Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Nonetheless, by 1570 Spain managed to eradicate most of the rebellious actions throughout the Dutch country.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

But on 1 April 1572, the Dutch Calvinist invaders, famous by the nickname Beggars of the Sea, turned away from their refuge in England, and unexpectedly managed to seize the barely defensible town of Brielle in the north of the Dutch country.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Most of the important cities in the province of Holandia and Zealand immediately induced their allegiance to the rebels, with the exception of Amsterdam and Middelburg which remained loyal to the Catholic stronghold until it was seized in 1578.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Willem van Oranje, who was acclaimed to be the leader of the rebellion, entered the Netherlands with a force of 20,000 land soldiers along with supporting troops from the French Huguenots.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The schism of this new Revolt gave rise to divisions among the Dutch people.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

On one side there was a militant Kalvinist minority who wanted to continue fighting the Catholic King Felipe II, and make all Dutch citizens followers of the Kalvinist madhab.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

On the other side there was a small group of Catholics who wanted to remain loyal to the Landlords (Dutch: landvoogd) and the government under him that Spain supported.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Between these two parties there was a majority of Catholics who did not take sides, but also wanted the Dutch privileges restored and the Spanish mercenaries removed.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Alba was replaced in 1573 by Luis de Requesens and a new, moderate policy was tried to implement.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Despite this, Spain's inability to pay the wages of mercenaries in its army caused acts of thirst, and in November 1576 mercenary troops plundered the rayas of Antwerp causing 8,000 casualties.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

This event famous by the nickname “The Wrath of Spain” further rounded off the determination of the people in seventeen provinces to rise to rebel.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Willem van Oranje who took advantage of that situation of anarchy to extend his power over almost all Dutch territory in alliance with the Council of State, entered the city of Brussels in September 1577.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

On 6 January 1579, owing to the excessive behavior of the Kalvinists in Oudenarde, Kortrijk, Brugge and Ieper, as well as the constant aggressive spread of Kalvinist madhab in the northern praja, some praja in the south signed the Treaty of the Union of Arras (Atrecht), enforced their allegiance to the King of Spain.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In response, Willem united the northern prajas, namely Holandia, Zealand, Utrecht, Gelre, and the Province of Groningen in the Treaty of Union of Utrecht on 23 January 1579.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Several southern cities such as Brugge, Gent, Brussels, and Antwerp joined the Union of Utrecht, and thus all seventeen provinces were divided into two camps of each other.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In the following years, the new Spanish Governor, Alexander Farnese (Duke of Parma), reconquered most of the regions of Flandria and Brabant, as well as most of the territory of the northeastern provinces.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Roman Catholicism was restored in much of the region.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In 1585, Antwerpen—the largest city in the Lowland Country—fell into the hands of Alexander Farnese, resulting in about half of its population fleeing north (see Fall of Antwerp).


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Dutch land was split into an independent northern region and a southern region that remained subject to Spanish rule.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

As the government of the separatists dominated by the Kalvinists proceeded almost without pause, most of the population of the northern provinces converted beliefs to become Protestant religious adherents throughout the decades later.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The southern region, under Spanish rule, remained a Catholic stronghold; most of its Protestant Jews fled north.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Spain put large numbers of soldiers in the southern region, so that at any time could be deployed to fight the French.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

After a state of peace running for some time, the war erupted again in 1622, and finally ended on 30 January 1648, with the signing of the Münster Tract between Spain and the independent Netherlands.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

These tracts were part of the entirety of the European-level Westfalen Peace Treaty which also ended the Thirty Years' War.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Swiss Confederation In 1529, under the leadership of Huldrych Zwingli, the Protestant canton and city of Zürich agreed with other Protestant cantons to form the defense alliance of Christliches Burgrecht, which also included the city of Konstanz and the city of Straßburg.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In response to this development, the Catholic cantons also formed an alliance with Ferdinand of Austria.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

After several small incidents and acts of mutual provocation, a Catholic priest was executed to death in Thurgau in May 1528, and the Protestant priest J. Keyser was burned alive in Schwyz in 1529.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The last event that sparked a massive conflict was the inauguration of a Catholic pamong praja in Baden.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Zürich also enforced war on 8 June (Kappel War I), occupied Thurgau and the territory of the Monastery of Sankt Gallen and marched towards Kappel on the border with Zug.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Open war could be avoided through a peace agreement (Erster Landfriede) that did not benefit the Catholics so much as having to obey the results of an agreement to dissolve the alliance with the Austrian Habsburg predator.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The intercamp tensions essentially had not subsided, and flared again in Kappel II's War, two years later.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

On 11 October 1531, the Catholic cantons managed to win heavily over Zürich's reinforcements in the Battle of Kappel.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Zürich forces did not have much support from the alliance of Protestant cantons, and Huldrych Zwingli was killed on the field of battle along with twenty-four other clergy.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

After being defeated, the Zürich soldiers again gathered together and attempted to occupy Zugerberg.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Some of them camped on Gubel Hill, not far from Menzingen.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

A small army of soldiers from Ägeri stormed the encampment, and Zürich soldiers who were broken by the raid were forced to retreat, so the Protestants were forced to sign a peace agreement that did not benefit his side.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Switzerland was split into intersecting Protestant and Catholic cantons.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Protestants generally dominated the larger cities, while Catholics controlled more rural areas.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In 1656, tensions between the Protestant stronghold and the Catholic stronghold again heated up and ignited the War of Villmergen I. The Catholic stronghold was victorious and could maintain its political dominance.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Toggenburg War that erupted in 1712 was a conflict between Catholic cantons and Protestant cantons.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Based on the Peace Treaty of Aarau dated August 11, 1712 and the Baden Peace Treaty dated June 16, 1718, this war ended with the cessation of Catholic hegemony.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Sonderbund War in 1847 also occurred as a result of religious differences.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

France Since 1532, King François I and King Henri II (since 1551) have intervened politically and militarily to help Protestant German praja magnifiers against Habsburg predators.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Nonetheless, the twosome tenaciously eradicated any attempt at dissemination of Lutheran ideas on French territory.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

A planned inflow of Calvinist ascendants from Geneva and other places throughout the 1550s, managed to form hundreds of underground Calvinist congregations in France.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The 1560s-era JMPL|ka|La Rochelle, a fortified croupier in Western France, contested Protestant defensive base in two protracted sieges.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In the pattern that later followed in the Netherlands and Scotland, the underground Kalvinist dawah movement as well as the formation of alliances between the new adherents and the nobility immediately caused a direct political and religious power struggle.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Wishful thinking for control of Church property and so numerous monastery lands had encouraged the nobility in many regions of Europe to support the “led” Reformation movement.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In addition, the Calvinists also propose a new teaching that community leaders are responsible for overthrowing “godless” rulers (namely rulers who do not support the Kalvinist madhab).


