Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

For example, Carbon has an atomic mass of 12 u, so one mole of atomic carbon has a mass of 0.012kg. [56]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The size of the Atom has no obvious outer limitation, so the dimension of an atom is usually described as the distance between two atomic nuclei when two atoms are joined together in a chemical bond.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

These radii vary depending on the type of atom, the type of bond involved, the number of surrounding atoms, and the spin of the atom. [60]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

On the periodic table of the elements, the radius of atoms will tend to increase as the period increases (top to bottom).


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

On the contrary, atomic radii will tend to increase with decreasing group numbers (right to left). [61]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Therefore, the smallest atom is helium with a radius of 32pm, when the largest is sesium with a radius of 225pm. [62]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

These dimensions are thousands of times smaller than light waves (400—700nm), so atoms cannot be seen using ordinary optical microscopes.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

However, atoms can be monitored using atomic force microscopy.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The size of the atoms is very small, so small the width of a strand of hair can hold about 1 million carbon atoms. [63]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

One drop of water also contains about 2 oxygen atoms. [64]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

A one-carat diamond with a mass of 2kg contains about 1022 carbon atoms. [note 2] If an apple is enlarged to the size of the Earth, then the atoms in that apple will look as large as the size of the initial apple. [65]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The radioactive decay of Ka|300px|jmpl|This diagram shows the half-life (T½) of several isotopes with the number of protons Z and the number of protons N (in units of seconds).


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Each element has one or more unstable nucleated isotopes that will undergo radioactive decay, causing the core to release particles or electromagnetic radiation.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Radioactivity can occur when the radius of the core is very large compared to the radius of strong force (only acting at a distance of about 1 fm). [66]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The most common forms of radioactive decay are: [67] [68] Alpha decay, occurring when a nucleus emits alpha particles (helium nuclei consisting of two protons and two neutrons).


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The result of this decay is a new element with a smaller atomic number.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Beta decay, governed by a weak force, and produced by the transformation of neutrons into protons, or protons into neutrons.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Transformation of a neutron into a proton will be followed by the emission of one electron and one antineutrino, when the transformation of a proton into a neutron is followed by the emission of one positron and one neutrino.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Electron emission or positron emission is referred to as beta particle.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Beta decay can increase as well as decrease the atomic number of the nucleus by one.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The decay of the gama, produced by a change in the core energy cedar to a lower state, causes the emission of electromagnetic radiation.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

This can occur after the emission of alpha or beta particles from radioactive decay.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Other rarer types of radioactive decay include the release of neutrons and protons from the core, the emission of more than one beta particle, or decay resulting in the production of high-speed electrons that are not beta rays, and the production of high-energy photons that are not gama rays Each radioactive isotope has a characteristic decay period (half-life) which is the length of time required by half the number of samples to decay out.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The decay process is exponential, so that after two half-lives, only 25% of the isotope will remain. [66]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Magnetic moment Each elementary particle has intrinsic quantum mechanics properties known as spin.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Analogical spin with the angular momentum of an object rotating at its center of mass, although rigidly the particle does not behave this way.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Spin is measured in units of reduced Planck fixation (), with electrons, protons, and neutrons all having a ½, or “spin-½” spin.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

In atoms, electrons that move around the atomic nucleus in addition to having spin also have orbital angular momentum, when the atomic nucleus has angular momentum due to its own nuclear spin. [69]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The magnetic field produced by an atom (called the magnetic moment) is determined by this combination of various kinds of angular momentum.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

However, the greatest contribution nonetheless comes from spin.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Because electrons obey the principle of Pauli exclusion, that is, no two electrons can be found in the same quantum state, electron pairs bound to each other have opposite spins, with one spinning up, and the other spinning down.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

These two opposite spins will neutralize each other, so that their total magnetic dipole moment becomes zero in some atoms totaling even electrons. [70]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

In odd-electron atoms such as iron, the presence of an unpaired electron causes the atom to be ferromagnetic.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The atomic orbitals around the perimeter of those atoms lap each other and a decrease in the energy state is achieved when the unpaired electron spins are arranged together.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

This process is referred to as exchange interaction.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

When the magnetic moments of ferromagnetic atoms are arrayed, the material composed by these atoms can produce detectable macroscopic fields.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Paramagnetic materials have atoms with randomly arranged magnetic moments, so no magnetic field is generated.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

However, the magnetic moment of each individual atom will be arranged in a row when given a magnetic field. [70] [71] The atomic nucleus can also have spin.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Usually the core spins are arranged randomly by due to thermal equilibrium.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

However, for certain elements (such as xenon-129), it is possible to significantly colarize the nuclear spin state so that those spin-spins are lapped in the same direction.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

This condition is referred to as hyperpolarization.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

This phenomenon has important applications in magnetic resonance imaging. [72] [73] The energy currents When an electron is bound to an atom, it has a potential energy inversely proportional to the distance of the electron to the nucleus.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

It is measured by the magnitude of the energy required to release an electron from an atom and is usually expressed with units of electronvolts (eV).


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

In the model of quantum mechanics, bound electrons can occupy only a set of nuclear-centered states, and each state corresponds to a certain energy level.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The lowest energy state of a bound electron is called the ground state, when the higher energy state is referred to as the excited state. [74]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

In order for an electron to jump from one state to another, it must absorb or emit photons at energies corresponding to the difference in potential energy between the two cedes.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The energy of the emitted photon is proportional to its frequency. [75]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Each element has its own characteristic spectrum.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

It depends on the charge of the nucleus, the subpetals filled with electrons, electromagnetic interactions between electrons, and other factors. [76]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

When a continuous spectrum of energy is emitted through a gas or plasma, several photons are absorbed by atoms, causing electrons to move energy cedars.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The excited electron will spontaneously emit this energy as a photon and fall back to the lower energy cedars.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Therefore, atoms behave like filter materials that will form a line of absorption bands.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Spectroscopic measurements of the strength and width of the spectrum band permit the determination of the composition and physical properties of a substance. [77]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Careful monitoring of the lines of the spectrum suggests that some expose a subtle separation.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

This occurs due to spin-orbit coupling which is the interaction between the spin with the motion of the outermost electrons. [78]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

When an atom is in an external magnetic field, the lines of the spectrum separate into three or more components.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

This is referred to as the Zeeman effect.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The Zeeman effect is caused by the interaction of the magnetic field with the magnetic moment of the atom and its electronics.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Some atoms can have many electron configurations with the same energy cedars, so they will appear as a single line of the spectrum.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The interaction of the magnetic field with atoms will shift the electron configurations towards slightly different energy cedars, causing multiple spectrum lines. [79]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The existence of an external electric field can cause splitting and shifting lines of the spectrum by changing the energy cedars of electrons.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

This phenomenon is referred to as the Stark effect. [80]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Valence and bonding behavior The petals or outermost electron shell of an atom in an uncombined state are referred to as valence petals and electrons in the petal are called valence electrons.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The number of valence electrons determines the bonding behavior of that atom with other atoms.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Atoms tend to react with each other through charging (or emptying) of the atom's outermost valence electrons. [81]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Chemical bonding can be viewed as the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, as monitored in sodium chloride and other ionic salts.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

However, many elements exhibit multiple valence behavior, or the tendency to divide electrons by different quantities on different compounds.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Thus, the chemical bonds between these elements tend to be electron division rather than electron transfer.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Examples include elemental carbon in organic compounds. [82]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Chemical elements are often shown in the periodic table displaying the chemical properties of a patterned element.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Elements with the same number of valence electrons are verticely grouped (called groups).


