Question: When was the UN formed?

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The General Assembly (General Assembly) of the General Assembly is the main consultative assembly of the United Nations.


Question: When was the UN formed?

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Composed of all member states of the United Nations, the assembly meets annually under the elected leadership of the member states.


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During the initial two-week period of each session, all members have the opportunity to make speeches before the assembly.


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Usually the Secretary-General conducts the first speech, followed by the leadership of the council.


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The first hearing was held on 10 January 1946 at Westminster Central Hall in London, and was attended by representatives from 51 countries.


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When the General Assembly holds elections on important issues, a minimum two-thirds vote is required of all members present.


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Examples of these important issues include: recommendations on peace, and security; election of members for UN bodies; the entry, suspension, and expulsion of members; and budgetary matters.


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Moderate other issues are determined enough by majority vote.


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Each member state has one vote.


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Other than matters of budget approval, resolutions are not binding on members.


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The Assembly may make recommendations on any issue within the scope of the United Nations, except matters of peace, and security that are under Security Council consideration.


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Conceivably, with a one-state structure having one vote then it can happen that states representing from only eight percent of the population are able to pass resolutions with a two-thirds vote (see List of states by population count).


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However, since this resolution is nothing more than a recommendation, it is difficult to imagine a situation whereby when the recommendations of eight percent of the world's population would be followed by another ninety-two percent, if they all rejected the resolution.


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The Security Council (Security Council) is tasked with maintaining peace, and security between countries. [17]


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If the other organs of the United Nations can only make 'recommendations' to a member state's government, the Security Council has the power to make binding decisions that the governments of member states have agreed to implement, according to the provisions of Charter Article 25. [18]


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Council decisions are known as United Nations Security Council Resolutions.


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The Security Council consists of 15 member states, consisting of 5 permanent members—China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States—and 10 non-permanent members, currently, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Colombia, Gabon, Japan, Germany, India, Lebanon, Nigeria, Portugal, and South Africa. [19]


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The five permanent members hold veto power against substantive but not procedural resolutions, and allowing permanent members to block adoption but not ruling to block debate of a resolution is unacceptable to it.


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Ten temporary seats are held during two-year terms with member states elected by the General Assembly on a regional basis.


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The President of the Security Council is rotated alphabetically each month.


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The Secretariat of the United Nations Secretariat is headed by a UN Secretary-General, assisted by a staff of international civil servants from around the world.


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The primary task of a Secretary-General is to provide the research, information, and facilities required by UN bodies for their meetings.


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He also carries duties as ordered by the United Nations Security Council, the United Nations General Assembly, the UN Economic, and Social Council, and other UN bodies.


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The UN Charter makes clear that staff to be selected by the application of “the highest standards of efficiency, competence, and integrity,” with an eye to the importance of recruiting is geographically broad.


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The Charter stipulates that staff will not request or receive instructions from any authority other than the United Nations.


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Each member state of the United Nations is instructed to respect the international character of the Secretariat, and not seek to influence its staff.


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The Secretary-General himself is responsible for staff selection.


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The Secretary-General's duties include assisting in resolving international disputes, administration of peacekeeping operations, organizing international conferences, gathering information on the implementation of Security Council decisions, and consulting with member governments on various initiative.


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Key secretariats of offices in this area include the Office of the Coordinator of Humanitarian Affairs, and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.


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The Secretary-General can bring to the attention of the Security Council any issues that, in his opinion, could threaten peace, and international security.


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The Secretary-General of the Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who acts as de facto spokesman and leader of the United Nations, for a 5-year term.


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The current Secretary General is António Guterres, replacing Ban Ki-moon whose term was over on January 1, 2017. [20]


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Envisioned by Franklin D. Roosevelt as “moderator of the world”, this position was set out in the United Nations Charter as the organization's “chief administrative clerk”, [21] but it turned out that the UN Charter stated also that the duties of the Secretary-General could bring to the attention of the Security Council “any issue that in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security "[22].


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As such, the UN Charter has given greater scope to the position of action of this post on the world stage.


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This position has evolved into the dual role of an administrator of the United Nations organization, as well as a diplomat and a mediator in handling disputes between member states and finding consensus in dealing with global issues.


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The Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly, after being recommended by the United Nations Security Council, any member of which can veto [23].


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The General Assembly could theoretically ignore the Security Council's recommendations if a majority vote was not reached, although until now this had not been the case.


