Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Physics in Medieval Islam Islamic scholars have derived Aristotelian physics from Greece and during the Gyday Islam progressed more and more, placing observation and thought a priori as its focus, developing an early form of the scientific method.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The most important discoveries were in the fields of optics and vision, resulting from the handiwork of many scholars such as Ibn Sahl, Al-Kindi, Ibn al-Haytham, Al-Farisi and Avicenna.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

His most important work was The Book of Optics (also known as Kitāb al-Manāṣir), written by Ibn Al-Haitham, in which he was not only the first to reject the ancient Greek idea of vision, but also provided a new theory.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

In this book, he was also the first to study the study of pinhole cameras and developed them.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

By dissecting and using the knowledge of previous thinkers, he was able to begin to explain how light entered the eye, was focused, and projected back into the eye, as well as creating the world's first camera obskura hundreds before the development of modern photography. [14]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The seven-volume book Book of Optics (Kitab al-Manathir) was of great influence in cross-disciplinary thinking from the theory of visual perception to the realms of perspective on medieval artistry in both the East and the West, for over 600 years.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Many scholars as well as subsequent European polymaths, ranging from Robert Grosseteste and Leonardo da Vinci to René Descartes, Johannes Kepler and Isaac Newton, used his thinking.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The influence of Ibn al-Haytham's optics also came in one of Newton's similarly titled works, which was only published 700 years later.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The translation of The Book of Optics had a great impact on Europe.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Starting from there, European scholars were able to make the same equipment as Ibn al-Haytham, and understand how light worked.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

From this, several inventions such as glasses, magnifying glass, telescopes, and cameras developed.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Classical physics Physics became a separate science when early modern Europeans used experimental and quantitative methods to discover what are referred to as the laws of physics. [15]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Major developments in this period include the replacement of the geocentric model of the solar system with the heliocentric Copernicus model, the laws governing the motion of planets put forward by Johannes Kepler between 1609 and 1619, experiments on telescopes and astronomical observations by Galileo Galilei in the 16th and 17th centuries, as well as Isaac Newton's discovery of the laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation. [16]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Newton also developed calculus, [lower-alpha 3] the study of mathematical changes, which provided new mathematical methods for solving physics problems. [17]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The discovery of new laws in thermodynamics, chemistry, and electromagnetism resulted from research efforts on the Industrial Revolution because it required additional energy. [18]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

These laws of classical physics are still in wide use today for everyday objects travelling at non-relativistic speeds, as they give excellent estimates on the conditions.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Theories such as quantum mechanics and relativistic theory can be simplified into their classical equivalents.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

However, the inaccuracy of classical mechanics for very small objects and very fast objects spurred the development of modern physics in the 20th century.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Modern physics Modern physics originated in the early 20th century when Max Planck conducted research on quantum theory and Albert Einstein conducted research on the theory of relativity.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Both of these theories arose as a result of the inaccuracy of classical mechanics under certain conditions.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Classical mechanics predicts that the rate of light is diverse, not corresponding to the constant rate estimated by Maxwell's equations regarding electromagnetism.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

This error was eventually corrected by Einstein through his theory of special relativity, which then substituted classical mechanics for fast-moving objects and their velocities close to the rate of light. [19]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Black-object radiation was also a problem for classical physics, which was later corrected when Planck proposed that the oscillator excitation of a material was only possible in a discrete step (discrete step) proportional to its frequency.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

This theory, along with the photoelectric effect and later became a more complete theory predicting the orbital discrete energy levels of electrons, eventually made the theory of quantum mechanics substitute classical physics for the level of infinitesimal objects. [20]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Emergent quantum mechanics pioneered by Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger and Paul Dirac. [20]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

From the results of this early work, the standard model of particle physics was derived. [21]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Following the discovery of particles with characteristics consistent with the Higgs boson at CERN in 2012, [22] all elementary particles predicted by the standard model, emerged and were taken into account; however, physics beyond the Standard Model, such as the theory of supersymmetry, is a growing area of research. [23]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Mathematical sciences are generally important in these areas, such as probability and group studies.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Current research Physics research is experiencing constant progress in many fields, and will still remain so far in the future.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

In the physics of condensed objects, the largest theoretical irresolvable problem is the explanation of high-temperature superconductivity [24].


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Much research in condensed physics was done to make spintronics and quantum computers work. [25] [26] In particle physics, the first pieces of experimental evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model have begun to produce.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The most famous is the designation that neutrinos have a non-zero mass. The results of these experiments seem to have resolved the long-standing problem of solar neutrinos in solar physics.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The Giant Hadron pounder has discovered the Higgs boson.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Future research aims to prove or undo supersymmetry, which extends the Standard Model in particle physics.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Research into dark matter and dark energy is also being conducted. [27]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The physics of large neutrinos is an active research area of experimentation and theory.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

In the next few years, particle accelerators will begin researching energy scales within the TeV range, which is where experimentalists hope to find evidence for the Higgs boson and particle supersymmetry.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Theorists are also trying to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity into a single theory of quantum gravity, a program that has been running for half a century, and is still not bearing fruit.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The next top candidates are M-Theory, superstring theory, and loop quantum gravity.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Many astronomical and cosmological phenomena have not been satisfactorily explained, including the existence of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, baryon asymmetry, the acceleration of the universe and the acceleration of the anomalous spin of galaxies.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Although many advances have been made in high-energy, quantum, and astronomical physics, many other everyday phenomena, concerning complex systems, [28] chaos [29], or turbulence [30] are still understandable only a little.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Complicated problems that seem to be solved by clever applications of dynamics and mechanics, such as the formation of sand piles, “nodes” in water “trickling”, catastrophic theory, or self-sorting in heterogeneous collections that vibrate are still unsolvable. [31]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

This complicated phenomenon has received more and more attention since the 1970s for several reasons, none other than due to the lack of modern mathematical methods and computers that can compute complex systems to be modeled in new ways.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Inter-disciplinary relationships from complex physics have also improved, such as in turbulence lessons in aerodynamics or observations of formation patterns in systems biology.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

In 1932, Horrace Lamb [32] said: “I am old now, and when I died and went to heaven there were two things I hoped to make light of.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

One is quantum electrodynamics, and another is the turbulens motion of a fluid.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

And I'm more optimistic about the former.”


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Core theory Although physics studies a wide variety of systems, certain theories are used by all physicists.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Each of these theories is trialled by experimentation many times and becomes an adequate estimate of nature.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

For example, classical mechanics theory explains the motion of objects that move much more slowly than the rate of light and are much larger than atoms.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

This theory is still an area of research today.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Chaos theory, an important aspect in classical mechanics was discovered 20th century, three centuries after the initial formulation of Isaac Newton (1642—1727).


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

This main theory is an important tool for research to go towards more specialized topics, and any physicist, no matter what specialty, is expected to know.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Among them are classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, electromagnetism, and special relativity.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Classical physics Classical physics includes the branches and topics that have been known and developed before the 20th century: classical mechanics, acoustics, optics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Classical mechanics studies objects that move as a result of force and can be divided into statics (the study of still objects), kinematics (the study of motion regardless of the cause) and dynamics (the study of motion and the forces that affect it).


