Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Fortunately, the emperor managed to handle it.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

He required that the leaders of the crusade swear that on their way to the Holy Land, they should cede the territories or cities they had conquered from the Turks to the Eastern Romans.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In exchange, Alexios would provide them with guides, food supplies, and military escorts. [73]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Thanks to that oath, Alexios managed to regain control of important cities and islands, and even much of western Asia Minor.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Unfortunately, the crusaders believed their oath was already out of force when Alexios did not assist them in the siege of Antioch (he had actually prepared the way to Antioch, but Stephen of Blois convinced him to retreat.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

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Stephen assured him that the expedition had failed). [74]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Bohemund, who established himself as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war against the Eastern Romans, but eventually agreed to become Eastern Roman vassal in the Devol Tractate of 1108.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Thanks to the tracts, Norman's threat was successfully quelled. [75]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Ioannes II, Manouel I, and the Second Crusade of Alexios' son, Ioannes II Komnenos, succeeded him in 1118, and ruled until 1143.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Ioannes was a soleh and dedicated emperor, who wanted to repair the damage caused by the Battle of Manzikert. [76]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

He was renowned for his piety and his period of gentle and just power.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Ioannes is an example of a moral leader, in a time when cruelty was the norm. [77]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Thus, he was nicknamed as the Byzantine Marcus Aurelius.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

During his time of power, Ioannes allied himself with the Holy Roman Empire in the West, defeating the Pecheneg in the Battle of Beroia, [78] as well as leading military campaigns against the Turk Nation in Asia Minor.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Ioannes' military campaign changed the balance of forces in the east, forcing the Turks to take defensive positions, as well as recapture Eastern Roman cities in Anatolia. [79]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

He also succeeded in repelling Hungarian and Serbian attacks in the 1120s. In 1130, Ioannes allied himself with the German emperor Lothair III.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

They jointly fought against the Norman king, Roger II of Sicily. [80]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the final days of his power, Ioannes concentrated his activities in the East.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

He defeated the Danishmend emirate, reconquered all of Cilicia, and forced Raymond of Poitiers, Prince of Antioch, to recognize Eastern Roman power.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In an attempt to demonstrate the Eastern Roman role as a leader in the Christian world, Ioannes advanced to the Holy Land.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

His hopes were pupussized because of the treachery of his crusader allies. [81]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In 1142, Ioannes re-emphasized his claim to Antioch, but he died in 1143 as a result of a hunting incident.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Raymond ventured to invade Cilicia, but failed and was forced to go to Constantinople to beg for the mercy of the new emperor. [82] JMPL|left|300px|Eastern Roman Empire (color purple) of 1180, at the end of the Komnenos period.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Manouel I Komnenos, the fourth son of Ioannes, was elected successor to the imperial throne.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

He waged a military campaign against his neighbours to the west and east.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In Palestine, he allied himself with the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and sent a large fleet to take part in the invasion of Fatimiyyah Egypt.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Manouel solidified his position as maharaja of the Crusader states.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

His hegemony of Antioch and Jerusalem was ensured through consent with Raynald, Prince of Antioch, and Amalric, King of Jerusalem. [83]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In an attempt to restore Eastern Roman power in the ports of Southern Italy, Manouel sent an expedition to Italy of 1155, but a dispute with the coalition resulted in the failure of this military campaign.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Despite this, Manouel's armed forces successfully overran the Kingdom of Hungary in 1167.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Hungarian army can be defeated in the Battle of Sirmium.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

By 1168, almost the entire eastern Adriatic coast was in Manouel's hands. [84]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Manouel then allied himself with the Pope and the Western Christian kingdoms.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

At the time of the Second Crusade, crusaders had to pass through Eastern Roman territory to reach the holy land.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Manouel let them through, and made sure the crusaders didn't cause chaos. [85]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the east, Manouel suffered a defeat in the Battle of Myriokephalon of 1176.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

However, the defeat was soon corrected.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the following year, Manouel successfully defeated the Turkish army. [86]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Roman commander Ioannes Vatatzes, who crushed the Turkish attackers in the Battles of Hyelion and Leimocheir, not only brought troops from the capital, but also managed to gather an army en route.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

This was a sign that the Eastern Roman army remained strong and the defense program in western Asia Minor was still successful. [87]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The twelfth-century renaissance Ioannes and Manouel implemented an active military policy, and made use of existing resources for city defense or siege.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Aggressive fortification policies constitute their military policy. [88]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Despite the defeat at Myriokephalon, the policies of Alexios, Ioannes, and Manouel, succeeded in expanding imperial territory, achieving frontier stability in Asia Minor, as well as securing the empire's European borders.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

From 1081 to 1180, the armed forces of Komnenos guaranteed the security of Eastern Romans, so that Eastern Roman civilization had a chance to flourish. [89]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Western provinces were able to achieve an economic revival.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

During the twelfth century, the number of inhabitants and agricultural land increased.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Archaeological evidence from Europe and Asia Minor suggests an enlargement of the town's settlements


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

At this time, trade also flourished. [90]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the artistic sphere, there appeared a renaissance within the field of mosaics.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Regional schools of architecture began producing many new styles derived from various cultural influences. [91]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

During the twelfth century, models of early humanism emerged as a renaissance of interest in classical writers. [92]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The decline and disintegration of the Angeloi Dynasty Manouel died on 24 September 1180.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

He was succeeded by his eleven-year-old son, Alexios II Komnenos.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Alexios II was woefully incompetent.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

His reign was less favoured because of the Franka background of his mother, Mary of Antioch. [93]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Eventually, Andronikos I Komnenos, Alexios I's grandson, inflamed a rebellion against his brother and managed to bring him down in a coup.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

He staged a march on Constantinople in August 1182 taking advantage of his popularity in the armed forces.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Next Andronikos initiated the massacre of the Latins. [94]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

After finishing off his enemies, he declared himself emperor in September 1183.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Andronikos uprooted Alexios II's life and deprived Alexios' 12-year-old wife Agnes of France. [94]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Andronikos started his reign well.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The reform of government he launched was praised by historic-historians.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

According to George Ostrogorsky, Andronikos was dedicated to root out corruption down to its roots.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Under his authority, the sale of positions was halted.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The selection of officials is based on merit, not on compassionate choosing.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Officials were given a decent wage so that bribery practices could be reduced. [95]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The aristocrats were furious with him.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Meanwhile, Andronikos' behaviour was also seen as unfavorable.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Death sentences and violence often occur, so his time of power became a regime of terror. [96]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Andronikos seeks to finish off the aristocracy.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The struggle against the aristocracy turned into a massacre, while the emperor waged more cruel measures to prop up his regime. [95]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Despite his military background, Andronikos was unable to resist Isaakius Komnenos of Cyprus, Béla III of Hungary who annexed Croatian territories, and Stefan Nemanja of Serbia who declared independence from Eastern Roman.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Things got worse when William II of Sicily invaded the Eastern Romans with a war force of 300 ships and 80,000 soldiers in 1185. [97]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Andronikos mobilized a small fleet of 100 ships to protect the capital.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

