Question: who are Raymond Hart Massey's parents?

List of British figures

The following is a list of English personalities Actor and actress Thomas Brodie-Sangster (born 1990) Asa Butterfield (born 1997) Kaya Scodelario (born 1992) Dame Julie Andrews (born 1935) Vanessa Angel (born 1966) Gabrielle Anwar (born 1970) Gemma Arterton (born 1986) Christian Bale (born 1974) Mischa Barton (born 1986) Mathew Baynton (born 1980) Tom Baker (born 1934) Eliza Bennett actress (born 1992) Sean Bean (born 1959) Kate Beckinsale (born 1973) Richard Beckinsale (1947—1979) Martin Benson (1918—2010) Steven Berkoff (born 1937) Brian Blessed (born 1937) Emily Blunt actress born 1983) Orlando Bloom (born 1977) Richard Briers (born 1934) Kelly Brook (born 1979) Kathy Burke (born 1964) Saffron Burrows actress/model (born 1972) Sebastian Cabot (1918—1977) Sir Michael Caine (born 1933) Kim Cattrall (born 1956) Helena Bonham Carter actress (born 1966) Sacha Baron Cohen (born 1971) Joan Collins (born 1933) Daniel Craig (born 1968) Michael Crawford (born 1942) Mackenzie Crook (born 1971) Benedict Cumberbatch (born 1976) Tim Curry (born 1946) Anthony Dawson (1916—1992) Daniel Day-Lewis (born 1957) Roger Delgado (1918—1973) Dame Judi Dench (born 1934) Sarah Douglas (born 1952) Minnie Driver actress (born 1970) Tamsin Egerton actress (born 1988) Idris Elba (born 1972) Jennifer Ellison actress (born 1983) Jennifer Ehle actress (born 1969) Alice Eve actress (born 1982) Rupert Everett (born 1959) Craig Fairbrass (born 1964) Tom Felton (born 1987) ) Ralph Fiennes (born 1962) Colin Firth (born 1960) Dexter Fletcher (born 1966) Jamie Foreman (born 1958) George Formby (1904—1961) Claire Forlani actress (born-1972) Anna Friel (born 1976) Emilia Fox actress (born 1974) Martin Freeman actor (born 1971) Sadie Frost actress (born 1965) Sir Michael Gambon (born 1940) Romola Garai actress (born 1982) Patricia Garwood (born 1941) Sir John Gielgud (1904—2000) Stephen Graham (born 1973) Sienna Guillory actress (born 1975) Cary Grant (1904—1986) Hugh Grant (born 1960) Leslie Grantham (born 1947) Sydney Greenstreet (1879—1954) Gregson (1919—1975) Rupert Grint (born 1988) Sir Alec Guinness (1914—2000) Brian Hall (1937—1997) Rebecca Hall actress (born 1982) Frank Harper (born 1962) Jack Hawkins (1910—1973) Will Hay (1888—1949) Audrey Hepburn Actress/icon (1929—1993) Dame Wendy Hiller (1912—2003) (1890—1982 ) Bob Hoskins (born 1942) Nicholas Hoult (born 1989) Leslie Howard (actor) Annie Hulley (born 1955) Elizabeth Hurley actress (born 1965) John Hurt (born 1940) Jeremy Irons (born 1948) Sir David Jason (born 1940) Aaron Johnson (born 1990) Boris Karloff (1887—1969) Toby Kebbell (born 1982) William Kempe (died 1603) Sir Ben Kingsley (born 1943) Keira Knightley (born 1985) Charles Laughton (1899—1962) Stan Laurel (1890—1965) Hugh Laurie (born 1959) Jude Law (born 1972) Vivien Leigh (1913—1967) Jane Leeves actress (born 1961) Joanna Lumley (born 1946) Margaret Lockwood (1916—1990) Roy Marsden (born 1941) Anna Massey actress (1937—2011) Martine McCutcheon actress (born 1976) Sir Ian McKellen (born 1939) Wentworth Miller (born 1972) Sienna Miller (born 1981) Hayley Mills (born 1946) Sir John Mills (1908—2005) Dame Helen Mirren (born 1945) Dominic Monaghan (born 1976) Samantha Morton actress (born 1977) Sir Roger Moore (born 1927) Nick Moran (born 1969) Kenneth More (1914—1982) Billy Murray (born 1941) Carey Mulligan actress (born 1985) Sophia Myles actress (born 1980) Parminder Nagra (born 1975) Anthony Newley (1931—1999) Bill Nighy (born 1949) David Niven (1910—1983) Merle Oberon (born 1911—1979) Sophie Okonedo (born 1969) Gary Oldman (born 1958) Sir Laurence Olivier (1907—1989) Clive Owen (born 1964) Cecil Parker (1897—1971) Robert Pattinson (born 1986) Simon Pegg (born 1970) Alex Pettyfer (1990) Rosamund Pike (born 1979) Per actress (born 1982) Dominic Purcell (born 1970) Daniel Radcliffe (born 1989) Oliver Reed (1938—1999) Joely Richardson (born 1965) Miranda Richardson (born 1958) Natasha Richardson (1963—2009) Sir Ralph Richardson (1902—1983) Alan Rickman (born 1946) Tim Roth (born 1958) Dame Margaret Rutherford (1892—1972) George Sanders (born 1906—1972) Andrew Scarborough (born 1973) Peter Sellers (1925—1980) Jane Seymour actress (born 1951) Robert Shaw (born 1927—1978) Nicollette Sheridan actress (born 1963) Dame Maggie Smith (born 1934) Matt Smith (born 1982) Terence Stamp (born 1939) Patrick Stewart (born 1940) Rachel Stevens actress/singer (born 1978) Dame Elizabeth Taylor (born 1932) Juno Temple actress (born 1989) Emma Thompson (born 1959) Kristin Scott Thomas actress (born 1960) Patrick Troughton (1920—1987) Sir Peter Ustinov (1921—2004) Julie Walters (born 1950) Jack Warner (1896—1981) Naomi Watts actress (born 1968) Emily Watson (born 1967) Emma Watson (born 1990) Rachel Weisz (born 1971) Dominic West (born 1969) Ed Westwick (born 1987) Rosie Huntington-Whiteley (born 1987) Michael Wilding (1912—1979) Tom Wilkinson (born 1948) Kate Winslet (born 1975) Ray Winstone (born 1957) Joseph Morgan (born 1981) Daniel Nur Ijlal (born 2000).


Question: who are Raymond Hart Massey's parents?

List of British figures

Archaeologist and anthropologist George Adamson (1906—1989) Leslie Alcock (1925—2006) Mick Aston (born 1946) Richard Atkinson (1920—1994) Edward Russell Ayrton (1882—1914) Churchill Babington (1821—1889) Philip Arthur Barker (1920—2001) Thomas Bateman (1821—1861) James Theodore Bent (1852—1897) Bibby (1917—2001) Howard Carter (1874—1939) Grahame Clark (1907—1995) David Clarke (1937—1976) Barry Cunliffe (born 1939) Glyn Daniel (1914—1986) John Disney (1779—1857), barrister and archaeologist E. E. Evans-Pritchard (1902—1973), social anthropologist Cyril Fox (1882—1967) (1892—1968) William Greenwell (1820—1918) Phil Harding (born 1950) Kathleen Kenyon (1906—1978) John Leland (1502—1552), antiquary John Lubbock (1834—1913), banker, politician, naturalist and archaeologist Francis Pryor (born 1945) John Robert Mortimer (1825—1911) Colin Renfrew (born 1937), archaeologist Alice Roberts (born 1937) born 1973), anatomist, osteoarchaeologist and anthropologist Andrew Sherratt (1946—2006) E. B. Tylor (1832—1917), anthropologist Mortimer Wheeler (1890—1976) Architect Hubert Austin (1845—1915) Charles Barry (1795—1860), (Houses of Parliament) George Basevi (1794—1845) William Burges (1827—1881) and designer William Butterfield (1814—1900), leader in Gothic revival movement William Chambers (1723—1796), (Kew Gardens Pagoda and Somerset House) John Douglas (1830—1911) Sir Norman Foster (born 1935) James Harrison (1814—66) Thomas Harrison (1744—1829) Nicholas Hawksmoor (1661—1736) Inigo Jones (1573—1652) Edmund Kirby (1838—1920) Denys Lasdun (1914—2001) Thomas Lockwood (1830—1900) Edwin Lutyens (1869—1944) William Morris (1834—1896), architect and author John Nash (1752—1835), (Regent's Park, St James's Park, Trafalgar Square), Henry Paley (1859—1835) 1946) Joseph Paxton (1801—1865), ( The Crystal Palace for The Great Exhibition, London) Thomas Mainwaring Penson (1818—64) August Pugin (1812—1852), (Houses of Parliament) Richard Rogers (born 1933), (Pompidou Centre) Anthony Salvin (1799—1881) Gilbert Scott (1880—1960), (Waterloo Bridge, also rebuilt the House of Commons, London) Edmund Sharpe (1809—77) John William Simpson (1858—1933) John Vanbrugh (1664—1726), Baroque architect (Blenheim Palace) Derek Walker (born 1929) Alfred Waterhouse (1830—1905), (Natural History Museum, London) William Wilkins (1778—1839), (National Gallery, London) Christopher Wren (1632—1723) Artist Sophie Gengembre Anderson (1823—1903), painter Richard Ansdell (1815—1885), painter Banksy (born c. 1974), graffiti artist Aubrey Beardsley (1872—1898) illustrator Sir Peter Blake born 1932, pop artist William Blake (1757—1827), painter, poet Sir Anthony Caro (born 1924) sculptor John Constable (1776—1837), landscape painter Tracey Emin (born 1963), conceptual artist Thomas Gainsborough (1727—1788), painter Andy Goldsworthy (born 1956), sculptor (Land Art) Antony Gormley OBE RA (born 1950) sculptor James Henry Govier (1910—1974), painter, etcher and engraver Steven Harris (cartoonist) (born 1975) cartoonist Thomas Hazlehurst (c. 1740 — c. 1821), miniature painter Dame Barbara Hepworth DBE (1903—1975) sculptor Jamie Hewlett (born 1968), comic book artist and designer Nicholas Hilliard (1547—1619) miniature painter Damien Hirst (born 1965), sculptor/ Conceptual artist David Hockney (born 1937), painter Sir Howard Hodgkin (born 1932) painter William Hogarth (1697—1764), painter, engraver William Holman Hunt (1827—1910) Sir Edwin Landseer (1802—1873), animal painter Richard Long (born 1945) land artist Chris Ofili (born 1968) John Everett Millais (1829—1896) painter Henry Moore (1898—1986), sculptor William Morris (1834—1896) George Passmore (born 1942), artist (Gilbert & George) Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723—1792), portrait painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828—1882), painter Bridget Riley (born 1931), painter Sir Stanley Spencer (1891—1959), painter George Stubbs (1724—1806) painter Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775—1851), landscape and marine artist Flora Twort (1893—1985), painter Mark Wallinger (born 1959) conceptual artist Rachel Whiteread (born 1963) sculptor Joseph Wright of Derby (1734—1797), Enlightenment painter Broadcaster Michael Aspel (born 1933) David Attenborough (born 1926), naturalist and broadcaster Jeremy Clarkson (born 1960), T.V. Presenter, broadcaster and writer.


