Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Government List of Regents List of Regents List of Kulon Progo House of Representatives of the Regional People's Representative Council of Kulon Progo District The list of districts and sub-districts in Kulon Progo Regency Kulon Progo is composed of 12 districts.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Below is a list of sub-districts in Kulon Progo: Galur, with ZIP code 55661 Girimulyo, with postal code 55674 Kalibawang, with postal code 55672 Kokap, with postal code 55653 Lendah, with postal code 55663 Nanggulan, with postal code 55671 Pengasih, with postcode 55652 Samigaluh, with ZIP code 55673 Sentolo, with ZIP code 55664 Temon, with ZIP code 55654 Wates, with ZIP code 55651 Demographics Population Development Cultural Arts Kulon Progo Regency has some distinctive symbols that become regional Identity, among them: Batik Geblek Renteng uniform theme, Typical batik pattern with the pictorial geblek lined (jawa:stretch) which became the official identity uniform for civil servants and students [4] [5].


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Culinary Folk food is popular and commonly consumed by residents of Kulon Progo Regency, especially by local people who are often called Jajan market, among them [6]: Geblek, a traditional food that is only sold exclusively in the Kulon Progo Regency area only.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Foods made from cassava starch, wet tapioca starch, or starch then fried. It has a distinctive flavor, chewy and white in color.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

The shape is at first glance like a figure


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Growol', is a traditional food from ketela that has a slightly sour taste.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Making growol takes four days, that is, since the process of immersing the peeled and sliced into small pieces into water, then drained and crushed, before finally steaming.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Growol is believed to be useful to prevent fatness and cure ulcers and sugar diseases.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Growol is also used by some people who are on a diet.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

In ancient times, growol was consumed by farmers as a substitute for rice when they harvested rice in rice fields or during the season of food crisis (paceklik).


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Tempe Benguk, the basic material of tempe benguk is koro plant (bengok).


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Tempe benguk has a distinctive savory taste of coconut milk, so it is popularized nationally as a companion to soy tempeh.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

In addition the biz contains very high nutrition.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Peyek Undur-undur, Peyek (a kind of cracker) can be found in coastal areas.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

The main ingredient of this object is the undur-undur of the sea.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Peyek undur-undur sea is made from several ingredients such as rice flour, starch, coconut milk, garlic, pecan, coribar, salt, sagging and orange leaves.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Citrus leaves serve as a remover of fishy odors in the drop off.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

This typical coastal food is believed to be efficacious in maintaining health, lowering blood sugar while being able to treat some diseases such as Diabetes mellitus and stroke.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Land Line Transportation Kulon Progo Regency is relatively easy to reach by traveling land from west, east and north because it is located in the middle of Java island.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

There is a station and terminal located in the district capital, namely Wates Station and Wates Terminal.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

This is because Kulon Progo Regency is crossed by the main road across the island of Java through the South Line and also crossed by the Java island railway.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

It is planned that after the construction of the new Airport later the new station and terminal will be integrated with that airport.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Public transport is limited in number other than due to increased operating costs, the majority of people are turning to private vehicles such as motorcycles, cars or bicycles.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Dokar has been very difficult to encounter, but the rickshaw still survives.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

DIY Government Plan Will Build JORR Connecting Kulonprogo-Sleman-Bantul Airstrip The central government has indicated that a new airport namely Yogyakarta International Airport for Yogyakarta Special Region will be located in Kulon Progo Regency.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

The plan is to build an airport with a 3,600-meter runway that serves as an international gateway.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

The original plan was to provide facilities to serve up to 10 million passengers a year.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Later expansions might accommodate up to 20 million passengers per year in phase - 3.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

About 637 hectares of land are being set aside for the project.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Of this, 40% is classified as “Paku Alam (Sultan)” land while the rest belongs to the local community.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

The proposed location is in Temon District between Congot Beach and Glagah Beach (which includes Palihan Village, Sindutan Village, Jangkaran Village and Glagah Village). [7]


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Sea lanes In addition to the airport, a new port is also planned to be built in the near future.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

But this port is a fish port.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Mentioned the port that is planned to be built on the coast of Karangwuni Village, District Wates, Kulonprogo will be named Port Tanjung Adikarta.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Minister of Marine and Fisheries Syarif Cicip Sutardjo confirmed the central government targeted the Port of Tanjung Adikarta to operate early in 2014.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

It is estimated that the Port of Tanjung Adikarta will accommodate about 400 units of ships. [8]


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Sports Persikup (Football Union of Kulonprogo), the football team of Kulon Progo Regency, nicknamed Pendekar Bukit Menoreh, based at Cangkring Stadium with a capacity of 7 thousand spectators.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Now competing in Division III Liga Indonesia Yogyakarta region.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Tourism Kulon Progo Regency also offers natural tourism such as tea gardens, waterfalls, and beaches.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

The following list of tourist attractions in Kulon Progo Regency: Cave Kiskendo Waterfall Curug, Sidoharjo, Samigaluh Puncak Suroloyo Sentolo Industrial Area In order to create an environmentally friendly and pollution-free industrial area, then developed an industrial area in Sentolo, Regency Kulonprogo whose plan is as follows: For the Banguncipto area, namely the processing of agricultural and livestock products, and warehousing services For the Tuksono area: textile, medicine industry, furniture, electronic components, computer assembly, high technology, IT, metal, machinery, electronics, chemical, and Warehousing services The development of Sentolo Industrial area is aimed at various industries covering an area of more than 1,400 hectares.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

The location is bordered by Sleman and Bantul Regency.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

The Sentolo region is an agglomeration area because of Sentolo's position in the border area so that it has an opportunity to achieve the impact of urban development in Sleman and Bantul areas.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

As an agglomeration region, sentolo had opportunities for the development of settlement and trade industries.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

The location of Sentolo is on the national, provincial road and the village shaft road, as well as quite close to the railway station.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

The distance between Sentolo area and wates city is about 8km, distance to downtown Yogyakarta (Malioboro) about 16km, and 17km to prospective international airport.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Supporting infrastructure that has been available is electricity and water.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Currently there is a ready-to-build area area of 140.8 ha.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Sentolo industrial area becomes a strategic area for investment and that should be interested in investors, firstly, because Kulon Progo is one of the districts given industrial areas for DIY and Central Java.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

The region is still 'open' to potential new investors.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Second, the forward Sentolo will be a 'golden triangle' linking Sentolo, Borobudur (Central Java) and Malioboro.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Third, Sentolo is very close (25 minutes) to the prospective international airport and 25 minutes from Malioboro as the business center in Yogyakarta.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Fourth, Sentolo will be the center of crafts in DIY and will be like Tanggulangin Surabaya Batik Kulon Progo has one of the things that makes it more famous, namely Batik.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Batik that characterizes batik khulon progo named batik “Geblek Renteng”.” Geblek” is a typical food of kulon progo, while “Renteng” is the Javanese language of berjer.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

The growth of batik industry in Kulon Progo continues to increase, one of which is batik sekartniti, batik farras, ray perennial batik. for example, Batik Sekarniti is one of the home-industries located in Kulon Progo that participate in preserving Batik culture in Kulon Progo.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Home-industries located in Nanggulan District participate in developing batik culture without eliminating the 'pakem' or authenticity of batik.


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Figures from Kulon Progo Hayom Rumbaka, National men's single badminton player, ranked 26th world [9].


Question: What is the area of Kulon Progo Regency?

