Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel's national Holocaust Museum, Yad Vashem, houses the largest archives of information about the Holocaust in the world. [234]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Beth Hatefutsoth (Diaspora Museum) located on the campus of Tel Aviv University is an interactive museum containing historical collections of Jewish communities around the world. [235]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

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Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

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Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

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Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

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Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. , official website of BBC News General reference from Encyclopædia Britannica, source from the University of Colombia in the Jewish Virtual Library (1988) of the State Review of Congress Library at Curlie at UCB Libraries GovPubs Wikimedia Atlas of Israel Category:Jews


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Doraemon is the title of a very popular manga and anime that Fujiko F. Fujio (子・F・) is the title of a popular manga and anime that Fujiko F. Fujio () is the title of a very popular manga and anime that Fujiko F. Fujio ( Doraemon who came from the 22nd century.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Doraemon is sent to help Nobita so that Nobita's descendants can enjoy his success rather than having to suffer from the financial debt that would incur in the future caused due to Nobita's folly.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Doraemon's comic series was first published in December 1969 in six different magazines.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

A total of 1,345 stories were created in the original series, published by Shogakukan in the auspices of the comic brand Tentōmushi (), which was expanded to forty-five volumes.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

The volumes are collected at the Takaoka Central Library in Toyama, Japan, where Fujiko Fujio was born.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Turner Broadcasting System purchased the rights to the Doraemon anime series in the mid-1980s for an English-language version in the United States [1], but cancelled it without explanation before airing any episodes.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

In July 2013 Voyager Japan announced the manga would be released digitally in English through Amazon's Kindle e-book service.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

It is one of the best-selling comics in the world, having sold over 100 million copies.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Doraemon's storyline is sent back to the time of Nobita's life by Nobita's great-grandson, Sewashi.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

He is sent to improve Nobita's life so that his descendants feel a better life.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

In his real life without Doraemon's help, Nobita often failed his school lessons, failed at work, and had financial problems.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

The story focuses on the daily life of Nobita who is the main character in this story.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Doraemon possesses a magic sac containing magical tools from the future.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Often Nobita comes whining about problems at school or in his neighborhood, after pleading or forcing, Doraemon will pull out a tool that helps Nobita solve problems, get revenge, or just show off to his friends.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Nobita usually acts too far, scrutinizing Doraemon's suggestions or orders.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Eventually, Nobita was plunged into deeper trouble.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Occasionally, Nobita's friend (usually Suneo or Gian) steals the tool and ends up in chaos for misappropriating it.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

History In December 1969, the manga Doraemon was published continuously in 6 titles of children's monthly magazines.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

The magazines are Yoiko magazine (good boy), Yōchien (kindergarten), Shogaku Ichinensei (grade 1 elementary), and Shogaku Yonnensei (4th grade elementary).


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Since 1973, Shogaku Gogensei magazine (5th grade elementary school) and Shogaku Rokunensei (grade 6 elementary school).


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

The stories contained in those magazines vary, which means the author of this story has to write more than 6 stories each month.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

In 1979, CoroCoro Comic was released as Doraemon magazine.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Since it first appeared in 1969, Doraemon's stories have been collected and divided into 45 published books from 1974 to 1996, and had sold over 80 million books by 1992.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

In 2005, Shōgakukan published an additional series of 5 volumes under the title Doraemon+ (Doraemon Plus), with different stories from the original 45 volumes.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

End of story Since the 1980s, many have sprung up stories and speculations about the end of the Doraemon saga.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

All these possibilities were discussed and decided there was no end to the story of Doraemon. [2]


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

End of the first story The most optimistic story was published by Nobuo Sato.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

It is told that Nobita comes home and whines snitches to Doraemon.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Shortly thereafter, he realizes something is wrong with Doraemon.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

His beloved robot just shut up and didn't answer his complaints.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

He also called Dorami immediately, and asked her for a clue.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Dorami then informs that the battery belonging to Doraemon is discharged.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Dorami explained that older versions of cat robots like Doraemon are supposed to have backup “memory support” batteries in parts of the ears.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Because Doraemon has lost his ear, he has no spare power to store his memory and memory.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

The only way to revive Doraemon is to change his battery, however that means Doraemon will lose his entire memory of himself and his comrades.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

At the same time, the police-time created new rules and forbade the existence of “time travel” and blocked Nobita trying to bring Doraemon to be repaired in the future.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Dorami then gives the choice of recklessly breaking through the police-time, fixing Doraemon on the future and erasing his memory, or waiting for someone from the future to come and fix Doraemon.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Nobita voted the second way.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Nobita who feels very much at Doraemon's loss, then promises to study hard for Doraemon's sake.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Nobita's venture was successful, three years later Nobita graduated high school with the best grades and became someone very popular in his school.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Despite this, Nobita's uncharacteristic nature is lost, he becomes an ever-aloof nerd. 29 years later, it is told that Dekisugi became president of Japan, having a reunion with Suneo and Gian.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

The three discuss issues about Doraemon's disappearance and about the time paradox, a theory that explains that the history of the world can change with the creation of a time machine.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

From this conversation was revealed the reason the time patrol did not give Nobita permission to repair Doraemon in the future, because it was Nobita himself who created Doraemon.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

After being repaired, Doraemon became ear and yellow, hugged with Doraemon tightly.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

And they live happily ever after. [3] [4] The end of the second story The more pessimistic ending proposes that Nobita has autism and all the existing characters are simply fictional characters in his imagination.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

The idea that an ailing and dying Nobita imagined all the series in his bed to help him relieve his depression and pain angered many fans.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Many fans in Japan protested outside the publisher's main office after learning about this.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

The publisher eventually issued a statement to the public that this was not true.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

End of third story The end of the third version tells that Nobita fell and his head hit a rock, thus falling into a coma.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

To get the operation money to keep Nobita to survive, Doraemon sells his entire equipment in his magic pouch.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Unfortunately, the operation failed.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Doraemon sold all his equipment except one tool which he used to allow Nobita to go wherever he wanted.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

In the end, Nobita wants to go to heaven.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

There are three official endings to the story of Doraemon.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

In March 1971, Shogaku 4-nensei magazine preached due to the fact that visitors from the future caused problems, the government in the 22nd century banned the existence of time travel, meaning Doraemon had to return to his time in his day and leave Nobita.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

In March 1972, the contents of Shogaku 4-nensei magazine revealed Doraemon's story, for some reason had to go back to the future and lie for mechanical problems so Nobita allowed him to leave.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Nobita trusts him and promises to wait until Doraemon is cured.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Realizing that Nobita can give up his departure, Doraemon tells the truth and Nobita accepts him.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Doraemon goes back to the future.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

The ending of the third Doraemon was the official end due to the low TV rating and Fujiko Fujio was busy with other work, but Doraemon did not leave their minds and recast for the next month's issue.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

In 1981, the tale was made into an anime (called “Doraemon Comes Back”) whose anime was released in 1998.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

In March 1973, the contents of Shogaku 4-nensei magazine told as usual, Nobita was again stitched Gian.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Gian chases Nobita all the way to the front of Nobita's house.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Eventually Nobita enters the house and Gian threatens to retaliate against him.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Nobita asks for a device for a fight, but Doraemon rejects him.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Nobita is puzzled and asks why Doraemon is like this.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Doraemon explains that he is going home to the future.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Nobita is shocked and tries to prevent him but his father and mother ask him to release Doraemon.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

In the afternoon, Nobita's parents throw a farewell party with Doraemon.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Nobita looked glum looking at it.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

At night Doraemon and Nobita tried to sleep, but they couldn't sleep.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Doraemon and Nobita cover the walk in the park for the last time.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Doraemon sifted a few things, until he finally cried and left Nobita.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Doraemon cries moved to see Nobita mention that Doraemon can go home.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Finally, Nobita went to bed, and Doraemon returned to the future.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Finally Nobita gave up the passage of Doraemon (this part can be found at the end of Doraemon volume 6).