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The elements in the right-hand part of the table have their outer petals fully charged, causing the elements to tend to be inert (noble gases). [83] [84] A number of atoms are found in a state of matter that varies depending on the physical condition of the object, namely temperature and pressure.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

By changing these conditions, matter can be transformed into solid, liquid, gaseous, and plasma forms. [85]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

In each of these circumstances, the material can have various phases.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

For example in solid carbon, it can be graphite or diamond. [86]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

At temperatures near absolute zero, atoms can form Bose-Einstein condensate, where quantum mechanics effects that are normally only monitored at the atomic scale are monitored macroscopically. [87] [88]<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[56704,56713,2,2]}'>This collection of passing-cooled atoms behaves like one super atom. [89]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Identification of Ka|250px|JMPL|Paypayaran microscope image showing individual atoms on a gold surface (100).


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Scanning tunneling microscope is a microscope used to view the surface of an object at the atomic level.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

This tool uses a quantum trailing phenomenon that allows particles to penetrate the normally impassable barrier.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

An atom can be ionized by releasing one of its electronics.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The existing charge causes the atomic trayectory to curve when it goes through a magnetic field.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The radius of the trayectory of such ions is determined by the atomic mass.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Mass spectrometers use this principle to calculate the mass to charge ratio of ions.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

If the sample contains a number of isotopes, the mass spectrometer can determine the proportion of each isotope by measuring the intensity of different ion beams.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Techniques for atomic vaporization include inductive-coupled plasma atomic-emission spectroscopy (inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, ICP-AES) and inductive-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, ICP-MS), both using plasma to vaporize sample analysis. [90]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Another more selective method is electron energy loss spectroscopy, which measures the energy release of an electron beam in a transmission electron microscope when it interacts with a sample.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Atomic quar tomography has sub-nanometer resolution in 3-D and can chemically identify individual atoms using cross-time mass spectrometry. [91]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The spectrum of excited states can be used to analyze the atomic composition of distant stars.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Certain wavelengths of light emitted by stars can be separated and matched by quantized transitions of free gas atoms.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The color of the star can then be replicated using a gas discharge lamp containing the same element. [92]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Helium on the Sun was discovered in this way 23 years before it was discovered on Earth. [93]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The origin and present condition of Atoms occupy about 4% of the total energy density present within the monitored universe, with an average density of about 0.25atoms/m3. [94]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

In the Milky Way galaxy, atoms have higher concentrations, with the density of matter in the interstellar medium ranging from 105 to 109 atoms/m3. [95]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The sun itself is believed to be in a Local Bubble, that is, an area containing a lot of ion gases, so the density around it is about 103 atoms/m3. [96]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Stars form dense clouds within the interstellar medium, and stellar evolutionary processes will lead to an increase in the content of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium in the interstellar medium.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Up to 95% of the Milky Way's atoms are concentrated in stars, and the total mass of these atoms makes up about 10% of the galaxy's mass. [97]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The remaining mass is dark matter which is not clearly known. [98]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The stable nucleosynthesis of Protons and electrons appears one second after the Great Bump event.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Within three minutes afterward, the nucleosynthesis of the Big Bump produced mostly helium, lithium, and deuterium, and probably also some beryllium and boron. [99] [100] [101] The first atom (with electrons bound to it) was theoretically created 380,000 years after the Great Bump , that is, when the expanding universe is cold enough to permit electrons to be bound to atomic nuclei. [102]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

From this time, atomic nuclei began to merge in the stars through the process of nuclear fusion and produced heavier elements up to iron. [103]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Isotopes such as lithium-6 are generated in space through cosmic ray spalation. [104]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

This occurs when a high-energy proton pounds the nucleus of an atom, causing a large number of nucleons to scatter.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Elements heavier than iron are generated in supernovae through the r process and in AGB stars through the s process.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Both involve the capture of neutrons by atomic nuclei. [105]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Elements such as lead are mostly formed through radioactive decay of other heavier elements. [106]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The most atoms that compose the Earth and including all its living things were once in its present form in the nebula that collapsed from molecular clouds and formed the Solar System.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The remainder is a result of radioactive decay and the proportion can be used to determine the age of the Earth through radiometric dating. [107] [108] Most helium in the Earth's crust is a product of alpha decay. [109]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

There are a few atoms on Earth that at the beginning of their formation did not exist nor were they the result of radioactive decay.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Carbon-14 is continuously generated by cosmic rays in the atmosphere. [110]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Some atoms on Earth are artificially generated by reactors or nuclear weapons. [111] [112] Of all transuranium elements that have atomic numbers greater than 92, only plutonium and neptunium are present on Earth naturally. [113] [114] The transuranium elements have time Radioactive half-life is shorter than the lifespan of the Earth [115], so these elements have long since decays.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

An exception is present in plutonium-244 which is likely stored in cosmic dust. [107]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The natural content of plutonium and neptunium results from neutron capture in uranium ore. [116]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Earth contains about 1.33 atoms. [117]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

In planetary atmospheres, there are a small number of atoms of noble gases such as argon and neon.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

The remaining 99% of atoms in Earth's atmosphere are bound in the form of molecules, for example, carbon dioxide, diatomic oxygen, and diatomic nitrogen.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

On the surface of the Earth, the atoms bind to each other forming a wide variety of compounds, including water, salts, silicates, and oxides.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Atoms can also combine to form materials that do not consist of molecules, such as crystals and solid or liquid metals. [118] [119] The theoretical and rare form of isotopes where isotopes with a higher atomic number than lead (62) are radioactive, there is an “island of stability “which was submitted for some element with atomic number above 103.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

These super-heavy elements likely have nuclei that are relatively stable to radioactive decay. [120]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

This stable super-heavy atom is most likely unbihexium, with 126 protons of 184 neutrons. [121]


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Each particle of matter has its antimaterial particles each with an opposite electric charge.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Thus, positrons are positively charged antielectrons, and antiprotons are negatively charged protons, When matter and antimatter meet, they will annihilate each other.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

There is an imbalance between the number of particles of matter and antimatter.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

This imbalance is still not thoroughly understood, although there is a theory of bariogenesis that provides a possible explanation.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

Antimatter has never been discovered naturally. [122] [123] However, in 1996, antihydrogen was successfully synthesized at the CERN laboratory in Geneva. [124] [125] There are also other rare atoms created by replacing a proton, neutron, or electron with another particle that is equally charged.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

For example, electrons can be replaced by heavier muons, forming muon atoms.


Question: What is the definition of an atom?

