Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

However, software made by the developer community grew in popularity, and after the United States Congress of Librarians allowed the “jailbreaking” of mobile devices, [110] mobile phone manufacturers and carriers began to soften their attitude towards third-party developers.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Several mobile phone manufacturers, including HTC, [109] Motorola, [111] Samsung [112] [113] and Sony, [114] began to provide support and encourage third-party software development.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

As a result, the hardware restriction constraints for installing unofficial hardy devices began to gradually diminish after an increasing number of devices that have the ability to unlock the bootloader, the same as the Nexus series of phones, although users had to lose the warranty of the device they if do. [109]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

However, even though mobile phone manufacturers have approved third-party software development, some mobile operators in the United States still require their users' phones to be “locked”. [115]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

The ability to unlock and hack systems on smartphones and tablets continues to be a source of debate among developer communities and industry; the community reasoned that unofficial development was undertaken because the industry failed to provide timely updates for users, or to stay continue the latest version support for their older devices. [115]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Security and privacy Android apps run in a sandbox, an isolated area that has no access on the system, except for access permissions explicitly granted by the user when installing the app.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Before installing the application, the Play Store will display all the necessary permissions, for example: a game needs to activate vibration or save data on the SD Card, but it does not need permission to read SMS or access the phone book.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

After reviewing these permissions, users can choose to accept or reject them, and can install the app only if they receive them. [116]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Sandbox and permissions systems on Android can reduce the impact of bug vulnerabilities on apps, but developer ignorance and limited documentation have resulted in apps routinely requesting unnecessary permissions, reducing their effectiveness. [117]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Several software security companies such as Avast, Lookout Mobile Security, [118] AVG Technologies, [119] and McAfee, [120] have released their created antivirus software for Android devices.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

The software actually does not work effectively because the sandbox also works on those applications, thus limiting its ability to scan the system in greater depth. [121]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

The results of research by security firm Trend Micro show that premium service abuse is the most common type of malware that attacks Android; text messages will be sent from an infected phone to a premium phone number without consent or knowledge users. [122]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Other vandals will display unwanted ads on the device, or send personal information to unauthorized third parties. [122]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Security threats on Android are reported to be growing gradually, but technicians at Google state that malware and virus threats on Android are simply exaggerated by antivirus companies for commercial reasons, [123] [124] and accuse the antivirus industry of taking advantage of the situation to sell its products to users. [123]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Google confirms that the presence of malicious destructive devices on Android is actually very rare, [124] and a survey conducted by F-Secure shows that only 0.5% of Android destroyers come from Google Play. [125]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Google recently used its Google Bouncer destructive scanner to keep tabs on and scan apps on Google Play. [126]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

It aims to flag suspicious apps and warn users of potential problems with apps before they download them. [127]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Android version 4.2 Jelly Bean was released in 2012 with enhanced security features, including a vandal scanner included in the system; this scanner not only checks for apps installed from Google Play, but can also scan apps downloaded from sites third party.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

The system will provide alerts notifying users when apps try to send premium text messages, and block those messages, unless the user allows them. [128]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Android smartphones have the ability to report the location of Wi-Fi access points, especially if the user is on the move, to create databases containing the physical locations of hundreds of millions of such access points.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

This database forms an electronic map that can position the location of the smartphone.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

It allows users to run apps such as Foursquare, Google Latitude, Facebook Places, and to deliver location-based ads. [129]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Some third-party monitoring software can also detect when personal information is sent from an app to a remote server. [130] [131] Android's open-source nature allows security companies to customize devices with highly secure uses.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

For example, Samsung is working with General Dynamics through the “Knox” Open Kernel Labs project. [132] [133] In September 2013, it was revealed that the intelligence agencies of the United States and Britain; the NSA and the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), have access to user data on devices iPhone, Blackberry, and Android.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

They can read almost the entire information on the smartphone, including SMS, location, email, and notes. [134]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Source code license for Android is available under open source and free software licenses.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Google publishes most of the code (including network and telephone codes) under the Apache License version 2.0. [135] [136] [137] The rest, Linux kernel changes are under the GNU General Public License version 2.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Open Handset Alliance develops changes to the Linux kernel with open source code that is purified all the time.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

For the rest, Android is privately developed by Google, with the source code published to the public when the new version is launched.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Usually Google works with hardware manufacturers to develop a “flagship” device (e.g. the Google Nexus series) accompanied by a new version of Android, then publishes its source code after the device is released. [138]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

In early 2011, Google chose to temporarily withhold the Android source code for tablets released with version 3.0 Honeycomb.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

According to Andy Rubin in an official Android blog post, the reason is because Honeycomb was released to run on Motorola Xoom products, [139] and Google did not want third parties to “worsen the user experience” by trying to operate a version of Android intended for tablets on phones smart. [140]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

The source code was finally published in November 2011 with the release of Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich. [141]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

While it is open-ended, device manufacturers cannot use Google's Android trademark, unless Google certifies that it complies with their Compatibility Definition Document (CDD).


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Devices must also meet the licensing requirements of Google's closed-source applications, including Google Play. [142]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation have criticized the intricacy of the Android brand, and recommend alternative operating systems such as Replicant. [143] [144] They argue that hardware drives and hardy devices are necessary to operate Android is exclusive, and Google Play also offers paid software.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Reception JMPL|left|Eric Schmidt, Andy Rubin, and Hugo Barra at the Google Nexus 7 tablet launch press conference.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Android was warmly welcomed when it was unveiled in 2007.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

While analysts are impressed by the renowned technology company partnering with Google to form the Open Handset Alliance, it is still doubtful whether mobile phone manufacturers will be willing to replace their operating systems with Android. [145]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

The idea of an open source and Linux-based development platform has attracted the interest of technology experts, [146] but there have also arisen concerns regarding the intense competition Android will face with established players in the smartphone market such as Nokia and Microsoft. [147]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Nokia responded to it by stating: “we don't see this as a threat," [148] while one member of Microsoft's Windows Mobile team stated: “I don't understand, what impact they will produce. “[148]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Android quickly grew to become the most widely used smartphone operating system, [23] and became “one of the fastest mobile operating systems ever. “[149]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Reviewers hailed Android's open-source nature as one of the defining strengths of its success, allowing companies such as Amazon (Kindle Fire), Barnes & Noble (Nook), Ouya, Baidu, and others, to flock to release software and hardware which can operate on the Android version.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

As a result, tech site Ars Technica called Android a “standard operating system for launching new hardware” for companies without having to have its own mobile platform. [23]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

The open and flexible nature of Android is also enjoyed by users: Android allows its users to customize its devices extensively, and apps are also freely available in non-Google app stores and on third-party websites.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

This factors into one of the advantages that Android phones have when compared to other phones. [23] [150] Although Android is very popular, with device activation rates three times higher than iOS, there are reports stating that Google has not been able to take advantage of their products to the maximum, and web services ultimately turn Android into a money-earner, as analysts had previously predicted. [151]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

The Verge argues that Google has lost control of Android because of the breadth of customization that developers and users can do, also because of the high proliferation of non-Google apps and services—for example Amazon Kindle Fire directs users to visit Amazon apps store, which competes directly with Google Play.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Google's SVP, Andy Rubin, whose position as head of the Android division was replaced in March 2013, was blamed for failing in building healthy partnerships with mobile phone manufacturers.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

The main leader of Android products in the global market is Samsung; one of its products, Galaxy, has been instrumental in the introduction of the Android brand since 2011. [152] [153] While other Android phone manufacturers such as LG, HTC, and Google-owned Motorola Mobility, have fought hard for marketing its products since 2011.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Ironically, at a time when Google didn't get anything from the proceeds from selling Android products directly, Microsoft and Apple instead managed to win a lawsuit over patent royalty payments from Android device manufacturers. [152]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Android is also said to be very “fragmented”, [154] that is a condition when various Android devices, both in terms of hardware variations and differences in running software, are tasked with developing applications to run consistently, more complicated by comparison with iOS, whose applications vary less. [155]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

For example, according to OpenSignal data in July 2013, there are 11,868 models of Android devices with various screen sizes and Android versions, while most iOS users use iPhone devices with the latest version. [155] [156] Tablets Despite the success in smartphones, the adoption of Android for tablet computers initially runs slow. [157]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

