Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

This request was met by Rara Mendut by selling cigarettes.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

The cigarette was in demand because Rara Mendut's beauty was admired by men in the kingdom, and she glued the cigarettes with her own saliva. [2]


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Formal establishment of customs and excise Formally and in writing, customs and duties existed in Indonesia since the Dutch Colonial period, based on the Dutch East Indies Law Tabsacccijns Ordonnantie, Stbl. 1932 Number 517, which was later followed up into the establishment of De Dienst der Invoer en Uitvoerrechten en Uitvoerrechten en Accijnzen (I. U&A), this organization continued during the Japanese colonization period, but only levied taxes, and was again restructured during Indonesian rule.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Cigarettes and tobacco remain targets for the imposition of Excise to date.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Reasons for imposition of taxes and excise on cigarettes The danger of cigarette consumption for health has been proven by many studies in the world.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Control of tobacco consumption has become a concerted movement that entails the contributions of a wide variety of parties.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

One of the mechanisms of cigarette control that can be done by the government is to regulate the selling price of cigarettes through excise duty.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

The imposition of excise duties to increase cigarette prices has succeeded in lowering cigarette consumption and decreasing the prevalance of cigarette-related diseases in various countries, such as South Korea, France, and the Philippines. [1]


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Protection of children and adolescents From various consumers of cigarettes, the most worried about the cheapness of cigarette prices are children and adolescents.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

With very little money, cigarettes can be obtained easily and cheaply, that is, only with Rp 1,000, - can already get a cigarette.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

That's why the excise on cigarettes needs to be constantly increased, so that it becomes unaffordable for children.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Today, Indonesia ranks top the country with the largest proportion of young smokers in Asia Pacific.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Based on data released by the Global Youth Tobacco Survey in 2014, one in five children aged 13-15 in Indonesia has smoked.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

If this condition develops consistently, Indonesians will bear a high burden of health financing as they become adults and start suffering from degenerative diseases early due to smoking habits at a young age. [3]


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Too low price of cigarettes The prevalence of smoking in Indonesia is the highest in the world for the categories of adult male smokers, teen smokers, and child smokers.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

One of the main causes is the low price of cigarettes in Indonesia.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

The average price of cigarettes in Indonesia is very cheap when compared to prices in Asian countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and even India is a major factor why the prevalence of smokers in Indonesia is still high.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

This is also exacerbated by the habit of street stalls selling cigarette bars, making it easier for people can not afford or children to buy them at very cheap prices.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Because of this, it takes policy to make cigarette prices soar. [4]


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Determination of cigarette excise The development of cigarette excise size From year to year, state receipts from Cigarette Excise continue to increase.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

In 2007, for example, recorded Rp 43.53 trillion into state income.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

In 2014, this receipt increased to Rp 112.54 Trillion.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

In 2016, the state earned 137.94 Trillion from the Cigarette Excise.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Receipts from cigarette excise are changing every year.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Indonesia initially adhered to the Ad Valorem excise system, or percentage of the selling value, but since 2009 it was changed to specific tariffs under the Regulation of the Minister of Finance.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

The amount of excise tariff is determined based on the type of cigarette and the quantity


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Although the value is raised annually [5] through the Excise Tariff Regulation by the Ministry of Finance, the percentage increase in cigarette excise tariffs is limited to the upper limit of 57% under Law No.39/2007.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

These determinations strongly consider matters such as consumption control, prevention of cigarettes with false or illegal excise duties, the impact on laborers and farmers, as well as targets for state acceptance.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

For 2018, the average cigarette excise rate rose 10.04 Percent from the previous year. [6]


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Simplification of excise class based on Permenkeu No. 146 Year 2017, the government will simplify the imposition of excise duties gradually.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Based on the already defined roadmap, the number of cigarette excise layers will be gradually trimmed from 12 in 2017, to ten layers in 2018, eight layers in 2019, six layers in 2020, and five layers in 2021.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

This policy is part of the government's strategy in reducing public cigarette consumption. [7]


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Simplification criticism of the imposition of cigarette excise invites criticism and input that the policy should be run consistently, no matter what opposition occurs, because if it is changed again it could invite astonishment and questions from the public. [8]


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

On the other hand, this simplification invites protests from small medium-scale cigarette companies because it is considered to make the excise duty payable even greater. [9]


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

The income for the state from the excise cigarette excise and cigarette tax accounts for quite a lot of income for the state.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

The proportion of excise receipts to total state receipts was 6.31 percent in 2007.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

This portion increased to 7.10 percent in 2012 with total excise revenue of Rp95.03 trillion.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

In 2015, the proportion was 9.59 percent of total state receipts of Rp144.64 trillion.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

But it should be understood that in addition to providing income, the government burden due to cigarettes and tobacco is higher than the amount of the contribution of tobacco excise to state receipts.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Macroeconomic losses due to tobacco use assessed by the Ministry of Health showed an increasing trend.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

In 2010, this economic loss amounted to Rp245.41 trillion or 4 times the country's receipts from tobacco excise.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

It increased to Rp378.75 trillion in 2013 or 3 times the state receipts. [10]


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Profit-sharing funds for regions The state receipt of the excise of tobacco produce made in Indonesia is distributed to the producing provinces of 2% (two percent) tobacco excise which is used to fund the improvement of raw material quality, industry development, social environment development, socialization of provisions in the field of excise, and/or the eradication of illegal excise goods, in accordance with Law No. 39 of 2007 on Excise, Article 66A.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Each year the Ministry of finance issues details of the Tobacco Excise Profit Sharing Fund through the Regulation of the


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Local cigarette tax Unlike the presumption of most people, local cigarette taxes are completely different from cigarette excise.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

In addition to excise, cigarettes are also subject to additional local cigarette tax equal to 10% of the excise rate, in accordance with Law No. 28 of 2009 on Local Taxes and Local Levies Article 29.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Withdrawal of the cigarette tax is carried out in conjunction with


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Local cigarette tax revenue is distributed to all local governments proportional to the number of populations in their respective regions.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Cigarette Tax Receipts, both provincial and district/municipal parts, are allocated at least 50 percent to fund public health services and law enforcement by authorized authorities, in accordance with article 31.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Benefits for health costs Based on Presidential Regulation No. 82 of 2018, regions are entitled to use income from cigarette tax to cover the budget deficit of BPJS [11] The amount of cigarette tax contribution as intended, according to this Regulation, is set 75% of 50% of the realization of cigarette tax revenue part rights of each province/district/city area.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

