Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Anyone caught using this character was considered insulting to the emperor and sentenced to death.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Even using the character tu (meaning denuded) must be careful because it can allude to Hongwu's once monk past.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Scholars are forbidden to think freely and may only write rigid eight-part short stories.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

This is what resulted in China becoming a closed country even though at that time the western nation was starting the Renaissance.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Hongwu's legal field ran his government with an iron hand. He always demanded that all his subordinates to be honest and law-abiding officials.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Against those who corrupt and violate the law he did not hesitate to impose severe punishments, even against his own family such as Prince Zhu Liangzu and his son-in-law, Ouyang Lun who were sentenced to death for corruption.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Once there was an officer of his who was shown to embezzling money was punished by flayed and leather made bags which were then hung in the main hall as a memorial to the others.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

History records during his reign, Hongwu had sentenced to death thousands of corrupt officials.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

The book of statutes drafted during the reign of Hongwu was one of the great achievements of the Ming Dynasty.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

This book of statutes is called Daming Lu (大明).


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Hongwu personally paid great attention in its drafting, to his ministers he ordered that the content of the statute be comprehensive and easy to understand, so as not to leave legal loopholes for dual interpretation by twisting its language.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

These laws were the result of development from the time of the Tang Dynasty in terms of treatment of slaves.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In Tang times, slaves were treated inhumanely like pets only. If they were killed by free citizens, then the murderer would not be sanctioned by law, but during the Ming Dynasty, both slaves and free citizens were protected by law.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Hongwu's religious field was influenced by Confucian views so much that he viewed the merchant profession inferior. They were considered parasites who sucked his neighbors.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

For him agriculture was the main source for the welfare of the state (this view was also likely because he himself came from the peasant class).


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

So development during the Ming Dynasty was more emphasized on agriculture.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

But that doesn't mean trade isn't progressing.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Trade nevertheless flourished as the industrial sector grew and the large number of residents took up professions as merchants due to the increasing population and lack of land to cultivate.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

During his reign also he expanded the teachings of Confucius, Confucian scholars got important positions in the government.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

The princes and princesses were also educated by Confucian teachers.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

But he was also tolerant of other religions. Some of his confidant generals who helped establish the Ming Dynasty such as Chang Yuchun, Lan Yu, and Feng Sheng were Hui Muslims.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

The personal life of the first Empress Hongwu, was Empress Ma who was much influential in her life, a wise woman.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Once once Hongwu caught some people who made riddles that insulted Empress Ma and bemaksud sentenced them to death, but the empress gave them forgiveness so that Hongwu released him.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

There is a theory that says Empress Ma's 1382 death affected Hongwu's character to the point of being violently unflappable and easy to punish people to death on trivial grounds.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In addition to Empress Ma, Hongwu also had a number of concubines, some of whom were Korean women, sent to her by King Taejo of Joseon (Yi Seonggye) to mark communion between China and Korea who were also newly breaking away from Mongol influence.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

From the proceeds of his marriage he was gifted dozens of sons and daughters.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

When he died in 1398, he was succeeded by his grandson Zhu Yunwen because his eldest son (Zhu Biao) who was supposed to ascend the throne died young in 1392.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Hongwu had several fake tombs with the aim of preventing destruction by his political opponents and theft by tomb looters.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

His original tomb was only discovered during the Qing Dynasty at Mount Zijin, Nanjing.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

The Hongwu Emperor in popular culture The life story of Hongwu/Zhu Yuanzhang has been made a television series in China, among others, the Legendary Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang (), etc.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In Jin Yong's martial arts novel, Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre (天， which in Indonesia is better known as the Dragon Slayer Golok), Zhu Yuanzhang is described as an ambitious man and does not hesitate to achieve his goal.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

He joins a rebel group called the Ming Group led by the main figure Zhang Wuji (Tio Buki).


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

At the end of the story before Zhang resigns himself to live with his lover, he hands the dragon-slaying cleaver and the book of war science hidden in the sword of heaven to Zhu and tells him if he succeeds in defeating the Mongols to perpetuate the name of their group as the name of his dynasty and being a good emperor, not oppressing the people, and betraying no friends.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Zhang promised to find and kill him if he deviated from the group's noble cause.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

See also List of Ming Dynasty Emperors Reference Fu Chunjiang, “Chinese History: Ancient China to 1911”, Singapore: Asiapac Books, 2005 Lin Shan, “Dragon Tales: China's History from Tang to Qing”, Singapore: Asiapac Books, 2006 Liu Wenyuan, “Tales of the Great Wall”, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1997 Category:Emperor of Ming Dynasty Category:Chinese rebels


Question: when was Siantar Zoo established?

Medan Zoo

Medan Zoo is a zoo in Medan, Indonesia.


Question: when was Siantar Zoo established?

Medan Zoo

Its location is located in Simalingkar B sub-district, Medan Tuntungan, about 10 kilometers from the city center in the direction of Brastagi.


Question: when was Siantar Zoo established?

Medan Zoo

The zoo which is currently a new zoo inaugurated by the Mayor of Medan, Abdillah, on 14 April 2005.


Question: when was Siantar Zoo established?

Medan Zoo

Previously Medan Zoo was located at Jalan Brigjen Katamso, Kampung Baru Village, Medan Maimun.


Question: when was Siantar Zoo established?

Medan Zoo

Although new, the zoo in Simalingkar was widely criticized for being deemed not to provide proper facilities for the animals it owned.


Question: when was Siantar Zoo established?

Medan Zoo

The arid atmosphere as well as less feeding for the animals is also a problem facing this zoo.


Question: when was Siantar Zoo established?

Medan Zoo

About 1,000 people visit the 30-hectare zoo every weekend.


Question: when was Siantar Zoo established?

Medan Zoo

On a typical day, the number of visitors is estimated at 150 people each day.


Question: when was Siantar Zoo established?

Medan Zoo

See also List of Outlink zoos (in Indonesian), KOMPAS, 22 September 2005 (in Indonesian), KOMPAS, 30 August 2005 (in Indonesian), KOMPAS, 18 April 2005 (in Indonesian), KOMPAS, 7 November 2005 Medan Category:Medan City Category:Sights in North Sumatra


Question: When was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

Salman ibn Abdulaziz al-Saud (Arabic: سلمان بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود, Salmān ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ʿĀl Saʿūd [salˈmaːn bin abdulaˈziːz aːl saˈṣuːd];) is the King of Saudi Arabia, the seventh Guard Holy City, and the current leader of Wangsa Saud.


Question: When was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

He served as deputy governor and then Governor of Riyadh for 48 years from 1963 to 2011.


Question: When was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

He was appointed Minister of Defence in 2011.


Question: When was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

He was also elected Crown Prince in 2012 following the death of his brother Nayef bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud.


Question: When was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

Salman was appointed King of Saudi Arabia on 23 January 2015 following the death of his half-brother, King Abdullah. [1]


Question: When was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

Salman's life history was born on 31 December 1935, and as the 25th child of Ibn Saud.


Question: When was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

He grew up in Murabba Palace.


Question: When was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

Salman received his early education at the Princely School in the capital Riyadh, a school founded by Ibn Saud specifically to provide education for his children.


Question: When was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

He studied religion and modern science.


Question: When was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

Salman's family has three wives with 13 children.


Question: When was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

He only has a daughter named Princess Hussa.


Question: When was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

The by-election was the princes who served in the government of the Kingdom of Saudi.


Question: when was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

One of Salman's sons named Sultan bin Salman was an astronaut.