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Doraemon Back On animated version is similar but longer.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

At first Nobita was moody in his room.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

He was called Suneo, by the time he came out of the house he did not know that today was April Fool's day.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Nobita initially tricked Suneo, that he had found tsuchinoko, but he was instead bitten by a dog.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Nobita is then tricked by Gian about Doraemon's return.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

He happily goes home and asks his mother where Doraemon is, and it turns out he was tricked.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Nobita is sad and opens the box from Doraemon.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

The contents are bottles filled with liquid.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

He listened to Doraemon's voice explaining that the liquid was Uso 800 (Liar 800) which was used so that all the untrue things spoken by the person who drank the liquid became the right thing.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Nobita used it to deceive Gian and Suneo, he said the weather today was very good, which became a lie and began to rain heavily before he said today it was raining heavily and the rain stopped.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Gian and Suneo are scared after a few tricks when Nobita says what will happen, all the lies that Nobita utters become the right thing.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Nobita was overjoyed at first, but soon lost because he missed Doraemon.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

He came home, and his mother said Doraemon was home.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

He is unsure and sure Doraemon will never return, as Doraemon told Nobita before he left.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

The liquid still works, when he reaches his room he finds Doraemon.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

They were ecstatic, but because of the influence of the liquid, all his words changed to, “I'm so unhappy that we can get back together.”


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

This extra part of the animation comes from Doraemon's manga book volume seven.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

However both cannot be considered as the end of Doraemon, as they are still continued into the next volumes.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

When the Fujiko Fujio duo split up in 1987, the idea of an unofficial end of Doraemon was never discussed.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Since Fujiko F. died in 1996 before an agreement was reached, the end of Doraemon is the fiction of the fans, but on some of the tales when Nobita time-travels displays finally he marries Shizuka, leading to a happy and separated life from Doraemon, Even though Nobita and his friend still remember him. [5]


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Doraemon Equipment The main article for this section is: Doraemon in Indonesia Doraemon is one of the most popular manga characters in Indonesia.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

His animenya was broadcast by RCTI since November 13, 1988 until now and was relayed by SCTV Surabaya from 1990 to 1993.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

His manganya has been published by Elex Media Komputindo in several series: Doraemon Magic Equipment Series Doraemon Doraemon Special Story Adventure Doraemon Expedition Series Doraemon Learning to Count alongside Doraemon Dorabase The Doraemons Doraemon Comic Quiz Doraemon in the form of the anime Doraemon ( 1973 anime series) The first TV series on Doraemon created by Fujiko F. Fujio and Tokyo Movie Shinsa.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

The series, consisting of 26 episodes, was co-produced by Nippon Television, and was broadcast in Japan from April 1, 1973 to September 30, 1973.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Music Opening song Doraemon (ドラ) by Harumi Naito Closing song Doraemon Rumba (クラ) by Harumi Naito Cover song Doraemon () by Harumi Naito Cover song Doraemon (1973): Kosei Tomita)/Suneo: Kaneta Kimotsuki Shizuka (1973): Masako Ebisu Suneo (1973): Shun Yashiro Ken/Tooru: Chiaki Morita His father Nobita (1973): Ichiro Murakoshi Gachako (1973): Junko Hori Akachan/Chinchao/Roboka/Shounen: Junko Shimakata Perman: Katsue Miwa His mother Gian: Kazuyo Aoki Sewashi (1973) Keiko Yamamoto Dorami: Keiko Yokozawa Yamada-kun: Kyoko Yamada Botako (1973): Masako Nozawa Papa: Masayuki Kato His mother Nobita (1973): Noriko Ohara Debuko (1973): Noriko Tsukase Pak Master (1973, first): Osamu Kato Pak Master (1973, second): Masashi Amenomori Jamako (1973): Rihoshiko Yoshida Desugi Iko Shirakawa Papa: Yuzuru Fujimoto Doraemon ( 1979 anime series) The second TV series on Doraemon created by Fujiko F. Fujio and Shin'ei Doga.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

The series is a TV Asahi airing in Japan starting on April 8, 1979.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

There are two depictions from this era of animation, namely: Early version, the picture is still a bit rough.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

The second version, in which the picture is already smoothed.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

In Indonesia, the series aired from 1988 to the late 2000s. Music Opening song Song in Doraemon (クラ( Weekly Program OP #2) by Satoko Yamano Songs in #1 #1 #2 Doraemon (third) by Tokyo Purin Songs in Doraemon (4th) by Misato Watanabe Songs in Doraemon (5th) by AJI Songs in Doraemon (6th) by Twelve Girls Band Hug Shichao () by Rimi Natsukawa Yume wo Kanaete Doraemon ()) Extra cover) by Nobuyo Oyama Aoi Sora wa Pocket sa (青い) by Kumiko Osugi Doraemon Ondo (クラYokozawa Maru Gao no uta (の) by Nobuyo Oyama Santa Claus wa doko no hito (コンタクロースの) by Nobuyo Oyama Bokutachi Chikyuu-Jin () by Mitsuko Horie Aozoratteiina (青) by Mitsuko Horie Ashita mo tomodachi () by Nishiui Waki Boku Doraemon 2112 (ドラ) by YUZU Tanpopo no Uta (タンかの) by THE ALFEE YUME Biyori (YUME 日和) by Hitomi Shimatani Aa Iina!


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

(いいい!) by W (Double You) Odore Dore Dora Doraemon Ondo (・・ドララ) by Wasabi Mizuta and Morinoki Jidou Gasshoudan Voicing Nobita (second: 2005-04-15): Megumi Ohara Doraemon (first): Nobuyo Oyama Nobita (first) Ohara Doraemon (second: 2005-04-15): Wasabi Mizuta Suneo (first): Kaneta Kimotsuki Gian (first): Kazuya Tatekabe Dorami (first): Keiko Yokozawa His mother Nobita (second: 2005-04-15): Kotono Mitsuishi His father Nobita (first): Masayuki Kato Shizuka (first): Michiko Nomura His mother Nobita (first): Sachiko Chijimatsu Gian (second) 5-04-15): Subaru Kimura Suneo ( Second: 2005-04-15): Tomokazu Seki His father Nobita (third: 2005-04-15): Yasunori Matsumoto His father Nobita (second): Yosuke Naka Shizuka (second: 2005-04-15): Yumi Kakazu His mother Shizuka (third: 2005-04-15): Ai Orikasa His grandmother Nobita (second) Akiko Takamura Her Grandmother Nobita (first): Atsuko Mine Company President (first): Banjo Ginga Mini Dora (first): Chie Kitagawa His father Gian (third): Daisuke Gori His father Suneo (second): Hideyuki Tanaka Sune-kichi (first): Issei Futamata Kaminari-san (third: 2005): Katsuhisa Hockey Master Nobita (second): Kazuhiko Inoue His mother (first) - Jaiko (first): ahmad akbar megantarai Toraemon: Keiko Yamamoto His mother Shizuka (first): Keiko Yokozawa Funyakofunyao (4th): Kenichi Ogata Mii-chan (6th): Kumiko Watanabe His mother Suneo (second): Mari Yokoo Company President (second): Masaharu Sato His mother Shizuka (second): Masaharu Sato His mother Shizuka (second): Masaharu Sato His mother Shizuka (second): Masaharu Sato His mother Shizuka (second): MasAko Matsubara His Mother Suneo ( Third: 2005): Minami Takayama Funyakofunyao (third): Minoru Yada His mother Gian (second: 2005-04-29): Miyako Takeuchi Mii-chan (8th): Motoko Kumai Mini Dora (second): Rei Sakuma Pak Master (first): Ritsuo Sawa Pak Master (third): Ryoichi Tanaka Sewashi (second) 2005): Sachi Matsumoto Dekisugi (second: 2005-05-27): Shihoko Hagino Kaminari-san (first): Shingo Kanemoto Dekisugi (first): Sumiko Shirakawa Kaminari-san (second): Takeshi Watanabe Sune-kichi (second): Takumi Yamazaki Muku (first): Tessho Genda Jaiko (second: 2005): 4th Vanilla Yamazaki Pak Nobita (first): 2005): Wataru Takagi Funyakofunyao (first): Yasuroo Tanaka Sewashi (first): Yoshiko Ota His mother Suneo (first): Yoshino Otori His father Gian (second, 4th): Yutaka Shimaka Doraemon (2005 anime series) Doraemon 2005 is the latest anime series based on Fujiko Fujio's manga of the same name.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Produced by Studio Pierrot, Doraemon 2005 began airing on TV Asahi on April 15, 2005.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Most of the episodes in the series are remakes of the 1979 series.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Each episode in this series is divided into 2 stories with a duration of 12 minutes each, special special episode only 1 story with a duration between 24 minutes to 48 minutes.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

