Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Usually, in a film or show, the person responsible for special effects affairs is often called by the nickname tokushu gijutsu (), meaning “special techniques” (a term used to call “special effects”), or tokusatsu kantoku ().


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Back in Japan, tokusatsu was popular especially among children.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

But over time, tokusatsu briefly began to be abandoned.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Many people judge, tokusatsu is a film aimed at children, although in reality, some tokusatsu has a fairly complex storyline that is difficult for children to understand.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

In addition, pamor tokusatsu is inferior to anime and manga that are now very popular all over the world.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

However, it did not make the tokusatsu companies give up.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

They changed the storyline of the tokusatsu to be more funny and interesting to excite the tokusatsu that had dimmed again.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

For example Kamen Rider's audience demographics in 2011 and 2012 include children, adolescents, adults, men and women with target children occupying the highest earners. [1]


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Tokusatsu is one of the most popular forms of Japanese entertainment, and has many genres, e.g. Kaiju monster (such as Godzilla or Gamera), Kamen Rider (Ichigo, Nigo, to the latest such as Kamen Rider Build), Metal Hero (Gaban Spielban), and many more.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Tsuburaya Eiji Tsuburaya (1901-1970) was one of Japan's best known kantoku tokusatsu, and it was he who had produced and modeled the characters Godzilla and Ultraman.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Tsuburaya is not the first FX artist, but she has managed to make a special effects show in Japan something different.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

When producing a film that shows giant creatures (such as monsters, superheroes, aliens, etc.), Tsuburaya usually uses techniques involving sophisticated miniature mockups, and for his monsters usually use a stuntman in a monster costume (now called” Suitmation”) or dolls that can be arranged in motion (Mothra, Dogora, etc.).


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Although now there are many special effects using digital effects, Tsuburaya's tokusatsu method remains used until now, and has become a tradition in itself.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Suitmation Suitmation (スーパーシン) is a term usually used in Japan to call special effects that use a monster-costumed stuntman.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

No one knows since when the term was used; some Toho staff people often use that term to distinguish with Ray Harryhausen's Dynamation (stop-motion) technique.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

That term came into widespread use since the film The Return of Godzilla.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Costume Materials Godzilla monster costumes are usually made from latex, with plus a wide variety of layers (mainly fire-resistant layers).


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

The costume is made thick enough so that the wearer will not be injured by the jets of fire from Godzilla's mouth.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Godzilla teeth were originally made of wood, but later began to be replaced by resinous materials.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

The costume has a small hole in the neck that allows the actor to see out.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

The head part of the costume consisted of mechanical components that could be controlled from afar to move the eyes and mouth.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Wearing Gozilla costumes is a torture for the actors, especially in ancient times, when the production studio was still very hot and not equipped with air conditioning.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Most actors can only wear it for 3 minutes.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Circumstances began to change when the Tsuburaya studio started using air conditioning, and since the film Godzilla 2000: Millennium, an oxygen hose was tucked into Godzilla's costume through a small hole in the tail, the hose was directly connected to the neck of the Godzilla costume, so that the actor the wearer can breathe a sigh


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Tsutomu Kitagawa, one of the actors who once sported a Godzilla costume, once said “it is highly discouraged for people with claustrophobia to play the role of Godzilla.”


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

While for Ultraman costumes usually use strict latex costumes similar to costumes used by divers.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Ultraman helmets were originally also made from latex, but were later replaced with fiberglass.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

A set of electronic tools allows the eyes and Colortimer to light up and blink.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Toei superheroes use different materials for their costumes, ranging from leather, vinyl, to fabric materials.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Since the film Kagaku Sentai Dynaman, all Sentai members wear spandex costumes.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Their helmet was made from fiberglass, and had a hook device to unscrew the helmet.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Other Special Effects Japanese special effects techniques do not always use only costumed actors.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Even the first Godzilla film produced in 1954 used a variety of techniques sophisticated enough at that time to produce the necessary special effects.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

In addition to using Suitmation Godzilla, Eiji Tsuburaya also used a wide variety of puppets for special effects, both hand puppets, and animatronic puppets, which could give off smog to create the illusion as if Godzilla was spouting radio-active breath.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Tsuburaya even used a stop-motion technique to move Godzilla's tail (reportedly Tsuburaya actually wanted a stop-motion technique for all the scenes in Godzilla movies, but Toho rejected it, because the stop-motion technique was too expensive and was considered a waste of time; Japan in general only has a low budget and a very dense production schedule).


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

The latest Godzilla films have begun using a wide variety of different effects to drive those monsters.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

In the '60s, they used undersized mechanical dolls recorded from a distance.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Since the '80s, they used animatronic robotic techniques so that Godzilla could look more alive and realistic (in the movie The Return of Godzilla they used a 6-meter “Cybot Godzilla” and they used a miniature Godzilla doll in the movie Godzilla Vs.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Biollante).


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

They also use the flaming effect on Godzilla's dorsal fin made of fibre reinforced plastic, and even in some of his recent films, they've started using CG to create those effects.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

The same principle is used also for other superheroes (superheroes) films; some superheroes (such as Kikaider and Gavan) use electronic components that can light up for close-up shot purposes.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

The use of CGI in Tokusatsu In order to compete with Hollywood productions, tokusatsu films had to start using CGI.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Heisei Gamera films already use CGI as special effects.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

And the latest Godzilla films also already use CGI special effects techniques.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

This technique allows Godzilla to swim in the water like a whale.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Now there are many superhero movies using CG, ranging from Ultraman flying in the air, the henshin Kamen Rider scene, to the giant robot scene in the Sentai series, all already applying CG.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Even since ancient times, simple CG special effects have been used for some optical effects, such as laser shot effects, control bullets, and explosion effects.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Other tokusatsu films that already use CG include Crossfire and Casshern (a remake of Tatsuo Yoshida's 1973 anime series).


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Serial List of Tokusatsu Moonlight Mask Seven-Color Prince Planet Children National Uchuu Kaisokusen Akakage the Ninja Masked Captain Ultra Giant Robo Choujin Barom One Henshin Ninja Arashi Android Kikaider Super Robot Red Baron Ryusei Ningen Zone Warrior Love: Rainbowman Inazuman Robot Detective K Kikaider 01 Squids Gived Inazuman Flash Super Robot Mach Baron Symbol Justice Condorman Akumaizer 3 Man Iron Space Kyodain Ninja Captor Choujin Bibyun Kaiketsu Zubat Daitetsujin 17 Ganbaron Spider-Man Megaloman Seiun Kamen Machineman Kyodai Ken Byclosser Beautiful Boy Concealment Chest Police Fighter Chick Denkou Choujin Gridman Android Hakaider Choukou Senshi Changerion Shichisei Tōshin Guyferd Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Specter Madan Senki Ryukendo Cutie Honey: The Live The Skullman (Prolouge) K-Tai Sousakan 7 Tomica Hero: Rescue Force Tomica Hero Fire Daimajin Canon Tiger & Bunny: The Live Gatchaman Lili Guilty Fire Leon Sasuraido Shougeki Gouraigan Kanpai Senshi After V Gaion Sigma Service Delivery Kiki Gunblade Serial Adaptation Tokusatsu Guyver Superhuman Samurai Syber-Squad Teen Alien Fighter Tattoo Guyver: Dark Hero Satria Mystic Tir Na Nog King XX Pacific Rim Bima Satria Garuda Satria Garuda Bima-X Hak Tokusatsu Super Sentai Kamen Rider Metal Hero Serial Ultra Serial Chouseishin Serial Garo Reference Grays, Kevin.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Welcome to the Wonderful World of Japanese Fantasy (Markalite Vol. 1, Summer 1990, Kaiju Productions/Pacific Rim Publishing) Yoshida, Makoto & Ikeda, Noriyoshi and Ragone, August.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

The Making of “Godzilla Vs.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Biollante” - They Call it “Tokusatsu” (Markalite Vol. 1, Summer 1990, Kaiju Productions/Pacific Rim Publishing) Godziszewski, Ed.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

The Making of Godzilla (G-FAN #12, November/December 1994, Daikaiju Enterprises) Ryfle, Steve.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Japan's Favourite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of Godzilla.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

ECW Press, 1999.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

ISBN 1-55022-348-8.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Cassidy, John Paul., 2005 (Blog Essay).


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

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Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

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Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

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Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

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Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

WikiProject Tokusatsu VTThis article is within the scope of WikiProject Tokusatsu, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Tokusatsu on Wikipedia.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.??? This article has not yet received a rating on the project's quality scale.??? This article has not yet received a rating on the project's importance scale.


Question: what is a tokusatsu serial?

Tokusatsu

Category:Japanese words and phrases


Question: Who is laode ridwan?

Ridwan Bae

Ir. Ridwan Bae [1] () is a Member of Parliament since October 1, 2014.


Question: Who is laode ridwan?

Ridwan Bae

Ridwan had served as the Regent of Muna from 2000 to 2010.