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Mechanics can also be divided into solid mechanics and fluid mechanics (known together as continuum mechanics), its derivative branches such as hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, aerodynamics, and pneumatics.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Acoustics is the study of how sounds are made, controlled, transmitted, and received. [33]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Important modern branches of acoustics include ultrasonic, the study of sound waves at very high frequencies above human capabilities; bioacoustics, physics of hearing in animals, [34] and electroacoustics, manipulation of sound waves using electronics. [35]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Optics, the study of light, is concerned not only for visible light but also for infrared and ultraviolet radiation, which explains all visible light phenomena such as reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, dispersion, and polarization of light.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Heat is one form of energy, the energy in which particles have derived from their forming substance; thermodynamics spoils the relationship between heat and other forms of energy.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Electricity and magnetism are studied as one branch of physics due to their proximity which began to be researched early in the 19th century; an electric current can give rise to a magnetic field, and a change in the magnetic field induces an electric current.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Electrostatics studies electric charge when stationary, electrodynamics with moving charge, and magnetostatics for magnetic poles when stationary. Modern physics Classical physics mostly focuses on matter and energy at normal observational scales, whereas most modern physics focuses on the behavior of matter and energy at extreme conditions or on very large/very small scales.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

For example, atomic and nuclear physics study matter at small scales where chemical elements can be identified.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Elementary particle physics is even smaller because of its focus on the most basic units of matter; this branch of physics is known as high-energy physics because it takes extraordinarily large energies to manufacture many types of particles at a particle accelerator.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

At this scale, the usual notations for space, time, matter, and energy are no longer valid. [36]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The two main theories of modern physics provide a picture of different concepts regarding space, time, and matter from classical physics.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Classical mechanics estimates nature is continuous, whereas quantum theory focuses on the discrete natural properties of many phenomena on atomic and subatomic scales and additional aspects of particles and waves to explain these phenomena.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The theory of relativity focuses on the explanation of phenomena housed in a frame of reference that moves towards the observer; the theory of special relativity focuses on relative uniform motion on straight lines and the theory of general relativity with accelerated motion and its relation to gravity.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Quantum theory and the theory of relativity are used in all areas of modern physics. [37]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Differences between modern physics and classical physics Although physics aims to find universal laws, the theory leans towards a certain domain of use.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

General speaking, the laws of classical physics can accurately explain systems whose size is larger than the atomic scale and whose motion is much slower than the speed of light.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Beyond this, existing observations do not match the predictions made.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Albert Einstein contributed to the framework of special relativity, which replaced absolute space and time notation with spacetime and allowed accurate descriptions of systems whose components moved close to the rate of light.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Max Planck, Erwin Schrödinger, and other physicists introduced quantum mechanics, probabilistic notation of particles and their interactions that allowed accurate descriptions at atomic and subatomic scales.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

At the end, quantum field theory combines quantum mechanics and special relativity.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

General relativity allows for curved, dynamical spacetime, with unusually massive systems and the structure of the large-scale universe can be explained.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

General relativity has not been combined; several candidates of quantum gravity theories are being developed.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Overview of theoretical and experimental Physics Physics research The culture of physics research differs from other sciences because of the separation of theory and experiment.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Since the twentieth century, most individual physicists specialize in theoretical physics or experimental physics alone, and in the twentieth century, few have succeeded in both fields.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

In contrast, almost all theorists in biology and chemistry are also successful experimentalists.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Easily, theorists try to develop theories that can explain the results of experiments that have been tried and can estimate the results of upcoming experiments.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Meanwhile, experimentalists concoct and execute experiments to test theoretical estimates.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Although theories and experiments are developed separately, they are interdependent.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Advances in physics usually arise when experimentalists make inexplicable discoveries from existing theories, thus necessitating the formulation of new theories.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Without experimentation, theoretical research often goes in the wrong direction; one example is M-theory, a popular theory in high-energy physics, because the experiments to test it have never been compiled.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Major physics theories Although physics addresses a wide variety of systems, there are several theories used as a whole in physics, rather than in one field alone.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Each of these theories is believed to be true, within a certain territory of ordnance.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

For example, the theory of classical mechanics can precisely explain the movement of objects, provided that they are larger than atoms and move at speeds much slower than the speed of light.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

These theories are still being researched; for example, an admirable aspect of classical mechanics known as chaos theory was discovered in the twentieth century, three centuries after it was formulated by Isaac Newton.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

However, few physicists consider these basic theories to diverge.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Therefore, such theories are used as a basis for research towards more specialized topics, and all doers of physics, whatever their specialty, are expected to understand those theories.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Major areas in physics Research in physics are divided several fields that study different aspects of the matter world.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The physics of condence-objects, estimated to be the largest field of physics, studies the properties of large objects, such as solids and liquids that we encounter every day, which derive from the properties and mutual interactions of atoms.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The fields of atomic, molecular, and optical Physics deal with individual atoms and molecules, and the way they absorb and emit light.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The field of particle Physics, also known as “High-energy Physics”, studies the property of super-small particles that are much smaller than atoms, including elementary particles that make up other objects.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Finally, the field of Astrophysics applies the laws of physics to explain astronomical phenomena, ranging from the sun and other objects in the solar system to the universe as a whole.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Particle physics Particle physics is the study of the forming constituents of matter and energy and the interactions between them. [38]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

In addition, particle physicists also designed and developed high-energy accelerators, [39] detectors, [40] and computer programs [41] required in this study.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

This branch is also known as “high-energy physics” because many elementary particles do not arise naturally but can only be created when particles collide with each other at high energy. [42]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Currently, the interaction between elementary particles and the field is described by the Standard Model. [43]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The model includes 12 known particles of matter (quarks and leptons) that interact via fundamentally strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces. [43]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Dynamics is described in terms of particles of matter exchanging gauge bosons (gluons, W and Z bosons, and photons, sequentially). [44]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The Standard Model also predicts a particle known as the Higgs boson. [43]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

In July 2012 CERN, the European laboratory for particle physics, announced that it detected a particle consistent with the Higgs boson, [45] an integral part of the Higgs mechanism.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Nuclear physics is the branch of physics that studies the shaping and interactions of atomic nuclei.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The best-known applications of nuclear physics are nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons technology, but his research has also been applied in many fields, such as medical nuclear and magnetic resonance imaging, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating on geology and archaeology.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Atomic, molecular, and optical physics The physics of atoms, molecules, and optics studies matter-matter and matter-light interactions at the atomic and single-molecule scales. These 3 fields are grouped into one because of their interrelationships, similarities of methods used, and relevant energy scales.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

These three fields are covered in classical, semi-classical, and quantum physics; they can be treated from a microscopic point of view.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Atomic physics studies atoms.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Current research focuses on quantum control, cooling, and capture of atoms and ions, [46] [47] [48] dynamics of low-temperature collisions and the effects of electron correlation on structure and dynamics.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The nucleus of an atom is affected by the nucleus (cth. hyperfine splitting), but inter-nuclear phenomena such as nuclear fission and nuclear fusion are considered part of high-energy physics.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Molecular physics focuses on multi-atomic structures and inner and outer interactions with matter and light.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Optical physics differs from optics in terms of the tendency to focus not on the control of light by macroscopic objects but on the basic properties of the optical field and its interaction with matter on the microscopic scale.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Condensed substance physics The physics of condensed substances is a field of physics that studies the physical properties of macroscopic sized matter. [49]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

In particular, it focuses on condensed phases that arise when the number of particles in the system is very large and the interaction between them is strong. [25]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

One of the easiest examples of condensed phases are solids and liquids, which arise from the bonds of electromagnetic force between atoms. [50]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

Other condensed phases include superfluid [51] and Bose—Einstein condensate [52] found in certain atomic systems at very low temperatures, superconductivity phases indicated by electron conduction in certain materials, [53] and ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spin on the crystal structure. [54]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The physics of condensed substances is the largest field of contemporary physics.