Question: who are Raymond Hart Massey's parents?

List of British figures

Simon Cowell (born 1959), T.V. personality, record producer Ray Mears (born 1964), Author, T.V. presenter and survival expert Sir Patrick Moore (born 1923), Writer, T.V. Presenter, Astronomer.


Question: who are Raymond Hart Massey's parents?

List of British figures

Michael Parkinson (born 1935), Presenter of British television chat show Parkinson John Peel (1939—2004), disc jockey, radio presenter, record producer and journalist Jonathan Ross (born 1960) Jimmy Savile (1926—2011), disc jockey, T.V. presenter and media personality.


Question: who are Raymond Hart Massey's parents?

List of British figures

Businessman Sir Richard Branson (born 1950) Sir John Brunner (1842—1919), chemicals Frank Bustard (1886—1974), shipping Joseph Crosfield (1792—1844), soap and chemicals Abraham Darby (c. 1678 — 1717), ironmaster William Gossage (1799—1877), soap and chemicals Philip Green (born 1952), retail James Hanson, Baron Hanson (1922—2004), industrialist Thomas Hazlehurst (1779—1842), soap and alkali Robert Spear Hudson (1812—1884), soap powder John Hutchinson (1825—65), alkaline Peter Jones (born 1966) Sir Freddie Laker (1922—2006), pioneer of cheap air travel William Losh (1770—1861), Alkali Alfred (1868—1930)) , chemicals Henry Mond (1898—1949), chemicals Julian Mond (1925—73), industrialist Stephan Morais (born 1973) William Morris, 1st Viscount Nuffield (1877—1963) Edmund Knowles Muspratt (1833—1923), industrialist Richard Muspratt (1822—85), industrialist Charles Roe (1715—1781), silk Titus Salt (1803) —1876), industrialist Sir Ivan Stedeford (1897—1975), industrialist Sir Alan Sugar (born 1947), electronics Richard Tompkins (1918—1992), Green Shield trading stamps Josiah Wedgwood (1730—1795), industrialist Chef Jamie Oliver (born 1975) Delia Smith (born 1941) Rick Stein (born 1947) Floyd (1943—2009) Nigella Lawson (born 1960) James Martin (born 1972) Antony Worrall Thompson (born 1951) Marco Pierre White (born 1961) Heston Blumenthal (born 1966) Gordon Ramsay (born 1966) Religious Pope Adrianus IV (c. 1100 — 1159), only English Pope Thomas Arundel (1353—1414), Archbishop of Canterbury Richard Bancroft (1544—1610), Archbishop of Canterbury Richard Barnes (1532—1587), bishop Archbishop Lawrence Booth, of York (1420—1480) William Charles Cotton (1813—79), missionary and beekeeper Thomas Cranmer (1489—1556), Archbishop of Canterbury Gildas (c. 510 — c. 570), Monk Trevor Huddleston (1913—1998), anti-Apartheid activist John Leland (1691—1766), English Presbyterian minister John Henry Newman (1801—1890), Catholic cardinal Plegmund (died 923), Archbishop of Canterbury William Smyth (c. 1460 — 1514), bishop Charles Spurgeon (1834—1892), Particular Baptist Minister Simon Sudbury (died 1381), Archbishop of Canterbury Joshua Toulmin (1740—1815), radical Dissenting minister John Wesley (1703—1791), Methodist Minister and Criminal Evangelist Myra Hindley (1942—2002), Moors murderer Ian Huntley (born 1974), Soham murderer The Kray twins (Ronald 1933—1995, Reginald 1933— 2000), east London gangsters Harold Shipman (1946—2004), possibly the most prolific serial killer worldwide — convicted of 15 — probably killed over 250 [1] Peter Sutcliffe (born 1946), Yorkshire Ripper Fred West (1941—1995) and Rosemary West (born 1953), serial killers Steve Wright (born 1958), serial killer Graham Young (1947—1990), The Teacup Poisoner Conspirator Guy Fawkes (1570—1606) Economist R. G. D. Allen (1906—1983), economist, mathematician, and statistician Norman Angell (1872—1967) — British internationalist and economist William Beveridge (1879—1963), economist and social reformer Edwin Cannan (1861—1935), economist and historian Colin Clark (1905—1989), British and Australian economist Ronald Coase (born 1910), Nobel Prize winning economist Friedrich Hayek (1899—1992) — Nobel Prize winning Economics John Hicks (1904—1989), Nobel Prize winning economist William Stanley Jevons (1835—1882), economist and logician John Maynard Keynes (1883—1946), economist John Neville Keynes (1852—1949), economist, father of John Maynard Keynes Arthur Lewis (1915—1991), economist Thomas Malthus (1766—1834), demographer Alfred Marshall (1842—1924), economist Mary Paley Marshall (1850) —1944), economist, wife of Alfred Marshall James Meade (1907—1995), Nobel Prize winning economist John Stuart Mill (1806—1873), philosopher and economist Arthur Cecil Pigou (1877—1959), economist Lionel Robbins (1898—1984), economist Joan Violet Robinson (1903—1983), economist Richard Stone (1913— 1991), Nobel Prize winning economist Robert Torrens (1780—1864), army officer and economist Philip Wicksteed (1844—1927), economist Engineer Sir Benjamin Baker (1840—1907), civil engineer William Baker (1817—1878), railway engineer Joseph Bazalgette (1819—1891), civil engineer James Beatty (1820— 1856) railway engineer Sir Henry Bessemer (1813—1898), metallurgy engineer James Brindley (1716—1772), canal engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806—1859), transport engineer Sir Sydney Camm (1894—1966), aeronautical engineer Donald Campbell, railway engineer William Tierney Clark (1783—1852), civil engineer engineer Sir Geoffrey de Havilland (1882—1965), aeronautical engineer Sir John Ambrose Fleming (1848—1945), electrical engineer Tommy Flowers (1908—1998), designer and builder of the first electronic computer Eric Laithwaite (1908—1998), engineer William Mackenzie (1794—1851), civil engineer and contractor R. J. Mitchell (1895—1937), aeronautical engineer Sir Henry Royce (1863—1933), engineer George Stephenson (1781—1848), railway engineer Nevil Shute (1899—1960), aeronautical engineer and author Thomas Telford (1757—1834), engineer Sir Barnes Wallis (1887—1978), engineer John Webster (1845— 1914), engineer Sir Joseph Whitworth (1803—1887), engineer Explorer Gertrude Bell (1868—1926), traveller in Iraq Capt. James Cook (1728—1779), sailor explorer Charles Montagu Doughty (1843—1926), explorer in the Middle East Sir Francis Drake (c. 1540 — 1596) Sir Ranulph Fiennes (born 1944), listed as the “greatest living explorer” by the Guinness Book of Records Rob Gauntlett (1987—2009), youngest Briton to summit Everest Michael Palin (born 1943) Sir Walter Raleigh (c. 1552 — 1618) Robert Falcon Scott (1868—1912) Antarctic explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton (1874—1921) “Sir Ernest Shackleton's name will for evermore be engraved with letters of fire in the history of Antarctic exploration” Roald Amundsen Freya Stark (1893—1993), Middle East explorer Wilfred Thesiger (1910—2003), explorer in East Africa and the Middle East Filmmaker Richard Attenborough (born 1923) John Boorman (born 1933) John and Roy Boulting (1913—1985 and 1913—2001) Charlie Chaplin (1889—1977) Alan Clarke (1935—1990) Mike Figgis (born 1948) Lewis Gilbert (born 1920) David Hare (born 1947) Alfred Hitchcock (1899—1980) Peter Howitt (born 1957) Humphrey Jennings (1907—1950) Stan Laurel (1890 1965) David Lean (1908—1991) Mike Leigh (born 1943) Ken Loach (born 1936) Nick Love (born 1969) Anthony Minghella (1954—2008) Mike Newell (born 1942) Christopher Nolan (born 1970) Nick Park (born 1958) Michael Powell (1905—1990) Guy Ritchie (born 1968) Ken Russell (1927—2011) born 1942) Tony Scott (1948—2012) Historian William Camden (1551—1623) Edward Gibbon (1737—1794) Sir Peter Leycester (1614—78), historian and antiquarian George Ormerod (1785—1873), historian and antiquary John Speed (1542—1629), historian and cartographer A.J.P. Taylor (1906—1990) historian Comedian Chris Addison (born 1972) Chesney Allen (1893—1982) Stephen K. Amos (born 1967) Rowan Atkinson (born 1955) Richard Ayoade (born 1977) Ronnie Barker (1929—2005) Sacha Baron Cohen (born 1971) Julian Barratt (born 1968) Matt Berry (born 1974) John Bird (born 1936) Jo Brand (born 1936) Born 1957) Charlie Brooker (born 1971) Adam Buxton (born 1969) Roy 'Chubby' Brown (born 1945) Alan Carr (born 1976) Jimmy Carr (born 1972) Jasper Carrott (born 1945) Graham Chapman (1941—1989) John Cleese (born 1939) Steve Coogan (born 1965) Peter Cook (1937—1995) Tommy Cooper (1921—1984) Barry Cryer (born 1935) Jon Culshaw (born 1968) Jim Davidson (born 1953) Les Dawson (1931—1993) Angus Deayton (born 1956) Hugh Dennis (born 1962) Ken Dodd (born 1929) Adrian Edmondson (born 1957) Jo Enright (born 1968) Lee Evans (born 1964) Noel Fielding (born 1973) Bud Flanagan (born 1896—1968) ) John Fortune (born 1939) Dawn French (born 1957) Stephen Fry (born 1958) Ricky Gervais (born 1961) Tony Hancock (1924—1968) Jeremy Hardy (born 1961) Miranda Hart (born 1972) Richard Herring (born 1967) Lenny Henry (born 1958) Matthew Holness Russell Howard (born 1980) Lee Hurst 1963) Eric Idle (born 1943) Robin Ince (born 1969) Eddie Izzard (born 1962) Jethro (born 1948) Russell Kane (born 1980) Peter Kay (born 1973) Hugh Laurie (born 1959) Stewart Lee (born 1968) Alice Lowe (born 1977) Matt Lucas (born 1974) Lee Mack (born 1968) Bernard Manning (1930—2007) Mayall (born 1958) Alistair McGowan (born 1964) Rory McGrath (born 1956) Patrick McGuinness (born 1973) Stephen Merchant (born 1974) Paul Merton (born 1957) Sarah Millican (born 1975) David Mitchell (born 1974) Bob Monkhouse (1928—2003) Eric Morecambe (1926—1984) Chris Morris (born 1962) Bob Mortimer (born 1959) Frank Muir (1920—1998) Al Murray (born 1968) Denis Norden (born 1922) John Oliver (born 1977) Michael Palin (born 1943) Andy Parsons (born 1967) Sue Perkins (born 1969) Lucy Porter (born 1973) Jan Ravens (born 1958) Vic Reeves (born 1959) Mike Reid (born 1940—2007) Jennifer Saunders (born 1958) Peter Sellers (1925—1980) Frank Skinner (born 1957) Arthur Smith (born 1954) Freddie Starr (born 1944) Tracey Ullman (born 1959) Tim Vine (born 1967) David Walliams (born 1971) Holly Walsh (born 1980) Robert Webb (born 1972) Jack Whitehall (born 1988) Wisdom (1915—2010) Ernie Wise (1925—1999) Inventor Sir Timothy Berners-Lee (born 1955), inventor of the World Wide Web Hubert Cecil Booth (1871—1955), inventor of the vacuum cleaner Joseph Bramah (1748—1814), inventor of the hydraulic press (beer pump) Christopher Cockerell (1910—1999) the hovercraft William Congreve (1772—1828), rocketry pioneer Abraham Darby (c. 1678 — 1717), ironmaster James Dyson (born 1947), inventor James Hargreaves (1720—1778), weaver and inventor Sir John Harington (1561—1612), poet and inventor of the first water closet John Harrison (1693—1776) clockmaker Rowland Hill (1795—1879), inventor of the modern postal service Archibald Low (1888—1956), radio guidance Thomas Newcomen (1664—1729), inventor Sir Isaac Newton (1642—1727), founder of modern physics, inventor of the reflector telescope James Starley (1831—1881), bicycle pioneer George Stephenson (1781—1848), engineer Joseph Wilson Swan (1823—1914), inventor of the light bulb Charles Wheatstone (1802—1875), inventor Sir Frank Whittle (1907—1996), inventor of the jet engine Sir Henry Cavendish (1731—1810), discoverer of hydrogen Journalist/newsreader Mark Austin (born 1958) Reginald Bosanquet (1932—1984) Michael Buerk (born 1946) Sir Alastair Burnet (1928-2012) Jill Dando (1961—1999) Sir Robin Day (1923—2000) Katie Derham (born 1970) Peter Donaldson (born 1945) Julie Etchingham (born 1969) Anna Ford (born 1943) Andrew Gardner (1932—1999) Born 1970) Nina Hossain (born 1975) Natasha Kaplinsky (born 1972) Mary Nightingale (born 1963) Jeremy Paxman (born 1950) Sophie Raworth (born 1968) Angela Rippon (born 1944) Alastair Stewart (born 1952) Moira Stuart (born 1949) Jon Snow (born 1947) Peter Sissons (born 1942) Harold Military Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis (1891—1969), Field Marshal, World War II hero Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst of Montreal (1717—1797), General Sir Claude Auchinleck (1884—1981), World War II Commander Robert Baden-Powell (1857—1941), soldier Sir Douglas Bader (1910—1982), fighter pilot Sir Douglas Bader (1910—1982), fighter pilot Sir Alexander John Ball (1759—1809), Admiral, governor of Malta George Charles Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan (1800—1888), Commander of cavalry at the Battle of Balaclava William Riddell Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood (1865—1951), General, World War I Robert Blake (1599—1657), reforming Royal Navy Admiral Alan Francis Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke (1883—1963), Field Marshal, Chief of the Imperial General Staff during World War II James Thomas Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan (1797—1888), Commander of the Light Brigade John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough (1650—1722), soldier Sir Winston Churchill (1874—1965), British Prime Minister Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis (1738—1805), General Henry Seymour Conway (1721—1795), General Oliver Cromwell (1599—1658), Lord Protector of England Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (c. 1208 — 1265), English statesman and soldier.