Kulon Progo Regency

Marshal of the TNI (Purn) Imam Sufaat, He is the Former Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Air Force who served from November 17, 2009 to December 17, 2012 Hero Nyi Ageng Serang See also the Private Ombudsman Institution of Yogyakarta Special Region Reference External Links Kulon Progo


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty (Hanzi: 清, hanyu pinyin: Qīng Chao) (1644 - 1911), known also as the Manchu Dynasty and was one of two foreign dynasties that ruled in China after the Yuan Mongol dynasty and also was the latter dynasty in China.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing Dynasty

Foreign in a sense is a non-Han governing dynasty that was considered a Chinese entity in ancient times.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing Dynasty

The dynasty was founded by Manchurians from the Aisin Gioro clan (Hanyu Pinyin: Aixinjueluo), then adopted the ordinances of the previous dynasty's rule as well as melting themselves into the Chinese entity itself.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing Dynasty

History of the Formation of the Jin State After breaking away from the influence of the increasingly weakening Ming Dynasty, Aisin Gioro Nurhachi (Pinyin: Aixīnjuéluó N'ěrhāchì 新) united the Jurchen tribal clans (designation before being changed to Manchu) and established the late Jin dynasty (Hou Jin) on year 1609 in what is now the northeastern region of China.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing Dynasty

Nurhachi became Emperor and Khan of the Jin State until he died after being wounded in warfare with the Ming dynasty led general Yuan Chonghuan.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing Dynasty

His fourth son Huangtaiji ascended the throne to become the grand Khan of the new Jin state (after being deposed of his worthy brothers as Khan candidates).


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing Dynasty

Huangtaiji changed the name of his country from 'Jin' (literally meaning gold) to 'Qing' (literally pure meaning) thus naman his country the Great Qing Empire (Hanzi: 大清国/ 大清; Pinyin: dàqīng diguó) and also the name of his nation from Jurchen to Manchu.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing Dynasty

He died before the Manchu people completely controlled all of China.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing Dynasty

His ninth son, Aixinjueluo Fulin ascended the throne to become Emperor of the great Qing state with the title of Emperor of Shunzhi while his uncle Prince Rui, Duo'ergun as State Guardians as the emperor was still 4 years old at the time, together with Ji'erhalang.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing Dynasty

The fall of the Ming dynasty The state of the Ming state at that time was chaotic especially after the rebel hordes led by Li Zicheng managed to enter and seize the capital, Beijing.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The last Ming dynasty emperor, Chongzhen committed suicide by hanging himself after killing the entire royal family to avoid being caught by the rebels.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The Ming dynasty was officially over.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Li Zicheng established the Shun dynasty with Xi'an as the capital.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Wu Sangui, the general of the Ming dynasty guarding the gates of Shanhai refused to join Li Zicheng and asked the Manchu nation for help under the leadership of the guardian prince Duo'ergun.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

This opportunity was taken by the troops of eight Qing dynasty flags to take over Beijing and move south.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

General Wu Sangui opened the gates of the great wall and an army of eight Qing dynasty flags managed to seize Beijing from Li Zicheng.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

In 1644 prince Duo'ergun declared the Qing dynasty with his emperor Shunzhi to be the successor and heir of the Ming dynasty and the celestial mandate had passed from the Ming dynasty to the Qing dynasty.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

With the help of the generals of the Ming dynasty who defected to the Qing dynasty such as Wu Sangui, Hong Chengchou, Kong Youde, Shang Kexi, Shi Lang and others, the Manchu nation's eight-flag army moved south snuffing out the remnants of the Ming dynasty who established a new throne in the south ('dynasty' Southern Ming').


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

It was only in 1664 that the Qing dynasty really had taken over the entire mainland of China.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Under the rule of the Kangxi Emperor, the island of Taiwan was finally successfully seized from the rest of the forces loyal to the Ming dynasty in 1683.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty was famous for its policies that were unpopular among the Han people by forcing them to obey the Manchu nation's way of dress and hairstyle.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The Manchu people's hairstyle of shaving the front hair and braiding the back hair was considered an insult by the Han people, who considered hair to be a derivative obtained from ancestors.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

In those times, for Han people who disobey this rule will face the penalty of decapitation.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

One popular term of the times was to want the head, cut the hair; want the hair, cut the head.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

In the field of government, the Qing dynasty adopted ways from the Ming dynasty especially the Konghucu anutans.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Although at first intermingling between Han and Man was forbidden to maintain the culture and characteristics of the Manchu people, by the end of the 19th century the Manchu people had become very mixed with the Han people and lost much of their identity, for example, the Manchu language was replaced almost completely with Mandarin, even in a royal family setting.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The golden age of the Qing Dynasty reached its peak during the reigns of the Kangxi Emperors (reigned 1662 - 1722), Yongzheng (1723 - 1735) and Qianlong (1735 - 1796).


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

In 1661 the Shunzhi emperor died at the age of 24 and was succeeded by his fourth son, Aixinjueluo Xuanyue as the Kangxi Emperor.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

During the early days of his reign, the Kangxi Emperor was assisted by the 4th Minister Wali and fostered by his grandmother, Empress Xiaozhuang.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

In 1669, the Kangxi Emperor successfully thwarted the plans of one of his Walinya Minutes, Aobai who wanted to rebel.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

He also succeeded in dampening the Rebellion of the Three Viceroys (one of whom was Wu Sangui, who was given the territory and princely title because of his services) and the rebellion of tribes from Mongolia.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Taiwan controlled by the Zheng family loyal to the Ming dynasty, successfully controlled in 1683.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

A border treaty with Russia was also made in 1689.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

As late as the Kangxi Emperor in 1722, his fourth son prince Yong (born Aixinjueluo Yinzhen) ascended the throne as Yongzheng.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

His reign was tinged with disputes between princes, who felt the rise of the Yongzheng Emperor was engineered.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The Yongzheng Emperor was known as a hard-working emperor.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

During his reign the economy of the Qing state strengthened.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Prince Bao (Aixinjueluo Hongli) replaced his father with the Qianlong era in 1735.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

During his reign the Greater Qing region was expanded by the success of his Military Campaigns known as the Ten Great Campaigns.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Unfortunately the final days of his reign were tainted by corruption practices by officials, one of them by his beloved minister Heshen.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Demi showed his devotion to his grandfather the Kangxi emperor, the Qianlong emperor abdicated before his long reign equaled the Kangxi emperor and handed the throne to his fifteenth son Prince Jia (Aixinjueluo Yongyan).


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Prince Jia became the Jiaqing Emperor and he himself became emperor emeritus (Taishanghuang) but remained in control of government until he died.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

As soon as his father was, the Jiaqing Emperor then executed Heshen on corruption charges and confiscated his wealth.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Corruption that began to run rampant in the government in the late days of the Qianlong emperor, signified beginning the weakening of the Qing dynasty.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Western rebellion and imperialism The presence of western peoples in the early 18th century gnawed at the power of the Manchu nation.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Various rebellions of Han tribes intent on overthrowing the Qing dynasty and restoring the Ming dynasty occurred on various scales.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

However one of the major rebellions was the Taiping rebellion which made Nanjing the capital.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The Candu War that ended with defeat also brought discontent among the Han people towards the Manchu nation.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Candu War I, 1838 culminated in the humiliating defeat of the Qing dynasty in 1842.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The Treaty of Nanjing had an impact on the handover of Hong Kong to the British and the opening of Chinese ports to western peoples.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Government behind the curtain After China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese war (1894-1895) the Guangxu Emperor (reigned 1875 - 1908) finally decided to renew/reform.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The Hundred Days Reform of 1898 proffered by the Guangxu emperor was widely opposed by conservative circles.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Under the leadership of Queen Mother Cixi (the widow of the Xianfeng emperor, the adoptive mother of the Guangxu emperor), they organized a coup d'état resulting in the Guangxu emperor's stripped of power.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Yuan Shikai, the military commander-in-chief who had been asked for his military assistance by the Guangxu Emperor, chose to side with Queen Mother Cixi thus inflicting a deep grudge on the Guangxu emperor against her.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