The series also began airing on Canal Sur 2 in Spain and TVB in Hong Kong in January 2009, as well as Biggs Panda in Portugal in 2010.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Doraemon 2005 is also expected to be aired on existing children's channels in all Southeast Asian countries in 2010.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

The international versions of all episodes use only Japan's third opening song.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

In Indonesia, the 2005 version is broadcast since 2010s on RCTI.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Music Opening song Doraemon no Uta by 12 Girls Band (April 15, 2005 - October 21, 2005) Hagushichao by Rimi Natsukawa (October 28, 2005 - April 20, 2007) Yume wo Kanaete Doraemon by mao (May 11, 2007 - Present) Cover song Odore Dore Dora Doraemon Ondo 2007 by Wasabi Mizuta (June 29, 2007 — 10 June 2007 — 10 August 2007) Nobita Voice: Megumi Oohara Doraemon: Wasabi Mizuta His mother Nobita: Kotono Mitsuishi Gian: Subaru Kimura Suneo: Tomokazu Seki His father Nobita: Yasunori Matsumoto Shizuka: Yumi Kakazu His mother Shizuka: Ai Orikasa Kaminari-san: Katsuahisa Hockey Keiko Yamamoto His mother Suneo: Minami Takayama His mother Gian: Miyako Takeuchi Mii-chan: Motoko Kumai Sewashi: Sachi Matsumoto Dekisugi: Shihoko Hagino Jaiko: Vanilla Yamazaki Pak Guru: Wataru Takagi Film Doraemon (or “Doraemon Adventure” in manga) Note: Doraemon films circulating in Indonesia are in bold print.


Question: When was the first work Fujiko F. Fujio wrote?

Doraemon

Old Versions (Anime 1979) Doraemon and Nobita's Dinosaurs' (1980) 'Doraemon: Adventures in Space' (1981) 'Doraemon: Nobita in the World of Mystery' (1982) 'Doraemon: Nobita's Adventures At The Sea Bottom' (1983) 'Doraemon: Nobita in the World of Demons' (1984) 'Doraemon:' (1985) ' Doraemon: Nobita and the Robot Squad '(1986)' Doraemon: Nobita and the Dinosaur Knights' (1987) 'Doraemon: Nobita's Adventure to the Western World' (1988)' Doraemon and the Origins of Japan '(1989') Doraemon: Nobita in the Country 1001 Night (1991) Aemon: Nobita in Cloud Kingdom (1992) Doraemon: Nobita and the Canned Maze (1993) Doraemon: Nobita and the Three Fantasy Swordsmen '(1994)' Doraemon: Nobita's Diary '(1995)' Doraemon: Nobita and the Galactic Railway' (1996) 'Doraemon: Nobita's Adventures in the Land of Toys' (1997) 'Doraemon: The Adventures of Nobita in the Land of Toys' (1997) 'Doraemon: The Adventures of Nobita in the Land of Toys' (1997) South Sea' (1998) 'Doraemon: Nobita Lost in Space (1999) Doraemon: Nobita and the Legend of the Sun King (2000) Doraemon: Nobita in the Bird Kingdom (2001) Doraemon: Nobita and the Robot Kingdom (2002) Doraemon: Nobita in the Land of the Wind (2003) Doraemon: Nobita in Wan Nyan Country (2004) New Anime Version) Doraemon: Dinosaur Nobita 2006 (remake version, 2006) Doraemon: Nobita's Adventures in the Wizarding World (remake version, 2007) Doraemon: The Story of Nobita and the Green Land Man (2008) Doraemon: Nobita's Fight at Planet Koya-Koya (remake version, 2009) Doraemon: Nobita and the Mermaid King battle (2010) Doraemon: Nobita's Fight Against Planet Megathobia's Robot Forces (remake version, 2011) Doraemon: Nobita Adventures On The Island of Animal Wonders (2012) Doraemon: Nobita's Adventures at the Museum of Magic Tools (2013) Doraemon: Nobita's Mystery-filled Adventures in the African Forest (remake version, 2014) Stand by Me Doraemon (2014) Doraemon: Nobita and the Space Heroes (2015) Doraemon: Nobita and the Birth of Japan (remake version, 2016) Doraemon: Nobita's Adventures in Antarctic Continent Kachi Kochi (2017) Doraemon: Nobita Adventures on Treasure Island (2018) Outlink Reference (in English) Japanese) (anime) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia on IMDb Category:Anime series of 1973 Category:Anime series of 1979 Category:2005 anime series Doraemon


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows or better known as Windows is a family of operating systems. developed by Microsoft, using a graphical user interface.


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

The Windows operating system has evolved from MS-DOS, an operating system based on text and command-line mode.


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

The first version of Windows, Windows Graphic Environment 1.0 was first introduced on 10 November 1983, but only came off the market in November 1985, which was made to meet the needs of computers with pictorial displays.


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

Windows 1.0 was an additional 16-bit software (not an operating system) running on top of MS-DOS (and some variants of MS-DOS), so it would not be able to run in the absence of a DOS operating system.


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

Version 2.x, version 3.x are also the same.


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

Some recent versions of Windows (starting from version 4.0 and Windows NT 3.1) are standalone operating systems that no longer depend on the MS-DOS operating system.


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows could then evolve and be able to master the use of the operating system to reach 90%.


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

A Brief History of Windows Starting from DOSShell for DOS 6 made by Microsoft and wanted Microsoft to compete against the bestselling Apple Macintosh sales using a GUI, Microsoft created Windows 1.0 The name comes from the perseverance of Microsoft employees who called the name of the application as Windows Programs (Windows Programs).


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

Windows version 2 was the first Windows version that the program could install.


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

The only program that can be added is Microsoft Word version 1.


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

Windows version 3 promises more additional applications, completeness of use, beauty of the user interface or interface and easy configuration.


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

Windows version 3.1 is a version of Windows that can optimize its use on 32-bit processors Intel 80386 and above.


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

Windows version 3.11 was the last Windows version before the Start Menu era.


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

Windows 3.11 was the first version of Windows to support networking/networking.


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

The Hybrid version can be run without MS-DOS.


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

That Hybrid version installs itself with DOS 7.


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

Unlike 16-bit versions of Windows which is a shell that must be installed via DOS first.


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

The application is also different.


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

Although Windows 9X can run 16-bit Windows applications, Windows 9X has its own application grade - X86-32, Windows 9X is very famous for its BSOD (Blue Screen of Death).


Question: When was Hotmail first developed?

