Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth

Pearl Buck in China: Journey to the Good Earth.


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth

(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010.


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth


Question: Was the movie Perfume: The Story of a Murderer lifted from a novel?

The Good Earth

Cite uses deprecated parameter |subscription= (help) Outlinks — Asia for Educators (Columbia University) Category:United States Novels of 1931


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

Anime (Japanese:ア, [anime] (listen)) [lower-alpha 1] is an animation from Japan drawn by hand or using computer technology.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

The word anime stands for “animation” in English, which refers to any type of animation. [1]


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

Outside Japan, the term is used specifically to name any animation produced in Japan. [2] [3] However, it is not ruled out that anime can be produced outside Japan. [4] [5] [6] Some experts argue that anime is a new form of orientalism. [7]


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

The first anime to achieve wide popularity Astro Boy by Ozamu Tezuka in 1963.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

Now anime is very developed when compared to the anime of old times.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

With already developed graphics until a more interesting and exciting storyline.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

The Japanese public is very enthusiastic about watching anime and reading manga.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

From children to adults.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

They consider, the anime as part of their lives.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

This is what made some cable television famous for some of its cartoon films, such as Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon exporting its cartoons.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

Now anime is becoming a tempting business for everyone, and many people are also taking advantage of this for an act of evil.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

The anime makers themselves are called animators.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

The animators work in a media company to produce an anime.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

Within the company, there are several animators who work together to produce a quality anime.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

But it's a pity, the salaries of those animators are small in comparison with their hard work.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

This makes animators reluctant to work professionally.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

They felt it was not worth the effort they had put in.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

The animators themselves are often called “shadow artists”.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

Because they work like an artist seeking to put forward elements of the story and its intrinsic elements.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

Piracy also makes it difficult for the animators to fully benefit from the fruits of their hard work, although apparently there is also a “gossip” that says that there is also a party of the anime producers themselves who disseminate their work outside of official trade lines (possibly free or hijacked ) with the aim of further modeling their handiwork.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

Not a few people go to Japan to learn about anime making (and manga, of course) because they are interested after seeing various anime that have spread to various corners of the world on different continents.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

As for those who create similar works or may even imitate the characteristics of anime, such as Korea and some other Asian countries.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

CG (Computer Graphics) Technology, Computer Visual Technology, and so on have made it easier to create anime today, therefore some consider that the artistic quality is inferior compared to the anime of the past.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

It's just worth noting that the image quality is now more deliciously viewed and easier to understand because the picture is more proportional and the color is better, plus the presence of HD technology.


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

The definition and use of Anime is one of the art formats, but it is misinterpreted as a genre. [8]


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

In Japanese, the word anime refers to animation formats from around the world. [1] [9] While in English, anime (/ˈænəmeɪ/) means “Japanese-style animation” or “animation produced in Japan”. [2] [10] The word anime performs in the form of writing in three characters katakana a, ni, me (ア) ) which is an uptake language from English “Animation” and is pronounced as “Anime-shon”. [3]


Question: When was anime invented?

Anime

See also Anime and manga Glossary Manga iconography — Ways of depiction and emblems in manga List of anime Omake OVA Manga Cosplay Hentai Ecchi Otaku Dorama J-Music Tokusatsu Galge Cartoon Reference Notes Related Reading Referral Category:Animation Category:Japanese Culture


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Traditionally, there are two recognized species, the african elephant (Loxodonta africana) and the asian elephant (Elephas maximus), although some evidence suggests that the african bush elephant and the african forest elephant are distinct species (L.africana and L.cyclotis).


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephantidae is the only extant family of the order Proboscidea; other families that are now extinct include mamut and mastodon.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Male african elephants are the largest land animals with a height of up to 4 m and a mass that can also reach 7,000 kg.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants have special features, and the most striking is the proboscis or proboscis used for many things, especially for breathing, sucking water, and picking up objects.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Its serial teeth grow into fangs that can be used as weapons and tools for moving objects or digging.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Its large earlobes help regulate their body temperature.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

African elephants have larger ears and a sunken back, while the ears of asian elephants are smaller and their backs are convex.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants are herbivorous animals that can be encountered in various habitats, such as savannas, forests, deserts, and swamps.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

They tend to be near water.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants are considered a key species because of their impact on the environment.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Other animals tend to keep their distance from elephants, and predators such as lions, tigers. hyenas, and wild dogs usually only attack young elephants.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Female elephants tend to live in family groups, which consist of one female with her cubs or several related females along with their pups.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The group is led by an elephant individual called the matriarch, who is usually the oldest female.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants have a physi-fusion group structure, which is when family groups meet to socialize.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The male elephant leaves his family group when it has reached puberty, and will live alone or with other males.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Adult males typically interact with family groups when they are searching for a mate and enter a stage of increased testosterone and aggression called musth, which helps them achieve dominance and reproductive success.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephant cubs are the center of attention of family groups and depend on their brood for approximately three years.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants can live for 70 years in the outdoors.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

They communicate through touch, sight, smell, and sound; elephants also use infrasound and seismic communication for long distances.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephant intelligence has been compared to the intelligence of primates and cetacea.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

They seem to have self-awareness and show empathy to other elephants that are almost or already dead.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

African elephants are classed as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), while asian elephants are classified as a threatened species.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

One of the biggest threats to elephants is the ivory trade that fuels wild poaching.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Another threat is habitat destruction and conflict with the local population.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

On the other hand, elephants are used as working animals in Asia.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

They used to be used for war; now, elephants are often displayed in zoos and circuses.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants can be easily recognized and have been depicted in art, folklore, religion, literature, and popular culture.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Etymology In Indonesian, Javanese, Sundanese, Minangkabau, and Acehnese, this animal is called “elephant”.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

This word itself comes from Sanskrit, “gaja”, which is the base word of a masculine noun.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In the case of nominativus (as a stand-alone subject), the singular “gaja” is supposed to be declinated to “gajas”, but this word is then exposed to the sound law s at the end of the word and changes to h, thus becoming “elephant”. [1]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Meanwhile, elephants are known as “elephant” in English.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The word “elephant” comes from the Latin elephas (a form of genitivus elephantis), which is a Latinization of the word λέφας, elephas (genitivus form λέφαντος, elephantos) in Greek; [2] the word is likely derived from a non-Indo-European language, namely Phoenician. [3]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The words e-re-pa and e-re-pa-to were used in Greek Mikenai in the syllabic script Linear B. [4] [5] As in Greek Mikenai, Homeros used the word to refer to ivory, but after the time of Herodotos the term also referred to elephant animals. [2]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The predecessor of the word “elephant”, that is olyfaunt, appeared only in Middle English around 1300, and the word is borrowed from the Old French word, oliphant (12th century). [3]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Meanwhile, Loxodonta, which is the name of a genus of african elephant, is derived from the Greek meaning “oblique sided tooth”. [6]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Taxonomy The classification, species, and subspecies of Elephants are classified as being in the family Elephantidae, the only extant family within the order Proboscidea.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Closest extant relatives include sirenia (dugongs and sea oxen) and hyrax; they are in the same clad, namely the Paenungulata clad within the Afrotherian superorder. [7]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants and sirenia are also grouped in the Tethytheria clad. [8]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Traditionally, there are two recognized elephant species, namely the african elephant (Loxodonta africana) and the asian elephant (Elephas maximus).