From then on, Queen Mother Cixi who had ceased to be the guardian of the Guangxu emperor returned to power and the reform stalled.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

In 1901 Queen Mother Cixi supported the Boxer rebellion to expel the western nation and declared war on 8 foreign nations.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The combined eight nations managed to seize Beijing so the Queen Mother and the Emperor and the royal family had to run to Xi'an. Although the combined eight nations originally wanted Queen Mother Cixi to be put to death, thanks to the diplomacy of Li Hongzhang (the commander-in-chief of the Beiyang army, who had surrendered the Beiyang army under the leadership of Yuan Shikai) he survived even though China had to pay huge damages.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

On her return to Beijing, Queen Mother Cixi finally agreed to the reforms, albeit belatedly.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The Qing imperial side announced that the empire would be gradually transformed into a constitutional monarchy, but the nationalists considered the Qing government lacked the good faith to implement it.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The fall of the dynasty In 1908 the Guangxu Emperor and Queen Mother Cixi died at the same time and the throne was handed over to the Guangxu emperor's nephew, 3-year-old Aixinjueluo Puyi with his father Prince Chun as the guardian prince.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Prince Chun intended to kill Yuan Shikai as per the Guangxu emperor's bequest but was thwarted by Zhang Zhidong on the grounds killing Yuan could result in a rebellion of the Beiyang army.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

As the military strength of the Beiyang army led by Yuan Shikai was considerable, Yuan was called up again to combat the nationalist force in the south led by Dr. Sun Yat Sen. The uprising in Wuchang on 10 October 1911 was successful and followed by the establishment of the Republic of China in the south with Nanjing as capital and Sun Yat Sen (Sun Zhongshan) as interim chief.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

From then on various provinces in the south declared loose from the Qing dynasty to join the republic.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Yuan removed prince Chun and created a cabinet whose contents were his cronies with Yuan himself as Prime Minister.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

However Yuan got in touch with Sun for his personal benefit.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Sun agreed to surrender the presidency to Yuan if he agreed to force Emperor Xuantong (Puyi) to abdicate.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

In 1912 Yuan Shikai forced Queen Mother Longyu (the widow of the Guangxu emperor) to dethrone her emperor Xuantong/Puyi.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The republicans promised to let the emperor Puyi still occupy part of the forbidden city and retain the title of Emperor, although it would only be honored as befits the Emperor of a foreign country.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty ended on February 12, 1912.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The area The area of the Qing Dynasty in its peak time once reached 12 million square kilometers.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

At the end of the 16th century, Russian Ketsaran held an eastward expansion.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

At the time the Qing Dynasty army was storming into the interior, Russian Ketsaran forces using the occasion occupied Yaksa and Nibuchu.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The Qing Dynasty government many times demanded that the Russian Ketsaran aggressors withdraw from Chinese territory.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Years 1685 and 1686, the Kangxi Emperor commanded the Qing Dynasty army twice to storm the Russian Ketsaran forces at Yaksa.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The Russian army was forced to agree to hold negotiations to resolve the issue of the border of the eastern sector of Sino-Russia.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

In 1689, Chinese and Russian representatives held talks at Nichersink.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

And officially signed the first border treaty, namely the Treaty of Nibuchu.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Social culture and religion in the Qing Dynasty government has a unique culture, which follows the culture of the Manchu people.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Manchu society has a special hairstyle.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

They cut out all the hair on the front of the head and make the hair on the back of the head a long bang.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

However, it becomes a debate, because it is very insulting to the Han people, whose people strongly uphold or consider that hair is a derivative of ancestors that is worth preserving.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

In terms of architecture, the Qing administration generally inherited traditions from the Ming Dynasty, for which they assumed that buildings were something important in the technology of coaching and grandeur.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Beijing, the mother of the Qing Dynasty has nurtured on the principle of its origin rather than the Ming Dynasty.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

In the city there are 20 tall and magnificent gates. The most magnificent gate is the Zhengyang Gate in the city.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The palace of the king of the Ming Dynasty has been used continuously by the king of the Qing Dynasty, so the king of the Qing Dynasty has fostered massive gardens including Yuanmingyuan Garden and Yihe Garden.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

In that period, Chinese coaching has also used glass from outside the country.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

In addition, free-styled and variegated residents' homes have been widely used.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The uniquely styled Tibetan Buddhist Religious Building has been widely used in the period.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Even the temple buildings have them refurbished.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

They have created variegated building art, examples of which are the Yonghe Temple building and several Tibetan Buddhist religious temples used in Chengde, China's Hebei Province.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

In the late Qing Dynasty, buildings fostered with Chinese cultivation art with the west were also used in China.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty also adopted ways from the Ming dynasty especially the Konghucu anutans.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Although at first intermingling between Han and Man was forbidden to maintain the culture and characteristics of the Manchu people, by the end of the 19th century the Manchu people had become very mixed with the Han people and lost much of their identity, for example, the Manchu language was replaced almost completely with Mandarin, even in a royal family setting.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Even traditional Chinese clothing or often called Hanfu, was also replaced with Manchu style clothing, namely Qipao (pennant root garment) and Tangzhuang.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

The culture must be followed by the Chinese people.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

And if any Chinese people do not use it it will be subject to punishment.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

And the punishment for who disobeys that law is the death penalty.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

Foreign relations At the time of the Qing Dynasty, the government still upheld the policy of agricultural development as its main policy, but in relations with foreign countries, the Qing Dynasty was very isolated because it tended to shut down.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

After the middle period, various contradictions of Qing Dynasty society began to taper off, meanwhile rebellion struggles also often occurred, among which the Balianjiao rebellion ended the golden period of Qing Dynasty rule.


Question: When did the Qing Dynasty stand?

Qing dynasty

At the time of the KangXi dynasty there were several loyal officials: Wei Dong Ting Wu Ci You Zhou Pei Gong Yao Qi Sheng Li Guang Di Su Ma La Gu See also List of Qing Dynasty Emperors Reference Outlinks


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

He was selected by the New York Jets in the fourth round of the 2013 NFL Draft.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

These products include search technology, web computing, software, and online advertising. [6]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Most of its profit comes from AdWords. [7] [8] Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while he was a Ph.D. student at Stanford University.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

They both hold 16per cent of the company's shares.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

They made Google a private company on September 4, 1998.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Its mission statement is “to gather the world's information and make it accessible and useful to everyone”, [9] and its unofficial slogan is “Don't be evil”. [10] [11] In 2006, Google's headquarters moved to Mountain View, California.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Since its founding, the company's rapid growth has resulted in a wide range of products, acquisitions and cooperation in the areas of Google's core search engine.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

The company offers online (in-network) productivity software, including electronic mail (email), office application packages, and social networks.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Its desk computer products include apps for browsing the web, organizing and editing photos, and instant messaging.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

The company initiated the development of the Android operating system for mobile phones and Google Chrome OS [12] for the Chromebook line of netbooks.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google is already turning to communications hardware.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

They teamed up with various major electronics manufacturers to produce its Nexus devices and acquired Motorola Mobility in May 2012. [13]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

In 2012, fiber optic infrastructure was installed in Kansas to facilitate Google Fiber wideband Internet service. [14]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

The company is estimated to operate more than one million servers in multiple data centers around the world [15] and process more than one billion search queries [16] and approximately 24 petabites of user-generated data each day. [17] [18] [19] [20] In December 2012, Alexa called google.com as the most visited website in the world.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google sites in other languages rank in the top 100, as did Google-owned sites such as YouTube and Blogger. [21]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google ranks second in the BrandZ brand equity database. [22]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Its market dominance reaped criticism regarding copyright, censorship, and privacy. [23] [24].


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

In 2014, Google also received an award from Business Indeed as the company with the most valuable brand. [25]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

On August 10, 2015, Google through a blog post, Google CEO Larry Page announced the formation of a new company called Alphabet that will be the parent company with Google and other businesses that are not too closely related to Google's main business [26].


