Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

Luther and Music, trans. by Frida Best and Ralph Wood.


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

New York: Russell & Russell, 1967, Cop. 1948. vii, 174 p.


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

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Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

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Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

Reu, Johann Michael (1917).


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

Thirty-five Years of Luther Research.


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

Chicago: Wartburg Publishing House.


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

Schalk, Carl F. (1988).


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

Luther on Music: Paradigms of Praise.


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

Saint Louis, Mo.: Concordia Publishing House.


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

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Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

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Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

Stang, William (1883).


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

The Life of Martin Luther.


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

Eighth ed.


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

New York: Pustet & Co. N.B.:


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

This is a work of Roman Catholic polemical nature.


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

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Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

Warren Washburn Florer, Ph.D (1912, 2012)., George Wahr, The Ann Arbor Press, Ann Arbor, Mich. Reprint 2012: Nabu Press, ISBN1278818197 ISBN9781278818191 External link Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

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Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

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Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. at Post-Reformation Digital Library Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

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Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

The Mutopia Project has compositions by Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

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Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

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Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

Manuscript of Luther's first lecture as Professor of Theology at the University of Wittenberg, digital version at the Saxon State and University Library, Dresden (SLUB) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

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Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

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Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

Martin Luther Collection: Early works attributed to Martin Luther, (285 titles).


Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

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Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

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Question: Who was the founder of the Catholic League?

Martin Luther

Category:Bible Translators Category:Protestanism Category:German Christian Figures Category:German Theologi


Question: What is the sense of vertebrate animals?

Vertebrates

Vertebrates are a subphylum of Chordata, encompassing all animals that have a spine composed of vertebrae.


Question: What is the sense of vertebrate animals?

Vertebrates

Vertebrates are the largest subphylum of Chordata.


Question: What is the sense of vertebrate animals?

Vertebrates

Into vertebrates can be inserted all kinds of fish (except well-lit, jeung eels, “sea leeches”, or hagfish), amphibia, reptiles, birds, as well as nursing animals.


Question: What is the sense of vertebrate animals?

Vertebrates

With the exception of these types of fish, vertebrates are known to have two pairs of limbs.


Question: What is the sense of vertebrate animals?

Vertebrates

Vertebrates have muscular systems that consist of mass pairs, as well as a central nervous system usually located within the spine.


Question: What is the sense of vertebrate animals?

Vertebrates

The respiration system uses gills or lungs.


Question: What is the sense of vertebrate animals?

Vertebrates

Classification Classification according to Janvier (1981, 1997), Shu et al. (2003), and Benton (2004). [1]


Question: What is the sense of vertebrate animals?

Vertebrates

Note that in it does not include well-lit, a type of marine fish but does not have true vertebrae, so not all fish are vertebrates.


Question: What is the sense of vertebrate animals?

Vertebrates

The sign “†” means “already extinct”.


Question: What is the sense of vertebrate animals?

Vertebrates

Subphylum Vertebrate (Unstatus) Hyperoartia (lamprey, including uncrotched vertebrates) Class Conodonta Subclass Pteraspidomorphi Class Thelodonti† Class Anaspida† Class Galeaspida† Class Pituriaspida† Class Osteostraci† Infraphylum Gnathostomates (Crowded vertebrates) Class Dermi (fish shield-headed from Paleozoic times) † Class Chondrichthyes (prone bony fish: sharks and stingrays) Class Acanthodii (spiny sharks from Paleozoic times) † Superclass Osteichthyes (true bony fish: includes almost all important fish known to people) Class Actinopterygii (fan-finned fish) Class Sarcopterygii (cup-finned fish/fleshy finned fish) Subclass Coelacanthimorpha (coelacanth) † Subclass Dipnoi (lungfish) Subclass Tetrapodomorpha (ancestor of all tetrapods) † Superclass Tetrapoda (four-limbed vertebrates) Class Amphibia Series Amniota (amniotic animals) Class Sauropsios Class Da ( reptilia and poultry) Class Aves (poultry) Class Synapsida (mammal-like reptilia) Class Mammal (mammals) Outside links Footnotes See also Avertebrata Category:Animals Category:Chordata


Question: What is the music used in the art of Dayak dance?

Brackets

Kukurung is a traditional music in the traditional feast of planting rice Dayak tribe in Betung Village, North Pamukan District, Kotabaru Regency.


Question: What is the music used in the art of Dayak dance?

Brackets

Music in this indigenous feast is almost extinct and very rare, in South Kalimantan.


Question: What is the music used in the art of Dayak dance?

Brackets

The music is only in the village of Betung and in the district Piani, Tapin, Tapin Regency.


Question: What is the music used in the art of Dayak dance?

Brackets

This music is only performed at the time of planting rice and it does not take place every year, maybe only 5 or 10 years more depending on the intention of the citizens who will hold a party and the kukurung can not be sounded other than before and at the time when the rice planting party takes place.


Question: What is the music used in the art of Dayak dance?

Brackets

Kukurung music, made of long bamboo which at the top is given a special wooden rod that can produce sounds.


Question: What is the music used in the art of Dayak dance?

Brackets

Kukurung consists of 5 bamboo sticks, under which there is ulin wood to make a planting hole.


Question: What is the music used in the art of Dayak dance?

Brackets

Each stem in Dayak Samihim language in Betung Village has a specific name, for the lowest tone (bass) named buan, followed by long, rengkut kuteng, tangkii and tangkup.


Question: What is the music used in the art of Dayak dance?

Brackets

How to play it, namely by mashing bamboo sticks into the ground or shaking them so that a really distinctive Dayak music rhythm is formed.


Question: What is the music used in the art of Dayak dance?

Brackets

Each has a rhythm like sabuan consisting of song balindungan batung, balindungan bujit, balindungan handak, balindungan kuhau, kujah grandiose, kujah jauk, kujah kumpai, buan pinsai, jalamu tumbang, buan dinge, grilled duyu, gundung baleng.


Question: What is the music used in the art of Dayak dance?

Brackets

Tank consists of kujah kutur song, petek wulu, bumbulung ngukur, hill tank, Tangkup consists of puput putak song, kuluwur putuk, and ragum rara.


Question: What is the music used in the art of Dayak dance?

Brackets

Outlinks on YouTube Unique Kukurung Music and Traditional Rituals Before Planting Rice Dayak Samihim on YouTube Dance Brackets Dayak Deah Category:Dayak Category:North Pamukan, Kotabaru Category:Piani, Tapin Category:Art in Indonesia


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Information Technology (IT), or in English known as Information technology (IT) is a general term for any technology that assists humans in creating, changing, storing, communicating and/or disseminating information.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

IT brings together high-speed computing and communications for data, voice, and video.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Examples of Information Technology are not only personal computers, but also telephones, TVs, electronic household appliances, and modern mobile devices (e.g. mobile phones). [1]


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

In a business context, the Information Technology Association of America describes the processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, text and numerical information by microelectronics based combinations of computing and telecommunications. [2]


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

The term in the modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review, in which authors Leavitt and Whisler commented that “new technologies do not yet have a single established name.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

We're going to call it information technology (IT).


