Question: What are Augustinian monks?

Augustine of Hippo

Archbishop Chrysostomos in a review of Father Seraphim Rose's book, The Place of Blessed Augustine in the Orthodox Church, wrote that, “Although Augustine's ideas may have been used and distorted in the West to produce more modern theories (such as his predestination Calvinism, sola gratia, or even Deism), the Saint himself is not guilty of various kinds of innovative theology... . “[156]


Question: What are Augustinian monks?

Augustine of Hippo

An article in the Orthodox Tradition (Vol.XIV, No.4, p.33-35) writes, "... various distortions and certain overstatements in his theological teachings by Medieval and Reformation thinkers have been attributed unjustly to the Saint himself. “[156]


Question: What are Augustinian monks?

Augustine of Hippo

Archbishop Mark of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia said that, “We can find similar weak points in the writings of almost all Holy Fathers (Church Fathers) ... . “[156]


Question: What are Augustinian monks?

Augustine of Hippo

See also Colombia Aleksander of Saint Elpidius Augustinian Studies Blaise Pascal Flat Earth Calvinism Domingo Báñez Sin origin Eclesiology Filioque Philosophy of religion Philosophy of history Augustinian Hypothesis Jansenism John Gresham Machen Truth Free will Problem of evil Neo- Calvinism of the Order of Saint Augustine Otium Ethical Thought Augustine Pelagianism Recognition-Recognition of Predestination Semipelagianism Scholasticism Theodition Augustine Theodition Correct War Theory Thomas of Villanova Villanova University Reference Source Note Advanced reading Colombia Transclusion error: { {en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What are Augustinian monks?

Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo

Green, Bradley G., James Clarke and Co. (2012), ISBN 978-0-227-68005-6 Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo

Miles, Margaret R. (2012)., Lutterworth Press, ISBN 978-0-7188-9262-3.


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Augustine of Hippo


Question: What are Augustinian monks?

Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


Question: What are Augustinian monks?

Augustine of Hippo

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. (in French) (in French) Règle de St. Augustin pour les religieuses de son ordre; et Constitutions de la Congrégation des Religieuses du Verbe-Incarné et du Saint-Sacrament (Lyon: Chez Pierre Guillimin, 1662), pp.28—29.


Question: What are Augustinian monks?

Augustine of Hippo

Cf. later edition published at Lyon (Chez Briday, Libraire,1962), pp.22—24.


Question: What are Augustinian monks?

Augustine of Hippo

English edition, (New York: Schwartz, Kirwin, and Fauss, 1893), pp.33—35.


Question: What are Augustinian monks?

Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


Question: What are Augustinian monks?

Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


Question: What are Augustinian monks?

Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Augustine of Hippo


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Augustine of Hippo

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Question: What are Augustinian monks?

Augustine of Hippo

Public links from Augustinus.it from Abbey Saint Benoît de Port-Valais from Mercaba, Catholic leaders' website from CCEL.org, Butler's Lives of the Saints edited by James J. O'Donnell — texts, translations, introductions, commentaries, etc. website from the Caxton translation of the Golden Legend, Fr. Edmund Hill, OP.


Question: What are Augustinian monks?

Augustine of Hippo

Talk given to the Robert Hugh Benson Graduate Society at Fisher House, Cambridge, on 22 November 1994.


Question: What are Augustinian monks?

Augustine of Hippo

Giovanni Domenico Giulio: Nachtgedanken des heiligen Augustine.


Question: What are Augustinian monks?

Augustine of Hippo

Trier 1843 Bibliography at EarlyChurch.org.uk — extensive bibliography and on-line articles Started by T.J. van Bavel O.S.A., continued at the Augustinian historical Institute in Louvain, Belgium The works of Augustine at Project Gutenberg at Project Gutenberg at Internet Archive at LibriVox public domain audiobooks) at the Christian Classics Ethereum Library in English. at “IntraText Digital Library” — texts in several languages, with concordance and frequency list — Latin, Spanish and Italian texts at Documenta Catholica Omnia — Latin audio books created in France between 1275 and 1325 with extract of Augustine of Hippo works at — digitized codex created between 1150—1175, also known as “Enarrationes in Psalmos. 1-83", at — digitized codex created in 1481; his sermons about John's Gospel at — digitized codex created in 1539; at Biography and criticism by Donald Burt, OSA, member of the Augustinian Order, Villanova University by Robert Kilwardby, digitized manuscript of 1464 at Category:100 Figures by Michael H. Hart Category:Amylenialism Category:Anti-Gnosticism Category:Apological Christian Category:Aurelii Category:Fathers Church Category:Doctor Church Category:Christian Existentialists Category:African Philosophers Category:Era-Roman Philosophers Category:Christian Philosophers Category:Christianity Category:Christian Mystics Category:Neoplatonists Category:Augustine Order Category:4th Century Writers Category:Christian Writers Category:4th Century Romans Category:Saints Category:Existentialist Theologians Category:4th Century Christian Theologians Category:Algerian Figures Category:Figures from Souk Ahras Category:Christian Figures Category:Catholic Figures


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scotland (English: Scotland /ˈskt.lənd/; Scottish Gaelic: Alba [ˈalapə] (listen)) is a constituent country of the official country of the United Kingdom. [8] [9] [10] Covering the northern third of the Island of Great Britain, Scotland borders the United Kingdom to the south, the North Sea to the east, Ocean Atlantic to the north and west, as well as the North Strait and Irish Sea to the southwest.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In addition to the main mainland, Scotland also comprises 790 more islands, [11] including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres. [12]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Edinburgh was once the centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the industrial, mercantile, and intellectual powers in Europe.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, [13] was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and is currently located in the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scottish waters comprise a large number of sectors [14] of the North Atlantic and North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the EU.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Because of this, Aberdeen, Scotland's third largest city, is nicknamed the oil capital of Europe. [15]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Kingdom of Scotland became an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and was still standing until 1707.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

After James VI, King of Scotland inherited the thrones of England and Ireland in 1603, Scotland was politically united with the Kingdom of England on 1 May 1707, which later formed the Kingdom of Great Britain. [16] [17] This unification was authorised through an Act of Unification agreed by The two countries' parliaments in 1707, followed by the opposition of the Scottish people and the outbreak of anti-unification riots in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and elsewhere. [18] [19] The Kingdom of Great Britain then also united politically with the Kingdom of Ireland on 1 January 1806 and formed the Kingdom of Great Britain United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Although incorporated in a single sovereign state, the Scottish legal system is separate from the legal system used in England and Wales as well as Northern Ireland; Scotland has different public law and private law jurisdictions to other constituent countries of the United Kingdom. [20]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The separation of Scotland's legal, educational and religious institutions from the rest of Britain's constituents contributed to Scotland's cultural continuity and national identity since the Unification of 1707. [21]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Following the 1997 referendum, a devolutive legislative body was formed named the Scottish Parliament in 1999.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

This Parliament has broad authority to deal with Scottish domestic affairs which is not the authority of the United Kingdom.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In May 2011, the Scottish National Party won absolutely in parliament and plans to carry out the independence referendum [22] on 18 September 2014. [23]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The results of this referendum show that the majority of the people of Scotland reject independence from the United Kingdom. [22] [23] [24] Scotland is a member state of the Britain—Ireland Council, [25] the Britain—Ireland Parliamentary Assembly, and also takes part in the Common Travel Area agreement. [26]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scotland is also represented in the European Union and has six members of the European Parliament. [27]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Etymology The word “Scotland” comes from Scoti, Latin for Gaelic (Gaelic).