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

On the restructuring, Larry Page will become CEO of Alphabet's new company.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Sergey Brinn served as President accompanied by Erich Schmidt as Executive Chairman.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Meanwhile, the CEO of Google will be held by Sundar Pichai [27].


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google products has created services and equipment for business and community environments; including web applications, advertising networks and solutions for businesses.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google Adsense Adsense Advertising - An ad offering service to web owners, where they will be able to be displayed on web pages relevant to the keywords of the ad.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google Adwords - An advertising service by Google, where ads appear only ads relevant to the content of a web page.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Most of Google's revenue comes from advertising programs.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

For its 2006 financials, the company reportedly received an advertising profit amount of $10.492 billion and only $112 million in licensing and other revenues. [28]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google AdWords allows web advertisers to display their ads in Google and Google Content Network search results, through a pay-click or pay-view system.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google AdSense website owners can also display their ads on their own sites, and make a profit every time an ad is clicked.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google Search App - Google is widely known for its web search service, which is a big factor of the company's success.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

As of August 2007, Google was the most used search engine on the web with a market share of 53.6%, then Yahoo! (19.9%) and Live Search (12.9%). [29]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google has billions of web pages, so users can search for the information they want, through the use of keywords and carriers.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google has also used Web Search technology on other search services, including, Image Search, Google News, price comparison site Google Product Search, Google Groups interactive Usenet archive, Google Maps and others.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google Maps - Service for viewing maps on mobile applications, and is also available for personal computers.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google Earth - Service from Google to view maps of the Earth.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

It is an interactive mapping program provided by satellites and aerial photography covering the entirety of planet Earth.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google Earth is considered very accurate and more detailed.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Some major cities have vivid images that can be brought up close to seeing vehicles and pedestrians clearly.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

As a result, there are several reasons for involvement in national security.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Specifically, some countries and militaries assume this software can be used to see with near-clear clarity the physical location of damaged infrastructure, commercial and residential buildings, bases, government agencies, and more.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

After all, satellite images are rarely updated, and they are all available free through other products and even government sources (NASA and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, as an example).


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Some people judge this argument by stating that Google Earth is easily accessible as well when searching for locations.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google Books - Service from Google to view and search books.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Gmail Communications - In 2004, Google launched its free web-based email service, referred to as Gmail. [30]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Gmail features spam-filtering technology and the ability to use Google technology to search for emails.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

This service makes a profit by displaying ads from the AdWords service that are included in the contents of email messages displayed on the screen.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google Drive - Service from Google for storing data, which is connected with the Google Docs service.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google Docs - Service from Google for storing documents.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google Chrome - Google also launched Google Chrome that is a browser.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

The browser is fast enough and it looks minimalist.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

In September 2008 Google released the code for Google through the Chromium project, where until now Google Chrome was still based on Chromium.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google Chrome comes with a good security feature, in which Google Chrome will commemorate users accessing sites that are on Google's blacklist.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

In addition, Google Chrome also differentiates processes running on one tab from processes on another, thereby improving user ease, as well as increasing reliability from Google Chrome.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Mobile Phones In 2007, some reports stated that Google planned the launch of their own mobile phone, likely a competitor to Apple's iPhone. [31] [32] [33] On November 5, 2007, Google finally announced Android, a software platform and operating system for mobile devices supported the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 34 software, hardware, and telecommunications companies aimed at developing open standards for mobile devices.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

In September 2008, T-Mobile released the first phone running on the Android platform, the G1.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Currently Google is also planning to develop a Google Tablet communication device, equipped with 3D technology. [34]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google Video Entertainment - In early 2006, the company launched Google Video, which not only allowed users to search and view videos for free, but also allowed users and media spreaders to spread their contents, including CBS television shows, NBA basketball games and music videos. [35]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

In August 2007, Google announced that it would discontinue its video rental and sale program and offer refunds and Google Checkout credits for users who had purchased videos for themselves.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Others Google Analytics - A service that contains tools for webmasters to analyze their web users.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google SMS - In October 2007, the Google SMS service launched in India and allowed users to obtain business listings, movie playback schedules and information by sending short messages. [36]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google Google Product Promotions has promoted their products in a variety of ways.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

In London, Google Space was established at Heathrow Airport, featuring a range of products, including Gmail, Google Earth and Picasa. [37] [38] Also, a similar page was launched for American students, under the name College Life, Powered by Google. [39]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Derivative product In 2007, Google launched Google Apps Premier Edition, another version of Google Apps focused primarily on business users.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

The product has several additions such as more disk space for e-mail, API access, and primary support, priced at USD50 per user per year.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

A large Google Apps gathering with 38,000 users was held at Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. [40]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

On December 13, 2007, Google announced the limited launch of Knol, a website intended as a reference source of knowledge.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Knol opened free to all users on July 23, 2008.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google's Services Platform runs on multiple server fields, each field containing thousands of low-fare commodity computers running Linux versions.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

While the company does not provide detailed information about its hardware, a 2006 calculation states that there are 450,000 servers, grouped and located in data centers around the world. [41]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google's Corporate Habits and Culture is known for its laid-back work ethic, reminiscent of the Dot-com season. In January 2007, Google's culture was studied by Fortune Magazine and ranked #1 (out of 100) the best companies to work for. [42]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

The company's philosophy is based on the usual principles such as, “You can make money without vandals”, “You can work seriously without wearing a uniform,” and “Working should be challenging and challenges should be fun.”


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

A complete list of company fundamentals is available on its website. [43]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google's casual working culture can be seen by its varied Google logo on key days.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google has been criticized for conducting payroll below industry standards [44].


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

For example, some system administrators paid less than $35,000 per year, considered less for the Bay Area job market. [45]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

In any case, the performance of Google shares after the IPO has allowed many early employees to be compensated by participating in the growth of the company's fortunes. [46]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Google implemented other employee incentives in 2005, such as the Google Founders' Award, with the addition of giving big salaries to new employees.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Convenience, culture, global popularity, and appreciation of its strong brand have also attracted many potentially job applicants.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

After the IPO in August 2004, it was reported that founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page, and CEO Eric Schmidt, requested that their salaries be cut to $1. [47]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Upcoming offers by companies to boost their salaries have been scrapped, mainly because, “their ultimate indemnity will come from the return of shareholding in Google.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

As significant shareholders, each other's wealth is directly linked to balance performance and share price appreciation, providing a direct cross with shareholder interest. “[47]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

In 2004, Schmidt was paid $250,000 a year, and Page and Brin were paid $150,000 each. [47]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

They have all rejected offers of bonuses and increased indemnity by Google's board of directors.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

On its 2007 United States' richest person report, Forbes reported that Sergey Brin and Larry Page rank #5 with fortunes of $18.5 billion each. [48]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Googleplex While playing around with Google's name, its office, in Mountain View, California, is named “Googleplex”.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

A googolplex that is 1 followed by one hundred zeroes, and the office becomes a building complex (some kind of multiplex, cineplex, etc.).


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

The lobby is decorated with pianos, lava lamps, assemblages of old servers, and projections of question marks on the walls.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

The aisle is full of balls and exercise bikes.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

Every employee has access to the office entertainment center.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

The needs provided are spread across campus and include a gymnasium with sports equipment, locker rooms, bathrooms, massage rooms, video games, Football, a big boy piano, a pool table, and ping pong.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

With an addition to the recreation room, there is a dining room filled with a variety of cereals, bear candy, confectionery, black candy, cashews, yogurt, carrots, fresh fruits, and dozens of drinks such as fresh juices, sodas, and homemade cappuccinos.


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

In 2006, Google moved to a 28,900 m² office in New York City, precisely 111 Eighth Ave. in Manhattan. [49]


Question: When was Activision founded?

