Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

BKR established its headquarters at Cilacap street no.5, (home owned by Gen. Prabowo Subianto's grandfather) for Jakarta's charisidenan area on 27 August 1945 led by Moeffreini Moe'min who was none other than Muwardi's men in Barisan Pioneer.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

When Bung Karno became President and was about to draft a Cabinet, Muwardi got a direct offer from Bung Karno to serve as Minister of Defence but he declined because he was about to continue his career as a doctor.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

So in its history the post was expected to be held by Supriyadi, who turned out in fact it was lost after committing the rebellion of Peta.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Yet the actions of fighters inside the city are not all controllable.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Not a few adventurers who abuse the opportunity to seek profit on their own.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Noted BPRI was boncengi by “Barisan Usung-Usung”, ranks that transport goods belonging to the people for personal benefit until here and there there are allegations BPRI are robbers, thieves and murderers.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Therefore, Muwardi it is recommended that the position of BPRI be transferred from Jakarta.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

At that time the Government of the Republic of Indonesia was ready to hijra to Yogyakarta considering the city of Jakarta is not safe.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

After the Indonesian Government hijra to Yogyakarta on January 4, 1946, the board of BPRI held a negotiation to move its base to Solo.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

The BPRI in December 1945 held its congress at Habiproyo Building, Singosaren (now Matahari Singosaren), Solo.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

In the congress 15—16 December 1945 it was decided to change the name from BPRI to Barisan Banteng Republik Indonesia (BBRI).


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

BBRI is headquartered in Solo with Muwardi as the General Leader.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

In accordance with the decision of the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) meeting dated 22 August 1945 on the formation of the Indonesian National Party (PNI) as a single party.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

According to the plan Muwardi will be appointed as the leader of the single party, but with the Government information dated October 16, 1945 about the granting of legislative rights to the Central Indonesian National Committee (BP-KNIP) which can determine the Outlines of State Political Bow Govt.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

The Cabinet is no longer accountable to the President but rather is responsible to the Central Indonesian National Committee.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

People sitting within the KNIP and the KNIP Workers' Agency are representatives of the parties.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

On October 30, 1945, when Soekarno, Hatta and Amir Syarifuddin were in Surabaya to calm things down, then KNIP convened and made a decision to open the opportunity to the community to establish parties with various considerations.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Sutan Syahrir and Amir Syarifudin founded the Indonesian Social Party; Iwa Kusumasumantri founded the Labour Party, Dr. Sukiman founded the Masyumi Party, Mangunsarkoro with the Indonesian Nationalist Party, Sukarni founded the Murba Party (Muwardi was briefly actively involved in it) and parties another was established.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

The first cabinet, the presidential cabinet was dropped by the KNIP as the Legislative Body.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Syahrir then became Prime Minister concurrently Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Home Affairs.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

While Amir Syariffudin besides holding the position of Minister of People's Security also serves as Minister of Lighting.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

If the first cabinet is considered close to the politics of “collaboration with Japan” then the second cabinet is close to the politics of “collaboration with the Netherlands”.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Since Syahrir's cabinet politics were the politics of “conferring with the Dutch” resulting in opposition to the cabinet increasing at the beginning of 1946.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

On 5 January 1946 in Purwokerto a meeting was held by the parties and bodies of struggle that were not as subdued as the “politics” of the Syahrir Cabinet to form the Union of Struggle (PP).


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Meanwhile, Muwardi immediately expanded the wings of Barisan Bull by arranging branches in each Karisidenan, branches in the district, and twigs in Kawedanaan.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Together with Sudiro, Mulyadi Joyomartono.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Many go around conducting inspections to West Java, Bandung, Purwakarta, Leles, to East Java, Bojonegoro, and Malang.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Specially in Solo was formed Laskar Bull Division under the leadership of Anwar Santoso who was in charge of 5 regiments, domiciled in Kartasura, Solo, Wonogiri and Sragen.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

In the Leadership of Barisan Banteng held a division of jobs.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Sudiro and Imam Sutadjo led the political section which successfully published the Pacific daily and the Bull magazine.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Because the activities of conducting inspections to Bandung led Muwardi to be involved in the events of “Bandung Lautan Api” 23 March 1946 together with the figures of Barisan Banteng, Toha, A. H. Nasution and Suprayogi.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Although busy leading Barisan Banteng, Muwardi did not least contribute thoughts of struggle including military strategy to the leadership of the War Force, especially General Sudirman and General Urip Sumohardjo, Urip was not other than his brother-in-law.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Drawn into the world of Political Influence, Muwardi's prowess and proficiency in leading the struggle is recognized by the wider community in addition to his great attention to political issues so that politicians desire to draw him into the political struggle.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Politicians' approach to Muwardi got way after it was known that Muwardi, Sudirman, Urip Sumohardjo and Tan Malaka did not agree to the Linggarjati Agreement signed on 25 March 1947.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

This agreement ended after the Dutch Aggression I on July 1, 1947, then an armistice held and held the Indonesian-Dutch negotiations on an American ship, Renville under the supervision of the United Nations Commission on January 17, 1948 which ended with the signing of the Approval Renville.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Renville's approval in essence received a lot of opposition resulting in the formation of a Presidency Cabinet with Bung Hatta as Prime Minister.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

The PKI through Amir Sharifuddin's Socialist Party demanded the seat of Minister of Defense, but it was rejected and the seat was captured by Bung Hatta himself.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Amir Syarifuddin did not stay still and acted to establish FDR (People's Democratic Front) on February 26, 1948 consisting of PKI, PS-Amir Syarifuddin, PIB (Indonesian Labor Party), SOBSI (Workers' Union of Indonesia) and Pesindo (Indonesian Socialist Youth).


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Almost simultaneously BBRI held a congress in Sarwakan, Solo (now Jl. Honggopranoto) to oppose negotiations with the Dutch conducted by the Government of Syahrir.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

The congress was attended by President Sukarno to prevent Muwardi with his Barisan Banteng involved political disputes with the government side.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Because of the two political stances, namely anti-negotiations with the Netherlands and Anti Swapraja, Muwardi together with Mulyadi Joyomartono was arrested by order of Interior Minister Dr. Soedarsono.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

But finally released again to avoid violent acts from BBRI and its sympathizes if until Muwardi is not released.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

In addition there was also interference by Sudirman and Urip Sumohardjo, causing the government to think much if it detained Muwardi.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Since the PKI was re-established on October 25, 1945, since the middle of 1946, Solo began to appear a party and a body of struggle that led to the Left and Communist Socialists.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Among them the lines and groups of Socialists leading to the Communists (Socialist Party, Labor Party, Indonesian Communist Party, Pesindo) and Nationalist (PNI, Masyumi, BPRI, Barisan Banteng).


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

The polarization of parties and groups was seen in the event of the struggle for the position of Solo Resident.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Indications of Solo in a state of death is the abduction of Prime Minister Syahrir on June 27, 1946, so that the power of the state is fully in the hands of President Sukarno.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

But the events of the abduction only lasted a day overnight.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

The incident continued with the military coup carried out by General Major Soedarsono dated 3 July 1946 lucky that the coup could be thwarted to overcome the prone state in Solo around the middle of 1946.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

The Central Government based on the Government Determination of 1946 No. 16/SD appointed Mr. Iskak Tjokroadisurjo and Sudiro respectively as Resident and Deputy Resident of Surakarta.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Both are from the Nationalist class (PNI and Barisan Banteng).