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In 1996, the Security Council adopted a set of guidelines for the selection process initiated by Nugroho Wisnumurti (Indonesian Permanent Ambassador to the United Nations at that time).


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The Vishnumurti Guidelines (Vishnumurti Guidelines) have influenced the selection process, including the use of colour-coded ballots to select candidates. [24]


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There were no specific criteria for the post, but for many years, it had been accepted that the post could be held for a term of one or two of five years, and would be appointed on the basis of geographical rotation, and that the Secretary-General did not come from one of the five member states fixed Security Council. [25]


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The International Court of Justice (ICJ), located in The Hague, Netherlands, is the main judicial body of the United Nations.


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Founded in 1945 by the United Nations Charter, the Court began work in 1946 as a successor to the Permanent Court of the International Judiciary.


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The Statute of the International Court, similar to its predecessor, is the primary document constituting constitutional, and governs the Court.


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The purpose of the International Court is to adjudicate and break disputes between international countries with the guidance of international treaties, international customs, legal principles applicable to civilized nations, jurisprudence and legal expert opinions.


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The court has heard cases relating to war crimes, illegal state meddling, and ethnic cleansing, among others, and continues to hear cases.


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This court has 15 international judges from 15 UN member states.


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Those judges are elected by the General Assembly and the United Nations Security Council for nine-year terms.


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The Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands, became the headquarters of the international Court of Justice by sharing the building with the Hague Academy of International Law, a private centre for the study of international law.


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Some time judges of the Court are either alumni or faculty members of that former Academy.


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A related tribunal, the International Criminal Court (ICC), began operations in 2002 through international discussions initiated by the United Nations General Assembly.


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This court is the first international tribunal remains charged with trying those who commit the most serious crimes under international law, including war crimes, and genocide.


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The ICC is functionally independent from the United Nations in terms of personnel, and funding, but some meetings of the ICC governing body, the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute, are held at the United Nations.


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There is a “treaty relationship” between the ICC and the UN governing how the two agencies regard each other legitimately.


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The Economic and Social Council of the Economic, and Social Council (ECOSOC) assists the General Assembly in promoting international economic, and social cooperation, and development.


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ECOSOC has 54 members, all of whom are elected by the General Assembly for three-year terms.


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The president is elected for a term of one year, and is sorted out among small or medium-sized powers residing in ECOSOC.


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ECOSOC meets once a year in July for a four-week session.


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Since 1998, he has held another meeting every April with finance ministers occupying key committees of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF).


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Viewed separately from the specialized bodies he co-ordinates, ECOSOC's functions include gathering information, advising member states, and making recommendations.


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In addition, ECOSOC is well positioned to provide policy coherence, and coordinate the overlapping functions of UN children's bodies and in these roles that ECOSOC is most active.


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ECOSOC Special Institutions There are many organizations, and UN bodies that function to work on specific issues within ECOSOC.


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The UN Charter states that each major organ of the United Nations can establish various specialized bodies to fulfill its duties.


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Some of the most notable institutions are the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Food and Agriculture Organization, UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Science, and Cultural Organization), the World Bank and the World Health Organization.


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It is through UN agencies that do most of the humanitarian work.


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Examples include mass vaccination programs (through WHO), avoidance of hunger, and malnutrition (through the work of the WFP) and protection of vulnerable communities, and refugees (e.g., by the UNHCR).


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Member states With the addition of South Sudan on 14 July 2011, there are currently 193 member states of the United Nations, including all countries that declared their respective independence, and recognized its sovereignty internationally, with the exception of the Vatican (Holy See, which holds sovereignty over the Vatican, is a permanent observer). [27]


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The UN Charter outlines the rules for membership: Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving countries that accept the obligations contained in this Charter and, according to the Organization's judgment, are able, and willing to carry out these obligations.


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Acceptance from that country to membership in the United Nations will be influenced by the decision of the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. [28]


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The Group of 77 Group of 77 at the United Nations is a loose coalition of developing countries, designed to promote the collective interests of the economies of its members, and create joint negotiating capabilities at the UN that are enhanced.


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There were 77 founding members of the organization, but the organization eventually expanded to 130 member states.


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The group was founded on 15 June 1964 by the “Joint Declaration of Seventy-Seven Countries” issued at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).


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The first meeting was held in Algiers in 1967, whereupon the Charter of Algiers was adopted, and the basis for a permanent institutional structure began.