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

From its history, condensed substance physics emerged from solid state physics but is currently considered a subfield. [55]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The term physics of condensed substances was introduced by Philip Anderson when he renamed his research in 1967. [56]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

In 1978, the Division of Solid Phase Physics at the American Physics Association was renamed as the Division of Condensed Substances. [55]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

The physics of condensed substances is often wedged with chemistry, materials science, nanotechnology and engineering. [25]


Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

Physics

See also General Glossary of classical physics Glossary of physics List of elementary physics formulas, Formulas of elementary physics List of important publications in physics List of physicists Relations between mathematics and physics Development timeline in theoretical physics Timeline of basic discoveries of physics Main Branch Classical Mechanics Electromagnetism Modern Physics Thermodynamics Optics Branch relates Astronomy Chemical Engineering Mathematical Cosmology Interdisciplinary branch involves physics Acoustic Biophysics Econophysics Geophysics Nanotechnology Neurophysics Psychophysics CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link) Outlink (in English) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


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Question: What number of branches are there in the physical sciences?

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Category:Selected article physics stubs


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Prince Dipati Anta-Kasuma held the title of Queen of Waringin City (1st), last held Ratu Bagawan (1st) was the first king of Kotawaringin kingdom between 1637-1657. [3]


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

He replaced the position of his father-in-law Dipati Ngganding who became the duke of Kotawaringin.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

In his old age, prince Ratu Kota Waringin (1st) handed over the throne of Kotawaringin to his son, prince Ratu Amas, then his sire returned to Banjarmasin and then served as a mangkubumi (Patih Hamangkubhumi/Mahapatih) king Banjar Sultan Ratu Anom alias Sultan Saidullah in the center Banjar sultanate with the title of Mangkubumi Ratu Bagawan (1st).


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Ratu Bagawan is her title after returning to Banjarmasin and was inducted as the bowl of Banjar.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

He died and was buried in Banjarmasin. [4]


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Queen Bagawan, her birth name is unknown, but the Prince name she used was Prince Dipati Anta-Kasuma when first crowned viceroy (onder koning) Kotawaringin during the reign of her father Sultan Mustain Billah (king Banjar IV).


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

He is the blue-blooded descendant of both parents.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

The name kasuma means pure ningrat in the Banjar language, which comes from the word wijaya kusuma (flower) is a Banjar logat for kesuma (Malay) or kasuma (Kedayan-Brunei) or kusuma (Java/Bali) or kusumah (Sunda).


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

King Banjar V, Prince Dipati Tuha (1st) who held the title of Sultan Ratu Agung aka Sultan Inayatullah (Queen Lama), his brother gave him the title of prince of Ratu Kota Waringin.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

And then the king of Banjar Ke-VI, Sultan Ratu Anom aka Sultan Saidullah (Prince Kasuma Alam), his victorious son gave him the title of prince of Ratu Bagawan (meaning king of maha pandita). [1]


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

In running the government of Prince Dipati Anta-Kasuma was assisted by four ministers namely Kiai Ngabehi Jiwaraga, Kiai Ngabehi Saradula, Kiai Putrajaya, and Kiai Nayaputra. [1]


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Personal information of Aayah: Sultan Mustain Billah/Marhum Panembahan/Raja Maruhum (birth name Raden Senapati). [5]


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Mother: Ratu Agung (Princess Juluk) binti Prince Demang bin Sultan Rahmatullah.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Prince Demang became Dipati during the reign of Sultan Hidayatullah (1st). [1]


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Empress: Andin Juluk binti Dipati Ngganding Nyai Tapu binti Mantri Kahayan Ananda: Raden Kasuma Taruna held the title of Prince Dipati Kasuma Mandura (son with Nyai Tapu).


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Kasuma Taruna was sworn in as Dipati by Sultan Ratu Agung aka Sultan Inayatullah (Ratu Lama).


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Prince Dipati is a one level title below the title of Panembahan.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Princess Gelang/Dayang Gilang (child with Andin Juluk binti Dipati Ngganding).


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Dieristeri Raden Saradewa of Sukadana (Matan).


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Raden Pamadi (child with Andin Juluk binti Dipati Ngganding) Raden Pati (child with Andin Juluk binti Dipati Ngganding) Raden Nating (child with Andin Juluk binti Dipati Ngganding) Raden Tuan (child with Andin Juluk binti Dipati Ngganding) Gusti Tanya (child with Concubine) Raden Mataram (child with concubine) with Concubine) Princess Lanting the youngest child of the Concubine.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Peristeri Prince Kasuma Wijaya (Raden Huju) bin Sultan Inayatullah of Banjar. prince Queen Amas, became King Kotawaringin II.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Husband of Princess Galuh Hasanah/Putri Samut (sister of Prince Aria Wiraraja bin Pangeran Dipati Tapasana). [[6] [7] Ratu Bagawan (1st) is the 10th descendant of Lambul Mangkurat and also the 10th descendant of Puteri Junjung Buih and Maharaja Suryanata.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Maharaja Suryanata (birth name Raden Putra) was picked from Majapahit as the running mate of Puteri Junjung Buih (adopted brother of Hulu Mangkurat). [1]


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Hikayat Banjar and Kotawaringin mentioned: “That is Marhum Panembahan sent Kiai Lurah Tjutjuk forty a boat to Sand, he took Hajj Tunggul and his wife's son - It means Hajj is a big man, instead of Hajj means people come from Mecca - Already that Hajj Tunggul came with his wife's son and his family.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Already that his daughter named Haji Ratna was made by Marhum Panembahan opponent Dipati Ngganding.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Hatta was already a daughter named after Andin Djuluk.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Already it was a daughter called Andin Hayu.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

There are no such things. [1]” “Already Prince Anta Kasuma is a wife against the child Dipati Ngganding.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

The son of Hajj Tunggul was wife Dipati Ngganding; the son was named as Andin Djuluk; it became Prince Anta Kasuma's wife was named Princess Gilang. [1]” “Already then Prince Dipati Anta Kasuma was also a boy named after Raden Tuan; it was against Princess Gilang against Raden Pamadi opponent Raden Nating seibu serama. [1]” “It was later than that Prince Dipati Tapasana opponent Andin Hayu was a boy named after Raden Hangkut, the daughter was named after Princess Samut. [1]” Cape Sambar ancient Borneo Island was divided into 3 regions of the mother kingdom: Borneo (Brunei), Sukadana (Tanjungpura) and Banjarmasin (Bumi Kencana).


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Tanjung Dato is the border of Borneo (Brunei) mandala region with Sukadana mandala region (Tanjungpura), while Tanjung Sambar is the boundary of the Sukadana/Tanjungpura mandala area (former possession of the Sultan of Banten) with the Banjarmasin mandala area (Kotawaringin area). [8] [9] Jelai River, in Kotawaringin under the rule of Banjarmasin, while Kendawangan river under Sukadana rule. [10]


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

The border in the interior, the needs of the watershed Pinoh (Lawai) were included in the territory of the Kotawaringin Kingdom (subordinate to Banjarmasin) [11] Keadipatian Kotawaringin (1530) Before the establishment of the Kotawaringin Kingdom, the kings of Banjar as rulers along the south and east coast of the island of Borneo has sent ministers to quote tributes to the inhabitants of Kotawaringin.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

The ancestors of the Dayak tribe who lived in the upper reaches of the river Arut had given to the Sultan of Banjarmasin as much gold dust as necessary to make a golden chair.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

After that two ministers from Banjarmasin named Majan Laut and Tongara Mandi had come from Tabanio to Kumai and stayed there.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

It was these two brothers who first brought Islam to the Kotawaringin region.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Majan Laut then engaged a feud with his brother and further he moved from Kumai to Belitung and lived there.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Tongara Mandi then moved from Kumai to the kuala area of Kotawaringin where he was the founder of Kotawaringin Lama on the banks of Lamandau river.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