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

African elephants have large ears, a sunken back, more furrowed skin, an oblique abdominal region, and two finger-like extensions at the tip of the proboscis.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The ears of the asian elephant are smaller, its back is convex, its skin is smoother, its abdominal region is horizontal and sometimes curved in the middle, and the tip of its proboscis has only one extension.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The bulge (ridge) in the molars of asian elephants is narrower when compared to the molars of african elephants which are shaped like diamonds.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The asian elephant also has lumps on the dorsal (upper) part of its head and signs of depigmentation on its skin. [9]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus first described the genus Elephas and an elephant from Sri Lanka under the binomial name Elephas maximus in 1758.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Later, in 1798, Georges Cuvier classified the indian elephant under the binomial name Elephas indicus.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck described the sumatran elephant in 1847 under the binomial name Elephas sumatranus, while English zoologist Frederick Nutter Chasen classified all three as subspecies of the asian elephant in 1940. [10]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The subspecies of asian elephants have differences in color and depigmentation levels.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Sri lankan elephants (Elephas maximus maximus) inhabit Sri Lanka, indian elephants (e.m.indicus) are native to mainland asia (in the Indian subcontinent and Indochina), and sumatran elephants (e.m.Sumatranus) can be encountered on the island of Sumatra. [9]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

One contentious subspecies, namely the bornean elephant, lives in northern Borneo and is smaller than the other subspecies.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

These elephants also have larger ears, longer tails, and straighter fangs than regular elephants.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Sri Lankan zoologist Paules Edward Pieris Deraniyagala in 1950 described it under the trinomial name Elephas maximus borneensis, making an illustration in National Geographic as his type specimen. [11]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

These elephants were later classed as E.M.Indicus or E.M.Sumatranus.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Genetic analysis in 2003 showed that the ancestors of bornean elephants separated from populations in mainland Asia about 300,000years ago. [12]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

However, research in 2008 indicated that bornean elephants did not originate from the island, but were brought by the Sultan of Sulu from Java before 1521. [11]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The african elephant was first named by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach in 1797 under the binomial name Elephas africana. [13]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The genus Loxodonta was named by Georges Cuvier in 1825.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Cuvier spelled it Loxodonte and an anonymous author romanized the spelling to Loxodonta; the International Regulations for Zoological Names have recognized this change. [14]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

By 1942, 18 subspecies of the african elephant had been recognized by Henry Fairfield Osborn, but morphological data had reduced the number of classified subspecies, [15] and in the 1990s there were only two recognized subspecies, namely the african bush elephant (L.A.africana) and the african forest elephant ( L.A.cyclotis); [16] African forest elephants have smaller, rounded ears, while their fangs are straighter and thinner, and their habitat is limited to forested areas in West and Central Africa. [17]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The journal published in 2000 argued for the two subspecies to be elevated to species L.africana and L.cyclotis based on skull morphology. [18]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

DNA studies published in 2001 and 2007 also showed that they were different species, [19] [20] while studies in 2002 and 2005 concluded that the two were the same species. [21] [22] However, the results of a study published in 2010 supports changing status to species. [23]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Until 2011, the naming of african elephants in taxonomy was still debated. [24]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The third edition of the Mammal Species of the World classed the African bush elephant and the African forest elephant as separate species, [14] and did not include any subspecies into the species Loxodonta africana. [14]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

This approach is not followed by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre or the IUCN, which considers L.cyclotis to be a synonym of L.africana. [25] [26] Some evidence suggests that elephants in West Africa are a separate species, [27] but this is still debated. [22] [24] Meanwhile, Dwarf elephants in the Congo Basin that are thought to be a separate species (Loxodonta pumilio) are likely forest elephants of small size and/or early maturity due to environmental circumstances around. [28]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Evolution and extinct relatives It is estimated that there are more than 161 members of the order Proboscidea and three evolutionary radiation events.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The appearance of the first Proboscidea animals, namely Eritherium and Phosphatherium from Africa during the late Paleocene, became a sign of the first radiation event. [29]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In the Eocene, there were Anthracobunidae from the Indian subcontinent and Numidotherium, Moeritherium, and Barytherium from Africa.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

These animals are relatively small and aquatic in nature.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Later, genera such as Phiomia and Palaeomastodon emerged; Palaeomastodon's habitat was likely in woodland or open wooded areas.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The diversity of Proboscidea began to diminish during the Oligocene. [30]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

One important species of this time is Erythreum melakeghebrekristosi from the Horn of Africa, which may have been the ancestor of elephants. [31]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

At the beginning of the Miocene period there was a second diversification with the emergence of the Deinotheriidae and Mammutidae.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The Deinotheriidae have kinship with Barytherium and live in Africa and Eurasia, [32] while the Mammutidae may have been descendants of Erythreum [31] and spread to North America. [32]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The second evolutionary radiation event took place with the appearance of gomphothere in the Miocene period, [32] which likely evolved from Erythreum; [31] this family originated in Africa and spread to all continents except Australia and Antarctica.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Members of this group include Gomphotherium and Platybelodon. [32]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The third evolutionary radiation occurred at the end of the Miocene and resulted in the emergence of the family Elephantidae, which originated in the gomphothere and slowly replaced them. [33]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Primelephas gomphotheroides from Africa produce Loxodonta, Mammuthus, and Elephas.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Loxodonta represents the first branching, which took place between the Miocene and Pliocene times, while Mammuthus and Elephas split at the beginning of the Pliocene.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Loxodonta remained inhabiting Africa, while Mammuthus and Elephas spread into Eurasia, and Mammuthus reached North America.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

At the same time, Stegodontidae (another family of Proboscidea who are descendants of the gomphothere) spread in Asia, including in the Indian subcontinent, China, Southeast Asia, and Japan.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Mammutidae continue to evolve into new species, such as the american mastodon. [34]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

At the beginning of the Pleistocene, the level of speciation of the Elephantidae rose.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Loxodonta atlantica became the most common species in northern and southern Africa, but was replaced by Elephas iolensis at the end of the Pleistocene period.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The modern Loxodonta species only became dominant after Elephas iolensis went into extinction.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephas diversified into new species in Asia, such as E.hysudricus and E.platycephus; [35] e.Platycephus is likely the ancestor of modern asian elephants. [36]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Mammuthus evolved into several species, including the famous species Mammuthus primigenius. [35]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In the Late Pleistocene, as a result of quaternary glaciation, most species of Proboscidea went into extinction, and approximately 50% of genera with a mass of more than 5 kg were wiped out. [37]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Proboscidea underwent several evolutionary trends, such as size enlargement, which made many species have a height up to 4 m. [38]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Like other megaherbivores, including extinct Sauropods, elephants' size probably evolved to allow them to survive by eating low-nutrition plants. [39]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Their limbs grow to be longer and their legs become shorter and broader.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Early proboscidea had longer jawbones and smaller craniums (head shells), while later Proboscidea had shorter jawbones, which shifted the center of gravity of the head.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The skull becomes larger, especially its cranium, while the neck shortens to better support the skull.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Size enlargement results in the appearance of a proboscis that helps reach something.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The number of small molars, incisors, and canines is reduced.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Small molars and molars become larger and specialized.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The upper second incisor turns into fangs, which may be straight, curved (upward or downward), or rotating (depending on species).