Question: who are Raymond Hart Massey's parents?

List of British figures

Hugh Dowding, 1st Baron Dowding (1882—1970), RAF Commander in World War II Sir Francis Drake (1540—1596), sailor Prince Frederick, Duke of York (1763—1827), son of King George III, Commander-in-Chief of the French Revolutionary Forces and Napoleonic Wars John French, 1st Earl of Ypres (1852— 1925), General, World War I and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland Prince George, Duke of Cambridge (1819—1904), Commander-in-Chief of the Forces Charles George Gordon (“Chinese Gordon”) (1833—1885), killed at Khartoum Sir Arthur Travers Harris (1892—1984), Marshal of the Royal Air Force, airman Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe (1726—1799), Admiral William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe (1729—1814), General in American Revolutionary War John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe (1859—1935), Admiral, World War I Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum (1850—1916), Field Marshal John Ligonier, 1st Earl Ligonier (1680—1770), General John Manners, Marquess of Granby (1721—1770), General William McMurdo (1819—1894), General Andy McNab (born 1959), former Special Air Service soldier and commander of the infamous Bravo Two Zero mission during the first Iraq Gulf War George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle (1608— 1670), Civil War era General in Chief Command Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein (“The Desert Rat”) (1887—1976), Field Marshal and hero of World War II Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (1900—1979), statesman, sailor Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson Nile (1758—1805), sailor, Admiral Henry William Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey (1768—1854), General, hero of the Napoleonic Wars Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts of Kandahar (1832—1914), Field Marshal, last Commander-in-Chief of the Forces Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich (1782— 1859) Chris Ryan (born 1961), Former Special Air Service soldier and member of the infamous Bravo Two Zero mission during the first Iraq Gulf War Siegfried Sassoon (1886—1967), war poet William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim (1897—1970), Commander in Burma World War II, Governor-General of Australia.


Question: who are Raymond Hart Massey's parents?

List of British figures

Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien (1858—1930), General, World War I Fitzroy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan (1788—1855), British commander in the Crimean War Sir David Stirling, founder of the SAS Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard (1873—1956), “Father of the RAF” and first Chief of the Air Staff Archibald Percival Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell (1883—1950), World War II general, second to last Viceroy of India Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (1769—1852), Field Marshal, victor of Waterloo, politician Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (1721—1765), Captain-General, Victor of Culloden James Wolfe (1727—1759), General, hero of Quebec during the Seven Years' War Monarchy Alfred the Great (c. 849 — 899), King of the Anglo-Saxons.


Question: who are Raymond Hart Massey's parents?

List of British figures

Anne (1665—1714), also Queen of Scotland, then Queen of Great Britain after 1707 Charles II (1660—1685), also King of Scotland Edward I (1272—1307), English monarch Edward II (1307—1327), English monarch Edward III (1327—1377), English monarch Edward IV (1461—1470 and 1471—1483) Monarch Edward V (1470 — c. 1483), English monarch Edward VI (1547—1553), first English Protestant monarch.


Question: who are Raymond Hart Massey's parents?