Question: when was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

His other son, Prince Muhammad bin Salman served Deputy Crown Prince of Saudi and Second Deputy Prime Minister of Saudi.


Question: when was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

The prince born in 1985 is considered the youngest Minister of Defense in the world. [2]


Question: when was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

Crown Prince On 18 June 2012, Salman was appointed Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia following the death of his brother, Crown Prince Nayef bin Abdul Aziz.


Question: when was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

King of Saudi Arabia On 23 January 2015, 79-Year-Old Salman, was appointed King of Saudi Arabia after his half-brother King Abdullah died of pneumonia at the age of 90 Years.


Question: when was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

King Salman appointed Prince Muqrin Bin Abdul Aziz as Crown Prince.


Question: when was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

On 29 April 2015, Salman removed Muqrin bin Abdul Aziz as Crown Prince and appointed his nephew Muhammad bin Nayef. [3]


Question: when was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

And in March 2017, King Salman and members of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia made a state visit to Indonesia in order to tour several Asian countries.


Question: when was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

This visit is the second visit of the Leader of Saudi Arabia after the previous King Faisal visited Indonesia in 1970.


Question: when was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

Honoris Causa Doctoral Award from Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia (2008) [4] Doctorate Honoris Causa from Jamia Millia Islamia, India (2010) [5] Doctorate Honoris Causa from Islamic University of Medina, Saudi Arabia (2011) [4] Doctorate Honoris Causa from Sarajevo Institute of Science and Technology, Bosnia Herzegovina (2013) [6] Doctor Honoris Causa from Waseda University, Japan (2014) [7] Star of the Republic of Indonesia Adipurna from the President of the Republic of Indonesia Joko Widodo, Indonesia (2017). [8]


Question: when was Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud born?

Salman from Saudi Arabia

Doctor Honoris Causa in History and Civilization from King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (2016) Doctor Honoris Causa from Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (2016) Doctorate Honoris Causa from King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (2016) Doctor Honoris Causa field of Literature from University of Malaya, Malaysia (2017) Doctor Honoris Causa in Political Science from International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia (2017) Doctor Honoris Causa from Beijing University, People's Republic of China (2017) Doctor Honoris Causa of Moscow State Institute of International Relations (2017) Doctor Honoris Causa from Moscow State Institute of International Relations (2017) MGIMO), Russia (2017) [9] Political career 1954-1955: Deputy governor of Riyadh city 1955-1960: Governor of Riyadh city 1963-2011: Governor of Riyadh city 2011-2012: Minister of Defense of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2012-2015: Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2015-Present: King of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia See also Program Humanitarian Aid by Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Outside Reference Media related to Salman bin Abdulaziz at Wikimedia Commons Category:Wangsa Saud Category:Governor of Riyadh Category:Saudi Arabian Nobility Category:King of Saudi Arabia Category:Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Tennis is a sport usually played between two players or between two pairs of two players each.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Each player uses a racket to hit a rubber ball.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The goal of the game is to play the ball in a certain way so that the opposing player cannot return the ball.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Tennis is one branch of Olympic sport and is played on all levels of society at all ages.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The sport can be played by anyone, including people who use wheelchairs.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England in the late 19th century as “grass court tennis”. [1]


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Tennis regulations changed little since the 1890s. Two minor changes were that from 1908 to 1961 the player who made service (first punch) had to keep one of his feet on the ground until service moved and the adoption of the tie-break system in the 1970s. The last addition applied to professional tennis was electronic replay review technology.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Tennis is played by millions of people as a recreational sport and is also a popular spectacle sport around the world.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The four leading tennis championships are the Australian Open which is played on hard courts, the French Open which is played on clay courts, Wimbledon which is played on grass courts, and the US Open which is played also on hard courts.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

History Forerunner The first origin of tennis is still a debate.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Some believe that the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans have played a game that was the forerunner of tennis.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Pictures or statements regarding the game resembling tennis have never been found, but some Arabic words dating back to ancient Egypt are stated as evidence.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The theories state that the word tennis comes from the name of an Egyptian city, Tinnis, located on the banks of the Nile and the word racket developed from the Arabic word for palm, namely rahat. [2]


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Most historians believe the origin of tennis was an ancient game played in the northern part of France in the 12th century.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The game was done by hitting the ball using the palm of the hand. [3]


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Louis X of France was one of the purveyors of the game jeu de paume, (“the game of palms”), which later evolved into tennis, and he is noted to be the one who built tennis courts indoors according to the modern style.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Louis disliked playing tennis on open courts and ordered the creation of closed courts indoors in Paris “around the end of the 13th century”. [4]


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Unfortunately, in June 1316 at Vincennes, Val-de-Marne, and after one grueling special game, Louis drank a large quantity of cold wine and later died as a result of pneumonia or pleurisy, although there were also suspected poisoning. [5]


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Due to his death, Louis X became the first tennis player whose name was recorded in history. [5]


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Rackets came into use in the 16th century and the game began to be called “tennis”, which comes from a term in old French tenez, which can be interpreted “hold!” , “accept!” , or “take it!” , an interjection used by a player performing a service aimed at his opponent. [6]


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The game is popular in England and France, although the game is only played indoors and the ball can come out over the wall at any time.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The origin of the modern game In the 19th century, tennis was resurfaced by the British nobles by building country club facilities or tennis courts in their large homes.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Because at that time tennis was popularly played on lawns, it is famous for the designation 'Lawn Tennis' or grass court tennis.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

At this time also began to appear balls of vulcanized rubber which at that time were thought to reduce the destruction of grass in the field without reducing the elasticity of the ball itself.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The designation Lawn Tennis comes from an Englishman named Arthur Balfour.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Since the discovery of lawn tennis, people started experimenting with playing it on other surfaces such as clay courts (clay) and hard courts (cement).


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Wriggling the game of tennis turned out to be able to shift the game of Croquet as a summer sport.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The peak occurred in 1869 when one of Britain's leading croquet clubs, the All England Croquet Club, unsuccessfully attracted many enthusiasts and tried to incorporate tennis as another sport.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

As a result the club was very successful attracting enthusiasts especially to the game of Tennis until in 1877 changed its name to the 'All Engand Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club'.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

This history continued when the location of the club housed in Wimbledon there was a rise in ground rents which forced the club to obtain more funding than usual.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The club therefore held its first tennis tournament at Wimbledon by forming an committee to hold matches and make rules that are raw in this game.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The tournament was attended by 20 participants with an audience of around 200 people and it was the forerunner of the Wimbledon tournament which is one of the world's prestigious tennis grand slam tournaments.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

There are various types of racket-using games played today and tennis is one of the most preferred games.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

According to some historical accounts, games using balls and rackets have been played since before AD, namely in Egypt and Greece.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

In the 11th century a type of game called jeu de paume, which resembled the present-day game of tennis, had been played for the first time at an estate in France.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The balls used are clad with hairy threads while the beaters are simply hands.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The play was later introduced to Italy and England in the 13th century and received rave reviews in a short time.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Many of his enthusiasts turned out among the local folk to this game.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Since then the development of tennis has steadily increased to other European countries.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The belching racket was first introduced in the 15th century by Antonio da Scalo, an Italian priest.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

He wrote the general rules for all games that use the ball, including tennis.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The British magazine “Sporting Magazine” named the game as 'field tennis' (lawn tennis).