Microsoft Windows

Windows versions Already released 16-bit, running on top of MS-DOS 1985 November - Windows 1.0 1987 December 9 - Windows 2.0 1990 May 22 - Windows 3.0 August 1992 - Windows 3.1 1992 October - Windows for Workgroups 3.1 1993 November - Windows for Workgroups 3.11 (Last version without Start Menu) Hybrid (16-bit/32-bit), running without MS-DOS (though not completely) 1995 August 24 - Windows 95 (Version: 4.00.950) (First Version with Start Menu) 1998 June 25 - Windows 98 (Version: 4.1.1998) 1999 May 5 - Windows 98 Second Edition (Version: 4.1.2222) 2000 - Windows Millennium Edition (Me) (Version: 4.9.3000) Kernel-Based Windows NT 1993 August - Windows NT 3.1 1994 September - Windows NT 3.5 1995 June - Windows NT 3.51 1996 July 29 - Windows NT 4.0 (Version 4.0.1381) 2000 February 17 - Windows 2000 (Version: NT 5.0.2195) 2001 - Windows XP (Version: NT 5.1.2600) 2003 - Windows Server 2003 (Version: NT 5.2.3790) 2006 - Windows Vista (Version 6.0 Build 6000) (First version to support Aero mode theme) 2007 - Windows Home Server (Version 6.0.1800.24) 2008 - Windows Server 2008 (Version 6.0.6001) 2009 October 22 - Windows 7 (Version 6.1 Build 7600) (Last Version with Start Menu) (Last Version with Aero mode theme) 2009 October 22 - Windows Server 2008 R2 (Version 6.1.7600) 2012 September 4 - Windows Server 2012 (Version 6.2 Build 9200) 2012 October 26 - Windows 8 (Version 6.2 Build 9200) (First Version with Start Screen) 2013 October 18 - Windows 8.1 (Version 6.3 Build 9600) (First Version with modified Start Button) 2013 October 18 - Windows Server 2012 R2 (Version 6.3 Build 9600) 2015 July 29 - Windows 10 (Version 10.0 Build 10240) (First version with modified Start Menu) 2016 - Windows Server 2016 (Version 10.0 Build 14393) 2019 - Windows Server 2019 See also Ubuntu Linux Reference Category:Microsoft Operating Systems


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

Algemeene Middelbare School in Dutch spelling more recently Algemene Middelbare School abbreviated as AMS was a general secondary education in the times of the Dutch East Indies with a three-year study period accepting graduates of MULO (Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs - expanded primary education - school at junior high level at that time).


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

Educational Regulations 1848, 1892, and Ethical Politics 1901 Regulations of primary education for people at the time of the Dutch East Indies were first issued in 1848, and refined in 1892 where primary education must exist at any Karesidenan, District, Kawedanaan, or centers crafts, trades, or places deemed necessary.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

The latter regulation (1898) was applied in 1901 after the Ethical Politics or Reply Politics of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, spoken at the coronation speech of Dutch Queen Wilhelmina on September 17, 1901, in essence there are 3 important things, namely irigration, transmigration, and education.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

In the Dutch East Indies children enter HIS at the age of 6 years and there is no Play Group (Speel Groep) or Kindergarten (Frobels), so directly enter HIS and for 7 years study.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

Afterwards it can proceed to MULO, AMS, or Kweekschool.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

The educational pathways for Dutch and Europeans in the Dutch East Indies are: Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) - HBS V; Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) - HBS III - HBS V; Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) - Gymnasiun/Lyceum; or Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) - MULO - AMS.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

The school path for Dutch children can also be entered by selected Bumiputera and Chinese children, while for indigenous people most (not nincrat) the educational path is HIS - MULO - AMS.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

For people of Chinese descent it is customary to choose the path of HCS (Hollandsche Chineesche School or “Dutch school for Chinese”) because in addition to the introductory language Dutch, it is also given Chinese.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

Outside the official line of the Dutch East Indies Government, there are still private parties such as Student Park, Universities, Christians and Catholics.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

On the path of Islamic education there is education held by Muhamadiyah, Pondok Pesantren, and others.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

AMS Educational Path Until the early 20th century, the path of secondary education in the Dutch East Indies was very limited.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

To be able to pass on to the university, students must proceed to Hoogere Burgerschool (HBS) - a 5-year advanced school that only selected Dutch, European, and indigenous people can enter.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

There were only four HBS in the Dutch East Indies in 1915, namely Koning Willem III School te Batavia (established in 1860), HBS Surabaya (1875), HBS Semarang (1877), and HBS Bandung (1915). [1]


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

To provide better access to the aborigines, a new secondary education path was created in the Dutch East Indies.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

In 1916 the Colonial Government of the Dutch East Indies received proposal from a commission on Algemeene Middelbareschool (AMS) education.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

On this path of secondary education is taken for six years in two parts.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

Its lower part is called Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs MULO afdeeling der AMS — general secondary education expanded primary education section, then second/upper section called Voorbereidend Hooger Onderwijs afdeeling der Algemeene Middelbare School (VHO AMS) — general secondary education section preparation for higher education. [1]


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

This VHO afdeeling can be accepted based on the rules at universities in the Netherlands. [2] :2 On Saturday, July 5, 1919 was opened AMS afdeeling B (major wis -en natuurkunde or 'mathematics and natural science') first in Yogyakarta; [1] and then AMS-I (majoring in mathematics and natural science') in Yogyakarta; [1] and then AMS-I (majors westersch-klassieke letteren or 'Western classical literature') in Bandung in 1920. [2] :3 AMS is equivalent to high school (High School) at the current high school level.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

AMS used an introduction to Dutch and in the 1930s, AMS schools existed only in some capital cities of the Dutch East Indies provinces namely Medan (Sumatra), Bandung (West Java), Semarang (Central Java), Surabaya (East Java), Makassar (East Indonesia).


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

In addition AMS exists in Yogyakarta (Kasultanate Yogyakarta), Surakarta (Kasunanan Surakarta) and some Karesidenan cities such as in Malang.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

In addition, there are several private AMS that are equated with Negeri, in the province of Borneo (Kalimantan) there is no AMS.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

Many parents students send their children to AMS, because in the hope of continuing to a higher level namely to THS in Bandung (Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng - founded in 1920 - now Institut Teknologi Bandung - ITB), RHS in Jakarta (Rechtshoogeschool te Batavia - founded in 1924 - now Faculty of Law UI Jakarta), GHS in Jakarta (Geneeskundige Hoogeschool te Batavia - founded in 1927 - now Faculty of Medicine UI Jakarta), Faculteit der Letteren en Wijsbegeerte (faculty of literature and philosophy - founded in 1940 in Jakarta), or to Bogor at Faculteit der Landbouwwetenschap (faculty of agriculture - founded in 1940 - now Bogor Agricultural Institute - IPB).


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

Through AMS means having to complete MULO first spread in almost all provinces that only number eight, while if through HBS is only in Surabaya, Semarang, Bandung, Jakarta, or Medan.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

Path A afdeling or high school part-A in 1951 or now Literature-Culture, where would be emphasized on literary and cultural sciences, of course this pathway is only to pass on to the RHS and the faculty of literature and philosophy only.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

Path B afdeling or SMA Part-B in 1951 or now Paspal, where it will be emphasized on natural sciences and exact sciences, this path can be to all departments of THS, RHS, GHS, faculty of literature and philosophy, or faculty of agriculture.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

Progression The level of education in AMS is of the same standard as schools in the Netherlands, so it is not something unusual when there are pupils who drop out because they are unable to attend lessons.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

Despite this, in 1922 AMS B managed to graduate its first graduates of 32 people.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

The first thirty-two graduates consisted of 13 people of European nationality, 14 indigenous people and 5 ethnic Chinese.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

There were only three women among the 32 who graduated in the year.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

Of the 32 graduates, 12 of them went to Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

Some continue their education in the Netherlands. [1]


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

AMS was considered successful in providing improvements in secondary education in the Dutch East Indies, mainly for the aborigines.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

After the first AMS opened in Jogja in 1919, following later AMS A.II opened in Bandung in 1920, AMS A.I in Surakarta in 1926 and AMS B in Malang in 1927.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

In 10 years of its journey, AMS B has successfully graduated 292 students.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

There are 38 people who continue their education in TH Bandung, plus 12 more who have graduated and received an Engineer degree in civil engineering.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

While of the alumni who continue their education in the Netherlands, seven of them continue in Delft.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

In addition, not a few continue medical and legal education in Weltevreden. [1]


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

It should be a separate note, is the number of indigenous students who graduated from AMS B Yogyakarta.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

In 10 years, AMS B has graduated 168 pupils from indigenous peoples.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

This number is about 57.5% of all graduates of AMS B. The number is more than the number of all four HBS indigenous graduates in the Dutch East Indies.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

Throughout the existence of HBS which has been more than 60 years in the Dutch East Indies, there are only 147 HBS graduates who come from indigenous people.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

Compare that to AMS B's 168 indigenous alumni in 10 years.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

This is a reflection of the success of AMS B in improving secondary education in the Dutch East Indies, but on the other hand also shows how access to education for indigenous people was still very limited at that time. [1]


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

AMS teachers at that time, AMs teachers were highly educated from RHS, THS, GHS, or LHS.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

So for example, algebra teachers generally bear the title of Ir., history teacher bears the title Mr., or botany teacher bears the degree of doctor (Arts), and so on.


