Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

These experiments are often used to demonstrate basic principles of quantum mechanics.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

The Stern—Gerlach experiment can be used to demonstrate that electrons and atoms have intrinsic quantum properties, and how measurements in quantum mechanics affect the system being measured.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

Basic theory and distribution of 300px|JMPL|basic elements of the Stern—Gerlach experiment.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

In the Stern—Gerlach experiment, a beam of particles transmitted through an inhomogeneous magnetic field, and then its deflection was observed.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

The results showed that the particle had an intrinsic angular momentum analogous to the angular momentum of a classical object rotating like gasing (spinning).


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

However these angular momentum values only take certain quantized values.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

These experiments are usually performed with particles that are neutral or atomic.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

This avoids large deflections against the orbit of a charged particle moving through the magnetic field and allows the effects that occur due to spin to dominate.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

When the particle is treated as a rotated classical dipole, there will be precession in the magnetic field due to the torque deployed by the magnetic field against that dipole.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

When the particle moves through a homogeneous magnetic field, the torque due to the magnetic field imposed against the ends of the dipoles will obliterate each other, and the particle's trajectory is not affected.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

But when those magnetic fields are not homogeneous, the force at one end of the dipole will be greater than the force against the other end, so there is a netto force that deflects the particle's trajectory.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

When the particle is a classical spin object, we will estimate the spin distribution of its angular momentum vector to be random and continuous.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

Each particle will be deflected with different forces, resulting in a seamless distribution across the detector screen.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

But observations showed that particles passing through the Stern-Gerlach experiment equipment were deflected up or down over a certain distance.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

This result shows a quantized spin angular momentum (it can only take discrete values), so no continuous distribution of angular momentum is possible.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

When this experiment is performed using charged particles such as electrons, there will be a Lorentz force that tends to bend the trajectory in the form of a circle.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

This force can be obliterated using an electric field of suitable strength, with orientation perpendicular to the direction of the charged particle. 100px|left|jmpl|spin value for fermions.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

Electrons are particles with spin-1−2.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

Such a particle has only two values of angular momentum measured along any axis, +ħ/2 or −ħ/2.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

When this value rises because particles rotate like planets, each particle must rotate very quickly which is impossible.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

Even when the electron radius is 14nm (classical electron radius), the surface must rotate with a velocity of 2.3×1011m/s.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

The speed of rotation of this surface would exceed the light rate of 2.998×108m/s, and is therefore impossible. [2]


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

This spin angular momentum is a phenomenon of pure quantum mechanics.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

Since the value is always the same, this value is considered an intrinsic property of the electron, and is therefore referred to as “intrinsic angular momentum” (to distinguish it with orbital angular momentum, which can vary and depend on the presence of other particles).


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

For electrons there are two possible values for which the angular momentum of the spin is measured along an axis.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

This is also true for protons and neutrons, which are composite particles composed of three quarks (each of which is a spin-1−2 particle).


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

Other particles have possible spin values.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

To multiply the experiment using a +1−2 spin particle mathematically, it is convenient to use the bra-ket notation of Dirac.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

When particles pass through the Stern-Gerlach device, they are “observed”.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

The action of these observations in quantum mechanics is equivalent to measurement.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

This measurement device is a detector, and in this case we can observe one of two possible values, namely the upper spin and the lower spin.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

This is described by the angular momentum quantum number j, which can be valued either, +ħ/2 ata −ħ/2.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

These observations (measurements) correspond to the Jz operator.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

In mathematical equations, | ψ ⟩ = c 1 | ψ j = + 2 ⟩ + c 2 | ψ j = − 2 ⟩. {\ displaystyle |\ psi\ rangle =c_ {1}\ left|\ psi _ {j=+ {\ frac {\ hbar} {2}}\ right\ rangle +c_ {2}\ left|\ psi _ {j=- {\ frac {\ hbar} {2}}\ right\ rangle.}


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

The constants c1 and c2 are complex numbers.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

The square of its absolute value, (|c1|2 and |c2|2) determines the probability of finding one of two possible j-values inm state | ψ ⟩ {\ displaystyle |\ scriptstyle\ psi\ rangle}.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

This constant must also be normalized in order that the probability of finding one of these values is 1.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

However, this information is not sufficient to determine the values of c1 and c2, since both may just be complex numbers.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

Therefore the measurement only yields the absolute value of the constant value.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

Sequential experiments When we associate several Stern-Gerlach apparatus, we can see that they not only act as simple selectors, but also change the observed state (as in the polarization of light), according to the laws of quantum mechanics [3]: Impact of the Stern Experiment- Gerlach had a profound impact on modern physics: In later decades, scientists showed, using similar techniques, that the nuclei of some atoms also had quantized angular momentum.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

The interaction of this nuclear angular momentum with the electron spin is responsible for the hyperfine structure of spectroscopic lines.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

In the thirteenth decade, using the expanded Stern-Gerlach apparatus, Isidor Rabi and his colleagues showed that by changing magnetic fields, they could force magnetic momentum from one state to another.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

This series of experiments culminated in 1937 when they found that state transitions could be induced using fields that change to time, or RF fields.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

This Rabi Oscillation is the mechanism of action of Magnetic Resonance Imaging fixtures found in hospitals.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

Norman F. Ramsey later modified the Rabi apparatus increasing the time of interaction with the magnetic field.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

The extreme sensitivity due to radiation frequency makes this equipment very useful as an accurate time gauge, and is still used today in atomic clocks.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

In the early decades of the 1960s, Ramsey and Daniel Kleppner used a Stern—Gerlach system to create polarized hydrogen beams as an energy source for the hydrogen Maser, which is still the most popular atomic clock.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

Direct observation of such spin represents the most direct clue of quantization in quantum mechanics The Stern—Gerlach experiment has become the measurement paradigm of quantum mechanics.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

Notably, this experiment is considered to have satisfied the von Neumann projection.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

According to recent insights, based on the description of quantum mechanics the influence of inhomogeneous magnetic fields [4], this can only be true in the void meaning.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

The von Neumann projection can only be rigorously satisfied only if the magnetic field is homogeneous.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

Because of this the von Neumann projection even more does not match the actual function of the Stern—Gerlach device as a means of measuring spin.


Question: researching whether the Stern-Gerlach experiment?

