Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

In Mandor, Lo Fong Pak, Chairman of Kongsi Lan Fong then united the Hakka people in the Mandor area in an organization called San Shin Cing Fu (because in the Mandor area at that time there were also Chinese people besides the Hakka Tribe/Khek, namely the Thio Ciu people, in contrast to the Kongsi-kongsi China in the Sambas Sultanate area is entirely of the Hakka/Khek Tribe).


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

In 1778 AD there was an extension of the degree of power in the area of Muara Sungai Landak where Syarif Abdurrahman Al Qadri who was the Chairman of Kampung Pontianak (formed in 1771 AD) located at the Estuary of Sungai Landak later in that year raised himself to become the first Sultan of the Sultanate of Pontianak.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

The establishment of Pontianak Sultanate in the Estuary of Sungai Landak later caused loud protests from the King of the Kingdom of Landak because historically the estuary of Sungai Landak was the area of power of the Kingdom of Landak.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

But the Dutch VOC due to economic interest in the estuary of the Landak River then stood behind the Pontianak Sultanate thus making King Landak relax his violent protests.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

The power of Sultan Syarif Abdurrahman at the mouth of the Landak River is a bit much to make Kongsi Lan Fong depend on the activity at the mouth of the river so this is one that then makes Lo Fong Pak closer to the Sultan of Pontianak than to Panembahan Mempawah even though Kongsi Lan Fong was still under the auspices of Panembahan Mempawah.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

In 1789 AD, the Sultan of Pontianak with Dutch support made an attack on Panembahan Mempawah with the aim of seizing the Panembahan Mempawah area.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

To support this attack the Sultan of Pontianak at that time also invited Lo Fong Pak (Kongsi Lan Fong to participate in the attack to Panembahan Mempawah this and Kongsi Lan Fong then also sent his troops to assist the Sultan of Pontianak's forces.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

Faced with this attack, Panembahan Mempawah lost which then King Panembahan Mempawah, who withdrew to the area of Bouquet and then settled there.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

Since then the relationship of Lo Fong Pak (Kongsi Lan Fong) with the Sultan of Pontianak became stronger and closer so that later Lo Fong Pak (Kongsi Lan Fong) was granted even wider authority (a kind of special autonomy region) but remained under the auspices of the Sultanate of Pontianak.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

This event occurred when the age of Lo Fong Pak reached the age of 57 years, which was around 1793 A.D.The way of election of Chairman of Kongsi Lan Fan at that time according to the understanding of today is very democratic that is the Chairman of Kongsi elected through general elections by all Kongsi citizens.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

Because of this way of selection that some people translate the writings of Yap Siong Yoen (the stepson of the last Kapitan Kongsi Lan Fang) and the writings of J.J. Groot (Dutch historian) regarding Kongsi Lan Fang which is interpreted too far so that Kongsi Lan Fang interpreted is” The Republic of Lan Fang” whereas in the two posts there is no Republican word.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

Besides, the word Republic is for an independent country/region while Kongsi Lan Fang when although it received special autonomy status but still under the auspices of the Sultanate of Pontianak so that it is not an independent country.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

Therefore what is referred to as the “Republic of Lan Fang” it never existed, which existed was Kongsi Lan Fang which got special autonomy status from the Sultan of Pontianak.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

Lo Fang Pak was subsequently re-elected through the general election system to serve as Chairman of the Kongsi Lan Fong Autonomous Region, and was given the title in Mandarin “Ta Tang Chung Chang” or Head of the Autonomous Region.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

Kongsi Lan Fong Regulation mentions that the position of Chairman and Vice Chairman of Kongsi Lan Fong must be held by a Hakka-speaking person.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

Its center remained at Mandor and Ta Tang Chung Chang (Chairman of Kongsi) was elected through a general election.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

According to its rules, both the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Kongsi must be a Hakka person coming from the Ka Yin Chiu or Thai Pu area.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

The flag is a yellow rectangular, with the inscription in Chinese “Lan Fang Ta Tong Chi”.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

The flag of Lo Fong Pak (Kongsi Chairman Lan Fong) is yellow in triangular shape with the inscription “Chuao” (General).


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

Its high officials wear traditional Chinese-style clothing, while lower officials wear western-style clothing.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

The aforementioned Kongsi Lan Fong achieved great success in economy and security stability during Lo Fang Pak's 19 years of leadership. In the date of the oceanic state of the Qing Dynasty was recorded the existence of a place where people Ka Yin (from Mei Hsien area) worked as miners, built roads, established their own country, every year his ships landed in Zhou and Chao Zhou (Teochiu) area to trade.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

While in the historical records of Kongsi Lan Fong itself it is revealed that every year they pay tribute to the Qing Dynasty such as Annan (Vietnam).


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

The fall of Lan Fong Kongsi Lo Fong Pak died in 1795, the second year the Special Autonomous Region was declared (1793).


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

He has lived in Borneo for more than 20 years.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

At the age of 47 the establishment of Kongsi Lan Fong, namely during the reign of the fifth Chairman of Kongsi, Liu Tai Er (Hakka: Liu Thoi Nyi), the Dutch began to actively expand in Indonesia and occupied the southeastern region of Kalimantan.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

Liu Tai Er was persuaded by the Dutch in Batavia (now Jakarta) to sign a cooperation agreement with the Netherlands.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

The signing of the deal later made Kongsi Lan Fong in Dutch influence.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

The emergence of native rebellion further weakened Kongsi Lan Fang.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

Kongsi Lan Fang later lost its autonomy and transitioned from an area under the patronage of the Sultan of Pontianak to a Dutch protectorate.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

The Dutch opened its colonial representation in Pontianak and took full control of Kongsi Lan Fong by inducting Chairman Kongsie as regent.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

In 1884 A.D. Kongsi Thai Kong based in Montraduk refused to be ruled by the Dutch, so Kongsi Thai Kong was invaded by the Dutch.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

The Dutch managed to occupy Thai Kong Kongsi, but the kongsi held resistance for 4 years.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

Kongsi Thai Kong's opposition against the Dutch also later involved Kongsi Lan Fong so Kongsi Lan Fong was then also attacked by the Dutch and conquered by the Dutch, following the death of Liu Asheng (Hakka: Liu A Sin), the last Chairman of Kongsi Lan Fong.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

Some residents of Kongsi Lan Fong then evacuated to Sumatra.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

Fearing a violent backlash from the Qing administration, the Dutch never declared Lan Fong as its colony and allowed a descendant of them to become a puppet leader.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

List of Chairmen of Kongsi Lanfang List of Chairmen who once headed the Kongsi Lanfang Autonomous Region (1777 - 1793) and Kongsi Lanfang Special Autonomous Region from 1793 - 1884.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

See also Sambas Sultanate Pontianak Sultanate West Kalimantan Reference Outside links.


Question: who was the first president of the Lanfang Republic?

Republic of Lanfang

Category:Establishment of 1777 Category:Dissolution of 1884 Category:Historical Borneo Category:Hakka Category:Federated Kongsi


Question: What is the largest district in Papua Province?