These attackers can only be expelled during the reign of the next emperor, Isaakius Angelos.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

For the support of the people, Andronikos was eventually dropped by Isaakius Angelos. [98]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The emperor who had been dropped attempted to flee with his wife, but was captured.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Isaakius handed it over to the mob for three days.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

After assorted tortures, Andronikos was finally killed on 12 September 1185.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

He was a member of the last Komnenos Dynasty to control Constantinople.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Isaakius Angelos of the Angeloi Dynasty succeeded him as emperor.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

During the reign of Isaakius II, as well as that of his successor Alexios III Angelos, Eastern Roman rule and defenses began to crumble.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Although the Norman was successfully expelled from Greece, in 1186 the Vlach and Bulgar waged a rebellion that culminated to the founding of the Second Bulgarian Empire.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Angeloi's domestic policy characterizes waste of public property and fiscal maladministration.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Eastern Roman rule continued to weaken, and a growing power vacuum in the empire triggered divisions.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

One proof is when some of Komnenos's successors established a semi-independent state in Trebizond before 1204. [99]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

According to Alexander Vasiliev, “the Angeloi dynasty hastened the empire's collapse. “[100]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Fourth Crusade In 1198, Pope Innocensius III began talks on a new crusade through legatus and encyclical letters. [101]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The goal of the crusade was to conquer Egypt, which was the center of Muslim power in the Levant.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Crusaders who arrived in Venice in the summer of 1202 were smaller in number than anticipated.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Nor did they have sufficient funds to hire a Venetian fleet.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In exchange for payment, the Crusaders agreed to help seize the (Christian) port of Zara in Dalmatia (Venetian vassal city, but rebelled and protected by Hungary in 1186). [102]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Zara was successfully captured in November 1202 after a short siege. [103]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Innocensius, who had been informed of the plan but his opposition ignored, did not want to jeopardize the plans of the Crusades, so he granted a conditional pardon to the Crusaders, but Venice did not get it. [104]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

After Theobald III died, the Crusader leadership changed hands to Bonifacius of Montferrat, a friend of Philip of Swabia.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Both Boniface and Philip had married members of the Eastern Roman imperial family.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Philip's brother-in-law, Alexios Angelos (son of Emperor Isaakius II Angelos, who had been put down and blinded), pleaded for help to Europe and had been in contact with the Crusaders.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Alexios offered the reunification of the Eastern Romanesque church with Rome, payment of 200,000 silver marks, and other favors. [105]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Innocensius knew of plans to divert the Crusade to Constantinople and forbid an attack on the city, but the new pope's letter arrived after the fleet had left Zara.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Crusaders arrived in Constantinople in the summer of 1203.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Alexios III fled the capital.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Alexios Angelos ascended the throne as Alexios IV along with his blind father, Isaakius.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Unfortunately, Alexios IV and Isaakius II were unable to keep their promises and were dropped by Alexios V. The crusaders took Constantinople on 13 April 1204.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Constantinople was then looted for three days.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Many icons, reliquaries, and other objects in Constantinople, were transported to Western Europe.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

According to Choniates, prostitution was established on the patriarch's throne. [106]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

As Innosensius III heard of the behavior of the Crusaders, he was about to punish them, but the situation was out of control, especially after his legates, who on his own initiative, relieved the Crusaders from their duty to conquer the Holy Land. [63] [104] When the rule had been restored, the Crusaders and Venetians decreed their assent: Baldwin of Flandria was chosen as emperor and Thomas Morosini of Venice was appointed patriarch.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

So stood the Latin Empire in Constantinople.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Meanwhile, Eastern Roman refugees established their own states, with the most important being the Empire of Nicea, the Empire of Trebizond, and the Prosperity of Epirus. [104]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The fall of the Eastern Roman Empire in its banishment After the Crusaders plundered Constantinople of 1204, two Eastern Roman states stood up: the Empire of Nicea and the Prosperity of Epirus.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

A third state, the Empire of Trebizond, was founded by Alexios I of Trebizond a few weeks before the plundering of Constantinople.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Among these three countries, Epirus and Nicea were the countries most likely to recapture Constantinople.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Empire of Nicea continued to struggle to stay afloat, and by the mid-13th century had lost much of its territory in southern Anatolia. [107]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The weakening of the Sultanate of Rûm due to the attacks of the Mongols of 1242—43 allowed the beylik and ghazi to establish their own principalities in Anatolia, thus weakening Eastern Roman power in Asia Minor. [108]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

However, the Mongol invasion also gave time for Nicea to turn its attention to the Latin Empire.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The reconquest of Constantinople The Empire of Nicea succeeded in recapturing Constantinople from the Latins of 1261.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Subsequently, they also managed to defeat Epirus.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

So Eastern Roman was successfully restored under the leadership of Michael VIII Palaiologos.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

However, the empire torn apart by war is now vulnerable to the enemies around it.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

To strengthen his army in warfare against the Latin Empire, Michael withdrew troops from Asia Minor, and levied high taxes from peasants, resulting in resentment. [109]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Massive building projects were waged in Constantinople to repair the damage caused by the Fourth Crusade, but none of these ventures benefited peasants in Asia Minor, who suffered as a result of the ghazi-ghazi attacks.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Michael chose to expand the empire's territory rather than keep its colonies in Asia Minor.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

To prevent another plunder, he forced the church to submit to Rome, which became a temporary solution. [110]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Subsequently, Emperor Andronikos II, then his grandson Emperor Andronikos III, attempted to resurrect the empire, but Andronikos II's hired mercenaries often backfired. [111]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The rise of the Ottomans and the fall of Constantinople The situation got worse after Andronikos III died.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Civil war for six years raged in the empire, and the earthquake at Gallipoli of 1354 destroyed the fortifications, so that the Ottomans (hired as mercenaries during the civil war by Ioannes VI Kantakouzenos) could strengthen their position in Europe. [112]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

As the civil war had ended, the Ottomans had defeated the Serbs and subjugated them as vassals.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