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

3] Some of the emerging modern fields of information technology are the next generation of web technology, bioinformatics, “Cloud Computing”, global information systems, Large-scale knowledge base and others.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

History At the beginning of history, humans exchanged information through language.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

So language is technology, language allows one to understand information conveyed by others but it does not last long because Once the speech is done, then the information that is in the hands of the recipient will be forgotten and cannot be stored for long.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

In addition the range of sounds is also limited.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

After that information delivery technology developed through images.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

With images the range of information can be further.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

This image can be carried and conveyed to others.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

In addition the existing information will last longer.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Some images of relics of antiquity still exist today so that humans can now (try to) understand the information the maker wants to convey.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

The discovery of the Arabic alphabet and numerals facilitated a more efficient way of information delivery than the previous way.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

An image representing an event is created with a combination of alphabet, or by writing numbers, such as MCMXLIII replaced with 1943.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Technology with this alphabet makes it easy to write that information.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Later, printing technology enabled even faster delivery of information.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Electronic technologies such as radios, televisions, computers result in information becoming more quickly spread over a larger area and longer stored.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

General information JMPL|Ka|400px|Information and Communication technology 2005 IT is a field of technology management and covers a wide range of fields including but not limited to things such as processes, computer software, information systems, computer hardware, program languages, and data construction.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

In short, what makes data, information or knowledge perceived in any visual format, through any multimedia distribution mechanism, is considered part of IT.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

TI provides businesses with four sets of core services to help execute business strategies: business processes automation, delivering information, connecting with customers, and productivity tools.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

IT performs various functions (IT Disciplines/Competencies) from installing Applications to designing computer networks and information databases.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Some of the tasks that IT performs may include data management, networking, computer hardware engineering, database and software design, as well as overall system management and administration.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Information technology began to spread further than conventional personal computer and networking technologies, and more into the integration of other technologies such as the use of mobile phones, televisions, automobiles, and more, which increased the demand for jobs.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

In the past, para (Accreditation Council for Engineering and Technology) and the Association for Computing Machinery have cooperated to establish accreditation and curriculum standards [4] for degree programs in Information Technology as a field of study compared [5] with Computer Science and Systems Information.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

SIGITE (Special Interest Group for IT Education) [6] is the ACM working group to define this standard.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Worldwide IT services revenues amounted to $763,000,000,000 in 2009. [7]


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Growth and technological capacity Hilbert and Lopez [8] identified an exponential pace of technological change (a kind of Moore's law): 'application-specific machines for calculating per-capita information capacity had approximately doubled every 14 months between 1986-2007; per-capita capacity in the general purpose computer world has doubled every 18 months for the same two decades, per-capita global telecommunications capacity doubled every 34 months; world storage capacity per capita required about 40 months to double (every 3 years); and broadcast information per capita has doubled approximately every 12.3 years. [8]


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

See also Information Technology Communication System (ICT) Computer Science Programming Language Internet Terms Indonesia Computer Hardware Software Reference Advanced reading Adelman, C. (2000).


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

A Parallel Post-secondary Universe: The Certification System in Information Technology.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Allen, T., and M. S. Morton, eds. 1994.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Information Technology and the Corporation of the 1990s.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

New York: Oxford University Press.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Shelly, Gary, Cashman, Thomas, Vermaat, Misty, and Walker, Tim. (1999).


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Discovering Computers 2000: Concepts for a Connected World.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Cambridge, Massachusetts: Course Technology.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Webster, Frank, and Robins, Kevin. (1986).


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Information Technology—A Luddite Analysis.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Norwood, N.J.: Ablex.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

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Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is Information Technology?

Information technology

Category:Applied Sciences Category:Media Technology


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

Akihito (明), (), was the 125th emperor of Japan, enthroned since 1989, succeeding his father.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

Emperor Hirohito, who died.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

Akihito was the first son and fifth child (of seven children) of Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito) and Maharani Kojun (Nagako).


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

He held the title of Tsugu no miya (; Prince Tsugu) during childhood, he was raised and taught by private teachers and later studied at Boys' Primary School and Secondary School at the time, Peers' School (Gakushuin after 1947), 1940-52.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

He was separated from his family at the age of three.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

When the city of Tokyo was bombed by the American side in March 1945, he and his young brother, Prince Masahito (now Prince Hitachi), were transferred from Tokyo.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

During the American occupation after World War II, Prince Akihito studied England with Elizabeth Gray Vining a female teacher from the United States whose main task was to introduce and teach the principles of democracy to the crown prince of Japan [1].


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

Prince Akihito lectured briefly in the Department of Political Science at Gakushuin University in Tokyo and did not receive a diploma.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

Like his father, he loved marine biology and studied it earnestly.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

He also enjoys listening to music, classical and jazz, and often plays tennis and bridge.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

Although he was the crown prince of the Seruni Flower Throne from 23 December 1933, his official inauguration as Prince (Rittaishi no Rei) took place on 10 November 1951 at the Emperor's Palace.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

In June 1953, Prince Akihito represented Japan as an envoy at the inauguration ceremony of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

On 10 April 1959, he was married to Michiko Shōda (born 20 October 1934), daughter of Shoda Hidesaburo, president of Nisshin Flour Industry commissioner.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

The marriage broke through tradition because Michiko Shoda was not the first noble descendant to marry into the royal family.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

After that, Prince Akihito and Princess Michiko held official visits to 37 countries.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

Prince Akihito ascended the throne after Emperor Hirohito died on January 7, 1989 and officially became Japan's 125th emperor on November 12, 1990.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

Since ascending the imperial throne, the Emperor has sought to bring the Emperor's family closer to Japanese society.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

He held official visits to 18 countries, including to 47 prefectures in Japan.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko were endowed with three children, Prince Naruhito (born February 23, 1960), Prince Akishino (Fumihito, born November 30, 1965) and Sayako Kuroda (formerly Sayako, Princess Nori, born April 18, 1969).


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

On February 18, 2012, Emperor Akihito underwent heart bypass surgery at Tokyo Unversitas Hospital or University of Tokyo Hospital at 09.24 local time.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

He had to undergo heart bypass surgery after examination results revealed a narrowing of his coronary blood vessels.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

During the operation and the recuperation period, Akihito's eldest son, Crown Prince Naruhito will take over official duties such as attending public ceremonies and meeting state guests [2].


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

His reign era is named after “Heisei.” The Japanese government announced in December 2017 that Akihito would step down on April 30, 2019.


Question: who are the parents of Emperor Akihito?

Akihito

See also Line of succession to the Japanese throne Japanese Emperors Footnotes Category:Emperors of Japan Category:Relatives of the Japanese empire


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Louis Alexandre Esprit Gaston Briere de l'Isle (24 June 1827 — 19 June 1897) was a French general who first achieved distinction as Governor of Senegal (1876-81), and then as chief general of the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps during the Sino-French War (August 1884—April 1885).


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Military career until 1871 Louis Briere de l'Isle was born on 4 June 1827 in Martinique.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

In 1847 he graduated from Saint-Cyr and was appointed to Sous lieutenant in the Troupes de marine, promoted to lieutenant in 1852 and captain in 1856.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

In the French colonial campaign in French Indochina, he served as adjudant major du régiment de marine (1859-1860).


