Gulf of Tonkin annually.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The Mekong Delta covers about 40,000 square kilometers, is a lowland that is no more than three meters above sea level from any point and is crisscross by a maze (network) of canals and rivers.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

So much sediment is carried by the branches and streams of the Mekong River that the delta extends about 60 to 80 meters towards the sea each year.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Vietnam's climate has a tropical monsoon (heavy rain) climate, with an average humidity of 84% throughout the year.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

But, due to differences in latitude and topographic diversity, climate tends to vary greatly from one place to another.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

In times of winter or dry season, generally occurring from November to April, monsoon winds usually blow from the Northeast along the RRT coast and lead into the Gulf of Tonkin, increasing much of the humidity; in effect, winter in most of Vietnam is dry.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Average annual temperatures are generally higher in the lowlands than in the mountains and plateaus.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The economy of the Vietnam War was devastating for the Vietnamese economy.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

At the time of the takeover of power, the government created a planned economy, similar to what Indonesia did in the New Order era through the Five-Year Development Plan.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Collectivization of agriculture, factories and economic capital was implemented, and millions of people were employed on government programs.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

For decades, Vietnam's economy was plagued by inefficiencies and corruption in state programs, poor quality and under target production and restrictions on economic activity and trade.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Vietnam also suffered as a result of trade embargoes by the United States and most European countries after the Vietnam War.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

After that, trading partners with Communist blocs began to recede.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

In 1986, the Sixth Party Congress introduced important economic reforms with elements of the market economy as part of a broad economic reform package called Doi Moi (Renovation).


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Private ownership was ramped up in industry, commerce and agriculture.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

In one party, Vietnam managed to achieve annual GDP growth of 8% from 1990 to 1997 and continued at around 7% from 2000 to 2005, making Vietnam the world's second fastest growing economy.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

At the same time, foreign investment grew threefold and domestic deposits grew fourfold.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Manufacturing, information technology and advanced technology industries form a larger and fast-growing part than the national economy.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Vietnam is relatively a new player in the petroleum business, but now Vietnam is Southeast Asia's third-largest oil producer with a production value of 400,000 barrels per day.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Vietnam is one of the Asian countries with the most open economic policies; its trade balance stands at about 160% of GDP, more than twice the ratio of China and more than four times India's ratio. [4]


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Vietnam is generally still classified as a poor country with a GDP of US$280.2 billion (2006 estimate).


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

This signifies a purchasing power capability of ~US$3,300 per capita (or US$726 per capita based on market exchange rate).


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The inflation rate was estimated at 7.5% per annum in 2006.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Public purchasing power is increasing by leaps and bounds.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Poverty, based on the number of people living on incomes below $1 per day, has decreased drastically and is now fewer than in China, India and the Philippines. [5]


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

As a result of land reform measures, Vietnam is now the largest producer of cashew beans with a 1/3 share of the world's needs and the second largest rice exporter in the world after Thailand.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Vietnam has the highest percentage of land use for the benefit of permanent cropping matches, 6.93%, than other countries in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (Greater Mekong Subregion).


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

In addition to rice, the key to exports are coffee, tea, rubber and fishery products.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

However, the role of agriculture to economic income has been reduced, falling based on donations to GDP from 42% in 1989 to 20% in 2006, as a result of increasing production of other sectors of the economy.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Unemployment has increased continuously in recent years due to high levels of migration from villages to cities, while unemployment in the countryside has reached critical levels.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Among other steps taken in the process of transitioning to a market economy, Vietnam, in July 2006 updated its intellectual property regulations to comply with TRIPS.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Vietnam was admitted as a WTO member on November 7, 2006.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Vietnam's main trade partners include Japan, Australia, ASEAN countries, the United States and Western European countries.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Transportation The modern transport network of Vietnam was originally built under the French government for the purposes of harvesting raw materials, and was reconstructed and extensively modernized after the Vietnam War.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Railways are the most popular transportation. Vietnam's road system includes national roads are taken care of by central level; provincial roads are taken care of by provincial level; municipality roads are taken care of by municipality level, city roads are taken care of by city level and community roads are taken care of by community level.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Bicycles, motorcycles and public buses remain the most popular road transport in cities and countryside Vietnam.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Congestion is a serious problem in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city as city streets struggle to cope with the battering number of automobiles.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Also there are more than 17,000 kilometers of navigable watercourses that play an important role in village life, owed to the vast network of rivers in Vietnam.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Vietnam has six ports in Cam ranh, Da nang, Hai phong, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong gai, Qui nhon and Nha trang.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Population Population Census of 1999 estimated the population of Vietnam at about 76.3 million and the 2012 estimate was about 90.3 million inhabitants.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