List of British figures

Elizabeth I (1558—1603), Protestant queen and first Supreme Governor of the Church of England Elizabeth II (1926), English-born British monarch Henry III (1207—1272), English monarch Henry IV (1367—1413), English monarch Henry VI (1421—1471), English monarch Henry VIII (1491—1547), separated English Catholic from link with the Roman Catholic Church Mary I (1553—1558), Roman Catholic queen Mary II (1662—1694) Richard the Lionheart (1157—1199), English monarch, leader and hero of the Third Crusade Richard III (1483—1485), last Plantagenet King, and last British monarch to die in Battle Victoria (1819—1901) William IV (1765—1837) Musician Stuart Adamson, lead singer of Big Country Adele singer Florence Welch (born 1986), lead singer of Florence and The Machine Thomas Adès (born 1971), composer Damon Albarn (born 1968), singer-songwriter Graham Coxon (born 1969), guitarist, singer -songwriter, former member of Blur and solo artist John Alldis (born 1929), chorus master and conductor Lily Allen (born 1985) Tinie Tempah (born 1998), rapper David Arnold (born 1962), composer, musician and film scorer (notably four James Bond films) Ed Sheeran (born 1991), singer-songwriter Malcolm Arnold (1921—2006), composer Rick Astley (born 1966), singer-songwriter Alexander Baillie (born 1956), cellist Bryan Balkwill (1922—2007), conductor John Barbirolli (1899—1970), conductor Gary Barlow (born 1971), singer, songwriter and member of Take That Syd Barrett (1946—2006), singer, singer, songwriter, member of the early Pink Floyd Victoria Beckham (born 1974), singer, songwriter, dancer, fashion designer, author, businesswoman, actress and model David Bedford (born 1937), composer and musician Natasha Bedingfield (born 1981), singer Thomas Beecham (1879—1961), conductor Matthew Bellamy (born 1978), composer for Muse Lisa Beznosiuk (1956), flautist Roger Birnstingl, bassoonist Harrison Birtwistle (born 1934), composer James Blunt (born 1977) John Bonham (1948—1980), drummer for Led Zeppelin Tim Booth (1960) Singer-songwriter and actor Adrian Boult (1889—1983), conductor James Bourne, member of the former rock group Busted, singer and song-writer David Bowie (born 1947) William Boyce (1711—1779), composer Billy Bragg (born 1957) Havergal Brian (1876—1972), composer Sarah Brightman (born 1960), singer, actress, songwriter and dancer Benjamin Britten (1913—1976), composer and pianist Justin Broadrick (born 1969), vocalist and guitarist, member of Godflesh and Jesu Kate Bush (born 1958), singer, songwriter, musician and record producer William Byrd (1543—1623), composer Justin Chancellor (born 1971), bassist, member of Tool Eric Clapton (born 1945) Adam Clayton born 1960, bassist, member of U2 Imogen Cooper (born 1949), pianist Cheryl Cole Singer (born 1983) Ian Curtis (1956—1980), lead singer and composer for Joy Division Roger Daltrey (born 1944) singer, lead of The Who Peter Maxwell Davies (born 1934), composer Andrew Davis (born 1944), conductor Colin Davis (born 1927), conductor Norman Del Mar (1919—1994), conductor Frederick Delius (1862—1934), composer Dido (Florian Cloud de Bounevialle Armstrong) (born 1971), singer and songwriter Pete Doherty former co-lead singer of The Libertines current and lead singer of Babyshambles and solo artist Peter Donohoe (born 1953), pianist John Dowland (c. 1563 — c. 1626), composer of songs John Dunstaple (c. 1383 — 1453), composer Ian Dury (1942—2000), lyricist and vocalist for The Blockheads Edward Elgar (1857—1934), composer John Entwistle (1944—2002), lyricist and vocalist for The Blockheads Edward Elgar (1857—1934), composer John Entwistle (1944—2002) 1946) Gerald Finzi (1901—1956), Lita Ford composer Peter Gabriel (born 1950), singer-songwriter and former lead vocalist with Genesis (band) Noel Gallagher (born 1967), singer-songwriter Pete Burns (born 1959), singer-songwriter and lead vocalist with Dead Alive or Orlando Gibbons (1583—1625), composer Ron Goodwin (1925—2003) composer and conductor Bella Hardy folk musician, singer, songwriter Dhani Harrison (born 1978) guitarist, son of George Harrison George Harrison (1943—2001), composer, member of The Beatles PJ Harvey (born 1969) Anthony Hewitt (born 1971), pianist Gustav Holst (born 1969) 1874—1934), composer Dominic Howard (born 1977), member of Muse Saul Hudson aka 'Slash', (born 1965), guitarist, member of Guns N' Roses, Slash's Snakepit and Velvet Revolver John Ireland (1879—1962), composer Robert Irving (1913—1991), conductor Mick Jagger (born 1943), rock singer and frontman of The Rolling Stones Sir Elton John (born 1947), pop star and composer Brian Johnson (born 1947), rock singer Brian Jones (1942—1969), founding member and guitarist of The Rolling Stones Davy Jones (1945—2012), singer/percussionist, member of The Monkees John Paul Jones (born 1946), bassist, mandolinist and keyboardist for Led Zeppelin Nigel Kennedy (born 1956), violinist Thea King (1925—2007), clarinetist Adrian Lambert (born 1976), bassist Albert Lee (born 1945), guitarist John Lennon (1940—1980), pop star, co-founder of The Beatles Leona Lewis (born 1985), singer and songwriter Andrew Lloyd Webber (born 1948), composer of musicals Cher Lloyd (born 1993), singer Pixie Lott (born 1991), singer Chris Lowe (born 1959), keyboardist and composer, member of Pet Shop Boys (Duo) Sir Paul McCartney (born 1942), pop star, co-founder of The Beatles Chris Martin (born 1977) singer-songwriter, lead of Coldplay Keith Moon (1946—1978) Thomas Morley (c. 1557 — 1602), consort composer Gareth Morris (1920—2007), flautist Morrissey (born 1959), composer, member of The Smiths Olivia Newton-John (born 1948), pop star One Direction, Zayn Malik (1993), Harry Styles (1994), Louis Tomlinson (1991), Liam Payne (1993), Niall Horan (Irish, 1993) popband John Ogdon (1937—1989), pianist Mike Oldfield (born 1953), composer and instrumentalist Ozzy Osbourne (born 1948) Jimmy Page (born 1944), guitarist Hubert Parry (1848—1918), composer Peter Pears (1910—1986), tenor Gervase de Peyer (born 1926), clarinetist and conductor Robert Plant (born 1948), singer, member of Led Zeppelin Anthony Pleeth (born 1948), cellist Jacqueline du Pré (1945—1987), cellist Stephen Preston, flautist Henry Purcell (1659—1695), composer Simon Rattle (born 1955), conductor Martin Roscoe (born 1952), pianist Malcolm Sargent (1895—1967), conductor Zak Starkey (born 1965), drummer, son of Ringo Starr Ringo Starr (born 1940), composer, member of The Beatles Crispin Steele-Perkins (born 1944), trumpeter Rod Stewart (born 1945) Joss Stone (born 1987) Joe Strummer (1952—2002) , singer, member of The Clash Bernard Sumner, lead singer of the New Order Connie Talbot (born 2000), child singer and reality star Thomas Tallis (c. 1505 — 1585), composer Neil Tennant (born 1954), vocalist, member of Pet Shop Boys (Duo) Lionel Tertis (1876—1975), violist Frederick Thurston (1901—53) , clarinetist Michael Tippett (1905—1998), composer Pete Townshend (born 1945) Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872—1958), composer Ricky Walters (born 1965), aka rapper Slick Rick William Walton (1902—1983), composer Roger Waters (born 1943), founder of Pink Floyd Thomas Weelkes (c. 1575 — 1623), composer John Wilbye (1574—1638), composer Steven Wilson (1967), musician, producer, composer and founder of Porcupine Tree Cliff Williams (born 1949), bassist Robbie Williams (born 1974) Amy Winehouse (1983—2011), singer-songwriter Christopher Wolstenholme (born 1978), member of Muse Henry Wood (1869—1944), conductor Marvin Young (born 1967), aka rapper Young MC Thom Yorke (born 1968), singer-songwriter, musician, member of Radiohead Ellie Goulding (born 1986), singer-songwriter, musician Phil Collins (born 1951), singer-songwriter, musician, member of Genesis (band) Jessie J (born 1951) 1988), singer-songwriter Philosopher Donald Adamson (born 1939) G. E. M. Anscombe (1919—2001), philosopher Anselm of Canterbury (born 1033), philosopher, famous for the creation of the Ontological Argument A.J. Ayer (1910—1989), philosopher Francis Bacon (1561—1626), philosopher and essayist Roger Bacon (1214) —1294), medieval philosopher, alchemist, and theologian Jeremy Bentham (1748—1832), philosopher, founder of Utilitarianism R. M. Hare (1907—2002), philosopher H. L.A. Hart (1907—1992), legal philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588—1679), philosopher William Goddin (1756—1836), political philosopher John Locke (1632—1704), philosopher John Stuart Mill (1806—1873), economist, political philosopher G. E. Moore (1873—1958), philosopher Herbert Spencer (1820—1903) William of Ockham (c. 1285 — 1349), philosopher, theologian, created Ockham's Razor Thomas Paine (1737—1809), theorist Derek (born 1942), philosopher Gilbert Ryle (1900—1976), philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872—1970), philosopher Henry Sidgwick (1838—1900), philosopher Peter Strawson (1919—2006), philosopher William Whewell (1794—1866), philosopher Alfred North Whitehead (1861—1947), mathematician Bernard Williams (1929—2003), philosopher Photographer David Bailey (born 1938) Emma Barton (1872—1938) Cecil Beaton (1904—1980) John Blakemore (born 1936) Samuel Bourne (1834—1912) Larry Burrows (1926—1971), Photojournalist George Davison (1854—1930) Terence Donovan (1936—1996) Brian Duffy (1933—2010) Frederick H. Evans (1853— 1943) Roger Fenton (1819—1869) John French (1907—1966) Francis Frith (1822—1898) Bert Hardy (1913—1995) Alfred Horsley Hinton (1863—1908) Don McCullin (1935), Photojournalist Eadweard Muybridge (1830—1904) Horace Nicholls (1867—1941) Tony Ray-Jones (1941—1972) Henry Peach Robinson (1830—1904) —1901) George Rodger (1908—1995), Photojournalist Francis Meadow Sutcliffe (1853—1941) William Henry Fox Talbot (1800—1877), Photographer, inventor of the calotype process Politician H. H. Asquith (1852—1928), British prime minister Clement Attlee (1883—1967), British prime minister Stanley Baldwin (1867—1947), British prime minister Ernest Bevin (1881—1951), Labour politician Tony Benn (born 1925), Labour politician Tony Blair (born 1953), British prime minister Margaret Bondfield (1873—1953), Labour politician & first female Cabinet minister John Bright (1811—1889), liberal politician George Canning (1770—1827) ), politician Barbara Castle (1910—2002), politician Sir Austen Chamberlain (1863—1937) Joseph Chamberlain (1836—1914) Neville Chamberlain (1869—1940), British prime minister Lord Randolph Churchill (1849—1895) Winston Churchill (1874—1965), British prime minister Kenneth Clarke (born 1940), Conservative politician Sir Stafford Cripps (1889—1952), Labour politician George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston (1859—1925), Viceroy of India Archibald Dalzel (1740—1811), Governor of the Gold Coast William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire (c. 1720 — 1764) , 8th Duke of Devonshire (1833—1908) Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (1799—1869) Edward Henry Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby (1826—1893) Benjamin Disraeli (1804—1881), British prime minister Alec Douglas-Home (1903—1995), British prime minister Anthony Eden (1897—1977), British prime minister Hugh Gaitskell (1906—1963), Labour politician William Ewart Gladstone (1809—1898), British prime minister Augustus Henry Fitzroy, 3rd Duke of Grafton (1735—1811) Michael Foot (born 1913), Labour leader Sir Henry Bartle Frere (1815—1884), Colonial administrator Hugh Gaitskell (1906—1963), Labour leader Granville leader George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville (1815—1891) George Grenville (1712—1770), British prime minister William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Lord Grenville (1759—1834) Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey (1764—1845) William Hague (born 1961), Conservative politician Denis Healey (born 1917), Labour politician Edward Heath (1916—2005), British prime minister Boris Johnson (born 1964), Conservative politician John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley (1826—1902) George Lansbury (1859—1940) Nigel Lawson (born 1932), Conservative politician John Leland (? —1808), English Member of Parliament for Stamford, 1796—1808 Robert Banks Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool (1770—1828) John Lubbock (1834—1913), banker, politician, naturalist and archaeologist Harold Macmillan (1894—1986), British prime minister John Major (born 1943), British prime minister Reginald Maudling (1917—1979), Conservative politician Herbert Morrison (1888—1965), Labour politician William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne (1779—1848) Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle (1693—1768) Frederick North, Lord North (1732—1792) Sir Robert Peel (1788—1850), British prime minister Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (1784—1865), British prime minister Henry Pelham (1694—1754) Spencer Perceval (1762—1812), British Prime Minister William Pitt (the Elder), 1st Earl of Chatham (1708—1778) William Pitt the Younger (1759—1806), British prime minister William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland (1738—1809) Enoch Powell (1912—1998) Cecil Rhodes (1853—1902), imperialist Frederick John Robinson, 1st Earl of Ripon (1782—1859), politician Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham (1730—1782) John Russell, 1st Earl Russell (1792—1878) Michael Hicks-Beach, 1st Earl Aldwyn (1837—1916) Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1830—1903), British Prime Minister Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth (1757—1844) John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon (1873—1954) Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden of Ickornshaw (1864—1937) Margaret Thatcher (born) 1925), British prime minister Sir Robert Walpole (1676—1745), British prime minister William Wilberforce (1759—1833), abolitionist Shirley Williams (born 1930), SDP founder Henry Willink (1894—1973), politician Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington (c. 1674 — 1743) Harold Wilson (1916—1995), British prime minister Scientist Arthur Aikin (1773—1854), chemist and mineralogist Nathan Alcock (1707—1779), doctor Charles Babbage (1791—1871), mathematician Joseph Banks (1743—1820), naturalist Isaac Barrow (1630—1677), mathematician Thomas Bayes (c. 1702 — 1761), mathematician Tim Berners-Lee ( born 1955), computer scientist — inventor of the WorldWideWeb Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett (1897—1974), physicist George Boole (1815—1864), mathematician Robert Boyle (1627—1691), natural philosopher Richard Bright (1630—1677), doctor, founder of Brighton's Disease (form of kidney disease) Henry Brunner (1838—1916), chemist Henry Cavendish (1731—1810), scientist Sir George Cayley (1773—1857), polymath and aviator Frank Close (born 1945), physicist Brian Cox (born 1968), physicist Francis Crick (1916—2004), molecular biologist John Dalton (1766—1844), chemist and physicist Charles Darwin (1766—1844) 1809—1882), Founder of The Theory of Evolution Richard Dawkins (born 1941), evolutionary theorist Henry Deacon (1822—76), chemist Paul Dirac (1902—1984), physicist Horace Donisthorpe (1870—1951), entomologist, myrmecologist and coleopterist Arthur Eddington (1882—1944), physicist Michael Faraday (1882—1944) 1791—1867), scientist Ronald Fisher (1890—1962), geneticist and statistician Rosalind Franklin (1920—1958), chemist and x-ray crystallographer J. B. S. Haldane (1892—1964), geneticist James Hargreaves (1834—1915), chemist Stephen Hawking (born 1942), cosmologist Oliver Heaviside (1850—1925), physicist John Herschel (1792—1871), mathematician and astronomer Peter Higgs (born 1929), physicist C. A. R. Hoare (born 1934), computer scientist Robert Hooke (1635—1703), scientist Edward Jenner (1749—1823), doctor R. V. Jones (1911—1997), physicist James Prescott Joule (1818—1889) Cist Joseph Lister (1827—1912), surgeon Bernard Lovell (1913—2012), astronomer James Lovelock (born 1919), scientist Martin Lowry (1874—1936), chemist John William Lubbock (1803—1865), banker, mathematician and astronomer Sir Charles Lyell (1797—1875), geologist John Maynard Smith (1920—2004), geneticist John McClellan (1810—81), chemist Robert Mond (1867—1938), chemist Desmond Morris (born 1928), zoologist Roger Needham (1935—2003), computer scientist Sir Isaac Newton (1643—1727), founder of modern physics, last of the alchemists William Penney (1909—1991), mathematician, physicist, Director of British nuclear weapon research Roger Penrose (born 1931), cosmologist Joseph Prestwich (1812—1896), geologist Joseph Priestley (1733—1804), chemist Martin Rees (born 1942), cosmologist and astrophysicist Adam Sedgwick (1785—1873), geologist John Snow (1813—1858), epidemiologist Joseph Wilson Swan (1828—1914), physicist and chemist George Paget Thomson (1892—1975), physicist J. J. Thomson (1856—1940), physicist Henry Tizard (1885—1959), chemist and inventor Alan Turing (1912—1954), mathematician Alfred Russel Wallace (1823—1913), naturalist Alfred North Whitehead (1861—1947), mathematician Maurice Vincent Wilkes (born 1913), computer scientist James H. Wilkinson (1919—1986), mathematician William Hyde Wollaston (1766—1828), chemist Thomas Young (1773—1829), scientist Sportsman Barney Aaron (Young) (1800—1850), lightweight boxer, Hall of Fame [2] Harold Abrahams (1899 —1978), athlete, Olympic champion (100 metre sprint) and silver (4x100-m relay), one of the two subjects of Chariots of Fire Sir Sidney Abrahams (1885—1957), Olympic long jumper Chris Adams (1955—2001), pro wrestler and judoka Neil Adams (born 1958), judoka and two-time silver medalist in Judo (born 1958) 1980 and 1984), younger brother of Chris Adams Tony Adams (born 1966), football player Jo Ankier (born 1982), Britain, record holder (1,500-m & 3,000-m steeplechase) Alan Ball (1945—2007), member of the 1966 World Cup winning team Gordon Banks (born 1937), goalkeeper of 1966 World Cup winning team team Sir Roger Bannister (born 1929), first sub-four-minute miler Lord Frederick Beauclerk (1773—1850), cricket player and administrator David Beckham (born 1975), football player Wade Barrett (born 1980), WWE Wrestler Jack Kid Berg (Judah Bergman) (1909—1991), world junior welterweight champion boxer, Hall of Famer Richard Bergmann (1919—1970), 7-time table tennis world champion, ITTFHof Chris Bonington (born 1934), mountaineer Sir Ian Botham (born 1955), cricketer Mark Bott, cricketer [3] Geoffrey Boycott (born 1940), cricketer Eric Bristow (born 1957), world champion darts player Tony Brooks (born 1932), F1 driver Paul Burchill (born 1979), professional wrestler Jenson Button (born 1980), F1 World Champion Angela Buxton (born 1934), won 1956 French Women's Doubles (w/Althea Gibson) and 1956 Wimbledon Women's Doubles (w/Gibson), highest world ranking # 9 Sir Bobby Charlton (w/Althea Gibson) born 1937), member of the 1966 World Cup winning team Jack Charlton (born 1935), member of the 1966 World Cup winning team Sir Francis Chichester (1901—1972), yachtsman Don Cockell (1928—1983), heavyweight boxer George Cohen (born 1939), association football right back, World Cup champion Paul Collingwood (born 1976), cricketer Peter Collins (1931—1958), F1 driver Sir Henry Cooper (1934—2011), heavyweight boxer Lawrence Dallaglio (born 1972), World Cup winning rugby footballer Tom Daley (born 1994), youngest olympian diver ever to compete in the olympics (participated in Beijing 2008) Laura Davies (born 1963), golfer Steve Davis (born 1957), six times World Snooker Champion Matt Dawson (born 1972), World Cup winning rugby footballer John Deacon (1962—2001), motorcycle endurance racer Christopher Dean (born 1958), figure skater Percy Down (1883—?) , rugby union player, represented England and Great Britain.