Question: Who is laode ridwan?

Ridwan Bae

Background Ridwan Bae was elected as Member of Parliament for 2014-2019 period from Golkar (Golkar) representing Southeast Sulawesi electoral district after obtaining 91,747 votes.


Question: Who is laode ridwan?

Ridwan Bae

Ridwan is a senior politician for Golkar in Southeast Sulawesi.


Question: Who is laode ridwan?

Ridwan Bae

Ridwan is a former Regent of Muna (2000-2010) and Chairman of the Regional Leadership Council (DPD) of Golkar Southeast Sulawesi Province.


Question: Who is laode ridwan?

Ridwan Bae

Ridwan is an entrepreneur and has served as Director of CV.Consultant Daya Bina (1983-1989) and President Director of PT.Rapesa (gas station business and vendors for air ports).


Question: Who is laode ridwan?

Ridwan Bae

In the 2014-2019 working period Ridwan sat on Commission V which took charge of transport, public works, public housing and rural development and lagging areas.


Question: Who is laode ridwan?

Ridwan Bae

In 2004, Ridwan reported Wahana Lingkungan Hidup (WALHI) and Indonesian Corruption Watch (ICW) to the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) related to alleged corruption cases of teak auction findings by Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi.


Question: Who is laode ridwan?

Ridwan Bae

In 2008 Ridwan Bae was examined by investigators Tipikor related to corruption cases of hoarding the arrangement of slums in Lagasa ward and Tula ward.


Question: Who is laode ridwan?

Ridwan Bae

Education History of SLTA, SLTA Umi, Makassar (1976) Diploma, Hasanuddin University, Makassar (1981) S1, Civil Engineering, University of Southeast Sulawesi, Kendari (2010) Position History of Member of Parliament Muna Regency (1992-1997) Muna Regent (2000-2005) Muna Regent (2005-2010) Member of Parliament (2014-2019) Political Party History of Vice Chairman of DPD I Golkar Party Southeast Sulawesi (1998-2003) Chairman of DPD I Golkar Party Southeast Sulawesi (2002-2008) Chairman of DPD I Golkar Southeast Sulawesi Party (2010-present)


Question: when was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

Regional expansion in Indonesia is the establishment of new administrative areas at the provincial level as well as cities and districts of the parent.


Question: when was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

The latest legal foundation for regional expansion in Indonesia is Law No. 23 Year 2014 on Local Government.


Question: when was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

This article discusses the history of the expansion of the region in Indonesia.


Question: when was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

The history of the expansion of the province of the Early Era of Independence (1945-1949) When Indonesia proclaimed its independence on 17 August 1945, Indonesia had 8 provinces, namely: Sumatra, Borneo (Kalimantan), West Java, Central Java, East Java, Sulawesi, Maluku, and Little Sunda as well as two regions Special Region of Surakarta and Special Region of Yogyakarta, based on recognition of sovereignty of Indonesia by King Solo on September 1, 1945, which merged its country as a Special Region at the provincial level then in the susul of Yogyakarta on September 5, 1945.


Question: when was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

During the independence movement (1945-1949), Indonesia experienced a change of territory due to the return of the Netherlands to control Indonesia, and a number of “puppet states” were formed by the Netherlands in the territory of the Indonesian state era of the Republic of Indonesia United (1949-1950) The results of the Round Table Conference in Den Haag in 1949, the Netherlands recognized Indonesia in the form of a union, which consisted of 15 states plus 1 Republic of Indonesia.


Question: when was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

A few months later, a number of states incorporated themselves into the states of the Republic of Indonesia.


Question: when was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

Era of Leaded Democracy and Old Order (1959-1966) On 17 August 1950, Indonesia again became a unitary state.


Question: when was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

Here is the development of the expansion of Indonesian territory during 1950-1966: In 1950, the province of Sumatra was split into North Sumatra, Central Sumatra, and South Sumatra.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

Meanwhile, Yogyakarta was granted the provincial status of “Special Region”.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

In 1956, Kalimantan Province (formed 14 August 1950) was split into the provinces of West Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, and East Kalimantan.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

In the same year was formed also Aceh Darussalam Province (expansion of North Sumatra).


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

In 1957, Jakarta was granted the provincial status of “Daerah Khusus Ibukota”.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

In 1958, Central Sumatra Province was split into Jambi, Riau, and West Sumatra provinces.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

Meanwhile, Lesser Sunda Province was split into Bali Province, West Nusa Tenggara, and East Nusa Tenggara.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

In the same year, was formed the province of Central Kalimantan (from South Kalimantan).


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

In 1959, Aceh was granted the provincial status of “Special Region”.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

In 1960, Sulawesi Province was split into North Sulawesi and South Sulawesi.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

In 1963, the United Nations handed over West Irian to Indonesia In 1964, formed Lampung Province (expansion from South Sumatra).


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

In the same year, also formed Central Sulawesi Province (expansion from North Sulawesi) and Southeast Sulawesi Province (expansion from South Sulawesi).


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

The New Order Era (1966-1998) During the New Order period occurred several times regional expansion, among others; In 1967 Bengkulu Province was bloomed from South Sumatra Province in 1969 West Irian officially became the 26th province of Indonesia In 1969-1975, Indonesia had 26 provinces, where 2 of them have the status of Special Region (Aceh and Yogyakarta), and 1 with the status of Special Capital Region (Jakarta).


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

In 1976, East Timor became part of Indonesia and as the 27th province.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

Reform Era (1999-present) In 1999, East Timor seceded from Indonesia and was under the United Nations until full independence under the official name East Timor in 2002, and Indonesia again had 26 provinces.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

Meanwhile, during the reform era there are demands for expansion of a number of provinces in Indonesia.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

Provincial expansion in Indonesia since 1999 is as follows: North Maluku with capital Sofifi-Ternate, bloomed from Maluku Province, became the 27th Indonesian province on October 4, 1999 Banten with the capital Serang, bloomed from West Java Province, became a province The 28th Indonesia on 17 October 2000 the Bangka Belitung Islands with the capital Pangkal Pinang, became the 29th Indonesian province on 4 December 2000 Gorontalo with capital city Gorontalo, bloomed from North Sulawesi Province, became the 30th Indonesian province on the 22nd December 2000 Irian Jaya Barat with capital Manokwari, was bloomed from Papua Province, becoming the 31st Indonesian province on 21 November 2001.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

Now Irian Jaya Barat is renamed West Papua.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

On November 11, 2001, Papua Province was bloomed into the new province of Central Irian Jaya.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

But this expansion was eventually canceled because it received a lot of opposition so it was not enforced.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

Riau Islands with capital Tanjung Pinang, bloomed from Riau Province, became the 32nd Indonesian province on 25 October 2002 West Sulawesi with capital Mamuju, bloomed from South Sulawesi province, became 33rd Indonesian province on 5 October 2004 North Kalimantan with the capital Tanjung Selor, bloomed from East Kalimantan Province, became the 34th Indonesian province on October 25, 2012 Regency and city Expansion of the region or the establishment of a new autonomy region is increasingly rife since the release of Law No. 22 Year 1999 on Regional Autonomy was later revised to Law No 32 of 2004.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

As of December 2008 there have been formed 215 new autonomous regions comprising seven provinces, 173 districts, and 35 cities.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

Thus the total number reaches 524 autonomous regions comprising 33 provinces, 398 districts, and 93 cities.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

Here is the expansion of districts and cities in Indonesia that has actually been going on since 1991.


Question: When was Muara Enim Regency officially established into a district?