Google

The office was designed and built specifically for Google and houses its largest ad sales team that has been instrumental in maintaining great cooperation, especially with MySpace and AOL. [49]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

In 2003, they added a development officer in New York City, who has been responsible for more than 100 development projects, including Google Maps, Google Sheets, and others. [49]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

It is estimated that the building drains costs $10 million a year for rent and forms also the same function as offices in Mountain View, including Football, air hockey, and ping pong tables, also video game areas. [49]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

In 2006, Google also inaugurated a new office for its Adwords division in Ann Arbor, Michigan. [50]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

The size of Google's search system is not yet known; the company's estimated number of servers is 450,000, spread across 25 locations around the world, including large operations centers in Ireland and Atlanta, Georgia.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

Google is also in the process of building a large operations center in The Dalles, Oregon, on the banks of the Columbia River.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

The site, referred to the media as Project 02, was chosen because of the availability of hydroelectric power and large fibre-optic cable stocks, abandoned since the dot com season in the 1990s. The computing center is estimated to be as large as two football fields, and has generated hundreds of construction jobs, resulting in local real estate prices increasing 40%.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

When completed, the building will generate 60 to 200 permanent jobs in that city of 12,000 people. [51]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

Google is also making moves to guarantee their operations are environmentally friendly.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

In October 2006, the company announced plans to install thousands of solar panels to provide 1.6 megawatts of electricity, enough to meet 30% of campus energy needs. [52]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

The system will be the largest solar power system on a U.S. corporate campus and one of the largest in the world.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

In June 2007, Google announced that it plans to have carbon-free status in 2008, which includes investing in energy efficiency, updated energy sources, and not using carbon, such as investing in projects such as collecting and burning methane from animal feces in the farms of Mexico and Brazil. [53]”


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

Twenty percent” time All Google developers leave 20% of their work time (a day per week) on projects that interest them.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

Some of Google's new services, such as Gmail, Google News, Orkut, and AdSense come from these independent developers. [54]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

In a talk at Stanford University, Marissa Mayer, Google's Vice President for Search Products and User Satisfaction, stated that her analysis showed that half of the new products launched came from 20% of the time. [55]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

Easter eggs and April Fools' Day invites Google have a tradition of making April Fools' Day tributes — such as Google MentalPlex, which features the use of mental power to search the web. [56]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

In 2002, they claimed that pigeons were the secret behind its growing search engine. [57]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

In 2004, they launched Google Lunar (which is claimed to generate job openings in the month), [58] and in 2005, a fictional brain-stimulating drink, named Google Gulp was launched. [59]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

In 2006, they came up with Google Romance, an online dating service. [60]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

In 2007, Google announced two inviting products.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

First is a free wireless Internet service called TiSP (Toilet Internet Service Provider) [61] where a person obtains a connection by flushing the end of a fiber optic cable down their toilet and waiting about an hour for a “Plumbing Hardware Dispatcher (PHD)” to connect it with Internet. [61]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

In addition, Google's Gmail page displays an announcement for Gmail Paper, allowing users of their free email service to have their email messages published and sent to their intended mailing address. [62]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

Some people thought Gmail's 2004 announcement around April Fools' Day (also the doubling of Gmail storage space to two gigabytes in 2005) was a lie, even though both turned into original announcements.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

In 2005, a lying chart declaring Google's success for GB's “unlimited plus one” storage was displayed in Gmail's homepage.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

Google's service contains a number of Easter eggs; for example, the Language Tools page offers searches with languages “Bork bork bork” from Swedish Chef, “Hacker” (actually leet) from Pig Latin, Elmer Fudd, and Klingon. [63]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

In addition, this search engine calculator provides Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams. [64]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

While the Google search box can be used as a unit exchanger (also as a calculator), some non-standard units are also included, such as Smoot.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

Google also regularly changes its logo with various variations of holidays or special days throughout the year, such as Christmas, Mother's Day, or the birthdays of a number of famous people. [65]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

IPO and Culture Many people speculate that Google's IPO could affect the company's culture, [66] because of shareholder pressure for a reduction in employee and short-term profits, or because a large number of company employees can become sudden millionaires.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

Greeting a report given to potentially investors, founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page promised that the IPO would not change the company's culture. [67]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

Then Page said, “We thought about how to maintain our culture and fun elements.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

We waste a lot of time trying to correct our office.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

We think it's important to have a lot of employees.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

People are gathered together everywhere.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

We all shared an office.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

We like this set of buildings because it looks like a university campus put together rather than a regular suburban office park. “[68]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

After all, some analysts found that as Google grew, it became more and more “corporate”.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

In 2005, articles in The New York Times and other sources stated that Google had lost its anti-corporate, without the philosophy of origin [69] [70] [71] With a view to maintaining the company's unique culture, Google had produced a Chief Culture Officer in 2006, who also served as Director of Human Resources.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

The work of the Chief Culture Officer is to build and maintain culture and work on the right path to the core result that the company was founded initially a small company, rarely hierarchical, a collaborative environment. [72]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

Criticism While growing, Google has received various controversies attributed to their business practices and services.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

For example, the goal of Google Book Search is to include millions of books and make them easily searchable has led on copyright abuse with the Authors Guild.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

Another copyright issue is about Gmail in the UK and some other countries.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

Now, in different parts of the world, it is known as Google Mail.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

Google's cooperation with the Chinese government, and further with France and Germany (after Holocaust denial) to filter search results based on local laws and regulations leading to claims of censorship.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

Google cookies and other information collection practices have led to issues regarding user privacy.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

Some Indian local governments have broached issues regarding the security risks displayed by the detail images provided by Google Earth. [73]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

Google has also been criticized by advertisers for making pay clicks, when someone is used to make a payment on an ad without having any sense of interest in the product.


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

A 2006 industry report claimed that about 14 to 20 percent of clicks constituted coercion pay. [74]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

Criticism of Google also occurred when Google along with other freemium game organizers were accused of improper and misleading promotions. [75]


Question: when was Activision founded?

Google

See also Google Translate - Google Googlebot Web Translator - Google Google China search bot - Google Google China Web search subsidiary Google File System - Google Google Platform internal distributed data system - Google system hardware architecture and servers with Geography reference Google Doodle Search engine TrusRank Footnotes Library List Outside links Category:Companies centered in Mountain View, California Category:Information technology companies United States Category:Companies United States Category:Internet companies Category:Companies established in 1998


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

The Malay tribe [8] [9] (Malay: Malay; Jawi: ملايو) is an ethnic group of mainly Austronesian people inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula, eastern Sumatra, the southern part of Thailand, the south coast of Burma, the island of Singapore, coastal Borneo including Brunei, West Borneo, and Sarawak and Coastal Sabah, western and southern Philippines, and the smaller islands located between these locations — collectively known as the 'Malay Realms'.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

This location is now part of the modern-day states of Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, Burma, Thailand, and the Philippines.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Despite this, many Minangkabau, Mandailing, and Dayak peoples who moved to the eastern coastal region of Sumatra and the west coast of Borneo, claiming to be Malays.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Apart from the archipelago, Malays are also present in Sri Lanka, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Cocos Malays), and South Africa (Cape Malays).


