Question: What is the duration of Stand Up Comedy Indonesia's one-time show?

Stand Up Comedy Indonesia Kompas TV

List of winners Gallery View Stand Up Comedy Indonesia 1st season View Stand Up Comedy Indonesia 2nd season Display Stand Up Comedy Indonesia 3rd season View Stand Up Comedy Indonesia 4th season View Stand Up Comedy Indonesia 5th season View Stand Up Comedy Indonesia 6th season View Stand Up Comedy Indonesia 7th season View Stand Up Comedy Indonesia 8th season Reference Outlinks (in Indonesian) on Twitter on Facebook on YouTube Category:Competition Category:Television Shows Category:Indonesian television shows Category:Television Shows Category:Television Shows Compas TV


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Main Page Knights of Ramune (VS) is an OVA created as a continuation series of VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fire.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

This OVA narrates the new adventures of Parfait and Cacao, in the quest for the 4th generation Lamune knight.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

With the task given to them by their elders, halfway through the journey they are joined by a child named Lemon (who is 12 years old) and PQ.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

This OVA was released in the United States by Software Sculptors and Central Park Media.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

The large number of scenes of nudity, fanservice, and sexual themes, make this OVA significantly different from the original TV series.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Many characters are named after various drinks, especially alcohol.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Figure Parfait - a Holy Virgin who is still in the training stage.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

But go to find her identity.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

On this OVA, Parfait is depicted as a pilot a highly experimental mecha.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Cacao - a Holy Virgin who has finished running her training program and helps Parfait in all battles.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

PQ (alternately spelled Piqu) - former Baba Lamunedo/3rd generation Lamune knight robot advisor, who is now Parfait's advisor.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Lemon - his full name Lemonedo, was a sweet, clever and careless 12-year-old, who eventually joined Parfait and Cacao.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Indeed, he is a 4th generation Lamune knight.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Baba Lamunedo (Ramune) s III - 3rd generation Lamune knight.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Who are in Memories of Parfait and Cacao as they fall to earth up to in battle.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Ramunes IV - an impostor ruled by Don Vodka as the leader while he took the place of the Lamune knight until Don Vodka managed to find the real 4th generation Lamune knight.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Electone - an android copy of Drum.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

He was assigned to assist the 4th generation Lamune.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

And he is also the one who controls the Dark Knight to destroy Earth along with Parfait and Cacao.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Don Vodka - a part-android that has been integrated into Giga Genos.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

And he's also the one telling everyone else to be k-4 Lamunes.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Story After the mission with the 3rd generation Lamune knight is completed, Parfait and Cacao decide to part ways and share knowledge in different places.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Cacao continues to recluse in the temple and tries to increase his magical powers, while Parfait goes elsewhere in search of his lost self.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

One day he is summoned by his elder elder to return to Kira Kira World.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Upon hearing the news, Parfait thinks that she will be made a Holy Virgin, but she is called back only to be given the task with Cacao to seek out the 4th generation Lamunes knight to avoid the subsequent doom of the Kira Kira World world.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Religious elders sent Parfait and Cacao using magic to a Plane known as Giga Genos.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

After reaching the Giga Plane Genos Parfait and Cacao are shocked because they see a battle they have not seen before in the Lamune world.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

And there Parfait and Cacao found a place where the child child was held captive and taken captive and with their strength, Parfait and cacao managed to defeat the guards and free the children.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Then they escaped and boarded one of the ships.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Afterwards they are pursued by the guards until they meet the 4th Lamunes, a person who professes himself to be the ruler of the whole world with a cruel, evil and sadistic nature.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

In order to stop his plans, Parfait and Cacao continue to fight with his forces.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

And they escape from their army until they finally meet a little boy named Lemon, and accidentally they get into a Robot that eventually Parfait, Cacao and Lemon fall to earth.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

The 4th Lammune's trusted men, namely Electone found the 4th Lamune with Cacao in the lake.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

The parfait who realizes that Cacao is disappearing goes straight to Lake having been notified in advance by Lamune k-4.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Parfait trying to help Cacao who is in the Lamune K-4 Ship.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

However his resistance failed so Cacao successfully kidnapped the 4th Lamune.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

As the 4th Lamune begins to do the Dark Knight's digging, Parfait, PQ, and Lemon sneak onto Giga Genos' ship to rescue Cacao.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

There they see Don Vodka being injured.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

He explains that indeed the 4th Lamune was an impostor ruled by Don Vodka to temporarily replace the position of the original 4th Lamune.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Electone is soon surprised that the 4th Lamune has abandoned himself and he eventually encounters Parfait and Cacao, they manage to dissuade Electone and go straight down to earth by boarding Giga Genos, to stop the Dark Knight.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

The sober Electone immediately places the 4th Lamune who is in the Dark Knight mechanism, but rejects the arrival of Lamune k-4.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

When the 4th Lamune is killed, Electone re-activates the Dark Knight.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

That makes the Dark Knight activate a mechanism that can spew energy from the Earth's surface.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

The almost desperate parfait was helped by Lemon to keep Parfait from giving up, Parfait soon regained consciousness thanks to Lemon providing the same support as Lamunedo.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

After they defeated Electone who boarded the Dark Knight they went inside the Dark Knight.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

Parfait and Cacao enter the Dark Knight's cockpit but the Dark Knight mechanism rejects them and can only be moved by the original Lamunes k-4.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

At that point Lemon also enters the Dark Knight and informs him that he is Lamune -4 generation and finally the Dark Knight mechanism recognizes Lemon as a 4th generation Lamunes Knight.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

With orders from Lemon, the Dark Knight is ordered to retreat and sleep again.


Question: What is the number of epidose VS Knight Lamune & 40?

VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fresh

See also Ng Ramune NG Knight Lamune & 40 NG Knight Lamune & 40 EX VS Knight Lamune & 40 Fire Outlinks (anime) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia Category:Action anime Category:Anime and manga comedies Category:Anime and fantasy manga Category:Anime mecha Category:Anime of the Year 1997 Category:OVA anime


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

Crossplay (cross-dressing and cosplay) is cosplay when someone dresses like a gender different figure than himself. [1]


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

People who do crossplay are called crossplayer.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

Crossplay was found along with the running of anime conventions.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

Just like cosplay, crossplay is no longer exclusive to certain genres alone.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

Some skills are required in crossplay, for example, male skills to look like women.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

It is quite similar to opera travesti, where they dress that are gender different from themselves only at the time of performance, not in their daily lives.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

Female-to-male crossplay In most countries that host fans who call themselves cosplayers, female-to-male crossplayers (women who play male characters, sometimes abbreviated as “FtM”) are much more common, due to various factors social and cultural. [2]


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

Many (or even almost all) women who want to do crossplay have the same reason when they want to do cosplay, which is because they like the figure and/or costume and want to show it. [1]


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

In Japan, female cosplayers tend to dominate the cosplay world in general in terms of numbers.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

They often play a variety of figures, without caring about gender.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

In anime and manga, bishōnen are depicted as liminal creatures, therefore a female is considered “easier” to crossplay as a bishōnen than as a male character from Western series. [3]


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

Social stigma In some countries, the FTM crossplayer does not seem more strange in the public eye than its counterpart does not crossplay.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