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Late Latin word Scotia (land of the Gaelic peoples) was originally used to refer to Ireland. [28]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In the 11th century, Scotia began to be used to name the Gaelic-speaking inhabitants who dwelt to the north of the River Forth, along with Albanian or Albany, both derived from the Gaelic language, Alba. [29]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The use of the word Scots and Scotland to refer to the entirety of the region that today becomes Scotland began in the Late Middle Ages. [16]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Early Historical History The modern region that today becomes Scotland has undergone repeated glaciation, exuding entire traces of life that may have existed before the Mesolithic period.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The first group of hunter-gatherer humans and food gatherers are believed to have arrived in Scotland roughly 12,800 years ago, after the deterioration of the ice sheet in the late glaciation period. [30] [31] Groups of settlers first began establishing permanent homes on the Scottish mainland around 9,500 years ago, and then started forming villages 3,500 years later.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Villages whose condition is quite well maintained one of them is in Skara Brae, Orkney, which dates from this period.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Neolithic dwellings, treats, and ritual sites with well-preserved conditions are also present in the North Island and West Island, although the lack of trees causes most structures to turn into rock. [32]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Ancient tombs and 4000 year old treasures found at Forteviot, near Perth, the capital of the Kingdom of Pict in the 8th and 9th centuries, are an unparalleled prehistoric find in Great Britain.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The tomb contains the remains of Scottish rulers of the early Bronze Age period hoarded with white quartz stones and pebbles.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The discovery also proves that for the first time, humans laid flowers on their tombs in the early Bronze Age. [33] [34] Scotland is thought to have participated in trade activity in the late Bronze Age, known as the Atlantic Bronze Age.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

This trade also involved other Keltic peoples, as well as taking place in the territories that today make up England, France, Spain, and Portugal. [35] [36] [37] [38] In the winter of 1850, a violent storm that hit Scotland caused severe damage and the fall of more than 200 casualties soul. [39]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In Skaill Bay, the storm avalanched the land of the Skerrabra hills.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

When local villagers cleared the remnants of the storm, they found rural debris consisting of a number of small roofless houses. [39] [40] William Watt, the local village leader, immediately began excavations at Skaill Bay, but these excavations were halted in 1868. [40]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The site remained untouched and was briefly looted in 1913. [39]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In 1924, a storm once again swept through the site and after that it was decided that the prehistoric site should be protected and researched. [39]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

This work was mandated to Professor of the University of Edinburgh, Vere Gordon Childe, who first visited the site site in mid-1927. [39]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Roman influence The protohistoric period of Scotland began with the arrival of Roman Empire troops to central and southern Britania Island.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Romans occupied the territory that today became England and Wales and made it the Province of Britannia.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

At this time, the Romans also occupied southern Scotland.jmpl|left|Edinburgh Castle.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Human settlements at this place are thought to have begun to be built in the 9th century BC, although the form of the settlement is still unknown.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

According to the Roman historian Tacitus, in the time of Roman Britania, the Caledonian army “held armed resistance on a large scale” to attack Roman fortresses and fought with the legionaries.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In a surprise attack during the night, the Caledonian army barely swept away the entire legion until it was rescued by Agricola's cavalry. [41]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In 83—84 AD, General Gnaeus Julius Agricola defeated the Caledonian army in the Battle of Mons Graupius.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Tacitus writes that before the battle, the Caledonian leader, Calgacus, made a speech to his troops.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

He called his army the “last free” people, and accused the Romans of having “made the world into a wilderness and called it peace”. [41]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

After the Roman victory, Roman fortresses were established along the Gask Ridge.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Three years later, the Roman army retreated to the Southern Uplands. [42]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Romans built Hadrian's Wall to control the indigenous tribes that dwelt on each side of the wall, [43] and Limes Britannicus was designated as the northern border of the Roman Empire's dominions.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Romans also built the Antonine Wall in the Central Lowlands, but this wall was not long lived and only survived from 208-210 during the reign of Emperor Septimius Severus. [44]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Roman military occupation became an important part in Scottish history.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Although it only lasted for 40 years and only managed to occupy southern Scotland inhabited by Britonic tribes such as the Votadini and Damnonii, Roman influence was still considerable well into the 1st and 5th centuries.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The term Hen Ogledd (“Old North”) in the language of Wales is used by pundits to refer to the territories that today make up Northern England and Southern Scotland when inhabited by Britonic peoples in 500-800 AD. [43] According to writings dating back to the 8th and 9th centuries, the Gaelic Kingdom The name Dál Riata was founded in the 6th century in western Scotland. [45] [46] The 'traditional' theory states that the kingdom was founded by Irish entrants, who took part in bringing Gaelic language and culture with them.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

However, recently archaeologists have opposed this theory, stating that there is no archaeological evidence or place-naming proving that the region was overrun by a small group of inhabitants. [47]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Middle Period JMPL|Ka|straight|Pictish stone replica of the Pictish Kingdom located in Fortriu in the 16th century was a kingdom that would later become the forerunner of “Alba” or “Scotland”.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

According to historian Peter Heather, the flourishing of “Pictland” was a natural form of response to Roman imperialism. [48]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Other opinions state that the development of this kingdom was triggered by the success of the Battle of Dun Nechtain during the reign of Bridei m.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Buy (671—693), and then continued by the reign of Óengus mac Fergusa (732—761). [49]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Kingdom of Pict began to take shape in the early 8th century.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Beda writes that this kingdom reached its heyday during the reign of Aleksander I. However, by the 10th century, the Pictish kingdom began to be dominated by a culture later known as Gaelic culture, and it was traditionally believed that Ireland had conquered the ancestors of the dynasty's successors Pict, Cináed mac Ailpín (Kenneth MacAlpin). [50] [51] [52] Starting from a base in the eastern region of Scotland, precisely to the north of the River Forth and to the south of the River Oykel, Pict's kingdom slowly also began to expand its territory to central and southern Britania Island.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In the 12th century, the kingdom of Pict managed to take control of the English territories to the southeast, as well as the Gaelic regions of Galloway and the Norse in Caithness; by the 13th century, the kingdom had taken control of the territories that today make up Scotland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In this time there was also a process of cultural and economic change beginning in the 12th century.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

This change took place during the reign of David I through the Davidian Revolution.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Feudalism, government reorganization, and legal recognition of cities (called burghs) began in this period.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

These changes, as well as the rampant immigration coming from England and France, led to a change in Scottish culture.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The inhabitants dwelling in lowland and coastal Scotland began to use English, while the rest retained Gaelic, including the North Island and Shetland, which remained ruled by the Norse until 1468. [53] [54] [55] Scotland experienced a period of glory and success between the 12th and 14th centuries, with relatively peaceful relations with England, the flourishing of education and trade with continental Europe, and the birth of a number of renowned philosophers such as John Duns Scotus.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Alexander III's death in March 1286, overtaken by his granddaughter Margaret, gave rise to a lineage of Scottish monarchy that had endured for centuries while simultaneously tearing down 200 years of golden age that began since the reign of David I. Edward I of England was required to decides the rightful heir to the throne, and he stages a process known as the Great Cause to determine who is the most legitimate heir to the Scottish throne.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

John Balliol was declared king of Scotland in the hall of Berwick Castle on 17 November 1292 and crowned on 30 November at Scone.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Meanwhile, Edward I, who crowned himself Lord Paramount, continued to cart away at John's reign. [56]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In 1294, Balliol and other Scottish nobles refused Edward's demands requesting that a Scottish army fight for England in resisting the French.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Scottish Parliament instead sent an envoy to France to conduct negotiations.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scotland and France finally signed a cooperation agreement on 23 October 1295, known as the Auld Alliance (1295-1560).