Stern—Gerlach experiment

See also Photon Polarization Reference Further reading Outside links Category:Physics experiments Category:Quantum mechanics


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Mars is the fourth closest planet from the Sun.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Its name is taken from the Roman god of war, Mars.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The planet is often dubbed as the “red planet” because it appears from afar sorrel.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

This is due to the presence of iron (III) oxide on the surface of the planet Mars. [6]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Mars is a rocky planet with a thin atmosphere.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

On the surface of Mars are craters, volcanoes, valleys, deserts, and ice hoods.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The rotation period and season cycle of Mars are similar to those of Earth.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

On Mars stand Olympus Mons, the highest mountain in the Solar System, and Valles Marineris, the largest valley in the Solar System.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In addition, in the northern hemisphere there is the Borealis basin covering 40% of the Martian surface. [7] [8] The Martian environment is more friendly to life than the state of Planet Venus.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

However, the circumstances are not ideal enough for humans.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The fairly low air temperature and low air pressure, coupled with the composition of the air which is mostly carbon dioxide, cause humans to have to use breathing aids if they want to live there.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

These missions to the red planet, until the end of the 20th century, had not found traces of life there, although they were very modest.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The planet has 2 satellites, Phobos and Deimos.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The planet orbits for 687 days in its circumnavigation of the Sun.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The planet is also notated.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The rotation is 25.62 hours.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

On the planet Mars, there is a unique appearance in the Cydonia Mensae area.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

This is a hill that when viewed from above appears as a human face.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Many people consider it a testament to a long time wiped out civilization on Mars, although today, it has been proven that the apparatus is just an ordinary natural appearance.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Physical features of Mars have radii about half of Earth's radius.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

This planet is less dense compared to Earth, and has only about 15% of the volume and 11% of Earth's mass.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Its surface area is smaller than the number of dry regions on Earth. [5]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Mars is larger than Mercury, but Mercury is denser.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

As a result both planets have almost similar gravitational pulls on the surface—and the pull of Mars is stronger by about less than 1%.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The size, mass, and gravity of the Martian surface are “between” Earth and the Moon (the Moon's diameter is only half that of Mars, while Earth is two times; Earth is nine times larger than Mars, and the Moon one by nine).


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The appearance of the red-orange surface of Mars results from the presence of iron (III) oxide, better known as hematite. [9]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Geology Based on orbital observations and examinations of Martian meteorite assemblages, the surface of Mars consists of basalt.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Some evidence suggests that parts of the surface of Mars have silica richer than ordinary basalt, and may be similar to andesite rocks on Earth.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Most of the surface of Mars is coated with iron dust (III) oxide that gives it a red appearance. [10] [11] Currently Mars does not have a global magnetic field, [12] but observations show that some of the planet's crust is magnetized, and a global magnetic field has existed in the past.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

One theory promulgated in 1999 and re-examined in October 2005 (with the help of Mars Global Surveyor) suggests that four billion years ago, the Martian dynamo ceased to function and resulted in its magnetic field disappearing. [13]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

There is also a theory that a very large asteroid once hit Mars and shut down its magnetic field. [14]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The core of Mars, whose radius is estimated at 1,480km, is composed of iron and 14— 17% sulfur.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

This iron sulfide core is liquid.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The layer above the core of Mars is the silicate mantle that forms many tectonic and volcanic objects on Mars, but at the moment the mantle is already dormant.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Above the mantle layer is a crust, whose average thickness is about 50km, and its maximum thickness is 125km. [15]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

At the formation of the Solar System, Mars formed from a protoplanetary disk surrounding the Sun.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

This planet has different chemical characteristics because it is located in the Solar System.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Elements with low boiling points such as chlorine, phosphorus, and sulfur exist in greater quantities than on Earth.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The elements were likely removed from areas close to the Sun by strong young solar winds. [16]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Once formed, the planets went through the time of “Final Heavy Bombardment”.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Explosions from these times can be seen on 60% of the Martian surface. [17] [18] [19] 40% of the Martian surface is part of a basin that resulted from the impact of an object as large as Pluto four billion years ago.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

This basin in the northern hemisphere of Mars stretching for 10,600km is now known as the Borealis basin. [7] [8] [20] [21] The geological history of Mars can be divided into several times, but here are three major times: [16] [22] Noachis Period (named from Noachis Terra): The oldest surface formation Mars, between 4.5 billion and 3.5 billion years ago.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The surface from Noachis's time is filled with huge impact craters.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The Tharsis bulge, a volcanic plateau, is thought to have formed at this time.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

At the end of this time a major flood also occurred.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Hesperian period (named from Hesperia Planum): 3.5 billion years ago to 2.9—3.3 billion years ago.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

This period is characterized by the formation of lava plains.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Amazonis period (named from Amazonis Planitia): 2.9—3.3 billion years ago to present day.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Olympus Mons was formed in this period, and so did another lava flow.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Geological activity is still ongoing on Mars.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Athabasca Valles is a place where lava flows from 200 million years ago.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The flow of water in the Cerberus Fossae graben appeared about 20 million years ago, which is a sign of volcanic intrusion. [23]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

On February 19, 2008, imagery immortalized by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter showed evidence of a landslide on a 700m cliff. [24]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Soil Based on data from Phoenix rides, Martian soil consists of elements such as magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Such nutrients can be encountered in Earth gardens and are important in plant growth. [25]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Experiments conducted by Phoenix rides show that Martian soil has a pH of 8.3, and contains perchlorate salts. [26] [27] left|jmpl|250px|spout at Tharsis Tholus (in the left center of the image).


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Spouts can be encountered throughout Mars.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Often new spouts appear on the steep slopes of craters, troughs, and valleys.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The spout is initially dark in color, and as time passes, the spout becomes increasingly light.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Sometimes the spout appears in a small size, and then expands to hundreds of meters.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The spout also follows the edge of the rock.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Based on the widely accepted theory, the spout represents a layer of dark soil below that appears due to a landslide or dust storm. [28]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

There are also other explanations involving water, and even the growth of organisms. [29] [30] Water hydrology cannot survive on the surface of Mars due to its low atmospheric pressure.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

At the lowest altitudes, water can still survive for a short time. [31] [32] Two ice hoods on Mars are thought to consist of water. [33] [34] If thawed, the volume of water in the south polar ice hood is able to coat the entire surface of the planet to a depth of 11 meters. [35]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The permafrost layer stretches from the poles to 60° latitude. [33]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Large amounts of water ice are thought to be trapped beneath layers of the Martian cryosphere.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Data from the Mars Express and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter indicate the presence of large water ice at both poles (July 2005) [36] [37] and middle latitudes (November 2008). [38]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Phoenix rides directly sampled water ice on Mars on July 31, 2008. [39]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

From the appearance of the surface of Mars it can be seen that water once flowed on the surface of the planet.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Large flood channels called outflow channels [40] can be encountered in 25 places, and are suspected to be signs of erosion during the discharge of water from underground aquifers, although these structures are also thought to have resulted from glaciers or lava. [41] [42] The youngest is thought to have formed about a few million years ago. [43]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Elsewhere, especially in the oldest regions of the Martian surface, a branching network of valleys spreads along the landscape.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The characteristics and spread of the valley suggest that the valley was formed by surface runoff that resulted from rain or snow at the beginning of Martian history.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Subsurface flow and the process of scraping soil from slopes by groundwater present on river banks or hillsides may play additional roles in some networks, but rain is likely a major cause. [44]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