However, in some other countries, there is a social stigma attached to FTM crossplay: some people, especially those outside the cosplay community, suspect that the FTM crossplayer as being transgender, lesbian, or having penis envy.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

On the other hand, within the cosplay community, there is very little stigma attached to the FTM crossplayer.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

Contrary to some of these social stigmas, almost all women who do crossplay are not lesbian or transgender.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

They just enjoy the art of dressing as their favorite figures.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

For the crossplayer, this is no different from an actress who plays a male role.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

Male-to-female crossplay Male-to-female crossplayers (males playing female characters, sometimes abbreviated as “MtF”) are more common outside Japan.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

Originally, a popular anime series for MtF crossplayers in America was Sailor Moon, which created “humorous effects and social frivolity”. [4]


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

Due to the nature of most of the costumes of the series (tight tops and very short skirts) it is the main cause of the emergence of negative stereotypes that still exist both inside and outside the anime community: an overweight Sailor Soldier with hairy legs.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

This is a very insulting stereotype but has often been parodied, sometimes through genderplay crossplay that is deliberately made ironic.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

For example, like Sailor Bubba and Man-Faye. [5]


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

However, at anime conventions of recent years there was seen an increase in the number of MtF crossplayers who made tremendous preparation and effort to be able to portray female personalities.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

Some males, especially teenagers, often manage to create a striking feminine image that can outwit most audiences.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

MTF crossplay can usually be separated into two groups: those involved in genderplay and those who attempt to appear as female.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

The existence of striking differences between the two groups is due to the existing social context regarding male crossdressing.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

For most males, wearing women's clothes is not something to be taken for granted, so most crossplayers have to choose whether to take an ironic humor approach (intentionally agitating themselves in appearing as female), or as a masquerade act (trying to to appear as female).


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

Social stigma Although some of the stigmas attached to MtF crossplay are so diverse, ranging from the notion that they are expected to be born as different genders to homophobia, MtF crossplay has been very well received amidst most convention communities.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

In anime conventions, audiences typically support MtF crossplay, although the way they express it may vary.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

Most MtF crossplayers are not homosexual or transgender, although the ratio of homosexuals and transgenders among MTF crossplayers is slightly higher than among the general public.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

Much of the anime convention community seems to accept this blurring of gender roles and may encourage some male fans to experiment with unconventional gender roles, such as things that would be impossible to try outside the convention environment.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

Crossplay genderplay Crossplay genderplay is a costume show that plays or parodies roles, perceptions and things related to traditional gender.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

This is done by means of presenting confusing gender identity on purpose.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

The term genderplay crossplay can also be called by a more precise term that is gendersex crossplay.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

But since there are enough kids who participate in crossplay, there is a consensus where the term genderplay crossplay is more acceptable.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

In the cosplay convention community, some people with extensive media coverage often misrepresent the general crossplay community, by showing an exaggerated side of genderplay.


Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

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Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

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Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

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Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

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Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

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Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

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Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

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Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

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Question: what is the designation of people who do crossplay?

Crossplay

Category:Cosplay Category:Transgender


Question: Who is one of the famous literati from Iceland?

Icelandic name

The Icelandic name differs from most western clans systems today.


Question: Who is one of the famous literati from Iceland?

Icelandic name

Names in Iceland use a patronymic or sometimes matronymic naming system: the name indicates the father (or mother) of the child and not the historical family genealogy.


Question: Who is one of the famous literati from Iceland?

Icelandic name

Iceland shares a common cultural heritage with Scandinavian countries such as Norway, Sweden, and Denmark with the Faroe Islands.


Question: Who is one of the famous literati from Iceland?

Icelandic name

But unlike other Scandinavian countries, Iceland still uses the traditional name system, which used to be used by all Nordic countries except Finland. [1]


Question: Who is one of the famous literati from Iceland?

Icelandic name

Thus, the naming system in Iceland is not based on clan names (although some people have clan names and may use both naming systems).


Question: Who is one of the famous literati from Iceland?

Icelandic name

Generally, a person's last name indicates the diminutive name of their father (patronymic) or in some cases, their mother (matronymic).


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

According to Icelandic name tradition, Icelandic last names end in -son - or -dóttir with a few exceptions.


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

There are several clan names in Iceland, which are generally the result of adaptations of patronymic last names that Icelanders take when living abroad, usually Danish.


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

Notable Icelanders who have the name of the clan include erdana minister Geir Haarde, football star Eiður Smári Guðjohnsen, businessman Magnús Scheving, film director Baltasar Kormákur Samper, actress Anita Briem, and member of parliament (and former news reporter) Elín Hirst.


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

Before 1925 it was still allowed to take new surnames; one of the people who did so was Nobel Prize Recipient author Halldór Laxness, while another writer, Einar Hjörleifsson and all his brothers chose the surname “Kvaran”.


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

Since 1925, it has not been allowed, unless explicitly having a legally valid right to do so through inheritance. [2] (


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

This law was amended in 1991 and 1996. [3]) First names never previously used in Iceland must be approved by the Icelandic Names Committee (Icelandic: Mannanafnanefnd) before use. [4]


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

The criterion for the name to be used is whether it can be easily incorporated into Icelandic.


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

With a few exceptions, the name must contain only letters found on the Icelandic alphabet (including and ð), and that name must be declinable according to the grammatical case system.


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

Names lacking in line with the sex of the person are usually not allowed; however, as of January 2013, a 15-year-old female named Blær (a masculine noun in Icelandic) remains allowed to use the name in a court decision that overturned rejection by the Names Committee. [5]


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

Her mother, Björk Eiðsdóttir, did not realize at the time that Blær was considered masculine, she had read a novel Halldór Laxness wrote, Fish Who Can Singing (1957), which recounted a female figure named Blær, meaning “wind”, and had decided that if she had a daughter, he would give her the name Blær. [6]


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

Typical Icelandic naming A man named Jón Einarsson has a son named Ólafur.


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

Ólafur's last name is not Einarsson like his father; his last name would be named Jónsson, indicating that Ólafur is the son of Jón (Jóns + son).


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

The same is true for women.


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

Jón Einarsson's daughter, Sigríður, her last name is not Einarsson, but Jónsdóttir denoting “daughter of Jón” (Jóns + dóttir).


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

In some cases, an individual's last name is derived from the parent's middle name and not from the first name.


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

For example, if Jón is the son of Hjálmar Arnar Vilhjálmsson, then his name can be either Jón Hjálmarsson (Jón, son of Hjálmar) or Jón Arnarsson (Jón, son of Arnar).


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

The reason for this is most likely if the parent prefers to be called by a middle name instead of a first name; this is quite common.


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

This is also most likely done because the parent's middle name better matches the child's first name.


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

In cases where two people in the same social circle have the same first name and the same paternal name, they are both traditionally distinguished by the name of the grandfather, for example Jón Þórsson Bjarnarsonar (Jón, son of Þór, son of Bjarni) and Jón Þórsson Hallssonar (Jón, son of Þór, son of Þór, son of Hallur).


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

This practice has now been rarely used (replaced by the use of middle names), but is common in Icelandic sagas.


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

Options using matronymic naming Most of Icelandic last names carry the father's name, but sometimes carry the mother's name: for example if the child or mother desires to end the relationship with his father.