One of the main causes is the presence of a situation known as “chicken or egg”, that is, the conditions when consumers are hesitant to buy an Android tablet due to the lack of high-quality tablet applications, while on the other hand, the developers are also hesitant to spend time and their resources to develop tablet applications until the availability of a significant market for those products. [158] [159] The content and “ecosystem” of applications proved to be more important when compared to hardware specifications after the commencement of tablet sales.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Due to the lack of applications for tablets in 2011, Android tablets were initially forced to install apps reserved for smartphones, so the screen size did not match the large screen of the tablet.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

In addition, the sluggish growth of Android tablets is also due to the dominance of Apple's iPad which has many iOS apps compatible with tablets. [159] [160] The growth of Android tablet apps has slowly begun to increase, however, at the same time, a large number of tablets are using other operating systems such as the HP TouchPad and BlackBerry PlayBook were also released to the market to capitalize on the success of the iPad. [159]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

InfoWorld dubbed this business with the designation “Frankenphone business”; a short-term low-investment opportunity that imposes the use of an optimized Android smartphone OS (before Android 3.0 Honeycomb for tablets was released) on devices by ignoring the user interface.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

This approach failed to grab market traction with consumers and worsen the reputation of Android tablets. [161] [162] What's more, some Android tablets like the Motorola Xoom are priced at the same price, or more expensive than the iPad, which further worsens sales.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

An exception is in Amazon's Kindle Fire, which is sold at a cheaper price and the ability to access content and the “ecosystem” of Amazon apps. [159] [163] This began to change in 2012 with the release of the Nexus 7, and the encouragement from Google to developers to create Better tablet apps. [164]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Android tablet market share finally succeeded in overtaking the iPad in mid-2012. [165]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Market share Research firm Canalys estimates that in the second quarter of 2009, Android had a 2.8% share of smartphone sales worldwide. [166]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

In the fourth quarter of 2010, this number jumped to 33%, becoming the world's best-selling smartphone platform. [21]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Through the third quarter of 2011, Gartner estimates more than half (52.5%) of the global smartphone market is controlled by Android. [167]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

According to IDC, in the third quarter of 2012, Android controlled 75% of the global smartphone market share. [168]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

In July 2011, Google revealed that there were 550,000 new Android devices activated each day, [169] increasing from 400,000 per day in May, [170] and in total, more than 100 million Android devices have been activated worldwide, [171] with a growth of 4.4% per week. [169]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

By September 2012, 500 million Android devices had been activated, with 1.3 million activations per day. [172] [173] In May 2013, at Google I/O, Sundar Pichai announced that the total of Android devices that had been activated amounted to 900 million. [174]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Android's market share varies by location.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

In July 2012, Android's market share in the United States was 52%, [175] and increased up to 90% in RRT. [176]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

During the third quarter of 2012, the worldwide share of the Android smartphone market was 75%, [168] with total enabled devices totaling 750 million and 1.5 million activations per day. [173]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

In March 2013, Android's share in the global smartphone market was led by Samsung products, which was 64%.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Market research firm Kantar reports that Google's besutan platform accounted for more than 70% of all smartphone device sales in RRT during this period.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Still in the same period, the level of loyalty to the use of Samsung products in the UK (59%) was the second highest after Apple (79%). [25]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Until November 2013, Android's market share was rumored to have reached 80%.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Of the 261.1 million smartphones sold in August, September, and October 2013, about 211 million of them were Android devices. [177]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Platform usage The table below shows data on the percentage of the number of Android devices accessing Google Play recently, and running a specific version of the Android platform until September 9, 2014.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Android 4.1/4.2/4.3 Jelly Bean is the most widely used version of Android, which is approximately 53.7% of all Android devices worldwide. [178]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

App hijacking There are some concerns regarding the ease of Android paid apps to be hijacked. [181]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

In May 2012, Eurogamer, the developer of Football Manager, stated that the ratio of pirated players vs. original players was 9:1 on their home-made games. [182]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

However, not all developers take issue with this piracy rate; in July 2012, the developers of the game Wind-up Knight revealed that the piracy rate on their games is only 12%, and most of it comes from China, a country whose Android users cannot buy apps from Google Play. [183]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

In 2010, Google released a tool that serves to validate official purchases for use in applications, but developers complain that it is not efficient enough.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Google countered that the tool was intended as a sample framework for developers to modify and develop it according to their needs, not as a solution to end piracy. [184]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

In 2012, Google released a feature in Android 4.1 that encircled paid apps so that they could only run on the device from which they were purchased, but this feature was temporarily disabled due to technical issues. [185]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Legal issues Both Android and Android phone manufacturers have been involved in various patent law cases.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

On August 12, 2010, Oracle sued Google over allegations of copyright and patent infringement dealing with the Java programming language. [186]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Oracle initially demanded $6.1 billion in damages, [187] but this lawsuit was rejected by a United States federal court, which asked Oracle to revise its lawsuit. [188]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

In response, Google filed several defenses, claiming that Android did not infringe Oracle's patents or copyrights, that Oracle's patents were invalid, and several other defenses.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Oracle states that Android is based on Apache Harmony, a clean room implementation of Java class libraries, and independently developed a virtual machine called Dalvik. [189]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

In May 2012, the jury in the case found that Google had not infringed Oracle's patents, and the judge ruled that the Java API structure used by Google was not copyrighted. [190] [191] In addition to charges directly against Google, various “proxy wars” were also waged against Android indirectly by targeting Android device manufacturers, with the aim of minimizing the chances of such manufacturers adopting the Android platform and increasing the cost of launching Android products to the market. [192]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Apple and Microsoft sued several Android device manufacturers over patent infringement issues; Apple's prolonged lawsuit against Samsung became a highly publicized case.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

In October 2011, Microsoft revealed that it had entered into patent licensing agreements with ten mobile phone manufacturers whose products controlled 55% of the global market of Android devices, [193] including Samsung and HTC. [194]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

The patent infringement case between Samsung and Microsoft ended with an agreement that Samsung would allocate more resources to develop and market phones with Microsoft's Windows Phone operating system. [192]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Google has publicly expressed its frustration in facing a patent infringement lawsuit in the United States, alleging that Apple, Oracle, and Microsoft are working to undermine Android's digitality through patent litigation, instead of innovating and competing with how to create products and better service. [195]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

In 2011-2012, Google bought Motorola Mobility for $12.5 billion.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

The effort is seen as a move in Google's defense to protect Android, as Motorola Mobility holds more than 17,000 patents. [196]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

As of December 2011, Google also purchased more than a thousand patents from IBM. [197]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

In 2013, Fairsearch, an organization supported by Microsoft, Oracle, and others, filed a complaint against Android with the European Commission, stating that the free distribution of Android devices was a form of anti-competitive price competition.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

The Free Software Foundation Europe, which Google donates, denied Fairsearch's allegations. [198]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Use on other devices JMPL|150px|ka|Sony SmartWatch: an example of an Android companion device.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

The open and customizable nature of Android causes the operating system to also be used on other electronic devices, including laptops and netbooks, smartbooks, [199] Smart TVs (Google TV), and cameras (Nikon Coolpix S800c and Galaxy Camera). [200] [201] In addition, the Android operating system is also developed its applications on smart glasses (Google Glass), watches, [202] ear burgers, [203] car CDs and DVD players, [204] mirrors, [205] portable media players, [206] fixed networks, [207] and VoIP phones. [208]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Ouya, a video game console using the Android operating system, became one of Kickstarter's most successful products, funded by $8.5 million for its development, which was followed by other Android-based video game consoles such as Project Shield by Nvidia. [ 209] [210] In 2011, Google introduced “Android @Home “, a new automated technology that utilizes Android to control several household tools such as light contacts, power sockets, and thermostats. [211]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Controlling the lights is said to be controllable from an Android phone or tablet.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Android principal Andy Rubin asserted that “turning the lights on and off is nothing new, Google is thinking more ambitiously and the goal is to use its position as a cloud service provider to bring Google products into customers' homes. “[212]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

In August 2011, Parrot launched a car stereo system with the Android platform, known as Asteroid and equipped with voice commands. [213] [214] In September 2013, Clarion released a car stereo system with the more advanced Android platform, known as AX1 and Mirage, uses Android 2.3.7 and 2.2 (Gingerbread) and comes with GPS-based navigation, a 6.5-inch display, and various options for wireless data access. [215] [216] Various other devices, although not using Android, are also designed with an interface that serves as a companion or complementary to Android devices, such as Sony's SmartWatch or Samsung's Galaxy Gear. [210]


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

See also Android version history Android Rooting Android software development List of Bada Android OS-related articles Reference Notes Outlink Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

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Question: When did Computer contact lenses start to be released?