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Stationed in Cochinchina from 1861 to 1866.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

In 1861 he received a citation in the ordre de l'armée for the February Battle of Kỳ Hòa, west of Saigon. [1]


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Briere de l'Isle was appointed Chef d'escadron in 1862, and inspecteur des affaires indigènes at Tây Ninh in 1863.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

At the outbreak of the French-Prussian War he was appointed Colonel, commanding the 1st Infantry Regiment at the Battle of Bazeilles [2] for which he was appointed Commander of the Légion d'honneur), and was wounded at the Battle of Sedan in 1870.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Governor of Sénégal After the war, Brière de l'Isle was appointed Governor of Sénégal from 1876 to 1881.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

He took an important role in the French conquest of Senegal.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Kanya-Forstner described him as “an authoritarian ruler who infuriated French commercial interests and turned the colony into a contemporary-military dictatorship”. [3]


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Finding the colony in severe financial difficulties, he raised taxes on imported clothing from other countries, which sought to appease large French commercial houses while alienating local interests in Saint-Louis and Dakar.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Militarily, the Senegalese colony has recently faced both rebellions in the Wolof states that are now the heart of the Senegalese coast, and the powerful states in the interior.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

The Minister of the Navy issued an order to Governor Brière de l'Isle that no new territory would be annexed.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Nonetheless, he began a series of expansions through protectorates and direct military control, unprecedented since the height of expansion under governor Louis Faidherbe (1854-1865).


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Brière de l'Isle oversaw the French conquest of West Africa to be inaugurated at the Berlin Conference of 1884, initiating the so-called “Grab of Africa”. [4]


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Expansion into Central Niger In April 1873 Brière de l'Isle, had sent Paul Soleillet to Ségou (now central Mali) to open negotiations with the rulers of Ahmadu Tall, beginning French expansion into the Middle Niger River valley.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

In March 1880, he again sent envoys to Ségou, this time led by future governor Joseph Gallieni to establish regular trade. [5]


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

In the process, Gallieni built a French fort at Bafoulabé.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Soleillet had advocated in his report on what would become the Dakar-Niger rail road, linking Senegal to central Niger at Ségou.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Brière de l'Isle was quickly won over, and found an ally in the new Minister of the navy (to whom colonial officials reported), Admiral Jean Bernard Jauréguiberry, appointed in February 1879.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

While Jauréguiberry failed to win sufficient government funding, and Gallieni's failure to build a road to Bafoulabé shook the government's resolve, the process of expanding control of the region directly eastward had begun.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Charles de Freycinet, Minister of Public Works supported the railway proposal, and in 1880, Jauréguiberry issued a decree that all work on the railways would be implemented by the Troupes de Marine. [6]


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Brière de l'Isle was committed to expanding French control over the middle Niger River valley, but unlike many of its predecessors, the French government at the end of the 1870s was more willing to sanction (or accept) the conquest of the region directly.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Ironically the merchant houses based in Saint-Louis in this period were still undecided about direct control of the hinterland, preferring to work through their own trading networks and a series of French military trading posts.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

In this way, Brière de l'Isle was representative of the later stages of French colonialism. [7]


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Final pacification of Senegal In 1876 and 1877, Brière de l'Isle ensured that the remaining Wolof leader who could offer a threat to France, the already isolated Lat Jor, blocked from any attempt to reclaim his lost territory, and consolidated control France over northwestern Senegal. [8]


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

When Jor and his Cayman kingdom rose again in 1879, France destroyed them for the last time.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

It allowed the government of Brière de l'Isle to press ahead with what had become Faidherbe's great project: the construction of the Dakar-Saint-Louis railway through the rich peanut cultivation areas of central Senegal.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

It provided transportation, security, and access to rich export crops that would be channeled through French mercantile ports. [9]


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

In October 1877, Brière de l'Isle's began a campaign in the east and south along the Senegal River aimed at Abdul Bubakar's state in the northern Fouta Djallon plateau.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Ignoring direct orders from Paris, he sent troops to attack Bubakar, forcing him to submit to the French protectorate over the provinces of Toro, Lao and Irlabé.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

French Guinea In the south (in what is now called Guinea), he began a series of raids on the Rivières du Sud occupying positions near Benty in 1879 and seizing the islands of Kakoutlaye and Matakong.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

This, with the expansion at Fouta Djallon, laid the foundation for the official creation of the colony of Rivières du Sud in 1882.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Conflict with the Toucouleur Empire In 1878 he sent other French troops to the state of Kaarta Toucouleur along the north bank of the Senegal River.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Again blocked by the colonial minister in Paris, he argued that they were a threat to the Senegalese kingdom of Futa Tooro (which was then a French client state) with which the British were prepared to interfere.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

The ministry, under Jauréguiberry, surrendered and on 7 July 1878, French forces destroyed the fortress of Tokolor at Sabouciré, killing their leader, Almany Niamody.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

This part of the vassal state of Kaarta was later incorporated into the Khasso Wolof protectorate kingdom. [10]


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

The Toucouleur Empire of the Toucouleur Empire by France.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

While the Siege of Fort Medina in 1857 had helped persuade the imperial founder El Hadj Umar Tall to turn his attention to the east of the Senegal River valley, France had little contact with the conquest state since.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

This allowed first Faidherbe and then Brière de l'Isle to be free in what is now called Senegal.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Brière de l'Isle's tenure marked not only the consolidation of French control over Senegal, but also an eastward push.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

This same commitment to military expansion led to the dismissal of Brière de l'Isle when the political winds in Paris changed.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Admiral Georges Charles Cloué was appointed Minister of the Navy in 1881, and the Governor was warned that the expansion of the railway line to the Niger River was a low priority, to be suppressed by civilian (business) interests only, eliminating the involvement of Marines in construction.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Cloué ordered the governor to cease military operations pushing east of Kita.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Within weeks, Brière de l'Isle ordered his military protégé Lieutenant Colonel Gustave Borgnis-Desbordes to launch a punitive expedition to Niger and seize the small town of Bamako.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Brière de l'Isle was called back on 11 March 1881 in response.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

In late 1881 Senegal had its first civil governor, Marie Auguste Deville de Perière. [11]


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Foundations for the French conquest of Soudan While it fell to Borgnis-Desbordes, Joseph Gallieni and Louis Archinard to lead the conquest of the central Niger region, Brière de l'Isle began an advance, and oversaw the creation of the military region “Senegal Upstream” (Haut-Senegal) territory on the 27th February 1880.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

This created institutional conditions, as did Brière de l'Isle that implementing government restrictions sparked martial culture, for independent action and imperial expansion by the officers in the field.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

One historian has written that the creation of Haut-Sénéga</i>l:... marked the apparent beginning of a phase of French expansion in Africa which was christened “military imperialism” by Kanya-Forstner.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Over the next twenty years sea commanders, rather than government ministers, would determine the pace and rate of French expansion along the road to Timbuktu. [12] Giving his military commanders adequate protection to act unilaterally (if not lawfully), the region quickly expanded through conquest to the east, and was renamed the French Sudan in 1890.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Tonkin left|JMPL|230x230px|Tomb of General Brière de l'Isle Promoted as brigadier (général de brigade) in 1881, Brière de l'Isle was given command of the 1st Brigade of the Tonkin Expeditionary Corp in February 1884, during the French expedition to Tonkin (now northern Vietnam).