He then left this place due to being plagued by lanuns/pirates and opened a new village, further upstream, on the Basarah river, one of the tributaries on the left.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

In Hikayat Banjar figures who got orders from Marhum Panembahan [sultan Banjar IV who reigned 1595-1642] to serve the duke of Kotawaringin named Dipati Ngganding (Kiai Gede) who was the in-law of Prince Dipati Anta-Kasuma for marrying Andin Juluk, daughter of Dipati Ngganding.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

About 15 years later, Kiai Gede putera from Majan Laut came from Belitung and lived with his uncle, Tongara Mandi.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Kiai Gede persuaded his uncle to examine the state of the country and choose somewhere more suitable as the capital.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

To this end they beginner-walked upstream river Aut and their then-abode near Pandau.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Then they made their way over the river Lamandau, up to the tributary Bulik.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Then they dreamed that they should set the chosen location at the place where their boat broke a banana tree trunk, and then they also sailed downstream.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

According to the dream they found an exact location which then became the location where the Kotawaringin is located.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

But there is already a large Dayak village called Pangkalan Batu.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

The villagers are reluctant to justify these arrivals living there.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Therefore they drove the Dayaks out of it and deprived them of some Chinese cantau shoots (rifles) and two belanga (Chinese crock).


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

The defeated Dayaks moved to the west, namely Tasik Balida on the river Jelai and called themselves Orang Darat or Orang Ruku.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Because he was old, Tongara Mandi then handed over the reigns to Kiai Gede.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Slowly Kiai Gede expanded its power to the Dayak tribes and remained dependent on the Sultanate of Banjarmasin.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Kemamudaan Kotawaringin (1637) Approximately 35 years after the reign of Kiai Gede, arrived in Kotawaringin Prince Dipati Anta-Kasuma son of Marhum Panembahan (Sultan Banjar IV).


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

His arrival was accompanied by Princess Gilang his son.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Previously they resided in Kahayan, Menawai and Sampit.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Then they went to Sembuluh and Waster, in this last place, Prince Dipati Anta-Kasuma had been interested and wanted to live in the location but was forbidden by his ministers.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

He swears that since then the place is called Waster meaning a place that is wasted or not used.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

From there then the Prince set out for the river Arut.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Here he stayed for some time in the village of Pandau and made a friendship agreement with the Dayaks who promised their faithful obedience. [12]


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

This agreement was made on a stone called Batu Fatuahan, where two people were sacrificed, where a Banjar facing the sea as the direction of arrival of the Banjar people and a Dayak facing land as the direction of the arrival of the Dayak, the two slaughtered blood were put together sacrifices as stamp duty of the agreement. [13]


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Then Prince Dipati Anta-Kasuma left for Kotawaringin where Kiai Gede established the Prince as king and Kiai Gede himself served as the bowlhouse.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Quote Hikayat Banjar and Kotawaringin: “Then that time Marhum Panembahan united Waringin City to Prince Dipati Anta-Kasuma it.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

What was told to sit was Dipati Ngganding in Waringin City; Dipati Ngganding was handed over the direction of Prince Dipati Anta-Kasuma.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

That is why Dipati Ngganding was silent in the city of Waringin; so demikan that was the beginning then Sukadana no longer paid tribute to Martapura.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

There's a lot of that untangled.”


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Kotawaringin Kingdom is a fraction of Banjar sultanate during the time of Sultan Banjar IV Mustainbillah which was given to his son Prince Dipati Anta-Kasuma.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Previously Kotawaringin was a duchy, originally assigned by Sultan Mustainbillah as the head of government in Kotawaringin was Dipati Ngganding (1615).


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

By Dipati Ngganding then handed over to his son-in-law Prince Dipati Anta-Kasuma.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

According to Hikayat Banjar, Kotawaringin area is all villages west of Banjar (Banjar river = Barito river) up to Jelai river. [1]


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Sultan Banjar V, Inayatullah (= Prince Dipati Tuha 1/Ratu Agung), his brother Prince Dipati Anta-Kasuma conferred the title of Queen of Kota Waringin to Prince Dipati Anta-Kasuma, then ceded the villages west of Banjar (= Barito river) up to Barlai.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Ratu Kota-Waringin then returned to Kotawaringin while taking with her Raden Buyut Kasuma Matan. [1]


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

The Queen of Waringin is not actually living in the palace but on a large raft (= lanting) moored there.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Queen Kota-Waringin obtained another princess named after Princess Lanting, with a woman she married here. <ref name="Pijnappel1854"> His Majesty set out to the Jelai river and opened a village at the confluence of the river Bilah with the river Jelai.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

This area is called Sukamara because there are likes and there are mara (= advancing towards the front from the direction of arrival from the country of Banjar). [1]


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Quote Hikayat Banjar and Kotawaringin: “Already that then Queen Agung work will hold all kings who hold jobs.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

So Raden Sutasoma was held by Queen Agung: Prince Singamarta.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Already the Prince Dipati Anta-Kasuma was held by the Grand Queen named after the Queen of Waringin City.”


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Quote Hikayat Banjar and Kotawaringin: “It is later than that then the Queen of Waringin Maatur to Queen Agung about to be sleepy to the city of Waringin.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

So Raden Buyut Kasuma Matan was brought by Queen of Waringin City, brought to Waringin City.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

So Ratu Agung gave up the villages west of Banjar to Jelai.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Then the Queen of Waringin went, and entered Barley did the place called Sukamara.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

So the Queen of Waringin said: “This is my name Sukamara because because there is no maranya tribe there.”


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

So for some time stay there, then the Queen of Waringin landed to Waringin City, then silent in Waringin City set the throne of command in Waringin City.”


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Ancestor 16. ♂ Sultan Suryanullah Sultan Banjar I bin Raden Mantri Alu8. ♂ Sultan Rahmatullah Sultan Banjar II17.4. ♂ Sultan Hidayatullah 1 Sultan Banjar III18.9.19.2. ♂ Sultan Mustain Billah Sultan Banjar IV20.10. ♂ Mr. Khatib Banun21.5. ♀ daughter of Mr. Khatib Banun22.11.23.1. ♂ Prince Dipati Anta-Kasuma (Queen of Bagawan) 24. ♂ Sultan Suryanullah Sultan Banjar I bin Raden Mantri Alu12. ♂ Sultan Rahmatullah Sultan Banjar II25.6. ♂ Pangeran Demang26.13.27.3. ♀ Queen Agung (Princess Juluk 1) 28.14.329.39.329.6. 15.31.


Question: Who are the parents of Raden Kasuma Lalana?

Ratu Bagawan of Kotawaringin

Category:Figures Banjar Category:Mangkubumi Banjar Category:Figures from Banjarmasin Category:King Kotawaringin Category:Historical Borneo Category:Kingdom of Kotawaringin


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

Kong Hu Cu () or Confucius, sometimes often simply called Kongcu (Hanzi:),


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

His philosophy attached importance to personal morality and governance, and became popular for his strong principles on Chinese traits.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

By the religious conquerors Kong Hu Cu, he was recognized as a prophet.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

Kong Hu Cu's influence on Chinese civilization should not be taken lightly; his teachings have extended to Japan, Korea and Vietnam, particularly through Confucianism, a doctrine that his students and commentators developed.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

Analek's book is a short work containing his discussions and talks with his students.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

The work was composed after he died and contains the cores of his teachings.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

Kong Hu Cu's early life was Shu Liang He's youngest son.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

He has 9 older sisters and an older brother with a deformed foot named Meng-bi.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

His mother was named Yan Zheng Zai.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

He was born on September 27, 551 BC in Lu State, Zou Yi City, Chang Ping Village in Kong Song valley (present-day Qu Fu, Shandong Province).