On Mars there are also thousands of apparatus in craters and valley walls similar to trenches.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Such ditches usually exist in the highlands of the southern hemisphere


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Some authors state that the formation process requires water, possibly from melting ice, [45] [46] but some believe that carbon dioxide ice and the movement of dry dust form it. [47] [48] The trenches are very young, may even still be active until now. [46]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Other geological traits, such as deltas and alluvial fans, are used as a basis to support the idea that Mars was initially warmer and wetter. [49]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Such circumstances require the presence of many lakes on the surface, and for that there is mineralogical, sedimentalogical, and geomorphological evidence. [50]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Some authors even state that in the past most of the lowlands in the north constituted oceans, although this is still disputed. [51]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Further evidence that water once existed on the surface of Mars arises from the discovery of some specific minerals such as hematite and goetit, which sometimes form when water exists. [52]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Some evidence previously believed to indicate the existence of ancient basins and water flows has been plagued by high-resolution screenings by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. [53]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In 2004, Opportunity discovered the mineral jarocyte.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

These minerals are only formed if there is acidic water, which suggests that water once existed on Mars. [54]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The Martian polar ice hood has two permanent polar ice hoods.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

During winter at one of the poles, the layer is shrouded by darkness, thereby cooling the surface and causing 25— 30% of the atmosphere to condense into CO2 ice (dry ice). [55]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

As the Sun again illuminates the poles, the frozen CO2 sublimes, resulting in strong winds that sweep across the polar region at speeds of 400km/h.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Those seasonal events transport a lot of dust and water vapor producing frost and large cirrus clouds.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The ice-water cloud was imaged by Opportunity in 2004. [56]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The Martian ice hood consists of water ice.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Frozen carbon dioxide coats it with a thickness of one meter at the north pole in winter; while at the south pole, the dry ice hood is permanent with a thickness of eight meters. [57]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The diameter of the north polar ice hood was recorded at about 1,000 kilometers during the summer, [58] and contains about 1.6 million cubic km of ice. [59]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The south polar ice hood has a diameter of about 350km and a thickness of 3km. [60]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The total volume of ice at the south pole plus its layers is also estimated to be about 1.6 million cubic km. [61]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In both ice hoods there are valets, thought to have formed as a result of the warming of the Sun, coupled with ice collisions and water vapor condensation. [62] [63] Seasonal freezing in some areas near the south polar ice hood resulted in the formation of transparent dry ice up to 1 meter thick above surface.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

As soon as spring comes, the pressure from CO2 cursing lifts and breaks the coating.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

As a result, there was an eruption of CO2 gas mixed with sand or dark basalt dust.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

This process is fast and unusual in Martian geology.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Fast-moving gases beneath the layer to the eruption site produced a spider-like pattern of radial channels beneath the ice. [64] [65] [66] [67] Geography Although remembered for mapping the Moon, Johann Heinrich Mädler and Wilhelm Beer were the first “aerographers”.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

They pioneered that much of the Martian surface was permanent, and determined the planet's rotation period.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In 1840, Mädler blended the results of his observations over ten years and drew the first map of Mars.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Rather than giving names, Beer and Mädler called some places by letters. [68]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Today, the apparatus on Mars is named from a variety of sources.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Approach albedo is named from classical mythology.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The name of a crater larger than 60 km came from scientists, authors, and other figures who helped research Mars.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Craters smaller than 60km are named from towns and villages in the world with population numbers smaller than 100,000.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Large valleys are named from the word mars or stars in various languages, while small valleys from rivers. [69]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Large albedo wear names are retained, but are sometimes renewed to symbolize new knowledge of the nature of such wear.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

For example, Nix Olympica (“Olympus snow”) was changed to Olympus Mons (“Mount Olympus”). [70]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The surface of Mars as seen from Earth is divided into two kinds of regions, with different albedos.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The pale plain coated with dust and sand rich in iron oxide was originally suspected to be the 'continent' of Mars and given names such as Arabia Terra (land of Arabia) or Amazonis Planitia (Amazonian plain).


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Dark wear was previously thought to be a sea, so it is named after Mare Erythraeum, Mare Sirenum and Aurorae Sinus.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The largest dark appearance that can be seen from Earth is Syrtis Major Planum. [71]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The permanent north polar ice hood is named after Planum Boreum, while the south polar ice hood is called Planum Australe.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The equator of Mars was set through its rotation, but the location of its main meridian was determined by capricious setting of points as on Earth; Mädler and Beer chose a line in 1830 for their first Mars map.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

After the Mariner 9 ride presented an image of Mars in 1972, a small crater (later called Airy-0) located in Sinus Meridiani was chosen as the place of longitude 0.0°. [72]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Mars has no oceans so there is no 'sea level'.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The height of zero must be determined, and this is called the areoid [73] of Mars, which is in line with the geoid.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Zero altitude is an altitude whose atmospheric pressure is 610.5Pa (6,105mbar), [74] or about 0.6% of the sea level pressure on Earth (0.006atm). [75]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

This pressure corresponds to the triple point of water.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

His practice the surface is set directly through satellite gravity measurements.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Topography The dichotomy of Martian topography is quite surprising: the northern plains flattened by lava flows are the opposite of the highlands in the south filled with craters due to past crashes.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Research in 2008 has yielded evidence for a postulate proposed in 1980 that the northern hemisphere of Mars is being collapsed by objects with the size of 1/10th to 2/3th the Moon.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

If this is true, then the northern hemisphere of Mars is an impact crater measuring 10,600 x 8,500km, making it the largest impact crater in the Solar System. [7] [8] On Mars there are about 43,000 craters with a diameter of 5km or larger. [76]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Among the largest is the crater Hellas, with a bright albedo visible from Earth. [77]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The mass of Mars is smaller, so the likelihood of the object colliding with the planet is about half that of Earth.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The planet is located closer to the asteroid belt, so the likelihood of being hit by an object from that place increases.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Mars is also more likely to be collapsed by small-period comets, such as those in Jupiter's orbit. [78]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Even so, there are fewer craters on Mars than the Moon because the Martian atmosphere protects it from small meteors.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Some craters have morphology indicating that the ground became wet after the meteor hit. [79]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The tectonic site of the shield volcano Olympus Mons (Mount Olympus) is the highest mountain in the Solar System. [80]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Its height reaches 27km, or triple the height of Mount Everest which is only about 8.8km. [81]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

This already dormant mountain is located in the Tharsis region, which is also the site of the founding of several other large volcanoes.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The great valley of Valles Marineris (in Latin means Mariner Valley, also known by the name Agathadaemon on old canal maps) has a length of about 4,000km and a depth of up to 7km.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The length of the Valles Marineris is equivalent to the length of Europe and unfolds in 1/5 of the Martian circumference.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

By comparison, the Grand Canyon on Earth is just 446km long and the depth is only 2km.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Valles Marineris is formed as a result of swelling of the Tharsis region leading to the collapse of the crust in the Valles Marineris region.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Another major valley is Ma'adim Vallis (Ma'adim in Hebrew means Mars).