List of districts and cities in Papua

Here is the list of districts and/or cities in Papua Reference Links outside the Category:List of administrative divisions of Indonesia


Question: What is solat sunah?

Sunnah prayer

Sunah prayer or nawafil prayer (plural: nafilah) is a prayer that is recommended to be carried out but not required so that it is not sinful if left in other words if done properly and properly and full to sincerity will appear wisdom and mercy from Allah SWT that is so beautiful.


Question: What is solat sunah?

Sunnah prayer

Sunah prayer according to its law consists of two groups: Muakad, is a Sunah prayer which is recommended with a strong emphasis (almost close to obligatory), such as two-day prayer, Sunah witr prayer and Sunah Tawaf prayer.


Question: What is solat sunah?

Sunnah prayer

Ghairu Muakad, is a Sunah prayer that is recommended without a strong emphasis, such as Sunah Rawatib prayer and Sunah prayer which is incidental (depending on time and circumstances, such as doom/special prayer is only done when an eclipse occurs).


Question: What is solat sunah?

Sunnah prayer

Distribution According to the Implementation of Sunah Prayer there are done by themselves (munfarid) among them: Rawatib Salat Tahiyatul Wudhu Salat Istikharah Salat Mutlaq Salat Dhuha Salat Tahiyatul Mosque Salat Tahajud Salat Hajat Salat Awwabin Salat Tasbih Salat Taubate Whereas that can Performed in congregation, among others: Tarawih Prayer Ied Prayer Epidema Eclipse Salat Istisqa' Forbidden times for Sunah Prayer Some Sunah prayers are performed related to a certain time but for prayers that can be done at a free time (eg: Mutlaq prayer) it must be considered that There are some times when it is illegitimate to do prayer: The sun rises until he rises as high as the javelin the Sun is set (zenith), until he begins to lean after ashar until the sun sets after dawn, when the sun sets to the perfect setting of the prayer collection reference- Sunnat Prayer, Drs. Moh. Rifa'i, CV Toha Putra, Semarang, 1993 Islamic Junior School Books, Rafi Vadra Addani, Surabaya sunah


Question: What is the State Duma?

State Duma

The State Duma or in Russian Государственная дума (Gosudarstvennaya duma) and often abbreviated as Госдума (Gosduma) is a lower legislative institution in Russia.


Question: What is the State Duma?

State Duma

The institute replaced the Supreme Soviet in 1993.


Question: What is the State Duma?

State Duma

The name of the State Duma is taken from the parliament within the Russian Empire, which was formed as a result of the revolution of 1905-1907.


Question: What is the State Duma?

State Duma

Formally the State Duma is a legislative body.


Question: What is the State Duma?

State Duma

State Duma I (in April—July 1906) and State Duma II (February—June 1907) were dissolved by the tsarist government.


Question: What is the State Duma?

State Duma

In the Third (1907-1912) and Fourth (1912-1917) State Duma dominated the representatives of the Black Hundred, siding autocracy.


Question: What is the State Duma?

State Duma

Category:Politics in Russia


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants () is the main fictional character of Nickelodeon animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He was made by marine biologist figure and animator Stephen Hillenburg, and voice-filled by Tom Kenny.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He is a naive and somewhat foolish sea sponge who works as a grilling chef in the fictional underwater town of Bikini Bottom.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob was the grilling chef at the Krabby Patty Krusty Krab restaurant, where he was always the best exemplary clerk.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He learned to drive at Mrs. Puff's Boating School to undergo a driving test but always failed.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob lives with his pet Gary in the pineapple house on Jalan Conch no. 124 [1] Bikini Bottom where it is located on the island of Bikini Atoll.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

His neighbor, Squidward Tentacles is SpongeBob's neighbor and workmate at Krusty Krab and Patrick Star, SpongeBob's good friend and his neighbor as well.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Description SpongeBob named the original Robert Squarepants, son of Harold and Margaret Squarepants.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob is a sea sponge, but he resembles a kitchen sponge, yellow and rectangular in shape.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob has large blue eyes, a short nose, a large mouth with teeth protruding forward, and a mortar with three spots on each cheek.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He usually wore a white shirt with a red tie, black leather shoes with shoelaces, and brown rectangular pants with a black belt (the entire outfit he sometimes called “pants”).


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

When working at the Krusty Krab, he wore a hat, a white tall with a small anchor blue on it as a uniform.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob sleeps in street clothes on top, including his shoes.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Although SpongeBob has always been voiced by Tom Kenny, his voice has changed over the course of the series, his voice being lower than usual in the pilot episode, and after the film, his voice will be slightly higher screeching.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob is a very naive, childish, hyperactive character.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He is a very determined person, and will often stop at anything to complete a task.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He was also rather dramatic to people who were nice to him.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He was also very overconfident and sometimes exaggerated problems, such as losing his identification. [2]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob is very good-natured and innocent, and very rarely acts openly to anyone, even his enemies.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He is a person who attaches great importance to others and is loyal, in particular towards those close to him.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Her other person's selfish nature is featured in the episode “Best Day Ever”, where she sacrifices her “perfect day” to help her friends.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Despite his good intentions, SpongeBob's actions are often troubling and cause trouble for those around him, especially his next-door neighbor, Squidward Tentacles.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob's mistakes also make him overly trusting and highly gullible, and he is easily manipulated by people who intend to use and/or harm him, such as Squidward, Mr. Krabs and Plankton; most obviously, he has always been gullible by Plankton no matter how weird or obvious the disguise is.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Although he is generally kind and easy-going, when frustrated and angry, SpongeBob can be sarcastic, rude and 'foul-mouthed' to his friends, even Mr. Krabs, whom he treats as fatherly.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Funny thing is, Squidward is the only SpongeBob character who is never insulted when cheated, sometimes he remains a believer despite Squidward already confessing.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Development of the Conception Stephen Hillenburg was interested in the oceans from childhood.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He also began to develop his art skills when he was a child.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

When attending college, she specialized in marine biology and resurrecting art.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He plans to go to college again to get a master's degree in art.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

After graduating in 1984, she attended the Ocean Institute, the organization in Dana Point, California, dedicated to teaching the public about ocean science and maritime history. [3] [4] When she was there, she had an idea that later gave rise to the creation of SpongeBob SquarePants: a comic book titled The Intertidal Zone.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

The comic's host was “Bob the Sponge” who, unlike SpongeBob, was shaped like a real sea sponge. [5]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In 1987, Hillenburg left the institute to pursue an animation career, [5] [6] and began to imagine ideas for projects containing anthropomorphism marine life.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Although he had already drawn several sketches of his concept, it took almost a decade to realize his dream. [5]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

After several years studying experimental animation at the California Institute of the Arts, [6] Hillenburg met Joe Murray, maker of Rocko's Modern Life, at an animation festival, and offered him a job as a series director. [5] [7] [8] [9] While working on the series, Hillenburg met one of the Martin Olson, who saw his comic The Intertidal Zone. [4]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Olson liked the idea and suggested Hillenburg create a series about marine animals.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Hillenburg said, “an event...