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

Some women use matronymic naming as a social statement, whereas others use such naming out of desire.


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

In all such cases, the naming tradition is also the same as using the father's name: Ólafur, son of Bryndís, would have the full name Ólafur Bryndísarson (“son of Bryndís”).


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

One Icelandic who uses the matronymic name is football player Heiðar Helguson (“son of Helga “) and novelist Guðrún Eva Mínervudóttir (“daughter of Minerva”)..


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

One medieval figure whose matronymic naming system was the poet Eilífr Goðrúnarson (“son of Goðrún”).


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

In the Icelandic film Bjarnfreðarson, the character's name became ridicule for having the name from the mother — the son of Bjarnfreður — instead of the father's name.


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

In this film, there is a connection between her radical feminism and the shame of her father, which became the main plot of the film. [7]


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

Some people have matronymic and patronymic names: for example, Dagur Bergþóruson Eggertsson (“son of Bergþóra and Eggert”) who is the mayor of Reykjavik since 2014.


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

Another example is the girl Blær already mentioned above: her full name is Blær Bjarkardóttir Rúnarsdóttir (“daughter of Björk and Rúnar”).


Question: Who is one of the famous literators from Iceland?

Icelandic name

Category Reference:Icelandic Culture


Question: What are the number of UN member states?

Member states of the United Nations

ALIH List of member states of the United Nations Category:United Nations


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

For a kind of polymer, see silicone.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

The compounds formed are paramagnetic.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

This chemical element was discovered by Jöns Jakob Berzelius.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon is a metaloid element of tetravalence, it is less reactive than carbon (the proper nonmetallic element is above it on the periodic table, but it is more reactive than germanium, a metaloid that is exactly below it on the periodic table.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Controversy over the properties of silicon began since its discovery: silicon was first made in its pure form in 1824 under the name silisium (from the Latin word: silicis), with the suffix -ium meaning metal.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Nevertheless, in 1831, the name was changed to silicon because its physical properties were more similar to those of carbon and boron.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon is the eighth-most element in the universe in terms of its mass, but it is very rare to be found in its pure form in nature.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon is most widely distributed on dust, sand, planetoids, and planets in various forms such as silicon dioxide or silicates.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

More than 90% of Earth's crust is composed of silicate minerals, making silicon the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust (about 28% of the mass) after oxygen. [1]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon is often used to make optical fibers and in plastic surgery it is used to fill parts of the patient's body in the form of silicone.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon in mineral form is also known as kersik substance.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Most silicones are used commercially without being separated, sometimes with little processing from its compounds in nature.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

An example is the direct use of rocks, silica sand, and clay in the construction of buildings.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silica is also present in ceramics.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Many modern silicon compounds such as silicon carbide are used in the manufacture of high-power ceramics.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon is also used as a monomer in the manufacture of silicone synthetic polymers.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Elements of silicon also play a big role to the modern economy.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Although much silicon is used in steel refining processes, aluminum casting, and some other chemical industry processes, some silicon is also used as a semiconductor material in electronics.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Due to its large use on integrated circuits, the basis of the computer, then the continuity of modern technology depends on silicon.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon is also an essential element in biology, even though it only takes very small amounts of animals. [2]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Some types of living things that need it include porifera types and diatomaceous microorganisms.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicone is used to create their body structure.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

The Physical Characteristics of Silicon are solid at room temperature, with melting and boiling points of 1,400 and 2,800 degrees celsius, respectively. [3]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Interestingly, silicon has a greater density when in liquid form than in solid form.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

But like most other substances, silicon will not mix when in its solid phase, but only expand, just like ice which has a smaller density than water.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Because it has a high thermal conductivity (149 W·m−1·K−1), silicon conducts heat so that it is never used to insulate hot objects.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

In its crystal form, pure silicon is metallic gray.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Like germanium, silicon is rather strong but very brittle and easily peels off.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Like carbon and germanium, silicon crystallizes in a diamond cube crystal structure, with a lattice distance of 0.5430710nm (5.430710 Å). [4]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

The outermost electron orbital of silicon has 4 valence electrons.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

The atomic skin is 1s,2s,2p, and 3s are fully charged, while the 3p atomic skin is only filled 2 of its maximum number of 6.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon is semiconductor.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Chemical Silicon is a metaloid, ready to give or share its 4 outermost atoms, thus allowing many chemical bonds.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Although silicon is relatively inert like carbon, silicon can still react with halogens and dilute alkalis.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Most acids (except nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid) do not react with silicon.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon with 4 electrons of its valence has the possibility to merge with other chemical elements or compounds under appropriate conditions.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

The Silicon isotopes that exist in nature consist of 3 stable isotopes, namely silicon-28, silicon-29, and silicon-30, with silicon-28 being the most abundant (92% natural abundance). [5]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Out of these, only silicon-29 is of use in NMR and EPR spectroscopy. [6]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Twenty radioisotopes have been known, with silicon-32 as the most stable with a half-life of 170 years and silicon-31 with a half-life of 157.3 minutes. [5]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Other radioactive isotopes have half-lives of less than 7 seconds and most even less than 0.1 seconds. [5]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon has no nuclear isomer. [5]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Isotopes of silicon have mass numbers ranging from 22 to 44. [5]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

The most common decay form of 6 isotopes whose mass number is below the most stable isotope (silicon-28) is β+, primarily forming an isotope of aluminum (13 protons) as its decay product. [5]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

For 16 isotopes whose mass number is above 28, the most common decay form is β−, primarily forming isotopes of phosphorus (15 protons) as decay products. [5]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Existence If measured by its mass, silicon makes up 27.7% of the mass of the Earth's crust and is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust after oxygen. [7]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon is usually found in the form of complex silicate minerals, and more rarely in the form of silicon dioxide (silica, the main component in sand).


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Pure silicon crystals are very rare in nature.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicate minerals—a wide variety of minerals composed of silicon, oxygen, and various reactive metals—make up 90% of the mass of the Earth's crust.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

This is because the hot temperature in the process of forming the solar system, silicon and oxygen have a great affinity with each other, thus forming chemical compounds.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Since oxygen and silicon are the most non-gaseous and non-metallic elements in supernova debris, they form many complex silicates that then merge into the planetesimal rocks that form the earthy planets.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Here, the reduced silicate mineral mstrix captures metals that are reactive to oxidize (aluminum, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium).