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

War broke out and King John was deposed by Edward I, who promptly seized control of Scotland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Andrew Moray and William Wallace then led the resistance against the English in the events known as the War of Scottish Independence (1296—1328). [57]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The struggle of the Scottish people changed after Rober Bruce, Earl Carrick, killed his rival, John Comyn, on 10 February 1306 at Greyfriars Kirk, Dumfries. [58]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

He was crowned the new king under the power-wielding name Robert I less than seven weeks later.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Robert I fought to restore Scottish independence for more than 20 years, reclaiming Scottish lands from English colonists part-by-plot.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

His victory in the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 proved that Scotland had succeeded in recapturing his kingdom.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In 1315, Edward Bruce, brother of Robert I, was briefly appointed High King of Ireland after the Scots invaded Ireland in his efforts to strengthen positions in warfare against England, but this invasion failed.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In 1320, Scottish independence was legalised through the Declaration of Arbroath.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

This declaration was the world's first declaration of independence, which at the time was endorsed by Pope Yohannes XXII and led to England legally recognising Scottish sovereignty.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Warfare with Britain continued to fray for decades after Bruce's death.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The civil war between the Bruce and Comyn-Balliol dynasties lasted until the mid-14th century.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Although the Bruce dynasty won the battle, David II had no successors.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Therefore, his step-nephew, Robert II, was appointed successor to the throne and established the Stewart Dynasty. [54] [59] Stewart ruled Scotland for the rest of the Middle Ages.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

During his reign, Scotland experienced rapid prosperity in the late 14th century with the onset of the Scottish Enlightenment and the Scottish Reformation. [59] [60] In this period, relations between France and Scotland reached their peak.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Scots Guard — la Garde Écossaise — was formed by Charles VII in 1418.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scottish soldiers of the Garde Écossaise fought alongside Joan of Arc against the English in the Hundred Years' War. [61]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In March 1421, French-Scottish forces under the lead of John Stewart and Gilbert de Lafayette defeated an English army in the Battle of Baugé.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Three years later, in the Battle of Verneuil, the French and Scots lost about 7,000 warriors. [62]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scotland's participation in the war scene contributed to France's victory against England.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Early modern era In 1502, James IV of Scotland signed a Treaty of Eternal Peace with Henry VII of England.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

He also married Henry's daughter, Margaret Tudor.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

For Henry, this marriage became a kind of Unification of the Crown that gave Tudor new powers. [63]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

A decade later, James, with French help, decided to invade England.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

He was the last Scottish king to fall in battle, namely in the Battle of Flodden. [64]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The communion between Scotland with France ended with the opening of the Edinburgh Tractate in 1560.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

France agreed to withdraw all its troops from the plains of Britain.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In the same year, John Knox determined to turn Scotland into a Protestant state and the Scottish Parliament began to revoke papal authority over Scotland. [65]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Mary, the Catholic Queen of Scots and former queen of France, was forced to abdicate in 1567. [66]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In 1603, James VI, King of Scotland inherited the thrones of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Ireland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

He moved his court from Edinburgh to London and ruled under the name James I of England and Ireland. [67]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

With exceptions during the time of the Protectorate, Scotland remained a separate and independent kingdom from the Kingdom of England, although there were conflicts between the kingdoms and the Covenanters in connection with the establishment of church government.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Great Revolution that erupted in 1688—1689 led to the overthrow of James II of England (or James VII of Scotland) by the English Parliament in favour of William and Mary.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In the late 1690s, Scotland was beset by famine calamities, which reduced the country's population by almost 20 percent. [68]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In 1698, Scotland undertook an ambitious project to take control of a trading colony on the Isthmus of Panama.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Almost all Scottish folk who have money are rumoured to have invested in the project, known as the Darien Scheme.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

This colonization failed, and the owners of the capital went into bankruptcy.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Ultimately, this failure of colonisation was instrumental in the unification of Scotland with England at a later date. [69] [70] On 22 July 1706, the Tract of Uniting was agreed by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland, and a year later, the Uniting Act was passed by both parliament to create the Kingdom of Great Britain, which came into effect on 1 May 1707. [17]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The 18th century The passing of trade duties with England made Scottish trading activity even more flourishing, especially with the American colonies.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The ship belonging to Glasgow Tobacco Lords became the fastest ship on the cruise route towards Virginia.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Until the American War of Independence in 1776, Glasgow was the world's major tobacco port and dominated world trade. [71]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The wealth gap between the merchant class from the Scottish Lowlands (Lowland) and the ancient clans from the Scottish Highlands (Highland) gave rise to differences over the centuries.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Stuart Jacobite who had been deposed remained popular in the northeastern highland region, especially among non-Presbyterian, including Roman Catholics and Episcopalian Protestants.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

However, the two Jacobite Resurrections that took place in 1715 and 1745 failed to remove the Wangsa of Hanover from the throne of Britain.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The threat from the Jacobite against Great Britain and its kingdom ended in the Battle of Culloden, the last battle of the throne that Great Britain faced.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

This defeat led to the occurrence of a massive expulsion of the indigenous population from the Highland and Islands, known for the events of the Highland Cleansing.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Scottish Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution made Scotland one of intellectual, trade, and industrial forces [72] —as Voltaire put it, “We emulate Scotland for our whole ideas of civilization”. [73]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

With the collapse of the Jacobite and the rise of the Union, thousands of Scots, especially the lowland inhabitants, filled various posts in politics, civil servants, the land and navy, the economy, on colonial enterprises, and other fields throughout the Imperium Britain.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Historian Neil Davidson states “after 1746 there were new tiers with respect to the participation of Scots in political life, especially outside Scotland.”