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

I haven't even thought about making a show... and it's not my show”. [4]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

That prompted his decision to create SpongeBob SquarePants and said, “It was the inspiration for the event”. [4]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Rocko's Modern Life ended in 1996. [10]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Not long after that, Hillenburg began working on SpongeBob SquarePants.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

For the show's characters, Hillenburg began drawing and taking several characters from his comics—such as starfish, crabs, and sponges. [4]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

At that time, Hillenburg knew that “everything made a friends show"—like The Ren & Stimpy Show—and thought that “I can't make a friends show,” so he decided to make a “one character” show. [4]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He chose the sponge as the title character because, in his opinion, constituted “the oddest animal. “[5]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Hillenburg took the character's name from Bob the Sponge, host of his comic The Intertidal Zone, after replacing him from SpongeBoy due to trademark issues. [5] [11] Hillenburg's creation had made a “bad imitation” before he managed to create his character. [12]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Hillenburg compared his concept to Laurel and Hardy and Pee-wee Herman. [5]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

She said “I think SpongeBob was born out of my love of Laurel and Hardy short films.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

You've got a friend-idiot type of situation — it's a big influence.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob was inspired by characters such as: the Innocent — a la Stan Laurel. [12]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

The first concept sketch depicts the character wearing a red hat with a green base and a white business sweatshirt with a tie.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob's stage-by-stage appearance changed to wearing the brown pants used on the final design. [11]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob was designed to be a playful and optimistic boyish character in a style similar to the style that made Jerry Lewis famous. [13]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Originally this character was named SpongeBoy but this name is already in use. [11]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

It was discovered after voice-charging for the original pilot recorded in 1997.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Nickelodeon's legal department found that the name was already used for mop products. [14]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Upon learning this, Hillenburg decided that the character's given name should still contain “Sponge” so viewers did not think the character was a “Cheese Man”.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Hillenburg decided to use the name “SpongeBob”.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He chose “SquarePants” as his surname because the character's shape is square and has a “nice ring for it”. [15]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Although SpongeBob's driver's license said his date of birth was July 14, 1986, [1] which would make this character 13 years old at the time of his debut appearance on May 1, 1999, Hillenburg joked that he was fifty years in “sponge years”.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Hillenburg explained that SpongeBob did not actually have a certain age, but he was old enough to be independent and still had to go to boating school. [11]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

His decision to make SpongeBob study at a boat driving school was made due to a request from Nickelodeon for the character to attend the school. [16]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Voice Voice of SpongeBob is veteran voice cast member Tom Kenny.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Kenny previously worked with Hillenburg on Rocko Modern Life, and when Hillenburg created SpongeBob SquarePants, he offered Kenny the voice cast position. [17]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Hillenburg used Kenny's personality and those of other people to create the SpongeBob personality [14] The first SpongeBob voice was used Kenny for a minor character named Al in Rocko's Modern Life.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Kenny forgot the sound because it was used only that time.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

But Hillenburg remembers when he made SpongeBob and used a video clip to remind Kenny. [14]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Kenny said SpongeBob's laughter was made to be unique, and said they wanted a distracting laugh. [18]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob's voice changed from a “low note” to a high note.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Kenny said, “I heard the changes.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

I heard it.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Most of it is a question of tone. “[19]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He said that “It [happened] without me noticing” because “I didn't wake up and think, 'Hmm, I'm going to change SpongeBob's voice today, just for that.”


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He explained that “It was like erosion: a very slow process.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

After some time, you've got to take it to different places and new places, the more stories and scripts you work on. “[19]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

When differentiating the sound of the first season with that of the seventh season, Kenny said that “there was a little [sound] change, but I don't think the change was very different. “[19]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In Indonesia, SpongeBob's voice filled Santosa Amin when SpongeBob SquarePants aired on Lativi.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob was then championed by Ade Kurniawan from 2004 to 2008. [20]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Now SpongeBob is presented by Rudi Bonham. [21]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Biographer SpongeBob was born on July 14, 1986. [1]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

At first, SpongeBob was introduced to be 13 years old (the debut of this cartoon was 1999), but since the series is not ascertained whether or not to wear a floating timeline (like The Simpsons where the character does not grow older), it is not known if SpongeBob is still 13 years old or continues to experience age accretion so 29 years.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob SquarePants lives with his pet snail Gary in a large pineapple-shaped house at Jalan Conch No. 124, Bikini Bottom. [1]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

His next-door neighbor, Squidward Tentacles, who lives in an Easter Island megaliticum stone head, hates SpongeBob and continues to be annoyed by his antics.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob is unaware of this, and believes Squidward is his friend.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In addition to Squidward's house is the home of SpongeBob's best friend, Patrick Star, who lives under a rock.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob worked at Krusty Krab, Bikini Bottom's most popular restaurant, where he became a chef.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He got this job in the “first episode of the series. [22]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob tries to apply for a job at the Krusty Krab. [22]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

As he was getting ready for the job, Squidward and Mr. Krabs, wanting him not to work there, they sent him to look for a “hydrodynamic spatula” with turbo drive and extras on the right and left”. [22]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

While she goes looking for him, hundreds of hungry anchovies arrive and leave Squidward and Mr Krabs overwhelmed. [22]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob soon returned with a hydrodynamic spatula, and saved their lives by feeding on anchovies, exposing his incredible gastronomy. [22]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob's skills as a fry cook can accurately be described as superhuman, in episodes such as “Help Wanted” and “Employee of the Month”, he is seen making them at rates of hundreds or even thousands per minute.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He has won 374 consecutive Employees monthly awards at the Krusty Krab.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In “Friend or Foe”, it is seen SpongeBob, as a baby, making the perfect patty on his first attempt.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In “Neptune's Spatula”, he is able to pull the Golden Spatula from the grease, making him “the chosen one” by King Neptune.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In the same episode, he made one burger that was tastier than King Neptune that made a lot quickly but was very unpalatable.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Squidward, another employee of the restaurant, was at the checkout and took the order.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Squidward is the opposite of SpongeBob, he hates his job (as well as the Krusty Krab itself) and does it poorly and often besides work just reading books or sleeping.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob and Squidward's boss, Eugene Krabs, is extremely greedy, selfish and abuses his employees.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He paid them very poorly, well below the legal minimum wage, and was very obsessed with money.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Nonetheless, SpongeBob is unquestionable by Mr Krabs and looks up to him as an authority figure.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

If it doesn't work, SpongeBob spends most of his time playing with his best friend, Patrick.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Like SpongeBob, Patrick is childish, moron and having fun.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

The two had known each other since early childhood, and were members of the “Best Friends Forever Club”.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Their usual activities include hunting jellyfish, blowing bubbles, and others.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

The actions of those who annoy their neighbour, Squidward, on numerous occasions have been put in danger of threats as a direct result of their actions.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Although openly Squidward hates SpongeBob and Patrick, they are completely unaware of this and believe they are his best friends.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob and Patrick's favorite superheroes are Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy, who retire until SpongeBob and Patrick are resisted by them.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Another of SpongeBob's companions is a squirrel from Texas named Sandy Cheeks, who wears a special suit and helmet to survive underwater.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob first meets Sandy when seen wrestling against a giant kima, whom he helps defeat him.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Sandy then invites SpongeBob to his home, an airtight terrarium known as the Treedome, and SpongeBob, not knowing what the air is, whether he can take it.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

When he comes to the Treedome and realizes that there is no water, he begins to dry and attempts to survive without water, telling himself that he does not need it and that “Water is for people suck!”