Regional expansion in Indonesia

Aceh Simeulue Regency, expansion of West Aceh Regency (October 4, 1999) Nagan Raya Regency, expansion of West Aceh Regency (April 10, 2002) Aceh Jaya Regency, expansion of West Aceh Regency (April 10, 2002) Aceh Singkil Regency, expansion from South Aceh Regency (April 20, 2002) 1999) Southwest Aceh Regency, expansion of South Aceh Regency (April 10, 2002) Bener Meriah Regency, expansion of Central Aceh Regency (December 19, 2003) Gayo Lues Regency, expansion of Southeast Aceh Regency (April 10, 2002) Aceh Tamiang Regency, expansion from Aceh Regency East (April 10, 2002) Langsa City, expansion of East Aceh Regency (June 21, 2001) Lhokseumawe City, expansion of North Aceh Regency (June 21, 2001) Bireuen Regency, expansion from North Aceh Regency (October 4, 1999) Subulussalam City, expansion from Aceh Singkil Regency (January 2, 2007) Pidie Jaya Regency, expansion of Pidie Regency (January 2, 2007) North Sumatra Pakpak Bharat Regency, expansion of Dairi Regency (February 25, 2003) Serdang Bedagai Regency, expansion of Deli Serdang Regency (December 18, 2003) South Nias Regency, expansion from Nias Regency ( 25 February 2003) Mandailing Natal Regency, expansion of South Tapanuli Regency (23 November 1998) Padang Sidempuan, expansion of South Tapanuli Regency (21 June 2001) Toba Samosir Regency, expansion of North Tapanuli Regency (23 November 1998) Humbang Hasundutan Regency, expansion of North Tapanuli Regency (February 25, 2003) Samosir Regency, expansion from Toba Samosir Regency (December 18, 2003) Batubara Regency, expansion of Asahan Regency (January 2, 2007) Padang Lawas Regency, expansion of South Tapanuli Regency (July 17, 2007) North Padang Lawas, expansion of South Tapanuli Regency (July 17, 2007) North Labuhanbatu Regency, expansion of Labuhanbatu Regency (June 24, 2008) South Labuhanbatu Regency, expansion of Labuhanbatu Regency (June 24, 2008) Gunung Sitoli City, expansion from Nias Regency (29 June 2008) October 2008) West Nias Regency, expansion from Nias Regency (October 29, 2008) North Nias Regency, expansion from Nias Regency (October 29, 2008) Jambi Muaro Jambi Regency, expansion from Batanghari Regency (October 4, 1999) Sarolangun Regency, expansion from Sarolangun Bangko Regency (October 4, 1999) East Tanjung Jabung Regency, expansion of Tanjung Jabung Regency (October 4, 1999) Tebo Regency, expansion of Bungo Tebo Regency (October 4, 1999) Sungai Putih City, expansion from Kerinci Regency (June 24, 2008) Riau Rokan Hilir Regency, expansion from Regency Bengkalis (4 October 1999) Siak Regency, expansion of Bengkalis Regency (4 October 1999) Dumai City, expansion of Bengkalis Regency (4 October 1999) Kuantan Singingi Regency, expansion of Indragiri Hulu Regency (4 October 1999) Pelalawan Regency, expansion of Kampar Regency (4 October 1999) October 1999) Rokan Hulu Regency, expansion of Kampar Regency (October 4, 1999) Meranti Islands Regency, expansion of Bengkalis Regency (December 19, 2008) West Sumatra Mentawai Islands Regency, expansion of Padang Pariaman Regency (October 4, 1999) Pariaman City, expansion of Padang Pariaman Regency (April 10, 2002) West Pasaman Regency, expansion of Pasaman Regency (December 18, 2003) Dharmasraya Regency, expansion of Sawahlunto Sijunjung Regency (December 18, 2003) South Solok Regency, expansion from Solok Regency (December 18, 2003) Bengkulu Regency Kaur, expansion of South Bengkulu Regency (February 25, 2003) Seluma Regency, expansion from South Bengkulu Regency (February 25, 2003) Mukomuko Regency, expansion of North Bengkulu Regency (February 25, 2003) Kepahiang Regency, expansion from Rejang Lebong Regency (February 25, 2003) 2003) Lebong Regency, expansion of Rejang Lebong Regency (25 February 2003) Central Bengkulu Regency, expansion of North Bengkulu Regency (24 June 2008) South Sumatra Kota Pagar Alam, expansion of Lahat Regency (21 June 2001) Prabumulih City, expansion of Muara Enim Regency (21 June 2001) June 2001) Banyuasin Regency, expansion of Musi Banyuasin Regency (April 10, 2002) Ogan Ilir Regency, expansion of Ogan Komering Ilir Regency (December 18, 2003) South Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, expansion of Ogan Komering Ulu Regency (December 18, 2003) Ogan Komering Ulu Regency East, expansion of Ogan Komering Ulu Regency (December 18, 2003) Lubuklinggau City, expansion of Musi Rawas Regency (June 21, 2001) Empat Lawang Regency, expansion from Lahat Regency (January 2, 2007) Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Regency, expansion of Muara Enim Regency (December 14, 2007) 2012) North Musi Rawas Regency, expansion of Musi Rawas Regency (June 2013) Lampung West Lampung Regency, expansion of North Lampung Regency (Law No.6 of 1991 dated August 16, 1991) Tanggamus Regency, expansion of South Lampung Regency (January 3, 1997) Bawang, expansion from North Lampung Regency (January 3, 1997) East Lampung Regency, expansion from Central Lampung Regency (April 20, 1999) Metro City, expansion from Central Lampung Regency (April 20, 1999) Way Kanan Regency, expansion from North Lampung Regency (April 20, 1999) Pesawaran, expansion from South Lampung Regency (July 17, 2007) Mesuji Regency, expansion of Tulang Bawang Regency (October 29, 2008) Pringsewu Regency, expansion of Tanggamus Regency (October 29, 2008) West Tulang Bawang Regency, expansion from Tanggamus Regency (October 29, 2008) 2008) West Coastal Regency, expansion of West Lampung Regency (25 October 2012) Bangka Belitung Islands West Bangka Regency, expansion of Bangka Regency (25 February 2003) South Bangka Regency, expansion of Bangka Regency (25 February 2003) Central Bangka Regency, expansion of Central Bangka Regency, expansion from Bangka Regency (25 February 2003) East Belitung Regency, expansion of Belitung Regency (25 February 2003) Riau Islands Batam City, expansion of Riau Islands Regency (4 October 1999) Karimun Regency, expansion of Riau Islands Regency (4 October 1999) Natuna Regency, expansion of Riau Islands Regency (October 4, 1999) Tanjung Pinang City, expansion of Riau Islands Regency (June 21, 2001) Lingga Regency, expansion of Riau Islands Regency (December 18, 2003) Anambas Islands Regency, expansion from Natuna Regency (June 24, 2008) DKI Jakarta Thousand Islands Administrative Regency, expansion of North Jakarta City (July 3, 2001) Banten Cilegon, expansion of Serang Regency (April 20, 1999) Tangerang City, expansion of Tangerang Regency (February 27, 1993) Serang City, expansion from Serang Regency (July 17, 2007) South Tangerang, expansion from Tangerang Regency (29 October 2008) West Java Tasikmalaya City, expansion from Tasikmalaya Regency (21 June 2001) Depok City, expansion from Bogor Regency (20 April 1999) Banjar City, expansion of Ciamis Regency (11 December 2002) Bekasi City, expansion of Bekasi City, expansion from Bekasi Regency (16 December 1996) Cimahi City, expansion of Bandung Regency (21 June 2001) West Bandung Regency, expansion of Bandung Regency (January 2, 2007) Pangandaran Regency, expansion of Ciamis Regency (October 25, 2012) East Java Batu City, expansion from Regency Malang (21 June 2001) Bali Denpasar, expansion of Badung Regency (15 January 1992) West Nusa Tenggara Bima, expansion of Bima Regency (10 April 2002) Mataram, expansion of West Lombok Regency (26 July 1993) West Sumbawa Regency, expansion of Sumbawa Regency (18 July 1993) December 2003) North Lombok Regency, expansion of West Lombok Regency (June 24, 2008) East Nusa Tenggara Lembata Regency, expansion of East Flores Regency (October 4, 1999) Rote Ndao Regency, expansion of Kupang Regency (April 10, 2002) Kupang City, expansion from Kupang Regency (April 11, 1996) West Manggarai Regency, expansion of Manggarai Regency (February 25, 2003) Nagekeo Regency, expansion of Ngada Regency (January 2, 2007) Central Sumba Regency, expansion of West Sumba Regency (January 2, 2007) South West Sumba Regency, expansion from Sumba Regency West (January 2, 2007) East Manggarai Regency, expansion of Manggarai Regency (July 17, 2007) Sabu Raijua Regency, expansion of Kupang Regency (October 29, 2008) Malacca Regency, expansion of Belu Regency (December 14, 2012) West Kalimantan Bengkayang Regency, expansion of Sambas Regency (April 20, 1999) Landak Regency, expansion of Pontianak Regency (October 4, 1999) Singkawang City, expansion of Bengkayang Regency (June 21, 2001) Melawi Regency, expansion of Sintang Regency (December 18, 2003) Sekadau Regency, expansion from Sanggau Regency (18 December 2003) North Kayong