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

In March 1884 he expelled the Chinese from Trung Son heights and drove out the right wing of the Guangxi Forces in the Bắc Ninh Campaign.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

In recognition of his services in Bắc Ninh, he was appointed Grand Officer de la Legion d'honneur in April.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

In April 1884 he defeated Hưng Hóa's defences with the 1st Brigade while General Oscar de Négrier's 2nd Brigade repaired it in front, forcing Liu Yongfu to withdraw the Black Flag Troops from the city before his army was cut off.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

The march of Brière de l'Isle's flank on Hưng Hóa allowed the French to occupy the most heavily guarded Black Flag fortress in Tonkin without losing a single one. [13]


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

In September 1884, shortly after the outbreak of the Sino-French War (August 1884-April 1885), he replaced General Charles-Théodore Millot as general in the Tonkin Expeditionary Corp.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

In October 1884 he defeated a massive Chinese invasion of the Tonkin Delta in the Kep Campaign.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

In January 1885 he was promoted to general of division (général de division).


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

In February 1885 he commanded both brigades of the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps in the Lạng Sơn Campaign, defeating the Chinese Guangxi Army and capturing the strategic and important border town of Lạng Sơn.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

This campaign, which required months of preparation, was perhaps the greatest military achievement of his career.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Immediately after the capture of Lạng Sơn, he returned to Hanoi with Lieutenant Colonel Laurent Giovanninelli's 1st Brigade to relieve the Siege of Tuyên Quang, leaving general Oscar de Négrier's 2nd Brigade at Lạng Sơn.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

After defeating Liu Yongfu of the Black Flag Forces at the Battle of Hòa Mộc (2 March 1885), Brière de l'Isle entered the besieged French outpost in victory on 3 March.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

This battlefield success underscored the failure of concurrent diplomatic efforts to resolve the conflict between France and China, and evoked a heartfelt tribute from French prime minister Jules Ferry: 'It seems that the only negotiator China will respect is General Brière de l'Isle. '[14] Brière de l'Isle's record of substantial military achievement was desecrated at the end of March 1885 by the Retreat of Lạng Sơn.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

The retreat, which threw off the gains of the February Lạng Sơn Campaign, was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Paul Gustave Herbinger, acting commander of the 2nd Brigade, and came less than a week after General de Négrier's defeat at the Battle of Bang Bo (24 March 1885).


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Brière de l'Isle was in Hanoi at the time, and planned to move his headquarters to Hưng Hóa, to oversee a planned attack on the Yunnan Army around Tuyên Quang.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Without waiting to sift through the misleading information contained in Herbinger's alarm cable from Lạng Sơn, Brière de l'Isle fired a pessimistic telegram on the night of 28 March to the French government, warning that the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps faced disaster unless it was immediate reinforced.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

This cable, soon dubbed the 'Telegram Lạng Sơn', brought down the government of Jules Ferry on 30 March 1885, destroying Ferry's political career, and delivering a formidable blow to domestic support for French colonial expansion (see Tonkin Scandal).


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

It also cast a shadow over Brière de l'Isle's professional reputation.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Although he had to gain further professional advances before retiring, he knew that in the future he would be remembered not as the French commander who had captured Lạng Sơn and freed Tuyên Quang but as the man who lost his mind and sent that famous telegram. has dropped the Ferry administration. [15]


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

In May 1885, as a consequence of its expansion into a two-division army corps, Brière de l'Isle was replaced in command of the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps by General Henri Roussel de Courcy.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

He was offered command of the 1st Division of the expanded expeditionary corps, and accepted only on condition that General Oscar de Négrier be given command of the 2nd Division.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

The military ministry granted this request, and Brière de l'Isle served under de Courcy's command for several months.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

De Courcy was an arrogant and stupid commander, unwilling to listen to the advice of his more experienced juniors, and the relationship between the two men immediately plummeted.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Brière de l'Isle disagreed with de Courcy's unimaginative pacification strategy in Tonkin and his failure to take effective quarantine measures to deal with a cholera outbreak in August 1885.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

In October 1885, with Annam and Tonkin in open revolt against French rule and the Tonkin Expedition Corps devastated by cholera, he decided he had had enough.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Unable to work for de Courcy anymore, he left Tonkin and returned to France. [16]


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

The latter year Brière de l'Isle was appointed Inspector General of the Marine Marines from 1888 to 1891, then Inspector General from 1892 to 1893.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

He died on 19 June 1896, Saint-Leu—Taverny, Department of Seine-et-Oise (now in Val-d'Oise Department), France.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

The Rue Briere de l'Isle memorial in Toulon, the site of the main naval base in southern France.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

While the Rue Briere de l'Isle remained in central Dakar, the Rue Briere de l'Isle in Saint-Louis had been renamed Rue Abdoulaye Steck.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Prior to independence, Avenue Briere de l'Isle was administered by the Colonial Governor's Office in central Hanoi, Vietnam.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

The barracks of the 5eme Régiment Interarmes d'Outre-Mer in Djibouti are named after the Quartier Briere de l'Isle.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

In colonial Indochina, the main French base in Hanoi was named after fort Briere-de-l'Isle.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

It was taken by the Japanese from French-Vietnamese colonial forces in a bloody battle on March 9, 1945. [17]


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

The position held Military Reference Records resumes from A. S. Kanya-Forstner.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

The Conquest of the Western Sudan A Study in French Military Imperialism.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Cambridge University Press (1969), ISBN978-0-521-07378-3 Thomas Pakenham.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

The Scramble for Africa.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Harper-Collins, New York, (1992), ISBN0-380-71999-1 Martin A. Klein.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Cambridge University Press, (1998), ISBN0-521-59678-5 Thomazi, A., La conquête de l'Indochine (Paris, 1934) Bruce Vandervort.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Wars of the Imperial Conquest in Africa, 1830—1914.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Indiana University Press, (1998), ISBN0-253-21178-6 (in French) Mamadou Diouf.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

Le Kajoor au XIXe siècle: pouvoir ceddo et conquête coloniale.


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

KARTHALA Editions, Senegal (1990), ISBN2-86537-216-2 Portions of this article were translated from the French language Wikipedia article FR:Louis Brière de l'Isle (2008-06-30).


Question: Who was the founder of Fort Saint Louis?

Louis Brière de l'Isle

That article cites: (in French) Francine Ndiaye, “La colonie du Sénégal au temps de Brière de l'Isle, 1876—1881”, Bulletin de l'Ifan, série B, n° 30, 1968 Category:Birth 1827 Category:Death 1897 Category:General of France


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

9 Media Impact Theory is a collection of theories that explain the effect of media communication technology exerts its influence on human behavior and way of thinking in his social life from various perspectives.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Media is a structured organization, which becomes a provider of information for the community.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Media has an important role in the process of forming a more mature and modern society.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Another no less important element is, how much the media affects people as their permanent depositors.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Some experts believe, that the media exerts a great influence for its audience.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

For example, Adorno and Horkheimer (1972) saw very strong propaganda coming from the media in explaining the bloody events of the Holocaust and other brutal events that occurred during World War II. Good and Herman (1988) saw that the media was a very courier strong in promoting new ideologies to members of society who have low levels of media literacy, children for example.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

In explaining the impact of media, there are two perspectives that can be taken by every existing theory.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

By and large, most of the theories explain the impact of media by using the perspective of the behavioral changes experienced by individuals when interacting with media.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

There are also other theories that explain, the impact given by, media using social persepective broadly, by analyzing what cultural changes occur in society due to information coming from the media.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Here are the theories that explain the impact of media for society.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

The Syringe Theory of War between the United States and Spain in 1898, was an occurrence encouraged by a newspaper published by William Randolph Hearst.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

The newspaper reported the sinking of a United States warship named Maine, in Havana Harbor was a Spanish army of great strength and excessive impressions, so that war was inevitable (Furthermore it was found that the sinking of the battleship of the United States such was not due to the attacks of the Spanish army).