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

In the book “Book of Games And Sports”, published in 1801, it is referred to as “long tennis”.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Tennis was originally a game of top-class society.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The famous grass court tennis in the time of Queen Victoria was emulated by the middle class, which made it a regular game.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The first tennis club founded was Leamington in France by J. B. Perera, Harry Gem, Dr. Frederick Haynes, and Dr. Arthur Tompkins in 1872.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

In those days, tennis was referred to as pelota or lawn rackets.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Within 1874 the game of tennis had been first played in the United States by Dr. James Dwight and F. R. Sears.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Meanwhile, the All England Croquet Club had been founded in 1868.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Two years after that it was opened its office in Worple Road, Wimbledon.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

In 1875, the club was also willing to reserve part of its land for tennis and badminton games.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

In connection with that, the rules of the game of grass court tennis were written.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The United States established the first tennis club in Staten Island.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Starting from that, the game of tennis in the United States is growing at a rapid pace.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

From there were born many tough tennis players who master the world level tennis rules.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The first tennis championship began in 1877.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Court Rules The tennis court is divided in half by a net in the middle of which is exactly 91.4cm high and at the edge is 107cm.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Each half of the game field is divided into three facets: a rear facet and two front facets (for servicing).


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

The court and some of its segments are separated by white stripes that are part of the courts where tennis plays.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

A ball hit in the outfield (though not touching the line) is said to have gone out and given the opponent a score.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Forehand play technique: a punch in which the palm holding the racket is faced forward.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Backhand: a punch in which the back of the hand holding the racket is faced forward.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Groundstroke: a forehand or backhand hit done after the ball bounces once on your field.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Slice: a forehand or backhand blow in which the head of the racket is tilted slightly and hit by swinging the racket from top to bottom.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Spin: a forehand or backhand blow in which the racket is tilted slightly or a lot where if it hits the ball will undergo a change in direction (spin).


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Dropshot: a punch that hits the net and then falls in the opponent's area.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Smash: a hard hit that hits a ball without touching the ground overhead and is directed at the opponent's pitch.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Lob: a hit in which the ball is hit high into the majors next to the opponent's back.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Passing shot: a hit in which the ball through (rather than flashed over) an enemy that is near the net (see lob).


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Volley: forehand or backhand blows before the ball bounces down the court.


Question: who is the creator of the sport of tennis?

tennis

Tennis tournaments There are several notable tennis tournaments: Davis Cup Wimbledon (or All-England) French Open (or Roland Garros) US Open Australian Open See also List of tennis players Badminton Squash Table tennis (ping-pong) Reference Outside links International organizations international Team competitions Other


Question: How long has Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo served as the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia?

Chief of State Police of the Republic of Indonesia

The Chief of the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia or commonly abbreviated as Kapolri is the official who is the highest leader in the organization of the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia (Polri).


Question: How long has Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo served as the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia?

Since it was first formed, this position has experienced several changes in hierarchy and position names.


Question: How long has Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo served as the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia?

In the era of the Old Order, this position has experienced several times of change of name and in the New Order era the position of police chief hierarchically is under the Commander of ABRI.


Question: How long has Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo served as the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia?

History on August 19, 1945 the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) formed the State Police Agency (BKN).


Question: How long has Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo served as the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia?

On 29 September 1945 President Soekarno inaugurated Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo to become the Chief of the State Police (KKN). [1]


Question: How long has Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo served as the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia?

At first the police were in the environment of the Ministry of Home Affairs under the name of Djawatan State Police which only responsible administrative matters, while operational matters were responsible to the Attorney General. [2]


Question: How long has Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo served as the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia?

Starting from July 1, 1946 with the Government Determination of 1946 No. 11/S.D. Djawatan State Police directly responsible to the Prime Minister. [3]


Question: How long has Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo served as the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia?

During the country of the Republic of Indonesia United, the State Police Secretary of the Republic of Indonesia United States is under the Prime Minister with the Attorney General in the political and operational field. [4]


Question: How long has Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo served as the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia?

Meanwhile, in terms of maintenance and administrative composition is responsible to the Minister of Home Affairs.


Question: How long has Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo served as the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia?

President of RIS, Soekarno on January 21, 1950 re-appointed Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo as Chief of Police Secretary of the Republic of Indonesia. [5]


Question: How long has Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo served as the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia?

After RIS disbanded, Soekanto was reappointed as Chief of Police Secretary of the Republic of Indonesia. [6]


Question: How long has Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo served as the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia?

In 1961 the State Police became part of the armed forces. [7]


Question: How long has Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo served as the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia?

In 1962 the post of chief of police department was changed to Minister/Chief of State Police, [8] and changed again to Minister/Chief of Staff of the State Police Force. [9]


Question: How long has Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo served as the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia?

During the Cabinet Dwikora the position of police chief was changed again to Minister/Commander of the Police Force. [10]


Question: How long has Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo served as the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia?

After the 1970 reorganization of ABRI, again became the Chief of the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia (Kapolri) which was under the command of the Commander of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia (Panglima ABRI).


Question: How long has Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo served as the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia?

Starting from 1 April 1999, the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia was separated with the Indonesian National Army from ABRI and became stand-alone.


Question: How long has Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo served as the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia?

The police chief is elected by the President based on the approval of the House of Representatives and is directly responsible to the President.


Question: How long has Raden Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo served as the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia?

List of officials See also Commander of the Indonesian National Army Deputy Chief of State Police Republic of Indonesia Chief of Staff Army Army Chief of Staff Army Chief of Staff Army Chief of Staff Army Air Force Reference Outlink (in English)


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

United States Independence Day (Independence Day or Fourth of July) is a federal holiday every July 4 in the United States to commemorate the sailing of the Declaration of Independence by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

The declaration was a proclamation of the independence of the Thirteen Colonies from the Kingdom of Great Britain.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

U.S. Independence Day is celebrated with fireworks parties, parades, barbecues, carnivals, picnics, concerts, baseball games, political speeches, as well as various official activities and ceremonies related to the history, governance, and traditions of the United States.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

Celebration On the morning and evening of July 4, 1777, thirteen cannon shots were ringed in Bristol, Rhode Island.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

Celebrations in Philadephia mark the first ever U.S. Independence Day commemoration.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

At the Continental Congress were held official dinners, toasts, 13 times cannon shots, speeches, prayers, music, parades, troop checks, and fireworks parties.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

The ships were decorated with red, white, and blue flags.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

In 1778, General George Washington celebrated July 4 with artillery fire and the division of rum rations for the soldiers twice that of the usual rations.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

In Paris, Ambassadors John Adams and Benjamin Franklin held a dinner banquet for Americans.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

In 1779, the 4th of July fell on a Sunday.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

U.S. Independence Day is celebrated on Monday, July 5.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

In 1971, the Massachusetts General Court became the state legislative body in the U.S. that first set July 4 as a state celebration.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

In 1783, the congregation of the Moravian Church in Salem, North Carolina celebrated the 4th of July with the musical work Psalm of Joy by Johann Friedrich Peter.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

In 1791 for the first time the term Independence Day was instated in written documents.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

In 1870, the United States Congress designated U.S. Independence Day as an unpaid holiday for federal employees. [1]


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

In 1931, Congress changed U.S. Independence Day as a paid federal holiday for federal employees.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

Transclusion Outer link reference error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. on the website of the United States Department of State Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. by James R. Heintze, American University, Washington, D.C. Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: when did the United States stand as a first-time country?