Question: Who founded Algemene Middelbare School?

Algemeene Middelbare School

See also ELS HIS HCS (Holandsch-Chineesche School) MULO HBS Reference Note Category:Schools in Indonesia Category:Schools in the Dutch Colonial period Category:History of Indonesia


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Thorium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the emblem Th and atomic number 90.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Thorium metal is silvery and stained black when exposed to air, forming dioxide; this element is quite hard, malleable, and has a high melting point.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Thorium is an electropositive actinide dominated by a +4 oxidation state; this element is quite reactive and can ignite in air when finely divided.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

All known isotopes of thorium are unstable.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

The most stable isotope, 232Th, has a half-life of 14.05 billion years, or about the lifespan of the universe; this element decays very slowly through the alpha decay process, starting a decay chain named after the “thorium circuit” that ends at a stable 208Pb.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

In the universe, thorium and uranium are two radioactive elements that still appear naturally in large quantities as primordial elements.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

It is estimated that thorium is three times more than uranium in the Earth's crust, and is primarily purified from monazite sand as a byproduct when extracting rare-earth metals.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Thorium was discovered in 1829 by Norwegian amateur mineralist Morten Thrane Esmark and identified by Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius, who named it from Thor, the Norwegian god of thunder.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Its first uses were developed in the late 19th century.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

The radioactivity of thorium was widely recognized during the first decade of the 20th century.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

By the second half of the century, the thorium had been superseded in various situations as concerns arose regarding its radioactive properties.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Thorium was previously used as an alloying element in welding TIG electrodes, as a material in optical instruments and advanced technologies, and as a light source in gas lamp devices, but then its use was less and less.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Thorium has been proposed as a uranium replacement for nuclear fuel of nuclear reactors, and several thorium reactors have been built.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

The General Properties of Thorium represents a bright silvery, paramagnetic, and somewhat malleable radioactive actinide metal.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Within the periodic table, the thorium is to the right of the actinium, the left of the protactinium, and below the serium.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Pure thorium is very soft, and like metal in general, it can be rolled cold, forged, and molded. [4]


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

At room temperature, thorium metal has a face-centered (face-centered) cube crystal structure; has two other forms, one at high temperatures (over 1360°C; body-centered cube) and another at high pressure (about 100 GPa; body-centered tetragonal). [4]


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Thorium metal has a compression modulus (a measure of resistance to compression from a material) of 54 GPa, about the same as tin (58.2 GPa).


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Aluminum at 75.2 GPa; copper 137.8 GPa; and mild steel by 160-169 GPa. [5]


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

The hardness of thorium is as hard as that of mild steel, so when heated thorium can be rolled into sheets drawn into wire. [6]


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

The specific gravity of thorium is close to half of the specific gravity of uranium and plutonium, harder than both. [6]


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Thorium becomes superconductive under 1.4 K. [4] The thorium melting point of 1,750°C is above actinium (1,227°C) and protactinium (1568°C).


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Early in the elemental arrangement of period 7, from francium up to thorium, the melting point of those elements increases (as does other periods), as the number of electrons of each atom delocated makes an increasing contribution from one in francium to four in thorium, leading to an attraction are larger between electron-electrons and metal ions so their load increases from one to four.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

After thorium, there is a trend of a new decrease in the melting point of thorium to plutonium, when the number of electrons f increases from about 0.4 to about 6: this tendency is due to the increased mixing of 5f and 6d orbitals and the formation of direct bonds resulting in the crystal structure more complex and attenuate metallic bonds. [6] [7] (Calculation of f electrons for thorium is non-integer because 5f—6d overlap each other). [7]


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Among actinide-actinides to californium, which can be studied at least in milligram quantities, thorium has the highest melting and boiling point and the second lowest density; only actinium is lighter. [b] The boiling point of thorium is 4.788°C among the highest five among all elements that have known boiling points. [c] The properties of thorium vary greatly depending on the level of impurity in the sample.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

The main impurity is usually thorium dioxide (tHo2); even the purest thorium specimens typically contain about one-tenth of a percent (0.1%) dioxide. [4]


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Experimental measurements for its density give values between 11.5 and 11.66 g/cm3: they are slightly lower than the expected theoretical value, which is 11.7 g/cm3, calculated from the parameters of the thorium lattice, possibly due to microscopic cavities formed in the metal when printed. [4]


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

These values are among other surrounding elements such as: actinium (10.1 g/cm3) and protactinium (15.4 g/cm3), part of the trend in early early actinides. [4]


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Thorium can take the form of metal alloy/alloy with other metals.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

The addition of a small proportion of thorium increases the strength of magnesium mechanics, and torium-aluminum alloys have been considered as a way to store thorium in future thorium nuclear reactor proposals.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Thorium forms a eutectic mixture with chromium and uranium, and is thoroughly mixed in both solid and liquid matter form with a congener lighter than serium. [4]


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Isotopes Except for two elements, technisium (element 43) and promethium (element 61), all elements up to bismuth (element 83) have one isotope that is practically stable.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

All elements from polonium (element 84) and above all isotopes are radioactive.232th is one of three nuclides other than bismuth (the other two being 235U and 238U) that has a half-life in the size of billions of years; its half-life is 14.05 billion years, about three times the age of the earth and slightly older than the lifespan of the universe.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Eighty percent of the thorium that existed at the time of Earth's formation still persists today. [10] [11] [12] 232Th is the only thorium isotope that exists in adequate quantities in nature.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Its stability is due to its closed core skin with 142 neutrons. [13] [14] Thorium has terrestrial isotopic composition characteristics, with an atomic weight of 232,0377 (4).


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Thorium is one of three radioactive elements that occur in large enough quantities on earth for the determination of standard atomic weight. [1]


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Thorium nuclei are susceptible to alpha decay because the strong nuclear force cannot overcome electromagnetic repulsion among their proton-protons.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

The alpha decay of the 232Th starts the 4n decay chain which includes isotopes with a mass number divisible by 4 (also called the thorium series according to its progenitor name).


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

The successive series of alpha and beta decays begins with 232Th decay to 228Ra and ends at 208Pb. [10]


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

A sample of thorium or its compounds will contain traces of these pups, namely isotopes of thallium, lead, bismuth, polonium, radon, radium, and actinium.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Natural thorium samples can be chemically purified to extract useful decay child nuclides, such as 212Pb, which are used in nuclear medicine for cancer therapy. [16] [17] 232Th also undergoes spontaneous fission in addition to alpha decay and has left evidence of such events in in its minerals (such as the xenon gas trap formed as one of the results of fission), but the partial half-life of this process is very large above 1021 years and alpha decay predominates.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Thirty radioisotopes of thorium have been characterized, from the lifetime number 209 to 238.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

The most stable (after 232Th) are the 230Th with a half-life of 75,380 years, the 229th with a half-life of 7,340 years, the 228Th with a half-life of 1.92 years, the 234th with a half-life of 24.10 days, and the 227Th with a half-life of 18.68 days.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

All of these isotopes occur in nature as traces of radioisotopes due to their existence in decay chains 232Th, 235U, 238U, and 237Np: The latter have long been extinct in nature due to their short half-life (2.14 million years), but continue to be produced in minuscule quantities once as a result of neutron capture process in uranium ore.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Other thorium isotopes have half-lives of less than 30 days and most are less than 10 minutes. [10]


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

In the deep ocean, the 230Th isotope reaches up to 0.04% of natural thorium.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

This is caused by the parent 238U which is water-soluble but 230Th is insoluble and settles into the sediment.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Uranium ores with low concentrations of thorium can be purified to produce gram-size thorium samples more than a quarter of which is 230Th isotope, since 230Th is one of the decays of 238U. [18]


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recalified thorium as a binuclide element in 2013; which was previously expressed as a mononuclide element. [1]


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

Thorium has 3 nuclear isomers (or metastabile states), 216m1th, 216m2th, and 229mTH.229mth has the lowest excitation energy of those isomers, [21] measured at 7.6 ± 0.5 eV.