After the Battle of Kosovo, most of the Balkans had been dominated by the Ottomans. [113]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The emperor begged for help from the west, but the pope would only send aid if the Eastern Orthodox Church was willing to reunite with the Holy See.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Unification of the churches had been envisaged, and sometimes carried out through imperial edicts, but the inhabitants and the Orthodox clergy resented the authority of Rome and the Latin Rite. [114]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Several Western armies came and strengthened the defenses of Constantinople, but most Western rulers, preoccupied with their respective affairs, did nothing when the Ottomans annexed one by one the rest of the Eastern Roman territories. [115]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

On 2 April 1453, Sultan Mehmed II with an army numbering 80,000 besieged Constantinople. [116]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Constantinople finally fell into Ottoman hands on 29 May 1453.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The last Eastern Roman emperor, Constantine XI Palaiologos, was seen taking off his oversized sign and engaging himself in battle after the city walls were seized. [117]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Post-collapse Eastern Roman Mehmed II conquered the small states of Mistra, Greece, in 1460, and Trebizond in 1461.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

By the end of the 15th century, the Ottoman Sultanate had taken control of Asia Minor and parts of the Balkans.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Meanwhile, the Principality of Donau received Orthodox displacements and Eastern Roman nobles.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The last emperor's nephew, Andreas Palaiologos, inherited the title of Eastern Roman Emperor and used it from 1465 until his death in 1503. [14]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Subsequently, the emperor's role as patron of the Eastern Orthodox was claimed by Ivan III, Grand Duke of Mokswa.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

He had married Andreas' brother, Sophia Paleologue.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

His grandson, Ivan IV, would become the first Tsar of Russia (tsar, or czar, means caesar, is the term the Slavs formerly used for Eastern Roman Emperors).


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Their successors supported the idea that Moscow was the successor to Rome and Constantinople.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The idea that the Russian Empire was the Third Rome remained alive until the eruption of the Russian Revolution of 1917. [118]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The economy of the Eastern Roman Economy was one of the most advanced in Europe and the Mediterranean for centuries.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Europe was unable to match the economic power of the Eastern Romans until late medieval times.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Constantinople was a major centre in a trade network covering almost all of Eurasia and North Africa.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The city also became one of the main cities within the silk road.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Some experts state that, until the coming of the Arabs in the seventh century, the Eastern Roman economy was the strongest in the world.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Arab conquests led to setbacks and stagnances.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Reformation of Constantine V (765) marked the beginning of an economic recovery that lasted until 1204.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

From the tenth century to the end of the twelfth century, the Eastern Roman Empire projected an image of luxury, and travelers were amazed by the wealth in Constantinople.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Everything changed at the time of the Fourth Crusade, which brought economic disaster. [119]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Palaiologos tried to restore the economy, but the late Eastern Roman state would not acquire full power over domestic and foreign economic powers.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Slowly, Eastern Romans also lost their influence in trade modalities and price mechanisms, and also power over the flow of precious metals, and even, according to some experts, against the minting of coins. [120]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

One of the foundations of the empire's economy was trade.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Textiles are the most important export commodity. [121]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The state strictly controlled internal and international trade, as well as having monopoly rights in issuing coins.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The government regulates the interest rate, and sets the parameters of the activity of unions and trading companies, which are subject to special interest.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The emperor and his officials intervened in times of crisis to guarantee the provision of capital and safeguard the price of cereals.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The government collects surplus proceeds through tax collection, and returns them in circulation through redistribution in the form of salaries to state officials, or in the form of investment of public facilities. [122]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Reign In Eastern Roman, the emperor was the sole and absolute ruler.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

His power is considered to have a divine origin. [14]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Senate has no real political and legislative authority, but still as an honorary council.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

At the end of the 8th century, a centralized civil administration in the palace was formed as part of the consolidation of power in the capital (the rise of the position of sakellarios corresponded with this change). [123]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The most important reform in this period was the establishment of themes.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

On themes, civil and military governments are governed by one person, namely strategos. [14]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The titular system and preemptive rights in the empire resulted in government seeming like a bureaucracy to modern observers.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The officials were arranged in a strict arrangement among the emperors, and their posts depended on the will of the emperor.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In Eastern Roman there was actual administrative work, but government could be hung on certain people rather than an essence. [124]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the 8th and 9th centuries, the state staffing was the fastest path to aristocratic status, but since the 9th century, the civil aristocracy was rivaled by the aristocracy of nobility.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

According to some studies, 11th century politics was dominated by the rivalry between the aristocracy between the civilian and the military.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

During that time, Alexios I launched important administrative reforms which included the procurement of palace ranks and posts. [125]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Diplomacy After the fall of Rome, Eastern Roman's main challenge was fostering relations with its neighbors.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Eastern Roman diplomacy soon attracted the attention of its neighbours.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

So open the network of international and interstate relations. [126]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The network revolves around the making of tracts, and includes the welcoming of new rulers, as well as the assimilation of Eastern Roman acts, values, and social institutions. [127]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

While classical writers transcribed the ethical and legal separation between peace and war, the Eastern Romans regarded diplomacy as one form of war. [128]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

For example, the Bulgarian threat can be overcome by providing funds to Rus Kiev. [128]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Orthodox Church also played a diplomatic function, and the spread of Orthodox Christianity was a major diplomatic goal of the empire.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Scrinium Barbarorum in Constantinople was tasked with handling protocol and storage of records concerning anything related to “barbarians”. [129]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

While carrying out protocol duties, they ensure foreign ambassadors are treated properly, and also play a role in the translation of diplomatic missions of the Barbarian countries.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

J. B. Bury believed that the department supervised all foreigners visiting Constantinople. [130]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Some people, such as Michael Antonucci, believe that Scrinium Barbarorum acts as a kind of spy reward for the empire, but there is no solid evidence of this.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

On Strategy from the 6th century offered advice regarding foreign embassies: “[Ambassadors] sent should be received respectfully and generously, because anyone respects the ambassadors, but their presence needs to be watched lest they obtain information by questioning our people. “[131]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Romans took good opportunities and made use of several diplomatic approaches.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

For example, embassies to the capital often stay for many years.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

One member of the royal family from another country was often required to live in Constantinople.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

They are not only useful as hostages, but also pawns that can be exploited if the political conditions of the country in which it originated change.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Another important practice on Eastern Roman diplomacy was by many showing luxury goods to visitors. [126]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

According to Dimitri Obolensky, the continuity of civilization in Eastern Europe was due to the skill and resourcefulness of Eastern Roman diplomacy, which remains one of the Eastern Roman donations to European history. [132]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The science and law of Writing a la the classical era never ceased to be empowered in the Eastern Romans.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Thus, Eastern Roman science was closely related to ancient philosophy and metaphysics. [133]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Although the Eastern Romans succeeded in applying science (as in the construction of the Hagia Sophia), after the 6th century, Eastern Roman experts did not make much donation towards science.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