Independence Day (United States)

Category:Feast days in the United States


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Wapauwe Old Mosque is a very historic mosque and is the oldest mosque in Moluccas.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

His lifespan reached seven centuries.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The mosque was built in 1414 AD.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The mosque, which today still stands solidly, becomes a testament to the history of Islam in the Moluccas of the past.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The historical heritage of Wapauwe Mosque is in an area that contains many ancient relics.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

About 150 meters from the mosque to the north, on the edge of the highway is an old church of Portuguese and Dutch relics that has been destroyed by the religious conflict that erupted in Ambon in 1999.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

In addition, 50 meters from the church to the north, stands firmly an old fortress “New Amsterdam”.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

This Dutch heritage fort which originally was Portuguese loji, located on the shore and bears witness to the history of the resistance of the fighters of Tanah Hitu through the Wawane War (1634-1643) and the Kapahaha War (1643-1646).


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Initially this mosque was named Wawane Mosque because it was built on the slopes of Mount Wawane by Pernada Jamilu, a descendant of the Islamic Sultanate of Jailolo from Moloku Kie Raha (North Maluku).


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The arrival of Prime Jamilu to the land of Hitu around 1400 AD, namely to spread Islamic teachings in five lands around the mountains of Wawane namely Assen, Wawane, Atetu, Tehala and Nukuhaly, which had previously been brought by mubaligh from the Arab country.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The mosque suffered a displacement of places due to interference from the Dutch who set foot in the Land of Hitu in 1580 after the Portuguese in 1512.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Before the outbreak of the Wawane War in 1634, the Dutch had disturbed the peace of the inhabitants of five villages who had adhered to Islamic teachings in their daily lives.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Feeling insecure by the Dutch, the Wawane Mosque was moved in 1614 to Kampung Tehala which is 6 km east of Wawane.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

And if there are leaves from the trees around that place fall, miraculously none of the leaves fall on it.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The second place of the mosque is located on a land where many forest mango trees grow or ash mango which in Kaitetu language is called Wapa.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

That is why this mosque was renamed with the name Wapauwe Mosque, meaning the mosque established under the ash mango tree.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

In 1646 the Dutch were finally able to take control of all the Land of Hitu.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

In the framework of its political economic policy, the Netherlands then undertook the process of decreasing the population from the mountainous regions is no exception to the fifth population of the country.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The process of transferring these five lands occurred in 1664, and that year was designated later as the year of establishment of Kaitetu State.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Another thing that is of historical value from the mosque is well stored Mushaf Koran which is said to be among the oldest in Indonesia.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The oldest is Mushaf Imam Muhammad Arikulapessy who was completed written (hand) in 1550 and without illumination (edge decoration).


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Whereas the other Mushaf is Mushaf Nur Cahya who finished written in 1590, and also without illumination as well as handwritten on European product paper.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Imam Muhammad Arikulapessy was the first imam of the Wapauwe Mosque.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

While Nur Cahya is the grandson of Imam Muhammad Arikulapessy.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Mushaf the results of these two men were exhibited at Istiqlal Festival in Jakarta, in 1991 and 1995.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

In addition to the Koran, Nur Cahya's other works are: Book Barzanzi or praises to the Prophet Muhammad SAW, a set of sermon manuscripts such as the First Friday Ramadan Khutbah manuscript 1661 A.D., Islamic Calendar 1407 AD, a falaqiah (relic) and other Islamic manuscripts of age hundreds of years.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

All of them historical relics, currently the heirloom of Marga Hatuwe is still stored well in the Hatuwe heirloom house cared for by Abdul Rachim Hatuwe, Descendant XII Imam Muhammad Arikulapessy.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The distance between Hatuwe heirloom house and Wapauwe Mosque is only 50 meters.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Transfer occult According to local folklore, told when the Tehalese, Atetu and Nukuhaly peoples descended to the coast and merged into Kaitetu land, Wapauwe Mosque is still in the Tehala plain.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

But one morning, when the community woke up from its sleep the mosque was occult in the middle of a population settlement in the land of Teon Samaiha, complete with all its completeness.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

“According to our belief (Kaitetu people) this mosque moved occult.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Because according to the stories of our elders, when people wake up early it turns out that the mosque already exists,” said Ain Nukuhaly, a resident of Kaitetu.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Meanwhile, Mushaf Nur Cahya's condition along with other old manuscripts seemed well maintained although it had suffered a little damage such as small holes, some of the fibers were exposed and the ink that broke due to damp air.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

According to Rahman Hatuwe, the heir of Mushaf Nur Cahya, the damage is due to factors of old paper, dust, air humidity and insect (animal) paper.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

He added that it once got a powder medicine (not named) to maintain the durability of these old manuscripts, only that the drug has run out.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

“This Koran Nur Cahya is still clear, and certain times I still read frequently (holy verses of the Koran from this Mushaf) as during Ramadan,” said Rahman who is a descendant of VIII Imam Muhammad Arikulapessy.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The construction and architecture of the Mosque, which is still preserved in this original architecture, stands on a piece of land which local citizens are named Teon Samaiha.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

It is located among the settlements of Kaitetu inhabitants in a very simple form.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The construction is walled gaba-gaba (dry sago rim) and spread the rumbia leaves, still serves well as a place with Friday prayers and five-time prayers, although there is already a new mosque in the village.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The parent building of Wapauwe Mosque measures only 10 x 10 meters, while the auxiliary building which is a portico measures 6.35 x 4.75 meters.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The typology of the building is four-squared.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The original building at the time of its establishment did not have a portico.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Although small and simple, this mosque has some uniqueness that other mosques rarely have, namely the construction of the mother building is designed without wearing nails or wooden pegs on any wooden joints.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The renovation of the Mosque was first renovated by its founder, Jamilu in 1464, without changing its original form.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Although it has experienced two redeployments, the core building of this mosque remains original.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The building underwent renovations both times in 1895 with the addition of a portico in front or the eastern part of the mosque.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The mosque many times underwent secondary renovation after the period of Indonesian independence.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

In 1959, the mosque's roof began using PC cement which was previously still pebbled.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

After that there were two major renovations, namely in December 1990-January 1991 with the change of 12 pillars as supporting columns and roof support beams.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

In 1993 carried out the alternation of the rafter bending beams and the ridge, by not replacing the four pillars as the main columns.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

In 1997, the roof of the mosque which originally used zinc was replaced with the material (originally) of nipah.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The nipah roof is replaced every five years.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Although it has been renovated many times, the mosque remains original because it does not change the core shape of the mosque at all.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Thus, it can be said that this mosque is the oldest mosque in the country that is still preserved authenticity today.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Last March 2008, the mosque was renovated again.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

The roof structure made of sago rim replaced a new one.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Accessibility To reach Kaitetu Country where Wapauwe Old Mosque is located, from the center of Ambon City can use land transportation with an hour drive.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Turning from Ambon City eastward towards Passo.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

At the intersection of three Passo turns to the left across the bridge, heading north and passing through green mountains with the road turning and uphill.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Along the way, people who want to go to Wapauwe Mosque can enjoy the natural landscape of the mountains, with the side of the road that sometimes exposes ravines, cliffs, or expanses of clove plants and green nutmeg soothing the eyes.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Before reaching Kaitetu, it first meets Hitu Country, which is located about 22 kilometers from Ambon.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

A downhill road, leading us to enter Hitu.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

On the road section we are treated to a panoramic view of the North coast of the beautiful Ambon Island with a stretch of coconut trees and mangroves.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

From it can also see clearly the Seram Strait with its calm sea.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Arriving at the intersection four Hitu, for those who carry vehicles must deflect the vehicle towards the left, or towards the west along the coast of North Jazirah Hitu.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Only after traveling 12 kilometers from it, it will find Kaitetu Country, the location of Wapauwe Mosque.