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In some species of Proboscidea, the fangs are derived from their lower incisors. [38]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants still exhibit some characteristics that are derivative of their aquatic ancestors, such as the anatomy of the middle ear and internal testes in males. [40]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

There is debate over the kinship between Mammuthus and Loxodonta or Elephas.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Some DNA studies suggest that Mammuthus is more closely related to Loxodonta, [41] [42] while other studies believe Mammuthus's proximity to Elephas. [8]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

However, analysis of the mitochondrial genome of Mammuthus primigenius (sequenced in 2005) proved that Mammuthus is closer to Elephas. [19] [23] [43] Morphological evidence suggests that Mammuthus and Elephas constitute a sibling taxon, while comparative results of albumin and collagen proteins indicates that the kinship between the three is approximately equal. [44]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Some scientists believe that cloned mammary embryos can someday be inserted into the womb of an asian elephant [45] Dwarf species Some species of Proboscidea live on islands and experience dwarfism.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

This took place during the Pleistocene, when some elephant populations were isolated due to rising sea levels, although pygmy elephants were already present during the early Pliocene times.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Those elephants are likely shrinking due to the absence of large predatory populations and limited resources.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In contrast, mammals such as rodents experience gigantism under these circumstances.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Dwarf proboscidea once lived in Indonesia, the California Channel Islands, and several islands in the Middle Sea. [46]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephas celebensis in Sulawesi is believed to be the result of dwarfism from Elephas planifrons.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephas falconeri in Malta and Sicily (whose height reaches only 1 m) likely evolved from Palaeoloxodon antiquus.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Another descendant of Palaeoloxodon antiquus once existed in Cyprus.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Dwarf elephants unknown to their ancestors also once lived in Crete, Kyklades, and Dodecanese, while pygmy mamut once existed in Sardinia. [46]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Meanwhile, the columbian mammoth entered the Channel Islands of California and evolved into the pigmy mammoth (Mammuthus exilis).


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The height of this species reaches 1.2 to 1.8 m and its mass is approximately 200 to 2,000 kg.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

A population of small hairy mamut once survived on Wrangel Island, now 140 km north of the Siberian coast, until 4,000 years ago. [46]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

After being discovered in 1993, they were thought to be pygmy mammotes. [47]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

This classification has been reviewed and since the Second International Mammoth Conference in 1999, the animals have ceased to be considered the real “pygmy mammoth”. [48]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The anatomy and morphology of Elephants is the largest land animal in the world.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The height of the African elephant is approximately 3 to 4 m and its mass varies from 4,000 to 7,000 kg, while the height of the asian elephant is 2 to 3.5 m and the mass is 3,000 to 5,000 kg. [9]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Male elephants are larger than female elephants, both in asian and african elephants. [10] [13] Among african elephants, elephants in the forest are smaller than elephants in the savanna. [17]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The elephant skeleton consists of 326—351 bones. [49]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The spine is connected with the joints tightly, thus limiting the flexibility of those bones.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

African elephants have 21 pairs of ribs, while asian elephants have 19 or 20 pairs. [50]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephant skulls can withstand the force produced by the lepping of the fangs and head-to-head crashes.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The back of the skull is evenly distributed and has arches that protect the brain in all directions. [51]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In the skull there are air cavities that reduce the load on the skull and at the same time also retain the strength of the skull as a whole.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

These cavities make the inside of the skull appear like honeycombs.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The cranium (head shell) of the elephant itself is large and has room for muscles that support the entire head.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The lower jaw is solid and heavy. [49]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Due to the large size of its head, the elephant's neck is relatively short in order to better support the head. [38]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephant eyes rely on harderian glands to maintain their moisture because elephants do not have a lacrimal apparatus.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The ellippering membrane protects the eyeball.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The elephant's own viewing space is narrowed by the location and limitation of eye movement. [52]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants are dichromate animals [53] and can see well in low light, but not in bright light. [54]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The average body temperature of an elephant is 35.9°C (97°F), which is similar to that of humans.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Like camels, elephants can increase or reduce their temperature to adjust to environmental circumstances. [55]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Ears Elephant ears have a thick anvil and a thin tip.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The elephant earlobe, or pina, has a number of blood vessels called capillary veins.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Warm blood flows into the capillary veins, thereby helping to remove excess body heat.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

This takes place when the pina is at a still position, and the elephant can give off more heat by flapping its earlobes.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The more area of the ear surface, the more the number of capillary blood vessels, so more heat can be expelled.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Among all elephants, the african bush elephant lives in the hottest climates, so it has the largest earlobes. [56]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephant ears are also capable of listening to low frequencies and are most sensitive at a frequency of 1 kHz. [57]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The proboscis or proboscis is the merger of the nose with the upper lip, although in the fetal stage the upper lip and proboscis are still separated. [38]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephant proboscis is long and specialized in order to be easily moved.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The proboscis has approximately 150,000 muscular facicules, boneless and little fat.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

There are two types of muscles: superficial (on the surface) and internal.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Superficial muscles divide into dorsal, ventral, and lateral muscles, while internal muscles divide into transverse and diffuse muscles.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The muscles of the proboscis are connected with the bony openings in the skull.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The nasal septum consists of small muscular units extending horizontally between the nostrils.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Cartilage separates the nostril at its base. [58]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

As a form of muscle hydrostat, the proboscis is actuated by precisely coordinating muscle contractions.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The muscles work together and opposite each other.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The unique proboscis nerve — formed from the maxillary and facial nerves — radiates on both sides of the proboscis. [59]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephant proboscis has several functions, such as breathing, smelling, touching, reaching, and producing sound. [38]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

An elephant's sense of smell may be four times more sensitive than that of a bloodhound. [60]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The ability of the proboscis to be twisted and circular allows taking food, bobbing with its neighbor, [61] and lifting weights with a mass of up to 350 kg. [38]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephant proboscis can also be used to wipe the eyes and check holes in the body, [61] and to open the peanut shell without breaking the contents. [38]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

With its proboscis, elephants can reach up to 7 m in height and dig in search of water under mud or sand. [61]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Individual elephants can have a certain tendency to move their proboscis while trying to reach something using the proboscis: some tend to cross their proboscis towards the left, while others towards the right. [59]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants can suck water to drink or water on their bodies. [38]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

An adult asian elephant can hold 8.5 liters of water in its proboscis. [58]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

They also spray dust or grass on themselves. [38]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In addition, while underwater, the elephant uses its proboscis as a snorkel to breathe. [40]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The african elephant has two elongations shaped like fingers at the tip of the proboscis, allowing it to reach out and transport food to its mouth.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The asian elephant has only one extension, and usually twists food with its proboscis and then puts it in its mouth. [9]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Asian elephants are more able to perform muscle coordination and are able to perform more complicated tasks. [58]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Without a proboscis, elephants are difficult to survive, [38] although there are some examples of elephants with short proboscis that managed to survive.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

An elephant was once seen eating grass by kneeling on the front limbs, raising its hind limbs, and picking up grass using the lips. [58]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