Regency, expansion of Ketapang Regency (January 2, 2007) Kubu Raya Regency, expansion from Pontianak Regency (July 17, 2007) East Barito Regency, expansion of South Barito Regency (April 10, 2002) Murung Raya Regency, expansion of North Barito Regency (April 10, 2002) Gunung Mas Regency, expansion of Kapuas Regency (April 10, 2002) Pulang Knife Regency, expansion of Kapuas Regency (April 10, 2002) Lamandau Regency, expansion of West Kotawaringin Regency (April 10, 2002) Sukamara Regency, expansion of West Kotawaringin Regency (10 April 2002) Katingan Regency, expansion of East Kotawaringin Regency (10 April 2002) Seruyan Regency, expansion of East Kotawaringin Regency (10 April 2002) South Kalimantan Tanah Bumbu Regency, expansion from Kotabaru Regency (25 February 2003) Balangan Regency, expansion from North Hulu Sungai Regency (February 25, 2003) Banjarbaru City, expansion from Banjar Regency (April 20, 1999) East Kalimantan, West Kutai Regency, expansion from Kutai Regency (October 4, 1999) East Kutai Regency, expansion from Kutai Regency (October 4, 1999) 1999) Bontang City, expansion of Kutai Regency (October 4, 1999) North Penajam Paser Regency, expansion of Pasir Regency (April 10, 2002) Mahakam Ulu Regency, expansion of West Kutai Regency (December 14, 2012) North Kalimantan Malinau Regency, expansion of Bulungan Regency (4 December 2012) October 1999) Nunukan Regency, expansion of Bulungan Regency (4 October 1999) Tarakan City, expansion of Bulungan Regency (8 October 1997) Tana Tidung Regency, expansion of Bulungan Regency (17 July 2007) North Sulawesi Talaud Islands Regency, expansion from Islands Regency Sangihe Talaud (April 10, 2002) South Minahasa Regency, expansion from Minahasa Regency (February 25, 2003) North Minahasa Regency, expansion from Minahasa Regency (December 18, 2002) Tomohon City, expansion from Minahasa Regency (February 25, 2003) Bitung City, expansion from Regency Minahasa (August 15, 1990) Kotamobagu City, expansion from Bolaang Mongondow Regency (January 2, 2007) North Bolaang Mongondow Regency, expansion of Bolaang Mongondow Regency (January 2, 2007) Siau Tagulandang Biaro Islands Regency, expansion from Sangihe Islands Regency (January 2, 2007) 2007) Southeast Minahasa Regency, expansion of South Minahasa Regency (January 2, 2007) East Bolaang Mongondow Regency, expansion of Bolaang Mongondow Regency (June 24, 2008) South Bolaang Mongondow Regency, expansion from Bolaang Mongondow Regency (June 24, 2008) Gorontalo Boalemo Regency, expansion from Gorontalo Regency (October 4, 1999) Pohuwato Regency, expansion from Boalemo Regency (February 25, 2003) Bone Bolango Regency, expansion from Gorontalo Regency (February 25, 2003) North Gorontalo Regency, expansion from Gorontalo Regency (January 2, 2007) Central Sulawesi Banggai Islands Regency, expansion from Banggai Regency (October 4, 1999) Parigi Moutong Regency, expansion of Donggala Regency (April 10, 2002) Palu City, expansion from Donggala Regency (July 22, 1994) Morowali Regency, expansion from Poso Regency (October 4, 1999) Tojo Una-Una Regency, expansion from Poso Regency (December 18, 2003) Buol Regency, expansion from Buol Toli-Toli Regency (October 4, 1999) Sigi Regency, expansion from Donggala Regency (June 24, 2008) Banggai Laut Regency, expansion from Banggai Islands Regency (December 14, 2012) North Morowali Regency expansion from Morowali Regency (April 12, 2013) West Sulawesi North Mamuju Regency, expansion of Mamuju Regency (February 25, 2003) Mamasa Regency, expansion of Polewali Mamasa Regency (April 10, 2002) Central Mamuju Regency, expansion from Mamuju Regency (14 December 2012) South Sulawesi North Luwu Regency, expansion from Luwu Regency (April 20, 1999) East Luwu Regency, expansion of North Luwu Regency (February 25, 2003) Palopo City, expansion from Luwu Regency (April 10, 2002) North Toraja Regency, expansion from Tana Toraja Regency (24 Southeast Sulawesi Bombana Regency, expansion from Buton Regency (December 18, 2003) Wakatobi Regency, expansion of Buton Regency (December 18, 2003) Bau-Bau City, expansion of Buton Regency (June 21, 2001) North Kolaka Regency, expansion from Kolaka Regency (December 18, 2008) 2003) South Konawe Regency, expansion from Kendari Regency (February 25, 2003) Kendari City, expansion from Kendari Regency (August 3, 1995) North Konawe Regency, expansion of Konawe Regency (January 2, 2007) North Buton Regency, expansion from Muna Regency (January 2, 2007) East Kolaka, expansion from Kolaka Regency (14 December 2012) Konawe Islands Regency, bloomed from Konawe Regency (12 April 2013) South Buton Regency, bloomed from Buton Regency (23 July 2014) [1] Buton Central Regency, bloomed from Buton Regency (23 July 2014) [1] West Muna, blossomed from Muna Regency (23 July 2014) Maluku Buru Regency, expansion of Central Maluku Regency (October 4, 1999) West Seram Regency, expansion of Central Maluku Regency (December 18, 2003) East Seram Regency, expansion from Central Maluku Regency (18 December 2003) December 2003) Aru Islands Regency, expansion of Southeast Maluku Regency (December 18, 2003) West Southeast Maluku Regency, expansion of Southeast Maluku Regency (October 4, 1999) Tual City, expansion of Southeast Maluku Regency (July 17, 2007) South Buru Regency, expansion of South East Maluku Regency, expansion from South East Maluku Regency Buru Regency (June 24, 2008) Southwest Maluku Regency, expansion of West Southeast Maluku Regency (June 24, 2008) North Maluku South Halmahera Regency, expansion from North Maluku Regency (February 25, 2003) North Halmahera Regency, expansion from North Maluku Regency (February 25, 2003) 2003) Sula Islands Regency, expansion of North Maluku Regency (February 25, 2003) Ternate, expansion of North Maluku Regency (April 20, 1999) East Halmahera Regency, expansion from Central Halmahera Regency (February 25, 2003) Tidore City, expansion from Central Halmahera Regency (February 25, 2003) Morotai Island Regency, expansion of North Halmahera Regency (October 29, 2008) Taliabu Island Regency, expansion of Sula Islands Regency (December 14, 2012) West Papua Kaimana Regency, expansion from Fak-Fak Regency (December 11, 2002) Bintuni Bay Regency, expansion of Manokwari Regency (11 December 2002) Teluk Wondama Regency, expansion from Manokwari Regency (11 December 2002) Raja Ampat Regency, expansion of Sorong Regency (11 December 2002) South Sorong Regency, expansion of Sorong Regency (11 December 2002) Sorong City, expansion of Sorong Regency (October 4, 1999) Tambrauw Regency, expansion from Sorong Regency, South Sorong Regency, Manokwari Regency (October 29, 2008) Maybrat Regency, expansion from Sorong Regency (December 19, 2008) South Manokwari Regency, expansion from Manokwari Regency (October 25, 2012) Arfak Mountain Regency, expansion of Manokwari Regency (October 25, 2012) Papua Boven Digoel Regency, expansion of Merauke Regency (December 11, 2002) Mappi Regency, expansion of Merauke Regency (December 11, 2002) Asmat Regency, expansion of Merauke Regency (11 December 2002) Yahukimo Regency, expansion from Jayawijaya Regency (December 11, 2002) Bintang Mountains Regency, expansion from Jayawijaya Regency (December 11, 2002) Tolikara Regency, expansion from Jayawijaya Regency (December 11, 2002) Sarmi Regency, expansion from Regency Jayapura (December 11, 2002) Keerom Regency, expansion from Jayapura Regency (December 11, 2002) Jayapura City, expansion from Jayapura Regency (August 2, 1993) Supiori Regency, expansion from Biak Numfor Regency (December 18, 2003) Waropen Regency, expansion from Yapen Waropen Regency ( 11 December 2002) Mamberamo Raya Regency, expansion from Sarmi Regency (March 15, 2007) Lanny Jaya Regency, expansion from Jayawijaya Regency (January 4, 2008) Central Mamberamo Regency, expansion from Jayawijaya Regency (January 4, 2008) Nduga Regency, expansion from Jayawijaya Regency (January 4, 2008) Yalimo Regency, expansion from Jayawijaya Regency (January 4, 2008) Puncak Regency, expansion from Puncak Jaya Regency (January 4, 2008) Dogiyai Regency, expansion from Nabire Regency (January 4, 2008) Deiyai Regency, expansion from Paniai Regency (October 29, 2008) Intan Jaya Regency, expansion from Paniai (29 October 2008) Legal basis for the formation of provinces, districts, and cities in Indonesia Here are BPS data based on January 2007 statistics [2] See also List of Indonesian districts and cities List of Indonesian provinces Category:Distribution Administrative Indonesia Category:Local government in Indonesia