Android (operating system)

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. on YouTube Category:Acquisition Google Category:Cloud Client Category:Linux Category:Google Software Category:Software of the Year 2008 Category:ARM Operating System Category:Mobile Phone


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

LOT Polish Airlines Flight 5055 was an Ilyushin Il-62M aircraft belonging to Polish airline, LOT, that crashed in the Kabaty Forest outside the city of Warsaw.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

The aircraft is named after Tadeusz Kościuszko, a Polish fighter in the 18th century. (2 Il-62 LOT aircraft bear this name, the one, is an Il-62 purchased in 1971, beregistrated SP-LAB, the second, which is the ill-fated aircraft, is an Il-62M purchased in 1984.).


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

This crash was the worst plane crash of 1987 and the worst plane crash in Poland.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

Background to the cause of the crash After the crash of the Il-62 SP-LAA (LOT Flight 007) aircraft, LOT Polish Airlines replaced it with a more modern and more capable version of the Il-62, the Il-62M.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

One of the advantages was the new engine (Soloviev D-30 replaced the Kuznetsov NK-8), but these two engines had the same critical point - a low-pressure turbine and almost the same engine design.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

According to the special commission of formations of the Polish government, this accident was due to the destruction of the shaft (engine shaft) due to the failure of the shaft bearing (roller bearing) that disengaged and resulted in the engine (precisely on engine number 2; deep left) heating up due to great friction, which eventually exploded and damage to aircraft controls entirely, especially in elevators, fires in cargo space (undetected as a result of broken smoke alarms on the aircraft), as well as electrical failure of the aircraft caused elevator damage.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

Such broken shaft bearings actually have 26 rotary rollers, but in that machine there are only 13 rollers, half the number they should be.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

This is due to the late supply of these rollers from the manufacturer, but because the purchase contract must be fulfilled immediately, the actual bearing is not finished it is still made and the engine (along with the aircraft) is still built.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

The number of rollers that do not fit this specification reduces rotary ability.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

To get around it, such rollers are added 3 holes for lubrication - this step violates the manufacturer's engineering recommendations.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

However, this causes after several thousand hours of operation, these bearings can turn into sliding bearings, which are very easy to heat up due to friction.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

It was this high heat that damaged the engine as a whole.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

The crash and crew of Flight 5055 took off from Okecie Airport, Warsaw (now Frederic Chopin Airport) at 10:18 a.m. local time with the destination of New York and will explore an altitude of 31,000 feet and directions to VOR Grudziadz at an altitude of 26,000 feet.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

The flight was led by Captain Zygmunt Pawlaczyk, aged 59, with 19745 flying hours (5542 hours with Ilyushin-62), and captain since 11 May 1978.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

His copilot was Leopold Karcher, His air mechanic was Wojciech Kłossek, the radio operator was Leszek Bogdan and Ryszard Chmielewski was in the cockpit as an air mechanic instructor and tasked with observing Wojciech Kłossek's performance as an air mechanic.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

He was actually scheduled to serve on Flight 007 7 years earlier but he exchanged turns with a colleague.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

His chief flight attendants were Maria Berger-Sanderska, Hanna Chęcińska (who was sitting in a seat near the engine — when the engine exploded and decompression occurred, he was unconscious as a result of decompression and caught fire or sucked out the plane, his remains were never found), Małgorzata Ostrowska, Beata Płonka and Jolanta Potyra.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

After takeoff, this aircraft was ordered by ATC to ascend to an altitude of 6000 feet as quickly as possible because the route traversed was close to the Polish Air Force military exercise route at that time.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

They also perform maximum thrust to ascend.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

However, 9 minutes after that, the damaged bearing heated up and resulted in engine number 2 exploding, damaging the shaft bearings, engine shaft as well as the engine turbine.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

The detached piece damaged the elevator section (except vertical trim) of the number 1 engine (outer left) as well as the body part, which resulted in decompression (as in Flight 007 7 last year).


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

One of the sections (which caught fire) damaged one of the cargo spaces and resulted in a fire.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

Realizing the plane was in a state of distress, the crew attempted an emergency landing, at first in Gdansk but not possible as a result of the absence of time to waste fuel.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

A fuel dumping experiment was performed, but failed because an electrical malfunction resulted in the exhaust system malfunctioning.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

The crew also tried to land at the military airport in Modlin, despite not having emergency equipment like Warsaw but enough to land an Ilyushin Il-62, but it was cancelled and the crew continued to fly to Warsaw (some sources state ATC Modlin did not allow this aircraft to land at the airport that's because local regulations prohibit civilian aircraft from landing at military airports).


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

But other sources state that as a result of broken electrical wiring, the fire alarm system practically did not work.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

At 10:53 local time, the burning cargo room (coupled with fuel steam coming into the cargo room as a result of leaking tanks caused by lacing of turbine pieces) exploded.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

The crew tried to land in Warsaw from a southerly direction (due to strong winds) and made a turn, this maneuver damaging the aircraft's controls entirely (the vertical trim was eventually damaged and burned by the spreading fire).


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

As the plane passed through the town of Piaseczno, the plane swooped sharply with the wing making an 11-degree left turn, and crashed into a forest, 5700 kilometres from Warsaw airport and was smashed to pieces in the blaze.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

From the cockpit voice recorder, the last words before the crash of this aircraft (at 11:12:13) were “Dobranoc!


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

Do widzenia!


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

Cześć, giniemy!”


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

(English: Goodbye, We will die!).


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

All 172 passengers (1 toddler; 17 passengers were from the United States) were killed.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

Post-crash the Government imposed national mourning for 2 days after this incident.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

World leaders expressed deep sorrow over this incident (including Pope John Paul II, who was actually also Polish).


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

Investigative reports were sent to the Soviet Union post-this incident.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

Its contents were improvements to cargo space (becoming non-flammable), control systems, engines, and smoke alarm systems.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

After the Polish Revolution of 1989, LOT Polish Airlines sold all of its Il-62s and used Boeing 767s for their transatlantic routes.


Question: What was the number of fatalities in the LOT crash of Polish Airlines Flight 5055?

LOT Flight 5055

Outside links at the Aviation Safety Network Category:Aviation accidents and incidents


Question: Where is the location of Palu Religious High Court?

High Court of Religion

The High Court of Religion is a judicial institution in the Religious Judicial environment which is based in the capital of the province.


Question: Where is the location of Palu Religious High Court?

High Court of Religion

As a Level Court of Appeal, the High Court of Religion has the duty and authority to adjudicate cases that are the authority of the Religious Court in the appellate level.


Question: Where is the location of Palu Religious High Court?

High Court of Religion

In addition, the High Court of Religion is also tasked and authorized to adjudicate in the first and last instance disputes the authority of adjudicating between Religious Courts in its area of law.


Question: Where is the location of Palu Religious High Court?

High Court of Religion

The High Court of Religion was formed through an Act with the statutory area covering the territory of


Question: Where is the location of Palu Religious High Court?

High Court of Religion

The makeup of the High Court of Religion consists of the Chairman (Chairman and Vice Chairman), Member Judges, Registrars, and Secretaries.


Question: Where is the location of Palu Religious High Court?

High Court of Religion

There are currently 28 High Courts of Religion throughout Indonesia.


Question: Where is the location of Palu Religious High Court?

High Court of Religion

Especially for the Province of Aceh, since March 3, 2003 the High Court of Religious Affairs of Banda Aceh was changed to the Central Court of Aceh Province.


Question: Where is the location of Palu Religious High Court?

High Court of Religion

List of High Court Religious Reference (in English) (in English) (in English) High Religion


Question: What is the number of members of the Indonesian Architects Association the first year

Indonesian Architects Association

The Indonesian Architect Association (IAI English:Indonesian Institute of Architects) is an architect profession organization in Indonesia.