The contribution referred to is directly deducted to be transferred into BPJS Kesehatan account. [12]


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

This policy brought praise from Center for Indonesia Taxation Analysis (CITA) Director Yustinus Prastowo.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

According to him, the Presidential Regulation that has been devised by President Jokowi becomes a surefire solution in addition to the low discipline of local budget, especially planning and measurement outcomes. [13]


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

While Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of the United Cigarette Factory Indonesia (GAPPRI) Ismanu Soemiran appreciated this step.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

He stated that the Tobacco Produce Industry has concern for the fate of the Indonesian people, because cigarettes in Indonesia cannot be equated with the cigarette industry abroad.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

Cigarettes in Indonesia are the result of collaboration of people's agriculture, so this policy is a solution to pay attention to health while maintaining the sustainability of the cigarette industry [14] This decision is also recognized to help BPJS by Planning and Policy Specialist, Center for Indonesia's Strategic Development Initiatives (CISDI) Yurdhina Meilissa.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

In addition to patching BPJS funds, it is also recommended to be allocated specifically for smoking cessation services especially for consumers from poor families and children.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

BPJS Kesehatan report does show the total burden of diseases covered by national health insurance, 21 percent of which are diseases due to cigarette consumption such as ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular, tuberculosis, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases. [15]


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

The controversy of the Increase in Excise annually invites debate.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

In terms of control, the increase in excise duty is considered important to make cigarettes unaffordable, although so far the increase is felt that it has not managed to make cigarettes more expensive and unaffordable by vulnerable groups such as children and adolescents.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

On the other hand, the increase in cigarette excise is worrying industries and communities that depend on the cigarette production chain, such as farmers, laborers, and merchants.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

In addition, the government considered it necessary to develop non-price policies such as enforcement of the Non-Smoking Area (KTR) regulations. [16]


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

However, contrary to most lay opinion, there is no empirical evidence that proves there is a link between the increase in excise duty and the decrease in the welfare of farmers.


Question: What is the number of Tobacco Products exported in Indonesia in 2015?

Cigarette excise in Indonesia

See also Excise Excise in Indonesia Cigarettes Outside Links Reference Category:Tax Category:Excise


Question: Is the language spoken by the majority of the population of Canada?

Languages in Canada

Canada as an immigration destination country in the world has a diverse language and culture.


Question: Is the language spoken by the majority of the population of Canada?

Languages in Canada

According to the Canadian national population census report English and French are the most spoken languages in Canada, [4] of which 56.9% of Canadian residents speak English as their mother tongue and 21.3% of Canadian residents use French as their mother tongue. [5]


Question: Is the language spoken by the majority of the population of Canada?

Languages in Canada

Canada recognizes English and French as official languages.


Question: Is the language spoken by the majority of the population of Canada?

Languages in Canada

English and French are designated as official languages in Canada through the Official Language Deed (English: Official Language Act, French: Loi sur les langues officielles signed in 1969. [6]


Question: Is the language spoken by the majority of the population of Canada?

Languages in Canada

The use of English and French French is the most dominant language in the province of Quebec with a percentage of 79.95% of Quebec's overall population speaking French at home. [7]


Question: Is the language spoken by the majority of the population of Canada?

Languages in Canada

Out of a total of 13 provinces and territories in Canada, English is designated as an official language in seven provinces and five other provinces recognize English as the de facto official language. [4]


Question: Is the language spoken by the majority of the population of Canada?

Languages in Canada

French became the official language in five Canadian provinces.


Question: Is the language spoken by the majority of the population of Canada?

Languages in Canada

The Province of Nunavut and the Northwest Territories of Canada recognizes indigenous languages of the artic circumference as official languages. [8] [9] The Canadian Anthem of O Canada can be sung in two languages, either English or French. [10]


Question: Is the language spoken by the majority of the population of Canada?

Languages in Canada

One process that must be fulfilled when you want to become a Canadian citizen is to be able to sing O Canada songs in these two languages. [11]


Question: Is the language spoken by the majority of the population of Canada?

Languages in Canada

Languages of Native Canadians In addition to the languages of the Canadian indigenous languages can still be found especially in the artic circumference of Canada.


Question: Is the language spoken by the majority of the population of Canada?

Languages in Canada

The overall percentage of speakers of native languages of Canada reaches only 0.6% of Canada's total resident population or amounts to about 200,725 people. [12]


Question: Is the language spoken by the majority of the population of Canada?

Languages in Canada

Here is the list of indigenous languages of Canada: Cree language Inuktitut language Ojibwe language Innu Dene Suline language Anishinini language Mi'kmaq language Dakota/Sioux language Atikamekw language and others (under 5,000 speakers) Language spread in Canada Here are statistics data of language users in every province and territory in Canada. [7] [8] [12] Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 Census of Population of Canada regarding language. [14]


Question: Is the language spoken by the majority of the population of Canada?

Languages in Canada

Native language statistics in Canada The following are statistical data on language speakers in Canada based on mother tongue or first language learned: See Pula English Canada French Language Canada French Language Quebec French Language Newfoundland French language Acadia Frankofon Anglo-American Commonwealth of Nations Reference Category:Canada Category:Languages in North America Category:Historical Canada Category:Canadian Culture


Question: what is the smallest kind of ban

Kamir

Kamir, sometimes written Khamir, is a typical food of Pemalang of Arab country origin.


Question: what is the smallest kind of ban

Kamir

The cake is made from wheat dough, butter, and eggs, sometimes mixed with ingredients such as banana ambon or tape.


Question: what is the smallest kind of ban

Kamir

Kamir there are two types, namely kamir rice and kamir wheat.


Question: what is the smallest kind of ban

Kamir

Pemalang city market more wheat kamir because it is durable while kamir rice only by order. [1]


Question: what is the smallest kind of ban

Kamir

Some people call it by the name Samir. [2]


Question: what is the smallest kind of ban

Kamir

Kamir shape This cake is round, flat brown and almost resembles an apem cake or serabi but slightly larger and bantet.


Question: what is the smallest kind of ban

Kamir

While the size varies, the largest is up to as big as a circle of dinner plates.


Question: what is the smallest kind of ban

Kamir

While the smallest as large as a bowl circle.


Question: what is the smallest kind of ban

Kamir

Those sizes depend on the order.


Question: what is the smallest kind of ban

Kamir

It was even ever going to be made gigantic size but failed because it did not mature evenly.


Question: what is the smallest kind of ban

Kamir

According to the story, the first person to make kamir cake was an Arab resident who lived in Mulyoharjo Village, which is also known as Kampung Arab.