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Eventually, however, he began to panic.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Eventually, Sandy gives SpongeBob and Patrick a water bowl to wear over their heads, which they wear usually whenever they visit Treedome.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Unlike Patrick, Sandy is highly intelligent, whether in technology or practical, but tolerant of SpongeBob's stupidity and enjoys his friendship and in some episodes, it is then implied that Sandy has even evoked SpongeBob's intelligence considerably.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

They love doing extreme sports together, especially Karate.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob's skills in karate shown vary greatly between episodes, at times, he is equal and even better than Sandy at skill, while at other times he is incompetent to the point where Sandy can send him flying a sufficient distance with one punch in “Karate Island” .


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Sandy openly states that his karate skills are better than this SpongeBob by “a country mile”.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob has also, on numerous occasions, been signaling that he has a crush on Sandy.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob also attended Mrs. Puff Boating School, where he periodically tested for his driver's license.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

However, he becomes very nervous and reckless while behind the wheel of a boat, and consistently fails his test times countless, often injuring Mrs. Puff and/or destroying the school, sometimes he also destroys (alongside his school) the entire Bikini Bottom in the process.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

According to the episode “Mrs. Puff, You Fired”, SpongeBob has failed the exam 1,258,056 times, and is the only person in the school's history to ever fail it.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In the same episode, SpongeBob is said to be “unteachable”, even the best teachers can't make it pass.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Despite his inability to drive the boat, SpongeBob has been shown to be able to drive/ride a variety of other capable things, including rocks, rockets, sandwiches and submarines.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob claimed that he did not know how to drive, but simply panicked behind the wheel and was unable to concentrate.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In “Mrs. Puff, You Fired”, SpongeBob receives excellent training from the very formidable Mrs. Puff military-esque surrogate and learns how to drive proficiently, but can only do so while turning a blind eye due to the teacher's rigorous exercises and very specific teaching methods.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Although SpongeBob has few friends, and many Bikini Bottom residents often treat him quite kindly, most, if not all, residents of Bikini Bottom have been shown to have some degree of dislike for him. In the episode “Gone”, it is seen that a holiday called “National Day Without SpongeBob” has been started by the citizens of Bikini Bottom.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

As the name suggests, it was a day dedicated to getting away from SpongeBob, where people leave Bikini Bottom for the day.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Even Patrick leaves, stating that everyone needs at least a day of SpongeBob laughter.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In the ceremony, they build a giant wooden statue of SpongeBob, burn it, dance on the ashes (though some, like Squidward, are actually shown kicking the ashes), and return to Bikini Bottom before celebrating “National Day Without Patrick”.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob is more respected than insulted by this, as he is the “inspiration” for the holiday.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Occasionally, SpongeBob is naked.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He is shown naked in Ripped Pants, Nature Pants, Hooky, Pranks a Lot, All That Glitters, Rise and Shine, Overbooked, and Sponge Models, SpongeBob looks naked, especially when he wants to live with jellyfish in Nature Pants.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

And in the Sponge Model, SpongeBob, get clothes when he is used in a sponge ad.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In Lot's Pranks, SpongeBob and Patrick must strip to use an invisible spray.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In the moveable, during the presentation, she was asked to undress and enter the machine.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob did it.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

She removes the dress from the inside and leaves herself naked all night.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Abilities and talents Like many other cartoon characters, SpongeBob has been shown to possess unusually many abilities and attributes over the course of the series.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Due to its soft, supple body, it is capable of shape-shifting, has some degree of immunity, is able to absorb all kinds of physical impact, shown especially in the episode “The Bully”.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In episodes such as “Graveyard Shift”, it is seen that he can quickly grow parts of his body that are injured or removed.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob is usually shown to be boneless (sea sponges are medium invertebrates), but have been shown to have skeletons in various episodes.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

As a sponge, it is also absorbent, and can expand its body by absorbing fluids, as shown in episodes such as “Culture Shock”, “Gary Takes a Bath”, “Squirrel Jokes” and “Dear Vikings”.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

When he cried, he often returned to absorb his tears.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Despite his great abilities, SpongeBob is shown to be very physically weak, he uses stuffed animals as “weights” in his personal training room, and in “Ripped Pants”, he has trouble lifting small wooden branches with marshmallows on the ends.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

His weakness is expressed also in the episode “MuscleBob BuffPants”, where he is unable to lift any object even that is very light because he fills his “anchor arm” with air.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

However, as with many aspects of the show, his powers are very inconsistent between episodes, and he has been shown to have great strength on numerous occasions, most notably in “The Fry Cook Games”, where he has a very muscular body when he fights with Patrick.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob also has some karate mastery, but it is always different in each episode.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In some episodes, he is shown to be highly skilled, able to equal or even defeat Sandy on several occasions.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

However, in most of the series, he is shown only messing with karate, as he is usually beaten by Sandy.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Although usually seen (at least by Squidward) very childish and stupid, SpongeBob has proven to be extremely talented in many fields, even occasionally possessing a super-human intelligence.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In reality, boat driving is one of the few things that if SpongeBob did would be no good.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

When he puts the mind to task, he can accomplish something, as in “SpongeHenge”, where he spends time building a stone figurine that produces sounds identical to his voice, only to lure jellyfish from it.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Thanks to his imagination, SpongeBob in various episodes has proved superior to Squidward in art, especially in “Artist Unknown”, where he could produce a perfect sculpture of Michelangelo's David.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In “Squid's Visit”, SpongeBob actually makes exact replicas of Squidward's house from those rooms to sometimes unexpected passages, even a replica of Squidward's acknowledged painting is nicer than his artificial.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob also had extensive knowledge of subjects he liked, such as jellyfish hunting, Krabby Patty and their history, and others.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In episodes such as “Ripped Pants”, “The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie” and, most notably, “Band Geeks”, SpongeBob is shown having a fantastic singing voice.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He uses his nose as a flute, and is always good his voice.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

The One-age family with SpongeBob SpongeBob has many relatives, most notably his parents, who appear in several episodes.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Unlike SpongeBob, which has the appearance of a kitchen sponge, most of SpongeBob's relatives, although still cartoonish, resemble actual sea sponges, rounded and brownish in shape.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