Question: What is the number of members of the Indonesian Architects Association the first year

Indonesian Architects Association

Its secretarial office is located at Jakarta Design Center, Slipi, Jakarta. [1]


Question: What is the number of members of the Indonesian Architects Association the first year

Indonesian Architects Association

History On September 16, 1959, at Liem Bwan Tjie's residence on Jalan Wastukancana, Bandung, there was a meeting between senior Indonesian architects, who besides Liem were Frederich Silaban and Mohammad Soesilo, with 18 young architects graduates of ITB in 1958. [2] [3] Wrong—one The young architect was Achmad Noeman.


Question: What is the number of members of the Indonesian Architects Association the first year

Indonesian Architects Association

This is the first milestone in the history of the Indonesian Architects Association, which was finally established officially on September 17, 1959 in Bandung. [3]


Question: What is the number of members of the Indonesian Architects Association the first year

Indonesian Architects Association

About Indonesian Architects Association is a member of: The International Union of Architects (Union Internationale de Architectes - UIA) Architects Regional Council ASIA (ARCASIA) Construction Services Development Institute Membership IAI Membership is: Individuals, not bodies, institutions, or group of Active people, called to be members of their own volition and actively play a role in achieving specific organizational objectives for: Architects or those with a background of architectural higher education and or equivalent, who are knowledgeable in science, technology, and architectural arts as well as applying his knowledge and or expertise, has a related interest and in line and does not contradict the interests of the architect profession and the objectives of the organization, through the process of acceptance of members of a meritorious person in the development of the organization and profession of architects in Indonesia, in realizing the goals of the organization through the appointment process of members Reference Outside links (en/fr) Category:Organizations in Indonesia Category:Professional organizations


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean or Shady Ocean (from the Spanish Pacifico, meaning calm) is the largest area of water in the world, covering roughly one-third of the Earth's surface, with an area of 179.7 million km² (69.4 million mi²).


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

It is about 15,500km (9,600mi) long from the Bering Sea in the Arctic to ice restrictions in the Ross Sea in Antarctica to the south.


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean reaches its greatest east-west width at about 5 degrees U latitude, where it spans about 19,800 km (12,300mi) from Indonesia to the coast of Colombia.


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

The western boundary of this ocean is usually laid in the Strait of Malacca.


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

The lowest point of the Earth's surface—the Mariana Trough—is in the Pacific Ocean.


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

The ocean is located between Asia and Australia to the west, America to the east, Antarctica to the south and the Arctic Ocean to the north.


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean consists of about 25,000 islands (more than the number of islands located in other world oceans if merged), the majority of which lie south of the equator.


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

(See: Pacific Islands.)


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

At the limit of the Pacific Ocean there are many oceans, the largest of which are the Sulawesi Sea, the Coral Sea, the East China Sea, the Sea of Japan, the South China Sea, the Sulu Sea, the Tasman Sea and the Yellow Sea.


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

The Strait of Malacca connects the Pacific Ocean with the Indian Ocean to the west, and the Strait of Magelhaens connects the Pacific Ocean with the Atlantic Ocean to the east.


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

Portuguese explorer Fernando de Magelhaens was the one who named the Pacific Ocean.


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

For much of his journey from the Strait of Magelhaens towards the Philippines, Magellan did feel the tranquillity of those seas.


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

However, the Pacific Ocean is not always calm.


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

Where the Atlantic Ocean widens, the Pacific Ocean shrinks.


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

This causes many earthquakes.


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

Numerous whirlwinds and storms ravaged islands in parts of the Pacific and land around the Pacific was filled with volcanoes and often rocked by earthquakes.


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

The tsunami, caused by an earthquake on the seabed, has destroyed many islands and razed city buildings.


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

Characteristics Highest and lowest point: -10,924 m (-35,840 ft). at the base of the Mariana Trough The highest point: sea level 0 m. Distinctive of the waters Is the largest ocean in the world The ocean base is the epicenter for Japan and the west coast of the American continent There are many Sea mountains There are hot currents kuroshio (“”) and oyashio cold currents (“”) There are global climate symptoms namely el nino and la nina Climate In the Pacific Ocean often occur storms because it is the center of tropical storms Geology The ocean is the area of divergence of the oceanic plate move each other away.


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

The history of Vasco Nunez de Balboa was the first Spaniard and the first European to see this Ocean in 1513 when passing through the isthmus of Panama and named this ocean Mar del Sur or the southern ocean.


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

Bordering Countries that have coastlines bordering the Pacific Ocean are: Asian American Sovereign States Oceania Country/Regions dependencies Bibliographic Barkley, R.A., Oceanographic Atlas of the Pacific Ocean (1969) Cameron, I., Lost Paradise (1987) Couper, A., Development in the Pacific Islands (1988) Crump, D.J., ed., Blue Horizons (1980) Gilbert, John, Charting the Vast Pacific (1971) Lower, J. Arthur, Ocean of Destiny: A Concise History of the North Pacific, 1500-1978 (1978) Oliver, D.L.,


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Islands, 3d ed. (1989) Ridgell, R., Pacific Nations and Territories, 2d ed. (1988) Soule, Gardner, The Greatest Depths (1970) Spate, O.H., Paradise Found and Lost (1988) Stanley, David, Moon Handbooks South Pacific (2004) Terrell, J.E., Prehistory in the Pacific Islands (1986).


Question: what is the area of the pacific ocean?

Pacific Ocean

Based on the public domain text of


Question: Is the Algorithm Looping?

Congruent linear method

The linear congruent method (linear congruent method, can be abbreviated as LCM) is a random number generation method that is widely used in computer programs.


Question: Is the Algorithm Looping?

Congruent linear method

LCM makes use of linear models to evoke random numbers defined with: X n + 1 = (a X n + c) mod m {\ displaystyle X_ {n+1} =\ left (aX_ {n} +c\ right) ~~ {\ bmod {~}} ~m} [1] Where: xn = is a random number to n a and c is the maximum LCM constant m Random number The terms of selection of each parameter in the above equation are as follows [2]: a. m = modulus, 0 < m b. a = multiplier (multiplier), 0 < a < m c. c = Increment (value accretion), 0 ≤ c < m d.


Question: Is the Algorithm Looping?

Congruent linear method

X0 = initial value, 0 ≤ X0 < m e. c and m represent relative prime numbers f. a — 1 can be divided by the prime factor of m g. A — 1 represents a multiple of 4 if m is also a multiple of 4 h. A must be very large. The distinctive feature of the LCM is that there is a repeat at a certain period of time or after a certain amount of time Generation times, this is one of the properties of this method, and pseudo random generators in general.


Question: Is the Algorithm Looping?

Congruent linear method

Determination of the LCM constants (a, c and m) determines whether or not a random number obtained in the sense of obtaining random numbers that seem to have no repetition. [3]


Question: Is the Algorithm Looping?

Congruent linear method

Can be seen from the example below: the number of questions that have been stored in a database of 50 questions where each exam has 4 choices number of questions, namely 10 - 40 questions.


Question: Is the Algorithm Looping?

Congruent linear method

On each question the question number is used as a question code to simplify the randomization of the question.


Question: Is the Algorithm Looping?

Congruent linear method

In order not to experience repetition when randomizing the matter 10, 20, 30 or 40 times, it has been determined the value of the constants a =11, c=7, X0 (the initial value is drawn randomly where 0 ≤, X0 < m) = 1 and m = 50.


Question: Is the Algorithm Looping?

Congruent linear method

Thus obtained the result: X [1] = (11*1+7) mod 50.


Question: Is the Algorithm Looping?