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Once the gases escape, this silicate mixture then forms most of the Earth's crust.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Because these silicates are of low specific mass, steel, nickel, and other non-reactive metals enter the Earth's core, leaving magnesium and iron silicates in the upper layers.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Some examples of silicate minerals present in the Earth's crust include the pyroxene, amphibol, mica, and feldspar groups.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

These minerals are present in clay and some types of rocks such as granite and limestone.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silica is contained in minerals consisting of pure silicon dioxide with different crystalline shapes: quartz, ametical agate, rock crystal, chalcedony, flint, jasper, and opal.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

These crystals have the empirical formula of silicon dioxide, but do not consist of molecules of silicon dioxide.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silica is structurally similar to diamond, consisting ofthree-dimensional crystalline solids composed of silicon and oxygen.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Impure silica forms obsidian natural glass.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Biogenic silica exists in the structure of diatoms, radiolaria and siliceous sponge.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon is also a major component of meteorites, and is a component of tectite, a silicate mineral that may have originated on the moon.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

JMPL|160px|Ferrosilicon Mix|Ferrosilicon Mixture, a silicon-iron mixture consisting of silicon and iron elements with varying ratios, is the main product of the elemental silicon processing process, with a percentage of 80% of all world production.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

China is the world's largest supplier of silicon, totaling 4.6 million tons (or 2/3 of world production), mostly in the form of ferrosilicon.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Overtaken later by Russia (610,000 tons), Norway (330,000 tons), Brazil (240,000 tons), and the United States (170,000 tons). [8]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Ferrosilicon is most widely used by the steel industry.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Aluminum-silicon mixtures are most widely used in the aluminum casting industry, with silicon as the main single additive material to increase its cast strength.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Since cast aluminum is most widely used in the automotive industry, it is the largest single industrial use of “metallurgical grade” pure silicon. [9]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Metallurgical grade Silicon is not mixed with other elements in large quantities, usually more than 95% referred to as silicon metals.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

These silicon metals amount to 20% of the world's total silicon element production, with less than 1-2% of total silicon elements (5— 10% of metallurgical grade silicon) being refined again for use in semiconductors.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Metallurgical grade silicon is silicon made commercially by reacting silica with wood, charcoal, and coal on an electric fireplace using carbon electrodes.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

At a temperature of more than 1,900°C (3,450°F), carbon from these materials and silicon will undergo the chemical reaction SiO2 + 2 C → Si + 2 CO.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Liquid silicone is at the base of the furnace, which is then drained and cooled.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon produced through this process is called metallurgical grade silicon with a purity level of at least 98%.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

In this method, silicon carbide (SiC) can also form due to the presence of excess carbon by chemical reactions: SiO2 + C → SiO + CO or SiO + 2 C → SiC + CO.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Even so, if SiO2 concentrations are high, then silicon carbide can be eliminated by the chemical reaction of 2 SiC + SiO2 → 3 Si + 2 CO.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

As has been said above, silicon, metallurgical grade is used commonly in the aluminum casting industry to form aluminum-silicon mixtures.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

The rest, used by the chemical industry to form silica powder. [10]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Until September 2008, metallurgical grade silicon was priced at 1.45 US$ per pound ($3.20/kg), [11] up from $0.77 per pound ($1.70/kg) in 2005. [12]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Electronic quality The use of silicon for semiconductor equipment requires much higher purity than metallurgical grade silicon.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Very pure silicon (> 99.9%) can be extracted from silica solids or other silica compounds by electrolysis of molten salt. [13] [14] This method, known at least from 1854 [15] (see also Cambridge FFC process), has the potential to produce solar-grade silicon without emission carbon dioxide.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Solar-grade silicon cannot be used for semiconductors, as their level of purity must be very high.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon wafers used as integrated circuit raw materials should be purified to 99.9999999%, a process requiring high technology.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Most of the silicon crystals used for the production of electronic devices are obtained from the Czochralski process (CZ-Si) because this method is the cheapest method today and can produce large crystals, although they still contain impurities.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Early generation silicon purification techniques are based on the fact that when silicon is melted and recompacted, then the material that last solidifies is mostly an impurity.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

An early method for purifying silicon, first in 1919, was used to manufacture radar components during World War II, made by crushing metallurgical grade silicon and partially dissolving silicon powder on acid.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

When crushed, the impurities contained in the silicon accumulate in the outermost layer, so that if exposed to acid it will dissolve again and produce a purer silicone product.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

At one time, DuPont produced ultra-pure silicon by reacting silicon tetrachloride with zinc at 950°C, produced silicon via SiCl4 + 2 Zn → Si + 2 ZnCl2.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Even so, this technique has other problems, (for example a side product in the form of zinc chloride produced that clogs) that the Siemens process was eventually discovered.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

In the Siemens process, high-purity silicon atang is reacted with trichlorosilane at 1150°C.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Trichlorosilane gas is decomposed and and additional stored silicon and enlarges due to 2 HSicL3 → Si + 2 HCl + SiCl4.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

The silicon produced from this process is called Polycrystalline silicon.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

This silicon has an impurity rate of less than one ppb (parts per billion). [16] [17] [18] 2006 REC announced that they built a fluidized bed (FB) technology based plant using silane: 3 SiCl4 + Si + 2 H2 → 4 HSicL3, 4 HSicL3 → 3 SiCl4 + SiH4, SiH4 → Si 2 + H2. [19]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

The advantage of fluid bed technology process is that the process can take place continuously with more results than the Siemens process which is a batch process.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Today, silicon is purified by converting it into silicon compounds that are easier to purify by distillation than at its initial condition, and then re-converting those silicon compounds to pure silicon.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Trichlorosilana is a silicon compound commonly used as an intermediate, as well as silicon tetrachloride and silane.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

In addition, there is also the Schumacher process, which uses tribromosilana instead of trichlorosilane and fluid bed technology. [20]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Nevertheless, to date there have been no large manufacturers producing silicone by this process.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon compounds form binary compounds called silicides with many metallic elements that later produce compounds with diverse properties, for example magnesium silicide, Mg2Si which are highly reactive to heat-resistant compounds such as molybdenum disilicide, MoSi2. [21]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon carbide, SiC (carborundum) is a hard, heat-resistant solid.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silane, SiH4, is a firophoric gas with a tetrahedral structure similar to methane, CH4.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Pure compounds themselves do not react with water or weak acids, but if they react with alkali it will immediately occur hydrolysis. [22]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

There is a catenated silicon hydride group that forms compounds that are homologous, Si nH 2<i>n+2 with n ranges 2—8.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

All of these compounds are easily hydrolyzed and unstable, especially in high-tribe compounds. [23] [24] Disilena, a compound containing silicon-silicon (alkene-like) double bonds and is in general highly reactive, requires a large subtituent group to stabilize them. [25]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Disiluna, a compound with triplicate silicon-silicon was first obtained in 2004, although the compound is non-linear, the bond is not the same as the alkuna. [26]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

A tetrahalide, SiX4, is a compound that can be formed with all halogens. [27]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon tetrachloride, for example, can react with water, not the same as its homologue, carbon tetrachloride. [28]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon dihalides can be formed by high-temperature reactions between silicon and tetrahalides; with a structure similar to carbena such that these compounds are reactive compounds.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon difluoride is condensed to form polymeric compounds (SiF 2) n. [24]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon dioxide is a crystal-shaped heat-resistant solid; the most common mineral is quartz.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

In quartz minerals, each silicon atom is surrounded by four oxygen atoms that bridge other silicon atoms to form a three-dimensional lattice. [28]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silica can dissolve in water at high temperatures to form monosilicic acid compounds, Si (OH) 4. [29]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Under suitable conditions, monosilicic acid can be polymerized to form more complex silicic acids, crooning from the simplest condensing compound, disilicic acid (H6Si2O7) until a complex structure on which many silicate minerals are called polysilicic acid {Six (OH) 4—2x} n. [29 ]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Compound Applications Most silicon compounds are used in industry without being separated into their elements.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