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

But the appointment was opposed by the Communist Group by submitting a resolution dated October 8, 1946.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Because of that, the Central Government until issued the Government Ordination again on October 22, 1946 No. 21/ SD.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

The content of the decree ordered that the two officials return to their posts to perform their job duties.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

However, Mr Iskak Tjokroadisujo and Sudiro could not run the job because on November 9, 1946 instead kidnapped by a certain group.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

And that particular group raised Soejas and Dasuki respectively to be Resident and Deputy Resident of Surakarta.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

That particular group is the Socialist group that leads to the Communists, because Soejas and Dasuki are included in it.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

The opposition between the two groups continued to culminate as a result of the Linggarjati Agreement on 15 November 1946 which took the form of “Pro” and “Cons” of the agreement.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Then this pro group formed the “Left Wing” front and consisted of Socialist Party, PBI, PKI, Pesindo.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

The Counter also formed a front called “Republic Fort” and consisted of PNI, Masyumi, BPRI, Barisan Banteng RI.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

The Linggarjati Agreement finally got opposition from members of his own party, namely Syahrir himself.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

As a result a split arose within the Socialist Party.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Syahrir founded the Indonesian Socialist Party (Ada called Soska-Socialist Right) and Amir Syarifuddin remained with his Socialist Party which later merged with the FDR/PKI.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

Therefore, the fall of the Syahrir Cabinet (the third) on 26 July 1947.


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

After that was formed a new Cabinet in which the Prime Minister was Amir Sharifuddin (concurrently Minister of Defence).


Question: When was Dr. Moewardi born?

Moewardi

This cabinet continued negotiations with the Netherlands which resulted in an approval whose value could be viewed as more detrimental to Indonesia when compared to the Linggarjati agreement, is the so-called Renville Agreement. {{subst: #if: |}} [[Category: {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1907}} || UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of birth missing {{subst: #switch: {subst:uc:1948}} ||LIVING =( living people)}} | #default =1907 births}}]] [[Category: {subst: #switch: {subst:1948}} || LIVING =Living people | UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of death missing | #default =1948 deaths}}]] Category:Indonesian National Heroes Category:Indonesian Doctors Category:Murdered Figures Category:Figures from Pati Category:Central Java Figures Category:Javanese Figures


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

The Han dynasty (Hanzi:, hanyu pinyin: Han Chao) (202 BC—220) was one of the three most influential dynasties in China throughout its history.


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

This dynasty was the one that laid the foundations of Chinese nationality inherited the unification of China from the previous dynasty, the Qin Dynasty.


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

The Han dynasty itself was founded by Liu Bang, a peasant who won a civil war with his rival, Xiang Yu.


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

The Han dynasty is one of the strongest dynasties in China, and because of its great influence, the ethnic majority in China now call them Han people (even if their ancestors were not of Han ethnicity).


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

The Han Dynasty was a dynasty that brought glory that never existed before which at that time was one of the two world powers with the Roman Empire in the western world.


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

In 1 BC, the population of the Han Dynasty was estimated at 70 million inhabitants, constituting 28 percent of the world's population.


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

At the same time, the population in the Indian subcontinent was about 46 million, Europe 35 million and North Africa 14 million. [1]


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

Chronology of Emperors There were 13 emperors who led the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC - 9) and 13 emperors led the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 - 220).


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

Between year 8 to year 23 there was a Xin Dynasty founded by Wang Mang and then continued by Emperor Han Gengshi from year 23 to 25 which still belongs to the empire of the Western Han Dynasty.


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

Liu Bei who was a descendant of the imperial family of the Eastern Han Dynasty, founded the state of Shu Han (221 - 263) at the time of the Three States.


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

Shu Han was declared to pass on the Han Dynasty.


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

Shu Han had two emperors who ruled before it was later conquered by the Cao Wei state.


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

After defeating the Chin, then Liu Bang merged other lands in China and established the Han dynasty.


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

Governing Structure At first, Liu Bang (emperor Gao) divided the country into several feudal states with the intention of satisfying the land leaders who joined him during the Chu-Han war, although he planned to get rid of them after Liu Bang merged and consolidated his army into full strength.


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

Social Culture and Religion At the time of the Han dynasty, the teachings of Confucius and Taoism developed rapidly.


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

Foreign Relations of the Han Dynasty conducted trade and expanded its culture to the countries of Korea, Mongolia, Vietnam, and Central Asia.


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

Famous Figures Liu Bang = founder of the Han dynasty and the first emperor of the Western Han dynasty Liu Xiu = a member of the Liu empire who successfully overthrew the Xin dynasty, and re-established the Han dynasty (otherwise known as Eastern Han) Wang Mang = a rebel who ultimately succeeded overthrew the rule of the Western Han dynasty, because it considered the Liu royal family no longer had the power of the celestial mandate.


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

Wang Mang made the Xin Dynasty.


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

Because during Wang Mang's reign was considered unsuccessful, which was during his reign, he made policies that incriminated the royal family and its people.


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

So that, came the Red Eyebrow Rebellion.


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

The rebellion was successful because it was helped also by the royal family.


Question: Who was the founder of Eastern Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

See also Han Tribe Battle Chu-Han List of Emperors of Han Dynasty


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Citatah Cliff is a cliff area located in the Citatah area in West Bandung Regency, precisely at 5km Padalarang.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

When entering the city of Bandung from Cianjur, Bogor, Jakarta passing through Puncak or Jonggol will pass through this area.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

By morphology the area is hilly and formed mostly of chalk, so Citatah looks different from hills in general.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Citatah has been the subject of conversation in various local and national media, after KRBC (Bandung Basin Research Group) conducted a study of this region.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Some of KRBC's phenomenal discoveries are the discovery of ancient sites in Pawon Cave on December 9, 2000 which for the first time in Goa Pawon, Pasir Pawon, Kars Citatah, among others in the form of stone tools and bones, earthenware, bone remains, and animal teeth. [1]


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Citatah is a highly productive lime mining area.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

This mining has been going on since the mid-19th century and continues to take place today.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Of course, it has not been as active as now who have used sophisticated tools and dynamite to blow up parts of the hill containing limestone which adversely affects the Citatah area itself.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Citatah has three cliffs namely Citatah Cliff 48, Citatah Cliff 90 and Cliff Citatah 125.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Citatah Cliff 48 Citatah 48 is located on Jl. Pamucatan Raya, Bandung, West Java.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

This cliff is a cliff that is under the supervision of Kopassus, so if going to do the climbing required permission to Kopassus first.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

This cliff has a height of about 40—50 meters so called Citatah 48 cliff.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

The cliff has the official name of Mount Manik but is more commonly called Citatah 48.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

These cliffs have a type of Karst or chalk rocks.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

The cliff has about 25 climbing trails with different difficulties. [2]


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Cliff Citatah 48 has a distinctive feature that distinguishes with other cliffs, namely with the occurrence of a monument shaped with a dagger knife that stuck right at the top of the cliff.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Monument The giant dagger knife becomes a very striking characteristic. [3]


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

To use this place must get permission in advance from the Special Forces Exercise Education Center or Pusdipassus located in Batu Jajar, West Bandung.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Activities permit must be filed long before, approximately 1 month because it will go through a long process. [4] to Citatah Cliff 48, it takes approximately 15 minutes from Cliff Citatah 125. [5]


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Cliff Citatah 90 Cliff Citatah 90 is also located in Padalarang area, Bandung, West Java.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

The cliff has a type of karst or chalk rock with a height of about 90 meters from ground level.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Like the cliffs Citatah — 125 and Citatah — 48, this cliff is located in the area around a karst rock mining plant.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Citatah Cliff 90 has more difficulty than other Cliffs.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

The cliff which has the official name of Mount Pabeasa has about 4 — 5 commonly used climbing trails [2] and Citatah Cliff 90 has a surface that tends to be fragile [6] Citatah Cliff 125 Citatah Cliff 125 is located on the highest limestone mountain in the Citatah area, namely Mt. Singgalang, which has a cliff height of 125 meters so it is called Cliff Citatah 125.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Citatah Cliff area 125 is a center of education for rock climbing schools in Bandung [3] and Jabodetabek.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