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Davidson also stated “far from being 'peripheral' of Britain's economy, Scotland—or the Lowlands more appropriately—rests on Britain's core. “[74]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The 19th century Scottish Reform Act 1832 increased the number of Members of the Scottish Parliament and expanded the right to include more middle-class circles in government. [75]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

From the mid-19th century there was an increase in the number of Home Rule (local regulations) passed for Scotland, and the post of Secretary of State for Scotland was reconstituted. [76]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

By the end of the 19th century, there were several Prime Ministers who bleed Scotland, namely William E. Gladstone, [77] and Earl Rosebery. [78]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In the late 19th century, the growth of the labouring class intensified, typified by Keir Hardie's victory in the 1888 Mid Lanarkshire general election.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

This victory led to the founding of the Scottish Labour Party, which merged with the Independent Labour Party in 1895, with Hardie as its first leader. [79]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Glasgow became one of the largest cities in the world, and was nicknamed the “Second City Imperium” after London. [80]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Clydeside steamyard was built in 1860, specifically producing iron steamships (after 1870 made of steel), which quickly replaced the use of wooden sailing ships of the merchants and navies of the world.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The yard became the world's leading shipbuilding center. [81]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Industrial development, which spawned wealth and jobs, was not accompanied by housing development, urban planning, and providing adequate health care for the community.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Living conditions in large cities are poor, with high overcrowding and infant mortality and rising tuberculosis rates. [82]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Although the Scottish Enlightenment was considered to have ended towards the 18th century, [83] Scottish donations to British literature and science remained for the next 50 years thanks to figures such as physicists James Clerk Maxwell and Lord Kelvin, and inventors and industry experts such as physicists James Clerk Maxwell and Lord Kelvin, and inventors and industry experts such as the physicists James Watt and William Murdoch, whose works were instrumental in the development of the Industrial Revolution throughout the United Kingdom. [84]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In literature, the most successful figure of the mid-19th century was Walter Scott.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

His inaugural prose work, Waverley in 1814, is often referred to as the first historical novel. [85]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

He made a very successful career and helped define and modify Scotland's cultural identity in the 19th century. [86]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In the late 19th century, a number of Scottish-born writers achieved international fame, including Robert Louis Stevenson, Arthur Conan Doyle, J. M. Barrie, and George MacDonald. [87]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scotland also played an important role in the development of art and architecture.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Glasgow School, developed in the late 19th century and triumphed in the early 20th century, has spawned distinctive fusion arts, including the Keltic Revival Arts and Crafts Movement, and Japonism, which is glorified in the world of European modern art and also helped define the Art style Nouveau.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Meanwhile, famous Scottish architects and artists from this period include Charles Rennie Mackintosh. [88]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In this period there was a process of rehabilitation of Highland culture.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In the 1820s, along with the rise of Romanticism, tartan and kilts were worn by the social elite, not only in Scotland but also throughout Europe, [89] [90] which was boosted by the popularity of Ossian poetry by Macpherson, [91] [92] and followed by the novel Waverley by Walter Scott. [93]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Despite this, the people of Highland are still intransigent and very backward. [94]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The British government's determination to expand farmland led to the expulsion of residents dwelling in Highland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Many Highland residents were evicted or forced to relocate because their land was taken to be utilised as sheep farming.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The expulsion of Highland residents was triggered by changing agricultural patterns across mainland Britain, as well as a lack of legal protection for them. [95]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

As a result of this, there was a prolonged exodus of Highland residents to major cities, especially to England, even further to Canada, the United States, or Australia. [96]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scotland's population increased rapidly in the 19th century, from 1,608,000 in 1801 to 2,889,000 in 1851, and swelled to 4,472,000 in 1901. [97]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

On the other hand, industrial growth is not enough to generate decent jobs.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

As a result, during the period 1841—1931, about 2 million Scots migrated to North America and Australia, and another 750,000 moved to England. [98]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

After years of fighting for the Kirk (Scottish church), in 1834 the Evangelicals managed to grab control of the church from the General Assembly and passed the Veto Act, which permitted the congregation to reject “interference” information unwanted by the patron.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The “Ten Year Conflict” that took place afterward in connection with political and legal disputes ended with the defeat of nonintrusionists in the civil courts.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

As a result, nonintrusionists led by Dr. Thomas Chalmers broke away from the church; these events became known as the Great Chaos of 1843.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

One third of religionists, mostly from the North and Highland, founded the Free Church of Scotland. [99]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In the late 19th century, disputes between fundamentalist Calvinist followers and theological liberals led to a split in the body of the Free Church after the Calvinists took place and established the Free Presbyterian Church in 1893. [100]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Catholic emancipation in 1829 and the influx of large numbers of Irish immigrants after being hit by famine calamities in the late 1840s, especially to Lowland centres such as Glasgow, resulted in the changing fortunes of Catholic adherents.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In 1878, although opposed, the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church was returned to the state, and Catholicism slowly became a significant denomination in Scotland. [100]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Industrialization, urbanization, and the Chaos of 1843 led to the hampering of the development of parochial schools.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Since 1830, the state began to fund the construction of schools; then in 1846 school headings were funded directly by sponsors; and in 1872 Scotland emulated the English education system which funded most schools run by school boards. [101]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The historic University of Glasgow became one of the pioneers of the higher education system in Britain by providing educational needs for young men from urban and commercial circles, not just for the upper class. [102]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

St Andrews University became the first Scottish university to accept daughter pupils.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scottish universities accepting and admitting women graduates continued to increase well into the early 20th century. [103]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Early 20th century Scotland played an important role for Britain's struggles in World War I, particularly in providing soldiers, ships, machinery, food, and money. [104]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

With a population of 4.8 million in 1911, Scotland sent half a million more soldiers to the battlefield, a quarter of whom were either killed in battle or due to disease, and the remaining 150,000 were seriously wounded. [105]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig acted as Britain's commander on the Western Front.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The war led to the rise of a radical movement named “Red Clydeside” led by trade union militants.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The industrial estate and headquarters controlled by the Liberal Party transitioned into Labour-owned in 1922, centred on the Catholic working-class districts of Ireland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Women are also actively involved in building solidarity in housing issues.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

However, the blossoming group of “Reds” within the body of the Labour Party and a modicum of influence in Parliament led to slumping Labour influence by the end of 1920. [106]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The redevelopment of the shipping industry fell short of expectations.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Instead, a severe depression hit the Scottish economy in 1922 and did not fully recover until 1939.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The interwar period was characterized by economic stagnation in rural and urban areas, as well as high unemployment. [107]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

War does have profound repercussions in social, economic, cultural, and political spheres.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

However, Scottish notables began to reflect on their slump, particularly over the problems of ill health, unfit housing, and long-term mass unemployment.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Employment abroad to serve the British Imperium no longer appealed to ambitious young circles, who instead went to leave Scotland permanently.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Its enormous dependence on heavy industry and mining is a major problem of stagnation in the Scottish economy, and neither side has offered the best solution.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

This situation, according to Finlay (1991) reflected “the widespread sense of despair that led business people and political leaders to accept the new orthodoxy of centralized government economic planning in the time of World War II. “[108]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

At the time of World War II, Scotland again experienced little prosperity, although Scottish cities were ramped up as a result of bombing waged by the Luftwaffe.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In this time, the rise of Scotland was marked by the invention of radar by Robert Watson-Watt, which was of great benefit in the Battle of Britain, as well as the role of RAF Fighter Command Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding. [109]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Since 1945 after 1945, Scotland's economy has been worse due to tight overseas competition, inefficient industry, and industrial disparities. [110]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

It is only in recent decades that the country has only been able to enjoy a cultural and economic renaissance.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Economic factors contributing to this revival include the growing financial services industry, electronics manufacturing (see Silicon Glen), [111] and the North Sea gas and oil industry. [112]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The introduction of the Community Tax (or Levy Tax) by Margaret Thatcher's 1989 administration a year earlier than any other country in the United Kingdom led to the development of movements supporting Scotland directly entitled to control its own domestic affairs. [113]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Following the devolution plan referendum in 1997, the Scotland Act 1998 [114] was passed by the Parliament of the Exchequer, which then established a devoluted Scottish Government and Parliament authorising most legislation specifically reserved for Scotland. [115]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Reigning and politics The head of state of Scotland is the king/queen of the Exchequer, currently Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952).