From another epoch In “SB-129", a robot descendant of SpongeBob named “SpongeTron” is seen, as well as a primitive ancestor.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In the episodes “Ugh"and"Atlantis SquarePantis”, it features a caveman version of SpongeBob known as “Spongegar”.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

The apparent spongegar is different from the primitive sponge seen in “SB-129", becoming more developed and closer to its modern counterpart.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

“Pest of the West” SpongeBuck SquarePants, an ancestor who saved Dead Eye Gulch which is now Bikini Bottom from Dead Eye Plankton.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He is known to simply not have a medieval version, as seen in the episode “Dunces and Dragons”.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob's abilities and traits are able to regenerate wounds in seconds, such as losing arms, black eyes, and other injuries.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob is very excited and upbeat.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He sometimes felt a loss of spirit.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He was often a coward.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He is said to be a crybaby by Squidward.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Critical reception Throughout the airing of the SpongeBob SquarePants series, the character of SpongeBob became popular among children and adults.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In June 2010, Entertainment Weekly named it one of the 100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years. [23]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

TV Guide made SpongeBob SquarePants ranked 9th in its 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All Times. [24]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

But not all of SpongeBob's critical reception was positive.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Top 10: Irritating '90s Cartoon Characters made by AskMen made SpongeBob the fourth rank and said his well-intentioned behavior was very disturbing. [25]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In an interview with TV Guide, Barack Obama named SpongeBob his favorite character, and admitted that SpongeBob SquarePants is “the show I watch with my kids”. [26] [27] [28] The Prime Minister of the Exchequer Gordon Brown also said he watches SpongeBob SquarePants with his son. [29 ]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Criticism and controversy In 2005, a promotional video containing SpongeBob promoting diversity and tolerance [30] criticized evangelical Christian groups in the United States because they saw the character being used as an advocate of homosexuality even though the video did not contain “references” sex, sexual lifestyle or sexual identity. “[31] [32] James Dobson of Focus on the Family thinks the makers of the video are promoting homosexuality because the video is sponsored by gay rights groups. [32]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

This incident raises the question of whether SpongeBob is a homosexual character.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

In 2002, when SpongeBob's popularity among gay people rose, Hillenburg denied that SpongeBob was gay.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He explained that he considers SpongeBob to be “almost asexual;" [33] [34] he has been shown on several episodes to have the ability to regrow his ladders and shape other bodies with “buds”, much like sea sponges in real life. [35]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Following Dobson's comments, Hillenburg repeated his assertion that sexual choice was never thought of at the making of the show. [36]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Tom Kenny and other members of the production were shocked and astonished when the issue came up. [14]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Dobson later said that his comments were understood out of context and his complaint was not to SpongeBob or other characters in the video but with the organization sponsoring the video, We Are Family Foundation.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Dobson said that the foundation had included pro-homosexual material on its Web site, but later removed it. [37]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

After the controversy was over, John H. Thomas, general minister and president of the United Church of Christ, said that they would welcome SpongeBob to their ministry.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He said “Jesus didn't turn away from people.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Neither do we”. [38]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Jeffrey P. Dennis, author of the article “The Same Thing We Do Every Night: Signifying Same-Sex Desire in Television Cartoons”, felt SpongeBob and Sandy had no romantic love affair.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

He said that he thinks SpongeBob and Patrick “are a couple with an erotic intensity.”


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Dennis added that they had “not consistently been a romantic couple,” as the two lived in different houses, had friends each other, but in the series, “the possibility of inter-same-sex interest was never expended. “[39]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Martin Goodman at Animation World Magazine considered Dennis's comments about SpongeBob and Patrick “interesting. “[40]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Cultural influences Throughout the airing of the SpongeBob SquarePants series, the character of SpongeBob became very popular with both children, teens, and adults.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

The character's popularity has spread from Nickelodeon's original target of children aged 2-11, to teenagers and adults, [41] including college campuses and celebrities such as Sigourney Weaver and Bruce Willis. [42]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

SpongeBob also became popular among gay men, although Stephen Hillenburg said that none of the characters were homosexual.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

The character attracted fans because of his flamboyant lifestyle and tolerant attitude. [43]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

As of July 2009, the Madame Tussauds wax museum in New York displayed a wax sculpture of SpongeBob. [44] [45] SpongeBob was the first fictional character featured in Tussauds. [46] [47] In May 2011, a new fungus species, Spongiforma squarepantsii, was described in the journal Mycologia.


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

His name is taken from the character SpongeBob. [48]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Its inventor noted that its hymenium, when viewed with an observer's electron microscope, resembled “the ocean floor filled with tube sponge, reminiscent of the fictional home of SpongeBob. “[48]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Although the name was initially rejected by the editors of Mycologia for being “too frivolous”, the inventor insisted because “we could name it whatever we liked. “[49]


Question: Who is the voice of Robert “SpongeBob” SquarePants?

SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

Reference Outside links in Internet Movie Database Category:SpongeBob SquarePants Characters Category:SpongeBob SquarePants


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Hutomo Mandala Putra (; [2] better known as Tommy Soeharto) is the Chairman of Berkarya Party who has served since 11 March 2018. [3]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Previously, he had served as Member of MPR RI Golkar faction from October 1, 1992 to May 21, 1998.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy is also the son of former 2nd President of the Republic of Indonesia Soeharto.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy was born in Jakarta on 15 July 1962 as the fifth child of Major General Soeharto and Siti Hartinah, commonly called Mrs. Tien.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

His younger brothers are Siti Hardijanti Rukmana (Tutut), Sigit Harjojudanto (Sigit), Bambang Trihatmodjo (Bambang), Siti Hediati Hariyadi (Titiek), and Siti Hutami Endang Adiningsih (Mamiek).


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Its middle name is taken from the name of an Indonesian military operation, the West Irian Liberation Mandala Command, formed in January 1962 and led by Major General Soeharto to expel the Dutch from the territory of Dutch New Guinea (West Papua).


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In his autobiography, Soeharto wrote that Tommy's middle name was a reminder of Mandala surgery. [4]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

On September 27, 1965, while still three years old, Tommy suffered burns to his face and body.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Previously he played with his younger brother, Mamiek, at the family home in Jalan Haji Agus Salim, Central Jakarta.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He then bumped into his mother who was carrying a pot of hot oxtail soup into the dining room.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

His mother immediately applied cod liver oil to Tommy's blistered skin. [5]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He was rushed to RSPAD Gatot Subroto in Senen. [6]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Suharto looked at Tommy for three consecutive nights.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

It's one of the historic moments in Indonesia because on the evening of 30 September 1965, a number of military elements executed a coup plan and shot dead six generals around 04:00 on 1 October.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Before the killings took place, Soeharto was still in hospital.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

At midnight, Tien asked Soeharto to go home to look after Mamiek who was left alone with a maid.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He came home at about 00:15 and went to bed.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He was awakened at about 04:30 and received word of the shooting.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy and his mother left the hospital on 1 October evening accompanied by Soeharto's sister-in-law, Probosutedjo, and his aide, Wahyudi.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy and his younger brothers were moved to Wahyudi's house in Kebayoran Baru because it was safer. [7]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