More than 90% of Earth's crust is composed of silicate minerals that are compounds of silicon and oxygen.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Many of these minerals are used directly, such as clay, silica sand, and various types of rocks for buildings.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silica also became the main material of ceramic stone.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicate is used in the manufacture of Portland cement that is merged with silica sand and gravel to form concrete, the base of almost all modern industrial buildings today. [30]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Alloy metals Silicon elements are added to cast iron to ferrosilicon or silicocalcium to increase ability in thin sections and avoid cementite formation when exposed to outside air.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Ferrosilicon production in the steel industry is 80% of the world's total silicon usage.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

The characteristics of silicon itself can be used to modify metal alloys.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

The silicone mixture on cast alumnium forms a eutectic mixture that solidifies with very small thermal contraction.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon also increases the hardness of aluminum. [9]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon is an important component in electrical steel because it affects its resistivity and ferromagnetic.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Metallurgical grade silicone is silicone with 95-99% purity.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

About 55% of world grade metallurgical silicon consumption is for producing aluminum-silicon alloy metals for aluminum casting widely used for the automotive industry. [10]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

The rest is used by the chemical industry for the manufacture of fumed silica, silane, and silicone.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Electronics Since almost all silicon elements are produced as ferrosilicon metal alloys, only a small fraction (20%) are produced into metallurgical grade silicon (1.3—1.5 million metric tons/year).


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Silicon metals purified to semiconductor purity are estimated to be only 15% of metallurgical grade silicon production. [10]


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Even so, the economic value of this semiconductor silicon is very high.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Pure monocrystalline silicon is used to manufacture silicon wafers used in the semiconductor industry, electronics, and also photovoltaic devices.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

In charge conduction, pure silicon is an intrinsic semiconductor meaning it can conduct electron holes and electrons can be released from atoms through heating, hence increasing the electrical conductivity of silicon with high temperatures.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Pure silicon has too low a conductivity for use in electronic components.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

In practice, pure silicone is doped with other elements with small concentrations thereby drastically increasing its conductivity.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

This control of adding other elements is very important and is commonly applied in transistors, solar cells, semiconductor detectors and other semiconductor devices.


Question: where are Semiconductors found?

Silicone

Category Reference:Chemical elements


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Communication is “a process in which a person or several people, groups, organizations, and communities create, and use information in order to connect with the environment and others”. [1].


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

By and large, communication is done verbally or verbally which is understandable to both parties.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

If there is no verbal language that can be understood by both, communication can still be done using body movements, showing certain attitudes, such as smiling, shaking your head, shrugging.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Such a way is called communication with nonverbal language. [2]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Definition Communication is a process of delivering information (messages, ideas, ideas) from one party to another.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

In general, communication is done orally or verbally that can be understandable by both parties. If there is no verbal language that is understandable by both, communication can still be done using body gestures, indicating a certain attitude, such as smiling, shakes head, shrugs.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Such a way is called nonverbal communication.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

History of Communication or communicaton comes from Latin communis meaning 'same'. [3]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Communico, communicatio or communicare meaning to make equal (make to common). [3]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Simply a communique can occur when there is a similarity between the delivery of the message and the person receiving the message. [4]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Therefore, communication depends on our ability to understand one another (communication depends on our ability to understand one another). [5]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

At first, communication was used to express the needs of the organist. [6]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Chemical signals in early organisms are used for reproduction. [6]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Along with the evolution of life, primitive chemical signals used in communicating also evolved and opened up opportunities for more complicated behaviors such as mating dances in fish. [6].


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Humans communicate to divide knowledge and experience. [3]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Common forms of human communication include signaling language, speech, writing, movement, and broadcasting.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Communication can be interactive, transactive communication|transactive, purposeful communication|aiming, or aimless communication|aimless.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Through communication, the attitudes and feelings of a person or group of people can be understood by the other party.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

However, communication will only be effective when the message delivered can be interpreted equally by the recipient of the message.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Although communication has been studied for a long time and includes “antiquities”, this topic became important especially in the 20th century because the growth of communication was described as a “revolutionary invention”, this is due to the rapid improvement of communication technologies such as radio.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Television, telephone, satellite and commuter networks along with the industrialization of large business fields and worldwide politics.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Communication within the academy level may have had its own department where communication is divided into period communication, communication for emcees, publicists and others, but the subject will remain.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

The work in communication reflects the diversity of communication itself.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Components Communication components are things that must exist in order for communication to take place properly.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

According to Laswell the components of communication are: [7] The sender or communicator (sender) is the party who sends the message to the other party.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Message (message) is the content or intent to be conveyed by one party to another party.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Channel (channel) is a medium in which messages are conveyed to communications. in inter-personal communication (face-to-face) the channel can be air that streams tone/voice vibrations.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Recipient or communicate (receiver) is a party receiving a message from another party Feedback is the response of receiving a message to the content of the message conveyed by it.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

The rules agreed by the communicators on how the communication will be executed (“Protocol”) Process Summarily, the process of ongoing communication can be described as follows.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

The communicator (sender) who has the intention of communicating with others sends a message to the person in question.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

The message conveyed can be information in the form of language or passing symbols that both parties can understand.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Messages (messages) are delivered or carried through a medium or channel either directly or indirectly.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

For example, speaking directly by phone, mail, e-mail, or other media. media (channel) tool that becomes the delivery of messages from communicator to communicator.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

The communicant (receiver) receives the delivered message and translates the contents of the message it receives into a language understood by the communicant himself.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

The communicant (receiver) provides feedback or response to the message sent to him, whether he understands or understands the message referred to by the sender.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Communication models From the various existing communication models, here will be discussed the three main models, and will be discussed the underlying approach and how communication is conceptualized in its development. [4]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Linear communication model This communication model was put forward by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver in 1949 in the book The Mathematical of Communication. [7]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

They describe communication as a linear process because they are interested in radio and telephone technology and want to develop a model that can explain how information passes through various channels (channels).


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

The result is a conceptualization of linear communication (linear communication model). [2]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

This approach consists of several key elements: source (source), message (message) and receiver. [4]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

The linear model assumes that a person is simply the sender or receiver.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Of course this is a very narrow view of the participants in the communication process. [2]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

An important concept in this model is interference (noise), namely any additional and unwanted stimuli that can interfere with the scrupulousness of the message delivered.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

This interference is always present in the shared channel of a message received by the recipient. [7]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Interactional model The interactional model was developed by Wilbur Schramm in 1954 who emphasized the process of two-way communication among communicators. [4]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

In other words, communication takes place both ways: from the sender and to the receiver and from the receiver to the sender.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

This circular process shows that communication is always ongoing. [2]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

The participants of communication according to the interactional model are people who develop their human potential through social interaction, precisely through the role taking of others. [7]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

It is noteworthy that this model places the source and receiver in equal position. [8]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

One element that is important to the intercational model is feedback, or response to a message. [2]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Transactional model Transactional communication model was developed by Barnlund in 1970. [5]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

This model underscores the continual sending and receiving of messages in an episode of communication.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Transactional communication is a cooperative process: the sender and receiver are equally responsible for the impact and effectiveness of the communication that occurs. [2]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

The transactional model assumes that as we constantly transmit and receive messages, we deal both with verbal and nonverbal elements.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