New theories were not widely initiated, and the ideas of classical writers were not widely developed. [134]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Expertise was hampered in the dark years by the plague of pes and the Arab conquering, but during the Eastern Roman renaissance at the end of the first millennium, Eastern Roman experts reappeared and became experts in the scientific development of Arabia and Persia, especially in astronomy and mathematics. [ 135]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the later centuries of the empire, Eastern Roman grammars were responsible in bringing and writing the grammar and literary study of Ancient Greece to early Renaissance Italy. [136]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In this period, astronomy and mathematics were taught in Trebizond. [137]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the field of law, the reforms of Justinianus I had exerted a clear influence on the development of jurisprudens.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Meanwhile, Emperor Leo III's Ecloga influenced the establishment of legal institutions in the Slavic world. [138]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Language Originally, the language of the empire was Latin.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The language became an official language until the 7th century, when Heraclius replaced it with Greek.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Scientific Latin is no longer spoken by the educated population, although it was still part of the ceremonial culture of the empire for some time. [139]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

People's Latin remained the minority language of the empire, and among the Traco-Roman population, it gave birth to the (Proto-) Romanian language. [140]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Meanwhile, on the coast of the Adriatic sea, neo-Latin dialects developed, which would give birth to the Dalmatian language.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the Western Mediterranean provinces briefly controlled under the rule of Justinianus I, Latin (eventually evolved into Italian) continued to be used as a folk language as well as a scientific language.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The main language spoken in Eastern Romance (even since before the fall of Western Romance) was Greek.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The language has been spoken for centuries before Latin. [141]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

At the beginning of the founding of the Romans, Greek was widely spoken in the Christian church, and also became the language of science and art.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In addition, Greek also became a trade intermediary. [142]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Many other languages were also spoken in this multiethnic empire.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Some languages acquire limited official satatus in the provinces.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In early medieval times, the Suryani and Aramaic languages were spoken by the educated population of the eastern provinces. [143]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Coptic, Armenian, and Georgian languages are also widely spoken in their respective places. [144]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Meanwhile, the Slavonian, Vlach, and Arabic languages became important because of the intertwining of relations with foreign powers. [145]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Constantinople was a center of trade, so every language known in medieval times was sometimes spoken in the empire, even including Chinese. [146]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

As the empire entered its final period of decline, the Eastern Roman population became homogeneous, and the Greek language became important to their identity and religion. [147]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Art Culture and Eastern Roman Art literature mostly deals with religious expression.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Eastern Romanesque styles were spread through trade and conquest into Italy and Sicily; those styles would influence Italian renaissance art.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

With a view to expanding the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Eastern Romanesque style was spread into eastern European cities, especially Russia. [148]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Influences from Eastern Roman architecture, especially in the form of religious buildings, can be encountered in various regions, from Egypt and Arabia, to Russia and Romania.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the field of literature, there are four cultural elements, namely Greek, Christian, Roman, and Oriental.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Eastern Roman literature is often classified in five groups: historians and analysts, encyclopedists (Patriarch Photios, Michael Psellos, and Michael Choniates are considered Eastern Roman's greatest encyclopedists) and essay writers, as well as writers of secular poetry.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Two other groups include new types of literature: ecclesiastical and theological literature, and popular literature.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Of the two to three thousand volumes of Eastern Roman literature that survived, only three hundred and thirty included secular poetry, history, science, and pseudo science. [149]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Secular literature flourished from the ninth to the twelfth centuries, while religious literature (sermons, liturgical books, poetry, devotion, etc.) flourished first, with Romanus Melodus as the most prominent example. [150]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Religion The survival of the empire ensured the active role of the emperor in church affairs.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Roman state inherited the administrative and financial custom of regulating religious affairs from pagan times, and this custom was applied in the church.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Romans viewed the emperor as a representative or preservant of Christ.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

So the emperor was responsible in the spread of Christianity among pagans, and for “outside” religions, such as governance and finance.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Even so, the emperor's role in the church never evolved into a legal fixed system. [151]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Christianity was never fully united in the Eastern Roman Empire.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Eastern Orthodox Church did not represent all Christians in the empire.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Nestorianism, a view taught by Nestorius, split from the imperial church, and now became the Assyrian Eastern Church.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The Oriental Orthodox Church broke away from the imperial church after the declaration of the Council of Chalsedon.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Arianism and other Christian sects also existed in the empire, although by the time of the fall of Rome in the 5th century, Arianism was more restricted to Germanic tribes in Western Europe.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the late days of the empire, the Eastern Orthodox represented most of the Jews in the rest of the empire.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Meanwhile, Jews were an important minority in the empire.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Despite several times subjected to persecution, they were generally tolerated.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

With the fall of Rome and internal infighting on other patripatriate bodies, the church of Constantinople became the richest and most influential center of Christianity between the 6th and the 11th centuries. [152]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The historical stay of the Eastern Roman Empire has secured Western Europe from the new powers of the East.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Eastern Romans were continuously invaded by Persians, Arabs, Seljuk Turks, and Ottomans.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

For example, the East-Arab Roman Warfare, recognized by historians as a major factor behind the rise of Karel the Great, [153] and a stimulation for feudalism and economic independence.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

For centuries, Western historians used the terms Byzantine and Byzantinism as pameo for slump, politics of ruse, and complex bureaucracy.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In addition, there is a strong negative assessment of Eastern Roman civilization and its heritage in Southeast Europe. [154]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Byzantinism is generally defined as a religious, political, and philosophical body as opposed to the West. [155]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In the 20th and 21st centuries, historic-historians in the West tried to understand Eastern Roman more accurately and in balance.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

As a result, the complex character of Eastern Roman culture is more noticed and treated objectively than ever before. [155]


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

If the existence of the Ancient Roman Empire (encompassing Western Roman) with Eastern Roman/Byzantine was merged, the entire Roman Empire had been tangible for 1,480 years.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The successor to the Roman Empire, the Roman Republic, existed for 482 years, so the Roman state has existed for 1,962 years.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

See also Western Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman Emperor Eastern Roman Emperor Greek History Latin Empire Explanation Footnotes Reference Primary sources CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) URL—WikiLink conflict (help) Secondary source Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help) Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help) () CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help) Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help) Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help) CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link) Advanced reading Outlink Study, source, and Byzantine bibliography of Adena, L. “”, Clio History Journal, 2008.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Ciesniewski, C. “”, Clio History Journal, 2006.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Fox, Clinton R. in Dumbarton Oaks.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Covers links to multiple electronic texts.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Links to various online sources.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Online source.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The sources for medieval history, include several translated sources concerning Byzantine warfare.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Some primary sources regarding Eastern Roman history.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

In<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[127669,127677,2,2]}'>hosted by the University of Vienna; in English.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Links to text, images, and videos about Byzantine.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Others.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

Scientific biographies of Byzantine emperors.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

The film explaining why Eastern Romans fell from a political and economic point of view, filmed by the Russian Orthodox Church. by Lars Brownworth of The Stony Brook School; audio lectures.