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux (pronounced ˈlɪnəks or /ˈlɪnks/) [3] is the name given to Unix-type computer operating systems.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux is one of the main examples of free and open source software development results.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Like other free and open source software in general, Linux source code can be freely modified, used and redistributed by anyone. [4]


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The name “Linux” comes from the name of its maker, which was introduced in 1991 by Linus Torvalds.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Its systems, system equipment and libraries are generally derived from the GNU operating system, announced 1983 by Richard Stallman.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

GNU's contribution is the basis of the emergence of alternative names GNU/Linux. [5]


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux has long been known for its use on servers, and is supported by top computer companies such as Intel, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Novell, Oracle Corporation, Red Hat, and Sun Microsystems.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux is used as an operating system in a wide variety of types of computer hardware, including desktop computers, supercomputers, [6], and conjoined systems such as electronic book readers, video game systems (PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3 and XBox [7]), mobile phones and routers.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Informatics technology observers assume Linux's success is because Linux is independent of vendor independence, low operational costs, and high compatibility compared to non-free UNIX versions, as well as high security and stability factors compared to with other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

These characteristics are also evidence for the superiority of open source software development models (opensource software).


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux operating systems known as Linux distributions (Linux distribution) or Linux distros generally include supporting software such as web servers, programming languages, databases, desktop environments such as GNOME, KDE and Xfce also have packages Office applications (office suite) such as OpenOffice.org, KOffice, Abiword, Gnumeric and LibreOffice.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

History Unix operating systems were developed and implemented in the 1960s and first released in 1970.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The factor of its availability and its high compatibility causes it to be widely used, copied and modified by academic institutions and in business people.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The Linux Logo (Tux) logo started when Linus Torvalds was on a stroll in a Perth park.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

While walking it was Linus Torvalds pegged by a Pinguin and had a fever for days.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

He thought that the character of the penguin was suitable to be the logo of his new operating system.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

So there was a competition to design the new Linux Logo, and the competition was won by Larry Ewing who managed to portray a penguin sitting.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The GNU Project that started in 1984 has the goal of creating an operating system that is Unix-compatible and complete and in total consisting of free software. [8]


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

In 1985, Richard Stallman founded the Free Software Foundation and developed the GNU General Public License (GNU General Public License or GNU GPL).


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Most programs required by an operating system (such as libraries, compilers, text editors, Unix shells and window systems) were completed in the early 1990s, although low-level elements such as device drivers, jurik and kernels were still not completed at that time. [9]


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linus Torvalds once said that if the GNU kernel had been available at the time (1991), he would not have decided to write his own version. [10]


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

MINIX MINIX, a Unix-type system intended for academic use was released by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in 1987.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The source code of MINIX 1.0 is listed in his book Operating Systems: Design and Implementation.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Although it can be easily obtained, modifications and redistributions are not allowed at that time.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Copyright of his source code is included into the copyright of his book published by Prentice Hall.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

In addition, the design of the 16-bit version of the MINIX was later not well adapted to the 32-bit version of the inexpensive and popular Intel 386 architecture used widely in personal computers.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

In 1991, Torvalds began working to create a non-commercial version of the MINIX replacement while he studied at the University of Helsinki. [11]


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The result of his work that would then become the Linux kernel.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

In 1992, Tanembaum wrote an article in Usenet, claiming that Linux was out of date.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

In his article, he criticized Linux as an operating system with a monolithic design and too fixated with the x86 architecture that it was not portable, where it described it as a “fundamental error”. [12]


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Tanenbaum suggested that those who want a modern operating system should look to a design based on the microkernel model.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The paper emphasized Torvalds' responsibility that led to a debate on monolithic and microkernel kernel design. [12]


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Now Linux has been used in various domains, from conjoined systems [13] to supercomputers, [14] and has a secure position in web server installations with its popular Lamp application. [15]


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Development of the Linux kernel is still continued by Torvalds, while Stallman heads the Free Software Foundation which supports the development of GNU components.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

In addition, many individuals and companies are developing non-GNU components.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The Linux community combines and distributes kernels, GNU and non-GNU components with package management software in the form of Linux distributions.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Pronunciation In 1992, Torvalds explained how he spelled the word Linux: “'li' is spelled with a short [ee] sound, 'nux' is also short, non-diphthong, as in PuT.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux is just a working name for something, and since I wrote it to replace minix on my system, the result is what it is... linus' minix becomes linux.”


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Torvalds created an audio sample containing the sound of how it was spelled in English and Swedish. [16] [17] However, an interview from the 2001 documentation of Revolution OS indicates that the way it was spelled slightly. [18]


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

In English, many people tend to spell Linux as [ˈlɪnks] or [ˈlɪnəks].


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux design is a modular Unix-type operating system.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux has many designs derived from the basic design of Unix developed in the 1970s to 1980s. Linux uses a monolithic kernel, a Linux kernel that handles process control, networking, peripherals and file system accessing.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Device drivers have been integrated into the kernel.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Many high-level functions in Linux are handled by separate projects that integrate with the kernel.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Userland GNU is an important part of Linux systems that provides a shell and tools that handle many of the basic functions of the operating system.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

On top of the kernel, these tools form a complete Linux system with a usable graphical user interface, generally running on top of the X Window System.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The Linux user interface can be controlled by one or more command-line interfaces (command line interface or CLI) text-based, graphical user interface (graphical user interface or GUI, which is generally the built-in configuration for the desktop version).


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

On desk computers, GNOME, KDE and Xfce are the most popular user interfaces, [19] although there are a number of user interface variants.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The most popular user interfaces run on top of the X Window System (X), which provides network transparency that allows a graphical application to run on top of one machine but is displayed and controlled on another.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Other GUIs have X window managers such as FVWM, Enlightenment, Fluxbox, Icewm and Window Maker.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The window manager provides control for the placement and appearance of individual application windows as well as interaction with the X window system. A Linux system generally provides a command-line interface through a shell, which is the traditional way to interact with a Unix system.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

A Linux distro devoted to server environments might just have the CLI as its only interface.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

A system that does not have a monitor can only be controlled via command line passing protocols such as SSH or telnet.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Most low-level Linux components, including GNU Userland, use CLI exclusively.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

CLI is suitable for use on automation environments of tasks that are repetitive or delayed, and provides very simple inter-process communication.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

A graphical terminal emulator program is often used to access the CLI from a Linux desktop.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Commercial and popular use Development The main difference between Linux and other popular operating systems lies in the Linux kernel and its free and open components.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux is not the only operating system in that category, nevertheless Linux is the best and most used example.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Some license free and open source software based on copyleft principles, a concept that adheres to the principle: works produced from parts of copyleft must also constitute copyleft.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The most common free software license, the GNU GPL, is a form of copyleft, and is used by the Linux kernel and components of the GNU project.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux systems are closely related to POSIX, [20] SUS, [21] ISO and ANSI standards.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

However, the new Linux-FT distribution only received POSIX.1 certification. [22]


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Free software projects, although developed in the form of collaboration, are often released separately.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

However, because free software licenses explicitly allow re-distribution, there are projects that aim to collect the software and make it available at the same time in a form named Linux distributions.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

A Linux distribution, commonly referred to as a “distro”, is a project that aims to organize a collection of Linux-based software and facilitate the installation of a Linux operating system.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux distributions are handled by individuals, teams, volunteer organizations and commercial entities.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux distributions have system software and applications in the form of packages and software specifically designed for system installation and configuration.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The software is also responsible in the update of the package.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

A Linux Distribution is responsible for the built-in configuration, security system and general integration of Linux system software packages.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The Linux community is controlled by its developers and user communities.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Some vendors develop and fund their own distribution on a volunteerism basis.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Debian is a great example.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Others have a community version of its commercial version as Red Hat did with Fedora.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

In many cities and regions, local associations known as Linux Users Groups (Linux Users Group or LUG) promote Linux by holding meetings, demonstrations, training, technical support and free installation of the Linux operating system.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

There are also many Internet communities that provide support to Linux developers and users.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Many open source distribution and software projects have IRC conversation rooms or newsgroups.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Online forums are another form of support, for example: LinuxQuestions.org and Gentoo forums.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux distributions have mailing lists with sharing topics such as usage or development.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

There are several tech websites that focus on Linux.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux Weekly News is a weekly enhancement of Linux-related news.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Meanwhile, Linux Journal is an online Linux magazine released monthly.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Slashdot is a technology-related news website that has a lot of news about Linux and free software.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Groklaw has in-depth news about the progress of Linux and has many articles dealing with the Linux kernel as well as its relationship with GNU in the GNU project.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Printed Linux magazines generally have cover discs that contain software or even complete Linux distributions. [23] [24] Although Linux is generally available for free, some large companies live a business model consisting of sales, support and contributions to Linux and software is free; these include Dell, IBM, HP, Sun Microsystems, Novell, and Red Hat.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The free software license in which Linux is used explicitly accommodates commercialization; the relationship between Linux and individual vendors can be seen as a symbiotic one.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

One common business model of commercial suppliers is to charge for support especially for business users.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

A number of companies offer business versions of their Linux distributions, including support for non-free packages and tools to set up a large number of installations or to facilitate administrative tasks.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Another business model is to give away software for free for hardware sales.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Programming on Linux Most Linux distributions support many programming languages.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

A collection of tools for building applications and operating system programs are commonly contained within the GNU toolchain, which consists of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) and GNU build system.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