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The valley is 700km long, 20km wide, and 2km deep in some places.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

It is likely that Ma'adin Vallis had water in the past. [82]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Cave Imagery from the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) on the Mars Odyssey ride has shown seven cave entrances behind the Arsia Mons volcano. [83]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The caves, named after loved ones of their discoverers, are overall nicknamed “the seven sisters. “[84]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The width of the cave entrance ranges from 100 to 252m.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The caves were believed to be between 73 to 96 m deep.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The light does not reach the bottom of most caves, so it is likely that those caves could be even deeper.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The “Dena” cave is an exception; its base can be seen and its depth is recorded as 130 m.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The interior of the cave may be shielded from micrometeoroids, ultraviolet radiation, bursts of the Sun, and high-energy particles that rain down the planet's surface. [85]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The Martian atmosphere lost its magnetosphere 4 billion years ago, [86] so the solar wind could be directly related to the ionosphere, resulting in a decrease in atmospheric density by peeling atoms from the outer layers. [86] [87] Compared to Earth, the atmosphere on Mars is quite thin.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Atmospheric pressure at the surface ranges from 30 Pa at Olympus Mons to more than 1,155 Pa at Hellas Planitia, with an average pressure at the surface of 600 Pa. [88] Surface pressure on Mars at its strongest time is equal to the pressure that can be encountered at altitudes 35km above Earth's surface. [89]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The scale altitude of the Martian atmosphere is estimated to be about 10.8km, [90] which is higher than Earth's (6km) because the gravity of the Martian surface is only 38% percent of Earth.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The atmosphere of Mars consists of 95% carbon dioxide, 3% nitrogen, 1.6% argon, and contains traces of oxygen and water. [5]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The atmosphere is relatively dusty and contains particulates up to 1.5µm in diameter which gives a brownish-yellow appearance in the Martian sky when viewed from the surface. [91]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Methane has been found in the Martian atmosphere with a mole fraction of about 30ppb. [92] [93] The hydrocarbons appear in broad plumes, and are released in different regions.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In the north in mid-summer, the main plume contained 19,000 metric tons of methane, with a source strength of about 0.6kilograms per second. [94] [95] There are likely to be two local sources: the first centralized near 30°U, 260°B, and the second near 0°, 310° B. [94] It is estimated that Mars produces 270 tons of methane per year. [94] [96] The time span of methane destruction is estimated to be at most four Earth years and at least 0.6 Earth years. [94] [97] This rapid alternation is signs of an active gas source on Mars.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Volcanic activity, comet implosion, and the existence of methanogenic microbial life forms are thought to be the causes.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Methane can also be produced by a non-biological process called serpentinization [b] involving water, carbon dioxide, and olivine minerals. [98]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Climate Among all the planets in the Solar System, Mars is the planet whose seasons most closely resemble Earth.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

This results from the similarity of the tilt of the axes of the two planets.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The length of that season on Mars is about Earth's second time due to Mars' farther distance from the Sun, so the year on Mars is longer (two times Earth).


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Martian surface temperatures range from -87°C in winter at the poles to -5°C in summer. [31]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The extent of this temperature range results from the inability of the thin atmosphere to store the Sun's heat, low atmospheric pressure, and low thermal inertia of the Martian soil. [99]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

If Mars had an orbit like Earth, its seasons would be similar to Earth's because its axis of rotation is similar to Earth's.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The relatively large eccentricity of Mars's orbit exerts great influence.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Mars is near perihelion when it is summer in the southern hemisphere and cold in the north, and near aphelion when it winters in the southern hemisphere adn summer in the north.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

As a result, seasons in the southern hemisphere are more extreme and seasons in the north are milder.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Summer temperatures in the south are 30°C warmer than summer temperatures in the north. [100]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

On Mars there is also the largest dust storm in the Solar System.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Those storms can vary widely, from hurricanes in small regions, to giant storms raging across the planet.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Such storms usually occur when Mars is close to the Sun.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

These dust storms are also increasing global temperatures. [101]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Orbit and rotation The average distance of Mars from the Sun is estimated to be about 230 million km (1.5 SA) and its orbital period 687 days (Earth).


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

That Sun (or sol) day on Mars is about 24 hours, 39 minutes, and 35.244 seconds.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

A Martian year equals 1.8809 Earth years, or 1 year, 320 days, and 18.2 hours. [5]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The tilt of the axis of Mars is about 25.19 degrees, which is similar to the tilt of the Earth's axis. [5]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

As a result the seasons on Mars are similar to Earth's, although the length is doubled because the year is longer.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Currently the orientation of the Martian north pole is close to that of Deneb's star. [102]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Mars has passed its perihelion in April 2009 [103] and its aphelion March2010. [103]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The next perihelion was passed in March 2011 and subsequent aphelion February 2012.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Mars has an orbital eccentricity of about 0.09; among the other seven planets in the Solar System, only Mercury shows great eccentricities.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In the past Mars had a more round orbit than it does now.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

About 1.35 million Earth years ago, Mars had an eccentricity of about 0.002, which is lower than Earth. [104]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The eccentricity cycle of Mars is about 96,000 Earth years when compared to the 100,000-year cycle of planet Earth. [105]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Mars also has a longer eccentricity cycle with a 2.2 million Earth-year period.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Over the past 35,000 years the orbit of Mars has become increasingly eccentric due to the gravitational influence of other planets.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The closest distance between Earth and Mars will continue to diminish over the next 25,000 years. [106]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Martian natural satellites have two relatively small natural satellites, Phobos and Deimos.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Asteroid capture is a supported hypothesis, but the origin of these satellites is still uncertain. [107]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Both satellites were discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall, and named from the figures Phobos (panic/fear) and Deimos (terror) who, in Greek mythology, accompanied their father Ares in battle.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Ares was also known as Mars by the Romans. [108] [109] From the surface of Mars, the movements of Phobos and Deimos appear very different from the Moon on Earth.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Phobos rose in the west, sank in the east, and rose again within 11 hours.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Deimos, which is outside its syncron-orbit which makes its orbital period equal to the planets' rotation period is rising in the east but very quietly.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Although Deimos's orbital period was 30 hours, the satellite took 2.7 days to sink in the West. [110]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Phobos's orbit is below synchronous altitude, so tidal forces from the planet Mars are gradually degrading its orbit.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Within 50 million years the satellite will crash into the surface of Mars or break into a ring structure that circles the planet. [110]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The origin of the two satellites is not widely known.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The low albedo and composition of carbonaceous chondrites in both satellites are thought to be similar to asteroids, thus supporting the capture hypothesis.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Phobos's unstable orbit indicates a capture that has just taken place.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