Question: What is the name of the oldest mosque in Indonesia?

Wapauwe Mosque

Reference (in Indonesian) (in Indonesian) Category:Mosques in Maluku Category:Ambon City


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Operation Ke (, Ke-Go Sakusen) was a Japanese army withdrawal operation from Guadalkanal that took place successfully in the final stages of the Guadalkanal Campaign of World War II.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The operation lasted from 14 January to 7 February 1943, and involved the Imperial Japanese Army and Imperial Japanese Navy under the fullest briefing of the Imperial Japanese General Headquarters.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Isoroku Yamamoto and Hitoshi Imamura were among the commanders in this operation.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Japan's decision to withdraw and cede Guadalkanal into Allied hands was based on several reasons.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Any Japanese attempts to retake Henderson Airfield on Guadalkanal ended in failure and caused great casualties for the Japanese.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The region's Japanese Navy fleet also suffered heavy losses in various missions sending reinforcements and supplies on Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

In addition, the estimated resources needed for subsequent efforts to seize Guadalkanal were seen as having influenced Japan's strategic security and operations in other territories of the Empire of Japan.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The decision to step down had received support from Emperor Hirohito on 31 December 1942.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The operation began on 14 January 1943 marked by the arrival of one battalion of infantry troops on Guadalkanal acting as rear row troops during evacuation.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Around the same time, aircraft from the Japanese army and navy began an air superiority campaign around the Solomon Islands and New Guinea.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

During the air campaign, one United States cruiser scuttled the Japanese in the Battle of Rennell Island.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Two days later, Japanese planes sank one American destroyer that was near Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Withdrawal operations were implemented by Japan on the nights of 1 February, 4 February, and 7 February 1943 wearing the destroyers.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Aside from several times of air attacks and torpedo patrol boat attacks against Japanese destroyers that were evacuating, the Allies did not attempt to actively obstruct the withdrawal of the Japanese army's retreat.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The Allied commanders believed the operation the Japanese were undertaking was a reinforcements delivery operation and not an evacuation operation.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

In all, the Japanese managed to evacuate 10,652 servicemen from Guadalkanal with only casualties of one destroyer sinking and damage to three destroyers.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

By 9 February 1943, the new Allied army realized that the Japanese army was already gone and declared Guadalkanal a safe area marking the end of the six-month seizure of Guadalkanal Island.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Background to the Guadalkanal Campaign On August 7, 1942, Allied armies (mainly the United States) landed on Guadalkanal, Tulagi, and the Florida Islands in the Solomon Islands.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The Allied landings on the islands were intended to prevent Japan from using Guadalkanal as a military base threatening the supply route between the United States and Australia.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The Allies also intended to secure the islands as a starting point for a campaign aimed at the end of isolating the main Japanese base at Rabaul, and simultaneously indirectly supporting the Allied-waged New Guinea campaign.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The Allied landings on Guadalkanal preceded the Guadalkanal Campaign which lasted for six months. [3]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The Japanese were surprised by the Allied landings.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

By dusk 8 August 1942, Allied armies (mainly the United States Marine Corps) had managed to secure Tulagi and adjacent smaller islands, following an airfield the Japanese were building on Guadalkanal, precisely at Cape Lunga.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The Allies later named the airfield as Henderson Airfield.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Allied aircraft operating from Henderson were called “Cactus Air Forces” according to the Allied password for Guadalkanal (Cactus). [4]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

In reaction to the Allied landings on Guadalkanal, Imperial Japanese General Headquarters assigned 17th Army to retake Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The 17th Army was a corps size unit based at Rabaul under the leadership of Lieutenant General Harukichi Hyakutake. [5]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The threat of Cactus Air Force aircraft caused the Imperial Japanese Navy to be unable to use its large and slow transport ships to deliver troops and supplies to Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Instead, warships based in Rabaul and the Shortland Islands were worn by Japan to deliver troops to Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Japanese warships that were mostly light cruisers and destroyers of the 8th Fleet under the command of Admiral Madya Gunichi Mikawa could usually make a voyage back and forth to Guadalkanal through the New Georgia Strait in just one night.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The convoy dispatched after sunset, and returned safely to the base before sunrise.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Those reinforcements missions were conducted at night to reduce the chances of being attacked by Cactus Air Force aircraft.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Japan put on a convoy of high-speed warships to transport supplies during the course of the Guadalkanal Campaign.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The Allies referred to the Japanese convoy as the “Tokyo Express”, while the Japanese side referred to it as the “Rat Transport”. [6]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

With the troops escorted by warships to Guadalkanal, the Japanese attempted three times to retake Henderson Airfield, and all ended in failure. [7]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

After failing a third time to seize Henderson Air Field, the Japanese were still trying to once again deliver the rest of the 38th Infantry Division and their heavy equipment to Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

But the mission thwarted the Allies in the Naval Battle of Guadalkanal 12 November—15 November 1942.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

As a result of the destruction of the Japanese fleet in the Naval Battle of Guadalkanal, the Japanese aborted subsequent attempts to recapture Henderson Airfield. [8]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

In mid-November, Allied armies attacked the Japanese stand at Buna-Gona, New Guinea.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The leadership of the Japanese navy's Combined Fleet headquartered at Truk and completely under the command of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto regarded the Allied forward motion in New Guinea as a greater threat to the security of the Empire of Japan than the Allied military presence south of the Islands Solomons.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Therefore, staff officers of the Japanese Navy's Combined Fleet began preparing plans to leave Guadalkanal, and shifting priorities and resources for their operations around New Guinea.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The navy at that time still did not inform the army of their true intentions. [9]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Entering December 1942, the Japanese had great difficulty keeping troops in Guadalkanal sufficient supplies due to Allied air and sea attacks on their bases and convoys.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The small amount of supplies that made it to Guadalkanal turned out to be insufficient to meet the daily needs of the Japanese army.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Until 7 December 1942, 50 Japanese servicemen were killed each day as a result of malanutrition, disease, and Allied ground and air attacks.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Wholly Japan dispatched nearly 30,000 army servicemen to Guadalkanal since the start of the campaign, but until December 1942 only roughly 20,000 servicemen were still alive.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Of these only roughly 12,000 servicemen are at least still fit for combat duty.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The rest have been unable to be assigned as a result of battle wounds, disease, or malanutrition. [10]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy were continuously scuttled or ravaged by the Allies in their attempt to keep the Japanese army in Guadalkanal obtaining sufficient supplies.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

One destroyer was sunk by American battleships at the Battle of Tassafaronga 30 November 1942.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

One other destroyer following one submarine was sunk, and two destroyers marred attack-attack American torpedo patrol boats and Air Force Cactus when carrying out a redebriefing mission from 3 December to 12 December 1942.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The Japanese navy grew increasingly frustrated after learning how little supplies finally reached the hands of the Japanese army in Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The leadership of the Japanese Joint Fleet began to express concerns to their colleagues in the army about the number of Japanese warships being sunk or damaged while carrying out supply missions to threaten strategic plans to protect the territory of the Empire of Japan on the future. [11]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The decision to withdraw Throughout November 1942, the leadership of the Imperial General Headquarters in Tokyo still continued to openly support further efforts to retake Guadalkanal from Allied hands.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