The location is very easy to reach, because it is located not far from the highway Bandung — Cianjur.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Administratively, this cliff is precisely located in Citatah Village, Cipatat District, West Bandung Regency.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Just like other cliffs in the region whose naming is followed by a number behind it. [7]


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Citatah cliff 125 is a cliff of Batuan Andesite and Batu Marble, the difficulty level can be divided based on its class, ranging from normal to the hardest level.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

The climbing path is a lot of tesedia, so for climbers to choose the climbing path to use, there are Hanoman Trail and Eagle Trail, these two trails have different characteristics.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Citatah cliff 125 is often used as a place for training from various circles, ranging from beginners to professionals. [8]


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

This cliff is the most popular place compared to other upright rocks in the Citatah area because the characteristics of this cliff climbing path are very diverse, so it is suitable for educational activities introduction to rock climbing.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Access to the location To get to the location of Citatah Cliff located in Padalarang area, Bandung, precisely behind Multi Marble Alam factory.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

The travel time from the highway to the cliff is approximately 6 minutes.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

When taken on foot, car users can park their car near the cliff.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Around the cliffs are many agricultural gardens of local residents.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

For those who want to play using public transportation to Citatah Cliff, from Jakarta can use two travel lanes, either from Ciawi or from the newly built Cipularang Toll Road.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

The cost incurred to get to the location is enough to pay Rp. 20,000 — Rp. 25,000 per person from Kampung Rambutan Terminal through the direction of Ciawi, down in front of Multi Marble Alam Factory, and from the direction of Cipularang Toll, enough to pay Rp. 25,000 can be climbed from Kampung Rambutan Terminal or from UKI.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

However, if boarding from UKI must be asked first to the bus kernet, whether it will exit the Padalarang toll later, because otherwise it will be further down.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

After exiting Toll Padalarang continued by using city transportation that goes to Raja Mandala get off at Multi Marble Alam Factory is enough to pay Rp. 2,000 — Rp. 2,500 per person.


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

During the trip, we will be presented with a beautiful view either through the direction of Ciawi or also from Cipularang Toll Direction. [8]


Question: What is the distance from Pawon Cave from Bandung?

Citatah Cliff

Footnote Category:West Bandung Regency


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

Eastern Assyrian Church (English: Assyrian Church of the East, Classical Syriac:), or its official name Eastern Assyrian Church of the Holy Apostolic Catholic [3] (Classical Syriac:), or its official name Eastern Assyrian Church of the Holy Apostolic Catholic [3] (Classical Syriac:), ʻIttā Qaddishtā w-Shlikhāitā Qattoliqi d-Madnkhā d-Āturāyē), is one of the Syrian Christians whose origins originated in the Throne of the Diocese of Seleukia-Ktesiphon, founded by Saint Tomas the Apostle and Saint Mari and Saint Addai, as listed in the book of Addai Doctrine.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

The church is one of the Apostolic Churches, historically included in the Church of the East (Church of the East), and is currently led by Patriarch-Catholikos Mar Dinkha IV.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

This church itself occasionally of the time calls itself the Assyrian Orthodox Church, and is sometimes thought to be one of the Oriental Orthodox Churches.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

The term “Orthodox” has never been used in worship books, nor in the official correspondence of this Church, but is a confusing use of a term belonging to the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Oriental Orthodox Church.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

The term “true faith” or “true teachings” in the Syrian language has never been found in the designations ever used by this Church.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

In Syrian, the term can be translated to “trisa subha”.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

In India, the Church is known as Kaldea Syrian Church.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

In the Western world, this Church is often called the Nestorian Church although this designation is perceived by the Eastern Church as an insult.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

Pope John Paul II declared this Church the “Church of the Martyrs” in view of the oppression suffered by this Church throughout its history, and for the honor of its distinguished martyrs.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

This church states that no one other Church has as many syuhada as the Assyrian Eastern Church.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

The Assyrian Church is the original Church in the area that used to be named Parthia (now Eastern Iraq and Iran).


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

Geographically the Church once stretched as far as China and India in the Middle Ages: an inscription found in Xi'an (its original name was Chang'an), the capital of China during the Tang Dynasty era, contains written descriptions in Chinese and Syrian on activities This church in the 7th century and 8th century, then half a millennium later a Chinese monk departed from Beijing to Paris and Rome to appeal to an alliance with the Mongols against the Mameluks.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

Before the coming of the Portuguese to India in 1498, the Church provided the bishops of “Eastern Syria” for the Christians of Santo Tomas.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

Patriarch Mar Timothy I (727—823) in his writings once mentioned about the large Christian community in Tibet.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

The constituents of the theology of this Church, namely Diodorus of Tarsus and Theodorus of Mopsuestia, taught at Antioch.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

The normative Christology of the Assyrian Church was composed by Babai the Great (551—628) and clearly differs from the teachings of dualism alleged to Nestorius: his main Christological work is called the 'Book of Unity', and in it Babai teaches that the two qnomes (essence) do not mix but forever manunggal in one parsopa (personality) of Christ.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

History of Church Consolidation of Christian communities has existed in the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian regions since the 2nd century.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

A council is known to have once convened in Seleukia-Ktesifon around 325 to resolve a jurisdictional conflict between leading bishops.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

In a council afterwards, also in Seleukia-Ktesifon in 410, the Christian communities of Mesopotamia declared no longer subservient to the bishops of Antioch and to the “Western” bishops, besides which the bishop of the city of Seleukia-Ktesifon was appointed Catholicos.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

J.-M. Fiey, Jalons pour une histoire de l'Eglise en Iraq, (Louvain: Secretariat du CSCO, 1970).


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

M.-L. Chaumont, La Christianisation de l'Empire Iranien, (Louvain: Peeters, 1988).


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

Schism with Catholic/Orthodox Church Part of a series onEastern Christianity Main communions Eastern Orthodoxy Oriental Orthodoxy Eastern Catholic Reformed Eastern Christianity Church of the East (Assyrian and Ancient) Spiritual Christianity Eastern liturgical rites Byzantine (and Eastern) Orthodox) Alexandrian Antiochene Armenian East Syriac Malabar Malankara West Syriac Major controversies Nestorianism Nestorian Schism Monophysitism Dyophysitism Miaphysitism Henotikon Three Chapters Monothelitism Iconoclasm Filioque Paulicianism Bogomilism Other topics Christian mysticism Christology Divine Liturgy Eastern Christian history Monasticism Index of related articles Western Christianity portalvt Assyrian Church separate from Catholic/Orthodox Churches (Eastern and Western Churches which had not separated before Schism Akbar in 1054) as a result of Nestorian schism year 431, but the theology of the Assyrian Church cannot be called Nestorianism.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

Nestorius, a disciple of Theodorus of Mopsuestia and bishop of the city of Constantinople, was condemned for refusing to call the Virgin Mary the 'Mother of God' (“Theotokos” in Greek).


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

He was only willing to refer to Mary as 'Mother of Christ' (“Kristotokos” in Greek).


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

His opponent, Kiril of Aleksandria, accused him of dividing Christ into two persons, which Nestorius clearly denies.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

The issue became more complicated with Kiril's arguments were less clear, which soon became the culprit of Monophycyte schism.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

Kiril of Aleksandria stridently sought to shift Nestorius and his supporters and followers from power.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

But in areas inhabited by Syrian speakers, Theodorus of Mopsuestia was highly respected, so the act of condemnation of his disciple Nestorius was not acceptable.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

His followers were granted asylum.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

The Persian kings, who were constantly at war with the Roman Empire, took this opportunity to ensure the loyalty of their Christian nationals as well as support the Nestorian schism: They gave asylum for the Nestorians (462).


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

They executed the pro-Roman Catholikos of Babowai and who was later succeeded by Bar Sauma, the Nestorian bishop of the city of Nisibis (484).


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

They allowed the transfer of the Edessa theological school to the city of Nisibis which belonged to Persian territory when the Roman emperor closed the school because of the Nestorian bow (489).