Question: When did the Byzantine empire collapse?

Eastern Roman Empire

(Roman/Byzantine maps during its existence)


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

The composition of the body can be analyzed in terms of its molecular type, for example, water, proteins, connective tissue, fats (or lipids), hydroxylapatites (in bones), carbohydrates (such as glycogen and glucose) and DNA.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

According to the type of tissue, the body can be analyzed into water, fat, muscle, bone, etc.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

According to the type of cells, the body contains hundreds of cell types, but it is recorded that the most number of cells conceived in the human body (although not the largest mass of cells) are not human cells, but bacteria that are in the normal human digestive tract.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Major, minor and renic elements Almost 99% of the mass of the human body is composed by six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Only about 0.85% is composed by the other five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

All eleven such elements are necessary for life.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

The remaining element is the renic element, of which more than a dozen are estimated (based on good evidence) to be necessary to live.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

If the entire mass of renic elements is laid together (less than 10 grams for the human body) will not add to the body mass of magnesium, non renik the least.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Other elements and still questionable need for humans Not all elements encountered in the human body in renic quantities play a role in life.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Some of these elements are thought to be functionless “observer” contaminants (for example: cesium, titanium), while many others are estimated as active toxins, depending on their amount (cadmium, mercury, radioactive).


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

It is still debated the possible benefits and toxicity of aluminum, an element that at normal levels is found in the human body.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Functions for the body have been proposed for cadmium and lead, although it is almost certain that both are toxic in amounts far above the normal content found in the body.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

There is evidence that arsenic, an element normally considered a higher amount of poison, is essential in ultrarenic quantity, even for mammals (rats, hamsters, goats). [1]


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Some elements (arsenic, silicon, boron, nickel, vanadium) may also be required by mammals, but in much smaller doses.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Bromine is used extensively by some (though not all) lesser organisms, and in human eosinophils.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

One study has found that bromine is necessary for the synthesis of IV collagen in humans. [2]


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Fluorine is used by a number of plants to produce toxins (see such element) but in humans it serves only as a local (topical) hardening agent in tooth enamel, and not on essential biological roles.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

List of elemental composition The adult human body weighing an average of 70kg contains about 7×1027 atoms and at least 60 chemical elements detected renik. [3]


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Approximately 29 elements of this number are estimated to play an active positive role in human life and health. [4]


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

The relative amounts of each element vary by individual, mainly due to differences in the proportion of fat, muscle and bone in their bodies.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

People with more fat will have a higher proportion of carbon and a lower proportion of most other elements.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

The proportion of hydrogen is approximately equal.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

The number in the table is the average of different quantities reported based on difference references.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

The average adult human body contains ~ 53% water.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

This varies greatly by age, gender, and adiposity.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

In a large sample of adults of all ages and both sexes, figures for water fraction by weight were found to be 48± 6% for females and 58± 8% water for males. [5]


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Water contains ~ 11% hydrogen by mass but ~ 67% hydrogen by percent of atoms, and these figures together with the sum% of its complimentary oxygen in water, are the largest contributors to the overall mass composition and atomic composition.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Due to its water content, the human body contains more oxygen by mass than any other element, but, by atomic fraction, more hydrogen than any element.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

The elements listed below as “Essential in humans” are those listed with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) as essential nutrients, [6] as well as six additional elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen (life-building elements. fundamental on Earth), sulfur (essential for all cells) and cobalt (an essential component of vitamin B12).


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Elements listed as “Possible” or “Probably” important are those cited by the (US) National Research Council as beneficial to human health and possibly important. [7] *


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Iron = ~3 g in males, ~2.3 g in females Most of the elements needed for life are relatively common within the Earth's crust.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Aluminum, the third most common element in the Earth's crust (after oxygen and silicon), has no function in living cells, but is instead dangerous in large quantities. [29]


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Transferrin can bind aluminum. [30]


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Other elements Of 94 naturally occurring chemical elements, 60 are listed in the table above.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Of the remaining 34, it is not known the number that occurs in the human body.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

For some of these elements, the amount of concentration in various tissues or organs is already present, specifically from studies involving small population sample sizes.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Noble gases The concentration of noble gases in the blood. [31] * hypothetical values for radon based on 10 Bq/m3 and 0.4 for the blood/water partition coefficient. [32]


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Lanthanide Of the seventeen rare earth elements, fifteen are members of the lanthanide series.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

The other two, scandium and yttrium, are recorded in the table above, just like three lanthanide: lanthanum, cerium, and samarium.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Of the remaining twelve lanthanide, eleven are listed in the table below.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

There is no information available about the remaining and highly radioactive lanthanide, prometium.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Concentrations of rare earth elements/lanthanide in blood serum. [33]


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Platinum group metals (PGMs) The concentration of platinum group metals in the blood.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Essential elements on the periodic table The periodic table highlights the food element hHelibebcnofnenamgalsipsclarkcasctivcrmnfeconicuzngageassebr krrbsryzrbmotcrurhpdagcdinsnsbteixecsbala*hftawreosirptauhgtlpbbipoatrnfracrabd**fdHgtlpbbipoatrnfracrabd**fdArfdRptaUhgtlpbbipoatrnfracrabdFd**rdsgbhhsmtdsrgcnnhflmclvtsog*ceprndpmsmeugdtbdyhoertmyblu** Thpaunppuamcmbkcfesfmmdnolr Four basic organic elementsEssential renic elementsPossible to have a structural or functional role in mammals Composition by molecular type The composition of the human body is expressed in chemical terms: Protein Water - including hair, connective tissue, etc.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Fats (or lipids).