But at the same time, lower-ranking staff officers began secretly talking about plans to leave Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Takushiro Hattori and Masanobu Tsuji after both had just returned home visiting from Guadalkanal, told fellow staff officer colleagues that any further attempt to retake the island would be futile.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Ryūzō Sejima reported that the attribution of army troop strength turned out to be more severe than previously estimated so it was feared that it could no longer support operations in the foreseeable future.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

On 11 December 1942, two staff officers, Sea Letkol Yuji Yamamoto and Major (AD) Takahiko Hayashi arrived back in Tokyo from Rabaul, and confirmed the reports made by Hattori, Tsuji, and Sejima.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Both further reported that most of the naval and land force officers at Rabaul appeared to support Japanese plans to withdraw from Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Around that time anyway, the Japanese Ministry of War informed the Imperial General Headquarters of the insufficient number of wearable ships to support efforts to retake Guadalkanal or transport strategic resources to sustain economy and military power Japan. [12]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

On December 19, 1942, a delegation of Imperial General Headquarters staff officers led by Chief of General Headquarters Operations Section, Colonel (AD) Joichiro Sanada arrived in Rabaul to discuss plans for the future of New Guinea and Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Hitoshi Imamura, commander of the Region 8 Army in charge of army operations in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, did not directly recommend a withdrawal from Guadalkanal, but openly and overtly explained the difficulties that is being faced with regards to further efforts to recapture Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Imamura also stated that any withdrawal decision should include a plan for evacuation of as many troops from Guadalkanal as possible. [13]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

After Sanada arrived back in Tokyo on 25 December 1942, and recommended to the Imperial General Headquarters that Guadalkanal be abandoned with immediate effect, and all priority be devoted to the campaign in New Guinea.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The General Headquarters leadership approved Sanada's recommendation on 26 December 1942, and ordered their staff to begin drawing up plans for withdrawal from Guadalkanal as well as constructing a new defensive line in the central Solomon Islands. [14]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

On 28 December 1942, General Hajime Sugiyama and Admiral Osami Nagano personally explained to Emperor Hirohito about the decision to withdraw from Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

On December 31, 1942, the decree was officially endorsed by the emperor. [15]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The plan and the parties involved On 3 January 1943, the Imperial General Headquarters notified the 8th Region Army and the Combined Fleet of the decision to withdraw from Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Prior to 9 January 1942, the Joint Fleet staff along with the 8th Region Army staff had finished drawing up a plan that was officially named Operation Ke.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The name of this operation is taken from one of the mora in the Japanese Cana script. [16]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The plan necessitated the landing of one army infantry battalion by destroyers around January 14, 1942.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

They will be used as rear guard troops during the evacuation.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The 17th Army according to the plan began to be withdrawn to the western end of the island approximately on 25 January or 26 January 1943.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The air superiority campaign around the southern Solomon Islands according to the plan began on 28 January 1943.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Troops of the 17th Army would be picked up in three waves by the destroyers in the first week of February, with a target of completion on 10 February 1943.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

At the same time, a fleet of Japanese warships and aircraft would conduct conspicuous maneuvers and small raids around New Guinea and the Marshall Islands, accompanied by fake radio traffic as an attempt to trick the Allies of true Japanese intent. [17]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Admiral Yamamoto assigned the aircraft carriers Junyō and Zuihō, the gunships Kongō and Haruna, and four heavy cruisers plus one destroyer as a veil flotilla to protect Operation Ke at a distance.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Nobutake Kondo acted as commander of the veil fleet under the leadership of Nobutake Kondō which would be stationed around the island of Ontong Java in the north of the Solomon Islands.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The evacuation missions would be conducted by Mikawa's 8th Fleet consisting of the heavy cruisers Chōkai and Kumano, the light cruiser Sendai, and 21 destroyers.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Mikawa's destroyers were tasked with conducting actual evacuation operations.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Yamamoto reckoned at least half of the number of Mikawa destroyers expected to sink as casualties in this operation. [18]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Supporters of air superiority in these operations were the Imperial Japanese Navy's 11th Air Fleet and the Imperial Japanese Army's 6th Air Division based at Rabaul, with strengths of 212 and 100 aircraft respectively.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

In addition, 64 aircraft from the Zuikaku aircraft carrier air group were temporarily assigned to Rabaul.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The total Japanese aircraft involved in the operation totaled 436 aircraft with an additional 60 seagoing aircraft from the navy's “R” Region Air Force based at Rabaul, Bougainville and the Shortland Islands.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The combined units of warships and naval aviation of Japan were inaugurated under the name of the Southeast Area Fleet under the command of Jinichi Kusaka in Rabaul. [19]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Japan's opponents were the United States aircraft carriers Enterprise and Saratoga, six escort carriers, three fast gunships, four old gunships, 13 cruisers, and 45 destroyers under the command of Admiral (U.S.) William Halsey, Jr. who served commander of Allied armies in the South Pacific.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

In the air, Air Force 13 deployed 92 fighter and bomber aircraft under the command of Brigadier General (AD) Nathan F. Twining.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Meanwhile, the Cactus Air Force in Guadalkanal prepared 81 aircraft under the command of Brigadier General (Marine) Francis pp.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Mulcahy.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Admiral Young Aubrey Fitch was appointed overall commander of the South Pacific Air Forces.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

An additional 339 aircraft were obtained from aircraft carriers and escort carriers.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

In addition, 30 heavy bomber aircraft were stationed in New Guinea, and had sufficient cruising power to perform bombing missions over the Solomon Islands.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

In total, the Allies had a stockpile of roughly 539 aircraft to thwart Operation Ke. [20]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

By the first week of January 1943, due to casualties of disease, starvation, and fall in battle, Hyakutake's men had dwindled to roughly 14,000 warriors.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Among those who remained, most were no longer strong fighting because of being too sick and malnourished.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

17th Army had three field cannons that were operational, but in a state of desperately short of cannon shells.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

On the other hand, the Allied commander at Guadalkanal, Major General (AD) Alexander Patch fielded a combined force of 50,666 personnel from the United States Army and United States Marine Corps called XIV Corps.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The patch has 167 artillery guns, including 75mm, 105mm and 155mm caliber howitzers which all feature a plentiful supply of bullets. [21]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Operation Preparatory On 1 January 1943, the Japanese military switched their radio communications codes making it difficult for Allied intelligence to guess Japanese intent and motions.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The code replacement was made after a portion of the Japanese radio password was broken by the Allies.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Throughout January, reconnaissance and analysis of Allied radio traffic noted a concentration of ships and aircraft on Truk, Rabaul, and the Shortland Islands.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Allied analysts concluded that the increase in radio traffic in the Marshall Islands was nothing more than a flurry to distract the Allies from the operations the Japanese would conduct in New Guinea or the Solomon Islands.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Nonetheless, Allied intelligence personnel misinterpreted the intent of the operations the Japanese carried out.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

On 26 January 1943, the intelligence section of Allied Pacific Command alerted to Allied soldiers in the Pacific that Japan was preparing a new offensive codenamed Ke in the Solomon Islands or New Guinea. [22]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

On 14 January 1943, a Tokyo Express mission consisting of nine destroyers delivered the Yano Battalion to Guadalkanal to be assigned as a rear row guard force in the evacuation of Ke.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Major Keiji Yano led a battalion of 750 infantry troops and a mountain cannon battery manned by 100 other warriors.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Farmed with the Yono Battalion was Lieutenant Colonel Kumao Imoto as the representative of the 8th Region Army who was tasked with delivering orders and evacuation plans to Hyakutake.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

17th Army still does not know about any decision to withdraw.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