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

Later history At the time of the arrival of the Nestorian refugees from Edessa, the prelate in office was Babaeus or Babowai (sometimes also called 'Babai', not to be equated with 'Babai Agung') (457—484), who apparently received them with open arms.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

But Bar Sauma, who was then serving as bishop of Nisibis, the nearest important city of Edessa, was at odds with the weak Catholicos, whom he had abdicated in the Synod of Beth Lapat, April 484.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

In the same year Babowai was charged before the king of having conspired with Constantinople and was cruelly sentenced to death.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

In the Synod of Beth Lapat, it was also decided that monks and all Church officials must marry.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

The decree resulted in apostasy as well as the weakening of spiritual life, so that in roughly the year 544 some changes in the results of the synod's decrees were restored to their original state.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

This counter-change reached its zenith in 571 when Abraham the Great of Kashkar founded a new monastery on Mount Izla near Nisibis in order to revive the strict monastic movement, and Henana of Adiabene became headmaster of the Nisibis theological school.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

Henana then dropped out of Theodorus' Antioch tradition and overtly followed the teachings of Origenes.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

The bishops failed in their attempts to censor and denounce Henana because of the royal protections so that she remained as principal, even though almost all of the pupils had left the school.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

The wars in the period of 610—628 between Persia and Byzantium weakened the political influence of the Assyrian Church so that several dioceses and villages passed into the hands of the Monophycytes.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

The Assyrian Church was not allowed to elect a new Catholicos, and its theological tradition was encroached upon by Henana.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

Babai the Great along with the Great Deacon Mar Aba governed the Church without authority as Catholicos.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

But in his official post as 'penilik of the monasteries of the North' Babai had the authority to examine the orthodoxy of monks and monasteries in Northern Mesopotamia and to enforce discipline.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

In particular, he removed the married monks.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

Babai the Great and his spiritual colleagues took great difficulty in maintaining the relics of Theodorus: counterpoint theological schools were established in Nisibis and Balad, as well as the monastery of Mar Abraham, headed by Babai, consisting of a number of students from the Nisibis school of theology.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

Babai himself wrote a large number of commentaries and Hagiographies to counter the Monophycytes and Henanas who adhered to the teachings of Origenes, as well as developing the only systematic Christology of Assyria. He taught that the two qnomes (essence) did not blend but were eternal in one parsopa (personality) of Christ.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

Their laboriousness came to fruition: in a meeting of bishops in 612, the teachings of Theodorus were canonized.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

With Segerea Babai's writings and Christology became normative, and Henana's writings became neglected.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

Assyrian monasticism is purified and thrives.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

The church proved well organized during the conquest of the Arabs that followed the Byzantium-Persian wars, and flourished during later centuries.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

Theory of Arrival in Indonesia The church arrived in Indonesia since the 7th century. namely in 2 places named Pancur (Now the region of: Deli Serdang) and Barus (Now the region of: Tapanuli Tengah) in Sumatra (645 BC).


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

This history has been recorded by the Shaykh cleric Abu Salih al-Armini in his book under the FIBA title “Tadhakur Akhbar min al-Kana'is wa al-Adyar min Nawabin Mishri wa al-Iqta'aih” (List of news on churches and monastries in Egyptian provinces and beyond).


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

This list of churches and monastries from the original script in Arabic with 114 pages contains news about 707 churches and 181 Christian monastries scattered around Egypt, Nubia, Abysina, West Africa, Spain, Arabia and India.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

In his book (Abu Salih), Indonesian lands are still included in Indian territory (al-Hindah).


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

But according to A.J. Butler M.A., the word Fahsûr should have been written Mansûr, which is a country in ancient times located in the Northwest of India, located around the Indus River. Mansur is the most major state famous among the Arabs in terms of camfer commodities (al-kafur).


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

(See B.T.A. Evetts, MA (ed.), The Churches... p. 300) The Sacrament of the Assyrian Church of the East is the same as the Roman Catholic Church Has 7 Sacraments.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

The most common eucharistic Liturgy of the Church of the East is the Liturgy of Addai and Mari.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

The rite is well known to liturgical scholars because it does not contain the institutional sentence Jesus uttered in the Final Supper (“This is my body”...” This is my blood”).


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

Therefore many (in particular the Roman Catholic side) consider this liturgy invalid.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

However, in 2001, after passing a study on the subject, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (as prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith at that time) declared that the liturgy was valid and Catholics in Iraq may receive the Eucharist from the Assyrian Church if there is no Church Catholics.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

This declaration was approved by Pope John Paul II.


Question: Who was the founder of the Eastern Assyrian Church?

Eastern Assyrian Church

Reference Outside Category:Assyrian Church of the East


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

The Iraqi Civil War (English: Iraqi Civil War), was an armed conflict in the Middle East that lasted between January 2014 to December 2017.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

In 2014, the insurgency in Iraq escalated into civil war with the capitulation of Fallujah, Mosul, Tikrit and key territories in northern Iraq by the Islamic State of Iraq and Sham (ISIL, also known as ISIS/NIIS or IS).


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

These events resulted in the forced resignation of the Prime Minister of Iraq, Nouri al-Maliki, airstrikes by the United States, Iran, Syria, and at least twelve other countries, [73] the participation of Iranian forces [74] as well as military and logistical assistance provided to Iraq by Russia. [73]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

Conflicting parties Both the Iraqi Armed Forces, Kurdistan Peshmerga and various Turkmen Muslim groups and forces, Assyrian Christians, Yazidi, Shabaki, and Armenian Christians faced the Islamic State of Iraq and Sham and Saudi Arabia.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

Although approximately 35,000 Kurdistan Peshmerga forces are incorporated into the Iraqi Armed Forces, most Peshmerga forces operate under the command of the President of Iraqi Kurdistan in the Kurdish autonomous region, Iraq. [75] [76] [77] The Christian Assyrian groups and forces consist of; the Syrian Military Council, Nineveh Plain Forces, Nineveh Plain Protection Unit, Qaraqosh Protection Committee, Dwekh Nawsha, and others.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

2014 timeline In Anbar campaign activities, NIIS militants seized at least 70% of Anbar Province in June 2014, [78] including the city of Fallujah, [79], Al Qaim, [78] Abu Ghraib [80] and half of the provincial capital Ramadi [81] In early June 2014, after carrying out a massive attack in Iraq, NIIS controlled Mosul the second most populous city in Iraq, [82] near the city of Tal Afar [83] and most of Ninawa province and surrounding areas [84] .NIIS also seized some parts of Kirkuk and Diyala Provinces, [85] and the administrative center of the Salahuddin Tikrit governorate government, [86] with the aim of the end of the capture of Baghdad. [87].