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The power-wielding name “Elizabeth II” sparked controversy at the time of her coronation because Scotland had never previously been ruled by Elizabeth I. Elizabeth I ruled England and Ireland when Scotland was still an independent country.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The case made it to court, known as the case of MacCormick v.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Lord Advocate (1953 SC 396), who sued the Queen for using the name Elizabeth II and held that this was a breach of Article 1 of the Tract of Uniting.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The kingdom won the case.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The court ruled that the next lord of the monarchy of Great Britain had the right to use a numbering corresponding to the predecessor of the English or Scottish monarchy, meaning the numbering would be higher. [116]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

For example, a future king named James would use the regnal name James VIII, since the last James to rule Scotland was James VII (or James II in England), as well as the next king Henry, who would bear Henry IX's regnal name throughout Britain and Commonwealth, although no Scottish king was named Henry.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scotland has limited self-government within the United Kingdom, as well as representation in the Parliament of Great Britain.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Executive and legislative powers are devolved (devolution) to the Scottish Government and the Scottish Parliament domiciled at Holyrood, Edinburgh.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Nevertheless, the Parliament of the Exchequer still has power over certain affairs which are not intended to be the authority of the Government and the Parliament of Scotland, in accordance with the Scotland Act 1998, for example such as Britain's tax vote, social security, defence, relations overseas, and broadcasting. [117]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Scottish Parliament has legislative authority over all issues associated with Scotland, including limited authority to levy income tax.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In 2008, in an interview on the BBC Scotland television station, prime minister Gordon Brown stated that the Scottish Parliament would be given more authority to levy taxes. [118]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Scottish Parliament may give legislative consent to the affairs lavished upon it and submit it back to Westminster through the ratification of a Legislative Consent Motion if the legislation of the Exchequer is deemed more appropriate to deal with such affairs.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Because the Scottish Parliament has the right to pass legislation, the provision of public services in Scotland is different from England which has no devolutive rights.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

For example, Scotland liberates the cost of higher education and health care for the old age population, whereas the UK does not.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scotland was the first United Kingdom country to implement smoking ban regulations in enclosed public places. [119]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Scottish Parliament is a unicameral legislative body of 129 MPs (MP), 73 of whom represent their respective constituencies and are elected via the majority vote electoral system, while the remaining 56 represent eight different electoral districts elected by the system additional members.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Members of the Scottish parliament held office for four years (except in the period 2011—2016).


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Queen of the Exchequer appoints one of the Scottish MPs nominated by Parliament to be First Minister.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Whereas other ministers are appointed by the First Minister to assist in the implementation of his policies.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Together, they form the Scottish Government, which acts as an executive body. [120] JMPL|Ka|Bute House, the official residence of the First Minister of Scotland, is located at 6 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh In the 2011 general election, the Scottish National Party (SNP) formed a majority government after winning 69 of the 129 seats in Parliament.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

It was the first majority government since the modern Scottish Parliament was formed in 1999.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The SNP leader, Alex Salmond, was appointed as First Minister.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Scottish Labour Party is the main opposition party, along with the Conservative Party, Liberal Democrats, and Green Party, which also have representation in parliament.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Margo MacDonald is the only independent MP to sit in the Scottish Parliament.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The next Scottish Parliament general election will be held on 5 May 2016.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The draft Scotland Act, submitted by the Calman Commission to the Council of the People of Great Britain, proposes the impending of greater powers to Scotland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Although the bill must still be passed as legislation, the Scottish National Party believes that it will not grant considerable powers to the Scottish Parliament. [121]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Within the People's Council of the United Kingdom (House of Commons), Scotland is represented by 59 MP's elected from Scottish constituency areas.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Scotland Office plays as the representative of the government of the Exchequer in Scotland and also represents Scotland's interests in the government of the Exchequer. [122]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Scotland Office is headed by a Secretary of State for Scotland who sits in the Cabinet of the Exchequer; the current Secretary of State is Michael Moore.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The administrative division of JMPL|Ka|Glasgow City Chambers, seen from George Square Historic administrative units of Scotland include the mormaerdom, stewartry, earldom, burgh, parish, county, as well as region and district.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Some of these names are still used as geographical designators.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Modern Scotland is subdivided into various administrative units for a variety of purposes.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Within local government, there are 32 council areas since 1996, [123] with councils having uniter authority to provide all local government services.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

A community council is an unofficial organisation representing a particular council area.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Within the Scottish Parliament, there are 73 constituencies and eight regions.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

As for the Parliament of the United Kingdom there are 59 constituencies.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Until 2013, Scotland's fire and police forces were adapted to the region system introduced in 1975.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

For health care issues, postcode numbering, as well as the division of governmental and nongovernmental organizations such as churches, Scotland uses the old division for administrative purposes.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The status of cities in the United Kingdom is established by letters patent. [124]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

There are seven places in Scotland that have become city status, namely Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Inverness, Stirling, and Perth. [125]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Administrative division of Scotland Inverclyde Renfrewshire West Dunbartonshire East Dunbartonshire Glasgow East Renfrewshire North Lanarkshire Falkirk West Lothian Edinburgh Midlothian East Lothian Clackmannanshire Fife Dundee Angus Aberdeenshire Aberdeen Moray Highland Na h-Eileanan Siar Argyll and Bute Perth and Kinross Stirling North Ayrshire East Ayrshire South Ayrshire Dumfries and Galloway South Lanarkshire Scottish Borders Orkney Shetland Scotland in Great Britain Throughout its history, devolution policies have been advocated by the three main parties in the United Kingdom with various enthusiasm.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The last Labour Party leader, John Smith, argued that the establishment of a Scottish Parliament was “the will of the Scottish people”. [126]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scotland's constitutional status has continued to be a source of debate over the years.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In 2007, the Scottish Government formed a “National Conversation” to talk about constitutional issues, which proposed a number of options such as increased authority of the Scottish Parliament, federalism, or the conduct of a referendum on Scottish independence from Great Britain.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Rejecting the latter option, the three main opposition parties in the Scottish Parliament proposed the establishment of a Scottish Constitutional Commission to investigate the shedding of powers from Britain to Scotland. [127]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In August 2009, the Scottish National Party proposed a bill to carry out an independence referendum in November 2010.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

But due to being opposed by the other main parties, this bill was invalidated. [128] [129] Plans to carry out the referendum were postponed by the Scottish National Party (SNP) until the 2011 Parliamentary general election. [130]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Parliamentary election held in May 2011 was won in a majority by the SNP, who planned to carry out a referendum on Scottish independence on 18 September 2014 after consultation with the Scottish Government on 25 January 2012. [131]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Law and criminal justice Scots law based on Roman law, [132] combining elements of the Corpus Juris Civilis civil law and medieval common law.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In the 1707 Tract of Uniting, it was agreed that Scotland was nevertheless allowed to maintain a legal system separate from the legal systems of England and Wales. [133]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Prior to 1611, there were several regional legal systems in Scotland, notably Udal law in Orkney and Shetland, based on Norse law.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Other Scottish legal systems such as Keltic law or general Brehon law remained in use in Highland until the 1800s. [134] Scots law had three types of judiciary responsible for conducting courts, namely civil, criminal, and heraldic justice.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The highest civil court is the Court of Session, but appeals can also be taken to the Supreme Court of the Exchequer (or to the Council of Pertuaries before 1 October 2009).