However, both have round orbits and are very close to the equator; they are unusual for captured objects and the capture dynamics required for it are complex.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Growth at the beginning of Mars' history is also possible, but the hypothesis does not explain a composition more similar to an asteroid than Mars itself.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The third possibility is the involvement of a third object or some kind of collision. [111]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Recent evidence suggests Phobos has a porous inner. [112]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In addition, its composition consists of phylosilicates and other minerals known to originate from Mars. [113]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

These evidences support the hypothesis that Phobos was formed from material derived from a collision on Mars, [114] which is similar to the hypothesis regarding the origin of the Moon.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Although the VNIR spectra of Martian satellites are similar to asteroids, the thermal infrared spectra of Phobos are reported to be inconsistent with chondrites of any group. [113]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Life Based on understanding the habitability of planets, planets that have water on the surface are habitable planets.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

To achieve this, a planet's orbit must be within the habitable zone.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In the Solar System, the zone extends from after Venus to the semi-major shaft of Mars. [115]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

During perihelion Mars gets into this region, but its thin atmosphere prevents water from surviving for a long time.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Former water flows in the past indicate the potential for Martian occupancy.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Some recent evidence gave rise to the idea that water on the surface of Mars would be too acidic and saline, making it difficult to support life. [116]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The lack of a magnetosphere and the thinness of the Martian atmosphere is a challenge.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

On the surface of the planet there is not much heat transfer happening.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The attachment to solar wind is low, while Mars' atmospheric pressure is insufficient to sustain water in liquid form.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The planet is also almost, or even completely, geologically dead; the end of volcanic activities led to the cessation of chemical and mineral reconciliation between the surface and the interior of the planet. [117]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Evidence suggests that the planet was once more habitable than it is today, but it is still unknown whether living organisms ever existed or not.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Viking rides in the mid-1970s brought experiments designed to find microorganisms in Martian soil.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The experiment yielded positive results, including a temporary increase in CO2 at the time of exposure with water and nutrients.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Signs of life are still contended by some scientists.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

NASA scientist Gilbert Levin confirmed that the Vikings had discovered life.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Re-analysis of Viking data has shown that the Viking experiment was not cutting-edge enough to find life.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The experiment could even kill a life. [118]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Experiments conducted by Phoenix rides show that Martian soil has a highly alkaline pH, and contains magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride. [119]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Soil nutrients can support life, but life must still be protected from ultraviolet rays. [120]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In the Johnson Space Center laboratory, remarkable forms have been discovered in the Martian meteorite ALH84001.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Some scientists propose that the geometric shape may be a Martian microbe that had been fossilized before the meteorite was catapulted into space by a meteor collision 15 million years ago.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The inorganic origin of such forms has also been proposed. [121]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The methane and formaldehyde recently discovered by Mars orbiters are claimed to be signs of life, as those chemical compounds will soon disappear in the Martian atmosphere. [122] [123] It is possible that the compounds were generated by volcanic and geological activity, such as serpentinization. [124 ]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Exploring Dozens of spacewalks have been sent to Mars by the Soviet Union, the United States, several European countries, and Japan, with the aim of researching the planet's surface, climate, and geology.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In 2008, the cost of shipping goods from Earth's surface to Mars was estimated at $309,000 per kilogram. [125]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Rides currently currently active on Mars (2011) are the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (since 2006), Mars Express (since 2003), Mars Odyssey 2001 (since 2001), Opportunity (since 2004), and Curiosity (since 2012).


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The recently completed missions are Mars Global Surveyor (1997—2006) and Spirit (2004—2010).


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Roughly 2/3 of the spacecraft aimed at Mars have failed in their missions.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In the 21st century failures are less common. [124]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Mission failures usually result from technical problems, such as failure or loss of communication or draft errors, which often result from lack of funding or mission executor inability. [124]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The failure has led to the rise of satire blaming the “Bermuda Triangle” among Earth-Martians, the “Curse” of Mars, or the “Giant Galactic Demon” (Great Galactic Ghoul) eating Martian spacecraft. [124]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Recently failed missions for example are Beagle 2 (2003), Mars Climate Orbiter (1999), and Mars 96 (1996).


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The previous Mars mission was first chipped on July 14—15, 1965 by the Mariner 4 ride.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

On November 14, 1971, Mariner 9 became the first spacecraft to orbit another planet. [126]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The first objects to successfully land on the Martian surface were two Soviet rides: Mars 2 on November 27 and Mars 3 on December 2, 1971, but both lost communication after landing.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In 1975 NASA launched the Viking program consisting of two orbiters, and each had a lander; both landers successfully reached the surface in 1976.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Viking 1 remained in service for six years, while Viking 2 for three years.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The Viking lander sent a colorful image of Mars, [127] and the orbiter mapped the surface so well that the images are still used today.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Soviet rides Phobos 1 and 2 were sent to Mars in 1988 to research Mars and its two moons.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Phobos 1 lost communication en route to Mars.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Phobos 2 successfully imaged Mars and Phobos, but suffered a failure when it was about to remove its two landers onto the surface of Phobos. [128]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Following the failure of the Mars Observer orbiter in 1992, the Mars Global Surveyor mission successfully reached Mars orbit in 1997.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The mission was successful and had completed its primary mapping mission by early 2001.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

NASA lost contact with the rides in November 2006 at the time of its third extended program.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The Mars Pathfinder, transporting the robotic explorer vehicle Sojourner, landed at Ares Vallis in the summer of 1997 and sent back a lot of imagery. [129]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The Phoenix lander ride arrived in the north polar region of Mars on May 25, 2008. [130]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Its robotic arm was used to excavate Martian soil and the presence of water ice had been ascertained on June 20. [131] [132] The mission closed on November 10, 2008 after losing contact. [133]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The current mission NASA's Mars Odyssey orbiter entered Mars orbit in 2001. [134]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The Gamma Ray Odyssey spectrometer discovered hydrogen thought to be contained in Martian water ice. [135]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The European Space Agency's (ESA) launched Mars Express mission reached Mars in 2003.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The rides carried the Beagle 2 lander, which suffered a failure during a descent and was declared lost in February 2004. [136]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Early in 2004, the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer team announced that orbiters had discovered methane in the Martian atmosphere.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

ESA announced the discovery of auroras on Mars in June 2006. [137]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In January, 2004, two NASA explorer rides, Spirit (MER-A) and Opportunity (MER-B), landed on the surface of Mars.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Both have achieved or exceeded their mission objectives.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

One of the most important scientific discoveries is evidence of the existence of water in the past at the landing places of both rides.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Dust and wind storms have cleared the solar panels of both rides, so the length of their lives increases. [138]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft arrived in Mars orbit on March 10, 2006 to conduct two years of scientific research.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The orbiter will map the land and weather of Mars with the aim of finding a viable landing site for the lander's next mission.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