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In March 1560 there was an event of the “Amboise conspiracy” or “Amboise melee”, which was an attempt by a group of defector nobles to kidnap the teenage French King François II, and get rid of Guise who was Catholic.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Their plan leaked and was successfully thwarted.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The first large-scale action of Protestants to deface images and statues within the buildings of the Catholic Church took place in Rouen and La Rochelle in 1560.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In the following year, the assaults extended to more than 20 cities large and small, and later triggered massacres and riots carried out by Catholics in Sens., Cahors, Carcassonne, Tours, and in other cities. [3]


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In December 1560, François II mangkat and Catharina de' Medici ascended the throne as guardians of his son, King Charles IX.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Despite his Catholic religion, he was willing to confer with Bourbon warriors who were classified as Huguenots.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

He therefore supported religious tolerance by issuing the Information of Saint-Germain (January 1562) permitting the Huguenots to worship openly outside the city and secretly within the city.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

But on March 1, a group of Guise wangsa attacked the illegal worship ceremony of the Kalvinists in Wassy-sur-Blaise, Champagne Province.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The feud arising made the information canceled.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

These events ignited the First War.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Bourbon Wangsa, with English support, under the lead of Louis I de Bourbon, Prince of Condé with Admiral de Coligny began to seize stategis towns along the Loire River and place garrisons in those cities.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Battle of Dreux and the Battle of Orléans were the first major battles of the First War.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In February 1563, François, Duke de Guise was killed in Orléans, and Catherina who had begun to fear that the war would drag on finally initiated a truce and issued the Amboise Indictment (1563), which again guaranteed a restrained religious tolerance of Protestant worship.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Nonetheless, neither Catholics nor Protestants in general were satisfied.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The political temperature is rising in neighboring countries, while religious riots are flaring in the Netherlands.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Huguenots tried to gain the support of the French government to intervene against the arrival of Spanish soldiers in the Netherlands.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

As their efforts were deadlocked, Protestant forces tried but failed to capture and control King Charles IX at Meaux in 1567.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

This event re-ignited a feud (the Second War) which ended with a truce agreement that again did not satisfy both sides, namely the Longjumeau Peace Treaty (March 1568).


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In September of that year, war again erupted (the Third War).


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Catherina and Charles this time decided to make an alliance with Guise's wangsa.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Huguenot army led by Louis I de Bourbon, Prince of Condé assisted by fighting forces from southeastern France and a group of Protestant militia from Germany—including 14,000 mercenary reiters under the leadership of the Calvinist Duke of Zweibrücken. [4]


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

After the Duke of Zweibrücken was killed in battle, he was replaced by Tumenggung Mansfeld and Willem van Oranje along with his brothers, Lodewijk and Hendrik, from the Netherlands.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Much of the war funding of the Huguenots came from the donations of Elizabeth I, Queen of England.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Catholics were led by the Duke d'Anjou (later ascending the throne to King Henri III) assisted by troops from Spain, the Papal States, and the Grand Duchy of Toscana. [5]


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Protestant army reinforcements carried out sieges over a number of towns in the areas of Poitou and Saintonge (in order to protect La Rochelle), and later also in Angoulême and Cognac.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In the Battle of Jarnac on 16 March 1569, Prince Condé was killed, so Admiral de Coligny was forced to take over leadership over Protestant army reinforcements.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Admiral de Coligny withdrew Protestant reinforcements to the south-west area then joined Gabriel de Montgommery, and in spring 1570 they plundered the city of Toulouse, bypassing through southern France and moving through the Rhône River Valley towards La Charité-sur-Loire .


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The increasingly alarming royal debt and Charles IX's desire to seek a peaceful solution [6] prompted the issuance of the Peace Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 8 August 1570, which again granted more concessions to the Huguenots.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In 1572, increased tensions between the Catholics of Paris and the Protestant soldiers who came to attend Henri de Navarre's wedding ceremony with the King's sister, Marguerite de Valois, culminated in the massacre on Saint Bartolomeus' Day.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

These events ignited the Fourth War in 1572 and the Fifth War in 1573-1576.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Henri III Henri d'Anjou was crowned Henri III, King of France in 1575 at Reims, but the feud — the Fifth War—had again flared.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Henri III stuck to a difficult position, trying to defend royal power from the threat of warlords who refused to compromise.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In 1576, the King signed the Beaulieu Information, which granted a number of minor concessions to the Calvinists, but the short-lived Sixth War erupted in 1577.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Henri I, Duke de Guise, formed the Catholic League in order to protect the interests of Catholics in France.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The next feud — the Seventh War (1579—1580) —ended in a draw with with the signing of the Fleix Tract.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The fragile deal ended in 1584, when the youngest brother as well as the presumtive heir of the King of France, François, Duke d'Anjou, mangkat.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Since Henri III was not a son, under the terms of the Sali Law, the next heir to the French throne was Prince Henri de Navarre who was Kalvinist.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Under pressure from the Duke de Guise, Henri III was forced to issue an information abolishing the Protestant madhab and revoking Henri de Navarre's inheritance to the throne of France.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In December 1584, the Tractate of Joinville was signed by the Duke de Guise on behalf of the Catholic League and Felipe II of Spain who promised to contribute considerable annual funds to the Catholic League.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The situation deteriorated into the Eighth War (1585—1589).


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Henri de Navarre once again sought help from the lords of the German praja and Elizabeth I, Queen of England.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Meanwhile, the Parisian Catholics who coalesced under the influence of the Committee of Sixteen were disaffected towards Henri III and his failure to defeat the Calvinists.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

On May 12, 1588, there broke out a people's revolt that barricaded the streets of Paris, and Henri III fled the city.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Committee of Sixteen took over the government and condoned the arrival of the Duke de Guise to Paris.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Duke de Guise then offered a final settlement in the form of the appointment of a puppet heir and urged the holding of the Assembly of Representatives of All Layers of the People, to be held in the city of Blois.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

King Henri decided to attack first.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

On 23 December 1588, at the Château de Blois, Henri de Guise and his brother, Cardinal de Guise, were fished into a trap and killed.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Duke de Guise was a figure whom the French people greatly admired, so his assassination of him resulted in the Catholic League instigating open war against King Henri.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Parliament of Paris drafted a criminal indictment on King Henri, who had united the fighting force with his cousin, Henri de Navarre, to confront the Catholic League.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Charles de Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne took over leadership over the Catholic League, and the Catholic League heralds began printing anti-royalist leaflets using various pseudonyms, while the Sorbonne issued a statement that the impeachment of Henri III was a just act and necessary.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In July 1589, in the royal camp at Saint-Cloud, a monk named Jacques Clément confronted the King and impaled a long blade of knife into his spleen.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Clément was immediately executed on the spot, bringing to death information regarding the person, if indeed anyone, who had told him to.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In a dying state, Henri III summoned Henri de Navarre, and begged him in the interest of the state, to be willing to become an adherent of Catholicism, as well as warning him of the brutal wars that would erupt if he refused.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In accordance with the provisions of the Sali Law, he made Henri his heir.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Henri IV In 1589 Henri de Navarre who had become Henri IV, King of France, controlled the southern and western regions, while the Catholic League controlled the northern and eastern regions of France.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The leadership of the Catholic League at that time was held by the Duke de Mayenne, who had been appointed Lieutenant General of the Kingdom (head of state ad interim).


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

He along with his troops controlled most of the rural areas in Normandie.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

But in September 1589, Henri inflicted a crushing defeat on the Duke de Mayenne in the Battle of Arques.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Bala of Henri's army encroached on the entire Normandie area, seizing town after town during the winter.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The King was aware that he would have to seize Paris if he wanted to rule over all of France.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

But it is not an easy matter.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The proponents and supporters of the Catholic League constantly broadcast tales of vile torture against Catholic padri and lay people in England which had become a Protestant nation (see Forty Martyrs of England and Wales).


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The citizens of Paris were prepared to fight until the point of blood of ordination rather than becoming a Calvinist king.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

King Henri once again came out victorious in the battle of Ivry which occurred on 14 March 1590, and his army soon rushed to besiege Paris, but the siege could be scuppered by the citizens of Paris with Spanish support.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Aware of the truth contained in his late predecessor's testament, that it was impossible for a Protestant king to succeed in the Catholic city of Paris, Henri supposedly flashed his luminary speech, Paris vaut bien une messe (Paris is worth the mass).