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

History The name “Malayu” comes from the Malayu Kingdom which once existed in Sungai Batang Hari area, Jambi.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

In its development, the Malay Kingdom was eventually conquered and became a subordinate to the Kingdom of Sriwijaya. [10]


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

The use of the term Malay extends beyond Sumatra, following the territorial imperium of Sriwijaya which expanded to Java, Borneo, and the Malayan Peninsula.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Based on the inscription Kepper Laguna, Malay traders have traded throughout Southeast Asia, also taking part in bringing Malay culture and language customs to the region.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Malay eventually became the lingua franca replacing Sanskrit. [11]


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

The glory era of Sriwijaya was a golden period for Malay civilization, including during the time of Sailendra in Java, then continued by the kingdom of Dharmasraya until the 14th century, and continued to flourish during the Malacca Sultanate [12] [13] [14] before the kingdom was conquered by the forces of the army Portuguese in 1511.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

The entry of Islam into the archipelago in the 12th century, was absorbed well by the Malay community.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Islamization has not only occurred among commoners, but has become the complexion of Malay kingdoms.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Among these kingdoms are the Johor Sultanate, the Sultanate of Perak, the Sultanate of Pahang, the Sultanate of Brunei, the Sultanate of Langkat, the Sultanate of Deli, and the Sultanate of Siak.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Even the kingdom of Karo Aru had a king with Malay titles.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

The arrival of Europe has led to the diasporation of Malays throughout the archipelago, Sri Lanka, and South Africa.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

In the field, they filled many royal posts such as being shaahbandar, cleric, and magistrate.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

In later developments, almost the entire Archipelago gained direct influence from the Malay Tribes.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

The Malay language, which has developed and been used by many peoples of the archipelago, was eventually chosen to become the national language of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Etymologist Ptolemy (90 - 168 AD) in his work Geographia records a promontory in Aurea Chersonesus (Malay Peninsula) named Maleu-kolon, which is believed to be derived from Sanskrit, malayakolam or malaikurram [15].


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Based on G. E. Gerini, Maleu-Kolon currently refers to Tanjung Kuantan or Tanjung Penyabung in Peninsular Malaysia.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Mountain People Pada Chapter 48 of the Sanskrit Hindu Vuya Purana text, the word Malayadvipa refers to a province on the island rich in gold and silver.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

There stands a hill called Malaya which means a big mountain (Mahamalaya).


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Despite so many Western scholars, among others Sir Roland Braddell equates Malayadvipa with Sumatra [16].


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Whereas Indian scholars believe that it refers to several mountains in Peninsular Malaysia [17] [18] [19] [20] [21].


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Malayu Kingdom From the records of Yi Jing, a Buddhist priest from the Tang Dynasty, who visited the Archipelago between 688 - 695, he mentions there was a kingdom known as Mo-Lo-Yu (Malay), which was a 15-day voyage from Sriwijaya.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

From Ka-Cha (Kedah), the distance is 15 days of voyage. [22]


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Based on Yi Jing's records, the kingdom was an independent state and was eventually conquered by Sriwijaya.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Based on the Padang Roco Inscription (1286) in West Sumatra, found the words bhumi malayu with its capital at Dharmasraya.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

The kingdom was a continuation of the Malayu and Sriwijaya Kingdoms which had existed in Sumatra since the 7th century.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Later Adityawarman moved the capital of this kingdom to the inland region at Pagaruyung.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

The famous Venetian adventurer, Marco Polo in his book Travels of Marco Polo mentions about Malauir located in the southern part of the Malay Peninsula.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

The word “Malay” was popularized by the Malacca Sultanate used to bang Malacca culture with foreign cultures namely Javanese and Thai. [23]


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

In its course, Malacca was not only noted as a dominant trading center, but also as a center of widely influential Malay civilization. [24]


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Malay Malaysian Malays called Katuan Malays are Malay peoples inscribed Malays native to the land of Peninsular Malaya (Malay Anak Jati), plus tribes of arrivals from Indonesia and other places called Malay Anak Dagang such as Java, Minangkabau, Riau, Mandailing, Aceh, Bugis, Bawean, Banjar, Champa and others.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

All are tied up by the Islamic religion and Malay culture of Malaysia.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Other races of Islamic religion are also categorized as Kaum Malays, such as Muslim Chinese, Muslim Indians, and Arabs.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

So Malay also means ethnoreligius which is a “community of Malaysian Muslims” that exists in the Islamic Kingdom, because if there is a concept of Sultan (umara) means also there is ummat that it protects.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

However, ethnic Malays in West Malaysia (Malaya) who are not tied to Malaysian institutions are generally divided into the three largest ethnic tribes, namely Malay Kelantan, Malay Johor and Malay Kedah.In East Malaysia there are also Malay communities, namely Sarawak Malays and Brunei Malays, has a different dialect from Malayan Peninsular Malay.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

The Malays of Sarawak are usually present in the State of Sarawak, as well as more related to the Pontianak Malay Tribe of West Kalimantan.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

While the Malays of Brunei usually settle in the northern part of Sarawak, the West Coast of Sabah, as well as Brunei Darussalam.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Thai Siamese Malays have the third largest number of Malays after Malaysia and Indonesia, with a population of over 3.3 million people (2010 estimate) [25] [26].


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Most of them are domiciled in the southern region of Thailand as well as around Bangkok (associated with the displacement of Malays from the south of Thailand and the north of the Malaya peninsula to Bangkok since the 13th century).


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

The presence of the Malay Tribes in the southern region of Thailand had existed prior to the displacement of the Thai Tribe to the Malayan Peninsula through the conquest of the Sukhothai Kingdom, which was followed by the Ayutthaya Kingdom, in the early 16th century.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

This can be seen in the names of the regions in the southern region of Thailand which are derived from Malay or other names in the Malay logat, for example “Phuket/ำเก” in Malay “Bush/بوكيت”, “Thalang” (“Talang/تلا”), “Trang” (“Terang/ترا”), Narathiwatนาร/านร) ิวา( “The Tower”), “Pattani/ปัตานตาน” (“Patani/تني”), “Krabi/กระบี” (“Gerabi”), “Songkla/สงวลาา” (“Singgora/سيورا”), “Surat Thani/สุรารานาน” (“Linga”), “Satun/สต้kim” (“Linga”) Setul/مقيم ستول”), “Ranong/ระนอง” (“Rundung/روندو”), “Nakhon Si Thammarat/นครวรีรรมรา” (“Ligor”), “Chaiya/ไชยา” (Light), “Phattalung/พัุง” (“Mardelung/ مردلو”), “Yala/ยะลาา” (“Jala/جال”), “Koh Phi-Phi/หม้่เกาะพีพีพ” (“Fire-Fire Island”), “Koh Samui/เกาะสมุมุย" (“Saboey Island”), “Su-ngai Kolok/สุองกางกางกางกาลง), and “Sai”), and “Sai”), and “Sai Buri/สายบุรริ” (“Seshielded Bayu/سليندوبايو”).


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

The southern region of Thailand has also seen the rise and fall of Malay kingdoms including Sri Dhamaraja State (100an—1500s), Langkasuka (200s—1400s), Pattani Sultanate [27] [28] (1516—1771), Reman Sultanate (1785—1909) [29] and Singgora Sultanate (1603—1689) [30] 31].