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

NIIS is believed to have deployed only 2,000-3,000 fighters in the Mosul campaign, a force that was clearly not initially accounted for by their enemy. [88]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

During this campaign it was also reported that there were a number of Sunni groups in Iraq opposed to the Shia domination government in Iraq had joined the NIIS, thus strengthening their numbers. [89]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

But in most parts of the Kurds (Sunni adherents in northeastern Iraq) did not want to be involved into the conflict, and reportedly broke out clashes in this region between NIIS dealing with Kurdish Peshmerga. [90] [91] During the course of this campaign NIIS is estimated to have executed 1,700 Iraqi soldiers who surrendered during that battle and released numerous images of the mass executions they carried out through their channels on Twitter and various sites. [92]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

Until the end of June, NIIS militants seized two key passes in Anbar, the day after they seized a cross-border outpost in Al-Qaim.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

According to analysts, the goal of NIIS is seizing this trajectory to open the supply line of weapons and equipment for other battlefields. [93]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

Two days later, the Syrian Air Force bombed NIIS positions in Iraq.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki stated: “This attack does not involve coordination withRAK, but Iraq welcomes the action and any Syrian attack on NIIS because this group is targeting Iraq and Syria" [94] At the same time, The Jerusalem Post reported that the administration Obama has requested the US$ 500 million budget from the US Congress to be used to train and arm “moderate groups” from among the Syrian rebels who are opposing the Syrian government, The US side is doing so with the aim of countering the threat posed by NIIS in Syria and Iraq. [95]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

On June 29, NIIS announced the establishment of a new caliphate in which Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi was appointed caliph, as well as the group formally changing the name to Islamic State. [96]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

Four days later Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, on behalf of the caliph self-proclaimed as the leader of the new Islamic State, he called for Muslims to unite to seize Rome in order to rule the world. [97] [98] He called for Muslims around the world to unite behind him and recognized him as a leader. [99]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

On July 24, NIIS blew up the Mosque and tomb of the Prophet Jonah in Mosul, [100] reportedly no casualties fell in that event. [101]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

Residents in the area say that NIIS has destroyed a piece of Iraq's historical heritage. [102]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

Days later, NIIS also blew up the temple of the Prophet Set in Mosul.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

Sami al-Massoudi, deputy head of the Shiite waqf body that oversees the holy sites, confirmed the destruction of the premises and added that NIIS had moved artifacts from the shrine to an unknown location. [103]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

In an offensive in August, NIIS captured Sinjar and a number of other towns in the north of the country.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

Nearly 200,000 civilians mostly of Yazidi ethnicity managed to escape the fighting in Sinjar city, [104] [105] about 50,000 of them fled to the Sinjar Mountains. [105] where reportedly these escapees were trapped without food, water or medical care, [106] facing catastrophic starvation and dehydration. [105]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

In addition they were also reported to have been threatened to be killed if they refused conversion to Islam.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

A UN representative said that a “humanitarian tragedy is unfolding in Sinjar" [107] As of the end of the month, NIIS has reportedly massacred 5,000 Yazidi people, and continues to carry out killings in hundreds in different villages. [108]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

In addition, in the latest offensive Islamic State managed to advance up to 30km from the Iraqi Kurdish capital of Erbil in northern Iraq. [109] [110] In response to the siege and killing of the Yazidi, on August 7, US President Obama ordered the release of airstrikes targeting NIIS in Iraq, simultaneously by dropping aid from the air. [111]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

While the UK offered assistance to the US with refueling, and participated in planning the air supply of humanitarian aid to Iraqi refugees. [112]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

The United States insists that the systematic destruction of the Yazidi people by the Islamic State is genocide. [113]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

The Arab League also accused the Islamic State of having committed crimes against humanity. [114] [115] On 13 August, airstrikes by US forces assisted by Kurdish forces succeeded in breaking the siege of Mount Sinjar by NIIS. [116] [117] [118] Five days later, Kurdish Peshmerga ground forces with Iraqi Special Forces assistance and U.S. air campaign, targeting NIIS positions at Mosul dam. [119] [120] 2015 At the end of January, Iraqi forces recaptured the entire Diyala province from ISIS. [121]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

Also marked the beginning of the Mosul Offensive, which Peshmerga forces managed to control large swathes of territory around Mosul. [122]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

On 2 March, the Second Battle of Tikrit began [123] and after more than a month of fierce fighting, government forces and pro-Iranian Shiite militias were able to overcome ISIS militants and take over Tikrit.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

This success was beyond foreseeable at the end of May, by ISIS's capture of Ramadi the capital of Anbar.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

On July 17, a suicide bomber detonated a car bomb in a crowded market in the town of Khan Bani Saad during Eid celebrations, killing 120 to 130 people and wounding 130 others.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

Twenty more people have been reported missing since the event. [124] [125] On August 13, a suicide bomber detonated a truck bomb in a crowded market in Sadr City, Baghdad, killing at least 75 people and wounding 212 others. [126]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

On 27 August, a suicide bomber killed General Abdel Rahman Abu Ragheef, deputy commander of operations in Anbar province, and Brigadier Amanen Abdel Majeed, a division commander. [127]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

ISIS forces lost Sinjar on November 13 to the hands of Kurdish forces. [128]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

On 16 to 17 December, ISIS forces launched a massive offensive in the northeastern direction of Mosul from Kurdish forces' positions but were successfully thwarted. [129]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

Starting from 22 December, the Iraqi Army began a campaign to retake Ramadi.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

On December 28, Iraq announced that Ramadi was successfully liberated from ISIS militants and was under the control of the Iraqi government. [130] 2016 Iraqi forces regained control of Hīt and ar-Rutbah in an attack operation in 2016, and then Fallujah in the Third Battle Fallujah which ended in June 2016.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

On 16 October 2016, the Battle of Mosul began. 2017 the Iraqi Army, with the help of the General Mobilization Forces, launched an offensive in Western Nineveh.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

Iraqi Army forces took over Mosul on 10 July.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

The Iraqi Army launched an offensive in Tal Afar on 20 August.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

The Battle of Tal Afar ended on 31 August with a major Iraqi Army victory.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

The Iraqi Army launched an offensive in Hawija on 20 September.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

The Iraqi Army declared victory in an offensive in Hawija on 5 October.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

The Iraqi Army launched an offensive in Peshmerga-occupied Kirkuk on 15 October.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

The Iraqi Army took full control of Kirkuk on 16 October after the Pershmerga withdrew.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

The Iraqi Army took control of Sinjar completely on 17 October from Peshmerga forces.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

The Iraqi Army took full control of al-Qa'im on November 3, during the campaign in Western Iraq.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

The Iraqi Army took full control of Rawah on 17 November. [131]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

The Iraqi Army officially controlled all areas of the country on December 9 after taking over the last militant-occupied defensive stronghold in the al-Jazira desert bordering Syria, while simultaneously ending the Iraqi Civil War. [132]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

ISIS militants continued guerrilla warfare after they were defeated in Iraq.


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

Human rights Nearly about 19,000 civilians have been killed in Iraq in violence linked to ISIS between January 2014 to October 2015. [133]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

ISIS executed up to 1,700 Iraqi Navy cadets who were Shiite Muslims from Camp Speicher near Tikrit on June 12, 2014. [134]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

The Yazidi genocide by ISIS has resulted in the occurrence of expulsions, escapes and exiles that have effectively adversely affected the Yazidi people from their ancestral lands in northern Iraq. [135]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

According to Newsweek, Amnesty International claims that “Iraqi government forces and paramilitary militias have tortured, arbitrarily detained, and forcibly wiped out and killed thousands of civilians who had run away leaving power of the ISIS militant group”. [136]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

The report, entitled '', alleges that thousands of Iraqi Sunni Islamist men and boys were forcibly obliterated by Iraqi government forces and militias. [137]


Question: Who is the chairman of the Kurdish Peshmerga force, the PKK?

Iraqi Civil War (2014—present)

See also 2 Blow behind Iranian-led Intervention in Iraq Operation Shader Syrian Civil War U.S.-led intervention in Iraq Operation Chammal Massacre Sinjar Genocide Yazidi Battle for Mosul Dam Military intervention against ISIS Use of chemical weapons in War Iraqi Brothers Sinjar Attacks 2014 Casualties in the Iraqi insurgency (2011—present) Reference Outside links Media related to the Iraqi Civil War at Wikimedia Commons, by Scott Anderson, New York Times (11 August 2016) Category:Islamic State of Iraq and Sham Category:Articles containing videorecording Category:Civil war of the 2010s Category:Iraq in the 2010s Category:Iraqi Kurdistan in the 2010s Category:Conflicts of the 2010s Category:Arab Winter in Iraq Category:Brother warfare in Iraq Category:Overflow of the Syrian Civil War Category:War involving Islamic State of Iraq and Sham Category:Wars involving Peshmerga Category:Wars involving Iraq


Question: when was the Assamese script created first?