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

He was accepted formally a member of the Roman Catholic Church in 1593 and crowned in Chartres in 1594.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

A number of members of the Catholic League wanted to continue fighting, but the number of Catholics who turned back in favor of the king after converting beliefs grew larger so that the party that insisted on staying against the king ended up being powerless.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Spain withdrew its army from France after the signing of the Peace Treaty of Vervins.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Henri was faced with the task of rebuilding a kingdom that was shattered to pieces and fallen impoverished, as well as reunite all of France under one single government.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The war ended with the issuance of the Nantes Information by Henri IV of France, which gave religious tolerance to some degree to the Protestants.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Even if it has always been ruled by Catholic monarchs, France has played a big part in supporting the Protestants in Germany and the Netherlands to fight its rival, the Habsburg predator.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The period of religious wars in France effectively dimmed France as a great power in Europe, giving the opportunity for the Catholic forces in the Holy Roman Empire to again close ranks and restore their combat power.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Great Britain and Ireland the Protestant Reformation entered into England and Ireland when King Henry VIII of England severed ties with the Catholic Church in 1533.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

At that time there were only a handful of Protestant adherents in the midst of English society, and most of them settled in cities located in the south and east of England.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

With the issuance of a royal order to sever relations with Sri Pope in Rome, the Church in England, Wales, and Ireland was placed under the rule of the King and Parliament.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The first major changes in religious teachings and practices occurred during the reign of Vicarist-General Thomas Cromwell, and the recently appointed Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury took office, Thomas Cranmer.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The first challenge to the institutionalization of these changes came from Ireland, where Thomas Fitzgerald's' Silk 'took advantage of the controversy arising from those changes as a justification for the armed rebellion he committed in 1534.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Fitzgerald however failed to gather enough support in Ireland, and in October a force of 1,600 soldiers of England and Wales landed in Ireland, bringing with them four modern besieger guns. [7]


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In the following year Fitzgerald was hounded to helplessness, and in August he could be persuaded to surrender.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Shortly after these events, there arose the opposition of the people to religious changes in England.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The act of closing monasteries carried out since 1536, ignited a rebellion of Catholics in the northern regions of England in the Pilgrimage of Grace movement, which could finally be quelled with full bloodshed.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Reforms continued to be imposed upon the people who were reluctant to accept them by promulgating abominable laws that made opposition to the King's actions in the religious sphere seen as acts of treason threatening the death penalty.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The next massive armed resistance was the Worship Book Rebellion in 1549, which was a failed rebellion in the west of England against the compulsion to replace the Catholic Mass in Latin with an ordinance in English composed by Cranmer.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

After Catholicism was restored in England during the reign of Queen Mary I of England in 1553, there arose a brief rebellion of Protestants in the southeastern areas of England that ended in failure.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Scottish Reformation of the Protestant Reformation in Scotland began with conflict.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The fiery Calvinist preacher, John Knox, came home to Scotland in 1560 after serving a throwaway sentence for involvement in the events of Cardinal Beaton's murder.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

He hurried towards Dundee, where a large number of nobles and Protestant sympathisers had gathered.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The legal protection of Knox's self had been revoked by the Queen's Guardian of Scots, Marie de Guise, but the Protestants soon took refuge in Perth, a fortified city that could be used as a defensive base if besieged.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In the building of St. John the Baptist Church, Knox preached so fiery that it ignited an iconoclastic riot.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Hordes of rioters stormed into the Church building and flagged its entire contents.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Following the pattern of the Kalvinist riot movement in France and the Netherlands, a mob of rioters then attacked two frateran guesthouses in the city, depriving them of gold and silver and destroying the imagery they found.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Marie de Guise also rushed to gather the nobles loyal to her as well as a small army of French soldiers.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Nonetheless, with the arrival of additional Protestant troops from neighbouring areas, the Queen's Guardians were forced to retreat to Dunbar.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

By then hordes of Kalvinist rioters had encroached on much of the central area of Scotland, destroying monasteries and Catholic Church buildings along their passes.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

By 30 June, the Protestants managed to occupy Edinburgh but were only able to defend it for a month.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Before they arrived, hordes of rioters had already pillaged the Church buildings and frateran.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

On July 1, Knox preached in the pulpit of St. Egidius Church, a very influential place in the capital. [8]


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Knox entered into negotiations by letter with William Cecil, Baron Burghley I, Queen Elizabeth's chief adviser, to gain the support of England.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

When additional French troops arrived at Leith, the seaport of the city of Edinburgh, the Protestants responded to it by retaking Edinburgh.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

On 24 October 1559, the Scottish nobility formally dismissed Marie de Guise from the post of Queen's Guardian.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

His secretary, William Maitland of Lethington, defected to the Protestant side, bringing with him the regulatory prowess he possessed.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In this final stage of the revolution of the Protestants, Maitland sought to stir the patriotism of the Scots to rise up against French domination.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Support from England finally arrived at the end of March, Ingris' soldiers in considerable numbers coming to join the Scottish Protestant forces.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Marie de Guise's sudden death at Edinburgh Castle on 10 June 1560 paved the way for the signing of the Edinburgh Tract as well as the withdrawal of the French and English forces from Scotland, leaving the Scottish Calvinists fully in control of the land.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Catholicism was forcibly abolished.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The homecoming of Mary, Queen of Scots to Scotland in 1560, increased tensions between herself and the Protestant Gentlemen of the Church.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Mary favored religious tolerance the French way, but Protestant spiritualists feared Catholicism would be re-enforced and asked England for help to dampen or impeach Mary.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Mary's marriage to a Catholic magnifier prompted Mary's half-brother, Earl Moray, to join the other Protestant magnifiers and revolt overtly.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Mary converted to Stirling on 26 August 1565 to confront them.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Moray and the rebels were defeated and fled abroad, this crucial military action would later be famous as Ambush Sikekekekejar.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Nonetheless by 1567, Mary was able to be incensed by another rebel force on Carberry Hill and imprisoned at Castle Loch Leven, where she was forced to abdicate the throne and bequeath her post to James, her son who was only a year old.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Mary managed to escape Loch Leven the following year, and again managed to gather a small army of soldiers.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

After his reinforcements were defeated at the Battle of Langside on 13 May, he fled to England, where he was imprisoned by Queen Elizabeth.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

His son, James VI, who was nurtured to become a Protestant, would later ascend the throne to become King of England and the King of Scotland.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Northern Revival from 1569 to 1570, was a failed attempt by Catholic nobles from Northern England to impeach Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The English Civil War of England, Scotland, and Ireland, was a personal union under the rule of the Stuart monarchs, James I & VI, who continued Queen Elizabeth I's policy of providing military support to European Protestants in the Netherlands and France.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

King Charles I decided to send a military expeditionary force to relieve the besieged French Huguenots inside the city of La Rochelle by the troops of the Kingdom of France.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

But the authority to withdraw taxes in order to fund the wars is getting longer and harder to get from parliament.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In 1638 the National Covenant of Scotland was signed by the nobility and commoners who harbored dissatisfaction with the royal government.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

A famous revolt under the name of the War of the Bishops erupted shortly afterwards, inflicting defeat on the weakened Royalist stronghold armies in 1640.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The rebels further seized Newcastle upon Tyne thereby further weakening the authority of King Charles.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In October 1641, a major rebellion erupted in Ireland.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Charles also had to raise funds in order to quell this Rebellion.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Meanwhile, English Puritans and Scottish Calvinists were staunchly opposed to the royal decision to merge the Church of England and the Church of Scotland into a single High Church-strewn Anglican Church.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

They were convinced that this policy would make worship become overly Catholic and make their churches have to rely on the authority of bishops.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The English Parliament refused to give a decision regarding granting Charles sufficient funds to defeat the Scots if the King had not willingly removed a large amount of his authority and reformed the English church to be more in line with the teachings of the Calvinist madhab.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The terms of this parliament were slapped by the king, and the deteriorating relationship between the king and parliament flared into war in 1642.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The first recorded battle of the war took place at Edgehill on 23 October 1642 and ended in a draw.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Both the Royalist stronghold and the Parliamentary stronghold claimed to be the victor.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