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Other Objectives UN peacekeeping and security, once approved by the Security Council, is sending peacekeeping troops to areas where armed conflict has recently ceased or paused to enforce the terms of the peace agreement, and to deter combatants from both sides continued hostilities.


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Since the UN does not maintain its own military, peace forces are voluntarily provided by UN member states.


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Troops, also called “Blue Helmets”, who uphold the UN agreement, are awarded the UN Medal, which is considered an international decoration not a military decoration.


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The peacekeeping force as a whole received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1988. [29]


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The founders of the United Nations had considered that the organization would act to prevent conflict between countries, and make future war impossible, but the outbreak of the Cold War made a peace treaty very difficult because of the division of the world into hostile camps.


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Following the end of the Cold War, there were renewed calls for the United Nations to become an agent for achieving world peace, as there were several dozen ongoing ongoing conflicts around the world.


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A 2005 study by the RAND Corp. declared the United Nations a success in two of three peace efforts.


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It compared with the nation-building efforts of those of the United States, and found that seven out of eight U.N. cases were peaceful, compared to four out of eight U.S. cases were peaceful. [30]


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Also in 2005, the Human Security Report documented a decline in the number of wars, genocides, and human rights abuses since the end of the Cold War, and evidence, though circumstantial, that international activism—mostly spearheaded by the PBB—has been a major cause of the decline in conflict armed since the end of the Cold War. [31]


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Situations in which the United Nations not only acted to keep the peace, but also occasionally intervened included the Korean War (1950-1953), and the authorization of intervention in Iraq after the Persian Gulf War in 1990.


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The UN was also criticized for matters perceived as failures.


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In many cases, member states have shown reluctance to reach or implement Security Council resolutions, an issue stemming from the nature of the United Nations as an intergovernmental organization—seen by some as simply an association of 192 member states that should reach consensus, not an independent organization.


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Disputes within the Security Council about military action, and intervention were seen as failure to prevent the 1994 Rwandan Genocide, failing to provide humanitarian aid, and intervening in the Second Congo War, failing to intervene in the Srebrenica massacre of 1995, and protecting refugee haven by authorizing peacekeeping forces into the use of force, failure to deliver food to the starving in Somalia, failure to implement the provisions of Security Council resolutions dealing with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and continued failed to prevent genocide or provide aid in Darfur. UN peacekeeping forces have also been accused of child rape, sexual abuse or using prostitutes during peacekeeping missions, beginning in 2003, in Congo [32], Haiti [33], Liberia, Sudan [34], Burundi and Ivory Coast. [35]


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In 2004, former Israeli Ambassador to the United Nations Dore Gold criticized what he called the moral relativism of belonging to the organization in the face of (and occasionally supporting) genocide and terrorism that occurred between the moral clarity between the founding period, and the present day.


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Gold also specifically mentioned Yasser Arafat's 1988 invitation to address the General Assembly as a low point in UN history.


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In addition to peace, the United Nations is also active in encouraging disarmament.


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Armament regulations were also included in the writing of the UN Charter of 1945, and were seen as a way to limit the use of human resources, and the economy to create them. [36]


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However, the advent of nuclear weapons that came just weeks after the signing of the charter immediately halted the concept of arms limitations, and disarmament, resulting in the first resolution of the first meeting of the General Assembly requesting specific proposals for “the abolition of atomic weapons of the national armament and all the other big weapons that could be used as mass destruction. “[37]


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The main forums for disarmament issues are the First Committee of the General Assembly, the United Nations Commission on Disarmament, and the Conference on Disarmament, and considerations have been made about the merits of the ban on nuclear weapons testing, supervision of space weapons, the banning of chemical weapons and landmines, nuclear disarmament, and conventional weapons, nuclear-free zones, military budget reductions, and measures to strengthen international security.


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The United Nations is one of the official supporters of the World Security Forum (World Security Forum), a major international conference on the effects of global catastrophes, and disasters, which occurred in the United Arab Emirates, in October 2008.


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On 5 November 2010 Ivor Ichikowitz, founder, and executive chairman of Paramount Group, endorsed UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's call for more support, training, and equipment for African peacekeeping forces.


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Ichikowitz said that African Union troops should receive the same support as U.N. forces. [38]


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Human rights and humanitarian assistance Human rights enforcement was the main reason for the establishment of the United Nations.


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The atrocities, and genocide in World War II led to the emergence of a consensus that this new organization should work to prevent similar tragedies in the foreseeable future.


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The original goal was to create a legal framework to consider, and act on complaints about human rights abuses.