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

From the above example can be seen so powerful media in driving human mind changes, with such a great impact and process such as a syringe (hypodermic) or a bullet that slides at high speed.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

An even more obvious example is the speech made by the Nazi leader, Adolf Hitler, over public radio, which eventually became a vital factor in starting the Holocaust in World War II.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

This theory attempts to explain how persuasion coming from the media plays an important role in, changing the way humans think, act, or behave. [1]


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Gradual Flow Theory The theory assumes that media effects occur indirectly and mediated through opinion leaders.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

These Opinion Leaders have the sense of Individuals whose ideas and behaviors become models for others who then communicate the message and influence the attitudes and behavior changes of their followers.Katz and Lazarsfeld, 1955, added that most of the people accept information coming from the media through “secondhand media” is the personal influence of opinion leaders.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

These opinion leaders are the most charismatic and trusted individuals in their social community.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Opinion leaders are less influenced by the public mass media, the influence they receive, the dominance comes from the media elites.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

For example, Opinion Leaders who come from the political world, will use a different way of campaigning when they want to communicate about themselves with a store who has a high level of knowledge (elite audience), using the use of more complex languages and tricky.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

On the contrary, when he wants to communicate with the public in general with even low levels of knowledge, the politician will become more humble, using more powerful language and media that can be reached by the public at large. [2]


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Theory of Selective Processes This theory explains that people conduct a selection process so that people selectively determine, what effect they want to get from the information provided by the media.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

People, in general, will avoid information coming from the media, which is fundamentally contradictory to the values or ideologies they have had, and are convinced of its truth.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

For example, community groups that supported the USA invasion of Iraq, would not read articles regarding the establishment of peace in Iraq, and the abolition of war.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

In 1960, Joseph Klapper argued through his research on the effects of postwar media.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Klapper concluded that the media is a weak organization, the media failed to increase public political participation (or Participation in elections).


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Social Learning Theory Social learning theory is a theory that predicts behavior by looking at other ways that individuals do in processing information.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

This theory explains that instances of certain personal or mass media can be important in the effort to acquire new behaviors.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Individuals undertake a process of imitation of what they see from the media.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

This theory itself emphasizes the influence of Television specifically in the process of such imitation.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

For example, when an event is televised featuring a thug who is eventually arrested by the police, for committing a criminal act, the public watching it will try not to replicate what those thugs have done in general, the closer what we witness on the television screen with the character of ourselves that we trust, then the closer, we are with the imitation process. [3]


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Cultivation Theory Cultivation Theory was first introduced by Professor George Gerbner when he was dean of the Annenberg School of Communication at the University of Pennsylvania United States (USA).


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

The first writing to introduce this theory was “Living with Television: The Violence profile”, Journal of Communication.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Initially, he conducted research on “Cultural Indicators” in the mid-'60s to study the influence of watching television.This theory describes that media produces an impact where there are some people who think the real world (everyday life) goes accordingly with the world portrayed by the media.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Or vice versa, consider that the world in the media is “reality”.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

For example, children who consistently witness coverage of child abduction, would assume that wherever He is, such abductions may occur, thus having excessive fear, than children who do not watch the coverage. [4]


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Priming Priming Theory is a process in which the mass media focuses on some issues and not on other issues and thus changes also the standards of evaluation that audiences use to assess the social reality it faces (Severin, 2005:271).


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

In addition, this theory also explains that the media encourages the formation of thoughts connected to what is displayed in the media itself.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

For example, there is a tendency to imitate violent scenes displayed in other people in the real world. [5]


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Agenda Determination Theory Is a process where public figures and important events help determine the content to be delivered by the media.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

This theory also explains the effect of the process for the media storage community, where it is explained that the greater the public interest in an issue, the greater the coverage done by the media on the issue.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Bernard Cohen (1963) argues that: The press is more than a mere giver of information and opinion.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

The press may have been less successful in encouraging people to think about something, but the press was very successful in encouraging its readers to determine what to think Katharsis Theory Katharsis was first introduced in the early range of 1960 in the writing entitled “The Stimulating Versus Cathartic Effect of a Vicarious Aggressive Activity” published in the journal of abnormal social psychology.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

The concept of this theory stands above the psychoanalysis of Sigmund freud, that is, restrained emotions can cause excessive emotional outbursts, therefore a channeling of the restrained emotion.Constructive emotion channeling is called catharsis.In those days, Freud thought that the release of restrained emotions can be a beneficial therapeutic effect (Corsini & Wedding, 1989).


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

The channeling of emotions and aggression, sometimes based on a tragedy or event that has befallen a person in the past and caused a sense of trauma.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

For example, Indonesians who are saturated to see the living conditions of Indonesia with all colors of fraud, corruption and unjust acts committed by the government and police, feel happy and emotions and aggression are channeled when watching Indian movies, which tells about the heroism of a police inspector eradicates corruptors and bad cops.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Music, movies, images, events are examples of the effects of such catharsis.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

This theory also explains that adult content as well as violence displayed by the media gives a positive effect because it provides an opportunity for individuals to abandon their anti social nature in a fantasy world.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

This theory was popular in 1930 to 1940, before the public finally believed that the media had a responsibility for social ills occurring in society. [6]


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Critical Theory Critical theory was first discovered by Max Horkheimer in the 1930s. In the beginning, critical theory meant the re-enactment of modernity's ideals of reason and freedom, by revealing deviations from those ideals in the form of science, capitalism, cultural industry, and bourgeois political institutions. Critical theory allows reading cultural production and communication in broad and diverse perspectives.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

The theory aims to make a reflexive exploration of the experiences that man experiences and the way man defines himself, culture, and the world.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

This theory calls into question other theories used in explaining the impact produced by the media.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

This theory itself focuses its discussion not on the behavioral effects that Individuals receive from the media, but on looking at cultural changes in the broad scope caused by the media.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Critical Theory also has the ability to further decrypt the relationship between culture and media itself.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

This theory believes, the impact produced by the media, is not a monotonically occurring effect, but as a reciprocal process. [7]


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Media Impact Theory and Human Interaction with Computers Human interaction with computers is a concept that explains the relationship between humans and computers not only within a narrow scope but also within a more universal range.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

This concept describes the processes, dialogues, and activities through which users utilize and interact with the computer.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Human interaction with media can be categorized in this concept.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Humans who cannot escape information always utilize communication technology based on computer technology in their life.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

When the interaction occurs, then the impacts produced by the media from various perspectives exist.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

This interaction of humans with computers is an intermediary to the implications of changes in human behavior and attitude in the process of communication. [8]


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Reference Nuruddin. 2007.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Introduction to Mass Communications.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Jakarta: PT.Raja Grafindo Persada.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Straubhaar, Joseph, LaRose, Robert, & Davenport, Lucinda (2010).