Congruent linear method

Here is an application of the LCM method to randomization of the sequence of questions: x (1) = (11 (1) + 7) mod 50 = 18 x (2) = (11 (18) + 7) mod 50 = 5 x (3) = (11 (5) + 7) mod 50 = (11 (39) + 7 mod 50 = 36 x (6) = (11 (36) + 7) mod 50 = 3 x (7) = (11 (3) + 7) mod 50 = 40 x (8) = (11 (40) + 7) mod 50 = 47 x (9) = (11 (47) + 7) mod 50 = 24 x (10) = (11 (24) + 7) mod 50 = 21 x (11) = (11 (21) + 7) mod 50 = 38 x (12) = (11 (38) + 7) mod 50 = 25 (13) = 11 (25) + 7) mod 50 = 32 x (14) = (11 (32) + 7) mod 50 = 9 x (15) = (11 (9) + 7) mod 50 = 6 x (16) = (11 (6) + 7) mod 50 = 23 x (17) = (11 (23) + 7) mod 50 = 10 x (18) = (11 (10) + 7) mod 50 = 17 x (19) = (11 (17) + 7) mod 50 = 44 x (20) = (11 (44) + 7) mod 50 = 42 Then, the raised random number is: 18,, 12, 39, 36, 3, 40, 47, 24, 21, 38, 25, 32, 9, 6, 23, 10, 17, 44, 42.


Question: Is the Algorithm Looping?

Congruent linear method

Based on the above calculations it can be concluded that in the selection of the values of the constants on a, c and m have been appropriate and there is no looping in displaying the question at the time of conducting the exam.


Question: Is the Algorithm Looping?

Congruent linear method

For the value of Xn or the initial value will always change according to the number of times the user answers the question.


Question: Is the Algorithm Looping?

Congruent linear method

If when doing the test the first time, the value is Xn = 1, but if he did the test the second time the value Xn = 1 + 1 The number of questions available in the database or the number of m grades is 50, so the result of the random number/question number generated is a range from 0-49.


Question: Is the Algorithm Looping?

Congruent linear method

In the question number there is no question number 0 so if there is a lift 0 in one of the resulting question numbers it will be changed to the number 50. [4] [5] Reference Category:Number theory


Question: What is a double number?

Imaginary numbers

An imaginary number (English: imaginary number) is a number that has the property i 2 = −1.


Question: What is a double number?

Imaginary numbers

This number is usually a subset of complex numbers.


Question: What is a double number?

Imaginary numbers

By definition, this (part) imaginary number i {\ displaystyle i} is obtained from the completion of quadratic equations: x 2 + 1 = 0 {\ displaystyle x^ {2} +1=0\} or equivalently x 2 = −1 {\ displaystyle x^ {2} =-1\} or also often written as x = − 1 {\ displaystyle x= {\ sqrt {-1}}}.


Question: What is a double number?

Imaginary numbers

These imaginary and/or complex numbers are often used in electrical engineering and electronics to describe the properties of AC current (alternating current electricity) or to analyze physical waves that radiate in the direction of the x-axis following: e i (k x − ω t) = e j (ω t − k x) {\ displaystyle e^ {i (kx-\ omega t)} =e^ {j (\ omega t-kx)}\,}), with j=−i.


Question: What is a double number?

Imaginary numbers

Geometry interpretation In geometry, imaginary numbers are denoted as points on the vertical axis on the plane of complex numbers, described perpendicularly to the axis of the real numbers.


Question: What is a double number?

Imaginary numbers

One way to look at imaginary numbers is to imagine a line of numbers, incrementing positively to the right and incrementing negatively to the left, then at zero point “O” a line that can be viewed as an x-axis, a y-axis can be described as a a perpendicular line that increments “positive” (an imaginary number increments positive) towards the top, and increments negative (similarly to imaginary numbers) towards the bottom.


Question: What is a double number?

Imaginary numbers

This vertical axis is often called the “imaginary number axis” and is denoted by i</i>, I {\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle\ mathbb {I}}, or.


Question: What is a double number?

Imaginary numbers

In this representation, multiplication with—1 relates to a rotation of 180 degrees around the zero point. Multiplication by i relates to a 90 degree rotation in the “positive” direction (i.e., counterclockwise), and the equation i2 = −1 is interpreted as a statement that if applied two 90 degree rotations around the zero point, then the end result is a single rotation of 180 degrees.


Question: What is a double number?

Imaginary numbers

The concern that a 90 degree rotation in the “negative” direction (i.e., clockwise) also satisfies this interpretation.


Question: What is a double number?

Imaginary numbers

This reflects the fact that −i also solves the equation x2 = −1.


Question: What is a double number?

Imaginary numbers

Generally, multiplication by a complex number is equal to rotation around the zero point by the complex number argument, followed by its large-scale change.


Question: What is a double number?

Imaginary numbers

Quadratic root multiplication The multiplication of the square root of a negative number needs special attention.


Question: What is a double number?

Imaginary numbers

For example, [1] the following thinking is false: − 1 = i 2 = − 1 = (− 1) (− 1) = 1 {\ displaystyle -1=i^ {2} = {\ sqrt {-1}} {\ sqrt {-1}} = {\ sqrt {(-1) (-1)}} = {\ sqrt {1} =1} Fallacy (cy) created is the use of the rule √x√y = √xy, where the principle value of the root squares are computed each time, in fact only valid if x and y are duly bounded. [note 1] It is impossible to develop the definition of the value of the square root principle on all complex numbers by means of the usual multiplication rule.


Question: What is a double number?

Imaginary numbers

Thus √−1 in this context should be considered “meaningless”, or as a double-valued expression with possible values i and −i.


Question: What is a double number?

Imaginary numbers

See also Original number Integer number Complex number Real number Rational number Irrational number Prime number Composite number Fractional Imaginary Reference Note


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Iceland officially the Republic of Iceland (Icelandic: Ísland) is a Nordic country located in the northwest of Europe and north of the Atlantic Ocean, comprising the Island of Iceland and several smaller islands around it.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Iceland is located 300 kilometres east of Greenland and 1,000 kilometres from Norway.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The state has a population of 332,529 inhabitants and an area of 103,000 sq km, making it the least populated country in Europe. [1]


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The capital and largest city in the country is Reykjavík.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Reykjavík and its surroundings are dwellings for two-thirds of the population.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

History The first people to live in Iceland were the Irish monks who came in the early 9th century.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

In the mid-9th century, the Vikings migrated and lived in Iceland.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The first Viking to live in Iceland was Flóki Vilgerðarson.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

It was he who gave Iceland the name it is now.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Ingólfur Arnarson, a chieftain from Norway, lived and settled in southwestern Iceland and founded the town called Reykjavik.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Around the 930s, the rulers of Iceland began writing their country's constitution.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

They formed the Althing, a type of parliament headquartered in the town of Þingvellir.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Iceland can be said to be the oldest democratic systematic country that still survives today.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

In 985, Erik the Red was exiled from Iceland for having killed someone.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

He then sailed west and found Greenland.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Erik's son, Leif Erikson, discovered America in 1000 and named it Vinland.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The journey of Erik, Leif, and his followers is narrated in a saga.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

In 1262, Iceland became part of Norway until in 1814 Iceland became part of Denmark.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

At the end of the 19th century, many Icelandic residents wished to liberate from Denmark.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

In 1918, Iceland gained sovereignty, but the Danish king was still acclaimed to be the king of Iceland.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

When Germany occupied Denmark on April 9, 1940, the Althing decided that Iceland belonged to the people of Iceland.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

However, they still did not declare independence at that time.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The British army and following the United States took the initiative to occupy Iceland so as not to be attacked by Germany.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

In 1944, Iceland finally declared its independence.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

After World War II, Iceland became a member of NATO, but did not become a member of the European Union.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Between 1958 and 1976, there was three times the difference between Iceland and Britain about who had the right to take cod from the waters around Iceland.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Those wars are called the Cod Wars.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

There were no casualties in the war.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

In 1980, Vigdís Finnbogadóttir was elected president.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

She constituted the first female president of Iceland.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The Important Cities of Reykjavik are the capital of Iceland and hold an important role as a port city.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Other important towns include Akureyri, Kópavogur, Hafnarfjörður, Keflavík, and Vestmannaeyjar.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The inhabitants of Iceland The population of Iceland is predominantly Scandinavians.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The language they speak is Icelandic which has changed almost neither its spelling nor grammar for 1,000 years.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Icelanders can even read ancient sagas telling about the adventures of the Vikings without any meaningful difficulty.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Almost all Icelanders adhere to Lutheran stream Christianity.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Name Icelandic Last name is not known in Iceland.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

As we know the terms “bin” and “binti”, Icelanders use patronymic, where the suffix -son is used when he is a man and -dóttir when he is a woman.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

For example, Jón Stefánsson has a son named Gunnar.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Gunnar's final name is not Stefánsson like his father, but rather Gunnar Jónsson which means Gunnar bin Jón.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The same is true for women.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

If Jón Stefánsson has a daughter named Katrín, his last name is not Stefánsson, but Jónsdóttir.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

In this case, his name means Katrín binti Jón.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

In certain cases, a person's last name can also be taken not from his parents' first name, but from his second name.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

For example, when Jón is a son of Hjálmar Örn Vilhjálmsson, he may be named after Jón Hjálmarsson (Jón bin Hjálmar) or Jón Arnarson (Jón bin Örn).