At the protracted second battle at Turnham Green, Charles was forced to retreat to Oxford.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The city will become its base until the war ends.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

By and large the beginning part of this war benefited Royalist strongholds.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The turning point occurred at the end of the summer and the onset of the autumn of 1643, when the Earl Essex's reinforcements forced the king to break the siege over Gloucester and then repulsed Royalist reinforcements in the Battle of Newbury I on 20 September 1643.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

King Charles attempted to enlarge his army for victory by agreeing a truce with the Catholic rebels in Ireland so as to draw home troops from Ireland to fight to defend the Royalist stronghold in England.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

At the same time Parliamentary strongholds offered concessions to the Scottish people in return if they were willing to help and go to war alongside Parliamentary strongholds.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Thanks to the help of the Scots, the Parliamentary stronghold was able to win the Battle of Marston Moor on 2 July 1644, taking control of York and much of the northern reaches of English territory.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Oliver Cromwell's actions in this battle proved to be the decider of victory, and this battle broke the opportunity to show his leadership talents.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In 1645 Parliament passed the Self-denying Ordinance, which obliged all members of the lower house and upper house within Parliament to relinquish their leadership over their respective army reinforcements so that the entire fighting force of Parliamentary strongholds could be restyled into a Model Army New.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In 1646 King Charles was forced to surrender by the Scots and Parliamentarian forces managed to take control of England.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

King Charles was executed to death in 1649, and the reign of the monarchy ended from then on until it was restored again in 1660.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The interfaith feud still continued at that time in the events of the Great Revolution and even afterwards.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Irish Rebellion of Thomas Silk was an Irish rebellion in 1534.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Séan Ó Néill rebellion was an Irish rebellion ranging from 1558 to 1567.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Ireland has been in constant war since the eruption of the 1641 rebellion.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Much of the island was controlled by the Irish Confederates.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

As it increasingly felt threatened by English Parliamentary reinforcements after King Charles I was detained in 1648, the Irish Confederates signed a treaty of alliance with the English Royalists.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The combined army of the Royalists and Irish Confederates under the lead of the Duke of Ormonde tried to remove Parliamentarian reinforcements from Dublin, but lost to their opponents at the Battle of Rathmines on 2 August 1649.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

When the former member of Parliament, Admiral Robert Blake, blockaded Prince Rupert's fleet at Kinsale, Oliver Cromwell was able to land in Dublin on 15 August 1649 by bringing reinforcements to destroy the Royalist alliance in Ireland.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The eradication of the Royalists in Ireland by Cromwell in 1649 is still abysmal in the memory of many Irish people.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

After the siege of Drogheda, the massacre of nearly 3,500 people—consisting of roughly 2,700 Royalist soldiers and all armed men, including civilians, prisoners, and Catholic padris—became one of the historic memories that sparked the feud Irish-British and Catholic-Protestant for the last three centuries.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Nonetheless, the massacre was more interpreted as a symbol of the Irish understanding of Cromwell's cruelty, as far more people were killed in guerrilla fighting and scorched earth that occurred afterwards in the land than the number of fatalities in the event heinous massacres in Drogheda and Wexford.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The English Parliamentarian's attempts to conquer Ireland continued another four years until in 1653, when the last troops of the Irish Confederates and the Royalists surrendered.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Historians estimate that 30% of the Irish population perished or left for disposal after the war.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The victorious party confiscated almost all of the land belonging to the Irish Catholics after the conquest and distributed it to the creditors of Parliament, the soldiers of Parliament serving in Ireland, and to the Englishmen who had settled in Ireland before the war.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Desmond's rebellion erupted in 1569—1573 and 1579—1583 in the Province of Munster, Ireland.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Scottish civil war The execution of the dead of King Charles I changed the dynamics of the civil war in Scotland which became a feud between the Royalists and the Covenanters since 1644.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

By 1649, this feud had left the Royalists divorced and their former leader, the Marquess Montrose, departed to his disposal.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Nonetheless, Montrose, who had assembled an army of mercenaries in Norway, later returned but unsuccessfully moved the posters of the High Land to support him, and the Covenanters succeeded in conquering his army in the Battle of Carbisdale in Ross-shire on 27 April 1650.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The winning side snubbed Montrose shortly afterwards and dribbled him towards Edinburgh.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

On 20 May the Scottish Parliament imposed a death sentence on him.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

A day later he was executed dead by hanging.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

On 23 June 1650 King Charles II landed the Scots at Garmouth, Moray, and signed the 1638 National Covenant as well as the 1643 Solemn League and Covenant soon after taking to land.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

With support from his followers (the Royalists) and his new allies (the Covenanters), King Charles II emerged as the greatest threat to the recently established English Republic.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Facing this threat, Cromwell also left some of his lieutenants in Ireland to carry on the eradication action of the Irish Royalists and return home to England.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

He arrived in Scotland on 22 July 1650 and soon laid siege to Edinburgh.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

By the end of August, an outbreak of disease and depleting supplies kept the number of his soldiers reduced, so he was forced to order his troops to retreat to his base at Dunbar.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

An army of Scottish warriors under the lead of David Leslie attempted to block the retreat, but Cromwell managed to defeat them at the Battle of Dunbar on 3 September.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Cromwell's forces next captured Edinburgh, and by the end of that year they had successfully occupied much of the south of Scotland.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

In July 1651, Cromwell's forces crossed the Firth of Forth towards Fife and successfully defeated the Scots at the Battle of Inverkeithing on 20 July 1651.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The New Model Army then moved towards Perth, so Charles had the opportunity to lead Scottish army reinforcements inching south into English territory.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Cromwell trailed Charles into English territory, leaving George Monck to complete the assault on Scotland.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Monck seized Stirling on 14 August and Dundee on 1 September.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

A year later, in 1652, a cleansing of the remnants of the resistance of the Royalists based on the contents of the “Tender of Union”.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Although Calvinist armies triumphed in the south and Lowland areas of Scotland, many of the Scottish High Land pooches remained Catholic or Episcopal to show their sympathies.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Catholic puak MacDonald became a victim of the Glencoe Massacre as a result of his late swearing allegiance to the Protestant King William III in 1691.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Highlands were moved to unite in favor of the heirs to the English throne who were Catholic in the Yakobite Rebellion but ended in failure, both when supporting former King James III of the Stuart friars in 1715 and when supporting Charles Edward Stuart in 1745.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Another Pilgrimage of Grace was a people's revolt in Yorkshire in 1536—37 opposing King Henry VIII's decision to separate England from the Roman Catholic Church.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Bigod Rebellion was an armed rebellion carried out by English Catholics in Cumberland and Westmorland against King Henry VIII of England along with the English Parliament.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Denmark In 1524, King Christian II converted beliefs to be a vassal of the Lutheran madhab and invited Lutheran ascendants to Denmark even if it was opposed by the general session of the Danish Parliament of 1524.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

After King Frederik I mangkat in 1533, a war broke out between the Catholics of Tumenggung (Danish:Grev) Christoffer of Oldenburg against Tumenggung Christian of Holstein, a devout Lutheran follower of the madhab.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Shortly after losing the support of the main force at Lübeck, Christoffer suffered a defeat and eventually lost the last defensive base, Copenhagen, in 1536.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Lutheran Mazhab was immediately enforced, Catholic bishops were imprisoned, the land belonging to the monastery and the Church was immediately seized to pay the wages of the soldiers who had helped Christian gain power.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The confiscation of land belonging to the monastery and the Church made the revenue of the Kingdom of Denmark increased to 300%. 1534 to 1536 was the flaring period of the Tumenggung Feud, a civil war that arose as a result of the Protestant Reformation in Denmark.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Related to the Thirty Years' War, in 1625 Christian IV, King of Denmark, and Duke of Holstein, deigned to assist the Lutheran magnifiers in Sachsen Hilir neighbouring Denmark in the face of the fighting forces of the Holy Roman Empire through military intervention.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Danish move is supported by France and Britain who have been willing to contribute funds.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Christian raised himself to be the warlord of the Downstream Sachsen Alliance and assembled a fighting force of 20,000—35,000 mercenaries.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Nonetheless, Christian could be urged to retreat by the combined imperial fighting force under the leadership of Senapati Albrecht von Wallenstein and Senapati Johann T'Serclaes von Tilly.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Wallenstein's army marched north, occupied Mecklenburg, Pommern, and finally managed to occupy the Jutlandia Peninsula.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