Question: what is the smallest kind of ban

Kamir

The name kamir itself is not clearly derived from what name.


Question: what is the smallest kind of ban

Kamir

Is it derived from the word khamer (Arabic) meaning to forgive or from the name of the person of Arab descent itself.


Question: what is the smallest kind of ban

Kamir

But what is approaching the possibility is that the name Kamir comes from the word Khamir which in Arabic means yeast, in the process of making this kamir cake before cooking, first let it stand overnight so that it can expand perfectly and the fermentation process occurs.


Question: what is the smallest kind of ban

Kamir

Footnote Reference Tabloid Savi issue 139/th.vi/December 3-9, 2008.


Question: what is the smallest kind of ban

Kamir

Outside Links Category:Indonesian Snacks Category:Indonesian Cake


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

The Nile (Arabic: النيل, romanized:an-nīl or Egyptian/Coptic iteru), in Africa, is one of the two longest rivers on Earth.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

The Nile flows for 6,650km or 4,132 miles and bisects no less than nine countries namely: Ethiopia, Zaire, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Sudan, South Sudan and of course Egypt.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

Because the Nile has the same meaning in the history of the Egyptians (especially ancient Egypt) then the Nile is identical to Egypt.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

The Nile has a very important role in the civilization, life and history of the Egyptian people since thousands of years ago.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

One donation from the Nile is its ability in producing fertile soils as a result of sedimentation along its watersheds.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

This fertile soil allowed the Egyptian population to develop agriculture and civilization dating back thousands of years.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

Etymology The name of the Nile is derived from Greek Νείλος Neilos whose meaning literally is “river valley”.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

The source of the Nile Springs was sourced in the lake region of modern-day Rwanda and Burundi.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

These sources drain into D. Victoria, and from here a river flows into D. Albert (D. Mobutu Sese Seko); more to the north the stream is known as the White Nile.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

In Khartoum, the S. White Nile unites with the Blue Nile which like a waterfall flows downward from the mountains in northern Ethiopia.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

To the north of Khartoum, it forms the parent of the Nile, and receives water from the only other major river, the S. Atbara, which unites with the S. Nile roughly 300km to the northeast of Khartoum.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

The Nile then flows meandering through the barren uplands of northern Sudan, passing through six stretches of hard granite rock that form six cascades between Khartoum and Aswan that were the border between the Nubia region and ancient Egypt.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

Finally, having lost much of its water due to evaporation by the scorching hot sun and because of the need for Egyptian irrigation, roughly 2,700km to the north of Khartoum, the Nile empties into the Middle Sea.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

The Nile Delta of the Nile Valley is rather narrow almost along the flow of the Nile.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

In Nubia the river mostly flows through canyons whose two sides border the desert.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

To the north of Aswan, in an area that used to be Upstream Egypt, the Nile Valley widens, but the precipitous cliffs on either side are never more than roughly 20km apart.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

However, just in the area north of modern-day Cairo, the river was divided into two main branches, now called S. Rosetta and S. Damietta, according to the names of port cities located at the estuaries of both branches of this river in coastal Central L.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

This branching of S. Nile forms the swampy Nile Delta.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

In ancient times, S. Nile had other branches; classical Greek historians and geographers mention the existence of five to seven branches.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

Later, the branches of this river and some of its waterways were covered with silt deposits so that they shrink or disappear.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

Annual Flooding Benefits Annual


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

The unique nature of this great river is that every year it overflows and results in floods along its banks which are packed with agricultural villages.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

This overflow occurs as a result of heavy seasonal rains (as well as melting snow from the mountains) in Ethiopia so that the S. Blue Nile turns into a torrential flow towards its connection with the S. White Nile, while bringing lush silt deposits from the Ethiopian flatlands.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

The Atbara River also caused the overflow of S. Nile. Before there was the Aswan High Dam, this state of affairs caused river levels in Egypt to start rising since June, peaking in September, and thereafter receding little by little.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

At low tide, the water leaves behind highly fertile soil deposits in the form of a thin layer of silt.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

As a land that hardly ever experiences rain, the agriculture of Egyptians depends entirely on annual floods in the low-lying flats.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

If water overflow is low, the effect is the same as the dry season resulting in starvation; while too high overflow results in damage to irrigation facilities (or houses).


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

The Egyptians' concern for the exact amount of water overflow is evident from the discovery of the Nilometer (a gauge of river surface height) at ancient sites.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

Without this flood the wilderness not far from there would extend up to on both sides of the river.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

However, the tide of S. Nile, with few exceptions, was so regular that throughout its history, Egypt was luminary for its abundant harvest and agrarian wealth.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

In order for some of the floodwaters to be stored for irrigation later during the growing season, Egyptians built earthen embankments to contain muddy water in large reservoirs.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

The Nile is also a major thoroughfare for the whole country.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

Boats heading north sail following the river's current, while those heading south (against the current) are driven by winds that usually blow inland from the Central L. on the north.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

Merchant ships from Phoenicians and Crete could sail against the current all the way to Tebes and further afield.


Question: What are the number of countries that cross the Nile?

Nile

See also Aswan Dam Nile Delta Sahara Desert Outlinks Nile Nile Category:Rivers in Tanzania Category:Places in the Bible


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

JMPL|200px|The arabesque motif in the Alhamraseni building of Islam is a fine art that flourished during the birth until the end of the golden age of Islam.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

This range can be defined as covering the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Middle East, and Europe from the beginning of the advent of Islam in 571 AD until the decline of Ottoman Turks.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Although in fact Islam and its art are spread much more widely than that and still persist today.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Islamic art is a typical discussion with the principle of fine art that has specificity when compared to the fine arts known at this time.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

But his own role is considerable in the development of modern fine art.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Among other things in the emergence of contemporary elements such as abstraction and philosophy of beauty.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Islamic fine art also gave rise to the inspiration of calligraphic processing into ornamental motifs.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

The decoration in Islamic fine art is more to mask the original nature of the architectural medium than many found at this time, furnishings.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

This decoration is known by the term arabesque.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Relics of Islamic fine art are many in the form of mosques, palaces, book illustrations, and tapestries.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

The overall picture of Islamic Art is not art that focuses on religion alone but also encapsulates the rich and various cultures of Islam.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

He often uses secular elements as well as elements that are disliked by Islamic theologists, even if they are not forbidden. [1]