MRO successfully imaged a landslide at the Martian north pole on March 3, 2008. [139]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The Dawn spacecraft flew past Mars in February 2009 for gravity assistance on its journey to 4 Vesta and 1 Ceres. [140]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The joint Russian-Chinese mission, Phobos-Grunt, has been launched on November 9, 2011 with the aim of taking an example on Phobos.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

However, this mission failed because its rocket burn suffered a failure, leaving Phobos-Grunt stranded in low-Earth orbit. [141]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

NASA's Rover Curiosity mission successfully landed on Mars.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The Curiosity rover is treading foot on Planet Mars after a powered rocket brought down the landing system's lift.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Mars Science Laboratory's US$2.5 billion tangible rover 6x6 the size of a car successfully landed on Planet Mars 3:32pm AEST to cheers at the Spaceflight Operations Facility in California. [142]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

On November 18, 2008, the MAVEN robotic mission was successfully launched by NASA using an Atlas V 401 rocket. [143]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The ride is expected to enter Mars orbit in September 2014. [144]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Forward mission The Finnish-Russian mission, MetNet, will land several small vehicles on Mars to set up a network of observations that are about to research the atmospheric structure, physics, and meteorology of Mars. [145]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

A predecessor mission using one or several landers is scheduled for launch in 2014. [146]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

ESA's manned mission plan wants to send humans to Mars between 2030 to 2035. [147]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

This will be preceded by larger rides, which begin with the launch of ExoMars [148] and the joint NASA-ESA mission to take examples. [149]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Manned exploration is a long-term goal of the United States space exploration vision announced in 2004 by President George W. Bush. [150] The Orion spacecraft will be used to send humans to the Moon by 2020 as a springboard for Mars expeditions.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

On September 28, 2007, Michael D. Griffin stated that NASA hoped to send humans to Mars by 2037. [151]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Mars Direct, a low-cost mission proposed by Robert Zubrin (founder of the Mars Society), would use Saturn V class rockets such as the Space X Falcon X, or Ares V, to bypass orbital construction, rendezvous in low-Earth orbit, and Moon fuel depots.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Meanwhile the “Mars to Stay” proposal proposes not to directly repatriate the first astronauts. [152]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Astronomy on Mars With various orbiters, landers, and explorers, we can study astronomy from the Martian sky.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Although Pohobs looks like 1/3 the angular diameter of the full Moon on Earth, Deimos looks like a star, and is only slightly brighter than Venus appears from Earth's heavens. [153]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

There are also some well-known phenomena on Earth that also exist on Mars, such as meteors and auroras. [137]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The Earth Transit will occur on November 10, 2084. [154]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Transit of Mercury and Venus also took place. [155] [156] Observations Because the orbit of Mars is eccentric, the magnitude can apparently vary between −3.0 to −1.4.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Its minimum brightness was recorded at +1.6. [157]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Mars usually appears yellow, orange, or reddish. [158]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

When the position is less precise, Mars will not be visible because it is covered by the greedy of the Sun.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

When the observation time is good — that is at 15- or 17-year intervals, and always between late July to late September — the surface of Mars can be seen.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Even its polar ice hood can be seen despite its low telescope magnification. [159]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

As Mars approaches opposition, a period of backward motion begins.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The planet would appear to be moving in the reverse direction.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

This period lasts for 72 days, and by this mid-motion, Mars will reach its maximum brightness. [160]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Nearest Distance Relative In the oppositional period, Mars was at its relative closest distance to Earth.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The distance varies between 54 [161] to 103millionkm due to the elliptical orbit of Mars. [162]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The last Mars opposition occurred on January 29, 2010, and will take place again on March 3, 2012 at a distance of 100millionkm. [163]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The average time between Martian oppositions (synodic period) is 780 days. [164]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Absolute On 27 August 2003 at 9:51:13 UT, Mars was at its closest position to Earth, which was 55,758,006km (0.372719 SA).


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

At that time Mars was being one day from its opposition and three days from its perihelion.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The event was previously thought to have occurred on September 12, 57,617 BC, and would next take place in 2287. [165]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

This position is only slightly closer than other nearby positions.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

For example, the closest distance on August 22, 1924 was recorded at 0.37285 SA, and the closest distance on August 24, 2208 was estimated at 0.37279 SA. [105]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In cyberspace, an e-mail stating that Mars will be at its closest position and appear to be as big as the Moon has spread.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Those emails are just hoaxes. [166]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The history of observations The existence of Mars in the night sky has been recorded by Egyptian astronomers.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

By 1534 BC, they had understood the planet's forward and forth motion. [167]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Meanwhile Babylonian astronomers had noted the position and behavior of the planet Mars. [168] [169] In the 4th century BC, Aristotle noted that Mars disappeared behind the Moon, thus indicating that the planet was further away. [170]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Literature from Ancient China ensures that Mars has been known to Chinese astronomers since the 4th century BC. [171]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In the 5th century BC, the Indian astronomic text Surya Siddhanta estimated the diameter of Mars. [172]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

During the 17th century, Tycho Brahe measured the diurnal parallax of Mars, which Johannes Kepler further used to calculate the relative distance to the planet. [173]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

When the telescope was in place, the diurnal parallax of Mars was re-measured to determine the Sun—Earth distance.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

It was first performed by Giovanni Domenico Cassini in 1672.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Initial parallax measurements were hampered by the quality of the measurement apparatus. [174]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In 1610, Mars was observed by Galileo Galilei, who was the first to see it through a telescope. [175]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The first figure to draw a map of Mars was Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens. [176]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In culture The planet is named from the Roman god of war, Mars.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In other civilizations, Mars is the epitome of virility and youthfulness.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The coat of arms of Mars is also used as a male gender emblem


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

“Intelligent Martians” In 1877, Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli used a 22cm long telescope to create the first detailed map of Mars.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

On the map there is an appearance called canali.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Canali is a long line on the surface of Mars.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The term, meaning “channel”, is often translated to “canal”. [177] [178] Percival Lowell was affected by such observations and published several books on Mars and its life. [179]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

He wrote that the “canal” was built by civilizations trying to drain water from the ice hood at the poles. [180]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

As a result, the idea that Mars was inhabited by an intelligent civilization became widespread. [181]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Currently, high-resolution mapping shows no signs of the existence of intelligent life on the surface of Mars.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The observed “Canali” was shown to be only an optical illusion.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

However, speculation regarding intelligent life on Mars continues.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In 1898, H. G. Wells wrote the novel The War of the Worlds, which revolves around the Martians who attempt to escape their dead planet by invading Earth.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

His radio adaptation of the same title was broadcast on October 30, 1938 by Orson Welles, which caused panic as many listeners thought it was real. [182]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Another notable example of work is The Martian Chronicles written by Ray Bradbury.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The novel is about a human traveler who accidentally destroys the Martian civilization.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

In addition, there is also the Barsoom series by Edgar Rice Burroughs, Out of the Silent Planet (1938) by C. S. Lewis, [183] and stories written by Robert A. Heinlein before the middle of the 1960s. [184] Author Jonathan Swift has called the moons of Mars about 150 years before the months it was discovered by Asaph Hall.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

He described the orbits of those moons quite accurately in his novel Gulliver's Travels. [185]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

After the Mariner and Viking programs showed images of Mars dry and devoid of life, early speculations began to be abandoned.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Works depicting Mars manifestly and accurately are evolving.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Among the most famous is Kim Stanley Robinson's Mars trilogy. [186]


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

The theme of the Martian colony fighting for its independence is a major plot in the novel by Greg Bear, and also the film Total Recall as well as the television series Babylon 5.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Some video games also wear such elements, such as Red Faction and Zone of the Enders.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

See also Mars Colonization Darian Calendar Footnotes Outside links at Curlie from NASA History Office.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

—Comparison of Earth and Mars -Anaglif Mars Explorers (3D) —a devoted international organization for research, exploration, and settlement of Mars.