Atomic

This type of atom can be used to test physics predictions. [126] [127] [128] See also Relative atomic mass of Electron Element Molecules Proton Neutron Atomic Core Reference Note Reference book Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored ( |author= suggested) (help) Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) Outside links


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Sanskrit (not raw spelling: Sanskrit) or Sanskrit, is one of the oldest Indo-European languages still known and its history is among the longest.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Languages that can match the 'age' of this language from the Indo-European language group are only Hittite languages.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

The Sanskrit word, in Sanskrit Saṃskṣtabhāsa means perfect language.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

He means, the opponent of the Prakerta language, or the language of the people.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Sanskrit is a classical language of India, a liturgical language in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism and one of the 23 official languages of India.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

The language also has equal status in Nepal.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Its position in South Asian and Southeast Asian culture is similar to the position of Latin and Greek in Europe.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Sanskrit developed into many modern languages in the Indian subcontinent.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

The language appears in pre-classical form as a Vedic language.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

What is contained in the book of Rgweda is the oldest and most archical phase.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

This text is drawn from approximately 1700 BC and Vedic Sanskrit is the oldest encountered Indo-Aryan language and one of the oldest members of the Indo-European language family.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

The Sanskrit literary khazanah includes poetry that has a rich tradition, drama and also scientific, technical, falsafi, and religious texts.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Today Sanskrit still remains widely used as a ceremonial language at Hindu ceremonies in the form of stotras and mantras.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Spoken Sanskrit is still worn on some traditional institutions in India and there have even been some attempts to revive Sanskrit.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

What will be talked about in this article is Classical Sanskrit as reviewed on the Sanskrit grammar of Panini, in about 500 BC.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

History The adjective saṃskṣta- means “cultured”.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

The language referred to as saṃskṣtā vāk “cultured language” by definition has always been a “high” language, used for religious and scientific purposes and contrary to the language used by commoners.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

This language is also called deva-bhāṣā which means “the language of the Gods”.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

The oldest surviving Sanskrit grammar is the Pāṇini garland and titled Aṣṭādhyāyī (“Grammar of the Eight Chapters”) which is more or less derived from the 5th century BCE.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

This grammar is mainly a normative or prescriptive grammar that mainly regulates the mode of use that is raw and not descriptive, although this grammar also contains descriptive parts especially about the Vedic forms that were no longer used in the time of Panini.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Sanskrit belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Together with Iranian languages, Sanskrit belongs to a clump of Indo-Iranian languages and is hereby part of the Satem group of Indo-European languages, which also includes the Balto-Slavik branch.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

When the term Sanskrit appeared in India, it was not seen as a language distinct from other languages, but primarily as a subtle or cultured form of speaking.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Knowledge of Sanskrit is a marker of social class and this language is primarily taught to members of high castes, through careful analysis of Sanskrit tatabahasawan such as Pāṇini.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Sanskrit as a learned language in India sits alongside the Prakreta languages which are the people's language and eventually evolved into modern Indo-Aryan languages (Hindi, Assamese language, Urdu, Bengali and so on).


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Most Dravidian languages of India, although they are part of a distinct language clump, they are heavily influenced by Sanskrit, especially in the form of loan words.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Kannada, Telugu and Malayalam languages have the largest number of absorption words while Tamil has the lowest.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

The influence of Sanskrit on these languages is recognized by the discourses of Tat Sama (“sama”) and Tat Bhava (“rooted”).


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Meanwhile Sanskrit itself also gained influence of the substratum of the Dravidian language from very early times.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Vedic Vedic Sanskrit or abbreviated as Vedic language is a language spoken in the Vedic scriptures, early sacred texts from India.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

The earliest Vedic text, gweda, is thought to have been written in the 2nd millennium BCE, and the use of the Vedic language was carried out until approximately 500 BC, when Panini codified Classical Sanskrit began to appear.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

The Vedic form of Sanskrit is a close derivation of the Proto-Indo-Iranian language, and is still appreciably similar (with a gap of approximately 1,500 years) from the Proto-Indo-Europa language, the reconstructed language form of all Indo-European languages.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

The Vedic language is the oldest language still found from the Indo-Iranian language branch of the Indo-European language family.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

The language is still very close to the language of Avesta, the religious sacred language of Zoroastrianism.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

The kinship between Sanskrit and the more up-to-date languages of Europe such as Greek, Latin and English can be seen in the following words: Ing. mother/Skt. मतmator Ing. father/Skt. पितpit.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Research by European peoples Sanskrit research by Europeans was started by Heinrich Roth (1620—1668) and Johann Ernst Hanxleden (1681—1731), and continued with the proposal of an Indo-European language clump by Sir William Jones.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

This plays an important role in the development of language comparison science in the Western World.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Sir William Jones, on the occasion of a lecture to the Asiatick Society of Bengal in Calcutta, 2 February 1786, said: “Sanskrit, however its antiquity, has an astonishing structure; more perfect than Greek, broader than Latin and more refined and cultured than the two, but they have a closer relationship in both, both in the form of the root of the verb and the grammatical form, which is unlikely to happen only by chance; so closely remember this connection, so that no linguist can research all three, without believing that they arose from the same source, which likely already does not exist.”


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Indeed, linguistics (along with phonology, etc.) first appeared among ancient Indian tatabahasawans who sought to establish Sanskrit laws.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Modern linguistic science owes a lot to them and nowadays many key terms such as bahuvrihi and suarabakti are taken from Sanskrit.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Some features of Cases One of the main characteristics of Sanskrit is the presence of cases in this language, which number 8.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

In still-cognate Latin there are only 5 cases.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

In addition there are three genders in Sanskrit, masculine, feminine and neutral and three modes of number, singular, dualist and plural: nominative case vocative case accusative case instrumentalist case dative case ablative case genetive case locative case Below presented an example all cases of a singular masculine word deva (God, God or King).


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Singular: nom. devas meaning: “Gods” vok. (he) deva meaning: “O Gods” ak. devam meaning: “to the Gods” etc. inst. devena meaning: “with Gods” etc. dat. devāya meaning: “to the Gods” ab. devāt meaning: “of the Gods” gen. devasya meaning: “belonging to the Gods” local. deve meaning: “in Gods” Dualis: nva devau ida devābhym gl devayos Plural: nv devās a devān i devais da devebhyas g devānām l deveṣu Lalu below are presented in table form.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

The basic schema of tasrifan (declence) of suffixes for nouns and properties The basic schema of the Sanskrit tasrifan for nouns and properties are presented below.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

This scheme applies to most words.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Pokok-a pokok-a (/ə/ or /ː/) includes the largest class of noun suffixes.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Usually words ending in a short -a are masculine or neutral.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Nouns ending in -a long (/ː/) are almost always feminine.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

This class is very large because it also includes the -o suffix from proto-Indo-European languages.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Principal -i and -u The long vowel principal Sandhi law Additionally in Sanskrit is obtained the so-called sandhi law, a phonetic phenomenon in which two adjacent different sounds can be assimilated.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Compound word formation Compound words in Sanskrit are very widely used, especially concerning nouns.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

These words can get very long (more than 10 words).


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Compound nominals occur with several forms, but morphologically they are in fact the same.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Each noun (or adjective) is contained in its root form (weak form), with the last element only being assigned according to its case.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Some examples of compound nouns or nominals include the categories that are multiplied below.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Avyayibhāva Tatpuruṣa Karmadhāraya Dvigu Dvandva Bahuvrīhi Sanskrit in Indonesia Sanskrit has long been present in the archipelago since thousands of years ago, even many Indonesian names use Indian or Hindu (Sanskrit) names, although it does not mean that they being Hindu.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

This is due to the influence of Indian culture that came to the archipelago since thousands of years ago during the Indianization of Southeast Asian kingdoms (Hindu-Buddhist), and since then, this Indian culture is seen as part of Indonesian culture, especially in the cultures of Java, Bali, and some parts of the archipelago other.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Thus, Hindu or Indian related culture in Indonesia is present not only as part of religion, but also culture.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

As a result, it is common to find Muslim or Christian Indonesians with names that are nuanced Indian or Sanskrit.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Unlike names derived from Sanskrit in Thai and Khmer languages, the pronunciation of Sanskrit names in Javanese or Indonesian is similar to the original Indian pronunciation, except that “v” is changed to “w”, example: “Vishnu” in India changes to “Vishnu” if in Indonesian.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

In the archipelago, especially in Indonesia, Sanskrit is very important and has a high role in the discussion in Indonesia.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Sanskrit that entered Indonesia thousands of years ago (the time of the Hindu-Buddhist kingdom) came from India to Indonesia through the Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms during ancient times thousands of years ago on the archipelago.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Very many Indonesian words are absorbed from Sanskrit, for example from the word “language” ा्ा (bhāṣa) itself derived from Sanskrit means: “talk logat”.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Even many institutions names, terms, mottos, and mottoes in the Indonesian government use Sanskrit language, such as the rank of general in the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL), using the word “Admiral” (from the Ramayana figure who is the younger brother of Rama).