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Islamic art flourished rather than many sources, with the art styles of Rome, early Christian art, and Eastern Roman art being absorbed into early Islamic fostering art and art, particularly pre-Islamic Persian Sassanid art.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

The Central Asian style was also absorbed through sudden attacks by various nomads.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Chinese art is also one of the important influences in Islamic painting, pottery, and textiles. “[2]


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Islamic painting contains repetitive elements, for example, the use of flowery or vegetable geometry designs in a reuterative style recognized as arabes.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Arabes in Islamic painting are often used to symbolize the superior, unhappy, and unlimited nature of God. [3]


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

The evasiveness of repetition in Islamic painting may be deliberated as a humble appearance by his painters who believe that only Allah can produce perfection.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

However, this theory has been established. [4] [5] [6] Most adherents of Sunni Islam and adherents of Shia Islam believe that the depiction of a common being is haram.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

After all, paintings related to man can be found during the entire age of Islamic art.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

The lambastion of man for the purpose of idolatry is forbidden by Islamic law which is recognized as Shari'ah.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

However, there are many depictions of Muhammad, the main Prophet of Islam, in historical Islamic art. [7] [8] The characteristics and periodization of Islamic art do not stand alone like Buddhist or Western art.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

He is a combination of the art of the conquered regions due to the expansion by Islamic empires around the Middle East, North Africa, Asia Minor, and Europe and the conquest by the Mongols.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

The area is defined as Persian, Egyptian, Moorish, Spanish, Byzantine, Indian, Mongolian, and Seljuk.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

In addition, it also found influence due to trade relations, such as China.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

This is due to the poor art of native Arabic at that time although in the field of literature and music actually showed amazing things.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

This diversity of influences makes Islamic art very rich.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

This can especially be seen from Islamic architecture that shows the combined complexions of various regions.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

The original art of the Arabic Jazirah The original art of the Arabic Jazirah can be seen from the architecture around the Makkah region and Medina.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Both cities were centers of government during the time of the Prophet Muhammad.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Usually the original architecture of the Arabic Peninsula is in the form of a simple rectangular building that functions as a place of worship.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

The central part is an open field surrounded by pillars, walls, and rooms.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

The field serves as a place of prayer congregation and at the front of the qibla there is a pulpit for khatibs who give religious lectures.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

An example of a building that still shows the characteristics of this architecture is the Prophet Mosque.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Umayyad fine art in Umayyad times was heavily influenced by Byzantine art, as a result of the transfer of the Islamic center of government from Makkah to Syria.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

This fine art shows many features of early Christian art, namely the forms of basilicas and towers.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

As can be seen in the Umayyad Mosque which was originally the Johannes Church in Damascus.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

The interior of this mosque was cultivated by Greek artists from Constantinople.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

At this time a variety of decorative mosaics and stucco influenced by geometric repetition as a sign of the rapid development of science.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

In addition the distinctive features of the field in the center of the mosque began to be replaced by a large room closed by a dome.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

At this time, there are also known califah who pay great attention to the preservation of mosques, namely Kalifah Abdul Malik and Kalifah al-Walid.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Kalifah Abdul Malik built the Coral Rock Dome (also known as Quber esh Sakhra Mosque and Mosque of Umar) as a reminder of the place where the Prophet Muhammad rose to the heavens during the Isra-Miraj event.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

In addition, it was also built Al Aqsa Mosque.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

The Umayyad dynasty also left many palaces that have their own characteristics, namely buildings in the middle of an alienated desert, although many have now been damaged.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

An example is the Kusair Amra Palace.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Inside this palace there are also paintings, such as the Painting of the Six Kings.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Fine art Abbasyiah The development of fine arts of this period began since 747 AD as a result of the collapse of the Umayyad Dynasty due to the revolution by the Abbasiyah Family together with Shia groups.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

This fine art was concentrated in the center of the new government in the Baghdad area and later moved to Sammara, Persia (now the territory of Iran and Iraq).


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Although in fact Baghdad was the center of government and culture, the assault by the Mongols made almost all the relics in this area wiped out, so more evidence of works was obtained in the surrounding areas.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Fine arts in this era advanced due to the smooth trade with the peoples of Syria, China, India, and even the archipelago.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

In addition began many translations of ancient Greek writings, so the art of illustration flourished.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Important relics from this time are Mutawakkil Mosque, Abu Delif Mosque, and former kalifah palace.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Mosques at this time are characterized by the ancient buildings of mesopotamia, namely minarets that are increasingly reduced at the ends and Kufa alphabetic ornamental motifs, which are ornamental motifs of sharp and rigid calligraphy.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

In addition was found the shape of a curved pole.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

The transfer of power from the Abbasyiah family to Fatimiyah and the transfer of the capital to Egypt made the influence of North African art strong.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Turkish fine art. Turkic influence gained from the conquest of Iran by the Turks in the 11th century A.D.Under this rule Eastern Romans, Iran, Mesopotamia, and Asia Minor united under Islamic empires.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

In these times the flourishing fine arts were decoration and textiles.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Among other things was found the technique of ornamental bricks.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

In addition it is found calligraphy with nashi alphabets and also many influences of Chinese ceramic-ceramics from the Sung dynasty.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Fine art of Córdoba Beginning in 750, The fine art of Córdoba encompasses Spanish and Moorish areas.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

An example of his relics is the Mosque of Córdoba.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

It is a combination of classical Greek art and local art that is not well organized into a single entity.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Its main feature is the curling of the horseshoe.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

A distinctive feature of the fine art of the Moors is the wearing of motifs inspired by the repetition of measuring science.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Controversy over fine art law There is a lot of opinion regarding fine arts in Islam.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

The conservative view that was popular at the beginning of the emergence of Islam thought that all forms of imitation were an attempt to rival the perfection of God and the form of desire to create a new God.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

But many say that no matter how the result of human creation will still not be able to match what God has created or God Himself, so that fine art cannot be considered just plagiarization, but also accompanied by a stillation that shows the majesty of the Creator .


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

While other opinions are formed on the influence of European culture, which considers the process of fine art to be normal, it cannot be considered as an attempt to create a new being or a new God, so there is absolutely no need to be forbidden.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

In any case it is very difficult to find sculptural relics from Islamic fine art, because of its history that is directly related to the actions of idols.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

But it is not difficult to find the forms of living things in the form of furniture.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Also easily can be found paintings on the walls of the palace and illustrated drawings for books of translation of science although only as imitations of the original book illustrations.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

See also the Reference Califah of Yoedosepoetro, Wiyoso.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Diktat History of Islamic Fine Arts.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Jakarta Institute of Arts.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Jakarta:1999 Janson, Horst Woldemar.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

History of Art.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Editor: Patricia Egan.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Harry N. Abrams, Inc.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

New York:1977 Lewis, Bernard.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Introduction in The World of Islam: Faith, People, Culture.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

Editor: Bernard Lewis.