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

This energy is so low that when undergoing an isomeric transition, the gamma radiation it emits in the ultraviolet region. [22] [23] [d] Different thorium isotopes have the same chemical properties but slightly different physical properties: for example, the densities of the 228Th, 229th, 230Th, and 232th consecutive pure is 11.5, 11.6, 11.6, and 11.7 g/cm3. [25]


Question: What is the function of thorium?

Thorium

The 229th isotope is a breakable with its bare critical period of 2839 kg, although with iron reflectors this value drops to 994 kg. [25] [e] 232Th cannot be broken down, but rather fertile because it can be transformed into physil 233U by neutron capture and followed by beta decay. [25] [26] Footnotes Library Category:Chemical elements Category:Actinides Category:Carcinogens


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

In 1983, Microsoft announced the development of a graphical interface for its artificial operating system, MS-DOS that had been built for IBM PC systems and compatibles since 1981.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Early Windows Version Windows 1.0 The first version of Microsoft Windows, referred to as Windows 1.0, was released on November 20, 1985.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This version has many shortcomings in some functionality, making it less popular on the market.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

In the first version of Windows 1.0 was about to be named Interface Manager, but Rowland Hanson, head of marketing at Microsoft Corporation, assured Microsoft bigwigs that the name “Windows” would be more “captivating” to consumers.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows 1.0 is not a complete operating system, but only extends the capabilities of MS-DOS with additional graphical interfaces.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

In addition, Windows 1.0 also had the same problems and weaknesses that MS-DOS had.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Furthermore, it was Apple that demanded Microsoft make Microsoft restrict its capabilities.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

For example, windows inside Windows 1.0 can only be displayed on the screen on a “tile” basis, so they cannot overwrite each other.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

In addition, there is no kind of place to store files before they are deleted (Recycle Bin), because Apple believes they have the right to the paradigm.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Microsoft also removed the limitation from Windows by signing a license agreement with Apple. That's windows now that always have upgrades to upgrade the version of Windows 2.x version 2 appeared later on December 9, 1987, and became a little more popular compared to its predecessor.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Much of its popularity gained due to its proximity to Microsoft-made graphics applications, Microsoft Excel for Windows and Microsoft Word for Windows.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows applications can be run from MS-DOS, to then enter Windows to perform their operations, and will exit by themselves when they are closed.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows eventually gained significant improvements when Aldus PageMaker appeared in a version for Windows, previously only able to run on top of the Macintosh.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Some computer historians note this as the emergence of an application that sells significantly in addition to Microsoft-made as the beginning of Microsoft Windows success.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows version 2.0x uses the real mode memory model, which is only capable of accessing memory up to 1 megabyte only.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

In such a configuration, Windows can run another multitasking application, such as DesqView, which runs in the protected mode offered by Resi Kiswanto Intel 80286.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows 2.1x Furthermore, two newly released versions are Windows/286 2.1 and Windows/386 2.1.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

As with previous versions of Windows, Windows/286 uses the real-mode memory model, but is the first version to support High Memory Area (HMA).


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows/386 2.1 even had a kernel running in protected mode with emulation of the Lotus-Intel-Microsoft (LIM) standard Expanded Memory Specification (EMS), a precursor to the Extended Memory Specification (XMS) specification which later ultimately changed the computing topology inside the IBM PC.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

All Windows and DOS-based applications at that time did run in real mode, which ran on top of the protected mode kernel by using Virtual 8086 mode, which was a new feature shared by the Intel 80386.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Version 2.03 and later version 3.0 gained demands from Apple because indeed this version 2.1 has a cascade (stacked) window appearance mode, in addition to some features of the Apple Macintosh operating system that are “emulated” by Windows, the main being the look/look and feel issue.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Judge William Schwarzer ultimately overturned all 189 of the suits, except for the 9 suits filed by Apple against Microsoft on January 5 [[1989" Success with Windows 3.0 Microsoft Windows finally achieved very significant success when stepping on version 3.0 that was released in 1990.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

In addition to offering improved capabilities to Windows applications, Windows 3.0 is also able to allow users to run multiple MS-DOS applications simultaneously (multitasking), since indeed in this version virtual memory has been introduced.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This version is also what makes the IBM PC and its compatibles a serious challenger to the Apple Macintosh.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This was due to improved graphics processing performance at that time (with the Video Graphics Array (VGA) graphics card), and also a protected mode/386 Enhanced mode that allowed Windows applications to use more memory in an easier way compared to what is offered by MS-DOS.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows 3.0 runs in three modes, real mode, standard mode, and 386 Enhanced mode, and is compatible with Intel family processors from Intel 8086/8088, 80286, to 80386.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows 3.0 will try to detect which mode to use, although users can force Windows to work in a specific mode only by using certain switches when running it win /r: force Windows to run inside real win mode /s: forcing Windows to run inside real win mode /s: forcing Windows to running inside standard mode win /3: force Windows to run inside 386 Enhanced mode.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Version 3.0 is also the first version of Windows to run in protected mode, although kernel 386 enhanced mode is an upgraded kernel version of the protected mode kernel inside Windows/386.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Due to the backward compatibility feature, Windows 3.0 applications must be compiled using a 16-bit environment, so that it does not at all use the capabilities of the Intel 80386 microprocessor, which in fact is a 32-bit processor.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows 3.0 also came in a “multimedia” version, called Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions 1.0, which was released a few months later.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This version is bundled with the presence of a “multimedia upgrade kit”, consisting of a CD-ROM drive and a sound card, as does the Creative Labs Sound Blaster Pro.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This version was a pioneer of all the multimedia features contained in later versions of Windows, as with Windows 3.1 and Windows for Workgroups, and became part of the Microsoft Multimedia PC specification.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

The features mentioned above and the growing support of the application software market make Windows 3.0 very successful on the market.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Noted, in the two years prior to the release of the Windows 3.1 version, Windows 3.0 sold as many as 10 million copies.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Finally, Windows 3.0 also became Microsoft's main source of income, and made Microsoft make revisions to some of its initial plans.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Switching temporarily to IBM OS/2 During the mid to late 1980s, Microsoft and IBM worked together in developing a successor operating system to DOS, referred to as IBM OS/2.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

OS/2 can use all the capabilities offered by the Intel 80286 microprocessor and is capable of accessing up to 16 Megabytes of memory.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

OS/2 1.0 was released in 1987, which had swapping and multitasking features, in addition to certainly allowing MS-DOS applications to run on it.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

OS/2 version 1.0 is just an operating system based on text/command line mode only.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

OS/2 version 1.1 released in 1988 offers a graphical interface, called the Presentation Manager (PM).