United Kingdom

JMPL|National Anthem of the Republic of Indonesia JMPL|National Anthem of the Republic of Indonesia (Vocal) Indonesia Raya is the national anthem of the Republic of Indonesia.


Question: when was the Assamese script created first?

United Kingdom

The song was first introduced by its composer, Wage Rudolf Soepratman, on 28 October 1928 at the time of the II Youth Congress in Batavia.


Question: when was the Assamese script created first?

United Kingdom

The song signified the birth of the archipelago nationalism movement in Indonesia that supported the idea of one “Indonesia” as the successor to the Dutch East Indies, rather than being broken up into several colonies.


Question: when was the Assamese script created first?

United Kingdom

The first stanza of Indonesia Raya was chosen as the national anthem when Indonesia proclaimed its independence on 17 August 1945.


Question: when was the Assamese script created first?

United Kingdom

Indonesia Raya played at the flag ceremony.


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The Indonesian flag is raised solemnly and the movements arranged so that the flag reaches the top of the flagpole when the song ends.


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The main flag ceremony is held annually on 17 August to commemorate Indonesia's independence day.


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The ceremony was presided over by the President of Indonesia.


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Everyone who is present at the time when the National Anthem is listened and/or sung, must stand upright in a respectful attitude. [1]


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Members of the Military in uniform usually perform salutes by raising their right hand at the time when the national anthem is listened/sung.


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History When publishing Indonesia Raya in 1928, Wage Rudolf Soepratman clearly wrote the “national anthem” under the title of Indonesia Raya.


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The text of the song Indonesia Raya was published first by the Sin Po newspaper, while the first recording was owned by a businessman named Yo Kim Tjan.


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After being convened in 1928 before the participants of the II Youth Congress with violins, the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies immediately banned the mention of the national anthem for Greater Indonesia.


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Nonetheless, the young men did not trepidation.


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They sang the song saying “Your Majesty, Your Majesty!”


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(not “Merdeka, Merdeka!”) on refrein.


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However, still they consider the song to be an anthem. [2]


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Furthermore, Indonesia Raya song is always sung at every meeting of political parties.


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After Indonesia became independent, the song was designated as the national anthem emblematic of the unity of the nation.


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But when explaining the results of the controversial 2006 Indonesian Film Festival (FFI) and in the 1990s compass, Remy Sylado, a senior Indonesian culture and artist said that Indonesia Raya song is a song created in the 1600s titled Lekka Lekka Pinda Pinda.


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Kaye A. Solapung, a music observer, considered Remy's writing in Compass dated December 22, 1991.


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He said that Remy was merely repeating Amir Pasaribu's allegations in the 1950s. He also said by quoting Amir Pasaribu that in music literature, there is a song Lekka Lekka Pinda Pinda in the Netherlands, as well as Boola-Boola in the United States.


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Solaung then dissected the songs.


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According to him, Boola-boola and Lekka Lekka songs are not exactly the same as Indonesia Raya, with only eight taps of the same.


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So is the use of a distinctly different Chord.


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Thus, he concluded that Indonesia Raya did not plagiarize. [3]


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The manuscript on the newspaper Sin Po (1928) The Indonesian Song Raya was created by WR Supratman and first performed in public at the Youth Congress 28 October 1928 in Jakarta (at the age of 25), and disseminated by Sin Po newspaper in the November 1928 issue.


Question: when was the Assamese script created first?

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The script was written by WR Supratman with C Tone Ladder (natural) and with notes Djangan Terlaloe Tjepat, while in other sources it has been written by WR Supratman on the G Tone Ladder (according to the general ability of people to sing at the range a - e) and with the rhythm of Marcia, Jos Cleber (1950) transcribe with the rhythm of Maestoso con bravura (metronome speed 104). [4]


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The arrangement of Jos Cleber's symphony (1950) Musically, this song has been glorified — precisely — by a Dutchman (or Belgian) named Jos Cleber (at that time he was 34) who closed in 1999 at the age of 83.


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After receiving the request of the Head of Studio RRI Jakarta is Jusuf Ronodipuro since 1950, Jos Cleber also compiled a new arrangement, which he made refinement after also receiving input from President Soekarno.


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Original recording (1950) and re-recording (1997) Original recordings from Jos Cleber since 1950 from Jakarta Philharmonic Orchestra have been recorded in stereo sound in Bandar Lampung since inauguration by President Soeharto since January 1, 1992 and recorded back digitally in Australia since coinciding in the Riots in May 1998 which was arranged by Jos Cleber stored at RRI Jakarta by the Victoria Philharmonic Orchestra under conductor by Addie Muljadi Sumaatmadja in collaboration with Twilite Orchestra which was released debut first album by Simfoni Negeriku whose duration is for 1-minute 47-seconds. [4]


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Original lyrics, spelling 1958, and Perfected Spelling (EYD) Original lyrics (1928) INDONESIA RAJA [2] I Indonesia, land of airkoe, Tanah toempah darahkoe, There akoe stand, Mendguard Pandoe Iboekoe.


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Indonesia nationality, nationality of the land of airkoe, Let us have a seroe: “Indonesia Bersatoe”.


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Hidoeplah tanahkoe, Hidoeplah neg'rikoe, Bangsakoe, djiwakoe, semoea, Bangoenlah rajatnja, Bangoenlah badannja, Oentoek Indonesia Raja.


Question: when was the Assamese script created first?

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II Indonesia, land jang moelia, Land we jang kaja, There is akoe hidoep, Oentoek s'long-manja.


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Indonesia, Poesaka land, Poesaka we semoea, Let us pray: “Indonesia Bahagia”.


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Soeboerlah tanahnja, Soeboerlah djiwanja, Bangsanja, rajatnja, semoeanja, Sedarlah hatinja, Sedarlah boedinja, Oentoek Indonesia Raja.


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III Indonesia, the land of jang soetji, For us here, that's where we stand, guard Iboe sedjati.


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Indonesia, radiant land, Tanah jang terkoetjintai, Let us berdjandji: “Indonesia Bersatoe” s'Lamakan rajatnja, S'lamaku poet'ranja, Poelaoenja, laoetnja, semoea, Madjoelah neg'rinja, Madjoelah Pandoenja, Oentoek Indonesia Raja.


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Refrain Indones', Indones', Moelia, Moelia, Tanahkoe, neg'rikoe jang koetjinta.


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Indones', Indones', Moelia, Moelia, Hidoeplah Indonesia Raja.


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Official lyrics (1958) INDONESIA RAJA [5] I Indonesia my homeland, The land spilled my blood, There I stand, Djadi guide my mother.


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Indonesia my nationality, my nation and my homeland, Let us cry out, Indonesia united.


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Live my land, Live Neg'riku, My People, Rajatku, Sem'wanja, Arise djiwanja, Arise badannja, For Indonesia King.


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II Indonesia, the land of noble jang, our land jang kaja, that's where I stand, For s'long-spoiled.


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Indonesia, the land of heirlooms, our P'saka all, Let us pray, Indonesia happy.


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Suburlah tanahnja, Suburlah djiwanja, Bangsanja, Rajatnja, Sem'wanja, Sadarlah hatinja, Sadarlah budinja, For Indonesia Raja.


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III Indonesia, land jang sutji, Land we jang sakti, There I stand, Ndjaga mother sedjati.


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Indonesia, radiant land, Tanah jang I sajangi, Let us berdjandji, Indonesia is eternal.


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S'lamalah rakjatnja, S'lamalah putranja, Pulaunja, lautnja, sem'wanja, Madjulah Neg'rinja, Madjulah pandunja, For Indonesia King.


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Refrain Indonesia King, Merdeka, independence, Land, neg'riku jang kutjinta!


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Indonesia King, independent, independent, live Indonesia King.


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Lyrics modern INDONESIA RAYA [6] I Indonesia my homeland, The land spilled my blood, That's where I stand, So guide my mother.