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The reason is that his parents prefer his child be called by a middle name, rather than by a first name.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

It is quite common or maybe the middle name sounds more suitable with the child's first name.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Most Icelandic last names carry the name of their father, but in certain cases, it is a sounding name that is used for various reasons.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Sometimes the child or the mother wants to break social ties with the father.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

A number of feminists use this as a social statement.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Some of the others chose it just because of a matter of taste alone.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Regardless, the convention remains the same.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Guðjón bin Bryndís, would use the full name Guðjón Bryndísarson meaning Guðjón bin Bryndís.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

In many countries people call another person by his last name, but in Iceland people call another person by his first name.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

For example when people talk about Halldór Ásgrímsson they do not call him Ásgrímsson, but Halldór, it is almost the same as the call for people in most parts of Indonesia.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

There is also a name chosen to be the most used name in Iceland namely Guðrún (Gwuthrun), Guð: God, Rún: The secret knowledge of Icelandic Geography is located at the junction of the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The main island lies south from the Arctic Circumference, which passes through the small Icelandic island of Grímsey off the north coast of the main island.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The country lies between latitudes 63 and 68°N, and longitudes 25 and 13°W.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Iceland lies closer to mainland Europe than mainland North America; thus, the island is generally included in Europe for historical, political, cultural, and practical reasons.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Geologically, the island belongs to parts of both continental plates.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The nearest mainland from Iceland is Greenland (290 km).


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The nearest landmass in Europe is the Faroe Islands (420 km); Jan Mayen Island (570 km); Shetland and the Outer Hebrides, both about 740 km away; and mainland Scotland and Orkney, both about 750 km. Mainland Norway is about 970 km away. Iceland is the 18th largest island in the world, and the second largest island in Europe after the United Kingdom.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The area of the main island amounts to 101,826 sq km, but outside the entire country of Iceland is 103,000 sq km, of which 62.7% constitutes tundra.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

About 30 small islands are in Iceland, including Grímsey and the Vestmannaeyjar archipelago.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Lakes and glaciers cover 14.3% of its surface; only 23% is vegetated.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The largest lakes are the reservoirs Þórisvatn: 83-88 sq km and Þingvallavatn: 82 sq km; other important lakes include Lagarfljot and Mývatn.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Jökulsárlón is the deepest lake, 248 meters deep.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

There are many fyords along the Icelandic coastline, which is also where lies most of the settlement.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The island's interior, the Icelandic Plateau, is a combination of sand fields, mountains, and lava that makes it uninhabitable.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The main major cities are the capital city of Reykjavík, along with cities such as Kópavogur, Hafnarfjörður, and Garðabær, Reykjanesbær where the international airport is located, and the town of Akureyri in the north of Iceland.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Grímsey Island in the Arctic Circle is Iceland's northernmost dwelling place, while Kolbeinsey is Iceland's northernmost point. [2]


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Iceland has three national parks.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Vatnajokull National Park, Snaefellsjokull National Park, and Þingvellir National Park.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The geology of Iceland has many geysers, including Geysir, which is the origin for its definition in English, and also Strokkur, which erupts every 8—10 minutes.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

After going through a dormant phase, Geysir began erupting again after a series of earthquakes in 2000.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

After that Geysir became calmer and did not erupt often. [3]


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

With the widespread availability of geothermal power, and the utilization of many rivers and waterfalls for hydroelectric power generation, most residents have cheap access to hot water, heating, and electricity.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The island is arrayed over basalt.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Iceland has hundreds of volcanoes with about 30 active volcano systems. [4]


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Surtsey, one of the youngest islands in the world, is part of Iceland.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Named after Surtr, the island rose above sea level in a series of volcanic eruptions between November 8, 1963 and June 5, 1968. [2]


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Only scientists researching the growth of new life are allowed to visit the island. [5]


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

On 21 March 2010, the volcano at Eyjafjallajökull in southern Iceland erupted for the first time since 1821, leaving 600 people displaced from their homes. [6]


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Additional eruptions on April 14 forced hundreds of people to leave their homes. [7]


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Clouds from the resulting volcanic ash disrupted air travel across Europe. [8]


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

A major eruption occurred again on 21 May 2011.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

This time it is the Grimsvotn volcano, located under the thick ice of Europe's largest glacier, Vatnajökull.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Grimsvotn is one of Iceland's most active volcanoes, and this eruption was much more powerful than the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption, with ash and lava being catapulted 20 km into the atmosphere, creating large clouds. [9]


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Biodiversity About 1,300 insect species are present in Iceland, a low figure when compared to other countries (more than one million species have been found worldwide).


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The only native mammal when humans arrived was the Arctic fox.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Sometimes, bats are carried to the island by the wind, but they can not breed there.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Polar bears occasionally come from Greenland, but they only visit, and there is no population in Iceland.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

There are no native reptiles or amphibians in Iceland.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Icelandic animals included Icelandic sheep, cows, chickens, goats, sturdy Icelandic horses, and Icelandic shepherds, all breeds of animals imported by Europeans.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Wild mammals include Arctic foxes, mink, rats, rabbits, and deer.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Polar bears occasionally visit the island, riding icebergs from Greenland.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

In June 2008, two polar bears arrived within the same month.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Marine mammals such as grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and harbor seals or harbor seals (Phoca vitulina).


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Many species of fish live in the ocean waters around Iceland, and the fishing industry is a large part in Iceland's economy, about half of the country's total exports come from these industries.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Birds, especially seabirds, are an important part of Iceland's animal life.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Puffin, skua, and kittiwake nest on sea cliffs.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Arctic foxes constitute Iceland's only native mainland mammal and also the only mammal that existed before the arrival of humans.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

An Icelandic sheep the Icelandic Horse Political Demographics Government of Iceland is a representative democratic state and a parliamentary republic.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The modern parliament, the Alþingi was established in 1845 as an advisory body to the Danish king.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Currently they have 63 members, who are elected for a maximum term of four years.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The president is elected on the basis of most votes to a four-year term, with no term limits.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Elections of the president, Alþingi, and local municipality councils are all held separately every four years.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The Icelandic military has no permanent army, but the Icelandic Coast Guard which also guards the Icelandic Air Defense System, and the Icelandic Crisis Response Unit to support peacekeeping missions, carry out para-military work.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The Icelandic Defense Force (IDF) was the military command of the United States Armed Forces from 1951 to 2006.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The IDF, created at NATO's request, was made when the United States signed a treaty to provide for Iceland's defense.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The IDF is also made up of Icelandic civilians and military members of other NATO countries.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

The IDF was downsized after the end of the Cold War and the U.S. Air Force maintained 4-6 interceptor aircraft at Naval Air Station Keflavik, until they were withdrawn on 30 September 2006.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Since May 2008, NATO countries have periodically deployed guerrillas to patrol Icelandic airspace over Icelandic Air Police missions. [10] [11] Iceland supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq despite much controversy from the people, deploying a coastguard EOD team to Iraq, which later replaced by members of the Icelandic Crisis Response Unit


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Iceland also participated in the ongoing conflict in Afghanistan and Operation Allied Force of 1999.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Despite the financial crisis, the first new patrol boat in decades was launched on 29 April 2009.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

According to the Global Peace Index, Iceland is the most peaceful country in the world, due to its lack of armed forces, low crime rate, and high level of socio-political stability.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Iceland is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as “The most peaceful ranked country” and “lowest military spending per capita”.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

See also List of countries in the world Further reading reference (in English) Transclusion error outlinks: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: what is the season that Iceland has?

Icelandic

Category:Countries in Northern Europe


Question: what is the epitome of potassium on the periodic table?

List of elements by name

Below is a list of chemical elements, sorted by name, and colors indicate the type of element.