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

His little name is Qiu which means hill alias Zong Ni means second son of Ni hill, he is married to the princess of Song Negeri surnamed Qi Guan.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

From this marriage got a son named Li which means gourami aka Bo Yu.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

It was so named because at the birth of his son he had been offered gourami fish by the Viceroy of Lu State whose call was Lu Zhao Gong.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

In addition to Li, Kong Hu Cu still has two princesses who are the wives of Gong Ye Chang, a disciple of him. Chronology of 3 years old he's father Shu Liang He died The age of 6 has shown his prophetic traits; in playing it is happy to invite and lead his friends to imitate people doing worship and worship.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

Aged 15 she has had an incredible passion for learning.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

The 19 year old is married to a girl from the Jian Guan clan of Song State.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

The age of 20 was appointed Minister of granaries by the Great Ji Family.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

The age of 21 was endowed with a son named Li aka Bo Yu. He had 1 daughter named Kong Rao and a boy named Kong Li.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

Aged 24, her mother died.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

He mourned for 3 years.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

The remains of both his parents were buried in Fang Shan mountain.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

After the completion of the mourning period he had received many disciples.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

Aged 29 he studied music to Shi Xiang, a luminary music teacher.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

The age of 30 was accompanied by two of his disciples; Nan-Gong Jing-Shu and Meng Yi Zi (both sons of the great noble Meng family, namely Meng-xi Zi.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

He paid a visit to the capital of Zhou State, there he met a royal library guard named Lao Dan and a music teacher named Chang Hong.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

The age of 35 he went to the land of Qi because the land of Lu occurred necklace and his young King Lu Zhao Gong ran to the land of Qi.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

At that time the land of Qi was ruled by Viceroy Qi Jing Gong with his Prime Minister Yang Ying or Yan ping Zhong being famously clever.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

Aged 36 he returned to the land of Lu and continued to educate his students.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

Aged 51 years to 55 years old he was active in the government that time the young king was Lu Ding Gong.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

He had served as Mayor of Zhong Dou and Minister of Public Works.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

His highest and last position is as Prime Minister and Minister of Justice (Da Si Kou).


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

Age 56 on the day Dong Zhi left the land of Lu and began his wanderings to various lands as Tian Zhi Mu Duo (God's Spiritual Genta).


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

Tian (God Almighty) has sent Him as the Prophet of All Times, the Complete, Great and Perfect (Ji Da Cheng).


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

He wandered more or less 13 years.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

In 483 BC Li or Bo Yu, his son died in 482 BC Yan Hui, his most advanced disciple and expected to be the successor of him died.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

In 481 BC one of the employees of the Great Family of Ji Kang Zi had killed Qi Lin in the hunt for Viceroy Lu Ai Gong.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

Late in 480 BC Zi Lu or Zhong Yu (a valiant disciple of him full of honesty) fell out in Wei State because there was a rebellion.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

On 18 Erl Yue (month two) Khonghucu died.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

The Viceroys of Lu who ruled during Khonghucu's lifetime were: Lu Xiang Gong, Lu Zhao Gong, Lu Ding Gong and lastly Lu Ai Gong.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

His relics Works from Kong can be distinguished into two groupings, firstly an edit to several works from earlier periods.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

Second, which contains about Kong's utterances to his students.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

Here is an explanation of each of which belongs to the first group, namely: Shi Jing (Book of Chants).


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

It is a collection of writings consisting of 305 praises in various languages, and in it there are 6 that use music and titles without text.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

This collection of writings generally dates back to the early days of the Zhou dynasty, before Kong Zi Shu Jing (Book on History) Is a collection of historical documents beginning from the proclamation of the great Yao king (2757 — 2258 BC) to the Mu Nobility of Chi (659 — 621 BC) Yi Li (Book on Ceremonies) Is a book that contains a collection of ceremonies and rules that must be adhered to by society in everyday life in feudal times.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

YI Jing (Book on Change) Is a collection of writings that describe cosmic principles and social evolution based on divination using Octogram.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

Yue Jing (Book on Music) Is a collection of writings collected in the time before the Han Dynasty, but during its development there were several missing chapters, and it is better known as Li Chi. Ch'un Ch'iu (Spring and Autumn) Is a historical critique of politics during the rule of 12 Nobles of the Lu state.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

And the works classified in the second group are as follows: Lun Yu (Analect) Is a collection of notes of conversations between Kung Fu Tze and his students.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

Zong Yong (Doctrine of the Middle Way Doctrine) is a collection of Kung Fu Tze sayings regarding the middle way (Taoist).


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

The Taoist is the staple core of all Chinese thinking.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

The book was compiled by Tzu Ssu (492 — 431 BC) who was the grandson of Kung Fu Tze Da Xue (Great Teachings) Contains about the Great Teachings of Kung Fu Tze.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

This book was compiled by Tseng Tzu (505-436 BC), from Tseng Tzu that continued to continue to other disciples, including Tzu Ssu (492-431 BC) who was also a teacher of Meng Tzu.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

The posthumous title By King Lu Ai Gong was given the designation Ni Fu meaning Father of His Majesty Ni.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

By the Emperor of the Han dynasty: Han Ping Di was given the title Cheng Xuan Ni Gong which means Prince of Ni Yang Perfect and Bright Bathin.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

In 492 the title was changed to Wen Sheng Ni Fu which means Venerable Father Ni the Perfect Thorough Prophet.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

By Emperor Shun Zhi, the first Emperor of the Man-Chu Dynasty in 1645 the title was changed to Da Cheng Zhi Sheng, Wen Xuan Xian Shi Kong Zi meaningful Kongzi Ancient Master Bright Thorough, Great Great Prophet Perfect.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

But 12 years later the title was shortened to Zhi Sheng Xian Shi Kong Zi which means Kongzi Ancient Master of the Great Prophet.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

The titles for Khonghucu/Kongzi expressed in the Book of Shi Shu (Book of the Four) include Tian Zhi Mu Duo which means God's Spiritual Genta; Zhi Cheng meaning the Perfect Faith; Zhi Sheng meaning the Great Prophet and Ji Da Cheng who means the Great and Perfect Complete Prophet.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

In the Book of Mengzi 5B:1/5 it is stated: “Bo Yi is the Prophet of Chastity; Yi Yin is the Prophet of Obligation; Liu Xia Hui is the Prophet of Harmony; and Kongzi is the Prophet of All Times.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

So the Prophet Kongzi was named after the complete, the great and the perfect.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

What is complete, big and perfect is like the sound of music complete with metal bells and kumala stone bells (Jin Sheng Yu Zhen is the symbol of our Genta Harmony).


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

The sound of metal bells as an opening song that blends harmony shows his wisdom and as a closing song shows the plenity of his prophetic work.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

The virtue word that Konghucu/Confucius remembers: “The wonderful man is simple in speech, but great in action.” “Our greatest pride is not never to fail, but to bounce back every time we fall.”


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

Reference See also Confucian Confucianism Confucianism Neo-Confucianism Temple Kongtzu Temple High Assembly Religion Conghucu Indonesia Advanced reading Herrlee Glessner Creel, Chinese Thought, from Confucius to Mao Zedong, ISBN 0-226-12030-9 Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: where was Xue Ju born?

Kong Hu Cu (philosopher)

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. (in English) Category:Philosophers Category:Confucianism Category:Figures Zhou Dynasty Category:Birth 551 BC Category:Death 479 BC Category:Died age 72 Category:100 Figures by Michael H. Hart


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina (980-1037) known also as “Avicenna” in the Western world was a Persian-born philosopher, scientist, and physician (now Iran).