But having no sea fleet, Senapati von Wallenstein did not manage to seize the Danish capital at Sjælland Island.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Confident inter-party peace talks resulted in the Lübeck Tract of 1629, which contained a statement that Christian IV could retain his power over Denmark if he ceased to help Protestant praja in Germany.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Casualties The figures below include the number of civilians killed by disease outbreaks, famine disasters, etc., as well as the number of soldiers killed both in combat and due to massacres and genocide.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The end of the wars of the Conflicts in the Holy Roman Empire, France, and the Lowland Countries ended with generally positive results for Protestants, with the issuance of tracts that guaranteed recognition, freedom, or privilege for them.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The German Commoners War ended in failure and commoners had to endure oppression from their landlords, both Protestant and Catholic, while the Three Kingdoms War ended with a republican victory (results vary for each religious classes).


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Huguenot minority in France was barely fulfilled at the end of the 17th century when King Louis XIV issued the Fontainebleau Information.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

See also the English Reform Worms Concordat of Greengrass Referral, Mark.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The European Reformation 1500—1618.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Longman, 1998.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

ISBN0-582-06174-1 MacCulloch, Diarmaid.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

The Reformation: A History.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

New York: Penguin 2003.


Question: has John Hus ever married?

European wars of religion

Category:History of Europe Category:Protestant


Question: what is the vienna phone code?

List of sub-districts and sub-districts in the city of Tangerang

The following is a list of sub-districts and sub-districts in Tangerang City, Banten Province, Indonesia.


Question: what is the vienna phone code?

The city of Tangerang consists of 13 sub-districts and 104 wards with the population in 2017 estimated at 1,651,428 inhabitants and an area of 153.93 km² with a density of 10,728 inhabitants/km². [1]


Question: what is the vienna phone code?

The list of sub-districts and sub-districts in the city of Tangerang, is as follows: Sub-District Country/Village Village/KerahanBatuceper, Tangerang7Benda, Tangerang5Cibodas, Tangerang6Ciledug, Tangerang8Cipondoh, Tangerang10Jatiuwung, Tangerang6Karangtengah, Tangerang7Karawaci, Tangerang16ban, Tangerang8Neglasari, Tangerang7Periuk, Tangerang5Pinang, Tangerang11Tangerang, Tangerang8Total104 History of Regional Expansion of Tangerang City consists of 13 sub-districts and 104 sub-districts.


Question: what is the vienna phone code?

Previously, the area of Tangerang City was part of Tangerang Regency, later upgraded its status to an administrative city, and finally designated as a municipality on 28 February 1993.


Question: what is the vienna phone code?

The designation 'municipality' was replaced with 'city' in 2001.


Question: what is the vienna phone code?

At the time of formation, Tangerang Municipality consisted of only 6 sub-districts, namely: Batuceper Subdistrict (consisting of Neglasari, Selapajang Jaya, Karangsari, Batujaya, Poris Gaga, Batuceper, Benda, Belendung, Jurumudi, Pajang, Kedaung Wetan) District Tangerang (consisting of sub-districts Sukarasa, Sukasari, Tanah Tinggi, Cikokol) Cimone District (consisting of the villages of Pabuaran, Gerendeng, Pabuaran Tumpeng, Bugel, Pasar Baru, Karawaci, Cimone, Karawaci Baru) Ciledug District (consisting of Pedurenan, West Sudimara, East Sudimara, Tajur, Paninggilan, Serab, North Ban, South Prohibition, Cipadu, Kreo, Pondok Bahar, Karang Tengah, Karang Mulya) District Jatiuwung (consisting of Periuk, Gembor, Gebang Raya, Jatiuwung, Keroncong, Jatake, Pasir Jaya, Gandasari, Cibodas, West Panunggangan) Cipondoh District (consisting of Poris sub-district Plawad, Cipete, Panunggangan, Kunciran, Pinang, Gondrong, Petir, Cipondoh) In 2001, when its mention was changed from “Municipality” to “Kota”, were formed 7 new sub-districts and several new sub-districts which were the expansion of their parent districts.


Question: what is the vienna phone code?

The new districts include: Benda Subdistrict, is an expansion of Batuceper District which includes sub-district: Jurumudi Jurumudi Baru (expansion of Jurumudi sub-district Jurumudi) Belendung Pajang Benda Cibodas, is an expansion of Jatiuwung District which includes Village: Jatiuwung Uwung Jaya (expansion from Cibodas village) Cibodas Cibodasari (expansion from Cibodas village) Cibodas Baru (expansion from Cibodas village) West Panunggangan Karangtengah, is an expansion of Ciledug District which includes sub-district: Karang Tengah Karang Mulya Karang Timur (expansion from Karang Tengah village) Pedurenan Pondok Pucung (expansion from Pedurenan village) Pondok Bahar Parung Jaya (expansion from Pondok Bahar village) Subdistrict Prohibition, is an expansion of Ciledug District which includes sub-district: North ban ban ban ban ban ban Selatan Prohibition Indah (expansion from North Prohibition village) Gaga (expansion from South Prohibition village) Cipadu Cipadu Jaya (expansion from Cipadu village) North Kreo (formerly Kreo village) South Kreo (expansion from Kreo village) Neglasari District, is the expansion of Batuceper sub-district which includes sub-district: Karangsari Karanganyar (expansion from Karangsari village) Selapajang Jaya Kedaung Wetan Kedaung Baru (expansion from Kedaung Wetan village) Neglasari Mekarsari (expansion from Neglasari village) Periuk District, is an expansion of the District of Batuceper Jatiuwung which includes sub-districts: Periuk Periuk Jaya (expansion from Periuk village) Gebang Raya Sangiang Jaya (expansion from Gebang Raya) Gembor District Pinang, is the expansion of Cipondoh District which includes sub-district: Cipete Pakojan (expansion from Cipete village) Panunggangan Panunggangan Utara (expansion from Panunggangan village) Panunggangan Timur (expansion from Panunggangan village) Kunciran Indah (expansion from Kunciran village) Kunciran Jaya (expansion from Kunciran village) Pinang Neroktog (expansion from Pinang village) Sudimara Pinang (expansion from Pinang sub-district) As for the new sub-district that was formed but still part of its parent district, namely: Batuceper Subdistrict: Batusari (from Batujaya village) Kebon Besar (from Batuceper sub-district) Poris Gaga Baru (from Poris Gaga sub-district) Poris Jaya (from Poris Gaga village) Ciledug District: Sudimara Jaya (from Sudimara Timur) Sudimara Selatan (from West Sudimara village) North Paninggilan (from Paninggilan village) Cipondoh District: Poris Plawad Utara (from Poris Plawad village) Poris Plawad Indah (from Poris Plawad village) Kenanga (from Gondrong village) Ketapang (from Petir village) Cipondoh Indah (from Cipondoh village) Cipondoh Makmur (from Cipondoh village) District Jatiuwung: Alam Jaya (from Gembor village) Manis Jaya (from Jatake village) Karawaci District: Bojong Jaya (from Karawaci village) Cimone Jaya (from Cimone village) Koang Jaya (from Pasar Baru village) Margasari (from Bugel village) Nambo Jaya (from Pabuaran Tumpeng village) Nusa Jaya (from Karawaci Baru village) Sukajadi (from Gerendeng village) Sumur Pacing (from Pabuaran village) District Tangerang: Sukaasih ( from Sukarasa village) Kelapa Indah (from Cikokol village) Babakan (from Sukasari village) Buaran Indah (from Tanah Tinggi village) Currently, Tangerang City is divided into 13 sub-districts, namely: Batuceper Benda Cibodas Ciledug Ciledug Ciledug Cipondoh Jatiuwung Karangtengah Karawaci Ban Neglasari Periuk Pinang Tangerang District and ZIP Code Here is a list of sub-districts and sub-districts in the city of Tangerang along with their postal code.