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Whereas the functions of the highest criminal court in Scotland are held by the Yustisi High Court.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Court of Session is housed in Parliament House, Edinburgh, while the Yustisi High Court is located in the Lawnmarket.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The sheriff courts are the main criminal and civil courts that handle the majority of cases.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

There are 49 sheriff courts across Scotland. [135]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

District courts were introduced in 1975 to handle cases of misdemeanor and minor violations of law.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

These courts were gradually replaced by local court judges from 2008-2010.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Heraldic cases are handled by the Court of the Lord Lyon.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

For decades, Scotland's legal system was classified as unique as it was the only legal system without a parliament in the world.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

This ended with the establishment of the Scottish Parliament in 1999, which serves as the legislative body in Scotland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Most elements of the old legal system remain preserved.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In criminal law, the Scottish legal system is unique in that it has three verdicts, namely “guilty”, “not guilty”, and “not proven”. [136]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Verdicts of “not guilty” and “not proven” will result in free verdicts, usually there is no possibility of organising a retrial, according to the double risk rule.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Nonetheless, a retrial could have been convened if new evidence was found at a later date, or if the acquitted party admitted his guilt, or if the free verdict was known to hinder the enforcement of justice—see provisions of the Scottish Dual Risk Act 2011.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Most Scots law is different from the laws of other British countries, and many also term different legal concepts.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

For example, cases of unpremeditated murder in England and Wales are generally comparable to culpable homicide in Scotland, and intentional arson is referred to as “deliberate rearing of fire” in Scotland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In addition, some things that are considered crimes in England and Wales do not apply in Scotland, such as forgery.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scottish judicial procedures were also different; Scottish judges dealing with criminal cases numbered fifteen people, instead of twelve as was commonly used in Anglosfir countries.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scotland's civil law system has been criticised by Senior Justices, who consider it too “Victorian” and antiquated. [137]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Scottish Prison Service is responsible for managing prisons in Scotland, which as a whole are populated by 8,500 more prisoners. [138]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Cabinet Secretary for Justice is responsible for the Scottish Prison Service in Scotland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Geography and natural history The main mainland of Scotland covers a third of the mainland of the Island of Great Britain, which lies to the northwest off the coast of the European Continent.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The total area of Scotland is 78,772km2 (30,414sqmi) Error in convert: Ignored invalid option “0" (help), [139] or about three quarters of the size of Java Island.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

England is Scotland's only land border, with a border length of 96 kilometres (60mi) Error in convert: Ignored invalid option “0" (help) stretching from the River Tweed basin on the east coast down to the Solway Firth on the west coast.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

To the west, Scotland borders the Atlantic Ocean, and the North Sea to the east.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The island of Ireland is 30 kilometres (19mi) Error in convert: Ignored invalid option “0" (help) from the southwest of the Kintyre peninsula, [140] while Norway is 305 kilometres (190mi) Error in convert: Ignored invalid option “0" (help) to the east, and the Faroe Islands 270 kilometres (168mi) Error in convert: Ignored invalid option “0" (help) on the north.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The area of Scotland was established through the 1237 York Tract between Scotland and the Kingdom of England, [141] as well as through the 1266 Perth Tract between Scotland and Norway. [17]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scottish territory came off or increased later in life, for example the Isle of Man, which fell into English hands in the 14th century and is today a Dependency of the Kingdom of Great Britain; the islands of Orkney and Shetland were acquired from Norway in 1472; [139] and Berwick-upon-Tweed fell into English hands in 1482.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The geographical centre of Scotland is located a few miles from the village of Newtonmore in Badenoch. [142]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

With a height of 1,344 metres (4,409ft) Error in convert: Ignored invalid option “0" (help) above sea level, Ben Nevis becomes the highest point in Scotland, while the longest river is the River Tay, which flows for 190 kilometres (118mi) Error in convert: Ignored invalid option “0" [143] [144] Geology and geomorphology The whole area of Scotland was covered by ice sheets in the Pleistocene ice age, and the Scottish landscape was much influenced by glaciation.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

From a geological point of view, Scotland is classed into three parts.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Highlands and Islands lie to the north and west of the Plateau Boundary Fault, which extends from Arran through to Stonehaven.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

This mainland of Scotland is largely composed of ancient Cambrian and Precambrian rocks, uplifted during the time of the Caledonian Orogeny.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

There are also igneous rocks formed from volcanic eruptions such as the Cairngorms and Skye Cuillins.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

An exception exists in Old Red Sandstone fossil stones found along the coast of the Moray Firth.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Highlands generally consist of mountains, and the highest point in the British Islands is located on this plain.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scotland has more than 790 islands divided into four main archipelagos, namely Shetland, Orkney, Inner Hebrides, and Outer Hebrides.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

There are also a number of freshwater lakes such as Loch Lomond and Loch Ness.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

A portion of the coastline consists of machair, a mound of prairie in the lowlands.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Central Lowlands are areas of valleys that have been formed since Paleozoic times.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Many of the region's sedimentary rocks were of economical value, particularly coal and ironstone, which had fuelled the birth of the Industrial Revolution in Scotland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The region has also experienced great volcanism, Arthur's Seat in Edinburgh is one of the remnants of volcanic eruptions, as well as the Ochils and Campsie Fells.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Southern Highlands are lined by hills stretching nearly 200 kilometres (124mi) Error in convert: Ignored invalid option “0" (help) with a broad valley, which runs along the fault line from Girvan to Dunbar. [145] [146] [147] magnitude consists of a layer of Silur that formed about 4-500 million years ago.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The highest point in the Southern Highlands is at Merrick at 843m (2,766ft) Error in convert: Ignored invalid option “0" (help). [16] [148] [149] [150] This area is also the location of the highest village in the United Kingdom, Wanlockhead (430m or 1,411ft above sea level). [147]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The climate of Scotland is a sea-temperate that tends to be fickle.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Due to the warm air delivered by the Gulf Current from the Atlantic Ocean, Scotland experiences milder winters (cooler, whereas summers are humid) when compared to regions that are at similar latitudes, e.g. Labrador, southern Scandinavia, Moscow in Russia, and the Kamchatka Peninsula on the back side of Eurasia.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

However, air temperatures are generally lower than the rest of Britain, with the coldest temperature −272°C (−457.6°F) recorded in Braemar, Grampian Mountains, on 11 February 1895. [151]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The average winter temperature in Lowland is 6°C (42.8°F), and the average summer temperature is 18°C (64.4°F).