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Hydroxylapatite in bone.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Carbohydrates such as glycogen and glucose.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

DNA.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Dissolved inorganic ions such as sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methanatiol.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

It may be dissolved or reside as a gas in the lungs or intestines.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Ethane and pentane are produced by oxygen free radicals. [44]


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Many other small molecules, such as amino acids, fatty acids, nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides, vitamins, cofactors.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Free radicals such as superoxide, hydroxyl, and hydroperoxyl.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

The composition of the human body can be seen on atomic and molecular scales as shown in this article.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

An estimate of the molecular rough content of a typical human cell of 20 micrometers is as follows: [45] *The amount of water is highly dependent on body composition and amount of fat.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

In adults in developed countries on average ~ 53% water.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

This varies greatly by age, gender, and adiposity.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

In a large sample of adults of all ages and both sexes, figures for water fraction by weight were found to be 48± 6% for females and 58± 8% water for males. [5]


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

DNA: Human cells also contain mitochondrial DNA.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Sperm cells contain less mitochondrial DNA than other cells.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

A mammalian red blood cell usually contains no cell nucleus in adulthood, so there is no DNA.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

However, nucleated red blood cells, or nucleated red blood cells, NRBCs, are present in the fetal and neonatal circulation, and may appear in adult mammals when disease is present.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Materials and tissues Body composition can also be expressed in the form of various types of materials, such as: Fat Muscles Bones and teeth Nerve tissue (Brain and nerves) Hormones Connective tissue Body fluids (blood, lymph, urine) Contents of the gastrointestinal tract, including intestinal gases Air in the lungs Epithelium Composition by cell type There are many species of bacteria and other microorganisms that live on or in the body of a healthy human being.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

The facts show, 90% of cells on (or inside) the human body are microbes, according to the number [46] [47] (more or less by mass or volume).


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Some of these symbionts are necessary for our health.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

Those who do not help or harm humans are called commensal organisms.


Question: From which is the largest protein a human can obtain?

Composition of the human body

See also List of human organs Hydrostatic weighing Food elements Blood composition List of components of human blood Body composition Abundance of elements in the Earth's crust Abundance of chemical elements Reference Category:Biochemistry Category:Human Anatomy Category:Human physiology


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

King Cheoljong (1831 - 1863, enthroned 1849-1863) was the 25th king of Joseon Dynasty, Korea.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

Background In the early 19th century, Wangsa Andong Kim who provided the Joseon state with several queens, had assumed power almost everywhere throughout Korea.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

As a result, social stagnation is a land farm for riots.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

Corruption and embezzlement within the country and inevitable exploitation were taken to extreme levels, and reached staggering proportions.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

Continuous uprisings followed by natural disasters.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

It is certainly one of the dark periods in the history of the country. [1]


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

Wangsa Kim Andong's only goal is to preserve influence.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

Their fierce campaign is really to dominate the royal palace which has led to a situation where almost all the representatives of the royal family fled Seoul.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

When the royal family produces capable and deserving candidates as successors to the throne, they are exterminated by accusations of either beckoning and execution or banished into exile, so when Heonjong dies without male descendants and does not find a proper candidate. [1]


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

Life After a long search, the would-be Cheoljong is found on Ganghwa Island where his family has fled to hide from political pressure.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

When the messengers (who were dispatched to search for a potential king) arrived at Ganghwa Island, they found a remnant of Wangsa Yi almost unable to survive in poverty. [2]


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

In 1849, at the age of 18, Yi Byeon/Seong [3] (will Cheoljong), the third son of Prince Jeon-gye (King Yeongjo's great-great-great-great-grandson), was announced as King, in the midst of degration and poverty.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

But from the beginning of the kings of the Joseon Dynasty Korea had given priority to the education of their children, Cheoljong could not even read a word written in the letter of congratulation on his ascension to the throne. [1]


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

For Andong Kim, Cheoljong is a great choice.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

His illiteracy makes him manipulable and vulnerable to their control.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

The evidence of that is that even though Cheoljong ruled the country for 13 years, until his last day he was unable to walk with the authoritative of a king or how to wear royal clothes, so despite being very luxuriously dressed he still looked like a fisherman. [1]


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

As part of Andong Kim's manipulation of Cheoljong, in 1851, the wangsa married Cheoljong to a daughter of a member of the wangsa (known by the posthumous name of Queen Cheol-in). [1]


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

Death He died at the age of 32 in January 1864 (allegedly on the interference of Andong Kim, the same wangsa that raised him king), without having descendants.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

Father's Family: Jeongye, the Great Prince () Mother: Yongseong, Princess Concubine of the Great Prince, of Wangsa Yeom () Concubine: Queen Cheol-in of Wangsa Andong Kim () [4] Park Gwi-in () Gwi-in () Lee Gwi-in () Bang Suk-ui () Beom Suk-ui () Lee (이) Mrs Kim () Descendants: A Son Lee Gwi-in [5] 2 Daughter Lee Gwi-in [6] Princess Yeonghye (, 1859-4 July, 1872), the only daughter of Beom Suk-ui.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

She was married to Markis Park Yeong-hyo and was the grandmother of Nyoyna Park Chan-ju, who was later married to her fifth cousin Yi Wu The name of Hanja King's name inside Hanja was 李.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

In Korean, Yi Byeon.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

But in almost all Chinese sources, the name is often known as 李, which Yi Seong reads.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

This is very serious and is a natural mistake, because the character is a rare word.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

, however it is very common.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

Therefore we need to be careful when looking for it.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

Title Lord Wonbeom, Third Son of Prince Jeongye (great-great-great-[ 7] King Yeongjo) (1725-1776).


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

Prince Deogwan of Korea, royal heirs (1849 - 1850).


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

His Majesty the King of Korea (1850 - 1863) His Posthumous Full Name King Cheoljong Huiyun Jeonggeuk Sudeok Sunseong Heummyung Gwangdo Donwon Changhwa Munhyeon Museong Heonin Yeonghyo the Great Korean Korean 光道元文武 YeongJopangeran SadoConcubine Yeong of Wangsa LeePangeran EuneonConcubine Suk of Wangsa Imjeongye, Prince Yang AgungYi Byeon, King Cheolijongyeom Yongseong Reference Cummings, Bruce. (1997).


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modern History.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

New York.


Question: Who was the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty?

Cheoljong of Joseon

ISBN 0-393-04011-9 See also Wangsa Yi List of Korean Rulers Joseon Dynasty Korean History {{subst: #if: |}} [[Category: {subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1831}} || UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of birth missing {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1863}} ||LIVING =( living people)}}} =1831 births}}]] [[Category: {{#default subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1863}} || LIVING =Living people | UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of death missing | #default =1863 deaths}}]] Category:Rulers of Joseon Category:Kings of Korea


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Television (TV) is a well-known telecommunication medium that serves as a receiver for the broadcast of moving images along with sound, whether it is monochrome (black-and-white) or color.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The word “television” is a composite of the word tele (τύλε, “far”) from Greek and visio (“sight”) from Latin, so television can be interpreted as “a remote communication device using visual/vision media.”


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The use of the word “Television” itself may also refer to “television box”, “television show”, or “television transmission”.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The invention of television was aligned with the invention of the wheel, as this invention was able to change world civilization


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In Indonesia 'television' is unformally often referred to as TV (read: tivi, teve or tipi.)