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The UN Charter requires all member states to promote “universal appreciation for, and adherence to, human rights” and take “joint and separate action” for it.


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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, though not legally binding, was adopted by the General Assembly in 1948 as one common standard of success for all.


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The Assembly regularly takes up human rights issues.


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The United Nations and its institutions are important bodies in upholding, and carrying out the principles enshrined in the General Statement on Human Rights.


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One example is support by the United Nations for countries in transition to democracy.


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Technical assistance in providing free, and fair elections, improving judicial structures, drafting constitutions, training human rights officials, and converting armed movements into political parties have contributed significantly to democratization worldwide.


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The United Nations has helped run elections in countries with little or no democratic history, including most recently in Afghanistan and East Timor.


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The United Nations is also a forum to support women's right to participate fully in the political, economic, and social life of their country.


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The United Nations contributes to raising awareness of the concept of human rights through treaties, and its attention to specific violations through General Assembly, Security Council resolutions, or the International Court of Justice.


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The United Nations Human Rights Council established in 2006 [39] aims to address human rights abuses.


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The Council is the successor to the United Nations Human Rights Commission, which is often criticized for granting high office to member states that do not guarantee the human rights of their own citizens. [40]


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The council has 47 members distributed on a territory basis, with each three-year term, and is unlikely to hold office for three consecutive times. [41]


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A candidate for the Human Rights Council must be approved by a majority of the General Assembly.


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In addition, the council has strict rules for membership, including a review of universal human rights.


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While some members with questionable human rights records have been singled out, this is fewer than ever with an increased focus on the human rights records of each member state. [42]


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The rights of some 370 million indigenous peoples worldwide are also a focus for the United Nations, with the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples approved by the General Assembly in 2007. [43]


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The Declaration outlines individual, and collective, rights to culture, language, education, identity, employment, and health, addressing post-colonial issues facing indigenous peoples for centuries.


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The Declaration aims to maintain, strengthen, and encourage the growth of indigenous, institutional culture, and traditions.


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The Declaration also prohibits discrimination against indigenous peoples, and encourages their active participation in matters that concern their past, present, and future.


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In conjunction with other organizations such as the Red Cross, the United Nations provides food, drinking water, shelter, and other humanitarian services to people suffering from hunger, displaced by war, or those affected by other disasters. [44]


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The main humanitarian branches of the United Nations are the World Food Programme (which helps feed more than 90 million people [45] in 73 countries [46]), the office of the High Commissioner for Refugees with projects in more than 116 countries, as well as peacekeeping projects in more than 24 countries. [47]


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Social and economic development The Millennium Development Goals eradicate extreme poverty, and hunger; achieve universal primary education; promote gender equality, and empower women; reduce child mortality; improve maternal health; combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases; ensure environmental sustainability; and develop global partnerships for development.


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The United Nations is involved in supporting development, for example by the formulation of Millennium Development.


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The Development Programme Agency (UNDP) is the largest multilateral source for technical grant assistance in the world.


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Organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), UNAIDS, and the Global Fund to Combat AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria are leader institutions in the battle against the disease worldwide, especially in poor countries.


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The United Nations Population Fund is the main provider of reproductive services. 32 UN agencies aimed to advance development coordinate their efforts through the United Nations Development Group or UNDG. [48]


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The United Nations also promotes human development through various relevant agencies, most notably by the UNDP.


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The World Bank Group and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), for example, are independent, and are specialized bodies, and observers within the framework of the United Nations, according to a treaty in 1947.


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They were originally formed separately from the United Nations through the Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944.


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The United Nations annually publishes its Human Development Index (IPM), some countries measure comparisons ranked by poverty, literacy, education, life expectancy, and other factors.


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The Millennium Development Goals are eight goals that all UN member states have agreed to try to achieve by 2015.


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Declared on the United Nations Millennium Declaration signed in September 2000.


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Mandates From time to time, different bodies of the United Nations issue resolutions containing operating paragraphs beginning with “request” the words, “call for”, or “encourage”, which the Secretary-General interprets as mandates to form temporary organizations or do something.


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These mandates could be as little as researching, and publishing written reports, or mounting massive peacekeeping operations (usually the exclusive domain of the Security Council).


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Although specialized institutions, such as the WHO, were originally constituted by this way, they are not the same as mandates because they are permanent organizations that exist independently of the United Nations with their own membership structure.