In other words, communication participants (communicators) go through the process of negotiating meaning. [4]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Factors influencing Factors influencing communication include: Cultural background.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Interpretation of a message will be formed from one's mindset through his habits, so the more cultural background between communicators and communicators, the more effective communication. [9]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Group or group bonding The values embraced by a group greatly influence the way it observes the message. [9]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Expectation Hope affects message reception so that it can receive messages as expected. [9]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Education The higher education will be the more complex the point of view in addressing the content of the message conveyed. [9]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Situations Human behavior is affected by the environment/situation. [9]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Interaction with other fields of science Once people were easier to give definitions of science than they are now.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

In the past, the defenisi of science depended on the system of philosophy it proposes.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Now science acquires a free and independent position.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

The definition of science is no longer based on and seen from its philosophy, but based on what is implemented by the science, as well as its methodology. [8]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Speaking the position of Communication Science among other sciences, it will not be detached from the roots or cornerstones of Communication Science itself, where many noncommunication scientists contributed to the birth of Communication Science. [2]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Political expert Harold D. Lasswell.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Sociologists Max Weber, Daniel Lerner and Everett M. Rogers.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Psychologists Carl I. Hoveland and Paul Lazarsfeld.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Linguist Wilbur Schramm.


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

Shannon and Weaver are mathematicians. [8]


Question: What is the Direction of Organization Communications?

Communication

References


Question: When did the 1883 Krakatau Eruption end?

Plinian eruption

The Plinian eruption is a volcanic eruption characterized similar to the eruption from Mount Vesuvius 79 BC.


Question: When did the 1883 Krakatau Eruption end?

Plinian eruption

Plinian eruptions are characterized by bursts of volcanic gas and volcanic ash that spurt high up to the stratosphere, an extremely high layer of the atmosphere.


Question: When did the 1883 Krakatau Eruption end?

Plinian eruption

Its main characteristics are the emitting of large quantities of pumice and the eruption of very strong and long-lasting gas eruptions.


Question: When did the 1883 Krakatau Eruption end?

Plinian eruption

Short eruptions can end in less than a day, but long eruptions can reach several months.


Question: When did the 1883 Krakatau Eruption end?

Plinian eruption

Long eruptions originate from the formation of volcanic ash clouds, sometimes accompanied by pyroclastic flows.


Question: When did the 1883 Krakatau Eruption end?

Plinian eruption

The amount of magma ejected was so overwhelming that the top of the mountain might collapse, resulting in a caldera.


Question: When did the 1883 Krakatau Eruption end?

Plinian eruption

Fine ash can spread up to a very large area.


Question: When did the 1883 Krakatau Eruption end?

Plinian eruption

Plinian eruptions are often accompanied by loud eruptive sounds, such as those produced by the eruption of Mount Krakatau in 1883.


Question: When did the 1883 Krakatau Eruption end?

Plinian eruption

Some examples of Plinian eruptions that produced calderas include: 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in Luzon, Philippines; 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens; 1883 eruption of Mount Krakatau in Sunda Strait, Indonesia; 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora in Sumbawa, Indonesia; Mount Tarumae [1] of 1667 and 1739 in Japan; The eruption of Mount Vesuvius 79 BC, which became a reference to the Plinian eruption.


Question: When did the 1883 Krakatau Eruption end?

Plinian eruption

The resulting lava is typically rhyolitic and silicate-rich.


Question: When did the 1883 Krakatau Eruption end?

Plinian eruption

Basaltic lava is rarely present in Plinian eruptions, for example in the eruption of Mount Tarawera.


Question: When did the 1883 Krakatau Eruption end?

Plinian eruption

See also Volcanoes Volcanoes Outside Category:Types of volcanic eruptions


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand (in Maori called Aotearoa (meaning Long White Cloudy Land); English: New Zealand, Latin: Nova Zeelandia) is an island nation in the southwest of the Pacific Ocean; roughly 1,500 kilometres southeast of Australia, across the Tasman Sea; and roughly 1,000 kilometres south of the Pacific island countries, namely New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The country consists of two large islands (North Island and South Island) and several other smaller islands.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Due to its distant location, New Zealand is the last archipelago inhabited by humans.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

During its long isolated period, in New Zealand has developed a different biodiversity, whether it is plants or animals.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The most famous are a large number of unique bird species, many of which became extinct after the arrival of humans, and mammals that bore aserta.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

With a temperate nautical climate, mainland New Zealand is mostly covered with forest.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The country's varied topography, and its sharp mountain peaks are strongly influenced by land tectonic bulges, and volcanic eruptions caused by the collision of the Pacific plate and the Indo-Australian plate beneath the Earth's surface.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The Polynesians inhabited New Zealand in 1250—1300 AD, and built a distinct Māori culture, and Europeans began pioneering relations with them in 1642 AD.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The introduction of the potato and the springing rifle had provoked upheaval among fellow Māori Tribes in the early 19th century, leading to intertribal Rifle Warfare.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In 1840 Britain, and the Māori signed the Treaty of Waitangi which made New Zealand a colony of the British Imperium.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The number of immigrants rose sharply, and various conflicts led to the Warfare of New Zealand, which resulted in the abolition of Māori lands in the middle of the North Island.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Economic malaise was followed by several periods of political reform, with the granting of voting rights to women in the 1890s decade, and a welfare state developed from the decade of the 1930s. After World War II, New Zealand incorporated Australia, and the United States in the ANZUS security treaty, although the United States, until 2010, froze that treaty after New Zealand banned nuclear weaponry.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand is part of intelligence cooperation among English-speaking countries, the UKUSA Agreement.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealanders enjoyed one of the highest living standards in the world in the 1950s decade, but suffered a deep fall in the 1970s decade, exacerbated by the oil crisis and Great Britain's entry into the European Economic Community.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The country then underwent major economic changes in the decade of the 1980s, which transformed it from a protectionistic economy to a liberal free-trade economy.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The market for the export of New Zealand agricultural products has been widely diversified since the decade of the 1970s, with the once dominating wool exports replaced by livestock products, meat, and wine.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The majority of New Zealand's population are descendants of peoples from Europe; indigenous Māori are the largest minority, followed by Asians, and non-Māori Polynesians.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

English, Māori Language, and New Zealand Sign Language are the official languages, with English predominating.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Much of New Zealand's culture is descended from Māori, and early settlers of British-origin.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Early European art was dominated by natural scenery, as well as more minimally centered Māori portraits.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

A new revival of Māori culture has led to their traditional arts in the form of engraving/sculpting, weaving/weaving art, and rajah art becoming more forthcoming.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Many artists now blend Māori, and Western techniques to produce a unique art form.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The country's culture has also expanded through globalization, and has raised immigration figures from the Pacific Islands, and Asia.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand's variegated natural courtyards provide plenty of opportunities for connoisseurs of the outdoors, and have provided the backdrop for a number of big-cost films.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand is a parliamentary democratic country and a territory of the Commonwealth of Great Britain (Commonwealth Realm).