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

“Adipura Award” which is an award given to cities across Indonesia from the central government for cleanliness and environmental management also uses Sanskrit which is from the words Adi (meaning “role model”) and Pura (meaning “city), making the meaning: “City” A role model” or “a city worthy of being an example”.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

There are also many mottos of Indonesian institutions that use Sanskrit, such as the motto of the Indonesian Military Academy which reads “Adhitakarya Mahatvavirya Nagarabhakti” (अिका्या महत्विर्य नगराक्त्ता), and some other terms in the TNI also use Sanskrit, e.g.” Adhi Makayasa”, “Chandradimuka”, “Tri Dharma Eka Karma”, etc.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Sanskrit in some scripts Sentence May Batara Shiva meraksa fans of the language of the Gods.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

(Kalidasa) in Sanskrit uses several Brahmi derived scripts.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

See also Vedic Romanization Sanskrit Absorption words from Sanskrit in Malay and Modern Indonesian List of Sanskrit absorption words in Indonesian List of names containing Sanskrit elements Transclusion library list error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

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Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Jan Gonda. 1952.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Sanskrit in Indonesia, New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Jan Gonda. 1963.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Kurze Elementar-Grammatik der Sanskrit-Sprache, Leiden: E.J. Brill Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Jan Gonda. 1966.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

A Concise Elementary Grammar of the Sanskrit Language, Tuscaloosa and London.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Translated from the German by Gordon B. Ford, jr. Haryati Soebadio. 1983.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Concise Sanskrit Grammar.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Jakarta: Djambatan.


Question: When was Liturgical language invented?

Sanskrit

Category:Indo-Aryan Language Category:Buddhism Category:Hindu Category:Indo-European Languages


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Sir Charles Spencer “Charlie” Chaplin, KBE () was a noted British composer, filmmaker, and comedy actor of the silent film era.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin became a worldwide icon through his widescreen persona “The Tramp” and is considered to be one of the most influential figures in the history of the film industry. [1] His career ran for over 75 years, from his childhood in the Victorian era to a year before his 1977 death, and tinged with adultery and controversy.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In childhood, Chaplin lived a life in poverty and hard work in London.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Because his father was absent and his mother struggled financially, he was sent to the workhouse twice before he was nine.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

When he was 14, his mother was put in a mental asylum.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin began performing in his early years, touring music halls and later working as a stage actor and comedian.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

At the age of 19, he signed a contract with Fred Karno's company, which shipped it to America.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin decided to enter the film industry, and began performing in 1914 for Keystone Studios.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He later developed the charm of the Tramp and formed a large fan base.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin directed his own films from his early days, and still continued his work as he moved on to the Essanay, Mutual, and First National companies.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In 1918, he became one of the most recognizable figures in the world.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In 1919, Chaplin co-founded the distribution company United Artists, which gave it full power of attorney to control his films.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

His first story-duration film was The Kid (1921), which was overtaken by A Woman of Paris (1923), The Gold Rush (1925), and The Circus (1928).


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He refused to switch to voice-over films in the 1930s, and instead produced City Lights (1931) and Modern Times (1936) without dialogue.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin became increasingly involved in politics, and his next film, The Great Dictator (1940), plastered Adolf Hitler. The 1940s was a decade marked by controversy for Chaplin, and his fame quickly dropped.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He was accused of being a communist sympathizer, in addition to his involvement in elder determination and marriage-marriage until scandals with younger women.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

An FBI investigation was opened, and Chaplin was forced to leave the United States and settle in Switzerland.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He abandoned the charm of the Tramp in subsequent films, which included Monsieur Verdoux (1947), Limelight (1952), A King in New York (1957), and A Countess from Hong Kong (1967).


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin writes, directs, produces, edits, stars in, and compositions music on most of his films.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He was a perfectionist, and his independence in finance made him live his time developing and producing a film.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

His films are characterised as slapstick laced with pathos, which is shown in the Tramp's struggles when faced with problems.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Some films contain social and political themes, as well as autobiographical elements.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In 1972, as part of a renewable appreciation for his work, Chaplin earned an Academy Honorary Award for “the indelible effect he had in making film shape an art in this century”.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He nevertheless earned a high welcome.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The Gold Rush, City Lights, Modern Times, and The Great Dictator are often included on lists of the greatest films of all time.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Biography Early years (1889—1913) The difficult background and childhood of Charles Spencer Chaplin was born on 16 April 1889 to the couple Hannah Chaplin (born Hannah Harriet Pedlingham Hill) and Charles Chaplin Sr. There is no official record of his birth, although Chaplin believes he was was born in East Street, Walworth, South London. [2] [note 1] His father and mother had previously been married for four years, during the time Charles Sr. became the legal carer of Hannah's father's other son, Sydney John Hill. [6] [note 2] At the time he was born, Chaplin's parents were both working as performers music hall gig.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Hannah, the daughter of a shoemaker, [7] failed to make a career under the stage name Lily Harley, [8] while Charles Sr., a butcher's son, [9] was a popular singer. [10]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Although they never divorced, Chaplin's parental relationship stretched out in about 1891. [11]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In the following year, Hannah gave birth to her third son — George Wheeler Dryden — whose father was a member of Leo Dryden's music hall show.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The child was taken by Dryden at the age of six months, and did not meet Chaplin for 30 years. [12]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin's childhood was suffused with poverty and hard work, called “the most dramatic tale of the entire stories ever told” according to his authoritated biographer David Robinson. [13]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin's early years lived with her mother and brother Sydney in the London district of Kennington; Hannah had no income, apart from grooming and fashion making, and Chaplin Sr. did not provide financial assistance. [14]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Due to the urgent situation, Chaplin was sent to a workhouse when he was seven years old. [note 3] The government placed him at the Central London District School for the poor, which Chaplin remembered him as a “miserable existence”. [16]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He was reunited with his mother 18 months later, before Hannah was forced to re-incorporate her family into the workhouse in July 1898.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Her children were sent to Norwood Schools, another childcare institution. [17]”


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

I was hard to get out of the crisis because we lived in a continuous crisis, and, in childhood, I dispelled our awfulness by trying to forget it. “[18] —


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin in her childhood In September 1898, Hannah was admitted into the Cane Hill mental asylum because she was stricken with psychosis caused by syphilis infection and malnutrition. [19]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

During the two months he was there, Chaplin and his brother Sydney were sent to live with their father, who was known to be fierce towards boys. [20]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Charles Sr. at the time he was an alcoholic, and life there was poorly monitored by the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. [21]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin's father died two years later, at the age of 38, of cirrhosis of the liver. [22]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Hannah entered a period of convalescence, [21] but in May 1903 was sick again.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin, who at that time was 14 years old, got an assignment to take his mother to the infirmari, whereupon he was sent back to Cane Hill. [23]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