African bush elephants can experience “drooping proboscis syndrome” (floppy trunk syndrome), that is, proboscis paralysis caused by the degradation of the peripheral nervous system and muscles. [62]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Teeth In general elephants have 26 teeth: incisors, called fangs, 12 milky small molars, and 12 molars.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Unlike most mammals that initially have milk teeth that are later replaced by permanent adult teeth, elephants are polyphiodone animals, or in other words have cycles of tooth rotation throughout their life.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Teeth for chewing are replaced six times during the elephant's lifetime.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Old teeth are not replaced by new teeth that grow in the jaw (as in most mammals), but new teeth grow at the back of the mouth and advance forward and push out the old teeth.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The first chewing teeth on either side of the jaw will date after the elephant is two or three years old.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The second set of chewing teeth dates to when the elephant was six years old, and then the third is dated at 9—15 years old.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The fourth set of chewing teeth will remain viable until 18—28 years of age.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The fifth set will date in the early 40s, and the sixth (usually the last gear) will remain until the end of life.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephant teeth have a protrusion (ridge), and these protrusions are thicker and shaped like diamonds in African elephants. [63]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephant fangs are a modification of the second incisor in the upper jaw.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The fangs replace the milk teeth when the elephants are 6—12 months old and grow about 17 cm per year.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Freshly grown fangs have a layer of enamel that will later wear off.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Dentin on the fangs is called tusks and in cross-section there is a pattern of criss-crossing lines, which results in a diamond-shaped area.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

As living tissue, the fangs themselves are relatively crushed; elephant fangs are more or less as hard as the mineral calcite.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Most of the fangs can be seen from the outside, while the rest are attached to joints in the skull.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

At least one third of the fangs are pulp and some fangs have nerves extending to the tip.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Then it is difficult to take an elephant's fangs without injuring its animal.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

If taken, the tusks begin to dry out and will break when not stored in a cool, damp place.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Fangs have several functions.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Fangs can be used to dig to find water, salt, and roots; skin or mark trees; and remove trees and branches that block roads.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

When fighting, the fangs are used to attack and defend, as well as to protect the proboscis. [64]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Like humans who have a preference for using the right or left hand, elephants also have a preference in using their left or right fangs.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The dominant fangs usually appear to have been used frequently because they are usually shorter and have more blunt ends.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In african elephants, both males and females both have fangs, and approximately the same length (i.e. reach 3 m), [64] but male fangs tend to be thicker. [65]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Meanwhile, in asian elephants, only males have large fangs.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Female asian elephants have very small fangs, or even none at all. [64]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

There are also male elephants that are not toothless and can usually be found in Sri Lanka. [66]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The length of the fangs of male asian elephants may equal the fangs of african elephants, but the fangs of asian elephants are usually thinner and lighter; the largest asian elephant canine ever known is 3.02 m long and a mass of 39 kg.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

However, due to ivory poaching in Africa, [67] and Asia [68] there was a process of natural selection that resulted in shorter fangs. [69]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The skin of an elephant's skin is generally very hard, with a thickness of 2.5 cm on its back and part of its head.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The skin around the mouth, anus, and inside the ears is much thinner.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephant skin color is generally grey, but african elephants appear brownish or reddish after wallowing in coloured mud.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Asian elephants may show signs of depigmentation, especially in the forehead, ears, and surrounding skin.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The elephant cub has hair that is brownish or reddish, especially on its head and back.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Once elephants become adults, their hair becomes darker and sparser, but dense concentrations of hair and buckwheat (bristle) hairs can still be encountered at the end of the tail, chin, genitals, and around the eyes and eye openings.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Asian elephants generally have more hair than african elephants. [70]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants use mud to protect their skin from ultraviolet light, although elephant skin is actually very sensitive.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

When an elephant does not routinely wallow in mud, its skin will suffer sun damage, insect bites, and loss of moisture.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

After wallowing, the elephant usually uses its proboscis to spout dust onto its body, and this dust will dry into a protective crust.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants have difficulty in removing heat from their skin due to their much lower ratio of surface area to volume than humans.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Some elephants were even found to be raising their limbs, likely to expose their footprint into the air. [70]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Limbs, movement, and posture The position of elephant limbs is more vertical than other mammals to support the elephant's load.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The long bones in their limbs have spongious bones in place of the medullary cavity, thereby strengthening the bones and at the same time still allowing hemopoesis. [71]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Both the front and rear limbs can support the elephant's load, although 60% of the load is supported by the front limbs. [72]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Since the bones of the limbs are in the lower part of the body, elephants can stay silent for a long time without needing to spend a lot of energy.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The elephant cannot rotate its front limbs because its cubit and feeder bones are in a fixed position of pronation; its sweet “palm” is always facing backwards. [71]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The quadratus pronator muscles and pronator teres are usually reduced or absent altogether. [73]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Round elephantiasis has soft tissue under the manus or pes, which distributes the elephant's load. [72]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

They appear to have a sesamoid bone, which is an additional “toe” similar to the additional “thumb” in giant pandas, which helps distribute the load. [74]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

There are at least five toes on the front and back legs. [9]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants can move forward or back, but cannot gallop, jump, or gouge.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

They have only two gaits on land, namely regular walking and fast walking. [71]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

When walking, the limbs move like a pendulum, with hips and shoulders that rise and fall while the feet are on the ground.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In the absence of an “air phase”, a rapid gait does not meet the criteria of “running”, although elephants use their limbs like other runner animals. [75]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

When it is moving fast, the front limbs of the elephant appear to “run”, while its hind limbs appear to “walk”; the rate of a fast-moving elephant itself can reach 18 km/h. [76]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

To move at this kind of speed, most other four-legged animals must be prying.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The spring-like kinetics is the difference between the movement of elephants and other animals. [77]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

During movement, cushion pads (special structures on elephantiasis that help support the load) contract and reduce the pain and sound produced by the movement of very heavy animals. [72]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants are also reliable swimmers.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

They can swim for six hours without touching their bottom, and can swim for 48 km at a speed of 2.1 km/h. [78]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Internal and sexual organs The brain mass of elephants ranges from 4.5 to 5.5 kg, while human brain mass is approximately only 1.6 kg.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Even so, based on the ratio of brain mass to body mass, elephant brains are actually smaller.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

At birth, the brain mass of an elephant has reached 30— 40% of the mass of the adult brain.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The cerebrum and cerebellum are well formed, while the temporal lobes of elephants are very large to appear bulging. [55]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants have pockets in their throats that can be used to store water. [38]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Meanwhile, the mass of the elephant heart is approximately 12 to 21 kg.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The elephant heart has a double-ended apex, which is an unusual characteristic in mammals. [55]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

When standing, the elephant's heart beats 30 times per minute.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Unlike other animals, the speed of an elephant's heart rate increases by 8 to 10 beats per minute when it is lying down. [79]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The elephant diaphragm is attached to the lungs, and breathing depends more on the diaphragm than the expansion of the ribs. [55]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants do not have pleural cavities, but have connective tissue that helps the elephant deal with pressure differences when its body is underwater and when its proboscis comes out of the surface of the water to suck air, [40] although the veracity of this explanation has been questioned. [80]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