GCC provides compilers for Ada, C, C++, Java, and Fortran.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The Linux kernel itself was written to be compilable by GCC.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Unfree (proprietary) compilers for Linux include Intel C++ Compiler and IBM XL C/C++ Compiler.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Most distributions also have support for Perl, Ruby, Python and other dynamic programming languages.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Examples of programming languages that are not common but still receive support in Linux include C# with the Mono project sponsored by Novell, and Scheme.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

A number of Java Virtual Machine and path developer tools on Linux include Sun Microsystems JVM (HotSpot), and IBM's J2SE RE, as well as other open source projects such as Kaffe.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The two main frameworks for graphical application development on Linux are GNOME and KDE.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

These projects are based on GTK+ and Qt.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Both support diverse programming languages.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

For the Integrated development environment there are Anjuta, Code: :Blocks, Eclipse, KDevelop, Lazarus, MonoDevelop, NetBeans, and Omnis Studio, while the long-available text editors are Vim and Emacs. [25]


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Most Linux distributions are designed for general use on desk computers and servers, but there are distributions devoted to different purposes and environments that depend on the support of computer architecture, flawless systems, stability, security, localization to the region or specific languages, specific user groups, real-time application support, or specific desktop environments.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Some distributions even include only free software.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

There are now about three hundred distributions that are actively developed, with about a dozen distributions becoming the most popular for general use. [26]


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux is a widely ported operating system.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The Linux kernel was originally designed only for Intel 80386 microprocessors, now the Linux kernel has made its way across diverse computer architectures including ARM-based iPAQ hand-held devices, IBM System z9 mainframe computers, from mobile telephony equipment to supercomputers. [27]


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

There is a distribution devoted to a small number of architectures.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

ELKS kernel forks can be run on Intel 8086 or Intel 80286 16-bit microprocessors, while µClinux kernel forks can be run over systems that do not have a memory management unit.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Desk computers Although there are still shortcomings in terms of porting Linux for some Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows software for domains such as desktop publishing [28] and professional audio, [29] [30] [31] applications are roughly the same as apps for Mac and Windows it is available on Linux. [32]


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Most Linux distributions provide a program to view a list of thousands of free software that has been tested and configured for a specific distribution.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

These free programs can be downloaded and installed with a click of a mouse and a digital signature guarantees that no one has added viruses or spyware to those programs.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

A lot of free software is popular on Windows such as Pidgin, Mozilla Firefox, OpenOffice.org and GIMP.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The number of paid software on Linux is also growing [33] such as Adobe Flash Player, Acrobat Reader, Matlab, Nero Burning ROM, Opera, RealPlayer, and Skype.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

In animation and visual effects, there is also software on Linux as well as Windows such as AutoDesk Maya, Softimage XSI and Apple Shake.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

CrossOver is a paid software based on Wine's open source project that can run older versions of Microsoft Office and Adobe Photoshop.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Microsoft Office 2007 and Adobe Photoshop CS3 are known to be executable [34] [35] Copyright and trademark Linux kernel and most GNU software uses the GNU General Public License (GPL) as its license base.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The GPL requires that anyone distributing the linux kernel must make the source code (and all modifications over that) available to users with the same criteria.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

In 1997, Linus Torvald stated, “Making Linux GPL based is really the best thing I've ever done.” [36] Other important components in Linux systems are allowed to use licenses other than the GPL; many libraries use the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), a variant of the GPL, a variant of the GPL which is more moderate, and the X Window System system uses the MIT License.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linus Torvald has stated to the general fantasy that he will not move the Linux kernel license that currently uses GPL version 2 to GPL version 3, which was developed in the middle of 2007, arguing that some of the provisions contained in the new license prohibit the use of software in digital rights management (English: Digital rights management). [37] [38] Research conducted in 2001 on Red Hat Linux 7.1 found that the software distro consisted of 30 million lines of code.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Using the constructive cost model algorithm (UK:Constructive Cost Model), the study estimated that the distro took roughly eight thousand years of work to develop.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

According to the study, if all elements of the software were developed in a conventional way in the sense of being closed software, the development of the distro would cost 1.08 billion dollars (2000 dollar exchange rate basis) to develop in United States. [39]


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Most of the code (71%) is written using the C programming language, but many other languages are also involved such as C++, Assembly, Perl, Python, Fortran, and various other script languages.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

More than half of all code is licensed under the auspices of the GPL.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The linux kernel itself consists of 2.4 million lines of code, or about 8% of the overall total. [39]


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Other research resulted in the same analysis of Debian GNU/Linux distro version 4.0. [40]


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The distro consists of more than 283 million lines of code, and the study estimated the required development cost of 5.4 billion euros if developed as a closed linak device.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

In the United States, Linux is a trademark (SN: 1916230) owned by Linus Torvalds.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux is listed as “Computer operating system program for computer use and operation”.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

This trademark was registered after an incident where a counterfeiter named William R Della Croce Jr began sending letters to Linux distributors and claiming the Linux trademark was his right and asking for royalties of 10% of them.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux distributors began pushing for the original trademark to be given to Linus Torvalds.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The licensing of the Linux trademark is now under the supervision of the Linux Mark Institute.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux Distributions There are many Linux distributions (more recognizable as distro) created by individuals, groups, or other agencies.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Each of them is included with a system program and an additional application program, in addition to including a program that installs the entire system on the computer (program installer).


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The core in every Linux distribution is the kernel, the collection of programs from the GNU project (or any other project), the shell (shell), and the rules of utilities such as libraries (libraries), compilers, and editors.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Most systems also include rules and utilities that are non-GNU.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

In any case, those utilities are separable and Unix-style systems are still available.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Some examples are the aturcara and utility of the BSD and the X-Graphic system (X-Window System).


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

X provides a graphical interface (GUI) common to Linux.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Examples of Linux distributions: Ubuntu and its derivatives: Sabily (Ubuntu Muslim Edition), Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Edubuntu, GoBuntu, Gnewsense, OpenSUSE Fedora BackTrack Mandriva Slackware Debian PCLinuxOS Knoppix Xandros Sabayon CentOS Red Hat ClearOS Chrome OS Gentoo Linux operating system applications Linux users, who generally install and conduct their own configuration of the system, are more likely to understand the technology than users of Microsoft Windows or Mac OS.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

They are often called hackers or geeks.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

But this stereotype is diminishing with the increase in the user-friendly nature of Linux and the wider user breadth of the distribution.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux has made quite good achievements in the market of server computers and special-purpose computers, such as image rendering engines and web servers.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux is also gaining popularity within the desktop computer market.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux is the principle for a combination of LAMP servers, short for Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

LAMP has achieved wide popularity among Web developers.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux is also often used as an embeded operating system.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The cheap cost of procurement of Linux allows its use in equipment such as symputers, that is, low-cost computers aimed at low-income residents in developing countries.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

With desktop environments such as KDE and GNOME, Linux offers a user interface that more resembles an Apple Macintosh or Microsoft Windows than a Unix-like text line interface.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Therefore, more graphing programs can be encountered on Linux that offer the full range of functions that exist on commercial utilities.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Market and ease of use Currently, linux which was originally only an operating system used by computer enthusiasts, has become a more user-friendly system, equipped with a graphical interface and the availability of a wide range of applications more similar to any other operating system, than just as limited as command-line Unix.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

But this impression has raised a lot of criticism, including from Linux supporters.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

They argue that Linux and free program projects still do not achieve a satisfactory “ease in usage” factor.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The issue of the ease of Linux over Windows or Macintosh is still an issue of heated debate.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The Linux market in the desk computer segment is still smaller but growing.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

According to the IDC Market Inquiry Institute, the big Linux market in 2002 was 25% in the server segment, and 2.8% in there were various studies conducted limited to the cost and ease of Linux.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Relevantive (a Berlin-based institution, specializing in research institutes on program easyness, as well as web servicing) has made the conclusion that Linux in work using a desk computer is about the same as Windows XP.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

However, a study by IDC (which is financed by Microsoft) claims that Linux has a higher cost of ownership (Total Cost of Ownership) than Windows.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux is also often criticized for its unfathomable development schedule.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Directly, led to linux usage interest in the Enterprise user layer smaller than other operating systems (Source:Marcinkowski, 2003).