Question: who are Raymond Hart Massey's parents?

List of British figures

Jonathan Edwards (born 1966), triple jump Godfrey Evans (1920—1999), cricketer (wicket-keeper) Percy Fender, cricketer James Figg (1695—1734), first English bare-knuckle boxing champion Bob Fitzsimmons (1863—1917), boxing's first World Champion in three divisions Andrew Flintoff (born 1977), cricketer C B Fry (1872—1956), cricketer and all-round athlete Paul Gascoigne (born 1967), football player Steven Gerrard (born 1980), football player Graham Gooch (born 1953), cricketer Pete Goss (born 1961), around-the-world yachtsman W G Grace (1848—1915), cricketer Jimmy Greaves (born 1940) , footballer Will Greenwood (born 1972), rugby footballer Naseem Hamed (born 1974), featherweight boxer Lewis Hamilton (born 1985), F1 World Champion Ricky Hatton (born 1978), world champion boxer Mike Hawthorn (1929—1959), F1 World Champion David Haye (born 1980), world champion boxer Johnny Haynes (1934—2005), footballer Emile Heskey (born 1978), footballer Damon Hill (born 1960), F1 World Champion Graham Hill (1929—1975), two times F1 World Champion Jimmy Hill (born 1928), footballer Jack Hobbs (1882—1963), cricketer Glenn Hoddle (born 1957), footballer Leslie Housden (1894—1963), Olympic marathon runner James Hunt (1947—1993), F1 World Champion Sir Geoff Hurst (born 1941), member of the 1966 World Cup winning team Nasser Hussain (born 1968), cricketer Len Hutton (1916—1990), cricketer E.J. 'John' Jackett, rugby union player, represented England and Great Britain.


Question: who are Raymond Hart Massey's parents?

List of British figures

Joe Jacobson (born 1986), association football left back (Oldham Athletic & U21 national team) Peter Jaffe, Olympic silver (yachting; star-class) Allan Jay (born 1931), épée & foil fencer, Olympic 2-time silver, world champion Martin Johnson (born 1970), World Cup winning rugby union footballer Trish Johnson (born 1966), golfer Amir Khan (born 1986), lightweight boxer Frank Lampard (born 1978), footballer Dougie Lampkin (born 1976), Motorcycle Trials World Champion Mark Lazarus, footballer, right winger Jason Leonard (born 1968), World Cup winning rugby union footballer Edward Lawrence Levy (1851—1932), English world champion weightlifter Ted “Kid” Lewis (Gershon Mendeloff) (1893—1970), world champion welterweight boxer, Hall of Famer Lennox Lewis (born 1965), world champion heavyweight boxer Josh Lewsey (born 1976), rugby footballer Gary Lineker (born 1960), footballer Dar Lyon, cricketer Dame Ellen MacArthur (born 1976), sailor who holds the world record for the fastest solo circumnavigation of the globe George Mallory (1886—1924), mountaineer Nigel Mansell (born 1953), racing driver, F1 and CART champion Terry Marsh (born 1958), world champion boxer Darren Matthews (born 1968), professional wrestler Stanley Matthews (1915—2000), footballer Daniel Mendoza (1764—1836), world heavyweight champion boxer, Hall of Famer Alan Minter (born 1951), world champion boxer Bobby Moore (1941—1993), captain of the 1966 World Cup winning team Stirling Moss, (born) 1929), F1 driver Alfred Mynn (1807—1861), cricketer Gary Neville (born 1975), footballer Phil Neville (born 1977), footballer Alison Nicholas (born 1962), golfer Ronnie O'Sullivan (born 1975), three times World Snooker Champion Michael Owen (born 1979), football player Rachel Parish (born 1981) ), markswoman and fencer Bob Paisley (1919—1996), 3-time European Cup winning manager with Liverpool F.C. John Parrott (born 1964), World Snooker Champion Fred Perry (1909—1995), Wimbledon champion tennis player Martin Peters (born 1943), member of the 1966 World Cup winning team Kevin Pietersen (born 1943) born 1980), cricketer Daniel Prenn (1904—1991), tennis player, highest world ranking # 6 Stephanie Proud (born 1988), backstroke swimmer Samuel Rabin (1903—1991, Olympic bronze wrestler (freestyle middleweight) Paula Radcliffe (born 1973), distance runner John Raphael, cricket and rugby union Sir Steve Redgrave (born 1962), rower, winner of gold medal in five consecutive Olympics William Regal (born 1968), WWE Wrestler and Commentator Sir Gordon Richards (1904—1988), jockey, holder of several records Sir Bobby Robson (1933—2009), Football Manager Wayne Rooney (born 1985), footballer Paul Scholes (born 1974), footballer Alan Shearer (born 1970), footballer, all-time leading goal scorer in the premiership Teddy Sheringham (born 1966), football player Davey Boy Smith (1962—2002), professional wrestler Nobby Stiles (born 1942), football World Cup winner Andrew Stoddart (1863—1915), rugby and cricket player Karen Stupples (born 1973), golfer Phil Taylor (born 1960), multi world champion darts player John Terry (born 1980), footballer Jayne Torvill (born 1957), figure skater Marcus Trescothick (born 1975), cricketer Fred Trueman, fast bowler Phil Tufnell (born 1966), cricketer Randolph Turpin (1928—1966), middleweight boxer Michael Vaughan (born 1974), cricketer Virginia Wade (born 1945), tennis player Frank Warren (born 1952), boxing promoter Dan Wheldon (1978—2011), 2005 and 2011 Indy 500 Winner, 2005 Indycar Series Champion Jimmy White (born 1962), snooker player Sir William Wavell Wakefield (1898—1983), rugby footballer and politician Jonny Wilkinson (born 1979), world cup winning rugby footballer Justin Wilson (born 1978), Champ Car racer Billy Wright (1924—1994), footballer Other author Douglas Adams (1952—2001), author, comic and radio dramatist Rachel Ashwell (born 1959), author, designer and entrepreneur Edward Betts (1815—1872), civil engineering contraktor Thomas Brassey (1805—1870), civil engineering contraktor Capability Brown (1715—1783), landscape gardener William Caxton (c. 1422 — c. 1491), printer Donald Campbell (1921— 1967), world land and water speed record holder Sir Malcolm Campbell (1885—1949), automobile and speedboat racer.