According to another explanation, this adaptation exists because it helps elephants suck water through the proboscis. [40]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants suck air using their proboscis, although some of the air also enters through the mouth.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants also have a back intestinal fermentation system, and the length of its intestines can reach 35 m.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Most of the elephant's food intake is not digested even though the process lasts up to a day. [55]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The testicles of male elephants are located near the kidneys.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The length of the elephant penis can reach 100 cm and its diameter is approximately 16 cm. The elephant penis is S-shaped when it is erected and has a Y-shaped urinary hole. Its vulva is located between the hind limbs, while in most mammals the vulva is located near the tail.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Determination of the elephant's own gestation status is quite difficult due to the elephant's large abdominal cavity.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Meanwhile, the female elephant's mammary glands occupy the space between the front limbs, so that the baby elephant who is nursing can be reached by the mother's proboscis. [55]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants also have a unique organ, namely the temporal gland, which is located on both sides of the head.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

This organ is associated with sexual behavior, and the male elephant secretes fluid from the gland in a state of musth. [81]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Female elephants are also found to secrete fluid from the temporal glands. [60]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Behavior and life history Ecology and activity of JMPL|sri lankan elephants feed on grasses in Yala National Park.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

African bush elephants can be encountered in many types of habitat, such as in savannas, deserts, marshes, and lake coasts, at altitudes varying between sea level to mountainous regions above the snow line.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

African forest elephants live in equatorial forests, but will also enter gallery forests and ecotones among forests and savannas. [17]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Asian elephants prefer areas that are a mix of grasses, low-lying woody plants, and trees, with prime habitats in the dry thorny undergrowth forests of southern India and Sri Lanka and perennial evergreen forests in Malaya. [10]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants are herbivorous animals and will eat leaves, twigs, fruit, tree bark, and roots. [17]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

They are born with sterile intestines, and require bacteria that can be obtained from their mother's feces to digest herbs. [82]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

African elephants are generally leaf-eaters, while asian elephants are grazing animals.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

They can consume 150 kg of food and 40 liters of water in one day.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants tend to live near water sources. [17]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The feeding period usually lasts in the morning, noon, and evening.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

At mid-day, the elephant rests under a tree and may fall asleep while standing.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

New elephants lay asleep at night. [71] [83] The average elephant sleep time is 3—4 hours per day. [84]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Both males and family groups generally walk 10 to 20 km in one day, but some elephants have covered distances of 90 to 180 km in Etosha National Park, Namibia. [85]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants make seasonal migrations in search of food, water, and mates.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In Chobe National Park, Botswana, herds of elephants ventured 325 km to visit the river after local water sources dried up. [86]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Because it has a large body size, elephants have a great impact on the environment and are considered a key species.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The frequent behavior of elephants subverting trees and shrubs can turn savannas into grassland; as they dig in search of water during the dry season, they find water sources that can also be used by other animals.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

They can zoom in on the water source when they are bathing.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

On Mount Elgon, elephants dig caves that can be used by ungulata, hyrax, bats, birds and insects. [87]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants also play an important role in spreading seeds; african forest elephants can swallow and remove seeds without impacting anything (or instead exerting a positive influence) on the germination process.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Seeds are usually propagated in large quantities over long distances. [88]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In Asian forests, large seeds need to be transported and spread by large herbivores such as elephants and rhinos.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

These ecological niches cannot be filled by the next largest herbivore, the tapirs. [89]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Most of the food consumed by elephants is not digested, so their feces can become food for other animals, such as dung beetles and monkeys. [87]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants also adversely affect ecosystems.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In Murchison Falls National Park in Uganda, excessively large numbers of elephants threaten several small bird species that depend on wooded areas.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Their weight may result in soil compaction, so rainwater will experience runoff that can lead to erosion. [83]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In general elephants coexist with other herbivores, which will usually stay away.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Occasionally there is an aggressive interaction between elephants and rhinos.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In Aberdare National Park, Kenya, a rhino attacked an elephant pup, and as a result the rhino was killed by another elephant. [83]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In the Hluhluwe—Umfolozi Hurry Reserve, South Africa, newly introduced young orphan elephants became aggressive and killed about 36 rhinos in the 1990s; the aggressiveness ended after older male elephants were introduced. [90]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The large body size of adult elephants makes them virtually unassailable by predators.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephant cubs may be hunted by lions, shacks, and wild dogs in Africa, [13] or tigers in Asia. [10]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The lions in Savuti, Botswana, have adapted to hunt elephants in the dry season, and one herd of 30 lions is known to have once killed elephants between four and eleven years old. [91]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

When compared to other herbivores, elephants tend to be infected by many parasites, especially nematodes.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

This results from a lack of pressure from predators that should be able to kill many individuals infected by many parasites. [92]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Social organization The social life of male and female elephants is very different.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The female elephant spends her life in matrilineal family groups.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Some groups consist of more than ten members (including three maternal and child pairs) led by a matriarch who is usually the oldest female. [93]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The matriarch leads the group until she dies [13] or if she no longer has enough energy to perform her duties; [94] according to research at the zoo, when the matriarch dies, the content of corticosterone (stress hormone) of feces increases sharply in living elephants. [95]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

When her assignment ends, the matriarch's eldest daughter will take her place, even if the matriarch's sister is still alive. [13]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Older matriarchs tend to be more effective decision-makers. [96]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The social life of the female elephant is not only limited to a small unit of the family.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In Amboseli National Park, Kenya, female elephants also interact with other families, clans, and subpopulations.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Family groups can get along and make bonds with other groups, thus forming bonding groups.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The bonding group usually consists of two family groups.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In the dry season, elephant families might come together and form clans.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The groups within these clans did not have strong ties, but they retained their dry season territories from other clans.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

There are usually nine groups within one clan.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The elephant population in Amboseli is also divided into “central” and “edge” subpopulations. [93]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Some elephant populations in India and Sri Lanka also have similar social organizations.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In the region there seems to be a cohesive family unit and a looser association.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

They have a “care unit” and a “child management unit”.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In southern India, elephant populations consist of family groups, bond groups, and possibly clans.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Family groups tend to be small and consist of one or two adult females and their cubs.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Groups that have more than two adult females are called “combined groups”.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephant populations in Malaya even have smaller family units, and usually do not have social organization higher level than family or bonding groups.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Meanwhile, groups of african forest elephants generally consist of one adult female with one to three pups.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The group appears to interact with other groups, especially on open ground. [93]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The lives of male elephants themselves are very different.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Towards adulthood, the male elephant will spend more time outside his group and associate with males from outside or even other groups.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In Amboseli, male elephants aged 14—15 spend 80% of their time outside his family group.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The adult female elephant in the group begins to become aggressive towards the male, which will prompt her to leave the group permanently.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

After the male leaves the group, they will live alone or with another male.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Male elephants in dense forests usually live alone.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Male asian elephants are generally aloof, but sometimes form groups of two or more individuals, with the largest being able to reach seven members.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Meanwhile, male african bush elephants form groups whose number of members exceeds 10 individuals, and the largest can reach 144 members. [97]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

There is a hierarchy among the males, both in the aloof and in the group.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Dominance depends on age, body size, and sexual condition. [97]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Older males appear able to control the aggressiveness of males more easily and prevent them from forming “gangs”. [98]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Male and female elephants gather to reproduce.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Male elephants seem to be related to family groups when there is a female elephant undergoing an estrus cycle. [97]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Musth Sexual behavior Adult male elephants undergo a phase of increasing testosterone called musth.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In elephant populations in southern India, male elephants first enter the musth period at the age of 15 years, but are not very intense until their age exceeds 25.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In Amboseli, male elephants under the age of 24 do not experience musth, while half of those aged 25—35 and all elephants over 35 experience it.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Young male elephants seem to enter the musth period in the dry season (January—May), while older male elephants experience it in the rainy season (June—December).