Question: What are the substances contained on the planet Mars?

Mars

Category:Planets in the Solar System


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Rock and roll (often written as rock 'n' roll) was a musical genre that flourished in the United States at the end of the 1940s, and reached a peak of popularity by the beginning of the 1950s. From the United States, this genre of music spread throughout the world.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Rock and roll spawned a wide variety of subgenres that are overall known as rock music.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The hallmark of rock and roll is in the beat (beat) which is usually combined with lyrics.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Rock and roll uses a beat that is based one of the rhythms of blues music called boogie woogie plus a backbeat accent that almost always filled snare drum punches.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The classic version of rock and roll is played with one or two electric guitars, an electric bas guitar, and a drum set.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Kibor devices are often played as auxiliary musical instruments.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

When played with two electric guitars, an electric guitar played to give a melody is called a lead guitar, while a guitar to give rhythm and harmony is called a rhythm guitar.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The saxophone was often used as a melodic instrument in the early rock and roll style of the 1950s, but was replaced in its role by electric guitar in the middle of the 1950s. In the late 1940s, early forms of rock and roll even wore the piano as a melodic instrument.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

One of the forerunners of rock and roll was boogie woogie music with piano as melody, much like the musical playing of various big band groups that dominated the American music world of the 1940s decade. The mass and worldwide popularity of rock and roll turned out to cause unexpected social repercussions.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Rock and roll affects not only musical style, but at the same time lifestyle, dress style and language.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

In addition to success in the world of music, the stars in the early period of rock and roll were also successful in the world of film and television.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Elvis Presley, for example, was a successful rock and roll star as a film and television star.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The slang term “rock and roll” is often used by people of color to call “sex”.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Female singer Trixie Smith first used the term “rock and roll” in the song “My Baby Rocks Me With One Steady Roll” circulated in 1922.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The origins of Rock and roll began to emerge as a new style in music in America at the end of the 1940s as a branching of country and western music the cultural product of white Americans, and rhythm and blues (R&B) music which was a cultural product of African-Americans.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Elements of rock and roll can actually already be heard on country songs of the 1930s and blues songs from the 1920s. Nevertheless, this new genre of music was not called “rock and roll” until in the 1950s. An early form of rock and roll was rockabilly which blended elements of R&B, blues, jazz, and influenced Appalachia folk music as well as gospel music.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

When traced even further, the forerunner of rock and roll music can be found in the slum area of Five Points, New York city in the mid-19th century.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

In the area for the first time there was a mingling of rhythmic African dance with European music, in particular music for jig folk dance of highly melodic Irish origin.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Black gospel singers from the Southern regions of the United States use the term “rocking” to call something similar to the process of rapture that a believer will experience in the end times.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The term “rocking” in the late 1940s decade became a double meaning, “dancing” as well as “sex”, as in the lyrics of the song “Good Rocking Tonight” performed by blues musician Roy Brown.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Songs like this are usually played only radio stations broadcasting the music of African-Americans and are rarely heard among people of color.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

In the decades of the 1920s and 1930s, white people in America loved white musicians who played jazz and blues music belonging to African-Americans.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The same music but when played black musicians often do not get a welcome.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Black R&B musicians who are loved by white people are only a few, among whom the standouts are Louis Jordan, the Mills Brothers, and The Ink Spots.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

While new songs have not been created much, hit songs at the beginning of the rock and roll era were many re-recordings of previously known R&B or blues songs.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The blues music genre later continued to provide inspiration for rock musicians.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Delta blues style blues musicians such as Robert Johnson and Skip James served as inspiration for British rock musicians The Yardbirds, Cream, and Led Zeppelin.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

In 1951, Alan Freed, a DJ in Cleveland, Ohio began spinning the kind of music he estimated that listeners from different circles and races could like.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Alan Freed is touted as the man who first used the term “rock and roll” for ecstatic, energetic R&B music.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

While working as a DJ at radio station WJW in Cleveland, Alan Freed held his first ever rock and roll concert.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The concert was held March 21, 1952 and was named “The Moondog Coronation Ball”.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The event was attended by an audience that was mostly African-American, but had to end as it had just begun because the audience was unusually dense.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

After his first successful concert, Alan Freed continued to hold various rock and roll shows that many people of color and white watched.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Performances like these helped the spread of African-American musical styles in various circles.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Music observers often argue over the musician rightfully noted as the first rock and roll record maker.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Sister Rosetta Tharpe already recorded music full of shouts and bangs in the 1930s and 1940s. His musical style is similar to the hallmark of rock and roll in the middle of the 1950s. Sister Rosetta already topped the pop charts in 1938 with rhythmic gospel songs such as “This Train” and “Rock Me”, as well as continuing in the 1940s with “Strange Things Happenin Every Day”, “Up Above My Head”, and “Down By The Riverside”.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Another musician who sang gospel/blues songs with boogie piano accompaniment was Big Joe Turner with “Roll 'em Pete”.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The song was recorded in 1939, but is almost-virtually indistinguishable by the rock and roll style of the 1950s. Artists who released rock and roll similar recordings in the decades of the 1940s and early 1950s, among them: Roy Brown (“Good Rocking Tonight”, in 1947), Paul Bascomb (“Rock and Roll”, 1947), Fats Domino (“The Fat Man,” 1949), Big Joe Turner (“Honey, Hush”, 1953, and “Shake, Rattle and Roll”, 1954), as well as Les Paul and Mary Ford (“How High the Moon,” 1951).


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

A 2004 Rolling Stone magazine article stated Elvis Presley's first Sun Records-produced single titled “That's All Right (Mama)” was the first ever rock and roll recording. [1].