It lived alone for several days, foraging and bedding, until Sydney — who entered the Navy the previous two years — returned. [24]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Hannah was out of her place of asylum eight months later, [25] but by March 1905 her illness returned, which this time was permanent.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He was then treated until he died in 1928. [26]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Young viewer Between his time in a special school of the poor and his mother stricken with mental illness, Chaplin began performing on stage.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He was then called upon repeatedly to make his first amateur appearance at the age of five, whereupon he was taken over from Hannah for one night in Aldershot. [note 4] This was an isolated occurrence, but at that time, since he had turned nine years old, Chaplin, had developed a piquancy in appearance, with the guidance of his mother.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He later stated: “[he] poured me out with a sense that I had some talent”. [28]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Through his paternal connections, [29] Chaplin became a member of the clog dance group Eight Lancashire Lads, whereby he visited English music halls throughout 1899 and 1900. [note 5] Chaplin worked hard, and his acting was popular with audiences, but he was dissatisfied with dance and wished that he could also do comedy acting. [31]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In those days, Chaplin toured with Eight Lancashire Lads, his mother encouraged him to stay in school but he left education at the age of 13. [32] [33] He supported himself with a series of jobs, taking forward his ambition to become an actor. [34]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

At the age of 14, shortly after his mother relapsed, he enrolled in a theatrical body in West End, London.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

His manager sensed the potential inside of Chaplin, who promised him his first role as a newspaper loper in Jim, a Romance of Cockayne by Harry Arthur Saintsbury. [35]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The appearance opened in July 1903, but the show failed and closed after two weeks.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

However, Chaplin's comedic performance achieved acclaim in some reviews. [36]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Saintsbury gave the role to Chaplin in Charles Frohman's production of Sherlock Holmes, where he played Billy the newspaper loper on three domestic tours. [37]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

His performance led to him being summoned to London to pit the role along with William Gillette, the original Holmes. [note 6] “It's like a gift from heaven”, says Chaplin. [39]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

At the age of 16, Chaplin starred in the West End production of that stage play at the Duke of York's Theatre from October to December 1905. [40]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He completed his final Sherlock Holmes tour in early 1906, before leaving the stage play after more than two and a half years. [41]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The stage comedy and vaudeville Chaplin then found work on a new company, and toured with his brother — who also had an acting career — in a comedy sketch titled Repairs. [42]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In May 1906, Chaplin joined the juvenile drama Casey's Circus, [43] for which he developed popular burlesque works and later became the star of the show.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

By the time the acting tour ended in July 1907, he who had turned 18 became a famous comedy performer. [44]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

However, he attempted to get work again and his great efforts at solo acting suffered a failure. [note 7] After that, Sydney Chaplin joined Fred Karno's prestigious comedy company in 1906 and, by 1908, he was one of their important performers. [46]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In February, he decided to take care of his sister's two-week trial.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Karno was initially alarmed, and regarded Chaplin as a “young man who looked sullen, weak and pale” who “seemed too embarrassed to do anything in the theatre. “[47]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

However, the teenager made an impact on his first night at the London Coliseum and he was quick to sign a contract. [48]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin began by playing a series of small parts, then moved to starring roles in 1909. [49]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

By April 1910, he gave the lead role in a new sketch, Jimmy the Fearless.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The work achieved great success, and Chaplin grabbed press attention. [50] Karno chose the new star to join the part of the company visiting the North American vaudeville circuit. [51]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The new comedian headed the show and flattered reviewers, calling him “one of the best pantomime artists ever watched here”. [52]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

His most successful role was a drunkard called “Inebriate Swell”, which earned him significant recognition. [53]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The tour lasted for 21 months, and the troupe returned to England in June 1912. [54]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin stated that he “had a deep feeling of depression on returning to his usual place” and, thus, decided to take a new tour in October. [55] 1914—1917: Entering Keystone cinema For six months on his second American circumnavigation trip, Chaplin was invited to joined the New York Motion Picture Company.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

A representative watching his performance thought that he would replace Fred Mace, a Keystone Studios star who decided to take place. [56]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin considered Keystone's comedy-comedies “too rough and noisy”, but liked the idea of craftsmanship in his filming and terrationalization: “In addition it would mark a new life. “[57]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He met with the company and signed a $150 per week contract ($3,803 in 2018 dollars) [58] in September 1913. [59]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin came to Los Angeles, a venue from Keystone studio, in early December 1913. [60]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

His boss was Mack Sennett, who initially expressed attention that his 24-year-old looked too young. [61]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

It was not used in the film until late January, during which time Chaplin sought to understand the process of filming. [62]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

His one-reeler film, Making a Living marked his acting debut and was released on 2 February 1914.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin strongly hated the film, but a review referred to him as “a comedian of the first water”. [63]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

For his second appearance in front of the camera, Chaplin chose a costume that became his identifier.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He referred to the process in his autobiography: “I want every opposite: baggy pants, tight robes, small hats and big shoes...


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

I added a small mustache, which, I reasoned, would add age without hiding my expression.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

I don't have the idea of the character.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

But at this moment, I was wearing fashion and makeup that made me feel that I was becoming the person.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

I started to figure it out, and by the time I walked on stage, it was actually born. “[64] [note 8] The film was Mabel's Strange Predicament, but the character of “the Tramp” made its debut to an audience in the Kid Auto Races at Venice — which was made after Mabel's Strange Predicament but released two days early. [66]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin adopted the character as his widescreen persona and attempted to create suggestion-suggestibility for the films that featured him.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The idea was rejected by its directors. [67]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

At the filming of his eleventh film, Mabel at the Wheel, he feuded with director Mabel Normand and was narrowly removed from his contract.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

However, Sennett defended it as he grabbed offers from exhibitors for other Chaplin films.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Sennett also allowed Chaplin to direct his next film after Chaplin promised to pay $1,500 ($38,025 in 2018 dollars) if the film failed. [68]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Caught in the Rain, issued on May 4, 1914, was Chaplin's directorial debut and achieved high success. [69]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Thereafter, he directed almost every short film in which he appeared for Keystone, [70] on occasions almost once per week, [71] a time where he later remembered as the most amazing time of his entire career. [72]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin's films introduced slower forms than typical Keystone styles, [66] and he developed a large fan base. [73]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In November 1914, she landed a supporting role in the first feature-run comedy film, Tillie's Punctured Romance, directed by Sennett and starring Marie Dressler, which achieved commercial success and increased her fame. [74]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

As Chaplin renewed later that year, he asked for $1,000 a week ($25,350 in 2018 dollars) — an amount that Sennett refused because it was too large. [75]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The Essanay Essanay Film Manufacturing Company of Chicago sent Chaplin an offer of $1,250 a week with an additional $10,000.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He joined the studio in late December 1914, [76] whereupon he began forming a stock company of regular performers, which included Leo White, Bud Jamison, Paddy McGuire and Billy Armstrong.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He then recruited a main female cast member — Edna Purviance, whom Chaplin met in a cafe and impressed with her beauty.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He appeared in 35 films with Chaplin throughout his eight years; [77] the couple also entered into a romance relationship that lasted until 1917. [78]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin held high control over his films and began spending more time and attention toward each film. [79]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