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Television boxes were first sold commercially since the 1920s, and since then televisions have become commonplace in homes, business offices, as well as institutions, particularly as a source of need for entertainment and news as well as being an advertising medium.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Since the 1970s, the advent of videocassettes, laser discs, DVDs and now Blu-ray discs, has also made television boxes a tool for viewing broadcast material as well as recorded results.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In recent years, broadcast television has been accessible over the Internet, for example through iPlayer and Hulu.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Although there are other forms of television such as closed-circuit television, the most commonly used type of television is broadcasting television, which is made based on a radio broadcasting system developed around the 1920s, using high-power radio frequency transmitters for radiating television waves to television wave receivers.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

TV broadcasting is typically propagated via VHF and UHF radio waves in a defined frequency path between 54-890 megahertz [1].


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Now TV waves have also emitted a type of stereo sound or roving sound in many countries.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Until 2000, TV broadcasts were emitted in analog waveforms, but lately public and private broadcast companies have now switched to digital broadcasting technology.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

A television box consists of a variety of electronic circuits inside, including a receiver circuit and a broadcasting wave catcher.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Visual display devices that do not have signal receiving devices are usually referred to as monitors, instead of televisions.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

A television system can be used in various technology uses such as analog (PAL, NTSC, SECAM), digital (DVB, ATSC, ISDB etc.) or high definition (HDTV).


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Television systems are now also used for observation of events, industrial process control, and weapons briefing, especially for places that are usually too dangerous to be observed in person.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Amateur television (ham TV or ATV) is used for trial activities and public entertainment run by amateur radio operators.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Amateur TV stations have been used in urban areas before the emergence of commercial TV stations. [2]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Television has played an important role in the socialization of the 20th and 21st centuries.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In 2010, iPlayer was used in aspects of social media in the form of internet television services, including those being Facebook and Twitter. [3]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Early history In the early days of its development, television used a combination of optical, mechanical, and electronic technologies to record, display, and broadcast visual images.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In any case, by the late 1920s, televised systems using only optical and electronic technologies had been developed, in which all modern television systems applied this technology.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Although mechanical systems eventually ceased to be used, the knowledge gained from the development of electromechanical systems was essential in the development of full electronic television systems.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The first images successfully transmitted electrically were via simple mechanical facsimile machines, (such as pantelegraphs) developed in the late 19th century.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The concept of sending moving images using electric power was first elaborated in 1878 as a “teleponoscope” (the combined concept of telephone and moving image), not long after the invention of the telephone.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

At the time, science fiction writers had imagined that someday light would also be able to be transmitted over a wired medium, as would sound.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The idea to use an image scanning system to send images was first put into practice in 1881 using a pantelegraph, that is, using a pendulum scanning mechanism.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Since then, various image scanning techniques have been used in almost every image delivery technology, including television.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

This is the concept called “perasteran”, which is the process of converting visual images into electric wave currents. 1880s: Nipkow discs In 1884, Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, a 23-year-old student in Germany, patented an electromechanical television system that uses Nipkow discs, a disc rotates with a series of spirally arranged holes to the center of the cakaram used in the process of perastering.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Each disc hole is positioned with the same angular difference so that in each spin the disc can pass light through each hole to hit the light-sensitive selenium layer that produces an electric pulse.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Along with laying the position of the disc's centrally focused image, each hole will scan each horizontal “iris” of the entire image.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

This Nipkow-made tool could not really be put into practice until advances in reinforcing tube technology.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

However, the device can only emit “halftone” images — due to holes of certain positions of different sizes — via a telegraph or telephone cable.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The next design was to use a rotating mirror-drum scanner as an image recorder and a cathode ray tube (CRT) as a display device.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In 1907, a Russian scientist, Boris Rosing, became the first inventor to use CRT in the receiving device of an experimental television system.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

He used a “mirror-drum” scanner to send simple geometric images to the CRT. [4]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

However, to record moving images still cannot be done, due to the low sensitivity of selenium detectors. 1920s: The invention of John Logie Baird JMPL|Ka|200px|TV 405 black and white Murphy from Ukrania, 1951.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Scottish inventor John Logie Baird successfully demonstrated the way of moving images in London in 1925, [5] followed by monochrome moving images in 1926.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Baird scanner discs can produce 30-row resolution images (enough to expose a human face) from a lens with a double spiral. [6]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

This demonstration by Baird has been generally approved by the world as the first television demonstration, although mechanical television is no longer used.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In 1927, Baird also invented the world's first video recording system, the “Phonovision”, that is, by modulating the output signal of his TV camera into the range of audio range, he was able to record those signals on 10 inches (25cm) audio discs using audio recording technology ordinary.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Few of Baird's “Phonovision” recordings still exist and those surviving recordings were later translated and processed into viewable images in the 1990s using digital signal processing technology. [7]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In 1926, a Hungarian engineer, Kálmán Tihanyi, designed a television system with a fully electronic scanning and display device, and used the principle of “storage of contents” inside the scanner tube (or “camera”). [8] [9] [10] [11] In 1927, a Russian inventor, Léon Theremin, developed a television system with mirror-drums that used a “hard-wired video” system to produce a 100-line image resolution.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

That same year, Herbert E. Ives of Bell Labs successfully transmitted moving images from a 50-window disc that produced 16 images per minute via wired medium from Washington, D.C. to New York City, and also via radio waves from Whippany, New Jersey. [12]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Ives uses a 24 x 30 inch (60 x 75cm) publisher screen.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Subjects of his recordings included one of the then American Secretary of Commerce, Herbert Hoover.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In the same year, Philo Farnsworth succeeded in creating the world's first television system with electronic scanners on both display devices and pickups, [13] in which his findings he first demonstrated in front of the press on September 1, 1928. [13] [14] 1930s: The spread and public reception In 1936, for the first time the Berlin olympics were broadcast to television stations in Berlin and Leipzig where the general public could watch each race live. [15]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In the early days of television, electromechanical television boxes began to be commercially sold from 1928 to 1934 in the United Kingdom, [16] the United States, and Russia. [17]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The first commercial television was sold by Baird in Great Britain in 1928 in the form of a radio receiver coupled with components such as fluorescent tubes behind Nipkow discs which produced reddish images sized as large as postal stamps that could be exaggerated again using lenses magnifying.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

This “televisor” of Baird's creation can also be used without a radio.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Televisor sold in 1930—1933 was the first mass television marketing.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Approximately 1,000 units of Televisor were sold successfully. [18]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The first commercial electronic television boxes with cathode ray tubes were produced by Telefunken in Germany in 1934, [19] [20] followed by other electronics manufacturers in France (1936), [21] Great Britain (1936), [22] and the United States (1938). [23] [24] In 1936, Kálmán Tihanyi explained the principle of plasma television, namely the first flat panel system. [25] [26] In 1938 in America, televisions measuring 3 inches (7.6cm) sold for 125 USD (equivalent to 1,863 USD in 2007.)