Question: who are Raymond Hart Massey's parents?

List of British figures

Sir John Chesshyre (1662—1738), lawyer Grace Darling (1815—1842), heroine William Emes (c. 1729 — 1803), landscape gardener Elizabeth Fry (1780—1845), prison reformer Peter Molyneux (1959), Video game designer Thomas Grissell (1801—1874), public works contractor Hilda Hewlett (1864—1943) Pioneer aviator and aviation entrepreneur Ebenezer Howard (1850—1928), urban planner Edward Kemp (1817—91), garden designer Gideon Lester (born 1972), dramaturg, adaptator, theatre artist director Joshua A. Norton (1811—1880), Emperor of the United States and Protector of Mexico Sir Samuel Morton Peto (1811—1880) 1809—1889), civil engineering contractor Wat Tyler (died 1381), leader of the Peasants' Revolt (1381) William Wakefield (1801—1848), founder of Wellington, New Zealand Sarah Elizabeth Wardroper (1814—1892), Matron of St Thomas's Hospital from 1854—1887.


Question: who are Raymond Hart Massey's parents?

List of British figures

Harriet Shaw Weaver (1876—1961), political activist and suffragist Joseph Williamson (1769—1840), philanthropist, merchant and tunneler Expatriates Here are notable Britons who changed their nationality.


Question: who are Raymond Hart Massey's parents?

List of British figures

John Alden (c. 1599 — 1687), one of the leaders of the Pilgrims to North America [4] George Alsop, noted author [4] James Anderson, noted nineteenth century, especially remembered for his performance as Othello [4] Anthony Aston died (1731), noted actor and dramatist [4] Charlie Chaplin (1889—1977) Cary Grant (1904—1986), film actor.


Question: who are Raymond Hart Massey's parents?

List of British figures

Alistair Cooke (1908—2004) Bob Hope (1903—2003) Stephen Hough (born 1961), concert pianist, became Australian citizen Thomas Paine (1737—1809) Reference See also List of United Kingdom figures List of country figures World figures


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty (Hanzi: 清, hanyu pinyin: Qīng Chao) (1644 - 1911), known also as the Manchu Dynasty and was one of two foreign dynasties that ruled in China after the Yuan Mongol dynasty and also was the latter dynasty in China.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Foreign in a sense is a non-Han governing dynasty that was considered a Chinese entity in ancient times.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The dynasty was founded by Manchurians from the Aisin Gioro clan (Hanyu Pinyin: Aixinjueluo), then adopted the ordinances of the previous dynasty's rule as well as melting themselves into the Chinese entity itself.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

History of the Formation of the Jin State After breaking away from the influence of the increasingly weakening Ming Dynasty, Aisin Gioro Nurhachi (Pinyin: Aixīnjuéluó N'ěrhāchì 新) united the Jurchen tribal clans (designation before being changed to Manchu) and established the late Jin dynasty (Hou Jin) on year 1609 in what is now the northeastern region of China.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Nurhachi became Emperor and Khan of the Jin State until he died after being wounded in warfare with the Ming dynasty led general Yuan Chonghuan.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

His fourth son Huangtaiji ascended the throne to become the grand Khan of the new Jin state (after being deposed of his worthy brothers as Khan candidates).


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Huangtaiji changed the name of his country from 'Jin' (literally meaning gold) to 'Qing' (literally pure meaning) thus naman his country the Great Qing Empire (Hanzi: 大清国/ 大清; Pinyin: dàqīng diguó) and also the name of his nation from Jurchen to Manchu.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

He died before the Manchu people completely controlled all of China.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

His ninth son, Aixinjueluo Fulin ascended the throne to become Emperor of the great Qing state with the title of Emperor of Shunzhi while his uncle Prince Rui, Duo'ergun as State Guardians as the emperor was still 4 years old at the time, together with Ji'erhalang.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The fall of the Ming dynasty The state of the Ming state at that time was chaotic especially after the rebel hordes led by Li Zicheng managed to enter and seize the capital, Beijing.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The last Ming dynasty emperor, Chongzhen committed suicide by hanging himself after killing the entire royal family to avoid being caught by the rebels.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The Ming dynasty was officially over.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Li Zicheng established the Shun dynasty with Xi'an as the capital.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Wu Sangui, the general of the Ming dynasty guarding the gates of Shanhai refused to join Li Zicheng and asked the Manchu nation for help under the leadership of the guardian prince Duo'ergun.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

This opportunity was taken by the troops of eight Qing dynasty flags to take over Beijing and move south.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

General Wu Sangui opened the gates of the great wall and an army of eight Qing dynasty flags managed to seize Beijing from Li Zicheng.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

In 1644 prince Duo'ergun declared the Qing dynasty with his emperor Shunzhi to be the successor and heir of the Ming dynasty and the celestial mandate had passed from the Ming dynasty to the Qing dynasty.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

With the help of the generals of the Ming dynasty who defected to the Qing dynasty such as Wu Sangui, Hong Chengchou, Kong Youde, Shang Kexi, Shi Lang and others, the Manchu nation's eight-flag army moved south snuffing out the remnants of the Ming dynasty who established a new throne in the south ('dynasty' Southern Ming').


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

It was only in 1664 that the Qing dynasty really had taken over the entire mainland of China.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Under the rule of the Kangxi Emperor, the island of Taiwan was finally successfully seized from the rest of the forces loyal to the Ming dynasty in 1683.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty was famous for its policies that were unpopular among the Han people by forcing them to obey the Manchu nation's way of dress and hairstyle.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The Manchu people's hairstyle of shaving the front hair and braiding the back hair was considered an insult by the Han people, who considered hair to be a derivative obtained from ancestors.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

In those times, for Han people who did not comply with this rule would face the penalty of decapitation.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

One popular term of the times was to want the head, cut the hair; want the hair, cut the head.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

In the field of government, the Qing dynasty adopted ways from the Ming dynasty especially the Konghucu anutans.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Although at first intermingling between Han and Man was forbidden to maintain the culture and characteristics of the Manchu people, by the end of the 19th century the Manchu people had become very mixed with the Han people and lost much of their identity, for example the Manchu language was replaced almost completely with Mandarin, even in a royal family setting.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The golden age of the Qing Dynasty reached its peak during the reigns of the Kangxi Emperors (reigned 1662 - 1722), Yongzheng (1723 - 1735) and Qianlong (1735 - 1796).


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

In 1661 the Shunzhi emperor died at the age of 24 and was succeeded by his fourth son, Aixinjueluo Xuanyue as the Kangxi Emperor.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

During the early days of his reign, the Kangxi Emperor was assisted by the 4th Minister Wali and fostered by his grandmother, Empress Xiaozhuang.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

In 1669, the Kangxi Emperor successfully thwarted the plans of one of his Walinya Ministers, Aobai who wanted to rebel.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

He also succeeded in dampening the Rebellion of the Three Viceroys (one of whom was Wu Sangui, who was given the territory and princely title because of his services) and the rebellion of tribes from Mongolia.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Taiwan controlled by the Zheng family loyal to the Ming dynasty, successfully controlled in 1683.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

A border treaty with Russia was also made in 1689.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

As late as the Kangxi Emperor in 1722, his fourth son prince Yong (born Aixinjueluo Yinzhen) ascended the throne as Yongzheng.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

His reign was tinged with disputes between princes, who felt the rise of the Yongzheng Emperor was engineered.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The Yongzheng Emperor was known as a hard-working emperor.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

During his reign the economy of the Qing state strengthened.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Prince Bao (Aixinjueluo Hongli) replaced his father with the Qianlong era in 1735.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

During his reign the Greater Qing region was expanded by the success of his Military Campaigns known as the Ten Great Campaigns.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Unfortunately the final days of his reign were tainted by corruption practices by officials, one of them by his beloved minister Heshen.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Demi showed his devotion to his grandfather the Kangxi emperor, the Qianlong emperor abdicated before his long reign equaled the Kangxi emperor and handed the throne to his fifteenth son Prince Jia (Aixinjueluo Yongyan).