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This Presentation Manager uses the same coordinate system as the Cartesius coordinates, in contrast to the Windows operating system and some other GUI systems.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

The use of such coordinate systems causes the point x, y 0,0 on OS/2 to be placed in the lower left corner of the screen, while on Windows, it is placed in the upper left corner.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

OS/2 version 1.2, released in 1989, introduced a new file system, called the High Performance File System (HPFS), aimed at replacing the File Allocation Table (FAT) filesystem.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

In the early 1990s, the relationship between Microsoft and IBM was stretched due to the emergence of a conflict.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This is because they work together in developing their respective personal computer operating systems (IBM with OS/2 and Microsoft with its Windows), both having access to each operating system's code.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Microsoft willed further development of its artificial Windows operating system, while IBM had a passion that all its future work should be created based on the OS/2 operating system.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

In an experiment to end this conflict, IBM and Microsoft finally agreed that IBM would develop IBM OS/2 version 2.0, to replace OS/2 version 1.3 and Windows 3.0, while Microsoft would have to develop a new operating system, OS/2 version 3.0, which would later replaced OS/2 version 2.0.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This agreement did not last long, so IBM and Microsoft's relationship was terminated.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

IBM eventually continued development of OS/2, while Microsoft renamed the OS/2 version 3.0 operating system (which had not been released) to Windows NT.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Both still have the right to use OS/2 and Windows technologies already established until the termination of the approval; however, Windows NT was completely written as a new operating system and was largely code free of IBM OS/2 code.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

After version 1.3 was released to justify some of the problems in OS/2 version 1.x, IBM finally released OS/2 version 2.0 in 1992.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Version 2.0 offers a significant improvement, namely an object-oriented GUI, called Workplace Shell (WPS), which includes a desktop and is considered by many to be the best feature in OS/2.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Microsoft eventually “plagiarized” some elements of Workplace Shell on the Windows 95 operating system released three years later.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Version 2.0 also offers an API that fully supports Intel 80386's 32-bit instructions, thus offering nice multitasking features and is capable of addressing up to 4 gigabytes of memory.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

However, many things inside the system internals still use 16-bit code, which requires that the device driver must also be written using 16-bit code as well, in addition to some other internal things.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This is one of the reasons why OS/2 lacks hardware drivers.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Version 2.0 is also capable of running DOS and Windows 3.0 applications, as indeed IBM also still has the right to use DOS and Windows code after the “divorce” of the relationship between them.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

At the time, it was not clear who was the winner in the race called “Desktop Wars”, but in the end OS/2 was not able to gain enough market share even though IBM ultimately released some much more powerful versions of OS/2 after this 2.0 version.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

The rise of dualism: Windows 3.1 dropped to the home market and Windows NT dropped to the corporate market Windows 3.1 In response to the release of IBM OS/2 version 2.0 to the market, Microsoft developed Windows 3.1, which offered some minor improvements to Windows 3.0 (as did the capabilities to display the TrueType Fonts fonts, jointly developed with Apple), and also contained in it a lot of bug fixes and support for multimedia.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Version 3.1 also removes support for real mode, so it only runs on a protected mode only owned by Intel 80286 microprocessors or higher still.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Microsoft also eventually released Windows 3.11, which is a version of Windows 3.1 that includes all patches and fixes released after Windows 3.1 was launched in 1992. /p; Windows for Workgroups About the same time, Microsoft released Microsoft Windows for Workgroups, which is available both as an addition to Windows 3.1 and as a version covered in it's basic Windows environment and additional networking capabilities inside a package.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows for Workgroups includes better computer network drivers and protocol stacks, and also supports networking on a peer-to-peer basis.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

One optional download for Windows for Workgroups is the TCP/IP protocol stack codenamed “Wolverine”, which permits access to the Internet over corporate networks.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows for Workgroups was released in two versions, Windows for Workgroups 3.1 and Windows for Workgroups 3.11.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows for Workgroups 3.11 only runs inside 386 Enhanced mode, and requires at least a machine with an Intel 80386SX processor.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

All of those versions continuously increase the sales rate of Windows version 3.x.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Although Windows 3.1x still has many shortcomings, which have previously been corrected by OS/2, such as long filenames (exceeding 11 characters, in 8.3 format), desktops, or system protection against unwanted application behavior, Microsoft quickly took over the market GUI in desktop market share for IBM PCs and their compatibles.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

The Windows API also became the de-facto standard for consumer software.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows NT During that time, Microsoft continued to continue the development of its new operating system, called Windows NT.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

The principal architect of Windows NT was Dave Cutler, who was one of the leading architects of the VMS operating system at the company Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), which was later purchased by Compaq which is now part of Hewlett-Packard.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Microsoft recruited Cutler in 1988 to create a portable version of OS/2, but eventually Cutler instead created a new operating system.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Before moving to Microsoft, Cutler was actually creating a successor operating system to VMS at DEC, called Mica.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

And at a time when DEC bigwigs derailed the project, he quit DEC and brought many expert workers with him to Microsoft.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

DEC had confidence that Cutler was carrying Mica code for use by Microsoft and demanded it.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Eventually, Microsoft lost and in the end was told to pay 150 million American dollars and have an agreement to support DEC's new CPU chip, the DEC Alpha, which was noted as the fastest chip, in order to run inside Windows NT.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows NT 3.1 (Microsoft's marketing field wanted Windows NT to be seen as a continuation of Windows 3.1) finally appeared first in Beta form for software developers in July 1992 in a Professional Developers Conference (PDC) event that was held in San Francisco, California, United States.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Microsoft also announced its desire to develop a successor operating system for Windows NT as well as a replacement for Windows 3.1 at the conference (codenamed Chicago), which would then bring the two together into a combined operating system.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

The operating system was named Cairo.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

It turned out that Cairo was a more complicated project than what Microsoft had anticipated, and the result that NT and Chicago did not “unite” until Windows XP was launched.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

In addition, parts of Cairo have not appeared inside the Microsoft Windows operating system to date.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

An example is the WinFS subsystem, which is an implementation of the Object File System inside Cairo, did have been worked on by Microsoft for some time, but in the end Microsoft announced that it was discontinuing development of WinFS and would incorporate the technology that developed for WinFS inside other Microsoft products and technologies, specifically Microsoft SQL Server.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Device driver support for Windows NT is also lacking so much because indeed developing drivers for Windows NT is considered complicated by some developers, besides of course Windows NT also has superiority in its hardware abstraction model.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This problem has haunted all versions of Windows NT until Windows NT 5.0 (Windows 2000) came out onto the market.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Programmers also complain that developing device drivers for Windows NT is complicated, and hardware developers are also unwilling to risk developing device drivers for an operating system that has limited market share.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

In addition, although Windows NT offers good performance and is able to more efficiently expolitate system resources, in some systems with limited hardware, Windows NT is considered a resource-wasteful system.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This resulted in the rise of public opinion that Windows NT was only suitable for large machines and was also much more expensive (as was the case for workstations with DEC Alpha or Intel Pentium which at that time were still new).


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows NT is also unable to work for private users due to its high resource needs.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Also, the GUI it uses is just a copy of the Windows 3.1 GUI, which is still vastly lost when compared to OS/2's proprietary Workplace Shell, so the reason Windows NT is a replacement for Windows 3.1 doesn't make sense.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

However, it is these features that make Windows NT the perfect choice for local network server (LAN) market share, which in 1993 was booming, as in-office network commodities have increased drastically.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

The network features in Windows NT offer several extensive network connectivity options and also of course an efficient NTFS file system.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows NT 3.51 was Microsoft's prima donna at its foray into this market, which then took over most of the market share previously owned by Novell Netware the next few years.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

One of the biggest improvements from Windows NT is the new 32-bit Application Programming Interface (API), created to replace the old 16-bit Windows API.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This 32-bit API is named the Win32 API, and it was from there that Microsoft referred to the old 16-bit API as Win16.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

The Win32 API has three major implementations: one for Windows NT (which is the most complete Win32 API with ANSI or Unicode support), one for Win32s (which is part of Win32 that can be used on top of Windows 3.1 systems), and also one for Chicago (which is only supporting ANSI).


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This leads to high compatibility between Chicago and Windows NT, although basically the two systems are very much different when viewed from the basic architecture.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows NT was the first Windows operating system to be created using a hybrid kernel, having in earlier versions only used a monolithic kernel only.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows 95 After Windows 3.11, Microsoft began development of a user-oriented version of Windows codenamed Chicago.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Chicago is designed to have support for 32-bit pre-emptive multitasking as it does in OS/2 and Windows NT, although the 16-bit kernel is still contained in it for backward compatibility reasons.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

The Win32 API first introduced in Windows NT was also adopted as a new 32-bit based programming interface standard, with Win16 compatibility also maintained using a technique called “thunking”.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

The new GUI is also owned by the operating system, although at first Microsoft did not plan it as part of the operating system when it was released.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Indeed some user interface elements owned by Cairo were borrowed and added to the operating system as other aspects of that version (specifically the Plug and Play feature).