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The main feature of an elephant undergoing musth is the discharge from the temporal glands on its face.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The male can remove small water with the penis still inside his foreskin, so urine will spray onto his hind limbs.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Some behaviors attributed to musth are walking with a raised and swinging head, scrawling the ground with fangs, making rowdy noises, and unfurling one ear alone at a time.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Musth can last between a day to four months. [99]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Male elephants will become very aggressive during musth.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Among male elephants who are not currently experiencing musth, large body is a factor that determines the occurrence of agonistic encounters.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

When there is a fight between individuals from two groups, male elephants who are experiencing musth usually win, even if the elephant that is not experiencing musth is larger.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Male elephants may stop showing signs of musth when they encounter elephants that are experiencing musth of higher rank.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants that are undergoing musth of the same rank tend to avoid each other.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In agonistic encounters, elephants subjected to musth usually threaten, chase, and conduct light fights using fangs.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

However, serious fights are rare. [99]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephant mating is a polygynous animal, [100] and copulation is most common at the height of the rainy season. [101]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Female elephants undergoing the estrus cycle secrete pheromones in urine and other vaginal secretions to demonstrate their readiness in mating.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The elephant will follow the potential mate and assess its state by performing a flehmen response, which is when the male collects a chemical sample using his proboscis and brings it to the vomeronasal organ. [102]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The female elephant's oestrus cycle lasts for 14—16 weeks with a follicular phase for 4—6 weeks and a luteal phase for 8—10 weeks.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In the follicular phase, elephants experience twice elevated levels of luteinizing hormone, while most mammals experience only once.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The first increase (or anovulatory) can signal to the male elephant that the female is undergoing an estrus cycle by changing the smell, but new ovulation occurs in the second increase (or ovulatory). [103]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Fertility rates in female elephants begin to decrease at the age of 45—50. [94]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Male elephants have a behavior called “mate guarding”, which is when they follow females who are undergoing an estrus cycle and guard them from other males.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

This is usually done by males who are undergoing musth, and females actively strive to be guarded by them, especially older ones. [104]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

So older males tend to be more reproductively successful. [97]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Musth seems to be used by female elephants to know the state of the male, since weak or injured male elephants do not have normal musth. [105]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

For young females, getting close to older males seems intimidating, so the relatives are nearby to provide support and rectify. [106]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

During copulation, the male elephant puts his proboscis on the female's back. [107]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The elephant penis is very nimble and can move freely. [108]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Before copulating, the elephant's penis curves forwards and upwards.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Copulation lasts for about 45 seconds without hip movement or pause of ejaculation. [109]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Homosexual behavior is widely encountered in both male and female elephants; even according to estimates, 45% of sexual encounters in asian elephants in captivity are same-sex encounters. [110]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Homosexual behavior in elephants includes feuding as in heterosexual interactions. [110]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Male elephants often form “herds” consisting of an older individual and one or sometimes two younger males, and sexual behavior is an important element in the social dynamics of the herd. [110]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Unlike fast-paced heterosexual relationships, relationships between males can last for years. [110]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

As in heterosexual encounters, the male demonstrates his desire to copulate by placing his proboscis on another male's back. [110]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Meanwhile, same-sex behavior in female elephants has been documented in captivity when they handjob each other using their proboscis. [110]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Births and elephant cubs Gestation in elephants usually lasts for two years, with inter-birth timescales between four to five years.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Births usually take place in the rainy season. [111]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The height of a newborn elephant is 85 cm, while its mass is approximately 120 kg. [106]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Generally, in one pregnancy only one elephant cub is born, but sometimes twins are born. [112]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The elephant's relatively long gestation is seconded by five corpus luteum (while in most mammals there is only one) and gives more time for the fetus to grow, especially its brain and proboscis. [112]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Therefore, newborn elephants are precocial and can stand, walk, and follow their mother and family. [113]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Newborn elephant cubs are usually the center of attention of group members.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Adult elephants and most other young elephants will gather near the newborn elephant, then touch and caress it using the proboscis.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In the first days, the mother does not allow other members of the group to approach her child.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Alloparenting — which is when an elephant cub is taken care of by another elephant — occurs in some groups.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Allomother is usually two to twelve years old. [106]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

When the predator approaches, the whole family group gathers together and keeps the elephant cub in the middle. [114]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In the first days, the newborn elephantiasis is still unsteady and needs to be helped by its mother.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Newborn elephants rely on touch, smell, and hearing, as their eyesight is still poor.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Control over the proboscis is still weak, so the proboscis moves back and forth and the elephant cub can be tripped by it


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In the second week, the elephant cub can walk more strapping and the control over the proboscis is stronger.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

After passing his first month, the elephant cub can pick up, hold, and place objects in his mouth, but has not been able to suck water through his trunk and must drink directly from his mouth.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephant cubs are also still dependent on their brood and remain nearby. [113]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In the first three months, the elephant's nutrient intake comes only from the mother's milk water.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

After that, the elephant starts looking for herbs and can use its proboscis to collect water.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

At the same time, the coordination of the lips and legs improves.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants still suckle up to six months old, and after that they become more independent.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

At nine months old, the coordination of the mouth, proboscis, and feet is perfect.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

After a year, the ability of elephants to take care of, drink and eat on their own is fully developed.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The child still needs nutrition and protection from his mother for at least one subsequent year.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Breastfeeding usually lasts for 2—4 minutes per hour for elephant cubs younger than a year, and elephants still breastfeed until they reach three years of age or older.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Breastfeeding after two years of age plays a role in maintaining growth rate, body state, and reproductive ability. [113]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

There is a difference between male and female elephant cubs; females run or chase each other, while males play with fighting.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Female elephants reach sexual maturity at nine years old, [106] while male elephants at 14—15 years old. [97]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The life span of elephants is approximately 60—70 years. [63]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

However, Lin Wang, an asian elephant in captivity, died at the age of 86. [115]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Touch Communication is an important communication tool for elephants.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Individuals wean each other by stroking or wrapped around the proboscis; the proboscis is also wound during light competition.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Older elephants will slap by using the proboscis, kick, and push to discipline younger ones.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Individuals of any age or gender will touch each other's mouth, temporal glands, and genitals when they are meeting or if pleased.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

By doing so, individuals can pick up chemical signals.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Meanwhile, touch is a very important way of communicating between parent and child.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

When moving, the mother elephant touches their young by using the proboscis or legs when it is side-by-side, or with the tail if the elephant cub is behind.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

If the elephant wants to rest, it will press on its mother's front limbs, while if it wants to feed, it will touch its breasts or limbs. [116]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The elephant shows threat by raising its head and stretching out its ears.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

They can also add to the effect by shaking their head, gritting ears, and throwing dust and plants.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