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Prince Jia became the Jiaqing Emperor and he himself became emperor emeritus (Taishanghuang) but remained in control of government until he died.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

As soon as his father was, the Jiaqing Emperor then executed Heshen on corruption charges and confiscated his wealth.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Corruption that began to run rampant in the government in the late days of the Qianlong emperor, signified beginning the weakening of the Qing dynasty.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Western rebellion and imperialism The presence of western peoples in the early 18th century gnawed at the power of the Manchu nation.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Various rebellions of Han tribes intent on overthrowing the Qing dynasty and restoring the Ming dynasty occurred on various scales.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

However one of the major rebellions was the Taiping rebellion which made Nanjing the capital.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The Candu War that ended with defeat also brought discontent among the Han people towards the Manchu nation.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Candu War I, 1838 culminated in the humiliating defeat of the Qing dynasty in 1842.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The Treaty of Nanjing had an impact on the handover of Hong Kong to the British and the opening of Chinese ports to western peoples.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Government behind the curtain After China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese war (1894-1895) the Guangxu Emperor (reigned 1875 - 1908) finally decided to renew/reform.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The Hundred Days Reform of 1898 proffered by the Guangxu emperor was widely opposed by conservative circles.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Under the leadership of Queen Mother Cixi (the widow of the Xianfeng emperor, the adoptive mother of the Guangxu emperor), they organized a coup d'état resulting in the Guangxu emperor's stripped of power.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Yuan Shikai, the military commander-in-chief who had been asked for his military assistance by the Guangxu Emperor, chose to side with Queen Mother Cixi thus inflicting a deep vengeance on the Guangxu emperor against her.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

From then on, Queen Mother Cixi who had ceased to be the guardian of the Guangxu emperor returned to power and the reform stalled.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

In 1901 Queen Mother Cixi supported the Boxer rebellion to expel the western nation and declared war on 8 foreign nations.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The combined eight nations managed to seize Beijing so the Queen Mother and the Emperor and the royal family had to run to Xi'an. Although the combined eight nations originally wanted Queen Mother Cixi to be put to death, thanks to the diplomacy of Li Hongzhang (the commander-in-chief of the Beiyang army, who had surrendered the Beiyang army under the leadership of Yuan Shikai) he survived even though China had to pay huge damages.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

On her return to Beijing, Queen Mother Cixi finally agreed to the reforms, albeit belatedly.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The Qing imperial side announced that the empire would be gradually transformed into a constitutional monarchy, but the nationalists considered the Qing government lacked the good faith to implement it.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The fall of the dynasty In 1908 the Guangxu Emperor and Queen Mother Cixi died at the same time and the throne was handed over to the Guangxu emperor's nephew, 3-year-old Aixinjueluo Puyi with his father Prince Chun as the guardian prince.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Prince Chun intended to kill Yuan Shikai as per the Guangxu emperor's bequest but was thwarted by Zhang Zhidong on the grounds killing Yuan could result in a rebellion of the Beiyang army.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

As the military strength of the Beiyang army led by Yuan Shikai was considerable, Yuan was called up again to combat the nationalist force in the south led by Dr. Sun Yat Sen. The uprising in Wuchang on 10 October 1911 was successful and followed by the establishment of the Republic of China in the south with Nanjing as capital and Sun Yat Sen (Sun Zhongshan) as interim chief.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

From then on various provinces in the south declared loose from the Qing dynasty to join the republic.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Yuan removed prince Chun and created a cabinet whose contents were his cronies with Yuan himself as Prime Minister.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

However Yuan got in touch with Sun for his personal benefit.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Sun agreed to surrender the presidency to Yuan if he agreed to force Emperor Xuantong (Puyi) to abdicate.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

In 1912 Yuan Shikai forced Queen Mother Longyu (the widow of the Guangxu emperor) to dethrone her emperor Xuantong/Puyi.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The republicans promised to let the emperor Puyi still occupy part of the forbidden city and retain the title of Emperor, although it would only be honored as befits the Emperor of a foreign country.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty ended on February 12, 1912.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The area The area of the Qing Dynasty in its peak time once reached 12 million square kilometers.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

At the end of the 16th century, Russian Ketsaran held an eastward expansion.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

At the time the Qing Dynasty army was storming into the interior, Russian Ketsaran forces using the occasion occupied Yaksa and Nibuchu.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The Qing Dynasty government many times demanded that the Russian Ketsaran aggressors withdraw from Chinese territory.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Years 1685 and 1686, the Kangxi Emperor commanded the Qing Dynasty army twice to storm the Russian Ketsaran forces at Yaksa.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The Russian army was forced to agree to hold negotiations to resolve the issue of the border of the eastern sector of Sino-Russia.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

In 1689, Chinese and Russian representatives held talks at Nichersink.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

And officially signed the first border treaty, namely the Treaty of Nibuchu.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Social culture and religion in the Qing Dynasty government has a unique culture, which follows the culture of the Manchu people.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The Manchu people have a special hairstyle.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

They cut out all the hair on the front of the head and make the hair on the back of the head a long bang.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

However, it becomes a debate, because it is very insulting to the Han people, whose people strongly uphold or consider that hair is a derivative of ancestors that is worth preserving.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

In terms of architecture, the Qing administration generally inherited traditions from the Ming Dynasty, for which they assumed that buildings were something important in the technology of coaching and grandeur.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Beijing, the mother of the Qing Dynasty has nurtured on the principle of its origin rather than the Ming Dynasty.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

In the city there are 20 tall and magnificent gates. The most magnificent gate is the Zhengyang Gate in the city.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The palace of the king of the Ming Dynasty has been used continuously by the king of the Qing Dynasty, so the king of the Qing Dynasty has fostered massive gardens including Yuanmingyuan Garden and Yihe Garden.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

In that period, Chinese coaching has also used glass from outside the country.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

In addition, free-styled and variegated residents' homes have been widely used.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The uniquely styled Tibetan Buddhist Religious Building has been widely used in the period.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Even the temple buildings have them refurbished.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

They have created variegated building art, examples of which are the Yonghe Temple building and several Tibetan Buddhist religious temples used in Chengde, China's Hebei Province.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

In the late Qing Dynasty, buildings fostered with Chinese cultivation art with the west were also used in China.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty also adopted ways from the Ming dynasty especially the Konghucu anutans.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing dynasty

Although at first intermingling between Han and Man was forbidden to maintain the culture and characteristics of the Manchu people, by the end of the 19th century the Manchu people had become very mixed with the Han people and lost much of their identity, for example the Manchu language was replaced almost completely with Mandarin, even in a royal family setting.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing Dynasty

Even traditional Chinese clothing or often called Hanfu, was also replaced with Manchu style clothing, namely Qipao (pennant root garment) and Tangzhuang.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing Dynasty

The culture must be followed by the Chinese people.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing Dynasty

And if any Chinese people do not use it it will be subject to punishment.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing Dynasty

And the punishment for who disobeys that law is the death penalty.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing Dynasty

Foreign relations At the time of the Qing Dynasty, the government still upheld the policy of agricultural development as its main policy, but in relations with foreign countries, the Qing Dynasty was very isolated because it tended to shut down.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing Dynasty

After the middle period, various contradictions of Qing Dynasty society began to taper off, meanwhile rebellion struggles also often occurred, among which the Balianjiao rebellion ended the golden period of Qing Dynasty rule.


Question: How long was the Qing Dynasty Manchu in power?

Qing Dynasty

At the time of the KangXi dynasty there were several loyal officials: Wei Dong Ting Wu Ci You Zhou Pei Gong Yao Qi Sheng Li Guang Di Su Ma La Gu See also List of Qing Dynasty Emperors Reference Outlinks


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Pancasila is the basic ideology for the Indonesian state.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

It was released in the United States on November 7, 2016.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Pancasila is a formulation and guideline of national and state life for all people of Indonesia.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

The five main joints constituent of Pancasila are the Lordship of the Almighty, just and civilized humanity, the unity of Indonesia, the wisdom led by the wisdom of wisdom in the consultation/representative, and social justice for all the people of Indonesia, and are listed in the 4th paragraph Preambule (Preamble) Basic Law 1945.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Despite changes in the content and order of the five Pancasila sila which took place in several stages during the time of the formulation of Pancasila in 1945, June 1 is commemorated as the birth day of Pancasila.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

The history of the formulation and birth of Pancasila On March 1, 1945 was formed Indonesian Independence Preparatory Business Investigation Board chaired by Dr. Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung (K.R.T.) Radjiman Wedyodiningrat.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

In his opening speech dr. Radjiman, among others, asked a question to the members of the Session, “What is the basis of the Indonesian State that we will form this?” [1]


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

In an effort to formulate Pancasila as an official state basis, there are personal proposals put forward in the Indonesian Independence Preparatory Business Investigation Board, namely: Five Basics by Muhammad Yamin, who made a speech on May 29, 1945.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Yamin formulated the following five basics: Elves of Nationality, Elves of Humanity, Elves of Lordship, Fairies of Mercy, and People's Welfare.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

He stated that the five precepts formulated were rooted in history, civilization, religion, and religious life that has long developed in Indonesia.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Mohammad Hatta in his memoirs cast doubt on the speech of Yamin. [2]


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Panca Sila by Soekarno stated on June 1, 1945 in his spontaneous speech which later became known as “The birth of Pancasila”. [3].


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Sukarno put forward the following basics: Indonesian nationality; Internationalism or Peri-Humanity; Constituency or Democracy, representative basis, basis of consultations; Social Welfare; Godhead.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

The name Pancasila was spoken by Soekarno in his speech on June 1, he said: Now there are many principles: nationality, internationalism, mufakat, welfare, and divinity, five numbers.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

His name is not Panca Dharma, but I named it with the hint of a friend of ours linguists - his name is Pancasila.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

It means the principle or the basis, and on the fifth basis that we establish the country of Indonesia, eternal and eternal.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Before the first session ended, a small committee was formed to: Reformulate Pancasila as the basis of the State based on the speech spoken by Soekarno on June 1, 1945.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Make the document as a text to proclaim an Independent Indonesia.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

From the Small Committee was selected 9 people known as the Committee of Nine, to organize the task.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Their plan was approved on 22 June 1945 which was then named Charter Jakarta.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

After the Pancasila Formula was accepted as the basis of the state officially some of the stipulation documents are: First Formusan: Jakarta Charter (Jakarta Charter) - dated 22 June 1945 Second Formusan: Preamble of the Basic Law 1945 - dated 18 August 1945 Third Formusan: Constitutional Mukaddimah Republic of Indonesia United States - December 27, 1949 Fourth Formusan: Mukaddimah Temporary Basic Law - August 15, 1950 Fifth Formusan: The First Formusan animates the Second Formusan and is a series of unity with the Constitution (refer to the President's Decret 5 July 1959) Joko Widodo on June 1, 2016 has signed Presidential Decree (Keppres) No. 24 of 2016 on Pancasila Birth Day as well as establishing it as a national holiday that is valid starting in 2017. [4].


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Pancasila Kesaktian Day On September 30, 1965, there was an incident called the 30 September Movement (G30S).