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Live my land, Live my country, my people, my people, all, Arise his soul, Build his body, For Greater Indonesia.


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II Indonesia, the glorious land, our rich land, there I stand, for ever.


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Indonesia, the land of heirlooms, our heirlooms all, Let us pray, Indonesia happy.


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Suburst his land, Suburst his soul, his people, his people, all, be aware of his heart, be aware of his buddy, For Greater Indonesia.


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III Indonesia, the holy land, our holy land, that is where I stand, Take care of the true mother.


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Indonesia, the radiant land, the land I care about, Let us promise, Indonesia is eternal.


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Save his people, save his son, his island, his sea, everything, advance his country, go forward his guide, for Greater Indonesia.


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Refrain Indonesia Greater, Merdeka, independence, my land, my country I love!


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Indonesia Raya, Merdeka, independence, Live Indonesia Greater.


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The notation of the Indonesian National Anthem Protocol and its use is stipulated in Government Regulation No.44 of 1958. [7]


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Everyone present at the time when the National Anthem is listened and/or sung, must stand upright in a respectful attitude. [8]


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See also List of Anthem Wage Rudolf Soepratman Indonesia Raja (album) Reference Outside link Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


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Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


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Category:National Anthem Category:Indonesia


Question: What is plasma nutfah?

Plasma nutfah

Plasma nutfah is a substance carrying hereditary properties that can be intact organs or parts of plants or animals as well as renik bodies.


Question: What is plasma nutfah?

Plasma nutfah

Plasma nutfah is a natural wealth that is very valuable for the advancement of science and technology to support national development.


Question: What is plasma nutfah?

Plasma nutfah

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Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

General of the military (Purn.)


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

Gatot Soebroto () is a figure of Indonesian military struggle in seizing independence and also a national hero of Indonesia.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

He was buried in Ungaran, Semarang regency.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

History Setamat primary education at Hollandsch-Inlandsche School (HIS), Gatot Subroto did not proceed to a higher level, but chose to become a clerk.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

But shortly afterwards in 1923 entered the military school het Koninklijke Nederlands (ch) -Indische Leger (KNIL) in Magelang.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

Once a sergeant class II when sent in Padang Panjang for five years, Gatot Subroto was then sent to Sukabumi to attend further education, masose education.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

Gatot Subroto is known as a solider soldier against the small people despite working as a Dutch and Japanese army.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

He was considered an example of a leader worthy of appreciation thanks to his services.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

Joining the KNIL makes Gatot Subroto understand and understand how a soldier should act.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

After Japan occupied Indonesia, Gatot Subroto also attended the education of Defenders of the Fatherland (PETA), a Japanese-owned military organization that recruited indigenous soldiers to fight, in Bogor.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

It was there that Gatot Subroto's career began to crawl up.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

After graduating from Peta education, he was appointed company commander in Banyumas before finally being appointed battalion commander.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

After independence, Gatot Subroto chose to enter the People's Security Army (TKR) and his career continued until he was trusted as Commander of Division II, Commander of Military Police Corps, and Military Governor of Surakarta and surrounding areas.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

During his time as company commander and battalion commander, Gatot Subroto was considered often impartial to the indigenous people.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

That is what often gets him reprimanded by his superiors.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

However, that does not mean often get reprimands from superiors make Gatot Subroto kapok and obedient to orders.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

That is precisely what makes Gatot Subroto get a fresh breeze to simply 'scare and threat' the Japanese side.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

At that time, he threatened that he resign as company commander by throwing his war weapon attributes.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

Seeing Gatot Subroto's bold actions, his superiors then passed what Gatot Subroto did, namely siding with indigenous especially small people.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

He also opposed Japan if it was arbitrarily and abusive towards his men.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

After Indonesian independence was successfully obtained, Gatot Subroto then formed the People's Security Army (TKR) which was the forerunner of the name of the Indonesian National Army which exists today.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

TKR is led by Col.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

Sudirman where then Gatot Subroto served as Chief of Siasat and changed to Commander Devisi with the rank of Colonel after his resounding achievements in the battle of Ambarawa.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

In 1948 there was a Madiun event or Madiun Affairs involving the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and Indonesian National Army.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

The rebellion was in the Madiun area of East Java, which later ended up being well overcome by the TKR under the leadership of Gatot Subroto.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

When fighting the PKI, Gatot Subroto launched a military operation in order to restore security.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

In the west, Gatot who was appointed Military Governor of Region II (Semarang-Surakarta) on 15 September 1948, as well as troops from Siliwangi Division, while from the east were attacked by troops from Division I, under the leadership of Colonel Soengkono, who was appointed Military Governor of Java East, dated 19 September 1948, as well as the Mobil Brigade Besar (MBB) of East Java, under the leadership of M. Yasin.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

Commander-in-Chief Soedirman said to the government, that the military can eliminate the forces supporting Muso within 2 weeks.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

It is true, the core strength of Muso's supporting forces can be destroyed in a short time.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

On September 30, 1948, the town of Madiun can be completely controlled.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

The Republican troops coming from the east and the troops coming from the west, met at the Merdeka hotel in Madiun.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

But the leadership of the leftist group along with some of their supporting troops, escaped and fled in several directions, so could not be immediately captured.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

It was only at the end of November 1948 that the entire leadership and forces supporting Muso were killed or able to be captured.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

Eleven leftist group leaders, including Amir Sharifuddin Harahap, former Prime Minister of the Republic of Indonesia, were executed on 20 December 1948 at the tomb of Ngalihan, by order of Col.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

Gatot Subroto.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

Not much different from the existing insurgency in Java, in South Sulawesi there was also an insurgency of South Sulawesi Guerrilla Unity (KGSS) led by Kahar Muzakar in 1952.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

Again because he was judged to be good at installing strategy, Gatot Subroto was given to defeat the rebel forces and returned home with victory.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

Not only victory, the rebels also managed to persuade him to return in the ranks of TKR.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

Thanks to his efforts, Gatot Subroto was appointed Commander of Armies & Territorium (T&T) IV Diponegoro in the same year.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

During his lead, Gatot Subroto was known as a disciplined, resolute, courageous leader, and defended the oppressed.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

So, in 1953, when there was a riot in the state palace as a result of people's demands for the dissolution of parliament being rejected, Gatot Subroto who was accused of masterminding the riots immediately resigned from his position at once from military service.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

In 1953, he resigned from military service, but three years later was reactivated while simultaneously being appointed Deputy Chief of Army Staff (Wakasad) in 1956.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

Through his hands, he succeeded in crippling the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia-Perdjuangan Rakjat Semesta (PRRI/Permesta) that existed in Sumatra and North Sulawesi.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

On 11 June 1962, Gatot Subroto died at the age of 54.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

The last rank he captained was Lieutenant General.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

He was the initiator of the need for a combined military academy (Army, Air Force, Navy) to foster young officers.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

The idea was realized with the establishment of the Academy of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia in 1965.


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

Completing his rank, a week after he was buried in the village of Mulyoharjo, Ungaran, Central Java, the title of Hero of National Independence according to the Decree of the President of the Republic of Indonesia No.283 dated 18 June 1962 was pinned to him. [1]


Question: when did General of the Army Gatot Soebroto enter the military?