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Most Siamese Malays speak fluent Thai as well as the local Malay language only.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

For example, Malays in the southeastern coastal region of Thailand namely Pattani, Songkhla, and Hat Yai, are more likely to use Malay Pattani logat, while Malay tribes on the west coast such as Satun, Phuket, and Ranong, say the Malay Kedah logat.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

The Malays in Bangkok also have their own Bangkok Malay logat.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

At this time, there was an effort from the central government to dwarf Malay culture in Thailand, only by negating the use of Malay as a language of introduction in schools and replacing it with Thai.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

In addition, the activities of Siamese Malay tribes who are Muslim tend to be restricted, both socially, economically, and culturally.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Myanmar Malays Apart from Thailand, Myanmar also has a large Malay community in Indochina.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Many of the Malays are located in the southernmost part of the country, it is in the Tanintharyi Division of Myanmar Language:


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

As a result of looting, Myanmar Malay communities are also contained in Yangon, Mon Division, Thailand and Malaysia. [32]


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

The presence of Malay Tribes in southern Myanmar is estimated to be seawall 1865, if a group chaired by Nayuda Ahmed opens a placement in an area that today is recognized as Kawthaung.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Malay influence can be seen by the use of indigenous Malay names in the region, including Pulau Dua, Pulau Tongtong, Sungai Gelama, Ten Batu, Kepala Batu, Tanjung Storms, Pasir Panjang, Malay One, Teluk China, Teluk Besar, Mek Puteh, Sungai Balai, Pulau Balai, Pulau Cheque, Tanjung Bullet , Bada Island, Bullet Bay, Tanjung Gasi, Rattan Island Henang, Senangin Island and so on. [33]


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

This is different from the circumstances in Thailand, where the change of the original name of Bahasa Melayu to Bahasa Thai took effect.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

In Myanmar, the Malay community has a uniform culture and language with the Malays on the south east coast of Thailand in Phuket, Ranong, and the north of Malaya Peninsula such as in Kedah, Perlis and Pinang Island.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

It follows that the community was once under the influence of the Sultanate of Kedah. [34]


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

At this time, the Malay community in Myanmar is fluent in Myanmar, Bahasa Malay and Thai language, following their geographis in Spangadan.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

They also still maintain a thick Malay culture such as the use of Sarong Cloth and the use of Jawi writing.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

However, their numbers in Tanintharyi Division are increasingly reduced following merchandise in search of better socio-economic opportunities.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

The Singaporean Malays (Golongan Bumiputera) (Reference: Arumainathan 1973, Vol 1:254; Pang, 1984, Appendix m; Sunday Times, 28 June 1992) Indonesian Malays By race or group of nations, Malays in Indonesia are distinguished into two groups namely Deutero Malays and Proto Malays.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

The Deutero Malays are a family of Young Malays that came after the Proto Malays in the Metal Age around approximately 500 BC.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

The second wave included Malay, Aceh, Minangkabau, Manado, which resided on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Madura, and Sulawesi.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Malay Proto is a family of Old Malays that came first in approximately 1500 BC covering the Dayak, Toraja, Sasak, Nias, Batak, Kubu etc. who resided in the islands of Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nias, Lombok, and Sumatra.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Another group that does not belong to the Malay family but still belongs to the nation in Indonesia, namely the Melanesian family which resides in the eastern part of Indonesia.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Nonetheless, the term Malay used in Indonesia refers more to the meaning of the tribe of the nation more specifically so the existing Malays do not include the Javanese tribe which is the majority nation tribe.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

The following is the description of Malay tribes in the region of Indonesia: The Malays (Muslims) in Indonesia according to the census of 2000 consisted of: Tamiang Malays Palembang, in the 1930 census were not classed Malays.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Malays Bangka-Belitung, in the 1930 census were not classed as Malays. [35]


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Malay Deli Malay Asahan Malay Riau Malay Jambi Malay Bengkulu Malay Pontianak Malay Sambas Tribe cognate nation in Sumatra: Minangkabau Tribe (muslim) Lampung Tribe (muslim) Kerinci Tribe (muslim) Talang Mamak Tribe (non muslim) Tribe Sakai (non muslim) Orang Laut Tribe Rejang (Muslim) Serawai Tribe (muslim) Pasemah Tribe (muslim) Pensak Tribe in Marga Lake (Pedamaran), Beti, Meranjat (Muslim) Lubai Tribe (Muslim) Rambang Tribe (Muslim) Cognate tribe in Kalimantan (Clump Banjar) Saq Senganan (Dayak Iban convert to Islam) Kedayan Tribe (Muslim) and Malay Brunei (Muslim) Banjar Tribe (Muslim) and Bukit Tribe (non muslim) Kutai tribe (muslim) and Haloq (Dayak Tonyoy-Benuaq convert to Islam) Berau tribe (muslim) Cognate nation tribe on the island of Java: Betawi tribe (muslim) See also Malay Society in Malaysia Malay Kedah Malay Sri Lanka Malay Weapons Malay Tribe (Minang) Ketuanan Malay Reference Outer link (in Malay) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What are the ethnicities in the Bantu Tribe

Malay Tribes

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. (in English) (in English) (in Indonesian) * Malay Malay Malay


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Indonesia with a high population has attractive mobile telecommunications business prospects.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

The annual revenue of mobile operators in Indonesia is not less than Rp100 trillion.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia have adopted 4G LTE.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

The Early Development of mobile telecommunications in Indonesia began to be introduced in 1984 and this made Indonesia one of the first countries to adopt commercial version of mobile technology.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

The mobile technology used at the time was NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone) from Europe, overtaken by AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System), both with analog systems.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Cellular technologies that are still analogous systems are often referred to as first-generation cellular technology (1G).


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In 1995, the first generation CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) technology was launched called ETDMA (Extended Time Division Multiple Access) through Ratelindo operator which is only available in some areas of Jakarta, West Java, and Banten.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Meanwhile in the same decade, GSM (Global Global System for Mobile Communications) technology was introduced that brought mobile telecommunications technology in Indonesia to the second generation (2G) era.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

At this time, Short Message Service (English: short message service) became a phenomenon among mobile users thanks to its frugal and practical nature.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) technology has also begun to be introduced, with its ability to perform data packet transactions.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

This technology is often referred to as two-and-a-half generation (2.5G), then enhanced by EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution), commonly referred to as two-comma seven-five generation (2.75G).


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Telkomsel had tried to spearhead this service, but was less successful in attracting many customers [1].


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In 2001, actually in Indonesia has been known second generation CDMA technology (2G), but not in Jakarta, but in other regions, such as Bali and Surabaya [2].


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In 2004 began to appear the first 3G operator, PT Cyber Access Communication (CAC), which obtained its license in 2003.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Currently, the technology of mobile telecommunication services in Indonesia has reached the third-half generation (4G), characterized by the development of HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access) technology capable of enabling data transfer as fast as 10 Mbps.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

History 1984: Mobile technology introduced in Indonesia Mobile communication technology began to be used first in Indonesia.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

At that time, PT Telkom Indonesia together with PT Rajasa Hazanah Perkasa began to organize mobile communication services by carrying NMT -450 technology (which uses 450MHz frequency) through a profit-sharing pattern.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Telkom got 30% while Rajasa 70% 1985-1992: The use of analog-based cellular technology Generation 1 (1G) In 1985, AMPS technology (Advanced Mobile Phone System, using 800MHz frequency is the forerunner of CDMA today) with analog systems began to be introduced, in addition to NMT-470 technology, a modification of NMT-450 (running at a frequency of 470MHz, specifically for Indonesia) operated PT Rajasa Hazanah Perkasa.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

AMPS technology is handled by four operators: PT Elektrindo Nusantara, PT Centralindo Panca Sakti, and PT Telekomindo Prima Bakti, as well as PT Telkom Indonesia itself.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Regulations in force at that time required the organizers of basic telephone services to partner with PT Telkom Indonesia.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

At that time, mobile phones circulating in Indonesia still could not be put in pockets because of their large size and weight, averaging 430 grams or almost half a kilogram.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

The price is still expensive, about Rp10 millions.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In 1967, PT Indonesian Satellite Corporation Tbk (Indosat, now PT.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Indosat Tbk) was established as a Foreign Capital Company (PMA), and only started its business in 1969 in the field of interstate telecommunications services.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In 1980, Indosat officially became a State-Owned Enterprise. 1993: The beginning of GSM development In October 1993, PT Telkom Indonesia started its second generation technology development project (2G), GSM, in Indonesia.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Previously, Indonesia was faced with two options: continue the use of AMPS technology or switch to GSM using 900MHz frequency.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Finally, Minister of the time, BJ Habibie, decided to use GSM technology on Indonesian digital telecommunication system.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

At that time were built 3 base stations (Base Transceiver Station), namely one in Batam and two in Bintan.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Exactly on December 31, 1993, the projects were already on-air.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Batam was chosen as the location for several reasons: Batam is an area that many people are interested in, including Singaporeans.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