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

He was also a prolific writer whose most works were about philosophy and medicine.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

To many, he was the “Father of Modern Medicine”.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

His very famous work is al-Qānūn fī aṭ-ṭibb which was a reference in medicine for centuries.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina was named complete Abū 'Alī al-Husayn bin 'Abdullāh bin Sīnā (Persian ابوعلى سينا Abu Ali Sina, Arabic: أبو علي الحسين بن عبد الله بن سينا).


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina was born in 980 in Afshahnah area near Bukhara, now the region of Uzbekistan and died June 1037 in Hamadan, Persia (Iran).


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

He is the author of 450 books on several major subjects.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Many of these focus on philosophy and medicine.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

“George Sarton called Ibn Sina “the most famous scientist of Islam and one of the most famous on all fields, places and times”.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

His most famous work is the Book of Healing and the Qanun of Medicine (Al-Qanun fi At Tibb).


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina's background is a philosopher, scientist, doctor, and active writer born in the golden age of Islamic Civilization.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

In those times Muslim scientists translated many texts of science from Greek, Persian and Indian.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Greek texts from the time of Plato, afterward to the time of Aristotle were intensively widely translated and developed more advanced by Islamic scholars.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

The development was mainly carried out by the college founded by Al-Kindi.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

The development of science at this time included mathematics, astronomy, Algebra, Trigonometry, and medicinal sciences. [4].


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

During the Samayid Dynasty in the eastern Persian part of Khurasan region and the Buyid Dynasty in western Iran and Persian gave a supportive atmosphere for the development of science and culture.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

During the Samaniyah Dynasty, Bukhara and Baghdad became the center of culture and science of Islamic world. [5]


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Other sciences such as the study of the Koran and Hadist flourished with developments with an atmosphere of scientific development.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Other sciences such as philosophy, Science Fikih, Kalam Science are very developed rapidly.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

In those days Al-Razi and Al-Farabi contributed science in medicine and philosophy.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

In those days Ibn Sina had access to study in major libraries in the Balkh, Khwarezmia, Gorgan, Ray City, Isfahan City and Hamedan regions.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

In addition to a large library facility that has a large collection of books, at that time there lived some Muslim scientists such as Abu Raihan Al-Biruni a famous astronomer, Aruzi Samarqandi, Abu Nashr Mansur a famous mathematician and very thorough, Abu al-Khayr Khammar a physicist and other famous scientists.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Early Life Biographer Ibn Sina was born 980 AD in Afsana, a village near Bukhara (now known as Uzbekistan), capital of Samaniyah, a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

His mother, named Setareh, was from Bukhara; his father, Abdullah, was a respected Ismaili, scholar from Balkh, an important city of the Samanid Empire (now known for Balkh province, Afghanistan).


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

His father worked in the Samanid government in the village of Kharmasain, a Sunni regional power.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

After five years, his younger brother, Mahmoud was born.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina from childhood began studying the Koran and literature, approximately before he was 10 years old.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

A number of theories have been proposed regarding the madhab (thought in Islam) of Ibn Sina.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

The medieval historian Zahir al-din al-Baihaqi (d. 1169) considered Ibn Sina to be a vassal of Ikhwan al-Safa.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

On the other hand, Dimitri Gutas along with Aisha Khan and Jules J. Janssens suggest that Avicenna was a Sunni Hanafi.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

However, the 14th century Shia faqih Nurullah Shushtari according to Seyyed Hossein Nasr, states that he was most likely a madhab of the Twelve Shias.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

In contrast, Sharaf Khorasani, citing the rejection of an invitation from the Sunni governor Sultan Mahmud Ghazanavi by Ibn Sina at his court, believed that Ibn Sina was Ismaili.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Similar differences of opinion exist on Avicenna's family background, whereas some authors consider them Sunni, some more consider that he was Shia.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

According to his autobiography, Ibn Sina had memorized the entire Quran by the age of 10.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

He learned Indian arithmetics from Indian greengrocer Mahmoud Massahi and he began to learn more from a scholar who earned his living by healing the sick and teaching the young.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

He also studied Fiqh (Islamic law) under Sunni Hanafi scholar Ismail al-Zahid.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

As a teenager, he was very confused by Aristotle's theory of Metaphysics, which he could not understand until he read al-Farabi's commentary on the work.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

For the next year, he studied philosophy, where he met greater obstacles.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

At times like this, he would leave his books, perform ablutions, then go to the mosque and continue praying until the hidayah resolved his difficulties.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Away night, he will continue his studies and even in his dreams the problem will catch up with him and give his solution.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Forty times, it is said, he read the Metaphysics of Aristotle, until the words were imprinted on his memory; but the meaning was unclear, until one day they found enlightenment, from a brief description by Farabi, which he bought in a bookshop for less than three dirhams.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

So great was his delight at his discovery it, made with the help of a work from which had been estimated only a mystery, that he rushed to return, thanked God and bestowed alms upon the poor.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

He turned to medicine at 16 and not only learned the theory of medicine, but also discovered new methods of treatment.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

This young man gained full status as a qualified doctor at the age of 18 and found that “Medicine is a difficult or thorny science, such as mathematics and metaphysics, so I soon made great progress, I became a very good doctor and started treating patients, using approved drugs”.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina's fame spread rapidly and he treated many patients without asking for pay.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Adulthood The first promise of Ibn Sina was that the emir of Noah II who owed him recovery from a dangerous illness (997), Ibn Sina managed to get access to the royal library of Samaniyah.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

When the library was destroyed by fire not long after, Ibn Sina's enemies accused him of burning the library and were accused of hiding the source of his knowledge only for him.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

In the meantime, he assisted his father in his work, but still took the time to write some of his earliest works.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

When Ibn Sina was 22 years old, he lost his father.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

The Samanid dynasty had ended in December 1004.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina seems to have rejected Mahmud's offer of Ghazni and headed westward to Urgench in modern Turkmenistan, where the vizier, considered a friend of the scholar, gave him a small monthly stipend.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina then wandered from place to place through the districts of Nishapur and Merv to the border of Khorasan.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Qabus, the generous ruler of Tabaristan, was himself a poet and scholar, whom Ibn Sina expected to find asylum, was at about that date (1012) starved to death by his rebellious army.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina himself was at this point stricken with severe illness.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Finally, in Gorgan, near the Caspian Sea, Ibn Sina met a friend, who bought a house near his own home where Ibn Sina studied logic and astronomy.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Several treatises of Ibn Sina were written for this patron and the beginnings of the book Canon of Medicine were also written when he settled in Hyrcania.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina later settled in Rey, in the vicinity of modern Tehran, the home town of Rhazes; where Majd Addaula, son of the last Buwaihi emir, was the nominal ruler under his mother's Regency (Seyyedeh Khatun).