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The highest temperature ever recorded was 329°C (624.2°F) in Greycrook, Scottish Borders on 9 August 2003. [152]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In general, western Scotland is warmer than eastern Scotland, mainly due to the influence of Atlantic ocean currents and cooler North Sea surface temperatures.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Tiree, in the Inner Hebrides, is one of the sunniest places in Scotland; it received more than 300 hours of sunshine in May 1975. [152]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Rainfall varies across Scotland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The western Highland is Scotland's wettest area, with annual rainfall reaching 3,000mm (118.1in) Error in convert: Ignored invalid option “1" (help). [153]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

While most of the Lowland region receives rainfall less than 800mm (31.5in) Error in convert: Ignored invalid option “1" (help) per year. [154]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Dense snowfall is rare in the Lowland, but is common in the higher regions.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Braemar has an average of 59 snowy days a year, [155] while most coastal areas are hit by less than 10 days of snow per year. [154]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Flora and fauna The wildlife of Scotland is typical of northwestern Europe, although some larger mammals such as lynx, brown bear, wolf, antelope, and walrus are already extinct due to poaching.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

There is also a population of seals and a variety of seabirds such as gannets. [156]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Golden eagles are animals that have become national icons. [157]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Species that live on mountain peaks include ptarmigan, mountain terwelu, and mink. [158]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Remains of Scots pine forests can still be found, [159] and in the Scottish track area live endemic bird species and vertebrates, as well as capercaillie, forest cat, red squirrel, and pine marten. [160] [161] [162] In recent years, several animals have reappeared, including white-tailed sea eagles in 1975, red kites in the 1980s, [163] [164] and more recently cultivated experimental projects against otters and wild boars.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Today, remnants of the Caledonian Rainforest are contained in the Cairngorms National Park and in 84 other locations in Scotland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

On the west coast, the Keltic Rainforest can still be found, especially on the Taynish Peninsula in Argyll.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The region's forests are very sparse due to high rates of deforestation. [165] [166] The flora of Scotland is varied, consisting of species of deciduous woodland and conifer woodland, as well as grassland and tundra.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Large-scale commercial tree planting and stewardship in the highlands for the benefit of sheep farming and commercial sporting activities impacts the spread of native animals and plants. [167]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The tallest tree in Great Britain is a large spruce planted around Loch Fyne, Argyll, in the 1870s, and the 5,000-year-old Fortingall Yew is thought to be the oldest living creature in Europe. [168] [169] [170] Although a number of native Scottish vascular plants are rated low by standards world, Scotland's bureauphytic flora is quite important globally. [171] [172] Scotland's economy and infrastructure implements a western-style open mixed economic system that is strongly associated with Europe and the rest of the world.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Traditionally, Scotland's economy was dominated by heavy industry seconded by the shipbuilding industry in Glasgow, coal mining, and the steel industry.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The petroleum industry contained in the North Sea has also been an important source of economy since the 1970s, particularly in north-east Scotland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Deindustrialization in the 1970s and 1980s led to a shift from the manufacturing sector to a service-oriented sector of the economy.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Edinburgh is Scotland's financial services hub and is one of the six largest financial centres in Europe in terms of fund management, behind London, Paris, Frankfurt, Zurich, and Amsterdam. [173]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Many large financial firms are located in Edinburgh, including Lloyds Banking Group (owner of Halifax Bank of Scotland); government bank Royal Bank of Scotland, and Standard Life.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In 2005, Scotland's total exports (excluding domestic trade) were estimated at £17.5billion, with 70% (£12.2billion) of these coming from the manufacturing sector. [174]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scotland's main exports are whisky, electronic goods, and financial services.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The United States, the Netherlands, Germany, France, and Spain are Scotland's main export markets. [174]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scotland's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), including the value of oil and natural gas produced in Scottish waters, was estimated at £150 billion in 2012. [4]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

If Scotland were independent, about 95% of the UK's oil and natural gas reserves would be owned by Scotland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

If these oil reserves were divided by the population, the figure would be reduced to 9%. [175]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scotland also controls nearly 25% of Europe's renewable energy potential. [176]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Whisky is perhaps Scotland's best-known manufactured product.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Whisky exports have increased by 87% in recent decades, contributing more £4.25 billion to Britain's economy, or a quarter of food and drink receipts in the country. [177]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Whisky is also one of Britain's top five export products, creating approximately 35,000 jobs. [178]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Tourism also contributes to Scotland's economy.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

A report published by the Scottish Parliament Information Centre (SpICE) for the Scottish Parliament's Enterprise and Life Long Learning Committee in 2002 showed that the tourism sector contributed almost 5% to Scotland's GDP and created 7.5% of jobs. [179]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

By including oil and natural gas revenues in the North Sea, the average Scottish tax rate is £10,700 a head, greater when compared to the UK tax rate of just £9,000 a head. [180]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scotland also receives greater headline-grabbing general spending when compared to the rest of the United Kingdom; in February 2012, the Centre for Economic and Business Research stated that “Scotland receives no net subsidy”. [181]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Overall, Scotland contributes 9.9% (£56.9m) to the UK's tax revenues, even though its population is only 8.4% of Britain's total population.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Whereas Scotland's spending amounted to 9.3% (£64.5m) of total UK spending.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Despite the budget deficit, this figure is still smaller when compared to other countries in the United Kingdom.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Over the past thirty years, Scotland has also contributed to a budget surplus of nearly £20 billion to Britain's economy. [182]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The latest data in October 2013 showed that in the second quarter of 2013, Scotland's economy had grown by 0.6%, comparable to the growth of the UK economy in the period. [183] [184] Unemployment figures and the number of labour force in Scotland were lower if compared to the United Kingdom as a whole; Scotland's unemployment figure as of October 2013 was 7.1%, while the United Kingdom was 7.4%, [185] and the employment figure in Scotland was 72.6%, higher than the United Kingdom as a whole which was 72.0%. [186]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Youth unemployment figures were also slightly lower: 21.1% in Scotland and 21.3% in Great Britain in the period August-October 2013. [186]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Currency Although the Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom, three Scottish clearing banks are still allowed to issue its own pound sterling banknotes, the three banks are Bank of Scotland, Royal Bank of Scotland, and Clydesdale Bank.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The value of Scottish banknotes in circulation today is £3.5billion. [187]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

JMPL|Ka|Barra Airport, the only airport in the world that uses the beach as a base for scheduled flight services. [188]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scotland has five major airports, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Prestwick, and Inverness, which overall serve 150 international destinations with diverse schedules and chartered flight services. [189]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

GIP is in charge of operating Edinburgh Airport, BAA operates Aberdeen and Glasgow, while Highland and Islands Airports operates 11 regional airports, including Inverness, serving flights to more remote locations. [190]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Motor roads and major roads in Scotland are maintained by Transport Scotland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The remaining highways are maintained by their respective local governments.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Freight ferries operate serving mainland Scotland with many islands.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

These ferry shuttles are mostly operated by Caledonian MacBrayne, and the rest are operated by local authorities.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Other ferry services run by private companies also link Scotland with Northern Ireland, Belgium, Norway, the Faroe Islands, and Iceland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Network Rail Infrastructure Limited owns and operates train transport infrastructure in Scotland, while the Scottish Government is responsible for overall rail freight strategy and funding. [191]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Scotland's rail network consists of around 340 train stations and 3,000 kilometres of rail line.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

More than 63 million passengers use this freight service each year. [192]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Rail freight in Scotland is managed by Transport Scotland. [193]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The East Coast and West Coast rail lines interconnect major cities in Scotland, also with cities in England.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Domestic train services in Scotland are operated by First ScotRail.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

While managed by British Rail, the West Coast line linking London Euston with Glasgow Central had been electrified in the 1970s, followed by the East Coast line in the 1980s. British Rail formed and lavished its duties on ScotRail.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