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Media Now: Understanding Media, Culture and Technology, 6th edition.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Belmont, CA: Wadsworth (JS).


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

J.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Severin, Werner.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

W.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Tankard, James Jr. 2009.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Communication Theory: History, Methods, and Applied within Mass Media.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

Jakarta:Prenada Media Group.


Question: Who is the inventor of 9 Media Impact Theory?

9 Media Impact Theory

TM Category:Communication Theory


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

Al-Sirah al-Hilaliyyah (Arabic: السيرة الهلالية, romanized:al-sīrah al-hilāliyah) or Taghribat Bani Hilal (Arabic: تغريبة بني هلال, Romanized:Taghrībat Banī hilāl), also known as Sirah Bani Hirat (Arabic: سيرة بني هلال, Romanized:Sīrat Banī Hilāl, lit. ' The History of the Banu Hilal') or epics al-Hilali, is an Arabic epic oral literature that tells the story of the journey of the Bedouin Tribes of Banu Hilal beginning from Nejd in Arabia to Tunisia and Algeria through Egypt.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

Compiled based on historical events that took place in the 11th century.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

The Banu Hilal were in power in central North Africa for more than a century before being overthrown by their rivals originally from Morocco.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

These epics are in the form of folklore delivered orally, and have no date of creation.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

Sourced from dozens of oral epics poems that flourished in the traditions of Arab society between the Middle Ages and the 19th century, Sirat Bani Hilal is today the only intact musical art still performed.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

These epics used to be widespread throughout the Middle East, now only performed in Egypt.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

In 2008 this epics was included on the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. [1]


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

Historical background of the Taghribat Bani Hilal events based on the history when the Zirids of Tunisia seceded from the Fatimiyad Caliphate around the 11th century.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

Early sources describe how the Fatimiyad Caliph sent the Banu Hilal to the land of the Maghrib to sentence the Zirids for rebelling.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

The epics became a staple mythical representation for Arab identity in North Africa and the spread of Islam throughout the Sahara, influencing the cultural heritage of countries up to the south of the Sahel union such as Mali and Niger.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

These epics were performed since the 14th century, sung in verse by poets and accompanied by the music of percussion instruments.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

It is a unique literary and musical form reflecting the history, customs, beliefs, symbolism and traditions of the Arab peoples.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

The parables and riddles present in these epics are often part of everyday conversations in the Middle East region. [2]


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

Some of the main characters in epics include Abu Zayd al-Hilali, El Zenaty Kalepha and Zayab Ibn Ganem, there are several places in the Middle East named by the names of heroes mentioned in epics.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

Al-Sirah Al Hilaliyyah glorifies courage and heroism, themes in it concerning honor and revenge, war and romance.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

Placing orally propagated historical events in their social and historical context, and is an account of the customs and lifestyles of these communities throughout time. [3] [4] These abusive political actions have two main influences, one cultural, and the other literary.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

As a result of Arab tribes settling in Tunisia, the region is mostly Arabic-speaking, not Berber.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

These epics are inspired by historical events. in them the competitor of Hilali leader Abu Zayd al-Hilali is Khalifa al-Zanati, the hero of the Zenata tribe.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

Warfare between Banu Hilal Arabs and Zenata Berbers is a major theme of this Sira besides Abu Zayd.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

Another character featured in these epics is Shehta (شحتة).


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

This sira was originally performed orally and passed on from generation to generation in the form of poems by poets and later recorded in many versions.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

Egyptian poet and writer Abdul Rahman al-Abnudi collected this Sira in full, he traveled from Egypt to Libya and Tunisia to document variants of the epics.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

These epics were once narrated by storytellers in cafes well into the 20th century, similar to Baibars's biography.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

Hilali performances The Hilali performers come from certain families who think these performances are their only source of income.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

The prospective players begin their apprenticeship at the age of five and training lasts at least ten years.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

During the internship process, the poets are charged with honing their memory, singing and skillfully playing instruments as well as learning the art of fast interpreting to make the plot relevant to the listeners.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

Traditionally, Al-Sirah Al-Hilaliyyah is performed in social and private occasions such as weddings, circumcision ceremonies and private gatherings, performances often lasting between 50 to 100 hours.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

Hilali's performances have musical accompaniment mostly from wooden instruments.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

Instruments used such as rebab (Arabic violin) and smsmiyya (tampura), inflatable musical instruments such as salamiyyah, zummad, mizmar, arghul and nay (exposed flute) and percussion instruments such as tabla and tambourine. [5]


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

The cultural link in Egypt Al-Sirah Al-Hilaliyah is a living tradition that symbolizes the oral traditions of the Upstream and Downstream Egyptian peoples, blending ancient and modern music with the songs and dances of the Egyptian tribes today.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

Hilali has a great influence in shaping the vision of these communities, their acceptance or rejection of ideas and innovations as well as helping to integrate the changes associated with development, modernization in this society.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

Threats to persist Today very few poets know Al-Sirah Al-Hilaliyah as a whole and as a result of socioeconomic changes in Egypt as well as the onslaught of globalization, Hilali epics are endangered.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

The documentation, classification and archiving of epics and their artistic nuances are ongoing and its registration on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List is expected to brighten its prospects.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

Al-Sirah Al-Hilaliyyah bears a resemblance to T'heydinn of Mauritania, the other oral epics on the Intangible Cultural Heritage List, both as oral history and material both sourced from the exploits of the Banu Hilal tribe.


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

See also Literary Epics Arabic T'heyddin Reference Further Reading Galley, Micheline. “'À propos d'un manuscrit de la geste hilalienne conservé à la Bibliothèque Vaticane'.”


Question: What languages are spoken in the epics of al-Hilali?

Taghribat Bani Hilal

'Studies on Arabic epic' (ed. Giovanni Canova), xxii (L XXX III), Oriente Moderno (special number), n.s. 2 2003, pp. 307—33.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Papua is the largest province of Indonesia located in the central part of Papua Island or the easternmost part of the Indonesian territory of Papua.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Its eastern hemisphere constitutes the country of Papua New Guinea.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Papua Province used to cover the entire western Papua region, but since 2003 it was divided into two provinces with the eastern part remaining under the name Papua while the western part was named West Papua.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Papua has an area of 808,105sq km and is the second largest island in the world and the first largest in Indonesia.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The Background Territory Boundary of Papua is an island located to the north of Australia and is part of the eastern region of Indonesia.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Most of Papua's mainland is still wilderness.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Papua is the second largest island in the world after Greenland.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

About 47% of Papua's island area is part of Indonesia, which is known as Netherland New Guinea, West Irian, West Irian, and Irian Jaya, and lately known as Papua.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The other part of the island's territory is the territory of the country of Papua New Guinea (Papua New Guinea), that is, a former British colony.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The population between the two countries actually has an ethnic kinship, but is then separated by a border line.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Papua has an area of about 421,981 square kilometers with a population of only about 2.3 million.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