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

About thirty works by Ibn Sina are said to have been composed in Rey. The constant hostility that raged between the regent and his second son, Shams al-Daulah, however, forced the scholar to quit places.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

After a short stay in Qazvin he passed southwards to Hamadan where Shams al-Daulah, another Buwaihi emir, had established himself.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

At first, Ibn Sina held the service of a high born woman; but the emir, hearing of her coming, called her as a medic, and sent her back with gifts to her quarters.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina was even appointed to the office of vizier. The emir decided that he should be banished from the country.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina, however, remained hidden for forty days in the house of sheikh Ahmed Fadhel, until a fresh attack of illness caused by the emir to restore him to his post.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Even during this disturbance, Ibn Sina persisted with his studies and teachings.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Every evening, extracts from his great works, Canon and Sanatio, express and explain to his students.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

On the death of the emir, Ibn Sina ceased to be vizier and hid in the house of a pharmacist, where, with intense diligence, he continued the composition of his works.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Meanwhile, he had written for Abu Ya'far, prefect of the dynamic city of Isfahan, offering his services.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

The new emir Hamadan, hearing this correspondence and discovering where Ibn Sina was hiding, imprisoned him in a fortress.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

While wars continued between the rulers of Isfahan and Hamadan; in 1024 the former captured Hamadan and the cities, driving out Tajik mercenaries.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

When the storm passed, Ibn Sina returned with the emir to Hamadan, and carried on literary labor.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Later, accompanied by his brother, a favorite disciple, and two slaves, Ibn Sina fled the city using a dress of Sufi shades.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

After a perilous journey, they reached Isfahan, receiving an honorable welcome from the prince.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

The Remaining Life of these ten or twelve years of Ibn Sina's life were spent in the service of the Kakuyid ruler Muhammad ibn Rustam Dushmanziyar (also known as Ala al-Dawla), whom he accompanied as physician, literary, and scientific advisor, even in his various campaigns.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

During this year he began to study matters of literature and philology.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

A severe colic, which caught him in the army ranks against Hamadan, was checked by medicine so violent that Ibn Sina could barely stand.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

On the same occasion the illness returned; with difficulty he reached Hamadan, where, finding illness gaining ground, he refused to follow the regimen imposed, and resigned himself to his fate.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

His friends advised him to slow down and take life enough.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

He refused, however, stating that:.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

“I prefer a life short by width to one narrow by long” On his deathbed remorse caught him; he bestowed his goods on the poor, restored unjust advantage, freed slaves, and read the Koran every three days until his death.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

He died in June 1037, in his fifty-eighth year, in Ramadan and was buried in Hamadan, Iran.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Philosophy Ibn Sina wrote extensively on early Islamic philosophy, especially the subjects of logic, ethics, and metaphysics, including treatises named Logic and Metaphysics.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Some of his works are written in Arabic - hence the language of science in the Middle East - and some in Persian.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

His linguistic significance even today are the few books he wrote in almost pure Persian (notably Danishnamah-yi 'Ala', Philosophy for Ala 'ad-Dawla').


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

The book on Healing became available in Europe in partial Latin translation several tens of years after its composition, under the title Sufficientia, and some authors have identified “Latin Avicennism” as evolving for some time, in line with the more influential Latin Averroism, but was suppressed by the Paris edicts of 1210 and 1215. Avicenna's psychology and theory of knowledge influenced William of Auvergne, Bishop of Paris and Albertus Magnus, while metaphysics had an impact on the thought of Thomas Aquinas.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Metaphysical Philosophy and early Islamic metaphysics, imbued as it is with Islamic theology, distinguish more clearly than Aristotelianism between essence and existence.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Whereas existence is the domain of the contingent and the intentional, the essence survives in the outer being intentional.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina's philosophy, especially the section relating to metaphysics, owes much to al-Farabi.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

The search for a definitive Islamic philosophy separate from ocationalism can be seen in what remains of his work.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Following al-Farabi's lead, Ibn Sina began a full investigation into the question of the being, in which he distinguished between essence (Mahiat) and existence (Wudah).


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

He argued that the fact of existence cannot be inferred from or accounted for with the essence of things that exist, and that form and matter itself cannot interact and derive the motion of the universe or the progressive actualization of the thing that exists.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Existence must, therefore, be due to agent-causes that necessitate, teach, give, or add existence to the essence.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

To do so, the cause must be the thing that exists and coexists with the effect.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Avicenna's consideration of the essential-attribute question can be explained in terms of ontological analysis of the modalities of being; namely impossibility, contingency, and necessity.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Avicenna argues that an impossible being is that which cannot exist, while its own contingent (mumkin bi-dhatihi) has the potential to be or not to be without involving contradiction.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

When actualized, the contingent becomes 'there is necessary because of what is other than itself' (obligatory al-manifest bi-ghayrihi).


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

So, the contingency in him is the potential beingness that could eventually be actualized by external causes other than itself.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

The metaphysical structure of needs and contingencies is different. A being is necessary because it is itself (obligatory al-manifest bi-dhatihi) true in itself, whereas a contingent being is 'false in itself' and 'true because of something else besides itself'.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

What is necessary is the source of one's own existence in the absence of borrowed.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

This is what it has always been.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

The Necessary exists' because-to-its-self ', and has no essence/essence (mahiyya) other than being (being).


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Furthermore, It is the 'One' (wahid ahad) [37] because there cannot be more than one 'needed-there's-because-to-hakikat' without differentia (fasl) to distinguish them from each other.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

However, to ask for differentia requires that they exist 'because-to-self' as well as 'because of what is other than themselves'; and this is contradictory.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

However, if no differentia distinguishes them from each other, then there is no sense in which these 'Existent' are not one and the same. [38]


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina added that 'needed-because-to-essential' has neither genus (jeans), nor definition (hadd), nor counterpart (nAdd) or opposite (do), and regardless (bari) of matter (madda), quality (kayf), quantity (kam), place (ain), situation (lump), and time (waqt) .


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Theology Avicenna was a devout Muslim and sought to reconcile rational philosophy with Islamic theology.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

The goal is to prove the existence of God and His creation from the scientific world and through reason and logic.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

[43] Avicenna's views on Islamic theology (and philosophy) were highly influential, forming part of the core of the curriculum in Islamic religious schools until the 19th century. [44]


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina wrote a number of short treatises dealing with Islamic theology.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

These treatises are included on the prophet (whom he viewed as an “inspired philosopher”), and also on various scientific and philosophical interpretations of the Quran, such as how the cosmological Quran fits into its own system of philosophy.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

In general these treatises related philosophical writings of Islamic religious ideas; for example, the afterlife of the body.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

There are occasional brief hints and allusions in his book of longer works however which Avicenna considered philosophy as the only plausible way to distinguish real prophecy from illusion.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

He did not state this more clearly because of the political implications of such a theory, if prophecy could be questioned, and also because most of the time he wrote short works concentrating on explaining his theories on philosophy and theology obviously, without straying to consider epistemological matters that only other philosophers can consider. [45]


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Later interpretations of Avicenna's philosophy were divided into three distinct schools; those (such as al-Tusi) who continued to apply his philosophy as a system for interpreting later political events and scientific progress; those (such as al-Razi) who considered Avicenna's theological work in isolation from broader philosophical concerns; and those (like al-Ghazali) who selectively used parts of philosophy to support their own efforts to gain greater spiritual insight through various mystical means.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

It was theological interpretation championed by men like al-Razi who eventually came to dominate in the madrasah. [46]


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Avicenna memorized the Qur'an at age ten, and as an adult, he wrote five treatises commenting on the surah of the Qur'an. One of these texts includes the Prophecy Prophecy, in which he comments on some verses of the Koran and holds the Quran in high esteem.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Avicenna argued that Islamic prophets should be considered higher than philosophers.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

[47] mind experiments While he was imprisoned in Fardajan castle near Hamadhan, Ibn Sina wrote his famous “Floating Man” — true fall man — thought experiment to show man self-awareness and holiness and immaterial soul.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina believes his “Floating Man” mind experiments show that the soul is substance, and claims humans cannot doubt their own consciousness, even in situations that prevent all sensory data input.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Thoughts experiment to its readers to imagine themselves being created at once while suspended in the air, isolated from all sensations, which include no sensory contact even with their own bodies.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

He argued that, in this scenario, we would still have self-awareness.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Since it is conceivable that a person, suspended while air disconnected from the experience of taste, would still be able to determine one's own existence, the experiment thought points to the conclusion that the soul is perfection, independent of the body and immaterial substance.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

The conceivability of this “Floating Man” suggests that the soul is considered intellectual, which includes the separateness of the soul from the body.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Avicenna referred to the living human intellect, especially the active intellect, which he believed to be a hypostasis through which God communicated truth to the human mind and instilled order and clarity with nature.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Works of Ibn Sina The number of works written by Ibn Sina (estimated between 100 to 250 pieces of title).