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

This incident itself is still a debate amid an environment of academia as to who the instigator is and what the motives behind it are.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

But the military authorities and the largest religious groups at the time spread word that the incident was an attempt by the PKI to convert elements of Pancasila to communist ideology, to dissolve the Indonesian Communist Party, and justify the events of the 1965—1966 Massacres in Indonesia.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

On that day, six Generals and 1 Captain and many others were killed by the government described as a coup attempt.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

The turmoil arising as a result of the G30S itself was ultimately successfully muted by Indonesian military authorities.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

The New Order Government then designated 30 September as the Day of Remembrance of the 30 September G30S Movement and October 1 was designated as Pancasila's Kesaktian Day.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Pancasila practice items Based on the decree of MPR No.II/MPR/1978 [5] 1.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

The Lordship of the Most Believers and Goddesses to Almighty God according to their respective religions and beliefs according to the basis of just and civilized humanity.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Respectfully respect and cooperate among religious faiths and adherents of different beliefs so as to establish harmony.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Mutual respect for the freedom to exercise worship in accordance with their religion and belief.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Not imposing a religion and belief on others.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

A just and civilized humanity Recognizes the equal degrees of rights and equal obligations between fellow human beings.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Love each other's fellow human beings.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Develop a sense of grace attitude.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Not arbitrarily towards others.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Upholding the value of humanity.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

It is fond of carrying out humanitarian activities.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Dare to stand up for truth and justice.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

The Indonesian nation feels itself as part of all mankind, therefore developed an attitude of respect and cooperation with other peoples.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Indonesian Unity Places the unity, unity, interests, and safety of the nation and the state above the interests of personal or group.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Willingly sacrifices for the benefit of the nation and the country.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Love the Fatherland and the Nation.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Proud as a Nation of Indonesia and in Indonesian Homeland.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Advancing promiscuity for the unity and unity of the nation with Bhinneka Tunggal Ika.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Pleasure led by wisdom wisdom in consultations and representatives Prioritizing the interests of the state and society.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Not imposing will upon others.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Prioritizing deliberation in making decisions in common interests.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

The deliberations to achieve the consensus are covered with the spirit of kinship.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

With good faith and a sense of responsibility accept and carry out the results of deliberations.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

The deliberations are conducted with common sense and according to a sublime conscience.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Decisions taken must be morally accountable to God Almighty, upholding the harkat and dignity of man and the values of truth and justice.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Social justice for all Indonesian people Develop sublime deeds that reflect the attitude and atmosphere of family and mutual cooperation.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

To be fair.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Maintain a balance between rights and obligations.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Respect for the rights of others.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Likes giving help to others.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Stay away from extortionate attitudes towards others.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Not of an extravagant nature.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Not luxuriously styled living.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Not doing deeds that harm the public interest.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Love to work hard.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Appreciate the handiwork of others.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Together strive to realize an even and socially equitable progress.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Based on the determination of MPR no.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

I/MPR/2003 The first sila of the Indonesian Nation expressed its trust and its belief towards God Almighty.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Indonesians believe and fear God Almighty, according to their respective religions and beliefs according to the basis of just and civilized humanity.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Develop a respectful attitude of respect and cooperation between religious believers and adherents of different beliefs towards God Almighty.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Fostering harmony among fellow religious people and belief in the Almighty God.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Religion and belief in Almighty God is a matter that concerns man's personal relationship with God Almighty.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Develop an attitude of mutual respect for freedom to exercise worship in accordance with their respective religions and beliefs.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Do not impose a religion and belief in the Almighty God on others.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Second Recognize and treat man in accordance with his harkat and dignity as a creature of God Almighty.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Acknowledge the equal degrees, equalities of rights, and human obligations, without distinguishing tribe, descent, religion, creed, gender, social standing, skin color and so on.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Develop an attitude of mutual love of fellow human beings.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Develop an attitude of mutual grace and tepa selira.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Develop a non-arbitrary attitude towards others.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Upholding the values of humanity.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

It is fond of carrying out humanitarian activities.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Dare to stand up for truth and justice.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

The Indonesian nation feels itself as part of all mankind.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Develop a respectful attitude of respect and cooperation with other nations.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

The third is able to place unity, unity, as well as the interests and safety of the nation and the state as common interests above personal and group interests.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Be able and willing to sacrifice for the benefit of the state and nation if necessary.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Developing a sense of love for the homeland and the nation.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Developing a sense of pride of nationality and homeland Indonesia.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Maintain world order based on independence, lasting peace, and social justice.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Developing Indonesian unity on the basis of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Advancing promiscuity for the sake of unity and unity of the nation.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

The fourth reason as a citizen and a citizen of society, every Indonesian person has the same position, rights, and obligations.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

It is not permissible to impose will on others.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Prioritizing deliberation in making decisions in common interests.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

The deliberations to achieve the consensus were overwhelmed by the spirit of kinship.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Respect and uphold any decision reached as a result of deliberation.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

With good faith and a sense of responsibility accept and carry out the results of deliberative decisions.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

In deliberation, common interests take precedence over personal and class interests.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

The deliberations are conducted with common sense and according to a sublime conscience.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Decisions taken must be morally accountable to God Almighty, upholding the harkat and dignity of man, the values of truth and justice give priority to unity and unity for the sake of common interest.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Provide confidence to the representatives who are trusted to carry out the devotion.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Fifth precepts Develop a sublime deed, reflecting the attitude and atmosphere of kinship and gotongroyness.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Develop a fair attitude towards others.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Maintain a balance between rights and obligations.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Respect for the rights of others.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Likes to give help to others in order to stand on their own.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Do not use property rights for extortionate efforts against others.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Not using property rights for things that are extravagant and luxurious lifestyles.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Not using property rights to contradict or harm the public interest.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Love to work hard.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Like to appreciate the handiwork of others that are beneficial to their progress and common well-being.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Like to do activities in order to realize an even and socially equitable progress.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

See also Indonesia Garuda Pancasila as the Emblem of Indonesia Three Principles People Six Arrows Reference Outside link Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila


Question: What is Pancasila?

Pancasila

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. (in Indonesian) Category:Indonesian national symbols Category:Historical Indonesia Category:Indonesian Legislation


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

Army Air Admiral (Purn.)


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

Soerjadi Soerjadarma ([1]) was Chief of Staff of the Army Air Force from 1946 to 1962.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

On 1 September 1945 he was assigned to form AURI by President Soekarno and was appointed as KASAU (First) on 9 April 1946.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

On 18 February 1960, besides as KASAU his office was upgraded as Minister/Kastaf AURI.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

Suryadi Suryadarma as the founder and Father of AURI — not only played a role in developing the aerospace world in the military field, but also as a pioneer in commercial aviation.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

It is no exaggeration to say, Suryadarma has made aerospace a part of his life.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

Biography Early Life He is the son of R. Suryaka Suryadarma who works bank employees in Banyuwangi.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

He still has lineage from Kanoman Palace, Cirebon.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

His great-great-great was Prince Jakaria aka Aryabrata of the Kanoman Craton.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

While his grandfather is Doctor Pangeran Boi Suryadarma who resides in Kuningan West Java, he finished Javanese Doctor School (STOVIA).


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

Since childhood Suryadarma had been orphaned, He was left by his birth mother at a young age, while his father died when Suryadarma was about five years old.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

After the two men, Suryadarma joined his grandfather's family in Jakarta.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

In 1918, age six Soerjadi Soerjadarma entered ELS school (Europeesche Lagere School) which is a special Primary School for foreign children (Europeans and Chinese) and Indonesian children who have noble descendants or children of officials who both can be equated with European Nations.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

In 1926, Soerjadi Soerjadarma completed his education at ELS, which then went on to the next level of education namely Hoogere Burgerschool te Bandoeng (HBS Bandung, now occupied by SMA Negeri 3 Bandung and SMA Negeri 5 Bandung).


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

But before he managed to finish his school in this city, he had to move to Jakarta and continue at Koning Willem III School te Batavia - HBS in Jakarta, and successfully completed in 1931.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

After graduating from KW III School, Soerjadi Soerjadarma continued to try to pursue his ideal of becoming an aviator.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

From KW III School he could not directly attend aviator education, He had to become an officer first.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

To become an officer, there was no other way except to attend officer education in KMA (Koninklijke militaire Academic), which at that time only existed in Breda Negeri Netherlands.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

September 1931, Soerjadi Soerjadarma enrolled into officer education in KMA Breda.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

Suryadarma's desire to become a member of this military was actually not approved by Dr. Boi Suryadarma, the grandfather who was at once his adoptive father.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

Namiun after getting an explanation from Suryadarma, finally did not mind Suryadarma becoming a cadet (cadet) of KMA.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

In 1934, Soerjadi Soerjadarma graduated from the Dutch Breda Military Academy, attended for three years.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

Suryadarma was stationed at the Dutch Army Unit in Nijmigen, the Netherlands.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

Only one month later Suryadarma was transferred to the I Infantry Battalion in Magelang until November 1936 with the status of an officer with the rank of Second Lieutenant. [2]


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

The Pre-Independence Period Suryadarma has been experienced since World War II.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

He was one of forty bumiputera admitted to the Dutch Military Academy (KMA) in Breda, Netherlands, before PD II during the Dutch East Indies era.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

He was accepted as a navigator but Suryadarma was supposedly gifted as an aviator but was not allowed because he was indigenous.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

Suryadarma had a myriad of experience with being involved in Dutch AU air operations, especially when the Netherlands was hammered by the Japanese invasion in the early 1940s. He was noted for his bravery as a navigator (as a lieutenant of reconnaissance aviators) with three Glenn Martin B-10 bomber aircraft, which bombed the Japanese fleet at Tarakan unaccompanied fighter escort on 13 February 1942.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

They managed to bomb two Japanese cruisers (cruisers), but later they were attacked by Zero's planes, so that only the bomber led by Suryadarma made it back despite being in disrepair and the flight badly injured.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

Because of his services, the Dutch Government awarded “The Bronze Cross” for his bravery facing the enemy and the Medals for Distinguished Service During Combat to Jan Lukkien who piloted the aircraft and as Commander of the Glen Martin B-10 Skawadron.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

Period 1945-1949 In the period 1945-1949, Suryadarma as KSAU developed an 'aerospace interest' through the establishment of the Aeroclub, realizing education and basic exercises of military aviation in Maguwo, Maospati and Malang (radio engineering, radio operators, aviators, paratroops, air debriefing, morse code).


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

Suryadarma was the first to realize the importance of the existence of paratroops (paratroops) given the geographical condition of Indonesia which consists of thousands of islands.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

This is what became the forerunner of the birth of the first paratroopers in Indonesia, namely Paskhas Gerak Tjepat (PGT) which is now Paskhas TNI-AU.


Question: Who initiated the Fond Month of Reading in Indonesia?

Soerjadi Soerjadarma

Suryadarma strongly supported the ideas of Wiweko Supeno and Nurtanio in various aircraft and helicopter manufacturing experiments at Maospati.