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand is divided into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local administration purposes; this system has a lower degree of autonomy than the defunct provincial system.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Nationally, executive political power is run by the cabinet, which is headed by the prime minister.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state and because of her absence the queen is represented by the governor-general.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The New Zealand realm belonging to the queen is encompassing also Tokelau (an area of dependencies); the Cook Islands and Niue (commanding itself but in free association); and the Ross Dependencies, which are claims of territory in Antarctica.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand is a member of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation, Commonwealth Countries, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Pacific Islands Forum, and the United Nations.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The etymology of Aotearoa (often translated as “long white cloudy land”) [1] is the Māori name for New Zealand, and is also used in New Zealand English.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

It is not known whether Māori had a name for all areas of this country before the arrival of Europeans, it is clear that at first Aotearoa referred only to the North Island. [2]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Abel Tasman saw New Zealand in 1642, and called it Staten Landt, with the presumption that the region was connected to the similarly named large landmass at the southern tip of South America. [3]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In 1645 Dutch cartographers changed its name to Nova Zeelandia, taken from the name of one of the Dutch provinces, Zeeland. [4] [5] British explorer James Cook later exalted the name to “New Zealand”, or New Zealand in Indonesian. [n 1] Māori have several traditional names for two major islands, including Te Ika-a-Māui (Māui fish) for the North Island, and Te Wai Pounamu (greenstone waters) or Te Waka o Aoraki (Aoraki canoe) for the South Island. [6]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Early maps of Europe named the islands North (North Island), Middle (South Island), and South (Stewart Island/Rakiura). [7]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Maps from 1830 began to use North, and South to distinguish the two largest islands, and starting in 1907 this mention began to become a widely accepted rule. [8]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The New Zealand Geographical Agency in 2009 found that the names of the North Island, and the South Island were never formalised, but now planning in that direction is beginning to be carried out. [9]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The agency is also mindful of the corresponding Māori names, [10] with Te Ika-a-Māui and Te Wai Pounamu as the two most likely options according to the head of the Māori Language Commission. [11]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The history of New Zealand is one of the last major landmass settled by humans.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Radiocarbon dating, evidence from deforestation [13] and mitochondrial DNA diversity within Māori populations [14] suspect New Zealand was first inhabited by Eastern Polynesians between the years 1250 to 1300, [6] [15] concluding a series of long journeys through the south Pacific islands . [16]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Over the later centuries these settlers developed a distinct culture known as Māori.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The population split in two into iwi (tribes) and hapū (sub-tribes) that would cooperate, compete, and sometimes battle each other.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

At some periods, a group of Māori migrated to the Chatham Islands (which they called Rēkohu), where they developed a distinct Moriori culture. [17] [18] The Moriori population was drastically reduced between 1835 to 1862, mainly due to assault, and enslavement by Māori, although the diseases that the Europeans also took part.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In 1862 only 101 souls survived, and the last known bloody Moriori fully died in 1933. [19]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The first European known to reach New Zealand was the Dutch explorer, Abel Tasman and his crewmen in 1642. [20]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In a stressful encounter, four crewmen were killed, and at least a Māori was struck by a canister shot. [21]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Europeans did not visit New Zealand again until 1769 when the British explorer, James Cook, charted almost all of his pessies. [20]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

After Cook, New Zealand was visited by several whalers, seals hunters, and European, and North American merchant ships.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

They sold food, metal utensils, weaponry, and other items to acquire rosin, artifacts, water, and sex services. [22]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Potatoes and the springing gun introduced had transformed agriculture, and Māori warfare.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Potatoes provide a reliable surplus of food, which allows for longer, and sustainable, military campaigns. [23]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Inter-tribal rifle warfare had reached 600 battles between 1801 to 1840, and had killed 30,000—40,000 Māori. [24]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

From the early 19th century, Christian missionaries began to settle in New Zealand, and succeeded in changing the beliefs of much of the Māori population. [25]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The Māori population dwindled to 40percent of the state before encounters with Europeans in the 19th century; diseases carried by Europeans have been a major factor. [26]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The Government of Great Britain appointed James Busby as British Resident for New Zealand in 1832 [27] and in 1835, following the announcement of plans for French settlement by Charles de Thierry, the Guild of Tribes in New Zealand vaguely sent the Declaration of Independence New Zealand to King William IV of the United Kingdom to ask for protection. [27]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The unrest broke out, and the doubtful legal standing of the Declaration of Independence had prompted the Colonial Ministry to send Captain William Hobson to establish sovereignty for the British Crown, and negotiate a treaty with the Māori. [28]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The Treaty of Waitangi was first signed in the Bay of Islands on February 6, 1840. [29]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In response to attempts by the commercially running New Zealand Company to establish self-sustaining settlements in Wellington [30] and the French settlers who “purchased” land at Akaroa, [31] Hobson declared British sovereignty over all New Zealand territories on 21 May 1840, although copies of the Treaty are still in circulation. [32]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

With the signing of the Treaty, and the declatation of sovereignty, the number of immigrants, especially from the United Kingdom, began to increase. [33]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand, originally part of the colony of New South Wales, became a separate crown colony in 1841. [34]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The colony gained representative government in 1852 and the First Parliament in 1854. [35]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

By 1856 the colony was effectively self-commanding, shouldering responsibility for all domestic affairs apart from native policy.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

(Control of the original policy was granted in the mid-decade 1860s.) [35] After noticing that the South Island may be forming a separate colony, prime minister Alfred Domett issued a resolution to move the capital from Auckland to a locality near Cook Strait. [36]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Wellington was chosen on consideration of its harbour, and its centrally located location, with parliament formally segregated there for the first time in 1865.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

As the number of immigrants grew, conflicts over land had sparked the New Zealand Wars in the decades of the 1860s, and 1870s, which led to the alternation of much of Māori land ownership. [37]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In 1893 the country became the first in the world to grant all women the right to vote [38] and in 1894 pioneered the adoption of compulsory disputes between laborers and the uni. [39]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In 1907, at the request of the New Zealand Parliament, King Edward VII proclaimed New Zealand a dominion in the environs of the British Imperium, reflecting its status as a self-governing political unit.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In 1947 the country adopted the Statute of Westminster, which confirmed that the Parliament of the United Kingdom could no longer draft legislation for New Zealand without New Zealand's consent. [35]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand was involved in world affairs, fought together with the British Imperium in World War I and World War II [40] and suffered throughout the Great Depression. [41]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

This depression was the cause for the election of the first labour government and the establishment of a thorough welfare state, and a protectionist economy. [42]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealanders experienced improved well-being after World War II [43] and Māori began to abandon their traditional rural lives, and move to cities for employment. [44]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