There was a month-long interval between the release of his second production, A Night Out, and his third, The Champion. [80]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The last seven of Chaplin's 14 Essanay films were all produced in slow motion. [81]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin has also begun to change his widescreen persona, which has wreaked some criticism in Keystone for being “chargeable, rude, and brutal”. [82]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The character became one of the more masculine and romantic; [83] The Tramp (April 1915) is considered to be a turning point in its development. [84]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The use of sadness is increasingly developed in the film The Bank, wherein Chaplin makes the ending sad.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Robinson stated that this was an innovation in comedy films, and marked a time when serious critics began to appreciate Chaplin's work. [85]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

At Essanay, wrote film scholar Simon Louvish, Chaplin “found themes and settings that would define the world of the Tramp. “[86]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

By 1915, Chaplin became a cultural phenomenon.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Shops provided Chaplin's trinkets, he was featured in cartoons and comic strips, and some songs were written about him. [87]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In July, a journalist for Motion Picture Magazine stated that “Chaplinitis” has been ravaging across America. [88]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

As his fame spread around the world, he became the first international star of the film industry. [89]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

As Essanay's contract expired in December 1915, [90] [note 9] Chaplin — who was well aware of his fame — asked for an additional $150,000 from his next studio.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He earned several bids, which included Universal, Fox, and Vitagraph, the best coming from Mutual Film Corporation at a sum of $10,000 a week. [92]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Mutual A contract negotiated with Mutual totaled $670,000 a year, [93] which Robinson said made Chaplin —at age 26 — one of the highest paid people in the world. [94]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The high salary shocked the community and was widely reported in the press. [95] John R. Freuler, president of the studio, explained: “We came to pay Mr. Chaplin huge sums a year because the public wanted Chaplin and would pay for him. “[96]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Mutual provided Chaplin with his own Los Angeles studio to work, which opened in March 1916. [97]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

It added two important members to its stock company, Albert Austin and Eric Campbell, [98] and produced a series of two-reeler: The Floorwalker, The Fireman, The Vagabond, One A.M., and The Count. [99]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

For The Pawnshop, he recruited actor Henry Bergman, who served with Chaplin for 30 years. [100]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Behind the Screen and The Rink finished released Chaplin in 1916.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Mutual's contract encouraged that he release a two-reel film every four weeks, which he decided to achieve.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

However, by the following year, Chaplin began to demand more time. [101]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He made only four more films for Mutual throughout the first ten months of 1917: Easy Street, The Cure, The Immigrant, and The Adventurer. [102]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

With careful development, the films were considered by Chaplin's scholars to be his top-notch masterpieces. [103] [104] In his later days, Chaplin called his times at Mutual the happiest of his entire career. [105]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

However, Chaplin also felt that the films were getting more formulaic throughout his contract and he was getting sober with such working conditions. [106] Chaplin was attacked by the British media for not fighting in the First World War. [107]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He defended himself by stating that he would fight for England if called up and had registered on the American registration, but he was not called up by any country. [note 10] In addition to these criticisms, Chaplin became a favorite figure among the army, [109] and his fame is still growing around the world.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Harper's Weekly rumored that Charlie Chaplin's name became “a part of the common parlance of almost every country”, and that the image of the Tramp became “universally familiar”. [110]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In 1917, professional Chaplin impersonators broke that led him to take legal action, [111] and it was reported that nine out of ten men who attended the Tramp dress costume party. [112]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

That same year, a study by the Boston Society for Psychical Research stated that Chaplin was “an American obsession”. [112]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Actress Minnie Maddern Fiske stated that “a constant enhancement of a culturated body, artistic person is the beginning to flatter the young English clown, Charlie Chaplin, as an extraordinary artist, as well as a comedian of genius”. [110] 1918—1922: First National Mutual gets rid of Chaplin by lowering Chaplin's spending levels, and the contract ended amicably.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

With his attention to the declining quality of his films due to provisions under the schedule, Chaplin's main highlight in finding new distributors was independent; Sydney Chaplin, who later became his business manager, said to the press, “Charlie [should] allow all the time which he needed and the whole money to produce [the films] in the way he wanted...


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

It is quality, not quantity, we according to it. “[113]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In June 1917, Chaplin signed a contract to complete eight films for the First National Exhibitors' Circuit with a return of $1million. [114]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He chose to build his own studio, which sits on a five-acre estate on the edge of Sunset Boulevard, with production facilities of the highest rating. [115]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The venue was completed in January 1918, [116] and Chaplin was given freedom in the making of his films. [117]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

A Dog's Life, released in April 1918, was the first film under the new contract.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In the film, Chaplin demonstrates his increased highlight with the construction of the story and his treatment of the Tramp as “an embodiment of Pierrot”. [118]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The film was referred to by Louis Delluc as “a work of total artistry in cinema”. [119]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin then joined the Third Freedom Bon campaign, circling the United States for a month to raise money for the Allies of the First World War. [120]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He also produced a short propaganda film, which was donated to the government to raise funds, entitled The Bond. [121]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin's subsequent release which was war-based, placing the Tramp in trenches for the Shoulder Arms.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

His fellow men warned him against making a comedy about war, but he later said: “Danger or not, my idea is flattering. “[122]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He underwent four months of filming a 45-minute film, which was released in October 1918 with great success. [123]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

United Artists, Mildred Harris, and The Kid After the release of the Shoulder Arms, Chaplin asked for more money from First National, who turned him down.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Frustrated by their lack of attention to quality, and alarmed at rumors of a possible merger of the company with Famous Players-Lasky, Chaplin joined Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford, and D. W. Griffith to form a new distribution company — United Artists, which was founded in January 1919. [124]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The goal is to revolutionize the film industry, as the four partners — all of them creative artists — privately finance their own films and have complete control. [125]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin decided to start with the company and offered withdrawal of his contract with First National.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

They turned him down and requested that he complete the final six films he had on them. [126]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Prior to the formation of United Artists, Chaplin married for the first time.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

17-year-old actress Mildred Harris stated that she was pregnant with his child, and in September 1918, he married her secretly in Los Angeles to avoid controversy. [127]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

After that, the pregnancy turned out to be a false notice. [128]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin was unhappy with the interweaving and, feeling that the marriage was hampering his creativity, turned to run his film production Sunnyside. [129]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Harris was later actually declared pregnant, and on July 7, 1919, gave birth to a son.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Norman Spencer Chaplin was born in an unlikely state and died three days later. [130]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The marriage then ended in April 1920, with Chaplin explaining in his autobiography that they “did not match each other”. [131]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The events of the loss of the child later influenced Chaplin's work, as he planned a film that put Tramp transitioning into the nurse of a boy. [132]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

For the new project, Chaplin also expects more from comedy and, according to Louvish, “makes his mark on a changing world. “[133]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The project was filmed under the title The Kid beginning in August 1919, with four-year-old Jackie Coogan as his co-star. [134]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

This happened while Chaplin was on a big project, so to comply with First National, he postponed his production and quickly filmed A Day's Pleasure. [135]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The Kid was produced for nine months until May 1920 and, with a run of 68 minutes, it became Chaplin's longest running film in those days. [136]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Highlighting the issues of poverty and parental and child separation, The Kid is considered inspired by Chaplin's early childhood [117] and to be one of the earliest films to combine comedy and drama. [137]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The film was released in January 1921 with instant success, and, by 1924, had premiered in more than 50 countries. [138]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin served five months for his next film, the two-reeler film The Idle Class. [125]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

After his September 1921 release, he decided to return to England for the first time in almost a decade. [139]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He then ministered to fulfill his First National contract, releasing Pay Day in February 1922.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The Pilgrim — his last short film — was delayed due to distribution disagreements with the studio, and was released a year later. [140] 1923—1938: Silent films A Woman of Paris and The Gold Rush Due to having fulfilled his contract with First National, Chaplin was released to make films his first as an independent producer.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In November 1922, she began filming A Woman of Paris, a romance drama about a lover who feels hurt. [141]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin decided to be Edna Purviance's driver to become a star, [142] and did not appear in his own film other than in an unmentioned cameo role. [143]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He hoped for the film to have a realistic sense and directed the role to give the desired performance.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In real life, he explains, “men and women strive to hide their emotions rather than show their expressions”. [144]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

A Woman of Paris premiered in September 1923 and achieved a rousing welcome, later becoming an innovation. [145]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

However, the public caught only a little understanding in Chaplin's film without understanding its faetics, and it became a box office disagreement. [146]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The filmmaker considered it a failure — he had long wanted to produce dramatic films and was proud of the results — and then withdrew A Woman of Paris from circulation. [147]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin returned to comedy for his next project.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Setting his high standards, he said to himself: “The following film must be an epic!