This population rose dramatically from 1979 when the reunification of Vietnam, whose population was estimated at about 52.7 million inhabitants. [6]


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

And in 2012, its population was estimated to be about 90.3 million inhabitants. [7]


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Tribes of the nation The Vietnamese people form the largest ethnic group, and are also called Viet or Kinh.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Their population is concentrated in delta-delta deposits and lowlands on the shores.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

A homogeneous social group, the Kinh people influence national life through their control in political and economic affairs and their role as purveyors (people who provide) the dominant culture.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

In contrast, most ethnic minorities such as the Muong people, the ethnicity most closely related to the Kinh people, are mostly found in the highlands covering two-thirds of the overall area of the country.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The Hoa (ethnic Chinese) and Khmer Krom people mostly live in the lowlands.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Languages According to official figures, 86.2% of the population speak Vietnamese as a mother tongue.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

In early history, Vietnamese people wrote with Chinese characters.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

In the 13th century, the Vietnamese developed their own character which is Chu Nom. The ever-celebrated epic Doan Truong Tan Thanh (Truyen Kieu or The Tale of Kieu) by Nguyen Du was written in Chu Nom. In the period of the French colony, Quoc Ngu, romanization of the Vietnamese alphabet based on spoken Vietnamese was jointly developed by some Portuguese missionaries, becoming popular and bringing write-reading ability to the wider public.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Several other languages are used in conversation by some minority groups in Vietnam.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The languages are Tay, Muong (Hmong), Khmer, Chinese, Nung, Lolo, Man, Meo, Banahr, Rhade, Sedi, Ede, Thai.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Although in fact the words in Vietnamese have their own single syllables and accents as in Chinese, many of the words have a similarity to Malay.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

For example the sun (mt trời), eye (mắt), hand (tay), river (sông), wood (cây read kay), milk (s), bane (buông, quăng), this (này), the (đó), already (đã), medium (đảng) and others.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

French, a relic of the colonial period, is still used by old Vietnamese people as a second language but has lost its popularity.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The Russian language - even less important ones such as Czech and Polish - is often known among those whose families are tied to the Soviet bloc.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

In recent years, Mandarin, Japanese, and English have become the most popular foreign languages, with English being a compulsory lesson in most schools.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Indonesian was also announced as a second language officially in December 2007.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Most Vietnamese religions, Mahayana Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism have a strong influence on the cultured and religious life of Vietnamese people.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

According to the census of 1999, 80.8% of Vietnamese were religious.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Christianity was introduced French as well as by the American military presence despite not much of its influence.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

There are quite a lot of Roman Catholics and Protestants among Cao Dai and Hoa Hao communities.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The largest Protestant churches are Evangelical Church of Vietnam and Montagnard Evangelical Church.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The elegance of Bashi and Sunni Islam is usually accredited to the Cham ethnic minority, but there are also other followers of Islam in the Southwestern parts of Vietnam.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The Vietnamese government has been criticized for religious violence.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

But, thanks to improvements about religious freedom in recent times, the United States government no longer considers Vietnam a Country of Particular Concern (a country that interferes in certain areas).


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Education Vietnam has an extensive network of public schools and universities.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

General education in Vietnam is given in 5 categories: Kindergarten, Elementary, Junior High, High School and University.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Lessons are mostly taught in Vietnamese.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

State schools in large numbers have been prepared in large and small cities and the countryside in the interest of raising the national literacy rate.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

There are many specialist universities established to develop a broad and skilled national workforce.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Most Vietnamese travel the path of univeristas in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Facing serious problems, Vietnam's education system is in the process of a thorough reform launched by the government.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Culture Over thousands of years, Vietnamese culture is heavily influenced by the neighboring country, RRT.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Due to its long-standing association with the RRT, Vietnamese culture firmly adheres to Confucianism which emphasizes on kinship tasks.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Education is valued very highly.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

In history, passing the royal Mandarin exam is the only way for a Vietnamese to progress socially. In the socialist era, Vietnamese cultural life was heavily influenced by government-controlled media and socialist cultural programs.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

For decades, the influence of foreign culture was avoided and emphasized to the appreciation and sharing of the culture of communist countries such as the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, Cuba, etc.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Since the 1990s, Vietnam has been heavily exposed to Southeast Asian, European and American culture and media.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Women's traditional clothing is called Ao Dai and is worn in special moments such as weddings, Chinese New Year or festivals.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Ao Dai used to be worn by women and men but is now mostly worn by women.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

Vietnamese cuisine uses a little oil and a lot of vegetables.


Question: What is the area of Hanoi?

Vietnamese

The main meal often consists of rice, soy sauce and fish sauce.