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

The extraordinary quality of his work and his involvement in the practice of medicine, teaching, and politics, demonstrate a remarkable level of ability.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Some of his very famous works include: Qanun fi Thib (Canon of Medicine) (Free translation: Rules of Medicine) Asy Syifa (consisting of 18 volumes of various kinds of sciences) An Najat Mantiq Al Masyriqin (Eastern Logic) In addition to his philosophical works, Ibn Sina left a number of essays and verse.


Question: What was Ibn Sina's age when he died?

Ibn Sina

Some of his famous essays are: Hayy ibn Yaqzhan Treatise Ath-Thair Risalah fi Sirr Al-Qadar Risalah fi Al- 'Isyq Tahshil as-Sa'adah and some of his most important Poems namely: Al-Urjuzah fi Ath-Thibb Al-Qasidah Al-Muzdawiyyah Al-Qasidah Al- 'Ainiyyah Reference Category:Birth 980 Category:Death 1037


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

Theology (Greek θεος, theos, “], God”, and λογια, logia, “words,” “sayings,” or “discourses”) is a discourse based on reason concerning religion, spirituality and God (cf. below, “Theology and other religions outside Christianity”).


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

Thus, theology is a science that studies everything related to religious beliefs.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

Theology encompasses everything related to God.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

Theologians attempt to use analysis and rational arguments to discuss, interpret and teach in any of the areas of religious topics.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

Theology enables one to better understand their own religious traditions or other religious traditions, help make comparisons between various traditions, preserve, update a particular tradition, help spread a tradition, apply sources from a tradition in a situation or present need, or for various other reasons.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

The word 'theology' comes from koine Greek, but gradually gained a new meaning when the word was taken in both Greek and Latin forms by Christian writers.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

Therefore, the use of this word, especially in the West, has a Christian background.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

However, today the term can be used for discourses based on reason in the environment or about various religions.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

In Christianity's own religious environment, the discipline of 'theology' spawned an awful lot of its sub-divisions.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

In the Christian church, early theology only addressed the teachings concerning God, then the meaning became broader, that was to discuss the entirety of Christian teachings and practices. [1]


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

In trying to formulate what is theological science, there are some elements that need to be considered, namely there would be no Christian theology without the belief that God acted or said specifically in Jesus Christ fulfilling the covenant with the people of Israel. [1]


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

In the Middle Ages, theology was a major subject in university schools and was commonly referred to as “The Queen of the Sciences”.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

In this case the science of philosophy is the basis that helps thought in theology.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

The history of the term The word “Theology” is taken from Hellenic Greek, but nevertheless its meaning has changed considerably through its use within Christian thought in Europe throughout the Middle Ages and the Age of Enlightenment.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

The term theologia is used in Classical Greek literature, with the meaning “discourse on the gods or cosmology” (see Lidell and Scott's Greek-English Lexicon for its reference).


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

Aristotle divided theoretical philosophy into mathematice, phusike and theologike.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

The theologike by Aristotle is approximately commensurate with metaphysics, which for Aristotle includes a discussion of the divine essence.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

Since then the term has been taken up by various Eastern as well as Western religious traditions.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

By borrowing from Greek sources, the Latin writer Varro distinguished these three forms of discourse: mythic (concerning the myths of the Greek gods), rational (philosophical analysis of the gods and cosmology) and civil (concerning religious rites and duties in the midst of society).


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

Christian writers, working with a Hellenistic framework, began to use this term to describe their studies.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

This word appears once in several scriptures of the Bible, in the title of the Book of Revelation: apocalupsis ioannou tou theologou, “revelation to John the theologos”.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

However, this word refers not to John the “theologian” in our present sense of language, but rather — using the meaning of the root of the word logos in a slightly different sense, and here is not intended as “rational discourse” but rather in the sense of “word” or “message”.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

Thus, the “theologos” here is intended as the one who conveys the word of God - logoi tou theou.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

Theology's citation is “faith that seeks understanding (fides quaerens intellectum).”


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

- Anselmus of Canterbury “Theology is an attempt to explain things unknown in the notions of those who do not deserve to know them.”


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

- HL Mencken “Authentic theology will not allow people to be obsessed with itself.”


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

- Thomas F. Torrance in Reality and Scientific Theology “Theology preaches not just what the Bible says, but also what it means.”


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

- J. Kenneth Grider in A Wesleyan-Holiness Theology (Kansas City: Beacon Hill, 1994), pp.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

“I don't need a fool who doesn't like music, because music is God's gift.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

Music can cast out Satan and make people happy, and thus they forget all anger, disloyalty, arrogance, and the like.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

After theology, I put music on its highest place and conferred upon him the highest majesty.”


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

— Martin Luther, quoted in Martin Marty, Martin Luther, 2004, p. 114.


Question: What is the theology of Christianity?

Theology

Reference See also Religion Agnosticism Apostasy Theology Ascetic Atheism Catholic Theology Apologetics Christian Ciptaanism Doctor of Divinity Exegesis Heresy Hierology History of theology Justification for faith Liberation Theology Natural Theology Neurotheology Odium theologicum Philosophy of religion Process theology Propitiation Theology queer Scholasticism Systematic theology see also Constructive Theology of Perfection (“Ontological and theological perfection”) Book of Urantia (various topics concerning theology circa 1925-1955) Outlinks (online sources) (Evangelical Theological Studies featuring audio and video sources, articles and discussion forums featuring experts) (online sources) (online sources) (online sources) (online sources) (online sources) (conservative Calvinist) (InterFaith) (Roman Catholic) (Protestant) (Protestant) (Protestant) (Protestant) Conservative Calvinist) (Sources of Reform theology) (Wesleyan/Chastity) (open/non-denominational) (Catholic, Ecumenical, Spirituality, Social Justice) (Dispensational conservative sources) by Vladimir Antonov Dialogue between Catholics and Evangelicals by David MacDonald Category:Christian Terms Category:Christian


Question: Who needs to be dropped Sodomy Law?

LGBT rights in Indonesia

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) groups in Indonesia face legal challenges and prejudice not experienced by non-LGBT citizens.


Question: Who needs to be dropped Sodomy Law?

LGBT rights in Indonesia

Traditional mores are less approving of homosexuality and cross-dressing, which impacts public policy.


Question: Who needs to be dropped Sodomy Law?

LGBT rights in Indonesia

For example, same-sex couples in Indonesia, or households headed by same-sex couples, are considered ineligible for the legal protections commonly afforded to married opposite-sex couples.


Question: Who needs to be dropped Sodomy Law?

LGBT rights in Indonesia

Most parts of Indonesia do not have sodomy laws and do not currently criminalize private and non-commercial homosexual behavior among adults, but laws in Indonesia do not protect the LGBT community against discrimination and hate crimes.


Question: Who needs to be dropped Sodomy Law?

LGBT rights in Indonesia

In Aceh, and for Muslims in the city of Palembang, homosexuality is illegal under Islamic Sharia law, and is threatened with flogging penalties.


Question: Who needs to be dropped Sodomy Law?

LGBT rights in Indonesia

Currently, Indonesia does not recognize same-sex marriages.


Question: Who needs to be dropped Sodomy Law?

LGBT rights in Indonesia

In July 2015, Religious Affairs Minister Lukman Hakim Saifuddin stated that it was unacceptable in Indonesia, as religious norms speak loudly against it. [1]