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Microsoft doesn't switch all Windows code to 32-bit; many parts in it are still 16-bit (though they don't use real mode directly), for reasons of backward compatibility, performance, and development time.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This and the fact that the many weaknesses in the design of previous versions of Windows, made the new operating system compromised its efficiency and stability.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Finally, Microsoft's marketing section used the Windows 95 name as the product name for Chicago, when it was released on August 24, 1995.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Microsoft had two advantages of this launch: 1) it was impossible for the consumers to run Windows 95 on a DOS operating system instead of the much cheaper Microsoft-made.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

2) although traces of DOS were never unplugged from the operating system, instead they plugged a DOS version to load as part of the boot process, Windows 95 runs itself in 386 Enhanced mode, using virtual memory and model 32-bit flat memory addressing.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Those features make Win32 applications to address as much as 2 gigabytes of virtual RAM (with the remaining 2 gigabytes reserved for the operating system), and in theory prevent the application from interfering with the memory room owned by other Win32 applications in the absence of approval of the operating system.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

In this regard, indeed the functionality of Windows 95 is close to what Windows NT has, although Windows 95/98/Me does not support memory exceeding 512 megabytes without editing troublesome system configurations.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Behind Microsoft's success, IBM continued to continue the OS/2 market, by producing OS/2 version 3.0 and OS/2 Warp (version 4.0).


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

IBM responded to complaints raised by consumers regarding high computer hardware requirements requested by OS/2 version 2.0, OS/2 version 3.0 was made much slimmer by optimizing size and speed.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Before Windows 95 was released, OS/2 Warp 3.0 had even been bundled in some major hardware providers in Germany.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

However, with the release of Windows 95, OS/2 again lost its market share again, being taken over by Windows 95.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

It may not be possible to figure out what the reason why OS/2 failed in gaining large market share.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Although OS/2 continues to be able to run Windows 3.1 applications, there is really nothing short of it anymore, except for a small part of the Windows API called Win32s.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Unlike Windows 3.1, IBM did not have access to the Windows 95 source code and was unwilling to use existing time and resources to perform emulation of the Win32 API.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

IBM also introduced OS/2 in the case of United States versus Microsoft, blaming marketing tactics on Microsoft's part, but many people might agree that the problems in IBM's marketing section were and the support was severely lacking from the software developers who caused OS/2 failures.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Before replacing it with the new version of Windows, Microsoft released Windows 95 in five different versions, namely as follows: Windows 95 - the actual release of Windows 95 Windows 95 A - includes the Windows 95 Original Service Release 1 (OSR1) update that is inserted directly Resistance to installation.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows 95 B - includes several other major updates, as does the FAT32 file system, and Internet Explorer 3.0.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This version is also known as Windows 95 OSR2, or many people in Indonesia refer to it as Windows 97.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows 95 B USB - or Windows 95 OSR2.1 is a version of Windows 95 that offers support for Universal Serial Bus/USB bus-based hardware.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows 95 C - or Windows 95 OSR2.5 includes all of the above features, plus Internet Explorer 4.0.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This version is the most last released version of the Windows 95 series.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows 95 OSR2, OSR2.1 and OSR2.5 are not released to the public, but only to OEMs who want to use the operating system into their computer.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Some OEM companies even sell new hard disks with the Windows 95 OSR2 operating system in them.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

In addition to the features contained within Windows 95, Microsoft also introduced Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95 that includes some additional features that Windows 95 does not have.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Microsoft's Windows NT 4.0 released Windows NT 4.0, as a successful successor to Windows NT 3.x threatened the dominance of Novell Netware and UNIX in the corporate market.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows NT 4.0 was originally developed as a part of an effort to introduce Windows NT to the workstation market.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

NT 4.0 has the same interface as Windows 95, but uses the same kernel as Windows NT, making it more stable.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Indeed, there is an additional patch available for Windows NT 3.51 that is capable of making NT 3.51 to be similar to NT 4.0, but it is very unstable and has many bugs.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

That user interface was originally developed on top of Windows NT, but since Windows 95 was released first before NT 4.0, then people tend to think “Windows NT 4.0 is a byword of Windows 95.”


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows NT 4.0 comes in four versions: Windows NT 4.0 Workstation Windows NT 4.0 Server Windows NT 4.0 Server, Enterprise Edition (which includes support for clustering and SMP up to 8-way) Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Windows 98 On June 25, 1998, Microsoft released an operating system The new Windows, known as Windows 98.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows 98 is considered a minor revision to Windows 95, but in general it is seen as much more stable and reliable compared to its predecessor, Windows 95.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows 98 includes many new hardware drivers and improved FAT32 filesystem support that allows partitions to have a capacity greater than 2 gigabytes, a limitation contained within Windows 95.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

USB support inside Windows 98 is also much better compared to its predecessor.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows 98 invited controversy when Microsoft incorporated the Microsoft Internet Explorer web browser into the operating system and it could not be revoked, thus rendering Windows Explorer and the Windows GUI capable of displaying directories as if web pages.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This opens a new case, referred to as USA versus Microsoft, which asks why Microsoft bothered to keep its dominance inside personal computer operating systems in order to compete with its rivals such as Netscape and IBM in such a dishonest way.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

In 1999, Microsoft released Windows 98 Second Edition, a release that offered many improvements over previous versions.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Internet Connection Sharing, which is a form of Network Address Translation, which allows multiple machines in a local network to be able to use one Internet connection line together was introduced in this version.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Many minor problems within the old Windows have been corrected, which makes Windows 98 according to many people the most stable version of Windows 9x among all other versions of Windows 9x.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Microsoft's Windows 2000 released Windows 2000 on February 17, 2000, a version previously known by the designation Windows NT 5.0 or “NT 5.0".


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

The Windows 2000 version is aimed at two market shares, namely workstation market share and server market share.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Among the most significant features of Windows 2000 is Active Directory, a network model replacement for the NT domain network model, which uses technologies that are industry standards, such as the Domain Name System (DNS), Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), and Kerberos for connect between a machine to another.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows Terminal Services also, which in Windows NT 4.0 is contained in only one product, in Windows 2000 it is contained in all versions of the server.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

New features adopted from Windows 98 were also embedded in it, such as the upgraded Device Manager (by using the Microsoft Management Console), Windows Media Player, and DirectX 6.1 (which allowed Windows NT kernel-based operating systems to run games).


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows 2000 was also the last NT kernel-based version of Windows that did not require its users to perform activation against it.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Although Windows 2000 can update computers previously running Windows 98, Windows 2000 is not considered a suitable product for home users.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

The reasons are many, among which is the lack of device drivers for many user devices such as scanners (scanners) and also printers, at the time of release.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

That situation eventually reversed by the time Windows XP was released by Microsoft.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows 2000 is available in six editions, namely: Windows 2000 Professional Windows 2000 Server Windows 2000 Advanced Server Windows 2000 Datacenter Server Windows 2000 Advanced Server Limited Edition Windows 2000 Datacenter Server Limited Edition Windows Me In September 2000, Microsoft introduced Windows Millennium Edition (also known as Windows Me or Windows ME).


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This version updates Windows 98 with improved multimedia and Internet support.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This version also incorporated the “System Restore feature,” which allowed its users to restore the state of the system to a point that was known to be fine, at a time when the operating system had a failure.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

System Restore became a feature still maintained on Windows XP.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This version also introduced the first version of Windows Movie Maker.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows Me was created in a short period of time, roughly just one year, aimed only at filling the release void between Windows 98 and Windows XP as an operating system for the home-class.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Features contained within Windows Me (such as Internet Explorer 5.5, Windows Media Player 7.0, and Microsoft DirectX 7.1) can even be obtained for free from Windows Update sites, except System Restore.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

As a result, even Windows Me is not considered a unique operating system among its brethren of the Windows 9x family, Windows 95 and Windows 98.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows Me was also criticized for the appearance of stability issues, as well as support for MS-DOS running inside real mode.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

People even refer to Windows Me as Windows Mistake Edition.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

Windows Me was the last operating system created based on the monolithic kernel of Windows 9x and MS-DOS.


Question: When was chip memory first invented?

History of Microsoft Windows

This version also became the last version of the Windows operating system that did not have Windows Product Activation (WPA).