Question: does Church Architecture exist that are Islamic nuances?

Islamic fine art

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Islamic fine art

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Islamic fine art

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Islamic fine art

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Islamic fine art

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Islamic fine art


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Islamic fine art

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Islamic fine art

Category:Islam


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android (/ˈæn.drɔɪd/; an-droyd) is a Linux-based operating system designed for touchscreen moving devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. [11]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android was originally developed by Android, Inc., with financial support from Google, which later purchased it in 2005. [12]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The operating system was officially released in 2007, along with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of hardware, software, and telecommunications companies aimed at advancing the open standards of mobile devices. [13]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The first Android phones went on sale in October 2008. [14]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android user interfaces are generally direct manipulations, using touch gestures similar to real actions, such as sliding, tapping, and pinching to manipulate on-screen objects, as well as virtual keyboards for writing text.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

In addition to touchscreen devices, Google has also developed Android TV for televisions, Android Auto for cars, and Android Wear for watches, each of which has a different user interface.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android variants are also used on portable computers, game consoles, digital cameras, and other electronic equipment. [15]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android is an open-source operating system, and Google releases its code under the Apache License. [11]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Open source code and licensing licenses on Android allow the software to be freely modified and distributed by device makers, wireless carriers, and application developers.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

In addition, Android has a large number of application developer communities (apps) that extend the functionality of the device, generally written in a customization version of the Java programming language. [16]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

In October 2013, there were more than one million apps available for Android, and about 50 billion apps had been downloaded from Google Play, the main Android app store. [17] [18] A survey in April—May 2013 found that Android was the most popular platform for people developers, used by 71% of mobile app developers. [19]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

At Google I/O 2014, Google reported there were more than one billion monthly active users of Android, an increase from 583 million in June 2013. [20]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The above factors have contributed to the development of Android, making it the most widely used smartphone operating system in the world, [21] beating Symbian in 2010. [22]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android is also an option for tech companies who want a low-cost, customizable, lightweight operating system for high-tech devices without having to develop it from scratch. [23]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The open nature of Android has also prompted the emergence of a large number of app developer communities to use open source code as the basis for app creation projects, by adding new features for advanced users or operating Android on devices that was officially released using another operating system. [24]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

As of November 2013, Android controlled the share of the global smartphone market, led by Samsung products, with a percentage of 64% in March 2013. [25]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

As of July 2013, there are 11,868 different Android devices with various versions. [26]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The success of this operating system has also made it the target of patent ligitation “smartphone wars” among technology companies. [27] [28] Through May 2013, a total of 900 million Android devices have been activated worldwide, and 48 billion applications have been installed from Google Play. [ 29] [30] Android History, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, in October 2003 by Andy Rubin (founder of Danger), [31] Rich Miner (founder of Wildfire Communications, Inc.), [32] Nick Sears [33] (former VP of T-Mobile), and Chris White (head of WebTV interface design and development) [12] for developing “smart mobile devices that are more aware of their user's location and preferences”. [12]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The original goal of Android development was to develop an advanced operating system intended for digital cameras, but later it was realized that the market for such devices was not large enough, and Android development was shifted for the smartphone market to rival Symbian and Windows Mobile (Apple's iPhone had not been released at the time). [34]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Although Android developers are experienced technology experts, Android Inc. operated secretly, it was only revealed that the developers were creating a software intended for mobile phones. [12]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Still that same year, Rubin ran out of money.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Steve Perlman, a close friend of Rubin, loaned him $10,000 in cash and rejected an offer of stock in the company. [35]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Google acquired Android Inc. on August 17, 2005, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Google.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android Inc. founders such as Rubin, Miner and White remained employed at the company after it was acquired by Google. [12]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

After that, not much is known about the development of Android Inc., but many presumptions state that Google plans to enter the mobile phone market with this action. [12]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

At Google, a team led by Rubin began developing a mobile device platform using the Linux kernel.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Google markets the platform to mobile device manufacturers and wireless carriers, with the promise that they provide flexible, updatable systems.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Google has selected several software and hardware company partners, and signaled to mobile operators that this cooperation is open to anyone wishing to participate. [36] [37] [38] Speculation about Google's intention to enter the mobile communications market continues to grow until December 2006. [39]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The BBC and Wall Street Journal report that Google is working hard to include its apps and search engine on mobile devices.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Various print media and online media indicate that Google is developing mobile devices under the Google brand.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Some of them speculate that Google has determined its technical specifications, including mobile phone manufacturers and network operators.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

In December 2007, InformationWeek reported that Google had filed several patent applications in the field of mobile telephony. [40] [41] On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance (OHA) was established.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

OHA is a consortium of tech companies such as Google, mobile device manufacturers such as HTC, Sony and Samsung, wireless carriers such as Sprint Nextel and T-Mobile, as well as chipset manufacturers such as Qualcomm and Texas Instruments.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

OHA itself aims to develop open standards for mobile devices. [13]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

At that time, Android was unveiled as its first product; a mobile device platform using the Linux kernel version 2.6. [13]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The first commercial mobile phone to use the Android operating system was the HTC Dream, which was launched on October 22, 2008. [42]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

In 2010, Google released the Nexus series; smart phone and tablet devices with the Android operating system produced by mobile phone manufacturer partners such as HTC, LG, and Samsung.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

HTC is working with Google in releasing the first Nexus smartphone product, the Nexus One. [43]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

This series has been updated with newer devices, for example, the Nexus 4 smartphone and the Nexus 10 tablet produced by LG and Samsung. [44]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

On October 15, 2014, Google announced the Nexus 6 and Nexus 9 produced by Motorola and HTC. [45]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

On March 13, 2013, Larry Page announced in his blog post that Andy Rubin had moved from the Android division to work on new projects at Google. [46]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

He was replaced by Sundar Pichai, who previously served as head of the Google Chrome division, which developed Chrome OS. [44]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Since 2008, Android has gradually made a number of updates to improve the performance of the operating system, add new features, and fix bugs contained in previous versions.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Each major version released was named alphabetically based on the names of desserts or sugared snacks; for example, version 1.5 was named Cupcake, which was later followed by version 1.6 Donut.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The latest version is 5.0 Lollipop, which was released on October 15, 2014. [47]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Features Interface User interface on Android is based on direct manipulation, [48] using touch input similar to actions in the real world, such as swiping (swiping), tapping, and pinching, to manipulate objects on the screen. [48]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