Question: what is the vienna phone code?

Reference Outside Category:List of Indonesian Administrative Divisions Category:Subdistricts in Indonesia Category:Kelurahan in Indonesia


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The Ming dynasty (Hanzi: 明, hanyu pinyin: ming chao) (1368 - 1644) was a dynasty of one of two dynasties founded by peasant revolts throughout Chinese history.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

This dynasty was the last ruling dynasty of the Han peoples after the Song Dynasty.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang successfully drove the Mongols back to the north and destroyed the Yuan Dynasty they had founded.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

He founded the Ming dynasty (大明; Dà Míng Guó), with its capital at Yingtian (present-day Nanjing) before his son, Zhu Di, who became the 3rd emperor moved the capital to Shuntian (present-day Beijing).


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Yingtian was later renamed Nanjing (the southern capital).


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The beginning of the Ming Dynasty was marked by times of tranquility and prosperity under the Hongwu Emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The Hongwu Emperor made reforms to the system of government and bureaucracy by forming new bureaucratic organs that offset each other to prevent the emergence of government institutions with too great authority.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

He also undertook economic development, stopping all military expeditions to give the people time and tranquility to perform their responsibilities in their respective fields.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

This policy was successfully marked by an increase in the number of population up to 10,650,000 heads of families or 65,000,000 inhabitants in 1393.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, rebellions were rife throughout the country and at its height, Beijing fell into the hands of rebels led by Li Zicheng.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

This defeat caused Chongzhen to hang himself on the hill behind the Forbidden City.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Li's dispute with Wu Sangui capturing his family in Beijing caused Wu to decide to surrender to the Manchu tribe who later conquered Li Zicheng and took control of Beijing in 1644.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

After Beijing was overrun by the Manchu tribe, they then founded the Qing Dynasty which marked the collapse of the Ming Dynasty.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The remnants of forces loyal to the Ming Dynasty then displaced to southern China and forwarded the resistance separately.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

In history, this force was known as the Southern Ming.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The Southern Ming was then successfully destroyed by the Kangxi Emperor in 1683.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Historical chronology Early standing The end of the Yuan Dynasty Yuan Dynasty was a dynasty founded by the Mongols who were considered a foreign nation by the Han tribes.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The imperial discrimination against the majority Han tribe was imperceptible with caste division based on ethnicity.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The Han tribes were allocated in the two lowest castes of the epoch.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The end of the Yuan Dynasty was also characterized by corrupt rule, high taxes and inflation.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

This was compounded by the arbitrary behavior of the Mongol nobility.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The empire then replaced the currency that had been in circulation since the time of Kublai Khan with a new currency.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

This new currency was then printed in large quantities causing hyperinflation.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The economy is collapsing and famine disasters are ravaging everywhere.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

In 1351, the Yellow River overflowed causing a major flood.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

This disaster aggravated economic conditions that had been deeply chaotic.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The Empire then ordered the entire hundreds of thousands of peasants and soldiers to repair the Yellow River dam.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

This forced labor caused the people's discontent to reach its peak and many commoners died.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Hyperinflation peasant revolt and discontent over forced labor tackling the catastrophic flooding of the Yellow River led to the outbreak of a mass peasant revolt.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The rebellion is known for the Red Serban Rebellion that erupted in May 1351.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The following year, Guo Zixing led a rebellion and succeeded in taking control of the Haozhou region (present-day Fengyang County, Anhui).


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

At this time, Zhu Yuanzhang participated and was meritorious in several battles.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Zhu's services then attracted the attention of Guo who eventually married his adopted daughter to Zhu.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Thereafter, Zhu then left Haozhou and self-reinforced.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

In 1356, under his own power, he successfully conquered Jiqing (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu) and renamed it Yingtian.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

It was Yingtian that later became the new capital after the Ming Dynasty was established.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The founding of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang then decided to be based in Yingtian to concentrate power for the sake of unifying mainland China.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

At the beginning, Zhu's situation in the Yingtian region was very not a strategy for gathering strength in a short time.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Then he received Zhu Sheng's advice to strengthen the defense and focus on logistical improvements and not be too rash to elevate himself to be king.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

This policy caused Zhu to be able to strengthen himself in a short period of time.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

He then attacked another rebel force, Chen Youliang in 1360.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

He then successfully repulsed Chen's forces to Jiangzhou, a coastal region east of Yingtian.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Within three years, Zhu succeeded in destroying Chen's power.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

In 1367, Zhu succeeded in conquering Zhang Shicheng, another rebel and took control of Pingjiang (present-day Suzhou, Jiangsu).


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Within the same year, Zhu also destroyed the forces of Fang Guozhen who at the time controlled the coastal region of Zhejiang.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Following these successes, Zhu Yuanzhang elevated himself as emperor in 1368, beginning the history of the Ming Dynasty for the next 300 years.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

He set Hongwu as the year of reign so he was known also as the Hongwu Emperor.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

In that year, too, the Hongwu Emperor made an expedition north to unite China.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The then-weakened Yuan Empire could not impede the then-high-moral Ming army for victory after victory.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The Yuan capital, Dadu was successfully overrun and grounded by order of the Hongwu Emperor.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The Mongols were then successfully driven back to the Mongol steppe.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

After successfully destroying the Yuan Dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor conquered the Ming rebel Yuzhen in Sichuan in 1371.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Ten years later, the breakdown of the power of King Liang of the Yuan Dynasty in Yunnan cemented the unification of mainland China under the Ming Dynasty.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The early heyday (1368—1436) of Hongwu reign After successfully establishing the Ming Dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor carried out policies to appease the people.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Among these were by restoring the wheel motion of the economy, undertaking bureaucratic reforms of the Yuan Dynasty, relieving the taxes and burdens of peasants and severely punishing the corrupt officials.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

This period is known as the Hongwu reign in history.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The Hongwu Emperor was also an emperor full of suspicion of his ministers.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

He feared imperial officials abusing their authority and power for self-interest which could ultimately threaten and jeopardize his power.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Because of this, he was famous as the emperor who often imposed punishment on his ministers.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

At famous ministers who were assassinated among others were Liau Yongzhong, Zhu Liangxiang, Li Wenzhong, Hu Weiyong, Lan Yu and Chen Ning.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

In the end, almost all of the meritorious imperial officials in the founding of the Ming Dynasty except Tang He were put to death by the Hongwu Emperor.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

After this, the Hongwu Emperor also established an intelligence agency that further strengthened absolute power in his hands.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Jingnan Incident The Jingnan Incident was a bloody coup event due to the seizure of the imperial throne between the Jianwen Emperor and the King of Yan, Zhu Di who subsequently became the Yongle Emperor.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The Jianwen Emperor, Zhu Yunwen was the eldest grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Zhu Yunwen himself was a son of Zhu Biao, Zhu's eldest son who died young before briefly ascending the throne.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