The close enough distance makes mobile signals from the country can be captured anyway in Batam.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

As a result, Singaporeans who are in Batam can communicate with cheap festive, cross-country but like using local phones.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

So these projects are also intended to shut down signals from Singapore while providing communication services to the people of Batam. 1994: The appearance of the first GSM operator PT Satellite Palapa Indonesia (Satelindo) emerged as the first GSM operator in Indonesia, through Ministerial Decree Tourism, Post, and Telecommunications No. PM108/2/MPPT-93, with initial shareowners are PT Telkom Indonesia, PT Indosat, and PT Bimagraha Telekomindo [3], with service coverage area covering Jakarta and surrounding areas.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In this period, NMT and AMPS technologies began to be abandoned, marked by a trend of soaring GSM subscribers in Indonesia.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Some of the factors causing the spike include, as GSM uses SIM Cards that allow customers to change handsets without changing numbers.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In addition, handset sizes have also been better, no longer as big as 'case beaters'. 1995: The advent of wireless landlines Use of GMH 2000/ETDMA technology introduced by Ratelindo.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

The services provided by Ratelindo are in the form of Fixed-Cellular Network Operator services, namely wireless landlines.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In the same year, the success of the projects in Batam and Bintan led the government to expand GSM service areas to other provinces in Sumatra.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

To facilitate that, on May 26, 1995, a telecommunications company called Telkomsel, as the second national GSM operator in Indonesia, with joint ownership of Satelindo. 1996: The beginning of the development of GSM services at the end of 1996, PT Excelcomindo Pratama (Excelcom, now GSM-based XL Axiata) emerged as the third national mobile operator.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Telkomsel which has previously successfully penetrated Medan, Surabaya, Bandung, and Denpasar with Halo Card products, began to expand to Jakarta.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

The government also began to support mobile business with the abolition of mobile phone import duties.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

As a result, mobile phone prices can be pressed up to IDR 1 million.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

On 29 December 1996, Maluku was listed as being the 27th province served by Telkomsel.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In the same year, Satelindo launched the Palapa C2 satellite, and went directly into operation in that year as well. 1997-1999: Mobile telecommunications during the time of the monetary crisis In 1997, the Government prepared to grant 10 regional licenses to 10 new operators based on GSM 1800 or PHS (Personal Handy-phone System.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Both are the same as regular GSM, but use a frequency of 1800MHz).


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

However, the 1998 monetary crisis rendered that plan void.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In the same year, Telkomsel introduced the first prepaid product named Simpati, as an alternative to the Halo Card.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Then Excelcom launched Pro-XL as an answer to challenges from its competitors, with its flagship roaming service in 1998.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In that year, Satelindo did not want to miss by launching the Mentari product, with the advantage of calculating the rate per second.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Although in the period 1997-1999 Indonesia was still experiencing severe shocks due to the economic crisis and monetary crisis, people's interest did not change to enjoy mobile services.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

The Mentari product launched Satelindo was able to quickly reach 10,000 customers.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In fact, the price of the inaugural card at that time included high, reached above Rp100 thousand and continued to rise in the following year.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Until the end of 1999, the number of mobile subscribers in Indonesia has reached 3.6 million subscribers, most of which are prepaid service subscribers. 2000-2002: Deregulation and emergence of CDMA operators Telkomsel and Indosat obtained licenses as national GSM 1800 operators according to the mandate of the Law- Telecommunication Act No. 36/1999.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

The SOE's second mobile service was planned to operate simultaneously on August 1, 2001.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In the same year, short messaging services (English: Short Message Service/SMS) began to be introduced, and instantly became the prime of mobile services at that time.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In 2001, Indosat established PT Indosat Multi Media Mobile (Indosat-M3), which later became the pioneer of GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) and MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) services in Indonesia.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

On 8 October 2002, Telkomsel became the second operator to present the service.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Still in 2001, the government issued a policy of deregulation in the telecommunications sector by opening up free market competition.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

PT Telkom Indonesia is no longer monopolizing telecommunications, marked by the release of Satelindo shares in Indosat.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In late 2002, the Indonesian Government also offloaded 41.94% of Indosat shares to Singapore Technologies Telemedia Pte Ltd (SingTel).


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

This policy caused controversy, which ultimately led the Government to continue to work on buyback/buyback action.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In December 2002, Flexi arrived as the first CDMA operator in Indonesia, under the supervision of PT Telkom Indonesia, using a frequency of 1.900MHz under FWA (Fixed Wireless Access) license.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

That is, the numbering system for each customer uses an area code according to their home city, as used by Telkom's fixed connection-based telephones. 2003-2004: The appearance of the first 3G operator Satelindo launched GPRS and MMS services in early 2003, and became the third Indonesian mobile operator to launch the service.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Through Director General Postel Decree No. 253/Dirjen/2003 dated October 8, 2003, the government finally granted a license to PT Cyber Access Communication (now PT Hutchison 3 Indonesia) as the first 3G mobile operator in Indonesia through a tender process [4], setting aside 11 other participants.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

CAC obtained a license on the UMTS network (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) or also referred to as W-CDMA (Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access) at a frequency of 1.900MHz of 15MHz.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In November 2003, Indosat acquired Satelindo, Indosat-M3, and Bimagraha Telekomindo.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In the end, the three were melted into PT Indosat Tbk.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

So since then, the three have only become subsidiaries of Indosat.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In the same month, PT Radio dan Telefon Indonesia (Ratelindo) changed its name to PT Bakrie Telecom and launched esia product as the second FWA-based CDMA operator, which was followed by the presence of Fren as a trademark of PT Mobile-8 Telecom in December 2003, but with a license CDMA is roaming nationwide, as are generally GSM-based mobile operators.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

PT Indosat Tbk followed later with StarOne in May 2004, also with a CDMA FWA license.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In February 2004, Telkomsel launched EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) service, making it the first EDGE operator in Indonesia.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

EDGE was able to transfer data at a rate of about 126 kbps (kilobits per second) and became the fastest data transmission technology operating in Indonesia at that time.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Even according to the GSM World Association, EDGE can break speeds of up to 473.8 kilobits/second.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Since April 2004, mobile operators in Indonesia finally agreed to serve MMS services between operators.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

By the end of 2004, the number of mobile subscribers had already broken through approximately 30 million.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

Seeing such rapid development, predicted in 2005 the number of mobile subscribers in Indonesia would reach 40 million.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

In May 2004, PT Mandara Cellular Indonesia launched its Neon mobile product in Lampung on 450MHz CDMA network.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

But Neon could not develop as a result of losing competition with other telecom operators, until it was eventually taken over by Sampoerna then changed its name to Sampoerna Telekomunikasi Indonesia in 2005, and became the forerunner of Ceria.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

On September 17, 2004, PT Natrindo Telefon Cellular (Lippo Telecom, now PT Axis Telekom Indonesia) obtained its second 3G service license in Indonesia.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

The company obtained a frequency allocation of 10MHz. 2005-2008: The era of Indonesian Pertelekomunikasian reform In May 2005, Telkomsel successfully conducted a 3G network trial in Jakarta using Motorola and Siemens technology, while CAC just conducted a 3G network trial on the following month.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

CAC conducts video Phone service tryouts, high speed Internet access, and watches MetroTV broadcasts via Sony Ericsson Z800i mobile phones.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

After going through the tender process, finally three mobile phone operators were determined as winners to obtain 3G service licenses, namely PT Telekomunikasi Cellular (Telkomsel), PT Excelcomindo Pratama (XL), and PT Indosat Tbk (Indosat) on February 8, 2006.


Question: Is Payphone still present in Indonesia?

Mobile telecommunications in Indonesia

And at the end of the same year, all three launched 3G services commercially.