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Besides, the wide variety of Linux distribution options is also said to confuse both the consumer, and the vendor of the program.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Installation The difficult Linux installation process is often a hindrance for new users, but this process has now become easier.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

With the acceptance of Linux by some large personal computer manufacturers, installed (built up) computers with ready-made Linux distributions are currently widely available.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

In addition, there are also Linux distributions that can be run (boot) directly from optical discs (CDs) without the need to be installed onto hard discs (hard disks); this is known as Live CD.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Examples of distributions in Live CD form are Knoppix/Gnoppix, Kubuntu/Ubuntu and Gentoo.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Today almost all Linux distributions provide Live CD versions for their products.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

ISO images for optical discs for such Linux distributions can usually be downloaded from the Internet, burned to CD, and can subsequently be used as a CD ready for the boot process.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Even ISO images for some distro can be run directly without the need to burn into a CD/DVD.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

A Linux installation is also a suite installation, which is where the installer automatically installs standard programs, such as MP3 players, Office Suite, and image processors.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Configuring Linux settings and applications above them is done through text files in the /et directory. In later developments, utilities such as Linuxconf and GNOME System Tools make this work easier through graphical interfaces.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Nevertheless, the command line remains the most commonly used way.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Support for Linux is usually obtained through peers (in this context, meaning Linux/KPLI user groups) - other Linux users in internet forums, IRC, newsgroups and mailing lists.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux User Groups (LUG, Linux User Groups) have been established worldwide to help local users, new users, and experienced users.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

In Indonesia this group is incorporated in regional KPLI such as,,, and many others.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Assistance includes installation, use, procurement and promoting Linux system development.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Official Linux support in Indonesia can be obtained in or or commercial support for Linux distributions in general using business models by providing technical support.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Third-party support is also readily available.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Scale of Linux development effort A study (More Than a Gigabuck: Estimating GNU/Linux's Size [2]) Against Red Hat Linux 7.1 found that this distribution contained 30 million lines of source code (''source lines of code (SLOC)”).


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Using the COCOMO cost model this study shows that this distribution takes as much as 8000 years of development, if the software is developed in a conventional proprietary way.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

And it will spend about 1.08 billion dollars (year 2000 dollars) to develop in the United States.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The majority of the code (71%) is written in C, however many other languages are used, including C++ shell scripts, Lisp, assembly language, Perl, Fortran and Python.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

About half of its code is licensed under the GPL.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The Linux kernel contains 2.4 million lines of code, or about 8% of the total code used in a distribution/distro.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

This indicates that the majority of Linux distributions consist of code not contained in the Linux Kernel.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

GNU's “GNU/Linux” stands for GNu's Not Unix.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Due to the utiliti-utility of the GNU free operating system project - without this a Linux system would not resemble a Unix system in the user's perspective - Richard Stallman of GNU/FSF begged that the combination of systems (the GNU project and the Linux kernel), be referred to as “GNU/Linux”.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Users of Linux distributions of Debian projects are more likely to use the name.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Most users are easier to use the term “Linux”.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Statute Action (Litigation) By March 2003 the SCO Group (SCOG - SCO Group) had issued a lawsuit against IBM claiming that IBM had incorporated most of SCOG's proprietary intellectual material (source code) into the Linux kernel, whereas this was a violation of IBM's license to use UNIX.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

It is mentioned that the license is held by the SCO Group.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

In addition, the SCO Group has also sent letters to several agencies and gave threats about the use of Linux without a license from the SCO group will receive action from them.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

The SCO group also issued a statement on mass media that it would be suing Linux users henceforth.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

This controversy has earned several censures by the SCO Group against Novell, DaimlerChrysler, and AutoZone, in addition to a counter-lawsuit by Red Hat and other parties against SCOG.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

See also UNIX List of popular Linux utilities Linux Distributions and Live CD Linux Documentation Projects Linux Open Tooling Drivers WINE — Compatibility layer with Microsoft Windows for Unix/Linux systems The origin of Computer Terms Linux Workshop Project Reference Additional reading Glyn Moody: Rebel Code: Linux and the Open Source Revolution, Perseus Publishing, ISBN 0-7139-9520-3 Gedda Reference Materials.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

R. (2004).


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux breaks desktop barrier in 2004: Torvalds.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Retrieved January 16, 2004 from Mackenzie, K. (2004).


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux Torvalds Q&A. Retrieved January 19, 2004 from Marcinkowski, A. (2003).


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Linux needs reconsideration.


Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

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Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

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Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

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Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

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Question: who created the Kernel?

Linux

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. (in English) Category:Variants UNIX Category:Computer Platforms


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

Surah ar-Ra'd (Arabic:الرح عد, ar-Ra'd, “Guruh”) is the 13th surah in the Qur'an. This surah consists of 43 verses and includes the Makkiyah surah group.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

Surah is called Ar-Ra'd which means Thunder (Thunder) because in verse 13 Allah said the meaning... and the thunder was tasbih while praising Him, showing the sanctity and perfection of Allah SWT, and again in accordance with the nature of the Koran which contains threats and hopes, so even the sound of thunder caused anxiety and hope to people.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

The most important content of this surah is that God's guidance to His creatures is closely related to the law of cause and effect.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

For Allah SWT there is no choice of love in setting punishment.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

Recompense or punishment is the result and obedience or desire to God's law.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

Translation by the name of Allah the Merciful, the Merciful.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

Alif Laam Miim Raa, These are the verses of the Book, that what is sent to you, which comes from your Lord, is the Truth; but most of humanity do not believe.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:1) So know that Allah who exalts the heavens without poles as you see, who lives in Arsy, and who controls the sun and the moon, each moves until a certain time. He is the one who governs all affairs, who conveys various verses so that it may You believe in a meeting with your Lord; and He is the Lord who spread the earth, and made mountains and rivers there; and provided there, various fruits in pairs, Allah spread the night unto day, that in this case there is Evidence- Evidence bodes for the thinking people.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:2-3) That in this earth there are adjoining parts, as well as vineyards, as well as fields, as well as branched or unbranched date palms, are watered with similar water; We overestimate some of these plants than some others about sense; Know that in this case there are proofs of signs for the thinking people.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:4) And if there were any things you astonished, then the astonishment was the saying of the people: “If we had become dust, would we really be a new creation?”


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

Those people have disbelieved against their Lord; and they are a party of Hell's inhabitants, and they may be there forever.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:5) They demand thee that the chastisement may be hastened rather than good, whereas there have been various miscellaneous chastisement before them; surely your Lord has granted the use of mankind even for those who prevail arbitrarily, that your Lord is indeed granting the use of mankind even for those who prevail arbitrarily, that your Lord is indeed act violently in punishing.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:6) Those who disbelieve say, “Why is it not presented to him a miracle from his Lord?”


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

know that you are only a warner; that for every people there is a guiding figure.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:7) Allah knows what is conceived by every woman, and the content of the uterus that decreases or increases, that all things have a certain calculation on her side, that she is the Knower of all unseen things and things appear. Sublime; so that all the same, whether you keep your speech secret, and you speak frankly, whether you hide at night or walk by day.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:8-10) In a man there are angels before and behind him who follow in turn. They follow that person at the command of Allah. Indeed Allah does not change the state of a people until the people change something that is in themselves Himself, when Allah wills evil against a people, there is no one who can cause themselves against it, that there is no protector for that people except Him. (Verse:11) It is He who shows you lightning to cause trepidation and hope, and He is the one who forms a dense cloud; and the thunder glorifies Him, so are the angels for trepidation; and He is the one who releases the lightning, then inflicts the thing that to whom He wills, but the people argue about Allah, while He is the Most Powerful in Torturing.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:12-13) To Allah, a true prayer, while all things they cry apart from Allah, can make nothing for them, as if the man who opens his palms into the water so that it may reach his mouth when it does not reach his mouth, that the prayer of the group The disbelievers are none other than perversion; all things in the heavens or the earth are subject to Allah, either voluntarily or forced, as well as their shadows at dawn and evening.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:14-15) Say, “Who is the Lord of the heavens and the earth?”


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

“Allah” Say, “Do you want any protectors besides Him, whom they can bring no benefit or harm to themselves?”


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

Say: 'What is blind than he who sees? Or is darkness compared to bright light? Do they want allies against God whose allies are able to create something similar to His creation so that the two creations are similar to them?”


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

Say, “Allah is the Creator of all things. He is the Only Lord, the Mighty.”


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

It is he who sent the water from the heavens, so the waters flow in the valleys based on certain calculations, thus giving rise to the floating froth, and so do the things they melt in the hearth to form jewellery or tools, which also froth.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

Thus God made the parable of the Truth with Futility, as for the froth will disappear unscarred, while it is beneficial to mankind it persists on earth, so God makes parables.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:16-17) Goodness is provided for those who respect their Lord, while those who do not respect Him, if they had all things on the earth plus such things, they would like to redeem themselves for such , so are those who receive a bad calculation that the final place for these people is Hell, as the worst dwelling; is there anyone who knows that what is sent to you, which comes from your Lord, is the Truth, equal to the blind? that a group of good understanding who can receive appeals, those who keep God's covenant and do not violate the covenant, nor those who connect things commanded by Allah, and those who are averse to their Lord as they may worrying about bad calculations, as well as those who hope for their Lord's guidance, as well as those who establish prayer and set aside some of what We have rewarded for them, whether hidden or visible, and those who avenge evil with kindness, that such is the place of eternal end for them, that is Heaven 'Adin which they enter together with their fathers, their wives, and their well-behaved offspring, while angels are present to their places through all the gates:” Welfare for you for your patience” is really how pleasing the place of immortality is.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:18-24) That those who betray the promise of Allah after being confirmed, and ruining the things that Allah commands to be connected, and those who have messed up on the earth, the curse is also the worst dwelling provided for the party.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:25) Allah rewards their livelihood and limits it to whomever He wills, while those people are satisfied with the life of the world, whereas the life of the world than the Hereafter is a mere entertainment.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:26) The disbelievers say: Why did not the miracle of his Lord have sent him?