After graduating from junior high school in Jakarta, Tommy entered the Civil Aviation Academy.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He then attended agricultural college in the United States, but did not finish.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He returned to Indonesia to pioneer his business career. [8]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy is often regarded as his parents' favorite son. [9]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tien's 1992 authorized biography states, “The thing that sets Tommy apart from his older brothers, Sigit and Bambang, is that he tends to be more nimble.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy, with his moustache, always wears his Rayban glasses.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

At the age of 28, he looked like his father's twin.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Deep down, he was very fond of his mother.” [10] As a young man, Tommy was known to love actresses, nightclubs, and casinos.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Time Magazine in 1999 listed that Tommy was happy to gamble and it was easy to spend $1 million in one round. [11]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Criminal trespass In April 1999, Tommy along with his business partner, Ricardo Gelael, were on trial for an $11 million land fraud. [12]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

They were found not guilty in October 1999 by the South Jakarta District Court.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In September 2000, a panel of three Supreme Court Justices headed by Shafiuddin Kartasasmita overturned the verdict and handed down 18 months of imprisonment to Tommy and Gelael for criminal corruption.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy refuses to be imprisoned and goes into hiding. [13]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Kartasasmita's wife later alleged that her husband refused a bribe of $20,000 from Tommy. [14]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In July 2001, Tommy paid Rp100 million to two hitmen to kill Kartasasmita.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Kartasasmita was shot dead on the way to the office. [15]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The Supreme Court of Indonesia which is known to be very corrupt [16] responded to this murder case by overturning Tommy's corruption verdict in October 2001.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

This action was assessed as part of an agreement to have him come out of hiding.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The Jakarta Post wrote that the verdict “obliterates any remaining crumbs of credibility from the highest law enforcement in the country”. [17]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

On July 26, 2002, Tommy was sentenced to 15 years in prison for murder, illegal firearm possession, and avoiding incarceration.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The murder case actually commuted the death penalty, but prosecutors demanded only 15 years' confinement. [18]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy rarely attended hearings, claimed to be ill, and was absent when his verdict was read out.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

His pay advocates were present outside the courtroom. [19]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He had his first three weeks in a luxury cell Blok H in Cipinang Penitentiary, Jatinegara, East Jakarta, then transferred to Nusa Kambangan Island off the southern coast of Central Java.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The luxurious cell measuring 8 x 3 meters is covered with carpet and features a sofa, closet, television, refrigerator, cutlery, air conditioner, water filter, portable computer, and two mobile phones. [20]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He was often allowed to travel to Jakarta on health grounds and was known to visit an exclusive golf course. [21]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In April 2006, he was transferred back to Cipinang. [22]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

His term of confinement was reduced to 10 years by appeal.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He was released on parole on 30 October 2006. [23]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He spent four years in prison.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Critics say that Tommy was released because he was wealthy and his family still had influence in Indonesia. [24]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Business and nepotism One of Suharto's children, Tommy, benefited by nepotism so he could hoard large amounts of wealth. [25]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In 1984, at the age of 22, he founded the Humpuss Group which was successful not because of skill or professionalism, but rather family connections. [26]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Ten weeks after its establishment, Humpuss Group had 20 subsidiaries which would later increase to 60 companies.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Adam Schwarz wrote in his book entitled A Nation in Waiting (1994): Brash, aggressive and cocky, Tommy is the most public of the Soeharto children and, as such, the most dangerous to his father.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

According to numerous government officials, Tommy is the least squeamish of all the Soeharto children in using his name to get what he wants.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He is fond of telling potential foreign investors he spends more time with his father than his siblings.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The army shares the business community view that Tommy has done more than the other crony businessmen in making nepotism and corruption a serious political liability for Soeharto.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Rude, aggressive, and haughty, Tommy was Soeharto's most open son.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Therefore, he is also the most dangerous child for his father.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

According to various government officials, Tommy was the child who most dared to use his name to get whatever he wanted.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He likes to tell potential foreign investors that he spends more time with his fathers than his older brothers.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

ABRI agreed with the view of business people that when compared to other crony businessmen, it was Tommy who made nepotism and corruption the biggest political burden for Soeharto. [27]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Oil In 1985, Tommy bought 65% shares of Perta Oil Marketing, a subsidiary of Pertamina.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

With this acquisition, Tommy became a broker and transporter of crude oil and received a commission of $0.30-0.35 per barrel. [28]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Perta's profit reached $1 million per month. [29]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy and his older brother, Bambang Trihatmodjo, are also accused of inflating the value (markup) of oil exports and imports and raking in $200 million a year in the 1980s. Various parties claim, “They flushed Pertamina like cows. “[28]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Sempati Air in 1989, Tommy and Suharto crony, Bob Hasan, bought PT Sempati Air Transport from a military company. [30]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In the 1990s, Sempati Air flew wealthy Indonesians to a famous gambling resort on Christmas Island, Australia.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The main investor in the resort, Robby Sumanpow, is also marketing director of Tommy's clove monopoly. [31]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Sempati Air went bankrupt in 1998 after Suharto stepped down.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

When Suharto was charged with corruption in 2000 for misuse of charitable foundation funds, his indictment lists that Sempati Air received Rp17.91 billion from the Dakab Foundation, Rp13.17 billion from the Supersemar Foundation, and Rp11,168 billion from the Dharmais Foundation. [32]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Merak Toll Road In 1987, Suharto issued a presidential decree allowing the government-owned toll road company, Jasa Marga, to allow national and foreign private investors to invest capital in toll road projects.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In 1989, Tommy founded a consortium called Marga Mandala Sakti (MMS).


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

MMS was defeated by its sister owned company, Tutut, in the tender for construction of Jakarta's northern port expressway, the Tanjung Priok-Cawang Toll Road.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

MMS was given the contract to extend the Jakarta-Tangerang toll road for 73km to Peacock Port.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Humpuss built this expressway from 1992 to 1996.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy's concession was later extended for 10 years until 2011.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In late 1996 or early 1997, a consortium of foreign investors purchased a majority of MMS shares worth Rp425 billion ($181 million). [33]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Clove monopoly In December 1990, Tommy established a clove trade monopoly, the Clove Buffer and Marketing Agency (BPPC), despite being opposed by clove cigarette manufacturers. [34]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