Question: what is the epitome of potassium on the periodic table?

List of elements by name

In each of the elements include: elemental emblem, atomic number, atomic mass or the most stable isotope, as well as group and period number in the periodic table. width="150"flourEmblem fAtomic Number 19Mass AtomClassPeriodeactiniumaC89 [227] 7Aluminumal1326,9815386 (8) 133amerisiumam95 [243] 7Antimony (Stibium) Sb51121,760 (1) 155Argentum → Silver47107,8682 (2) Gonar1839,948 (1) 183Arsenika3374,92160 (2) 154astatinat85 [210] 176Aurum → GoldsAu79196,966569 (4) 116Bariumba56137,327 (7) 26Sulfur (Sulfur) S1632,065 (5) 163beriumBK97 [247] 7berylliumbe49,012182 (3) 22Iron (Ferrum) Fe2655,845 (2) 84bisMutbi83208,98040 (1) 156BobhriumhhhriumhhRiumbhRi [264] 77BoronB510,811 (7) 132BroMBR 3579,904 (1) 174Cuprum →TembagaCu2963,546 (3) 114DarmStadtiumds110 [271] 107dubniumdb105 [262] 57Disprosiumdy66162,500 (1) 6eInsteiniumes99 [252] 7Gold (Aurum) Au79196,966569 (4) 116erBiumer68167,259 (3) 6europiumeu63151,964 (1) 6FermiumFM100 [257] 7Ferrum →Besi2655,845 (2) 84FleroviumFl114 [289] 147FluorF918,9984032 (5) 172FosForp1530,973762 (2) 153FransiumFr87 [223] 17GadoliniumGD64157,25 (3) 6GaliumGA3169,723 (1 ) 134GermaniumGe3272,64 (1) 144HafNiumHF72178,49 (2) 46HassiumHS108 [277] 87HeLiumHe24,002602 (2) 181hydrogenh11,00794 (7) 11HolmiumHo67164,930 32 (2) 6Hydrargyrum →RaksahG200,59 (2) 126indiumin49114,818 (3) 135iodine→Yodiumi53126,904 47 (3) 175iridiumir77192,217 (3) 96IterBiumyB70173.04 (3) 6iTriumy3988,90585 (2) 35KadmiumCD48112,411 (8) 125KaliumK1939,0983 (1) 14KalsiumCA2040,078 (4) 24KaliforniumCF98 [251] 7KarbonC612,0107 (8) 142KlorCl1735,453 (2) 173KromCR2451,9961 (6) 64KlorCl1735,453 (2) 173KromCR2451,9961 (6) 64KlorCl1735,453 (2) 173KromCR2451,9961 (6) 64kobalt58,933195 (5) 94CoopernisiumCN112 [285] 127KuriumCM96 [247] 7kriptonKr3683,798 (2) 184LantanumLA57138,90547 (7) 6lawRensiumLR103 [262] 37LitiumLi36,941 (2) 12LiverMoriumLV116 [292] 167LuteTiumLu71174,967 (1) 36MagnesiumMG1224,3050 (6) 23ManganMN2554,938045 (5) 74MeItNeriumMMT109 [268] 97MendeleViumMD101 [258] libdenmo4295,94 (2) 65natriumna1122,98976928 (2) 13neodimiumnd60144,242 (3) 6neonne1020,1797 (6) 182nePTuniumNP93 [237] 7NikelNi2858,6934 (2) 104NioBiumNB4192,906 38 (2) 55nitRogenN714,0067 (2) 152NoBeliumNo102 [259] 7osMiuMos76190.23 (3) 86oxyGeno815,9994 (3) 162PaladiumpD46106.42 (1) 105Silver (Argentum) Ag47107,8682 (2) Plumbum→timbalpb82207.2 (1) 146potasium→Kaliumk1939,0983 (1) 14sodium→natriumna1122,98976928 (2) 13platinapt78195,084 (9) 106PlutonIumPu94 [244] 7PoloniumPo84 [210] 166praseodimiumpr59140,90765 (2) 6ProMetiUmpM61 [145] 6proTaktiniUmpA91231,03588 (2) 7RadiumRa88 [226] 27RadonRn86 [220] 186Raksa (Hydrargyrum) G80200,59 (2) 126ReniumRe75186,207 (1) 76RodiumRh45102,905 50 (2) 95RoentGeniumRg111 [272] 117RubidiumRB3785,4678 (3) 15RutEniumRu44101,07 (2) 85RutherForDiumRF10426147SamariumSm62150,36 (2) 6SKANDIUMSC2144,955912 (6) 34SeaborgiumsG106 [266] 67SeleniumSe3478,96 (3) 164SeriumCe58140,116 (1) 6SiumSe3478,96 (3) 164SeriumCe58140,116 (1) CS55132,9054519 (2) 16Siliconci1428,0855 (3) 143SengZn3065,409 (4) 124stannum→Timahsn50118,710 (7) 145stibium→AntimonsB51121,760 (1) 155StrontiumsR3887,62 (1) 25TaliumTL81204,3833 (2) 136tantalUMTA73180,94788 (2) 56TekNetiumTC43 [98] 75TeLuriumTe52127,60 (3) 165Copper (Cuprum) Cu2963,546 (3) 114TerBiumTB658,92535 (2) 6Tin (Stannum) Sn50118,710 (7) 145Lead (Plumbum) Pb82207.2 (1) 146Titaniumti2247,867 (1) 44toriumth90232,03806 (2) 7TuliumTM69168,93421 (2) 6Tungsten → WolframW74183,84 (1) 66unOktiumuUo118 [294] 187UnpentiumuUp115 [288] 157UntriumuUut113 [284] 137UraniUmu92238,02891 (3) 7vanadiumV230,94450,9415 (1) 54Wolfram (Tungsten) W74183,84 (1) 66XenonXE54131,293 (6) 185yoDiumI53126,904 47 (3) 175Zinc → Sengzn3065,409 (4) 124ZirconiumZr4091,224 (2) 45 Note This element has no stable core.


Question: what is the epitome of potassium on the periodic table?

List of elements by name

Values in box brackets, for example [209], indicate the mass number of the isotope with the longest life time on the element.


Question: what is the epitome of potassium on the periodic table?

List of elements by name

However, there are three elements (Thorium, Protactinium, and Uranium) that have the characteristics of “terrestrial isotopic composition”, so what is shown is the atomic mass given.


Question: what is the epitome of potassium on the periodic table?

List of elements by name

The isotopic composition of this element varies in some geological specimens, and the variation may exceed as shown in this table.


Question: what is the epitome of potassium on the periodic table?

List of elements by name

The isotopic composition of this element may vary in commercial matter, which can cause atomic weight to deviate significantly from the values shown in this table.


Question: what is the epitome of potassium on the periodic table?

List of elements by name

Isotopic composition varies in terrestrial matter, so a more precise (precise) atomic weight cannot be given.


Question: what is the epitome of potassium on the periodic table?

List of elements by name

The atomic weight of commercial Lithium can vary between 6,939 and 6,996—specific analysis of the material is required to find more accurate values.


Question: what is the epitome of potassium on the periodic table?

List of elements by name

Reference Atomic Weights of the Elements 2001,.


Question: what is the epitome of potassium on the periodic table?

List of elements by name

Retrieved June 30, 2005.


Question: what is the epitome of potassium on the periodic table?

List of elements by name

Atomic weight with atomic number 1-109 is taken from this source. (2005).


Question: what is the epitome of potassium on the periodic table?

List of elements by name

Retrieved June 30, 2005.


Question: what is the epitome of potassium on the periodic table?

List of elements by name

Atomic weight with atomic number 110-116 is taken from this source.


Question: what is the epitome of potassium on the periodic table?