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Meanwhile, the hit songs “Bo Diddley” and “I'm A Man” by Bo Diddley are said to be pioneering a new stomping beat, as well as introducing a unique way of playing guitar and becoming an inspiration for other musicians.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The song “Rock Around the Clock” by Bill Haley was the first rock and roll song to top the Billboard magazine charts for sales figures and number of playback songs (airplay) on radio.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Bill Haley opened the door to a new wave of pop culture called rock and roll.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Other musicians who created hit songs in the early period of rock and roll were Chuck Berry, Little Richard, and a doo-wop-style vocal group.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Meanwhile, in the world of pop music, singers who have been stars since the previous decade, for example, Eddie Fisher, Perry Como, and Patti Page.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

In the early period of rock and roll, they began to meet difficulties placing pop songs on the charts as a result of obstructing rock and roll songs.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Rock and roll music and boogie woogie both use one bar (birama) eight-tap and equally play 12-bar blues chord progressions.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

However, rock and roll puts more emphasis on the backbeat than boogie woogie.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Little Richard blends boogie-woogie piano with a heavy backbeat and sings it with a shouting voice as a result of affected gospel music singing style.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Musicians such as Ray Charles and Smokey Robinson praised Little Richard's singing style which he said brought new color to music.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

James Brown praised Little Richard as the musician who first incorporated elements of funk music into the rock and roll beat.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Elvis Presley also called Little Richard a source of inspiration.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Nevertheless, the fusion of musical elements like Little Richard did is nothing new.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Before Little Richard, there were many musicians who did the same, such as Esquerita, Cecil Gant, Amos Milburn, Piano Red, and Harry Gibson.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Little Richard's wild style of shouting and calling for “wuuu wuuu,” actually already used Marion Williams and many more female gospel singers in the 1940s. Roy Brown had also been chanting “yoooooww” long before Richard did so in the song “Ain't No Rockin no More”.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The early period of North American rock and roll (1953—1963) Rock and roll emerged in a time when racial tensions in the United States were arising to the surface.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

African-Americans began protesting racial segregation in schools and public facilities.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

At that time, rock and roll that blended elements of white people's music and elements of African-American music also did not escape censure.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected the doctrine of separate but equal (separate but parallel) and since then began the struggle for equal rights of people of color in the United States.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Louis Jordan and His Tympany Five referred to the term “rock and roll” in a version of the song “Tamburitza Boogie” recorded August 18, 1950 in New York city.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Before Louis Jordan, other musicians also already used the term “rock and roll” on their recordings, for example “Rock and Roll Blues” recorded by Erline Harris.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

By 1948, Wild Bill Moore had already recorded a song titled “Rock And Roll”, as did Paul Bascomb who used the same title in 1947 for different song material.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

By 1922, Trixie Smith had even already written a song called “My Man Rocks Me with One Steady Roll.”


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

In 1916, the word “rock and roll” was already being touted in the song “The Camp Meeting Jubilee” recorded by artists under the Little Wonder record label.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The lyrics of the song sung by the singers read, “We've been rocking and rolling in your arms, in the arms of Moses”.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

A DJ named Alan Freed (aka Moondog) held his first ever rock and roll concert on March 21, 1952 in Cleveland.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The concert, named “The Moondog Coronation Ball” was attended by audiences and musicians without knowing the difference in skin color.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The concert was forced to disband after only one song was performed on stage because the situation got out of control.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Thousands of fans attempted to urge entry to the arena whose tickets had already sold out.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The concert opened the eyes of the recording industry to the existence of white people's interest in black people's music, and this interest was not limited to the genre of rhythm and blues music alone.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Race hurdles and prejudice that are still strong in the US have turned out to be unable to overcome the power of the market economy.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Rock and roll was a great success in the United States, its waves carried over the Atlantic Ocean to England and spawned the British Invasion music movement in 1964.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

From the beginning of the 1950s to the early 1960s, rock and roll music gave birth to a new style of dance.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Youngsters felt the unmonotonous backbeat rhythm of rock and roll was perfect for reviving the jitterbug-style dance that was briefly popular in the big band era.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The fever of home-grown dance parties and sock-hops dancing in the gymnastics room plagued America's teens.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

A dozen years old faithfully followed the American Bandstand music show that Dick Clark performed on television in order to keep up with the most up-to-date dance moves and fashion styles.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Since the middle of the 1960s, the term “rock and roll” became fairly called “rock”.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Since then successively appeared various dance genres, ranging from twist, funk, disco, to house and techno.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Rockabilly In 1954, Elvis Presley recorded the hit song “That's All Right (Mama)” at Sam Phillips' Sun studio in Memphis.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Elvis blended elements of rock and country-western music called rockabilly.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The hallmark of rockabilly is the vocal style like people choking singing, betotan bas, and guitar playing like being convulsed.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Elvis was the first rock musician to achieve superstar status.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The following year, Bill Haley & His Comets with the hit song “Rock Around the Clock” seemed to speed up the tempo of the dissemination of rock and roll music.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The song became one of the biggest hit songs in music history.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Children of a dozen years hysterically stormed the concerts of Bill Haley and the Comets until riots broke out in several cities.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The song “Rock Around the Clock” was even served as the opening song in the movie Blackboard Jungle which marked the beginning of mutually beneficial cooperation between the world of film and rock and roll music.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

After the film was released in 1955, the recording of “Rock Around the Clock” ran hard, whereas sales of this song were mediocre when new recordings were circulated in 1954.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The song “Rock Around the Clock” was the first rock and roll song to reach the top of the charts in the United States for several weeks, as well as a road opener for other songs in the rock and roll genre.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

In countries such as Britain, Australia, and Germany, the song received great reception among young people.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

In Australia, record company Festival Records circulated the single “Rock Around the Clock” and it became Australia's best-selling record at that time.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

In 1957, Jerry Lee Lewis and Buddy Holly became the first rock musicians to tour Australia.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

These events marked the expansion of rock and roll as a global phenomenon.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

That same year, Bill Haley co-toured Europe and introduced rock 'n' roll in continental Europe.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Re-recordings Throughout the late 1940s and early 1950s, the R&B music world tinged a stronger beat and a wilder style.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

This musical style is represented by musicians such as Fats Domino and Johnny Otis.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The tempo was accelerated and the number of punches on the backbeat was augmented until eventually their music became popular in drinking houses called juke joints.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Before the existence of Alan Freed and his streamlined DJs, black people's music was still taboo for white people's radio stations.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Nevertheless, savvy musicians and record producers began to realize the potential of rock and roll music as a lucrative business ground, and were vying to bring out songs black people played by whites.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

On the other hand, white musicians became in love with this type of music and wherever possible played it at every opportunity.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

Hit songs in Elvis's early period, such as “That's All Right”, “Baby, Let's Play House”, “Lawdy Miss Clawdy”, and “Hound Dog” were songs that people in black once performed.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

In those days, white musicians were crowded to re-record songs once performed by black musicians.


Question: What are the hallmarks of Rock and roll music?

Rock and roll

The opportunity to re-record (cover version) is wide open with an additional article of Compulsory License (compulsory license) in the United States Copyright Law.