User input is responded quickly and there is also a touch interface like a water surface, often using the vibration capabilities of the device to provide haptic feedback to the user.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Internal hardware such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and proximity sensors are used by some applications to respond to user actions, for example to adjust the position of the screen from portrait to landscape, depending on how the device is positioned, or allow the user to steer the vehicle while playing races by rotating the device as a steering wheel control simulation. [49]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

When turned on, the Android device will load on the front screen (homescreen), namely the main navigation and information center on the device, similar to the desktop on a personal computer.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android's front screen usually consists of app icons and widgets; app icons serve to run related apps, while widgets display live and auto-update content, such as weather forecasts, user email inboxes, or show news tikers directly from the front screen. [50]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The front screen can consist of several pages, users can swipe back and forth between one page to another, allowing Android users to set the appearance of the device according to their tastes.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Some third-party apps available on Google Play and in other app stores are extensively capable of reorganizing Android's front-screen theme, and can even emulate the look of other operating systems, for example Windows Phone. [51]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Most mobile phone manufacturers and wireless carriers customize the appearance of their homemade Android devices to differentiate them from their competitors. [52]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

At the top of the screen is a status bar, which displays information about the device and its connectivity.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

This status bar can be “pulled” down to open a notification screen showing important information or app updates, such as emails received or incoming SMS, by not interfering with user activities on the device. [53]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

In early versions of Android, this notification screen could be used to open relevant apps, but once updated, this function is further enhanced, for example, the ability to call back phone numbers from missed call notifications without having to open the main app. [54]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

This notification will remain until the user sees it, or it is deleted and disabled by the user.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android apps allow users to install third-party apps, either obtained from app stores such as Google Play, Amazon Appstore, or by downloading and installing APK files from third-party sites. [55]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

On Google Play, users can browse, download, and update apps published by Google and third-party developers, in accordance with Google compatibility requirements. [56]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Google Play will filter the list of available apps based on their compatibility with users' devices, and developers can limit their created apps to specific carriers or countries for business reasons. [57]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

App purchases that do not match the user's liking can be returned within 15 minutes of download. [58]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Some mobile operators also offer direct billing for app purchases on Google Play by adding app purchase prices to users' monthly bills. [59]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

In September 2012, there were more than 675,000 apps available for Android, and the estimated number of apps downloaded from the Play Store was 25 billion. [60]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android applications are developed in the Java programming language using the Android software development kit (SDK).


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

This SDK consists of a set of development tools, [61] including a debugger, a software library, a handset emulator based on QEMU, documentation, sample code, and tutorials.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Officially supported by the Eclipse integrated development environment (IDE), which uses the Android Development Tools (ADT) plugin.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Other development tools available include the Native Development Kit for applications or extensions in C or C++, Google App Inventor, visual environments for novice programmers, and various cross-platform mobile web application frameworks.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

In order to deal with Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China, Android devices sold on RRT are generally adapted to country-approved services. [62]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Memory management Because Android devices are generally battery-powered, Android is designed to manage memory (RAM) to maintain minimal power consumption, in contrast to desktop operating systems that can connect to unlimited power sources.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

When an Android app is no longer in use, the system will automatically suspend it (suspend) in memory—technically it is still “open”, but by being suspended, it will not consume resources (e.g. battery power or processing power), and will” silent” in the background until the app is reused.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

This method has the dual benefit of not only improving the response of Android devices because apps don't need to be closed and reopened from scratch at any time, but also ensuring that apps running in the background don't spend power in vain. [63]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android manages apps stored in memory automatically: when memory is weak, the system will disable inactive applications and processes for a while, applications will be disabled in reverse order, starting from the last one used.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

This process is invisible to the user, so the user does not need to manually manage memory or disable the application. [64]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

However, user confusion over memory management on Android has led to the emergence of several popular third-party task killer apps on Google Play. [65]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Hardware requirements Until November 2013, the latest version of Android required at least 512MB of RAM, [66] 32-bit ARMv7 processors, MIPS architecture, or x86, [5] as well as OpenGL ES 2.0 compatible graphics processing units (GPUs). [67]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The main hardware platform on Android is the ARM architecture.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

There is also support for x86 from the Android-x86 project, [5] and Google TV using a special x86 version of Android.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

In 2013, Freescale announced involving Android in its artificial i.MX processors, namely the i.MX5x and i.MX6x series. [68]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

In 2012, Intel processors also began to appear on the main Android platforms, for example, on mobile phones. [69]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Some hardware components are not required, but they are already standard in certain devices.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Some features were initially needed as requirements, but were later dispensed with.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

After Android became a smartphone OS, some hardware, such as microphones, gradually turned into optional devices.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

In addition, the camera is designated as a mandatory device for Android phones. [70]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android devices incorporate a variety of optional hardware components, including video cameras, GPS, hardware orientation sensors, game controls, accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometers, magnetometers, proximity sensors, pressure sensors, thermometers, and touchscreens.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android supports OpenGL ES 1.1, 2.0, and 3.0.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Some applications explicitly require certain versions of OpenGL ES, so suitable GPU hardware is required for Android devices to run certain applications. [67]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android development was developed privately by Google until the latest changes and updates were ready for release, and information regarding the source code also began to be disclosed to the public. [71]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

This source code will only run without modification on certain devices, usually on the Nexus series. [72]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

There are separate binaries provided by the manufacturer for Android to operate. [73]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The green Android logo was originally designed for Google in 2007 by graphic designer Irina Blok. [74] [75] [76] The design team was tasked with a project to create an easily recognizable universal icon by including specific robot icons in the final design.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

After a number of design developments based on themes of science fiction and space films, the team finally drew inspiration from the human symbol contained on the toilet door, and modified its shape into a robotic shape.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Since Android is open-source software, it was agreed that the logo should also be open, and since its release, the green logo has been redesigned again in countless variations. [77]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Google's update schedule provides key updates for the Android version, with a timeframe every six to nine months.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Most devices are capable of receiving updates over the air (OTA). [78]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The latest major update is Android 6.0 Marshmallow. [79]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Compared to the mobile operating system of its main rival, iOS, Android updates are usually slower to receive by its users' devices.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

For devices other than the Nexus brand, usually new updates can be received within months of the release of the official version. [80]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