According to Ministry of Trade regulations, all local cigarette manufacturers are forced to buy cloves from BPPC which also controls the importation of cloves from abroad. [35]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The police investigation found that Tommy forced farmers to sell cloves at very cheap prices, then sold them to cigarette factories for a heavy price.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy raked in huge profits and many clove farmers went bankrupt. [36]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The clove monopoly became a symbol of the nepotism and state fraud that devastated Indonesia's economy and subverted the Suharto regime in 1998. [37]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The monopoly was removed in 1998 as part of Indonesia's economic bailout package by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). [38]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In July 2007, Tommy was named as a suspect of a corruption case worth Rp175 billion involving BPPC.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Attorney General Hendarman Supandji said that Tommy interrupted a loan to buy cloves from farmers. [39]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy dismissed the allegations. [40]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In 2008, the Attorney General stopped the case because Tommy had already returned the money. [41]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Golden Key scandal In the early 1990s, Tommy bought shares of one of the factories proposed by Golden Key, a company owned by Eddy Tansil based in Jakarta.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Bank Pembangunan Indonesia (Bapindo) was forced to provide 16 loans worth a total of $430 million to Tansil for the plant construction project, while he had no experience in petrochemicals and did not guarantee.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Bapindo did not check Tansil's credit record.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The three proposed plants were never built and Bapindo The plants were never built and Bapindo was left with bad loans. [42]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

According to a June 1994 Far Eastern Economic Review article, Tommy was suspected of being the intermediary who introduced Tansil with Bapindo officials. [43]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Before the scandal broke out in 1994, Tommy had sold back his shares to another shareholder in 1993.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy was not called as a witness in Tansil's trial.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In August 1994, Tansil was sentenced to 17 years in prison, then “escaped” in 1996 and left Indonesia.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

There is a fact that was not raised in the trial of Tansil and Bapindo, namely Tommy was one of the owners of the company that received the loan and Tommy sold his shares after the loan was disbursed. [44]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Lamborghini In 1994, Tommy's Bermuda-listed company and also owned by Malaysian Mycom Setdco, Megatech, bought an Italian sports car manufacturer, Lamborghini, from Chrysler Corp. for a value of $40 million. [45]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Megatech sold Lamborghini to Audi AG for a value of $110 million during the 1998 Indonesian financial crisis. [46]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

JMPL|Australian Broadcasting Corporation's 1996 coverage of a special tax exemption for Tommy Suharto's national car contract.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In February 1996, Suharto announced the Indonesian National Car policy.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Companies wishing to produce cars nationwide would be exempt from tax obligations, luxury taxes, and tariffs on imports of parts.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The only company benefited by the policy was the company newly founded by Tommy, PT Timor Putra Nasional.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Japan, the United States, and the European Union filed complaints with the World Trade Organization (WTO) because Indonesia violated WTO rules on non-discriminatory treatment.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy was allowed to import 45,000 Kia cars from South Korea, then change the brand to Timor.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In their 2013 book about Liem Sioe Liong, Richard Borsuk and Nancy Chung wrote that “this scandal masterminded people's dissatisfaction with Suharto and his family”. [47]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

By July 1997, the government requested government and private banks lend $650 million to Tommy to build a national auto plant.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

On September 23, 1997, in response to the Asian financial crisis that hit Indonesia's economy, Finance Minister Mar'ie Muhammad discontinued fifteen megaprojects, but the Timorese national car project was not one of them [48] resulting in a grapevine claim that the project was “not can be touched”.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In January 1998, Suharto terminated Timor's tax-exempt status as per the terms of IMF economic reforms. [26]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Timorese car dealers became the target of the 13—15 May 1998 riots ahead of Suharto's retreat. [49]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

On 28 August 2008, Finance Minister Sri Mulyani Indrawati stated that Bank Mandiri was required to transfer Rp1.23 trillion (US$134 million) from Timor Putra Nasional to a government account.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The Ministry of Finance opens a bribery case and accuses Tommy of illegally selling assets from Timor to five of his companies.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy responded by suing behind the Ministry of Finance for US$21.8 million in damages.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He won a US$61 million civil corruption case in February 2008 and won a US$550,000 countersuit. [50] [51] [52] The financial crisis of 1997—1998 and debts After the 1997—1998 Asian financial crisis, the Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (IBRA) stated that Humpuss Group was the holder of the third largest irrecoverable loan from domestic banks (mostly government banks) with a total debt of Rp5.7 trillion as of 2001.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

This amount is 2.5 times higher than the Humpuss Group's 1996 annual revenue.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Of all these uncanceled debts, more than half were borrowed by PT Timor Putra Nasional. [53]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Half of the debt is repaid to IBRA in the form of assets, while the rest is repaid through debt restructuring and debt-to-share exchange schemes. [54]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Mangkuluhur City One of Tommy's latest business projects is Mangkuluhur City.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He developed this property project with Harry Gunawan. [55]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The project consists of four skyscrapers and one tall building on Jalan Jenderal Gatot Subroto, Jakarta.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The tallest tower has 80 floors.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Two towers are functioned for offices and the other two for residential and serviced apartments.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The Crowne Plaza Jakarta hotel is part of the project.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Bali land scandal case In 1996, Tommy's company, PT Pecatu Graha, evicted residents of a village from its land in Bali to build a 650-hectare resort on Serangan Island.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

These brutal expulsions were aided by soldiers and police using tear gas. [56]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Landowners are compensated Rp2.5 million alone per 100 square meters, well below the market price of Rp20 million to Rp30 million per 100 square meters. [57]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Time magazine reported that residents who refused to sell their land were bullied, beaten, and soaked seleher.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Two residents were even tried and detained for six months. [58]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The project crumbled after the 1998 Asian financial crisis.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Garuda Indonesia lawsuits In May 2011, Tommy won a law suit against Garuda Indonesia for damages of Rp12.51 billion ($1.46 million).


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The lawsuit was filed over an advertising article titled “A New Destination to Enjoy in Bali” in the December 2009 issue of Garuda aircraft magazine.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The article is supposed to advertise Tommy's resort in Pecatu, but a footnote at the end of the article (added by the translator) lists that Tommy is a murder suspect. [59]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The chairman of the House of Judges, Tahsin, stated that the article damaged Tommy's reputation as a “national and international business man”.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He said that Tommy's past should not be listed because he had already completed his sentence. [60]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Rolls-Royce bribery case In 2012, former Rolls-Royce employee Dick Taylor alleged that his company gave $20 million in bribes and one blue Rolls—Royce car to Tommy in the early 1990s to persuade Garuda Indonesia to buy Rolls Trent 700 engines for Airbus A330 aircraft. [61]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In 2013, Tommy's lawyer issued a statement that denied that Tommy received money or cars or suggested Rolls-Royce engines to Garuda. [62]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In 2017, Great Britain's Serious Fraud Office (SFO) signed a Deferred Prosecution Agreement (DPA) with Rolls-Royce over this bribery and corruption scandal.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Rolls-Royce is obliged to pay a £671 million fine for its criminal offences in various dark deals in Indonesia, Thailand, India, Russia, Nigeria, China and Malaysia.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The SFO report stated that Rolls-Royce bribed two intermediaries in Indonesia. [63]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In October 2017, Tommy's lawyer, Erwin Kallo, again dismissed Tommy's involvement in the case. [64]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He fears that the mass media is being duped by fake news without checking their sources first.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He blamed the Indonesian Wikipedia for continuing to associate Tommy with the Rolls-Royce case despite being dismissed. [65]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Political career On March 11, 1988, Tommy (then 25 years old) and his older brothers first attended the inauguration ceremony of his father as president in his fifth term.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Their presence raised speculation that they were being groomed to occupy political office. [10]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy, Tutut, and Bambang later joined Golkar, the largest political party in the Suharto regime.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In 1992, they were appointed as members of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). [66]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