In 1398, the Hongwu Emperor died and was succeeded by the Jianwen Emperor.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Emperor Jianwen at the advice of his ministers, Qi Tai undertook a purge of his political opponents who each had their own power throughout the country.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The political opponents in question are the kings who are actually still their own uncles, sons of the late Hongwu Emperor.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Five kings were successfully dethroned from the throne and served sentences as commoners.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The king of Yan, Zhu Di was the fourth son of the Hongwu Emperor, possessing the most power then staged a coup when he heard that his power would be the target of subsequent purges by the Jianwen Emperor.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Zhu Di eventually made an assault on the capital Nanjing in 1399 on the advice of his advisor Yao Guangxiao.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Civil war broke out between Emperor Jianwen and Zhu Di, but was eventually successfully won by Zhu Di in 1402.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Emperor Jianwen is lost and it is unknown to his fate after this bloody incident.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Zhu Di then ascended the throne with the title of Chengzu, setting the era of rule as the Yongle thus known also as the Yongle Emperor.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Yongle heyday era During the reign of the Yongle Emperor, the Ming experienced its early heyday.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Military expeditions were undertaken by the Yongle Emperor to maintain this glory.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Annam (now Vietnam) was successfully conquered and later became a Ming protectorate.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The Yongle Emperor also led an expedition north to repulse the Mongols into Central Asia in order to prevent any threat from them.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The year 1405, the Yongle Emperor also ordered Zheng He to lead a maritime expedition to the southern seas.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Seven times the expedition sailed the seas all the way to Madagascar.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

In 1406, the imperial palace was built in Beiping (present-day Beijing) and used Beiping as a base for conducting expeditions to Mongolia.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Until 1422, the construction and development of Beiping was rapid and the Yongle Emperor then countered to move the capital from Nanjing to Beiping.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Beiping was later renamed Beijing.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Yongle's reign was marked by peace and rapid progress throughout the country.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

In historical records, this period is known as the Yongle heyday era ().


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

However, behind this heyday, the Yongle Emperor was not a loving emperor.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The punishments handed down to political opponents and opposition were not reduced, marked by the event of the abdication of the death sentences of ten relatives to Fang Xiaoru.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

This is the only event in Chinese history that usually kills only up to nine relatives.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The Yongle Emperor died in 1424 and was succeeded by his son, Zhu Gaochi.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Renxuan's reign After the Yongle Emperor died in 1424, his eldest son Zhu Gaochi ascended the throne to succeed him as emperor.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The era of rule was replaced to Hongxi.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Unfortunately, he died the following year at the age of 48.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Although the era of his reign was very short, the Hongxi Emperor made many important decisions including stopping Zheng He's maritime expeditions and military expeditions.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

He also promoted the production of the people for the sake of economic development, pardoned many political captives, relieved prison sentences and carried out austerity on many fronts.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

After the Hongxi Emperor mangkat, his son Zhu Zhanji passed on the imperial throne and the policies that the father left behind.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

He was enthroned as the Xuande Emperor and was renowned for his proficiency in painting.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Some of his paintings became famous paintings in Chinese history.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

In 1431, Emperor Xuande sensed that the shipping of tribute from the Ming protectorate states was shrinking.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Therefore, he ordered Zheng He to prepare for his seventh maritime expedition.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

This expedition became the last expedition for Zheng He as he later died in Guli, a town on the Indian coast.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Emperor Xuande's reign was tinged with eunuch interference in imperial decrees banned from the reign of the Hongwu Emperor.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Emperor Xuande is also nicknamed as the emperor of cicadas because he is very fond of keeping and fighting cicadas.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

This led to ministers and eunuchs in the palace vying to give gifts of crickets to the emperor.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Although there are various shortcomings above, but at this time the Ming people experience a relatively safe and quiet life.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

This era is known as Renxuan's reign (之) taken from the titles of the two reigning emperors, Renzong and Xuanzong.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Medieval era (1436-1573) Mongol Invasion In 1435, Zhu Qizhen ascended the throne with the title of Yingzong and the era of the Zhengtong years.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The Zhengtong Emperor was the only emperor of the Ming dynasty to rule with two eras of rule, Zhengtong and Tianshun after the restoration of the imperial throne.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The reign of the Zhengtong Emperor was tinged with abuse of authority by the renowned eunuch, Wang Zhen.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Wang was an imperial teacher who was later castrated to become a eunuch within the palace.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Wang blatantly violated the Hongwu Emperor's rule that eunuchs were not allowed to interfere in state affairs.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Over a period of seven years with a background as the emperor's beloved eunuch, his corrupt horns were increasingly rampant.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Along with this, the power of the Oirat tribes in Central Asia increased.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

In 1449, Esen Khan of Oirat invaded Beijing.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Wang Zhen then forced the Zhengtong Emperor to lead directly 500,000 soldiers out of Beijing to withstand the Mongol attack.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

As these troops were untrained and also low morale caused the front line to be defeated by Mongol forces.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Hearing of this defeat, Wang Zhen was then afraid to continue the battle against the Mongols and ordered the entire army to retreat.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Fearing that his hometown would be retreated after the Ming forces passed, he took a further road route causing the Oirat forces to successfully pursue the Ming forces until Tumu Castle.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

In this battle at Tumu castle, Emperor Zhengtong was successfully taken captive by Esen Khan, whereas Wang was killed in battle.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

In some unofficial historical records, it is said that Wang was killed by being killed by the general Fan Zhong, an imperial bodyguard who dissatisfied Wang's horn act.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

However the veracity of these events is not recognized by the official history of the empire.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

These events are known as the Tumu Incident in historical records.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

After news that this incident reached Beijing, ministers worried about their safety if Beijing fell into Oirat's hands proposed to move the capital to Nanjing and give up Beijing.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

However this proposal was rejected by one of the ministers, Yu Qian who then suggested that the younger brother of the Zhengtong Emperor, Zhu Qiyu to pass on the imperial throne for the continuation of the dynasty.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Zhu then ascended the throne with the title of Daizong and the era of Jingtai reign.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Esen Khan got to Beijing but did not manage to take control of Beijing due to the relatively strong defense of the city due to Yu Qian's defense strategy.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Yu Qian then led the Ming forces out of Beijing and repulsed the Oirat forces.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Esen Khan then retreated with his army by taking the Zhengtong Emperor as a captive.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Yu Qian did not concern the peace offer from Esen Khan as ransom upon the Zhengtong Emperor, but drew up a stronger defense strategy and further drove out the Oirat forces further north.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Esen Khan treated the Zhengtong Emperor well and then released him after feeling that there was no point in charming the emperor again in 1450.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

The restoration of Zhengtong Emperor Zhengtong Emperor released by Esen Khan then went home to Beijing.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Unfortunately, his return was not greeted happily by Emperor Jingtai, the younger brother who was enthroned to succeed him during his captive.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Although on the advice of ministers, Emperor Jingtai gave him the title of Supreme Emperor, but he did not come out welcoming Emperor Zhengtong at the city gate, instead dropping him as house arrest in the Southern Palace.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Furthermore, Zhu Jianshen who was formerly the crown prince was revoked his title and succeeded by Emperor Jingtai's son, Zhu Jianji who shortly thereafter died of illness.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

As soon as Zhu Jianji, Emperor Jingtai who had no other sons did not also restore Zhu Jianshen's position as crown prince.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

In 1457, Emperor Jingtai became seriously ill and several ministers planned a coup to restore Yingzong as emperor.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

This coup led to several ministers loyal to Jingtai being sentenced to death, among them Yu Qian.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Emperor Jingtai then demoted his position to king and died a month later.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Instead, Yingzong was re-enthroned as emperor with the era of the Tianshun years.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

Region Administrative division At the beginning of the founding of the Ming Dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor continued the administration of the previous dynasty, but later made reforms to limit the authority of local officials.