This is due to the large variety of Android hardware, so each update must be customized specifically, for example: Google's official source code runs only on Nexus devices.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Porting Android on certain hardware done by mobile phone manufacturers takes time and process, these manufacturers generally give priority to their latest devices to receive updates, and streamline older devices. [80]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Therefore, old smartphones are often not updated if the manufacturer decides that it is just time-consuming, although in fact the device is capable of receiving updates.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

This problem is compounded when manufacturers adapt Android to the interface and applications of their creation, which this must be reapplied for each recent release.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Other delays could also be caused by wireless carriers; after receiving updates from mobile phone manufacturers, carriers would adapt them to their needs, for example conducting extensive testing of the network before sending updates to users. [80]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The lack of post-sales support from mobile phone manufacturers and carriers has raised criticism from consumers and technology media. [81] [82] Some critics state that the industry has financial motives not to update their devices, such as the absence of updates for old devices and updating new devices with the aim of increasing sales, [83] an attitude they call “insulting”. [82]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The Guardian reported that the complicated update method occurred because it was the manufacturer of the phone and its operator who had designed it that way. [82]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

In 2011, Google, working with a number of industrial companies, formed the “Android Update Alliance”, with the promise that they would provide updates in a timely manner for each device within 18 months after the release of the official version. [84]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Since its founding until 2013, the organization has never been touted again. [80]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Google then began updating its apps, including Google Maps and Google Play Music, as independent apps separate from Android, and also introduced system-level components that provide APIs for Google apps, which are auto-installed and updated directly by Google through Google Play, as well as supports almost all Android devices with versions above 2.2. [85]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Linux kernel Until November 2013, Android used a kernel based on Linux kernel version 3.x (version 2.6 on Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich and its predecessors).


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The middle devices, software libraries, and APIs are written in C, and the application software runs on application frameworks, including the Java-compatible library based on Apache Harmony.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android uses Dalvik virtual machines with timely compilation to run Dalvik's' dex-code '(Dalvik Executable), usually translated from Java bytecode. [86]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The architecture of the Linux kernel on Android has been changed by Google, in contrast to the development cycle of the usual Linux kernel. [87]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

By default, Android does not have the original X Window System or the full set support of standard GNU libraries.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Therefore, it is difficult to port Linux libraries or applications on Android. [88]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Support for simple C and SDL applications can be done by injecting Java shim and using JNI, [89] for example on the Jagged Alliance 2 port for Android. [90]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

One feature that Google tried to contribute for the Linux kernel was a power management feature called “wakelocks”, but this feature was rejected by major kernel developers because they felt that Google had not shown its intention to develop its own code. [91] [92] [93] April 2010, Google announced that it would hire two employees to develop the Linux kernel community, [94] however, Greg Kroah-Hartman, maintainer of the stable version of Linux kernel, stated in December 2010; he was concerned that Google was no longer trying to change the main Linux code. [92]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Some Android developers at Google hint that “the Android team is already getting saturated with this process”, because they are just a small team and are forced to do urgent work for the sustainability of Android. [95]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

In August 2011, Linus Torvalds stated: “eventually Android and Linux will return on the common kernel, but probably for the next four or five years”. [96]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

In December 2011, Greg Kroah-Hartman announced the start of the Android Mainlining Project, which aims to restore some of Android's drives, patches, and features on the Linux kernel, beginning with Linux 3.3. [97]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

After previous attempts failed, Linux eventually included wakelocks and autosleep features on the 3.5 kernel.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The interface is still the same, but the new Linux implementation has two different suspend modes: suspension to storage (traditional suspension used by Android), and suspension to discs (hibernation, similar to features present on desktops). [98]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Inclusion of this new feature will be completed in Kernel 3.8, Google has opened a public code repository containing their experimental work to redesign Android with Kernel 3.8. [99]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Flash storage on Android devices is divided into partitions, such as “/system” for the operating system, and “/data” for installation of applications and user data. [100]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Unlike the Linux desktop distribution, Android device owners are not granted root access on the operating system, and sensitive partitions such as /system are read-only.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

However, root access can be obtained by exploiting security flaws on Android, this way is often used by open source communities to improve the performance of their devices, [101] but can also be utilized by irresponsible parties to spread viruses and destructive device. [102]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Related to the issue of whether Android can be classed into Linux distributions is still widely debated. [103]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The Linux Foundation and Chris DiBona, [104] Google's head of open sources, support this.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Whereas others, such as Google technician Patrick Brady, opposed it, he reasoned that Android was less supportive of most GNU tools, including glibc. [105]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The Android open source community has an active community of developers and enthusiasts who use Android source code to develop and distribute modified versions of their homemade Android. [106]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

These developer communities often provide updates and new features for devices faster when compared to manufacturers/operators, even though they do not undergo extensive testing or lack quality assurance. [24]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

They strive to continue providing support for older devices that no longer receive official updates, or modify Android devices to run using other operating systems, such as the HP TouchPad.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

These communities often release updates for pre-rooted devices, and contain modifications that are not suitable for non-technical users, for example the ability to overclock or over/undervolt the device processor. [107]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

CyanogenMod is the community's most widely used firmware, and is the basis for a number of other firmware. [108]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Historically, device manufacturers and mobile operators have typically not supported firmware development by third parties.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Manufacturers are concerned that there will appear unsuitable functions if the device uses unofficial software, so it will lead to the appearance of additional costs. [109]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

In addition, modified firmware such as CyanogenMod sometimes offer features that make operators have to incur premium costs, for example tethering.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

As a result, technical constraints such as lockdown (bootloader) and limited root access can generally be encountered on most Android devices.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

However, software made by the developer community grew in popularity, and after the United States Congress of Librarians allowed the “jailbreaking” of mobile devices, [110] mobile phone manufacturers and carriers began to soften their attitude towards third-party developers.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Several mobile phone manufacturers, including HTC, [109] Motorola, [111] Samsung [112] [113] and Sony, [114] began to provide support and encourage third-party software development.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

As a result, the hardware restriction constraints for installing unofficial hardy devices began to gradually diminish after an increasing number of devices that have the ability to unlock the bootloader, the same as the Nexus series of phones, although users had to lose the warranty of the device they if do. [109]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