More than 71% of Papua is a stretch of tropical rainforest that is difficult to penetrate because it consists of steep valleys and high mountains, and some of the mountains are covered by snow.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The border between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea is marked by 141 lines of East Longitude that cut the island of Papua from north to south.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

As are most of the other islands in the South Pacific, the people of Papua come from mainland Asia who migrate by means of ocean liners.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

That migration began as early as 30,000 to 50,000 years ago, and resulted in them being outside modern Indonesian civilization, as they were unlikely to make voyages to other more distant islands.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The European explorers who first came to Papua, referred to the locals as Melanesians.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The origin of the word Melanesian comes from the Greek word, 'Mela' which means' black ', because their skin is dark in color.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Later the peoples of Southeast Asia and also the Portuguese interacted closely with the Papuan population, referred to them as Papuans.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Papua itself describes Indonesia's past history, as it is recorded that during the 18th century AD, rulers from the kingdom of Sriwijaya, centered in the region now known as Palembang, South Sumatra, sent offerings to the Chinese kingdom.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In the offerings were some Cenderawasih birds, believed to be birds from the garden of Paradise which were native animals from Papua, which at that time were known as 'Janggi'.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In the account written in Nagarakretagama, Papua also belongs to the territory of Majapahit kingdom (1293—1520).


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In addition to written in the book which is a set of history made by the Majapahit Kingdom administration, the entry of Papua into the Majapahit power area is also listed in the book of Prapanca compiled in 1365.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Despite the controversy surrounding the historical record, it confirms that Papua is as an inseparable part of the network of kingdoms in Southeast Asia under the control of Majapahit kingdom.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

For centuries in the first half of the second millennium, there has been an intensified relationship between Papua and other islands in Indonesia, which is not just sporadic trade contact between Papuans and people from the island- nearby island.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

During that period, people from nearby islands that later came and became part of modern Indonesia, bringing together various diversity spread within the Papua region.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

This certainly requires quite intense interaction and not a short time so that people in Papua can learn Malay as a language of introduction, especially considering the diversity of languages they have.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In 1963, of the approximately 700,000 population of the existing population, 500,000 among them spoke 200 different languages and were not understood between one and the other.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The variety of languages among the few population is due to the formation of groups isolated by differences between one and the other for centuries due to the density of forests and also the difficult to traverse steep ravines that separate them.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Therefore, there are now 234 introductory languages in Papua, two of the second languages without native speakers.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Many of these languages are only spoken by 50 speakers or less.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Some minor classes are already extinct, such as Tandia, which is only used by two speakers and Mapia which is only used by one speaker.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Now, the language of introduction used is Indonesian, which is the language of introduction taught in schools and is the language in doing various transactions.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Indonesian itself is derived from Malay, the market version.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The history of Papua is in the easternmost region of Indonesia.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

It is the second largest island after Greendland Island in Denmark.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Its area reaches 890,000 Km² (this if merged with Papua New Guinea).


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Its magnitude is estimated to be nearly five times the area of Java island.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In about 200 AD, the Geographer named Claudius Ptolemaeus (Ptolamy) called the island of Papua by the name Labadios.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Until now no one knew why the island of Papua was named Labadios.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Around the end of 500 AD, by the Chinese nation was named Tungki.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

This could be noticed after they found a diary of a Tiangkok author, Ghau Yu Kuan describing that the origin of the spices they obtained came from Tungki, the name used by Chinese traders at that time for Papua.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Furthermore, at the end of 600 AD, the Kingdom of Sriwijaya called the name Papua using the name Janggi.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In the book Kertagama 1365 made by Pujangga Mpu Prapanca “Tugki” or “Janggi” is actually a misspelled obtained from a third party namely Chinese trader Chun Tjok Kwan who in his trade journey had visited several places in Tidore and Papua.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

At the beginning of 700 A.D., Persian and Gujarat traders began to arrive to Papua, also including pedangan from India.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Their goal to search for spices in the region after seeing the success of swordangang of Chinese origin.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

These traders called the name Papua with Dwi Panta and also Samudranta, which means Ujung Samudra and Ujung Lautan.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

By the end of 1300, Majapahit Kingdom used two names, Wanin and Sram.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The name of Wanin, certainly none other than the Onin peninsula in the Fak-Fak and Sram regions, is the island of Seram in the Moluccas.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

It is possible, the slaves brought and offered to Majapahit came from Onin and who brought them there were Seramese from Moluccas, so these two names are called.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Around 1646, the Kingdom of Tidore gave the name to this island and its inhabitants as Papa-Ua, which had changed in designation to Papua.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In the Tidore language it means not joined or not unified (not integrated).


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In Malay means curly-haired.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

It has another sense, that there is no reigning king on this island.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

There are also those who use the name Papua as a form of ridicule towards the local citizens—primitive, lagging, stupid people— which is a slogan that has no meaning whatsoever by the name of Papua.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The response of the population to the name Papua has been quite good.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The reason is because the name correctly reflects their self-identity as black, curly humans, which is very different from the Malay population as well as the kingdom of Tidore.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

But, of course they do not accept the ridicule that is always thrown by residents of arrivals.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In 1511 Antonio d'Arbau, sailor of Portuguese origin called the region of Papua by the name “Os Papuas” or also llha de Papo.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Don Jorge de Menetes, a Spanish sailor also stopped by in Papua a few years later (1526—1527), he still used the name Papua.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

He himself knew the name Papua in the diary of Antonio Figafetta, the scribe of the voyage of Magelhaens who circumnavigated the world called Papua.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

This Papuan name was known to Figafetta when he stopped on the island of Tidore.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Next, in 1528, Alvaro de Savedra, a leader of the Spanish sea fleet named the island Papua Isla de Oro or Island of Gold which means the Island of Gold.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

He was also the only sailor to successfully anchor his ship on the northern coast of the Papuan archipelago.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

With the mention of Isla Del Oro made not a few European sailors who came in droves to search for the gold contained on the golden island.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In 1545, the sailor of Spanish origin Inigo Ortiz de Retes gave the name Nueva Guinee.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In English it is called New Guinea.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

He originally went along the north coast of the island and because he saw his black and curly-haired human traits the same as the humans he saw in the African hemisphere named Guinea, hence the name of this island Nueva Guinee/New Guinea Island.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The names of Papua and Nueva Guinea were retained for almost two centuries, only later came the name of New Guinea from the Netherlands, and both names were widely known throughout the world, especially in the 19th century.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The people of the archipelago know the name Papua and while the name of New Guinea became famous since the 16th century after the name appears on the world map so it was used by the outside world, especially in European countries.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In 1956, the Netherlands again changed the name of Papua from New Guinea to Nederlands New Guinea.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The name change was more political because the Dutch did not want to lose the island of Papua from Indonesia at that time.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In the 1950s by Resident JP Van Eechoud was formed Bestuur school.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

There he advocated and ordered Admoprasojo as Director of the aforementioned Bestuur School to form a council of tribes.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In the activities of this council, one of them is to examine the history and culture of Papua, including renaming the island of Papua with another name.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Follow-up, held a meeting in Tobati, Jayapura.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In also talked about the idea of renaming, also formed in a committee that will be tasked to trace a name that originates from Papua and is acceptable to all tribes.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Frans Kaisepo as the chairman of the Committee then took a name from a myth of Manseren Koreri, a legend that is known and widely known by the wider community of Biak, namely Irian.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In Biak Numfor language “Iri” means land, “an” means heat.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Thus the name Irian means hot land.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In the next development, after investigation, there are some of the same notions in places such as Serui and Merauke.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In Serui language, “Iri” means land, “an” means nation, so Irian means Land of the nation, while in Merauke, “Iri” means placed or raised high, “an” means nation, so Irian is a nation raised high.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Officially, on 16 July 1946, Frans Kaisepo who represented New Guinea in a conference in Malino-Ujung Pandang, through his influential speech to national radio broadcasting, renamed Papua and New Guinea with the name Irian.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The name Irian is one name that contains political meanings.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Frans Kaisepo once said “The change of the name of Papua to Irian, unless it has a historical meaning, also contains a spirit of struggle: IRIAN means to Join the Republic of Indonesia Anti Nederland”.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

(PEPERA 1969 book published in 1972, p. 107-108).