On their way home from Guadalkanal, nine Japanese destroyers were attacked by aircraft of Cactus Air Force and Air Force 13 to the point of resulting damage to two destroyers, Arashi and Tanikaze, as well as shooting down eight Japanese fighter planes escorting the convoy.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Five American airplanes were shot down. [23]”


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

It is a very onerous task for the Army to retreat in the situation as it is now.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

However, the commands of the Territory Army made by order of the emperor, were to be implemented at whatever the fare.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

I can't guarantee this mission can be fully implemented.” Harukichi Hyakutake, January 16, 1943 [24] On the night of January 15, 1943, Imoto arrived at 17th Army headquarters in Kokumbona, and informed Hyakutake along with the staff of the decision to withdraw from Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

After receiving the order reluctantly on 16 January, the staff of the new 17th Army delivered Ke's evacuation plan to their men on 18 January 1943.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The plan addressed the 38th Division which was then defending against the United States offensive in the inland hills to stop fighting and retreat all the way to Cape Esperance at the western end of the Guadalkanal from 20 January 1943.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The withdrawal of the 38th Division would be protected by the 2nd Infantry Division already in Guadalkanal since October 1942, and by the Yano Battalion which would further follow the 38th Division's footsteps westward.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Every soldier who is no longer able to walk is recommended to commit suicide for the sake of “upholding the honor of the Imperial Army”. [25]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Patch's westward retreat began a new Allied offensive exactly when the Japanese 38th Division began to withdraw from their standing on the ridges and hills in the interior of Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

On 20 January 1943, the 25th Infantry Division under the command of Major General J. Lawton Collins attacked several hills that United States soldiers referred to as Hill 87, Hill 88, and Hill 89.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The three hills form a ridge that dominates the terrain at Kokumbona.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The United States Army met much lighter resistance than their anticipation, and managed to seize all three hills before the morning of 22 January 1943.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

After redeploying troops to take advantage of the unexpected advance, Collins immediately resumed the forward motion of his troops, and before dusk managed to seize the next two hills, Hill 90 and Hill 91.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The advance gained by the American soldiers kept them ready to besiege and seize Kokumbona, as well as capture the Japanese 2nd Division. [26]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Japan reacted quickly to the situation on the ground, and immediately evacuated its soldiers from Kokumbona.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The 2nd Division was ordered to immediately withdraw westward.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The American army captured Kokumbona on 23 January 1943.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Although some Japanese units were destroyed by being trapped among the American forces, most of the members of the 2nd Division who survived managed to escape. [27]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Patch still worries about a new Japanese offensive that has been reinforced.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

In one attack on Japanese positions west of Kokumbona, he only dared to deploy troops roughly a number of one regiment.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The remainder were positioned near Cape Lunga to protect the airfield.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The state of the terrain west of Kokumbona benefited Japanese efforts to impede the forward motion of American forces while the remaining 17th Army troops continued their withdrawal towards Cape Esperance.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The forward motion of the American forces was inhibited on a narrow land roughly 270 m to 550 m wide flanked by oceans, dense forests inland, and rugged coral hills.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The coral hills are perpendicular to the coast, crossed by a number of rivers and creeks so that the state of the terrain is similar to a “washboard”. [28]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

On 26 January 1943, a united United States Army and Marines called the Combined Army-Marine Division (Composite Army-Marine) advanced westward to face off against the Yano Battalion on the Marmura River.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The Combined Division of the U.S. Army Marines was temporarily able to be stopped by Yano forces who then slowly retreated westward throughout the next three days.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

On 29 January 1943, the Yano Battalion retreated up to across the Bonegi River.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

There were already waiting for the soldiers of the 2nd Division who had built up other defensive positions. [29]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The Japanese defensive stronghold at Bonegi managed to hold back the forward motion of the American army for nearly three days.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

After assisted coastal bombardments from destroyers Wilson and Anderson, the United States army on 1 February 1943 managed to get across the river, but did not immediately force forward westward. [30]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The air campaign of Operation Ke's air superiority campaign began mid-January with nightly nuisance raids into Henderson Air Field by three to ten Japanese aircraft resulting in only minor damage.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

On 20 January 1943, one Kawanishi H8K aircraft flying single-handedly bombed Espiritu Santo.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

On 25 January, the Imperial Japanese Navy deployed 58 Zero fighter aircraft on a broad daylight attack mission to Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

In reply, the Cactus Air Force dispatched eight Wildcat and six P-38 fighter aircraft which all returned safely after shooting down four Zero aircraft. [31]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

A second larger major offensive was waged on 27 January 1943 by nine Kawasaki Ki-48 light bomber aircraft escorted by 74 Nakajima Ki-43 fighter aircraft belonging to the Imperial Japanese Army's 6th Air Division from Rabaul.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Twelve Wildcats, six P-38s, and ten Curtiss P-40s from Henderson Air Field welcomed the attack by Japanese aircraft over Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

In the aerial duel, six Japanese fighter aircraft were shot down, while Cactus Air Force casualties consisted of one Wildcat, four P-40, and two P-38s.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Kawasaki bombers dropped their bombs on American strongholds around the Matanikau River causing only minor damage. [32]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The Battle of Rennell Halsey Island thought the Japanese were embarking on a massive offensive south of the Solomon Islands with Henderson Airfield as the target.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Halsey therefore responded by sending one debriefing convoy back to Guadalkanal on 29 January 1943 supported by most of the battleships divided into five task forces.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The five task forces included two aircraft carrier fleets, two escort carriers, three gunships, 12 cruisers, and 25 destroyers. [33]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

As the veil of the arrival of the transport ship convoys was Task Force 18 (TF 18) under the command of Admiral Young Robert C. Giffen.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Giffen's veil fleet was of three heavy cruisers, three light cruisers, two escort carriers, and eight destroyers.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The aircraft carrier fleet task force pinpointed the aircraft carrier Enterprise sailing roughly 400 kilometers (250miles) behind Task Force 18. [34]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

In addition to protecting supplies convoys, Task Force 18 was assigned to rendezvous with four United States destroyers of Tulagi origin at 21:00 on 29 January 1943.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The next day, they were jointly tasked with sweeping in the New Georgia Strait north of Guadalkanal as a veil of transports unloading cargo at Guadalkanal. [35]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

But as a result of the escort carriers sailing so slowly, Giffen's fleet was hampered from arriving on time at the rendezvous point as scheduled.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Therefore, Giffen who still wanted to arrive at the meeting point on the original schedule continued to sail forward leaving the escort carriers behind with a flock of two destroyers at 14:00 on 29 January 1943. [36]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Giffen's fleet was observed by Japanese submarines reporting the location and movements of the American fleet to the unity of the naval headquarters. [37]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Around the evening, based on submarine reports, 16 Mitsubishi G4M Type 1 bombers from 705th Air Group and 16 Mitsubishi G3M Type 96 bomber aircraft from 701st Air Group took off from Rabaul.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

They carried torpedo-torpedoes that would be worn to attack the Giffen fleet which at that time was located between Rennell Island and Guadalkanal. [38]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Torpedo-bombing aircraft attacked Giffen's ships in two waves between 19.00 and 20:00.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The heavy cruiser USS<i>Chicago fell victim to two Japanese torpedoes that caused heavy damage until the engines stalled.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Three Japanese airplanes were shot down by antiaircraft guns fired on Giffen's ships.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Halsey acted by sending a tugboat to drag Chicago, and ordered Giffen's task force to return to base on the next day.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Six destroyers were left behind to escort Chicago and the tugs. [39]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