After Suharto's retreat in May 1998, Golkar announced in July that his party was withdrawing Tommy, Tutut, and Bambang (and Bambang's wife, Halimah) from the Assembly. [67]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In 2008, Golkar officials said that they would allow Suharto's children to rejoin the party as long as they were not involved in legal matters. [68]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In 2009, Tommy came forward as a candidate for chairman of the Golkar party in the party's national deliberations in Riau.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Members of his campaign team, Saurip Kadi, said that Tommy promised to give Rp50 billion (equivalent to $5 million) to every Golkar DPD II if elected. [69]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

However, Aburizal Bakrie promised Rp1 trillion and was eventually elected chairman. [70]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In May 2016, Tommy announced he would run for Golkar party chairman, but he cancelled it and did not register. [71]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In that month, Tommy was appointed as a member of the Board of Trustees of Golkar Party. [72]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In July 2016, Tommy founded the Berkarya Party by merging the Berbanyan Karya Party with the Republican National Party. [73]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

The new party received government permission in October 2016.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Berkarya Party also uses banyan tree logo and yellow color typical of Golkar.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In March 2017, Berkarya Party and Swara Rakyat Indonesia (Parsindo) announced that they supported Tommy forward as a presidential candidate in the 2019 Indonesian general election.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Secretary General of Parsindo, Ahmad Hadari, predicted that the 2019 presidential election “will be a war” between the Sukarno dynasty and the Suharti dynasty. [74]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In May 2017, Tommy said that he was concerned about Indonesia's current condition because corruption thrives in Parliament. [75]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In September 2017, Tommy said that he had no interest in advancing in the presidential election in 2019. [76]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

As of October 2017, his lawyer denied that Tommy planned to come forward as a presidential candidate in 2019.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He said that fake accounts on social media claimed that he was supported by various mass organizations. [77]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

On 11 March 2018, Tommy was appointed chairman of the Berkarya Party. [78]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

That date coincided with the 52nd anniversary of Supersemar, a letter signed by Sukarno dated 11 March 1966 that handed power to the Minister Commander-in-Chief of the Army, Suharto.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

During his appointment ceremony as party chairman, Tommy said that the selection of the date of the event was accidental. [79]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Criticism of Jokowi In February 2018, Tommy criticized the administration of President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo for allowing the country's debt to swell to $340 billion.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He said that the Suharto-era state debt was only $54 billion.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He criticized Jokowi's infrastructure development policy for being the main cause of rising foreign debt.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He argued that infrastructure development should be accompanied by a decrease in commodity transportation costs, not prioritizing projects only. [80]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy's racing career had a career as a car driver and participated in the 1997 Rally Indonesia race against a number of top riders from the World Rally Championship.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He also funded the construction of the Sentul International Circuit.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy served as chairman of the Indonesian Motor Association in 1991—1995. [81]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

After his release in 2006, Tommy took part in the SS-12 Rally National Championship in Pecatu, Bali.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy was driving a Subaru Impreza WRX, but his car rolled over so he could not continue the race. [82]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He is a member of the board of IMI for the period 2016—2020. [83]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

His son, Darma Mangkuluhur Hutomo, is also a car racing driver.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Private life In the early 1990s, Tommy was in a relationship with singer Maya Rumantir and it appeared alleged that they were getting married. [84]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tommy's mother reportedly disapproves of the relationship because Maya is a Christian of Chinese-Manado descent, whereas Tommy is Javanese Muslim.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

So, her parents wanted Tommy to marry a Javanese noble. [85] [86] In 2001, the police examined Maya in the midst of a search for Tommy who was still a fugitive.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He denied hiding Tommy. [87]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

On April 28, 1996, Tommy's mother died from a heart attack after a family dinner.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Rumors growing in Jakarta suspect that Tommy and his older brother, Bambang, were fighting about national car policy and one of them opened fire that hit his mother.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

This oblique news was dismissed by the Indonesian Police Chief, Sutanto (presidential aide in 1996), in Mr. Harto's book The Untold Stories (2011). [88]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Bambang also branded these rumors as “communist slander”. [89]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

At the age of 34, Tommy married Ardhia Pramesti Regita Cahyani (22 years old) or 'Tata' on 30 April 1997 at Mosque At-Tin in Taman Mini Indonesia Indah.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Tata is a descendant of Mangkunegaran Surakarta. [90]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

They have two children, Dharma Mangkuluhur and Radhyana Gayanti Hutami.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

On 15 May 2006, Tata asked for a divorce and moved to Singapore.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

They divorced in September 2006. [91]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In 2017, one of Tommy's lawyers, Salim Muhammad, said that before being jailed, Tommy gave Rp100 billion to Tata to raise his two children.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

He claimed that the money was rushed by Tata without Tommy's knowledge. [92]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

During his 2001 breakout period, Tommy spent his time with a former model named Lani Banjaranti. [93]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

In 2003, Lani said that she had a 13-year-old son from Tommy named Syalif Putrawan. [94]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

When Tommy is detained on Nusakambangan Island over a murder case, he is often guarded by his lover, Sandy Harun, at night.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

She later gave birth to a son named Marimbi Djodi Putri who was also Tommy's son. [95]


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

Position History of Members of MPR RI (1992-1998) Organizational History of Chairman of the Board of Trustees of DPP Berkarya Party (2016-present) Chairman of DPP Berkarya Party (2018-present) See also Siti Hardijanti Rukmana Sigit Harjojudanto Bambang Trihatmodjo Siti Hediati Hariyadi Siti Hutami Endang Adiningsih Records foot Outside Link (in Indonesian), DetikNews, 24 June 2005 (in Indonesian), KOMPAS, 25 June 2005 (in Indonesian), KOMPAS, 30 October 2006 (in Indonesian), KOMPAS, 30 October 2006 (in Indonesian), MERDEKA, 6 October 2017 Transclusion error: {{En}}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

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Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

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Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

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Question: Who is the contractor who won the e-ID card tender?

Tommy Soeharto

George J. Aditjondro, The Washington Post, Sunday, 25 January 1998; Page C01 Soeharto, Tommy Soeharto, Tommy Category:Indonesian Employers Category:Indonesian Socialites Category:Indonesian Criminals Category:Indonesian Corruptors Category:Central Java Figures Category:Javanese Entrepreneurs Category:New Order Figures Category:Indonesian Race Car Category:Rally Racers Category:Politician Party Golongan Works Category:Politician Party Working


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Tokusatsu () is a term in Japanese for special effects (special effects/visual effects) and is often used to call a Japanese-produced live-action sci-fi/fantasy/horror film.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

The etymology of the term tokusatsu is short for the term tokushu satsuei (), a Japanese term that can be translated as “special photography” which refers to the use of special effects (special effects).