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

After Indonesia became independent in 1945, and the Netherlands was further cornered by the international world in order to maintain Papua in its colonies, on December 1, 1961, the Netherlands formed a puppet state of Papua.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

On that date the Dutch ordered the people of Papua to hoist a new national flag called the Kejora Star.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

They designated Papua's name as West Papua.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

While the United Nations Temporary Executive Authority (UNTEA), a special body formed by the United Nations to prepare a free choice act in Papua in 1969 uses two names for Papua, West New Guinea/West Irian.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Subsequently, the name Irian was changed to West Irian officially since 1 May 1963 when the territory was returned from the Kingdom of the Netherlands into the lap of the Republic of Indonesia.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In 1967, PT Freeport Mc Morran's cooperation contract with the Indonesian government was held.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In this contract Freeport use the name West Irian, even though officially Papua is not officially part of Indonesia.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The international world legitimately recognized that Papua is part of the State of Indonesia after the establishment of the People's Opinion Determination (PEPERA) in 1969.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

And then on March 1, 1973 in accordance with regulation No. 5 of 1973 the name of West Irian was officially changed by President Soeharto to the name Irian Jaya.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Entering the reform era some people demanded the renaming of Irian Jaya to Papua.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

President Abdurrahman Wahid complied with the request of part of the community.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

During the official state visit of the President, as well as welcoming the turn of the new year 1999 to 2000, the morning of January 1, 2000, he advised that the name of Irian Jaya was renamed to Papua as given by the Kingdom of Tidore in the 1800s. The origin of the name The development of the origin of the name of the island of Papua has a long journey along with the history of interaction between foreign nations and Papuan peoples, including with local languages in the name of Papua.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The province of Papua used to cover all Indonesian territory on the island of Papua.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

During the colonial rule of the Dutch East Indies, the region was known as Dutch New Guinea (Nederlands New Guinea or Dutch New Guinea).


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

After joining the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, it was known as West Irian Province from 1969 until 1973.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Its name was later changed to Irian Jaya by Soeharto at the time of inaugurating the Freeport copper and gold mine, a name that remained in official use until 2002.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Law No. 21 of 2001 on Special Autonomy of Papua mandated the name of this province to be changed to Papua.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In 2003, accompanied by various protests (the merger of Central Papua and East Papua), Papua was divided into two provinces by the Indonesian government; the eastern part remained under the name Papua while the western part became West Irian Jaya Province (a year later it became West Papua).


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

It was this eastern part that became the territory of Papua Province at this time.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The name West Papua (West Papua) is still often used by the Free Papua Organization (OPM), a separatist movement that wants to secede from Indonesia and form its own state.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The government of the House of Representatives of Papua (DPRP) has 52 members.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

As for protecting the indigenous political rights of Papuans, Papuan People's Assembly (MRP) is formed.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Regencies and cities Law of 2008 Number 6 is the legal basis for the establishment of Nduga Regency in Papua Province, currently there is no jurisdiction of Central Nduga Regency. [1]


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Education In the State of Indonesia, Jakarta Province has the highest IPM of 77.60 in 2010.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

While Papua Province from 2004—2010 has the smallest IPM among other provinces.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

This can be caused by the lack of government role to improve community development in all three areas: education, economy, and health in Papua Province.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

However, the natural resources contained in the province of Papua are very large.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

So Papua Province should be able to compete to improve IPM with other provinces.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Appreciation of the improvement and equalization of education for the people of the archipelago is done among them through the Secondary Education Affirmation program (Adem).


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In this scholarship program Indigenous Papuan children have the opportunity to continue their studies for the school year 2015 to high school level in some areas of Tanah Pasundan, West Java.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The Bandung City Government will encourage educational programs for students from Papua and plans to increase the number of Papuan students who will attend school in Bandung. [2] [3] [4] [5] Adem program rolling since 2013.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Entering the third year or 2015, 1,304 Papuan children have learned to high school or vocational school level in Yogyakarta, East Java, West Java, Central Java, Banten and Bali.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

For ADEM 2015, 505 Papuan children attended high school and vocational education in the six provinces. [6]


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Education in Mimika District has its own uniqueness.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The majority of their original children were given an allocation of education assistance funds from PT Freeport Indonesia through the Amungme and Kamoro Community Development Institute (LPMAK).


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Since the end of 1999, LPMAK has provided scholarships for 8,772 students.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

This program was originally intended for only 3,697 students from the original high school of Papua until the master program had graduated.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

But in 2011, LPMAK provided active scholarships for elementary students up to master.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In 2014, PTFI's production target decreased dramatically due to the strike action of workers and a decrease in mine production up to 40 percent due to a ban on shipping mining raw materials abroad as an implementation of Act No. 4 of 2009 on Minerba.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

As a result, PTFI reduced its partnership funds from the previous, which averaged around Rp 1 trillion to around Rp 600 billion. [7]


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

The geography of Papua Island has an area of about 421,981 km2, the island of Papua is at the eastern end of Indonesia, with potential natural resources of economic and strategic value, and has encouraged foreign nations to control the island of Papua.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Puncak Jaya Regency is the highest city on the island of Papua, while the lowest city is Merauke.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

As a tropical region and an archipelago region, the island of Papua has a relatively higher air humidity ranging from 80 to 89% of geographical conditions that vary.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

In 1990 the population on the island of Papua numbered 1,648,708 inhabitants and increased to about 2.8 million inhabitants in 2006.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

With an elevation of 4,884 m, Puncak Jaya is the highest peak in Indonesia as well as in Oceania.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Infrastructure Papua Province is one of the richest provinces in Indonesia with an area of more three times the area of Java, plus a small number of people with rich and unexcavated natural wealth such as forest products, plantations, agriculture, mining fisheries.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

This is due to the lack of an adequate road network that can connect the areas of production centers for that Public Works Department strives to build good road infrastructure. such as Jayapura — Wamena road development which is the status of a National road as a major investment activity for the Provincial Government of Papua and Jayawijaya Regency which was built with the purpose: As a means to integrate the Development of Regional Potential and Community Structure Change.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Establishing a system of National, Provincial, District and Municipal Roads Network to support production and distribution systems.


Question: What is the area of Papua Province?

Papua

Forming benefits directly to society in terms of ease of social activities, economy, flow of goods and services, employment opportunities and community skills.