At 16:00 on 30 January 1943, the Chicago which was being towed by tugboats was attacked by 11 Mitsubishi torpedo bombers of the 751st Air Group based at Kavieng and wearing Buka as a layover area.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The warplanes from the Enterprise shot down eight Japanese aircraft, but most of them had already fired off their torpedo-torpedoes before they crashed.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

One torpedo right hit the destroyer USS<i>La Vallette and caused heavy damage.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Four more torpedoes hit Chicago to the point of making the cruiser sink. [40]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

A convoy of United States transports arrived at Guadalkanal and successfully unloaded cargo on 30 January and 31 January 1943.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The rest of Halsey's warships were stationed in the Coral Sea which was south of the Solomon Islands.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

They were tasked with awaiting the arrival of Japanese warships that the Allies believed were soon to arrive in support of a massive offensive.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The towed retreat of Task Force 18 from Guadalkanal meant the loss of a potential threat to the smooth running of Operation Ke. [41]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

In addition, on 29 January 1943 at 18:30, two New Zealand Navy corvettes intercepted a Japanese submarine<i>I-1 that was attempting to conduct a debriefing mission at sea near Kamimbo, Guadalcanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The two such New Zealand corvettes are the Moa and a Kiwi.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The two rammed and sank I-1 after lasting a 90-minute battle.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

(Coordinates:). [42]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

First wave evacuation After abandoning his explorers at Kavieng, Mikawa on 31 January 1943 gathered all of the 21 destroyers present at the Japanese naval base in the Shortland Islands, and began an evacuation mission.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Young Admiral Shintaro Hashimoto was appointed commander of a cluster of destroyers called the Reinforcements Unit.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Sixty seagoing aircraft from Region Air Force “R” were tasked with guiding the Reinforcements Unit and assisting in defense against torpedo patrol boat attacks during the course of night evacuation missions.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Allied B-17 bomber aircraft attacked the port of the Shortland Islands on the morning of 1 February 1943 without causing any damage and even having to lose four aircraft shot down Japanese fighter aircraft.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Still on the same day, the 6th Air Division of the Imperial Japanese Army attacked Henderson Air Field using 23 Nakajima Ki-43 fighter planes and six Kawasaki Ki-48 bombers, but did not cause any damage despite sacrificing one fighter. [43]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

According to Patch's forecast, the Japanese would retreat to the southern coast of Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

On 1 February 1943, Patch landed one battalion of reinforcements which was a strength of 1500 army troops and Marines under the command of Colonel Alexander George at Verahue which was on the south coast of Guadalkanal.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The United States Army was ushered to the landing site by a flotilla of transport ships consisting of six tank landers and one transport destroyer (Stringham) escorted by four other destroyers (the same destroyers as the ships prepared for the Cluster Duty 18 three days earlier).


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Allied landing convoys were spotted by Japanese reconnaissance aircraft


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The Japanese considered the convoy a threat to the evacuation mission that was as planned to be implemented that night.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

An airstrike of 13 Aichi D3A hatchling bomber aircraft with an escort of 40 Zero aircraft was dispatched from Buin, Bougainville to attack Allied ships. [44]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Misrecognizing the Japanese planes that came as comrade planes, the United States destroyers did not open fire until Japanese bomber planes began to swoop.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

In a battle that began at 14.53, the destroyer De Haven soon fell victim to three pieces of Japanese bombs and was immediately sunk at 2 miles (3.2km) south of Savo Island following the skipper and 167 of her crew.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The destroyer Nicholas was damaged by several near-precise bombs.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Five hatchwood bombers and three Zero aircraft crashed as victims of antiaircraft gun fire and Cactus Air Force aircraft.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Three Wildcat aircraft belonging to Air Force Cactus were shot down. [45]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Hashimoto departed the Shortland Islands at 11:30 on 1 February 1943 with 20 destroyers to begin the evacuation of the first wave.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Eleven destroyers functioned as transports, escorted by nine other destroyers as veil ships.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

In the afternoon near Vangunu, the Japanese destroyers were attacked by 92 Cactus Air Force aircraft coming in two waves.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The Allied airmen dropped a near-precise bomb on the Makinami being worn as a command ship by Hashimoto, and caused heavy damage.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Four Air Force Cactus aircraft were shot down.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Hashimoto was transferred to Shirayuki, while Fumizuki was removed to pull Makinami back to base. [46]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Eleven United States torpedo patrol boats plied the arrival of Hashimoto's destroyers between Guadalkanal and Savo Island.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Beginning at 22:45, Hashimoto's destroyers and Allied torpedo patrol boats engaged in a series of skirmishes lasting three hours.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Assisted by aircraft from Region Air Force “R”, Hashimoto's destroyers sank three torpedo patrol boats. [47]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Meanwhile, Japanese transport destroyers arrived at two pick-up points at Cape Esperance and Kamimbo in succession at 22:40 and 24.00.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Japanese naval personnel transported the soldiers already waiting by means of barges and landing ships, and raised them aboard the destroyers.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Young Admiral Tomiji Koyanagi, deputy commander of the Reinforcements Unit described the state of the evacuated soldiers, “The clothes they wore were so ragged and dirty, the deterioration of their physical condition was overwhelming.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Maybe they were happy but their faces showed no expression of anything.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Their digestive organs were so badly damaged, we were unable to give them food, only porridge. “[48]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Another officer added, “Their buttocks were so emaciated that their anus was clearly visible, and when on board the destroyer transporting them, they suffered prolonged and uncontrollable diarrhea. “[49]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

After raising 4,935 servicemen, mainly from the 38th Division, the transport destroyers had no longer raised payloads by 01.58, and were preparing to make a return voyage to the Shortland Islands.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Around that time, Makigumo, who was assigned as one of the veil ships, was suddenly hit by a huge explosion due to a torpedo released by an American torpedo patrol boat or a sea minesweeper.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

After receiving word Makigumo had been maimed, Hashimoto ordered the crew to abandon ship, and Makigumo was scuttled.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

On the return journey, the Reinforcements Unit was attacked by Cactus Air Force aircraft in the morning at 08.00, but did not cause any damage, and survived arriving in the Shortland Islands without any further incident on 2 February 1943 at 12:00 noon. [50]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Evacuation of the second and third waves On 4 February 1943, Patch ordered Infantry Regiment 161 to replace Infantry Regiment 147 on the front line, and continued the forward movement effort westward.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Yano's battalion retreated to new strongholds on the Segilau River, and its forces were deployed to contain the forward motion of Colonel Alexander George's forces along the southern coast.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Meanwhile, Halsey's task force of aircraft carriers and gunships remained exactly outside the range of Japanese air strikes, about 300 miles (480km) south of Guadalkanal. [51]


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Kondo dispatched two of his fleet of destroyers, Asagumo and Samidare to the Shortland Islands to replace two destroyers sunk in the evacuation of the first wave.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Hashimoto led a second evacuation mission supported by 20 destroyers south toward Guadalkanal at 11:30 on 4 February 1943.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

With a strength of 74 aircraft divided in two waves, the Cactus Air Force began an attack on Hashimoto's fleet at 15:50.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The bombs that fell almost right resulted in Maikaze being heavily damaged.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

Hashimoto sent off Nagatsuki to pull Maikaze home to the Shortland Islands.


Question: Who led the Battle of Rennell Island?

Operation Ke

The Cactus Air Force lost 11 aircraft that crashed in the attack, while the Japanese lost one Zero aircraft. [52]