List of elements by name

See also Chemical elements derived from people names Chemical elements derived from place names List of etymology of chemical element names List of elements by atomic number Category:List of chemical stubs * en:List of elements by name


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Rolls-Royce Holdings plc is a British multinational company that through many of its subsidiaries designs, manufactures, and distributes engines for aircraft and so on.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Rolls-Royce Holdings is headquartered in Westminster, London. [3]


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

The company is the second largest aircraft engine manufacturer in the world, [4] and has also become a big player in the ship engine and energy generation business.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

In 2011, Rolls-Royce was also the 16th largest defence contractor in the world. [5] [6] [7] Rolls-Royce was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was also one of the components in the FTSE 100 Index.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

In June 2013, Rolls-Royce had a market capitalisation of £22.22billion, the 24th largest of all companies listed on the London Stock Exchange. [8]


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

History of JMPL|Ka|240px|Rolls-Royce Merlin engines for Avro York aircraft 1906 - 1971 Rolls-Royce Limited was founded in 1906 by Henry Royce and Charles Rolls at the Midland Hotel, Manchester, as a luxury car manufacturer, before eventually also diversifying into aircraft engine production.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Production of this luxury car remained ongoing until it was finally separated in 1973 as Rolls-Royce Motors.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Rolls-Royce produced its first aircraft engine, the Rolls-Royce Eagle, in 1914.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

In fact, almost half of all aircraft engines worn by the Allies in World War I were manufactured by Rolls-Royce.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Until the end of the decade 1920s, the production of these aircraft engines became Rolls-Royce's main business.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

The Rolls-Royce Merlin, launched in 1935 was also the last engine designed by Henry Royce, since he died in 1933.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

This engine was also used by the Supermarine S.6B, which could eventually set a new speed record of up to 400miles/hour at the Schneider Trophy in 1931.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

The Merlin was also worn in some fighter aircraft in World War II, such as the Hawker Hurricane, Supermarine Spitfire, De Havilland Mosquito, Avro Lancaster, and also P-51 Mustang, in which the Merlin was assembled by Packard under license from Rolls-Royce.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Merlin was even touted as having a considerable contribution in the Allied side's victory in World War II. [9]


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Noted, 160,000 Merlin units were successfully produced by Rolls-Royce.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Post-World War II, Rolls-Royce successfully developed the Dart and Tyne, which had enormous power, so that the travel time between continental flights could be significantly saved.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Noted, the Dart was worn on the Argosy, Avro 748, Friendship, Herald, and Viscount, while the more powerful Tyne of the Dart was worn on the Atlantic, Transall, and Vanguard.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Rolls-Royce engines from the beginning were always assigned serial numbers, beginning with the initials “RB”, short for “Rolls-Royce Barnoldswick" [10] (Barnoldswick was the place of one of Rolls-Royce's factories).


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Each machine is also named after a river in England.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

The use of the river's name was intended to reflect Rolls-Royce engines having steady flowing power, rather than explosive power.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

One of the jet engines produced in this period was the RB163 Spey, worn in the Trident, BAC 1-11, Grumman Gulfstream II & III and also the Fokker F28.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Military versions of the Spey were also worn in the Buccaneer S2, the F4K and F4M Phantom, and the Nimrod.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Spey was also assembled by Allison Engine Company under license, for the A-7 Corsair II.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

In this period Rolls-Royce also produced the Conway, which was worn in the Boeing 707, Douglas DC-8, Vickers VC10, and also the Handley Page Victor Mk. II. During the decades of the 1950s and 1960s, attempts at rationalisation of aircraft engine manufacturers in Britain saw Rolls-Royce having to merge with Bristol Siddeley in 1966.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Bristol Siddeley, which was also the result of a merger from Armstrong Siddeley and Bristol in 1959, has had a solid foundation in the aircraft engine business, such as by producing the Olympus, which was chosen as the engine for the Concorde.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Nationalization and separation Due to being chosen to be the sole engine supplier for the Lockheed L-1011 (TriStar), Rolls-Royce also prepared the RB211, but development of this engine hampered the financial problems experienced by Rolls-Royce.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

To save Rolls-Royce, in 1971, the British government nationalised the company as Rolls-Royce (1971) Limited. [11] [12] The automotive division was separated from the aircraft engine division in 1973, as Rolls-Royce Motors and eventually sold to Vickers.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

In 1978, the company was again renamed Rolls-Royce plc. [12]


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

The privatisation and expansion of Rolls-Royce plc was re-privatised in 1987 under Margaret Thatcher's government.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

In the 1980s, new regulations allowed Rolls-Royce to pair its engines to more and more types of civil aircraft, up to 17 different aircraft types, when compared to General Electric which could only pair its engines to 14 different aircraft types and Pratt & Whitney which could only pair its engines to 14 different aircraft types and Pratt & Whitney which could only pairing its engines 10 different aircraft types.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

In 1988, Rolls-Royce acquired Northern Engineering Industries (NEI), a group consisting of several companies, Clarke Chapman, Reyrolle, and Parsons.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

The group was renamed to Rolls-Royce Industrial Power Group.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

The company was then sold one-by-one after Rolls-Royce decided to focus more on the aircraft engine business, as a result of the recession in the early 1990s. [13]


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

In 1990, BMW and Rolls-Royce cooperated to establish BMW Rolls-Royce, to produce a line of BR700 engines for regional and private flights, including the BR725 installed on the Gulfstream G650. [14]


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Allison Acquisition On November 21, 1994, Rolls-Royce announced its plans to acquire Allison Engine Company, [15] a United States company, which was also engaged in the same business as Rolls-Royce.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Previously, these two companies have been working together for a long time, namely since World War II.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

As a result of Allison's involvement in several classified United States projects, the acquisition plan was further investigated to assess whether this acquisition would harm the United States. [16]


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

On March 27, 1995, the United States Ministry of Defense finally announced that this acquisition did not harm the United States. [17]


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

However, Rolls-Royce was required to form a new company to handle secret projects, so the Allison Advanced Development Company, Inc.. [17] [18] [19] Allison acquisition worth $525million (equivalent to £328million), [15] this added four engine types to the engine product range civilian Rolls-Royce.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Allison is now known by the name Rolls-Royce Corporation, part of Rolls-Royce North America.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

In 1996, Rolls-Royce and Airbus signed a memorandum of understanding, stating that the Rolls-Royce Trent 900 would be worn on Airbus A3XX aircraft, now better known as Airbus A380. [20]


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Acquisitions of 1999 In 1999, Rolls-Royce acquired Vickers plc, [21] and then in 2002, sold Vickers Defence Systems to Alvis plc, so the name was changed to Alvis Vickers. [22]


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

This series of acquisitions made Rolls-Royce at the forefront of the aircraft engine business.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

In 1999, BMW Rolls-Royce was renamed Rolls-Royce Deutschland, as all of its shares were officially owned by Rolls-Royce plc. [23]


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

Optimized Systems and Solutions (formerly named Data Systems & Solutions) was founded in 1999 as a result of cooperation between Rolls-Royce plc and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC).


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

In early 2006, SAIC exited this cooperation, resulting in Rolls-Royce plc becoming its sole owner. [24]


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce PLC

21st Century On April 6, 2004, Boeing announced that Rolls-Royce and General Electric were appointed as engine suppliers for its newest aircraft type, the Boeing 787 Dreamliner.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce plc

Rolls-Royce also applied for a Trent 1000 to be fitted to the 787, while GE filed for GENX, the result of the development of the GE90. [25]


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce plc

On 13 June 2004, Rolls-Royce received a contract worth £110 million from the UK Ministry of Defence to supply C-130 Hercules engines for the following five years. [26]


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce plc

In July 2006, Rolls-Royce successfully reached an agreement with Airbus to supply Trent XWB engines for the Airbus A350 (XWB).


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce plc

The Trent XWB is the development result of the Trent 1000, which was previously also submitted for the Airbus A350.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce plc

As of 2015, more than 1,500 units of these engines have been supplied to 40 airlines worldwide. [27]


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce plc

In October 2006, Rolls-Royce delayed production of the Trent 900 as a result of also delayed production of the Airbus A380.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce plc

In October 2007, Rolls-Royce finally announced that production of the Trent 900 had restarted. [28]


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce plc

The Rolls-Royce plant in Derby which employs 11,000 people also continues to produce engines for Bombardier and Boeing.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce plc

On the military side, Rolls-Royce, in collaboration with several other European-based engine manufacturers, has also produced some engines, such as the RB199, which was installed in the Panavia Tornado, and also the EJ200 fitted to the Eurofighter Typhoon.


Question: who designed the welland canal?

Rolls-Royce plc

Rolls-Royce also ripened the LiftSystem for installation in the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) F-35 Lightning II. [29]