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

Say: “Allah actually offers those whom He wills, and He guides those who side with Him.” Those who believe, then they feel calm when remembering Allah, remember, in remembrance of Allah, the people who are quiet. Believing and making various virtues have been provided for them, happiness and good life achievement.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

Thus, We have sent yourselves to a people preceded by several peoples, so that you may recite to them about the things We revealed to yourselves when they disbelieve against the Lord, the Most Compassionate, Say, “He is my Lord, there is no God Besides Him, only in Him, I put trust and only in Him, I repent.”


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:27-30) And if there was indeed a recitation which could move the mountains, or by which it could divide the earth, or by which the dead could speak; that all things were by Allah's permission, then would not the believers know If Allah had willed He would have guided all mankind, while the disbelievers continued to have misfortune due to their own deeds, or that misfortune shaded their dwellings until Allah's promise was accomplished, Allah would not have broken the Pledge.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:31) That he was scorned, some Messengers before you, so that I gave a suspension against the disbelievers, and then I put them on them, and I will be painful!


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

So is it not God who preserves every soul against the things it makes? But those are willed to Allah's allies, Say, “Name who they are, or do you want to explain to Him about what He knows nothing on earth? Or do you say only to appear that the disbelievers are lulled by their own plans, and they are hindered against the Provision, know that whoever Allah has brought forth, there is no one who can be a guide, the chastisement befalls those people In the life of this world, that the Torment of the Hereafter is more terrible, so that there is no protector for them against Allah.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:32-34) The parable of Paradise promised for the taqwa group is a place where rivers flow below, enjoying unending in shady shade, such is the end for the righteous, while the end of the disbelievers is Hell.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:35) Those whom We have given the Book to them feel rejoicing in what is sent to you, while there are streams that refute some of it, Say: 'I am only ruled to serve Allah, so that I may not to associate anything against Him, that to Him, I call, and to Him, I return home.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:36) And thus, We have sent the Quran as an Arabic Law, if you obey their inclinations after the knowledge has been conveyed to you, then there is no protector or shield for you against God. We gave wives and offspring for them, that it was not the authority of an Apostle to deliver a verse but through the permission of Allah, at every time there was a certain Book.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:37-38) Allah removes what He wants, as well as in decreeing that there is the Mother of the Book.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:39) And if We show you about some of what We threaten them or We take you away, know that your obligation is conveyance, while We are reckoning.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:40) And did they not notice that We had come to various areas, then We subtracted the area from the edges? And Allah has decreed that no one is able to resist His decree; and He is the Most Careful in Reckoning.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:41) And indeed those who disbelieved before them had made a plot, but all these things are in the power of Allah. He knows the things that every self seeks, indeed the disbelievers will know for whom the place of eternity is.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Verse:42) Those who disbelieve say, “You are not a Messenger.” Say, 'Allah is sufficient as a Witness between myself and you, and those who master the knowledge of the Scriptures.


Question: what does Surah Ar-Ra'd mean?

Surah ar-Ra'd

(Ayat:43) Reference Mukaddimah Al Qur'an translated version of the Department of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Tanah Datar Regency is one of the districts located within the province of West Sumatra, Indonesia, with the capital city of Batusangkar.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

The regency is the second smallest district for its area in West Sumatra, which is 133,600 Ha (1,336 km2).


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

The total population in this district based on census in 2006 is 345,383 inhabitants inhabiting 14 sub-districts, 75 nagari, and 395 jorong.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Tanah Datar Regency is an agricultural area, over 70% of its population works in the agricultural sector, both food crops agriculture, plantations, fisheries, and animal husbandry.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Tanah Datar Regency is the Seven Best Regency in Indonesia out of 400 existing districts.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

The award was presented in 2003 by the Institution International Partnership and the British Embassy.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

The Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) crowned Tanah Datar Regency as one of the four most outstanding regions and successfully implemented regional autonomy [1].


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Luhak Nan Tigo, another name of Tanah Datar Regency, today in Tanah Datar Regency there are still many historical relics such as inscriptions or lettered stones, especially relics of the Adityawarman era.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Geography Geographically the area of Tanah Datar Regency is located in the middle of West Sumatra Province, namely at 00º17" LS - 00º39" LS and 100º19" BT — 100º51" BT [2].


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

The average elevation is 400 to 1000 meters above sea level.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

The boundaries of Tanah Datar Regency has borders with several districts/cities in West Sumatra, namely: Topography Tanah Datar Regency is located between two mountains, namely Mount Merapi and Mount Singgalang.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

These topographical conditions are dominated by hilly areas, as well as having a two-thirds section of Singkarak lake.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

The topographical conditions of Tanah Datar Regency are as follows: Flat Area 0— 3% with an area of 6,189 Ha or 6.63% from outside the area of Flat Land Regency Wavy Region 3— 8% with an area of 3,594 Ha or 2.67% from outside the area of Flat Tanah Regency Wavy Region 8-15% with an area of 43,922 Ha or 32.93% of the area of Tanah Datar Regency Slope above 15% with an area of 79.895 Ha or 59.77% of the area of Tanah Datar Regency Climate In general the climate in Tanah Datar Regency is temperate with temperatures between 12°C—25°C with an average rainfall of more than 3,000mm per year.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Rains mostly fall in September to February.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

This sufficiently high rainfall led to sufficient water availability, thus allowing widespread agricultural businesses to be developed.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Hydrology Tanah Datar Regency is a rich area with water sources.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

In addition to Singkarak Lake, in Tanah Datar Regency there are more than 25 rivers.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Coat of arms of Regency Meaning Coat of arms of Tanah Flat Regency in the form of a five-windowed shield in it: Words Land Flat Hall custom five-windowed four-windowed four-storey mosque dome 17 Sprigs of rice grained 17 Sprigs of cotton fruited eight A keris A strand of ribbon with the words as a motto Definition of the shape of the shape of the rectangular shield, symbolizing that Tanah Datar Regency area is one of the Regencies in West Sumatra, as part of the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila and the 1945 Basic Law.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Definition from the corner of the picture/painting of the traditional hall of Gobong five traditional Hall symbolizes the place of residence, the place of giving birth to the natural philosophy of mind typical of Tanah Datar people known as the democratic system according to the flow and proper, as a symbol of consequences in implementing democracy.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

The roof of the traditional hall curved like a tapered buffalo horn towering upwards is a typical building art style of Tanah Datar that symbolizes the dynamic nature of society, working to do and aspire sublime for happiness with the traditional hall roof with five gomps, one mumps on The front and four gomps on the sides curved like tapered buffalo horns towering upwards is a typical Tanah Datar building art style that symbolizes the dynamic nature of society, working to do and aspire sublimely to happiness together.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

The multi-storey, vaulted, voluminous and straight up mosque symbolizes the religion of the majority of Tanah Datar people is Islam, in forming a holy and virtuous soul.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Gongonjong and vaulted Mosque The multi-storey, vaulted, flanged, and straight up symbolizes the religion of the majority of Tanah Datar people is Islam, in forming a holy and virtuous soul.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Rice and cotton paddy and cotton symbolize the ideals of Tanah Datar community towards a fair and prosperous life that diridhoi Allah SWT.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Keris heirloom Keris heirloom symbolizes the unity of the people of Tanah Datar patriots who love peace harmony and always nurture his self-esteem.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Definition of color Definition of the color on the coat of arms, White means holy contained in the dome of the mosque, the letter beams with Flat Land, cotton, ribbon where the motto, and the color of the outer edge of the shield.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Yellow means greatness of the soul of society.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

There is on the base of the shield.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

This color is the typical color of Tanah Datar Luhak Nan Tuo.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Yellow gold means majesty, contained on the walls of the traditional hall, the foot of the traditional hall, paddy, and keris.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Black means resistant to the test, contained on the roof of the gonjong, the writing Tuah Agreed Groove and Deserve.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Green means peace of the soul, containing the hope of a better future.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

There are cotton leaves and the basic color of Tanah Flat.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Red means courage upholding truth and justice.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

The color of the lettering beam Tuah Agrees Flow and Deserve.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Understanding and meaning of motto Next there is also a strand of ribbon that says moto/motto Tuah Agreed Groove and Deserve.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

The meaning is unanimous in taking the word, always leaning on the groove and worthy.


Question: What is the area of Tanah Datar Regency?

Tanah Datar District

Personal interests are valued within limits as long as they do not conflict with common interests based on groove and proper.