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Great!” [148]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Inspired by a photograph from the 1898 Klondike Gold Rush, and later stories from the Donner Party of 1846—47, he made what was Geoffrey Macnab an “epic comedy of macabre subject matter. “[149]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In The Gold Rush, the Tramp competes alone against the seekers and finds love.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

With Georgia Hale as his new main female cast, Chaplin began filming of the film in February 1924. [150]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The production with him, which cost nearly $1 million, [151] included shooting in the Truckee mountains with 600 additional cast, additional sets, and special effects. [152]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The last scene was only taken in May 1925, after 15 months of filming. [153]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin felt The Gold Rush to be his best film he made in those days. [154]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Its airing began in August 1925 and became one of the highest-earning films of the silent film era with profits of a sum of $5 million. [155]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The comedy contains some of Chaplin's most famous scenes, such as the Tramp eating his shoes and the “Dance of the Rolls”. [156]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Macnab referred to it as “Chaplin's most memorable film”. [157]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin stated, “This is the film I want to remember” at the time of the release of the film. [158]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Lita Grey and The Circus While making The Gold Rush, Chaplin married for the second time.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Mirroring from the pinnacle of her first domestic life, Lita Grey is a teenage actress, originally planning to star in the film, whose surprise announcement of her pregnancy forced Chaplin to marry.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Grey was 16 and Chaplin was 35, signaling that Chaplin was nudged by a statutory rape indictment under California law. [159]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Later, he planned to hold a marriage attestation in Mexico on November 25, 1924. [160]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Their first son, Charles Spencer Chaplin, Jr., was born on 5 May 1925, followed by Sydney Earl Chaplin on 30 March 1926. [161]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

His marriage was unhappy, and Chaplin lived more time in the studio to avoid his closeness to his wife. [162]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In November 1926, Grey took his children and went to his family home. [163]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

A bitter divorce came with it, where Grey's confession — accusing Chaplin of unhumanizing, harassing, and harassing “deviant sexual desires” — was leaked to the press. [164] [note 11] Chaplin was rumored to be experiencing anxiety, as the story made headlines and a group of people along America called for his films to be blocked. [166]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In order to end the case without continued scandal, Chaplin's lawyers agreed to pay a fine of $600,000—the largest amount requested by an American court in those days. [167]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

His fan base still persisted in the incident, and was subsequently forgotten, but it was very impactful for Chaplin. [168]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Before the divorce was fulfilled, Chaplin began work on a new film, The Circus. [169]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He constructed a story about the idea of walking on a thin tightrope while besieged by monkeys, and made Tramp a circus star by accident. [170]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

His filming was delayed for 10 months because he was stumbling into a divorce scandal, [171] and in general the production was in jiggles. [172]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Finally resolved in October 1927, The Circus was released in January 1928 with positive reviews. [173]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

At the 1st Academy Awards, Chaplin was given a special trophy “for ability and cleverness in acting, writing, directing and producing on The Circus”. [174]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Aside from his success, he permanently associated the film with his production partnership; Chaplin omitted The Circus from his autobiography, and championed its recreation as he recorded his motorcade in the years that followed. [175]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

City Lights “I decided to keep making dumb movies...


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

I am a pantonime and in that medium, I am unique and, without falsification, a master. “[176] —


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin explained his decision against voice-over films in the 1930s At the time The Circus was released, Hollywood introduced voice-over films.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin was dismissive of the new medium and the techniques it presented, deeming that “voices” detracted artistically from silent films. [177]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He also decided to change the formulation to keep him successful, [178] and it was worrying that if the Tramp was given a vote it would limit his international appearances. [179]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In addition, he resisted the new Hollywood trend and began work on a new silent film.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin remained adamant to the decision and still defended his decision throughout the film's production. [179]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

As filming began in late 1928, Chaplin had been working on the story for almost a year. [180]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

City Lights tells Tramp's love story with a visually impaired florist girl (played by Virginia Cherrill) and his efforts to raise money for an operation for him to see.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The production ran for 2 months, [181] with Chaplin later stating that he “had worked on it himself in a state of highlighting the desired perfection”. [182]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

On one advance, Chaplin realized that sound technology was an opportunity to record a musical motorcade for the film, which he composed himself. [182] [183] Chaplin finished editing City Lights in December 1930, where silent films were still rife in those days. [ 184]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

A preview of the audience did not achieve success, [185] but aired because the press gave positive reviews.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

One journalist stated, “No one in the world but Chaplin can do it.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He is the only person who has given a thing called 'audience desire' in quality displays to spice up popular trends for sound films. “[186]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Giving its general release in January 1931, City Lights achieved fame and financial success — later earning a profit of more than $3 million. [187]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The British Film Institute called it Chaplin's finest work, and critic James Agee flattered its closing scene as “the greatest work of acting and the highest moment in cinema”. [188] [189] City Lights became a favorite film for Chaplin personally and is still considered so of all time his life. [190]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Journey, Paulette Goddard, and Modern Times City Lights achieved success, but Chaplin did not agree that he made other films without dialogue.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He is still adamant not to involve sound in his films, but is also “obsessed with worries about eroding the old style. “[191]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In those erratic circumstances, in early 1931, the comedian decided to take a vacation and fill it by traveling for 16 months. [192] [note 12] In his autobiography, Chaplin stated that as he returned home to Los Angeles, “I became confident and without plan, lacking rest and conscious of extreme solitude”.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He widely considered retiring and moving to China. [195]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin's solitude ended when he met 21-year-old actress Paulette Goddard in July 1932, and then the two successfully began a relationship. [196]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

However, he had not yet prepared a film and focused on writing a series about his travels (published in Woman's Home Companion). [197]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The trip had been an exciting experience for Chaplin, including his encounters with several well-known thinkers, and he became increasingly understanding of world affairs. [198]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The state of labor in America shook him, and he feared that capitalism and machining in the workplace would increase unemployment.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Those highlights have prompted Chaplin to develop his new film. [199]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Modern Times was announced by Chaplin as “a satire on certain phases of our industrial life. “[200]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Featuring Tramp and Goddard as they were during the time of the Great Depression, its filming took ten and a half months. [201]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin decided to put on the dialogue but changed his mind when re-listened to.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Like its predecessor, Modern Times was given sound effects but almost no one spoke. [202]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

However, Chaplin's performance of a song gave voice to Tramp for the only occasion on film. [203]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

After recording his music, Chaplin released Modern Times in February 1936. [204]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