Gatot Soebroto

See also Mohammad (Bob) Hasan Abdul Haris Nasution Soeharto Outside Pranala (in Indonesian) Reference Note Category:Commander-in-Chief Military Regional Command VII/Wirabuana Category:Indonesian national heroes Category:Figures of Banyumas Category:Central Java Figures Category:Javanese Figures Category:Heroes National Independence Category:Commander of Military Regional Command IV/Diponegoro


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Yom Kippur War, known also by the name Ramadan War or October War (Hebrew: מלחמת יום הקיפורים MilEmet Yom HaKipurim or מלחמת יום קיפוריפורים MilEmet Yom Kipur; Arabic: حرب أكتوبر ḥarb ʿUktōbar or حرب تشرين ḥarb Tišrīn) was a war that took place on 6 - 26 October 1973 between the state of Israel against a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

This war ended in the defeat of the Arab states.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

The course of the war On October 6, 1973, on Yom Kippur, the greatest Jewish holiday, when the Jews were solemnly celebrating, which also coincided with the month of Ramadan for the Islamic ummat so called “Ramadan War 1973", Syria, Libya and Egypt invaded Israel abruptly.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

In the Golan Heights, an Israeli defensive line of only 180 tanks had to face off with 1400 Syrian tanks.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

While in the Suez Canal, less than 500 Israeli soldiers faced off against 80,000 Egyptian soldiers.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Egypt took lessons on the Six-Day War in 1967 about weak air defenses so that back then 3/4 of Egypt's air power was completely destroyed while Syria was still able to provide resistance.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Aware that Egypt's fleet of warplanes still uses more old technology compared to Israel, Egypt finally implemented an air umbrella strategy by using mobile anti-attack missiles and cannons whose firing range is combined.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

The Israeli air force eventually overwhelmed even as many were victimized as it attempted to penetrate the “nets” of those air defenses.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

At the onset of the war, Israel was forced to withdraw its troops.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

But after mobilizing the reserve army, they could hit the invasion army to deep in Egypt and Syria.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Israel managed to “tame” the Egyptian air umbrella which turned out to be slow in accompanying the forward movement of its entry, by directly filling the gap between the air umbrella with troops already further ahead.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

As a result some Egyptian divisions were trapped even running out of supplies.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

While on the eastern front, Israel managed to hold off a Syrian armored attack.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Seeing Egypt suffer defeat, the Soviet Union did not stay still. Seeing the actions of the Soviet Union, the United States immediately prepared its strength.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Later, King Faisal bin Abdul Aziz of Saudi Arabia announced restrictions on oil production.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

An energy crisis arose and industrialized countries were overwhelmed as world oil prices soared.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Two weeks after the war began, the United Nations Security Council convened and passed resolution 339 as well as a ceasefire and hereby prevented the total defeat of Egypt.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

In total 2,688 Israeli soldiers were killed and approximately 7,000 injured, 314 Israeli soldiers were made prisoners of war and dozens of Israeli soldiers were missing (17 of whom even as of 2003 were unaccounted for).


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

The Israeli army lost 102 warplanes and approximately 800 tanks.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

On the Egyptian and Syrian side 35,000 soldiers were killed and more than 15,000 injured. 8300 soldiers were taken captive.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

The Egyptian Air Force lost 235 warplanes and Syria 135.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

End of Israeli War After the war ended, there were many protests in Israel to the point that Prime Minister Golda Meir and Defense Minister Moshe Dayan of the Labor Party as well as the Commander-in-Chief of the Israeli Armed Forces, David Eliazar, had to resign.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Israel took lessons technologically and the strategy of the post war Yom Kippur.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Regularly Israel modernizes its armed forces both with the help of the United States and self-help.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Civil aircraft detonation incidents at Lebanese airports carried out by Mossad agents in the late 1970s in retaliation of the “Black September” events, wherein Israeli Olympians athletes were killed by “PLO guerrillas” in Munich, West Germany, caused France to wander weaponry to Israel.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Because it's worried that the United States is doing the same.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Israel strives to make attempts at weaponry self-sufficiency.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Among them producing unlicensed Mirage III fighter aircraft known as the Dagger type used by Argentina in the Falkland War, conducting radar and radio wave jamming research, producing self-designed fighter aircraft Kfir and Lavi, and producing Merkava tanks designed based on Israel's experience operating United States and British tanks as well as damaged or deprived opposing tanks.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

This Israeli readiness was evident in the Invasion of South Lebanon in 1982 which successfully occupied the South Lebanon area as well as destroying the strength of the Syrian Air Force in the Beka'a Valley Incident of Egypt and the Middle East Although Egypt had lost the war again but this war at least could cheer a little and treat a little of their honour and self-confidence after losing the Six-Day War in 1967.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Egypt briefly managed to enter Israeli territory although eventually lost the ensuing battle which ended with the defeat of Egypt and the Arab states.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

When the Israeli army withdrew from Port Sa'id, the Egyptian population with massive marches and vocations and parties entered the city.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Israel then withdrew from all Sinai regions after Egypt agreed to create bufferzones.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Pro Arab countries nonetheless claimed Egypt and the Arab world as winners arguing on the first day of the war, Arab forces managed to break through Israel's skimpy defensive lines of guard.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

In 1978 at Camp David, United States, was agreed a treaty known as the Camp David Accords in which Israel promised to withdraw all the way to international borders and in which the entire Sinai area became a demilitarized area and was handed over to Egypt.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

The second agreement to be agreed on matters related to the rights of the Palestinians, but was rejected by Palestinian leaders (PLO).


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

A year later a peace agreement was signed by Menachem Begin, Jimmy Carter and Anwar Sadat who were jointly awarded the Nobel award for peace.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

The agreement is sponsored by the United States.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

As a result of the signing of this agreement, Anwar Sadat came under pressure from the country, especially from Islamic fundamentalist groups and Egyptian students which led Anwar Sadat to take repressive actions which received condemnation because there were many human rights violations.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

As a result of this act anyway, Anwar Sadat was eventually killed in a Military parade on the 8th anniversary of the Yom Kippur war.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

After the war was over, Anwar Sadat admitted that he deliberately waged war on Israel with the aim to distract the Egyptian people from the burden of economic hardship and divert the people's anger due to rampant corruption & nepotism among Egyptian officials.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

The Palestinian position after the 1973 Yom Kippur war is increasingly unclear.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Especially after Jordan, the land occupied by most Palestinians took a neutral stance as a result of its defeat in the 1967 Six-Day War that caused Jordan to lose the West Bank and East Jerussalem.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

This Jordanian attitude, caused outrage among Palestinians, especially from the PLO which was then based there.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Because the PLO acted as an inner-state state in Jordan and planned to coup the then King of Jordan to avoid security instability, King Hussein bin Talal eventually took a repressive stance by expelling the PLO from his country.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

The PLO eventually moved to Lebanon and Tunisia.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

Syria itself suffered considerable losses, but eventually Syria signed a ceasefire agreement with Israel but did not enter into a peace treaty, especially before the Golan Heights region was returned by Israel in the 1967 war.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

The Golan plateau itself was eventually set unilaterally by Israel with the support of the United States.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

However, Syria's attitude towards Palestine is more or less the same as Jordan's attitude led to upheavals especially with Islamic fundamentalists, especially those based in the city of Hama.


Question: What caused the Yom Kippur War?

Yom Kippur War

This upheaval continued when Hafez Al Assad took increasingly violent repressive measures culminating in the events of the Hama massacre in the late 1970s decade. Category Reference:History of Israel Yom Kippur


Question: Who was the first president of the United States?

List of President of the United States

Under the United States Constitution, the President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the state of the United States.


Question: Who was the first president of the United States?

List of President of the United States

As head of the executive branch and head of the federal government as a whole, the president is the highest political office in the United States by influence and recognition.


Question: Who was the first president of the United States?

List of President of the United States

The President is also the Commander-in-Chief of the United States Armed Forces.


Question: Who was the first president of the United States?

List of President of the United States

The President is elected indirectly for a four-year term by the Commission (referred to as English: Electoral College) or by the House of Representatives (English: House of Representatives) if the Electoral College fails to determine an absolute majority of votes for each candidate.


Question: Who was the first president of the United States?

List of President of the United States

Since the ratification of the 22nd Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1951. [1]


Question: Who was the first president of the United States?

List of President of the United States

The President must be at least 35 years old and “born” a citizen of the United States.