Question: Is it a historical relic of the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Dynasty

See also List of Ming Dynasty Emperors Reference Wanli Shiwu Nian《十五年|十五年》，Huang Renyu，明》，ISBN 7-108-00982-X/K·211 Xishuo Mingchao《明》，Li Dongfang 東方， 上海人民明》，Li Dongfang 東方， 上海人民明》，Li Dongfang 東方， 上海人 8-02512-6


Question: Who is the president of the United States in 2010?

List of President of the United States

Under the United States Constitution, the President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the state of the United States.


Question: Who is the president of the United States in 2010?

List of President of the United States

As head of the executive branch and head of the federal government as a whole, the president is the highest political office in the United States by influence and recognition.


Question: Who is the president of the United States in 2010?

List of President of the United States

The President is also the Commander-in-Chief of the United States Armed Forces.


Question: Who is the president of the United States in 2010?

List of President of the United States

The President is elected indirectly for a four-year term by the Commission (referred to as English: Electoral College) or by the House of Representatives (English: House of Representatives) if the Electoral College fails to determine an absolute majority of votes for each candidate.


Question: Who is the president of the United States in 2010?

List of President of the United States

Since the ratification of the 22nd Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1951. [1]


Question: Who is the president of the United States in 2010?

List of President of the United States

The President must be at least 35 years old and “born” a citizen of the United States.


Question: Who is the president of the United States in 2010?

List of President of the United States

This list includes only persons who were sworn in as president after ratification of the United States Constitution, which went into effect on March 4, 1789, not included in the coverage of the President of the Continental Congress. [2]


Question: Who is the president of the United States in 2010?

List of President of the United States

List of Presidents Records Positions occupied after serving as President Four former Presidents of the United States occupied a post upon completion of serving as President.


Question: Who is the president of the United States in 2010?

List of President of the United States

Several former Presidents of the United States who failed to occupy a post after finishing serving as President.


Question: Who is the president of the United States in 2010?

List of President of the United States

In addition, one former president, John Tyler, served within the government of the Confederate States during the American Civil War.


Question: Who is the president of the United States in 2010?

List of President of the United States

Tyler occupied a post within the Provisional Confederate Congress from 1861 to 1862.


Question: Who is the president of the United States in 2010?

List of President of the United States

Tyler was elected a Member of the American Condeferential House of Representatives in November 1861, but Tyler died before occupying the post.


Question: Who is the president of the United States in 2010?

List of President of the United States

See also United States History United States Politics List of United States figures Continental Congress List of Vice Presidents of the United States Reference Biodata of world president Donal Trump Outlink Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who is the president of the United States in 2010?

List of President of the United States

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who is the president of the United States in 2010?

List of President of the United States

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who is the president of the United States in 2010?

List of President of the United States

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who is the president of the United States in 2010?

List of President of the United States

— Internet Public Library Category:Presidents of the United States Category:Presidents lists


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, widely also called the Roman Catholic Church, [note 1] is the largest Christian Church in the world, and is estimated to have 1.3 billion congregations, roughly half of all Christians [note 2] and one-sixth of the world's population.


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

The Catholic Church is a communion (communion) of the Western Rite Catholic Church (Roman Catholic Church) and 23Eastern Catholic Churches, which formed 2,795dioceses as of 2008.


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

These 24 Churches are referred to as particular churches).


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

The Particular Church with the largest number of parishioners within the Catholic Church is the Western Rite Catholic Church/Latin Rite/Roman Catholic Church.


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

The Particular Church with the 2nd largest number of parishioners within the Catholic Church is the Ukrainian Catholic-Greek Church.


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

The highest earthly authority of this Church in matters of faith, morals and government is Sri Pope, [15] currently Pope Francis, who holds supreme authority together with the House of Bishops, which he chaired. [16] [17] [18] The Catholic community consists of a servant (spiritual) and Lay people; both spiritual and lay people can also become members of religious communities. [19]


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

This church defines that its mission is to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ, provide sacramental-sacrament services and perform works of charity. [20]


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

The church runs programs and social institutions around the world, including schools, universities, hospitals, missions and housing, as well as organizations such as Catholic Relief Services, Caritas Internationalis and Catholic Charities which help the papa, the families, the decrepit, and the sick. [21]


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

Through apostolic succession, this Church believes itself to be a continuation of the Christian community founded by Jesus by ordaining St. Peter, a view also professed by many historians. [22]


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

The church established its doctrines through various ecumenical councils, emulating the first apostles in the Jerusalem Council. [23]


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

On the basis of Jesus' promises to his apostles indicated in the Gospels, this Church believes that he is guided by the Holy Spirit and therefore protected from doctrine errors. [24] [25] [26] Catholic beliefs are based on a deposit of faith (covering both Scripture and Sacred Tradition) inherited from the time of the Apostles, and which is interpreted by the Church Teaching Authority.


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

Those beliefs are summarized in the Nicaese Creed, and formally detailed in the Catechism of the Catholic Church.


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

Formal Catholic worship, called liturgy, is governed by Church authorities.


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

The Eucharist, one of the seven sacraments of the Church and an essential part of any Catholic Mass or Eastern Catholic Holy Liturgy, is the center of Catholic worship.


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

With a history stretching back two millennia, the Church is one of the oldest institutions in the world [27] and has been instrumental in the history of Western civilization since at least the 4th century. [28]


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

In the 11th century, a major schism, sometimes called the Schism of Akbar, occurred between Eastern and Western Christianities that mainly resulted from imperceptibility regarding papal primation.


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

The Eastern Churches that remained and later re-established communion with the Bishop of Rome, Sri Pope, formed the Eastern Catholic Churches, and Churches that remained outside the papal authority were usually known as the Eastern Orthodox Churches.


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

In the 16th century, also in response to the rise of the Protestant Reformation in Western Europe, it organized a process of internal reform and renovation, known as the Counter-Reformation.


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

Although this Church states that it is “the one, holy, catholic, and apostolic church,” founded by Jesus Christ, where people can find the fullness of the means of salvation, [29] [30] It also recognizes that the Holy Spirit can use other Christian communities to leads people to salvation. [31] [32] This church believes that he is called by the Holy Spirit to strive for unity among all Christians, a church known as ecumenism. [32]


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

Modern challenges facing the Church include the rise of secularism and opposition to its stance on abortion, euthanasia, contraception, and sexual morality. [33]


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

Terminology Part of a series onChristianity Jesuschrist Jesus in Christianity Virgin birth Crucifixion Resurrection BibleFoundations Old Testament New Testament Gospel Canon Books of the Bible Church Creed New Covenant Theology God Trinity Father Son Holy Spirit Apologetics Baptism Christology History of Theology Mission Salvation HistoryTradition Apostles Peter Paul Mary Early Christianity Church Fathers Constantine Councils Augustine East—West Schism Crusades Aquinas Reformation Luther DenominationsGroups Western Catholic Protestant Adventist Anabaptist Anabaptist Anglican Baptist Calvinist Evangelical Holiness Lutheran Methodist Pentecostal Eastern Assyrian Eastern Orthodox Oriental Orthodox Nontrinitarian Jehovah's Witness Latter Day Saint Oneness Pentecostal Related topics Art Criticism Ecumenism Liturgy Music Other religions Prayer Sermon Symbolism Christianity portalvt Throughout its history, the Church described in this article used many names, among others “Church”, “Catholic Church”, and “Roman Catholic Church”.


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

The name “Catholic Church” is used to distinguish it from other Churches that are not in full communion (full communion) with the Bishop of Rome, namely Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Anglican, and various Protestant denominations.


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

The name “Roman Catholic Church” was first used by Protestants to call the entire Church faithful to the Bishop of Rome.


Question: is roman catholic any different than catholicism in general?

Roman Catholic Church

However this name has also been used by Catholics themselves since the 17th century, both in English, French, and Latin, to introduce their faith especially in regards to their communion with the throne of the diocese of Rome.