It was his first film in 15 years to adopt political referrals and social realism, [205] a factor that brought the press spotlight in addition to Chaplin's efforts to undo the highlighting. [206]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The film achieved low reviews at the box-office than previous films and achieved mixed reviews, as some of its reviewers resented politicized things. [207]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Today, Modern Times is viewed by the British Film Institute as one of Chaplin's “great films”, [188] while David Robinson states that the film shows the filmmaker is sedng at his “unparalleled peak as a visual comedy maker. “[208]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

After the release of Modern Times, Chaplin went with Goddard to tour the Far East. [209]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Both declined to comment about their relationship, and it is not known whether they were married or not. [210]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Some time later, Chaplin stated that they were married in Canton at the time of the aforementioned journey. [211]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In 1938, the couple decided to separate, as both focused more on their work, although Goddard returned to be his female lead in the next feature film, The Great Dictator.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He later divorced Chaplin in Mexico in 1942, citing not matching each other and separated for over a year. [212] 1939—1952: Controversy and decline in fame of The Great Dictator In the 1940s, Chaplin faced a series of controversies, both in his work and life his personal, which changed his fate and impacted his fame in the United States.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

At first his new actions were in expressing his political beliefs.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Deeply troubled by the onset of militaristic nationalism in world politics in the 1930s, [213] Chaplin realized that he would not incorporate such things into his work. [214]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The similarities between himself and Adolf Hitler have been widely noted: both had birth dates that were only four days apart, both were equally raised from poverty until achieving world fame, and Hitler had the same toothbrush moustache as Chaplin.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Those physical equations influenced the groove for Chaplin's next film, The Great Dictator, which clearly plagued Hitler and attacked fascism. [215]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin went two years developing the script, [216] and began filming in September 1939 — six days after Britain declared war on Germany. [217]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He decided to use voiced dialogue, which was received half-heartedly because there was no other choice, but also because he recognized it as a good method to give political messages. [218]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Creating a comedy about Hitler was seen as highly controversial, but Chaplin's financial independence allowed him to take the risk. [219]”


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

I decided to step forward,” he later captioned, “for Hitler to laugh. “[220] [note 13] Chaplin replaced the Tramp (still wearing similar fashion) with “A Jewish Barber”, a reference to the Nazi party's belief that he was Jewish. [note 14] In a multiple appearance, he also plays dictator “Adenoid Hynkel”, who pleases Hitler. [222]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The Great Dictator was produced for a year and released in October 1940. [223]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The film grabbed many highlights, with a critic for The New York Times calling it “the most eagerly awaited film of the year”, and it became one of the biggest money-earners of the time. [224]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

However, the ending was unpopular and invited controversy. [225]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin included the film with a five-minute speech in which he left his barber character, seen directly on camera, and considered opposed to war and fascism. [226]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Charles J. Maland stated that it was too much to degrade Chaplin's fame, and stated, “Nonetheless, no film fan will ever separate the political dimension from [his] star image”. [227] [note 15] The Great Dictator earned five Academy Award nominations, which includes Best Film, Best Original Background Game and Best Actor. [229]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Legal tensions and Oona O'Neill In the mid-1940s, Chaplin was involved in a series of courts that consumed much of his time and significantly impacted his public image. [230]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The tension stemmed from his relationship with an actress named Joan Barry, who charged him with an illicit relationship with her between June 1941 until the fall of 1942. [231]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Barry, who harbored obsessive behaviour and was twice arrested after they separated, [note 16] appeared again the following year and announced that he was pregnant with Chaplin's child.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Because Chaplin denies the claim, Barry reserved custody of him. [232]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), J. Edgar Hoover, who had long observed Chaplin's political movements, took the opportunity to give negative publicity against him.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

As part of a sleazy campaign to damage Chaplin's image, [233] the FBI included him in four indictments related to the Barry case.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The most serious indictment is a misdemeanor charge of the Mann Act, which prohibits bringing a woman to state borders for sexual purposes. [note 17] Historian Otto Friedrich states it as an “indictment of rancu” of an “ancient statute”, [236] so that if Chaplin is found guilty, he faces 23 years in prison. [237]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Although the three indictments had less evidence to process to trial, the Mann Act trial began in March 1944.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin was charged two weeks later. [234]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The case later made headlines, with Newsweek calling it “the biggest public relations scandal since the murder trial of Fatty Arbuckle in 1921. “[238]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Barry's son, Carole Ann, was born in October 1944, and custody was taken to court in February 1945.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

After two trials, where the plaintiffs accused him of “moral delicacy”, [239] Chaplin was declared to be his father.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Evidence from blood tests that indicated the opposite was not accepted [note 18], and the judge ruled that Chaplin pay for care support until Carole Ann turned 21.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The media spotlight on the custody was influenced by the FBI, as information disseminated by influential gossip columnist Hedda Hopper, and Chaplin was described as getting the spotlight too critically. [241]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The controversy over Chaplin intensified when, two weeks after custody was handed over, he reportedly married his latest partner, 18-year-old Oona O'Neill — daughter of American playwright Eugene O'Neill. [242]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin, who was then 54, had been introduced to him by a film agent in the previous seven months. [note 19] In his autobiography, Chaplin referred to his meeting with O'Neill as “the happiest event of my life”, and claimed that he had found “true love”. [245]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin's son, Charles Jr., reported that Oona “adored” his father. [246]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The couple were still householders until Chaplin died, and had eight children throughout 18 years: Geraldine Leigh (l.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

July 1944), Michael John (l.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

March 1946), Josephine Hannah (l.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

March 1949), Victoria (l.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

May 1951), Eugene Anthony (l.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

August 1953), Jane Cecil (l.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

May 1957), Annette Emily (l.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

December 1959), and Christopher James (l.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

July 1962). [247]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Monsieur Verdoux and Chaplin's communist charges claimed that Barry's trial had “curbed [his] creativity”, and occurred several times before he began to work again. [248]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

In April 1946, he finally began filming a project that had been in development since 1942. [249]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Monsieur Verdoux is a dark comedy film that tells about a French bank employee, Verdoux (Chaplin), who loses his job and starts marrying and murdering wealthy widows to support his family.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin's inspiration for the project came from Orson Welles, who wanted him to star in a film about French serial killer Henri Désiré Landru.


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin decided that the concept would “make an amazing comedy”, [250] and paid Welles a sum of $5,000 for the idea. [251]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin again voiced his political views in Monsieur Verdoux, criticizing capitalism and arguing that the world has been tinged with mass murder and weapons of mass destruction. [252]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Because of this, the film invited controversy when it was released in April 1947; [253] Chaplin was reviled during its premiere and a boycott was called for the film. [254]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Monsieur Verdoux became the first Chaplin film to achieve critical and commercial failure in the United States. [255]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The film was more successful overseas, [256] and Chaplin's background play was nominated at the Academy Awards. [257]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He was proud of the film, stating in his autobiography that “Monsieur Verdoux was the most brilliant and prominent film I made. “[258]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

The negative reaction to Monsieur Verdoux much changed Chaplin's public image. [259]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

Alongside the damage from the Joan Barry scandal, he was publicly accused of communists. [260]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

His political activities had been evident in World War II, as he campaigned for the opening of a Second Front to aid the Soviet Union and supported various Soviet—American friendship groups. [261]


Question: when did Pablo Picasso die?

Charlie Chaplin

He also befriended several suspected communists, and attended events presented by Soviet diplomats in Los Angeles. [262]