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The cheapest model of a 12-inch (30cm) television is for $445 (equivalent to $6,633 as of 2007). [27]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Approximately 19,000 units of electronic television had been produced in Britain, 1,600 units in Germany, and 8,000 units in America, [28] before the War Production Board was finally forced to cease TV production in April 1942 due to the outbreak of World War II.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

TV use in the United States increased again post World War II after TV production was allowed back in August 1945.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Post-war, the number of TV owners in America increased by about 0.5% in 1946, then rose by 55.7% in 1954, and rose to 90% in 1962. [29]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In Britain, the number of TV owners increased from 15,000 in 1947, then 1.4 million in 1952, to 15.1 million in 1968.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Television box components In general how TV boxes work starts from antennas that receive radio frequency (RF) inputs in the form of VHF and UHF frequencies whose work is regulated by the tuner and wave finder, then the signal is processed and separated between image and sound, while the image is processed by cathode tubes and passed to the screen, the sound signal is processed to be broken into stereos, to be then baited into the final amplifier and speakers.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Current television image output devices use various viewer technologies such as CRT, LCD, Plasma, DLP, and OLED.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

As for additional input terminals for other hardware, the television unit also features input terminals for DVD players, video game consoles and personal listening devices.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Other input terminals that are also often found include RCA, Mini-DIN, HDMI, SCART, and D-terminal.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

There are also those equipped with inputs for recording sound and images from TV shows.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Some luxury TV units are equipped with Ethernet ports to receive data from the Internet, such as stock value, weather, or news.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Entire TV units produced since the early 1980s are also equipped with infrared remote controls to control broadcast channels, sound, brightness, contrast, color, etc.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Broadcasting and content on television Events There are various ways to broadcast TV content that can be broadcast to the public.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Once produced, the next step is to market and sell it to any market that wants to buy it.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

It is typically divided into two tiers: First Impressions or Prime Impressions — a production body produces a show consisting of one or several episodes that are then aired within a station or television network that has paid for the production itself or have received the license of the show from the original producer.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Broadcasting syndication — a general term used to describe the later use of the show (after first impressions).


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

This not only regulates advanced impressions in the same country (with its premiere), but also international uses that may no longer be taken care of and related by the original producer.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In general, other organizations (television stations or individuals) will be bound to syndicate, in other words, they can only sell an event to a market legally with a contract with the copyright holder, generally the producer.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Financing The specific ways of financing television broadcasting around the world vary.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

But basically, the concept of financing used is the same, namely from advertising, licensing (excise), subscriptions, and so on.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Globally, TV station revenue sources range from 45— 50% from advertising, 40— 45% of subscription fees, and 10% from private financing. [30] [31] For subscription TV channels, in order to protect revenue, usually they do signal encryption to ensure that only people who are subscribe only who can decrypt and view their broadcasts.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

As for TV channels without encryption it is referred to as free broadcast (en: free to air/FTA).


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Extensive Broadcasting Advertising makes television a very attractive medium for advertisers.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Most networks and television stations sell some share of broadcasting time to advertisers or sponsors to finance their broadcast networks. [32]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The advertising price of each network varies for each block of time, depending on the rating (best-selling event) held by an event calculated through daily surveys.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Excise and licensing In some countries, television services are financed using a television license or some kind of excise that makes the role of advertising in financing small or even non-existent.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

For example, some TV channels that use little advertising or even not at all are ABC (Australia), NHK (Japan), BBC (UK), etc.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

BBC UK does not broadcast advertisements on its channels in the United Kingdom, but they are financed from an annual licence paid for by all viewers.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

These licence dues are set by the government, but the BBC is not accountable to the government or controlled by the government.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The two main channels of the BBC network are watched by approximately 90% of Britons each week and control 27% of the overall spectacle count, [33] although 85% of households receive various channels, with 42% of them receiving around 200 free channels via satellite and a further 43% receiving more than 30 channels via Freeview service. [34]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The licence financing seven ad-free BBC TV channels is now costing £139.50 a year (USD 215 equivalent).


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

When a similar sporting event is broadcast on the BBC and private channels, the BBC always manages to record the greatest number of viewers, signifying that the audience prefers to watch TV without the distraction of advertising.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

ABC Australia did not air the ad at all (except as internal promo material) as it had been banned within.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The ABC receives financing funding from the Australian Government every three years.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In the 2008/09 Australian Spending Budget, the ABC received $822.67 million. [35]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The funds are used for the entire operations of the ABC Television Network, including radio, online, and International Production.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The ABC Network also profits from ABC Shop stores across the country of Australia.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Although financed by the Australian Government, the ABC's editorial independence is guaranteed under law.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In France and Ireland, government-financed channels can still broadcast advertisements, but all those with TVs must pay an annual excise tax (la redevance audiovisuelle). [36]


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In Japan, NHK Network is financed by license excise duty (known in Japan as reception tax (, Jushinryō)).


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

There are laws that stipulate that every television that receives NHK broadcasts is required to pay taxes.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The size of the tax has been set, with discounts for office workers and school students, including general discounts for residents in the Okinawa Administrative Region.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Subscription TV Most TV channels are financed by subscribers, therefore broadcast signals will be emitted with encryption to ensure that only paying subscribers can enjoy the broadcast of those TV Stations.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

However, most subscription TV services are also funded by advertising.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The genre of television includes various types of events that aim to entertain, give knowledge, and educate the audience.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The entertainment genres with the most expensive production costs are usually dramas and mini-series.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

In the most popular entertainment genres are events with action genres such as those involving police, criminal, detective, horror, and thriller.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

There are also various genres of non-action dramas such as soap operas.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Science fiction spectacle can be classified in the category of action and drama, depending on whether it emphasizes the philosophical or adventure side.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Comedy is also a popular type of spectacle, including Sitcoms (sitcoms) and animated adult shows such as Family Guy.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

Cheaper entertainment shows include quiz shows, interviews, attractions, and reality.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The quiz show featured participants fighting for prizes by answering some questions or completing puzzles.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The interview show features interviews and talks with famous figures such as entertainment artists, politicians, entrepreneurs, etc.


Question: was the first television broadcast in the United States?

television

The attraction show features various entertainment such as music performers, jokers, conjurer, etc.