When doing these things, elephants usually just bluff.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

On the other hand, the happy elephant usually raises its proboscis.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

A subservient elephant will bow its head and proboscis, as well as flatten its ears around its neck, while an elephant accepting a challenge will make its ears V-shaped. [117] The elephant produces sound through the larynx, although some are modified by the proboscis.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

One of the most recognizable sounds of elephants is the sound of a trumpet that is usually sounded when it is happy, in difficult circumstances, or aggressive. [118]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants in a fight usually roar, and the wounded will squeak. [119]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Low-frequency sounds are generated when they are slightly excited, [120] and some of them are infrasonic. [121]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Infrasonic calls are an important way of communicating, especially for long distances. [118]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The frequency of infrasound calls in asian elephants ranges from 14—24Hz with a sound pressure of 85—90dB which typically lasts for 10—15 seconds. [121]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Meanwhile, the frequency in African elephants is approximately from 15—35Hz with sound pressure reaching 117dB, so they can communicate with a maximum distance of 10 km. [122] JMPL|left|low-frequency sounds visualized by acoustic cameras.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In Amboseli, several infrasonic calls have been identified.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

A low-frequency beep to greet was issued by a member of one of the family groups after being separated for several hours.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Calls made by individuals who have separated are usually soft and unmodulated.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The call is answered by a call that is initially loud, but later becomes softer.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

A soft low-frequency sound was sounded by the matriarch to tell her flock to move elsewhere.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Male elephants undergoing musth give off a vibrating low-frequency sound, so they are nicknamed “motorcycles”.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The sounds of elephants undergoing musth are answered by a “female chorus”, that is, modulated, low-frequency sounds produced by some female elephants.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Loud calling sounds can be sounded by female elephants after mating, while her family members make a sound of excitement called “mating bustle”. [120]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants can also perform seismic communication, that is, vibrations generated by a collision to the ground surface or acoustic waves crossing the ground.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The elephant appears to rely on its limb and shoulder bones to transmit signals to the middle ear.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

After detecting the seismic signal, the elephant leans forward and incriminates its front legs.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants have several adaptations suitable for performing seismic communication.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Specialized structures on elephantiasis that help support the load (cushion pads) have cartilage nodes and are similar to acoustic fat in marine mammals such as toothed whales and sirenia.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The sphincter-like muscles around the ear canal constrict the entry pathway, thereby dampening acoustic signals and making elephants able to hear more seismic signals. [123]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants seem to use seismic communication for some things.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Running individuals can produce seismic signals that can be heard from great distances. [124]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

When detecting a call informing of a predator's danger, the elephant will posture defensively and family groups will swarm.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Seismic waves generated by movement seem to propagate up to 32 km, while vocalization-generated waves only reach a distance of 16 km. [125] JMPL|250px|ka|An elephant uses a beam to reach food.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The elephant can recognize itself in the mirror, thus indicating self-awareness and cognition, which has also been found in apes and dolphins. [126]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Research into female asian elephants in captivity shows that elephants can study and distinguish things visually and acoustically.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Individuals on the study were even able to do so very accurately on the same visual experiment a year later. [127]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants are one of the species that can use tools.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

An asian elephant has been observed modifying tree branches and using them to hit flies. [128]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

However, tool modification by elephants is not as advanced as chimpanzees.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Meanwhile, it's likely that elephants have cognitive maps that can make them remember vast spatial spaces over a long time.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Individual elephants also seem to be able to trace the location of their family groups. [54]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Scientists are still debating the extent to which elephants can feel emotion.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants seem to show interest in the bones of other elephants, although the elephants are not relatives. [129]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

As in chimpanzees and dolphins, a dying or already dead elephant will attract attention and receive help from other elephants, including elephants from other groups.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

This kind of behavior has been interpreted as “mindfulness”; [130] however, the interpretation was criticized for being considered anthropomorphic. [131] [132] The Oxford Companion to Animal Behaviour (1987) advocated that scientists study animal behavior rather than trying to know the underlying emotions. [ 133]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Conservation Status The african elephant was registered as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2008, while the status of the two subspecies of the african elephant is not independently assessed. [25]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In 1979, there were approximately 1.3million elephants in Africa, and the highest limit of 3.0million.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Meanwhile, the population in 1989 was estimated at 609,000, with 277,000 in Central Africa, 110,000 in East Africa, 204,000 in South Africa, and 19,000 in West Africa.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

It is estimated that about 214,000 elephants live in the rainforest, which is lower than previously thought.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

From 1977 to 1989, the elephant population was reduced by as much as 74% in East Africa.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

After 1987, the decline in elephant populations accelerated, and elephant populations in savannas from Cameroon to Somalia fell by 80%.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

African forest elephants decreased by 43%.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

On the other hand, population trends in South Africa are manifold: in some places in Zambia, Mozambique, and Angola, population numbers have decreased, while in Botswana and Zimbabwe, elephant populations are growing, and in South Africa the population is stable. [134]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

However, studies in 2005 and 2007 showed that the population in East and South Africa increased by 4.0% each year. [25]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Due to the wide spread of elephants, the population of African elephants is still difficult to estimate and there is an element of guessing.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The IUCN estimated that there were about 440,000 individuals in 2012. [135]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

African elephants obtain protection legally in the country of their habitat, but 70% of their spread is outside the protected area.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Successful conservation efforts in some areas resulted in high population densities.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In 2008, the number of elephants at local tiers was controlled through contraception or translocation.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Massacres under certain criteria (culling) ended in 1988 after Zimbabwe abolished the practice.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In 1989, african elephants were included in Appendix I by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), resulting in trade in african elephants becoming illegal.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Annex II status (which permits limited trade) was granted to elephants in Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe in 1997, and South Africa in 2000.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In some countries, poaching elephants for trophies is allowed; South Africa, Botswana, Gabon, Cameroon, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe set CITES export quotas for elephant trophies. [25]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In 2008, the IUCN listed the asian elephant as a threatened species due to a 50% population decline in the last 60—75 years, [136] while CITES included it in Appendix I. [136] Asian elephants were once scattered from Syria and Iraq (subspecies Elephas maximus asurus) to China ( up to Yellow River) [137] and Java.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The asian elephant has now become extinct in these regions, [136] and its spread is currently very fragmented into small parts. [137]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The number of asian elephant populations is estimated at 40,000—50,000, although this estimate is a rough estimate.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Although overall asian elephant numbers have decreased (especially in Southeast Asia), populations in the Western Ghat appear to be increasing. [136]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The threat of poaching to take ivory, meat, and skin is one of the biggest threats to elephant sustainability. [136]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In history, some civilizations made ornaments and other works of art from elephant ivory, and their use rivaled gold. [138]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The ivory trade became one of the causes of the decline in African elephant populations in the 20th century. [25]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

This triggered a ban on ivory imports started by the United States in June 1989, which was later followed by the countries of North America, Western Europe, and Japan. [138]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Meanwhile, Kenya destroyed all of its ivory supplies. [139]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

CITES imposed a ban on the ivory trade in January 1990. [138]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

After the ban was established, the number of unemployed increased in India and China, as economically the ivory industry was an important industry.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