While still in British Rail hands, most of the line on Strathclyde has been electrified.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Strathclyde Passenger Transport Executive is recognised as “the largest electric train network outside London”.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Most train freight in Scotland is already electrified, but there are still those that have not, for example in Highland, Angus, Aberdeenshire, the cities of Dundee and Aberdeen, as well as Perth & Kinross, and none of the islands are served by train freight.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Glasgow has also had an integrated subway system since 1986.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

After being updated and modernized between 1977 to 1980, its 15 stations were only able to serve less than 40,000 passengers a day.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

There are plans to update the system extensively to welcome the 2014 Commonwealth Sports Party.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The East Coast Main Line crosses the Firth of Forth by passing the Forth Bridge.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Completed in 1980, the cantilever bridge is considered “one of Scotland's internationally recognised landmarks”. [194]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Demographics The total population of Scotland according to the 2001 census is 5,062,011.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

This figure increased to 5,295,400 in 2011. [2]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Although Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland, it is not the largest city.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

With a population of over 584,000 inhabitants, Glasgow bears the predicate of being the largest city in Scotland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Greater Glasgow conurbation, with a population of nearly 1.2 million, is the place of residence for almost a quarter of Scotland's population. [195]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Central Belt is where most of Scotland's cities are located.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Glasgow lies to the west, Edinburgh and Dundee to the east, while Perth (which was granted city status in 2012) stretches for 20 miles from the headwaters of the River Tay down to Dundee.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The major city in Scotland that lies outside the Central Belt is simply Aberdeen, located on the north west coast.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The Highland area is very sparsely populated, although the city of Inverness has experienced rapid population growth in recent years.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In general, only large accessible islands are still inhabited by humans.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Today, the inhabited islands number fewer than 90 islands.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The southern Upland area generally consists of rural areas dominated by the agricultural and forestry sectors. [196] [197] Due to housing problems in Glasgow and Edinburgh, five new towns were established in 1947 to 1966.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Those towns are East Kilbride, Glenrothes, Livingston, Cumbernauld, and Irvine. [198]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Immigration that took place since World War II led to cities such as Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Dundee being inhabited by a small number of South Asians. [199]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

As of 2011, there are estimated to be around 49,000 Pakistanis living in Scotland, making them the largest non-white ethnic group in the country. [1]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Since the Expansion of the European Union, more and more residents from Eastern and Central Europe have moved to Scotland; the 2011 census showed around 61,000 Polish citizens live in Scotland. [1] [200] Scotland has three officially recognised languages, namely English, Skos, and Scottish Gaelic.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Almost all Scots speak English, and in 1996, the General Register Office for Scotland estimated that about 17 to 33% of Scotland's population spoke Scots. [201]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The other language is Highland English.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Gaelic is generally spoken in the Western Isles, but if counted nationally, only 1% of Scotland's population still speak Gaelic. [202]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The number of Gaelic speakers in Scotland slumped from 250,000 in 1881 to 60,000 in 2008. [203]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

There are more residents of Scottish descent settling abroad when compared to the number of Scots themselves.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

According to the 2000 census, as many as 9.2 million United States citizens claimed to be Scottish bleeds, [204] Ulster's Protestant population generally has Lowland Scottish blood, [205] and there are estimated to be more than 27 million citizens of Irish-Scottish descent currently living in the United States. [206] [207 ] In Canada, the Canadian-Scottish population amounts to 4.7 million inhabitants. [208]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

About 20% of Europeans living in New Zealand are also from Scotland. [209]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In August 2012, the number of Scottish residents reached the highest number, at 5.25 million people. [210]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The reason for this increase in population numbers is mainly because of the magnitude of the birth rate rather than the mortality rate, and the growing number of foreign immigrants moving to Scotland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In 2011, 43,700 citizens of Wales, Northern Ireland, and England moved to Scotland. [210]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The total mortality rate (AKT) in Scotland is 2.1 (1.73 in 2011 [211]).


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Currently, the majority of births are from non-married women (51.3% of births in 2012 were out of wedlock [212]).


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Education The Scottish education system differs from the rest of the United Kingdom, with an emphasis on overarching educational characteristics. [213]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In the 15th century, the Humanists emphasized education accumulated by passing the Education Act 1496, which stated that all sons of barons and free workers had to attend grammar schools to study the “Latyne perfyct”, leading to increasing literate numbers in among wealthy men and elites. [214]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In the First Book of Discipline 1560, there were plans to establish a school in each parish, but this plan failed due to financial constraints. [215]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

In the School Establishment Act 1616, each parish was ordered to establish a school. [216]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

By the end of the 17th century, a large number of parish schools had been completed in Lowland, but many areas of Highland still did not have primary schools. [217]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Nonetheless, education was still administered by the church, rather than by the state, until the issuance of the Education Act 1872. [218]”


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Curriculum for Excellence” provides a curricular framework for children between the ages of 3 to 18. [219]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

All children between the ages of 3—18 in Scotland are eligible to receive free education.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Compulsory education officially begins at the age of about 5 and is taken for 7 years (P1-P7); currently, children in Scotland undergo Standard Grades or Intermediate classes by the time they are 14 to 16.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The system is planned to be phased out and replaced by the Curriculum National Qualification for Excellence.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

School completion is generally 16 years old, after which students can choose to stay in school and go to Access, Intermediate, and Higher Grade classes, or continue to college.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

A small number of learners attend private schools.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Some private schools use a system similar to the English system, and take GCSE, A-Level, and AS-level examinations. [220]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

There are fifteen universities in Scotland, some of which are classified as the oldest universities in the world, [221] [222] including St Andrews University, Glasgow University, Aberdeen University, Edinburgh University, and Dundee University—some of which are universities with the best ranking in the United Kingdom. [223] [224] Overall, Scotland has more universities that occupy the top 100 of THE-QS World University Ranking list when compared to any other country in the world. [225]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The country contributes to 1% of the world's total research issuance, even though its population is less than 0.1% of the world's population, and higher education institutions in Scotland also donate 9% to Scotland's service sector exports. [226] [227] Scotland's University Courts is the body of the world. education authorized to confer academic degrees.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Religion Only about two-thirds (67%) of Scots reported being religious in 2001, 65% of whom were Christian. [228]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

By contrast, 28% of Scotland's population were reported to be unaffiliated.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Since the Scottish Reformation in 1560, the national church of Scotland (the Church of Scotland, or Kirk) has been Protestant.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Since 1689, Presbyterian has also been granted freedom by the state. [16]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Currently, around 12% of Scotland's population are members of the Church of Scotland, and the remaining 40% claim to be interested in joining.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

The church administers an area parish church, with every community in Scotland having a local congregation.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

There are approximately 19% of Scotland's population who adhere to Roman Catholicism, mainly in the western part. [229]


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

After the Reformation, Roman Catholicism in Scotland remained a strong foothold in Highland and on some western islands such as Uist and Barra, and grew stronger in the 19th century after an influx of incomers from Ireland.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Other Christian denominations in Scotland are the Free Church of Scotland, other Presbyterian branches, and the Scottish Episcopal Church.


Question: What is the name of Scotland's capital?

Scotland

Islam is the largest nonchristian religion in Scotland, with the number of adherents estimated at 40,000, or 0.9% of Scotland's population. [230]