However, even though mobile phone manufacturers have approved third-party software development, some mobile operators in the United States still require their users' phones to be “locked”. [115]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The ability to unlock and hack systems on smartphones and tablets continues to be a source of debate among developer communities and industry; the community reasoned that unofficial development was undertaken because the industry failed to provide timely updates for users, or to stay continue the latest version support for their older devices. [115]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Security and privacy Android apps run in a sandbox, an isolated area that has no access on the system, except for access permissions explicitly granted by the user when installing the app.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Before installing the application, the Play Store will display all the necessary permissions, for example: a game needs to activate vibration or save data on the SD Card, but it does not need permission to read SMS or access the phone book.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

After reviewing these permissions, users can choose to accept or reject them, and can install the app only if they receive them. [116]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Sandbox and permissions systems on Android can reduce the impact of bug vulnerabilities on apps, but developer ignorance and limited documentation have resulted in apps routinely requesting unnecessary permissions, reducing their effectiveness. [117]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Several software security companies such as Avast, Lookout Mobile Security, [118] AVG Technologies, [119] and McAfee, [120] have released their created antivirus software for Android devices.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The software actually does not work effectively because the sandbox also works on those applications, thus limiting its ability to scan the system in greater depth. [121]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The results of research by security firm Trend Micro show that premium service abuse is the most common type of malware that attacks Android; text messages will be sent from an infected phone to a premium phone number without consent or knowledge users. [122]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Other vandals will display unwanted ads on the device, or send personal information to unauthorized third parties. [122]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Security threats on Android are reported to be growing gradually, but technicians at Google state that malware and virus threats on Android are simply exaggerated by antivirus companies for commercial reasons, [123] [124] and accuse the antivirus industry of taking advantage of the situation to sell its products to users. [123]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Google confirms that the presence of malicious destructive devices on Android is actually very rare, [124] and a survey conducted by F-Secure shows that only 0.5% of Android destroyers come from Google Play. [125]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Google recently used its Google Bouncer destructive scanner to keep tabs on and scan apps on Google Play. [126]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

It aims to flag suspicious apps and warn users of potential problems with apps before they download them. [127]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android version 4.2 Jelly Bean was released in 2012 with enhanced security features, including a vandal scanner included in the system; this scanner not only checks for apps installed from Google Play, but can also scan apps downloaded from sites third party.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The system will provide alerts notifying users when apps try to send premium text messages, and block those messages, unless the user allows them. [128]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android smartphones have the ability to report the location of Wi-Fi access points, especially if the user is on the move, to create databases containing the physical locations of hundreds of millions of such access points.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

This database forms an electronic map that can position the location of the smartphone.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

It allows users to run apps such as Foursquare, Google Latitude, Facebook Places, and to deliver location-based ads. [129]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Some third-party monitoring software can also detect when personal information is sent from an app to a remote server. [130] [131] Android's open-source nature allows security companies to customize devices with highly secure uses.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

For example, Samsung is working with General Dynamics through the “Knox” Open Kernel Labs project. [132] [133] In September 2013, it was revealed that the intelligence agencies of the United States and Britain; the NSA and the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), have access to user data on devices iPhone, Blackberry, and Android.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

They can read almost the entire information on the smartphone, including SMS, location, email, and notes. [134]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Source code license for Android is available under open source and free software licenses.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Google publishes most of the code (including network and telephone codes) under the Apache License version 2.0. [135] [136] [137] The rest, Linux kernel changes are under the GNU General Public License version 2.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Open Handset Alliance develops changes to the Linux kernel with open source code that is purified all the time.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

For the rest, Android is privately developed by Google, with the source code published to the public when the new version is launched.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Usually Google works with hardware manufacturers to develop a “flagship” device (e.g. the Google Nexus series) accompanied by a new version of Android, then publishes its source code after the device is released. [138]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

In early 2011, Google chose to temporarily withhold the Android source code for tablets released with version 3.0 Honeycomb.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

According to Andy Rubin in an official Android blog post, the reason is because Honeycomb was released to run on Motorola Xoom products, [139] and Google did not want third parties to “worsen the user experience” by trying to operate a version of Android intended for tablets on phones smart. [140]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The source code was finally published in November 2011 with the release of Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich. [141]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

While it is open-ended, device manufacturers cannot use Google's Android trademark, unless Google certifies that it complies with their Compatibility Definition Document (CDD).


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Devices must also meet the licensing requirements of Google's closed-source applications, including Google Play. [142]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation have criticized the intricacy of the Android brand, and recommend alternative operating systems such as Replicant. [143] [144] They argue that hardware drives and hardy devices are necessary to operate Android is exclusive, and Google Play also offers paid software.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Reception JMPL|left|Eric Schmidt, Andy Rubin, and Hugo Barra at the Google Nexus 7 tablet launch press conference.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android was warmly welcomed when it was unveiled in 2007.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

While analysts are impressed by the renowned technology company partnering with Google to form the Open Handset Alliance, it is still doubtful whether mobile phone manufacturers will be willing to replace their operating systems with Android. [145]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The idea of an open source and Linux-based development platform has attracted the interest of technology experts, [146] but there have also arisen concerns regarding the intense competition Android will face with established players in the smartphone market such as Nokia and Microsoft. [147]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Nokia responded to it by stating: “we don't see this as a threat," [148] while one member of Microsoft's Windows Mobile team stated: “I don't understand, what impact they will produce. “[148]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Android quickly grew to become the most widely used smartphone operating system, [23] and became “one of the fastest mobile operating systems ever. “[149]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Reviewers hailed Android's open-source nature as one of the defining strengths of its success, allowing companies such as Amazon (Kindle Fire), Barnes & Noble (Nook), Ouya, Baidu, and others, to flock to release software and hardware which can operate on the Android version.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

As a result, tech site Ars Technica called Android a “standard operating system for launching new hardware” for companies without having to have its own mobile platform. [23]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The open and flexible nature of Android is also enjoyed by users: Android allows its users to customize its devices extensively, and apps are also freely available in non-Google app stores and on third-party websites.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

This factors into one of the advantages that Android phones have when compared to other phones. [23] [150] Although Android is very popular, with device activation rates three times higher than iOS, there are reports stating that Google has not been able to take advantage of their products to the maximum, and web services ultimately turn Android into a money-earner, as analysts had previously predicted. [151]


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

The Verge argues that Google has lost control of Android because of the breadth of customization that developers and users can do, also because of the high proliferation of non-Google apps and services—for example Amazon Kindle Fire directs users to visit Amazon apps store, which competes directly with Google Play.


Question: When were Wi-Fi LED smart lights invented?

Android (operating system)

Google's SVP, Andy Rubin, whose position as head of the Android division was replaced in March 2013, was blamed for failing in building healthy partnerships with mobile phone manufacturers.