On the other hand, Japan and Hong Kong, which are also part of the industry, were able to adapt and were not adversely affected. [138]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, and Malawi want to continue trading ivory and that is allowed, but only if the elephant dies naturally or is the result of culling. [139]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Thanks to this ban, the elephant population in Africa began to recover. [138]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In January 2012, hundreds of elephants in Bouba Njida National Park, Cameroon, were killed by attackers from Chad.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

This event was touted as “one of the worst concentrated killings” since the enactment of the ivory trade ban. [139]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Meanwhile, asian elephants are not particularly susceptible to the ivory trade because female elephants generally do not have fangs.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

However, a number of elephants have been killed for their ivory retrieval in some areas, such as in Periyar National Park in India. [136]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Another threat to elephants is habitat destruction and fragmentation. [25]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Asian elephants live in a very dense region.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Because they require more territory than other sympatric land animals, they are the ones who first feel the impact of human existence.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Even in some extreme cases, elephant habitats are limited to small forests surrounded by territories dominated by humans.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants cannot coexist with humans in agricultural regions due to their large body and food needs.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

By and large elephants damage and eat farmers' crops, thus triggering conflict with humans, and as a result hundreds of elephants and humans have died.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Conflict mitigation is one of the important elements in conservation. [136]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

One of the proposed proposals was the provision of 'urban corridors' allowing elephants access to important territory. [140]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants and humans Elephant workers have been used as working animals at least since the time of the Indus Valley Civilization [141] and are still used until modern times.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In 2000, there were 13,000—16,500 worker elephants in Asia.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The elephants are usually caught in the outdoors when they are 10—20 years old, and at that age they can be trained quickly and easily, and are able to work for longer periods. [142]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

They are usually traditionally caught using traps and lasso, but since 1950 sedatives have been used. [143]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Asian elephants are more commonly used as working animals, but in Africa the practice is also carried out.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The taming of African elephants in the Belgian Congo began based on the decree of Leopold II from Belgium in the 19th century, and still continues today at the Fire Elephant Domestication Center. [144] JMPL|left|tourists ride elephants in Jaipur.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Asian elephants perform tasks such as transporting loads to remote territories, moving wood to trucks, carrying tourists in national parks, pulling carts, and being part of the religious process. [142]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In northern Thailand, elephants are used to swallow coffee beans in order to produce Black Ivory coffee. [145]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants are more valued than machines because they can work in relatively deep waters, require relatively little maintenance costs, require only plants and water, and can be trained to remember multiple tasks.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants can be trained to respond to more than 30 commands. [142]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

However, elephants that are experiencing dangerous musth and chained up to musth are completed. [146]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In India, many elephants are subjected to torture.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Therefore, elephants are protected by the “Act for the Prevention of Cruelty to the Beasts 1960". [147]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Warfare In history, elephants were used as tools of war.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants are fitted with armor to protect them, and at the tips of their fangs are mounted sharp iron or brass when the fangs are large enough.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

War elephants are trained to take enemy soldiers and throw them at the person riding the elephant or put them on the ground and then stab them. [148]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

One of the first sources to call the use of elephants in war was the epics of the Mahabharata (written in the 4th century BC, but thought to describe events between the 11th to the 8th century BC).


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

However, the Pandavas and Kurawa use more horse-drawn carriages.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Meanwhile, at the time of the Kingdom of Magadha (which began in the 6th century BC), culturally elephants began to become more important than horses, and later the kingdoms in India used elephants a lot; 3,000 elephants were used by Nanda armies in the 5th and 4th centuries BC, while 9,000 elephants were used by the Nanda army in the 5th and 4th centuries BC, while 9,000 elephants were used was worn by the Maurya army between the 4th century to the 2nd century BC.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The Arthashastra (written around 300 BCE) suggested to the Maurya government that denounce some forests for wild elephants that would then be used in the armed forces; the book also proposed that the death penalty be imposed for anyone killing elephants in the reserve. [149]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The use of elephants in war spread from South Asia to Persia [148] and Southeast Asia. [150]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The Persians began using it during the Akhemeniyah Empire (between the 6th century to the 4th century BC), [148] while countries in Southeast Asia likely used war elephants for the first time in the 5th century BC and continued into the 20th century. [150]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Aleksander the Great trained his soldiers to injure elephants and panic them during the wars against Persia and India.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Ptolemaios, who was one of Aleksander's generals, used asian war elephants during his time of power in Egypt (which began in 323 BC).


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

His successor, Ptolemaios II (who came to power in 285 BC), obtained supplies of war elephants from Nubia.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Since then, war elephants were used in the region of the Middle Sea and North Africa in the classical period.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The Greek king Pyrrhos used elephants when attacking the Romans in 280 BC.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Although able to frighten the Roman horses, elephants played no significant part and Pyrrhos ultimately suffered defeat.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

General Qart Hadast Hannibal crossed the Alps with his elephants during the war against the Romans and managed to reach the Po valley in 217 BC, but later many elephants died from disease. [148]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Zoos and circuses In history, elephants were kept to serve as a spectacle in Egypt, China, Greece, and Ancient Rome.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The Romans gambled elephants with humans and other animals in gladiatorial events.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In modern times, elephants can usually be encountered in zoos and circuses around the world.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Elephants in circuses are trained to perform tricks.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

One of the most famous circus elephants was Jumbo (1861 — September 15, 1885), who was a major attraction at the Barnum & Bailey Circus. [151]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The elephants are unable to reproduce properly due to the difficulty of handling male elephants who are undergoing musth and the limited understanding of the estrus cycle in female elephants.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The elephant more commonly used in circuses and modern zoos is the asian elephant.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

After CITES incorporated asian elephants into Appendix I in 1975, the number of african elephants in zoos increased in the 1980s, although imports of asian elephants continued.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Afterwards, the United States received many african elephants from Zimbabwe, which experienced elephant overpopulation. [152]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In 2000, there were about 1,200 asian elephants and 700 african elephants in zoos and circuses.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The largest population of elephants in captivity is in North America, which has 370 asian elephants and 350 african elephants.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

About 380 asian elephants and 190 african elephants live in Europe, while Japan has about 70 asian elephants and 67 african elephants. [152]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The existence of elephants at the zoo has been the subject of controversy.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Zoo supporters believe that the existence of elephants provides ease of access for researchers and provides money and expertise to preserve their natural habitat; in addition, zoos are said to be able to secure species.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Meanwhile, critics claim that the elephants in the zoo are subjected to physical and mental stress. [153]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

In addition, elephants in captivity exhibit stereotypical behavior (repetitive behavior due to lack of stimulation for the animal) by moving back and forth or wiggling the proboscis.


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

This kind of behavior has been observed in 54% of elephants in zoos in Great Britain. [154]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Furthermore, elephants in zoos appear to have shorter life spans than elephants in the outdoors, which is 17 years; however, other studies have shown that elephants in zoos live just as long as elephants in the outdoors. [155]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

The use of elephants in circuses also reaped controversy; the Humane Society of the United States accused circuses of mistreatment and making their animals miserable. [156]


Question: Where is the elephant habitat?

Elephant

Based on testimony in United States federal court in 2009, Barnum & Bailey Circus CEO Kenneth Feld admitted that circus elephants were struck using metal-tipped pumps behind the ears, under the chin, and in the limbs.