A Māori protest movement broke, which criticised Erocentrism and fought for greater recognition of Māori culture and the Treaty of Waitangi. [45]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In 1975, a Waitangi Tribunal was established to investigate alleged violations of the Treaty of Waitangi, and this tribunal was allowed to investigate historical complaints in 1985. [29]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The government has negotiated various indemnities, and these objections with many iwi, although Māori keeping over the waterfront, and seabed proved controversial in the 2000s decade. New Zealand Government Politics is a constitutional monarchy with parliamentary democracy, [46] although its constitution is not written. [47]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state who is given the title Queen of New Zealand. [48]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The Queen is represented by a Governor General, [49] who is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister. [50]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The Governor General may exercise the prerogatives of the crown (such as reviewing cases of injustice, and elevating the Council of Ministers (cabinet), ambassadors, and other important public officials) [51] and in rare situations, reserve powers (power to dismiss the Prime Minister, dissolving Parliament, or refusing Royal Assent of a draft law into law). [52]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The powers of the Queen, and the Governor General are limited by constitutional rigidity, and they cannot normally be exercised without the counsel of the Cabinet. [52] [53] The Parliament of New Zealand holds legislative power and consists of the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the House of Representatives People. [53]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Parliament also once included an upper house, the Legislative Council, until this council was abolished in 1950. [53]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The highest position of Parliament is in the Sovereign, and is in England according to the Bill of Rights 1689 and has been ratified as law in New Zealand. [53]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The House of Representatives is democratically elected, and the Government is formed from parties or coalitions that control a majority of seats in the council. [53]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

If no majority is formed, then a minority government can be formed if the support of the other parties at the time of a vote of confidence and willingness is assured.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The Governor General appoints ministers under the advice of the Prime Minister, who by convention is the parliamentary leader of the governing coalition or party. [54]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The Cabinet, composed of ministers, and headed by the Prime Minister, is the highest policy-making body within the government, and is responsible for determining significant government actions. [55]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Under the convention, the members of the cabinet are bound by collective responsibility for all decisions made by the cabinet. [56]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Judges, and judicial officials were appointed non-politically, and under strict rules concerned tenure to help maintain its constitutional-independence from government. [47]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Theoretically, this circumstance allows the judiciary to interpret laws based solely on legislation enacted by Parliament without any other influence upon making decisions. [57]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The Advisory Board in London was the apex appeal court of the country until 2004, when it was replaced by the Supreme Court of New Zealand.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The judiciary, headed by a Supreme Court Justice, [58] includes the Court of Appeal, the High Court, and its subordinate courts. [47] JMPL|ka|The New Zealand Government's “Beehive” building and Parliament House (right), in Wellington Almost all parliamentary general elections between 1853 until 1853 until 1996 was held under the first past the post voting system (the holder of the most votes was the one who became the winner). [59]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

General elections since 1930 have been dominated by two political parties, the National Party and the Labour Party. [59]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Since 1996, a form of proportional representation called mixed proportional representation (MMP) has been used. [47]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Under the MMP system everyone has two votes; one for 70 constituency seats (including 7 reserved for Māori), [60] and another for parties.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The remaining fifty seats are designated so that representation in parliament reflects the party vote, although a party must win one constituency seat or 5percent of the party's overall vote before that party is eligible for this seat. [61]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Between March 2005, and August 2006 New Zealand became the only country in the world where all of its highest positions (Head of State, Governor General, Prime Minister, Speaker of the House and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court) were all held by women. [62]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand is known as one of the most stable, and very well ruled countries in the world. [63]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In 2011, the country ranked 5th in terms of strength of its democratic institutions [64] and ranked first in terms of transparency of government, and least corrupt. [65]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand has high citizen turnout, with 79% of voting owners taking part in the most recent general election, compared to the OECD average of 72%.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Furthermore, 67% of New Zealanders said they believed in their political institutions, much higher than the OECD average of 56%. [66]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand's military and international relations in the early colonial period allowed the British Government to determine international trade, and be responsible for foreign policy. [67]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The Imperial Conferences of 1923, and 1926 decided that New Zealand should be allowed to legislate its political treaties, in which a trade treaty with Japan in 1928 became its first success.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Despite this independence, New Zealand sincerely followed Britain in its declaration of war on Germany on 3 September 1939, which was reinforced by Prime Minister Michael Savage's statement, “Where it (Britain) goes, we follow it; where it (Britain) stands, there we stood up. “[68]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In 1951 the United Kingdom increasingly focused on its interests in Europe, [69] in the meantime New Zealand joined Australia and the United States in the ANZUS security treaty. [70]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The United States' influence on New Zealand weakened after a series of protests regarding the Vietnam War, [71] the United States' refusal to rebuke France after the sinking of the Rainbow Warrior ship, [72] disapproval of environmental, and agricultural issues, and nuclear-free zone policies New Zealand. [73] [74] Although the United States suspended its obligations to ANZUS, the treaty is still influential for New Zealand, and Australia, whose foreign policy follows similar historical trends. [75]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

A close political relationship is still maintained by the two countries, with a free trade agreement (Closer Economic Relations) and visitation regulations allowing citizens of both countries to visit, settle, and work in Australia or New Zealand without restrictions. [76]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Now more than 500,000 New Zealanders are settled in Australia, and conversely 65,000 Australians are settled in New Zealand. [76]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand has a strong tenacity among the countries of the Pacific Islands.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

A large proportion of aid from New Zealand flows to these countries, and many Pacific people migrate to New Zealand for employment. [77]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Permanent migration is regulated in the Samoa Quota Scheme of 1970 and the Pacific Access Category of 2002, allowing up to 1,100 Samoan people, and up to 750 other Pacific Islanders who may become permanent citizens of New Zealand each year.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

A seasonal worker scheme for temporary migration had been introduced in 2007, and in 2009 roughly 8,000 Pacific Islanders worked under this regulation. [78]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand is involved in the Pacific Islands Forum, APEC, and the ASEAN Regional Forum (including the East Asia High Level Conference). [76]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand is also a member of the United Nations, [79] Commonwealth States, [80] OECD [81], and Five Powers Defence Arrangements. [82]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The New Zealand Defence Army has three branches: the New Zealand Navy, the New Zealand Army, and the New Zealand Air Force. [83]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The purpose of New Zealand's national defence is simple, because it is less likely to be attacked directly, [84] even though New Zealand has global integrity.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The country participated in two world wars, with notable campaigns at Gallipoli, Crete, [85] El Alamein [86], and Cassino. [87]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The Gallipoli campaign played an important chapter in nurturing New Zealand's national identity [88] [89] and strengthening the ANZAC tradition with Australia. [90]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

According to Mary Edmond-Paul, “World War I has left scars on New Zealand society, with nearly 18,500 lives killed as a result of the war, more than 41,000 wounded, and others subjected to emotional shocks, beyond combat troops stationed across the ocean as many as 103,000, while the overall population is only a million inhabitants or slightly more than that. “[91]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand also played a key role in the Battle of the River Plate [92] and the air campaign in the Battle of Britain. [93] [94] During World War II, the United States had over 400,000 military personnel stationed in New Zealand. [95]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In addition to the Vietnam War, and the two world wars, New Zealand also fought in the Korean War, the Second Boer War, [96] the Malaya Emergency, [97] the Gulf War and the Afghan War.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand also plays a role in several regional, and global, peacekeeping missions, such as in Cyprus, Somalia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Sinai, Angola, Cambodia, the Iran—Iraq border, Bougainville, East Timor, and the Solomon Islands. [98]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand also dispatched a unit of army engineers to help rebuild Iraq's infrastructure for a year on the Iraq War.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand ranked 8th in the Centre for Global Development's 2011 Commitment to Development Index, which ranks the world's most developed countries in its dedication to policies that benefit poor countries. [99]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand was seen as the second most peaceful country in the world according to the Global Peacekeeping Index in 2012. [100]