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One could say that the original mandate was only to cover the process of establishing such institutions, and therefore long expired.


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Most mandates expire after a limited period of time, and require an extension from the body, which regulates them.


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One result of the 2005 World Summit was a mandate (labeled id 17171) for the Secretary-General to “review all mandates older than five years derived from resolutions of the General Assembly and other organs”.


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To facilitate this review, and ultimately bring coherence to the organization, the Secretariat has produced an on-line registry mandating to draw together reports relating to each, and create an overall picture.


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Others During the lifetime of the United Nations, more than 80 colonies have achieved independence.


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The General Assembly adopted the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to the State, and the Colonial Society in 1960 without a challenging vote but all the major colonial powers voted abstain.


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Through the United Nations Committee on Decolonization, established in 1962, the United Nations has focused attention on decolonization.


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It also supported new states standing down as a result of self-determination initiatives.


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The committee has overseen the decolonisation of any country greater than 20,000km² and removed them from the UN list of Non-Self-ruled Territories, apart from Western Sahara, a country larger than Britain that was only relinquished by Spain in 1975.


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The United Nations declares, and coordinates international anniversaries, a period of time to observe some issue or issue of international importance.


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Using UN symbolism, a logo specifically designed for this year, and the infrastructure of the UN System, the various days, and years have been catalysts for pushing key issues of concern on a global scale.


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For example, World Tuberculosis Day, Earth Day and the International Year of Desert and Desertification.


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UN funding is financed from assessed donations, and is voluntary from its member states.


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The General Assembly approves routine budgets, and determines donations for each member.


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This is broadly based on the relative capacity of the paying ability of each country, as measured by their Gross National Income (PNB), by adjustments for foreign debt, and low per capita income. [50]


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The Assembly has established the principle that the United Nations should not rely too heavily on any one member to finance its operations.


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Thus, there is a level “ceiling”, setting the maximum amount of donations each member assessed for a routine budget.


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In December 2000, the Assembly revised the assessment scale to reflect current global circumstances.


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As part of that revision, the routine budget ceiling was reduced from 25% to 22%.


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The US is the only member to have met the ceiling.


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In addition to ceiling levels, the minimum amount assessed for each member state (or 'floor' level) is set at 0.001% of the UN budget.


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In addition, for less developed countries (LDCs), a ceiling rate of 0.01% is applied. [51]


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The current operating budget is estimated at $4,190,000,000 for the biennial period from 2008 to 2009, or slightly more than 2 billion dollars per year (see table for major contributors). [51]


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A significant portion of the UN spending is for the UN's core mission, which is peace, and security.


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The peacekeeping budget for the 2010-2011 fiscal year is approximately $7 billion, with approximately 90,000 troops deployed in 14 missions worldwide. [52]


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U.N. peace operations are funded by assessments, using a formula derived from ordinary funds, but include weighted surcharges for the five permanent members of the Security Council, which must approve all peacekeeping operations.


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These additional costs serve to offset reduced peacekeeping tariffs from less developed countries.


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As of January 1, 2008, the top 10 financial contribution providers assessed at UN peacekeeping operations were: United States, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, China, Canada, Spain, and Republic of Korea Special United Nations programs not included in routine budgets (such as UNICEF, WFP and UNDP) are funded by voluntary donations from other member state governments.


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Most of these donations are financial contributions, but some are in the form of agricultural commodities donated to help populations in need.


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Because their budgets are voluntary, many of these institutions suffer from underfunding during the economic recession.


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In July 2009, the World Food Programme reported that he had been forced to cut services due to insufficient funding. [53]


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The PPD has received almost a quarter of the total needed for the 09/10 financial year.


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The policies of the United Nations Personnel and its institutions are immune to the laws of the country in which they operate, to maintain the impartiality of the United Nations with respect to the host country, and members. [54]


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Although they are relatively independent in terms of human resources policy, the United Nations and its institutions voluntarily implement the laws of member states regarding same-sex marriage, so decisions about the status of employees in a same-sex partnership are based on nationality of those employees.


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United Nations

The United Nations and its agencies recognize same-sex marriages only if that employee is a citizen of the countries that recognize same-sex marriages.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

The practice does not specifically address recognition of same-sex marriages but reflects the general practice of the United Nations for a number of human resources issues.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

It is also worth noting that some agencies provide limited benefits to domestic partners of their staff, and some agencies do not recognize same-sex marriages or domestic partnerships of their staff.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

Reform Since its founding, there have been many calls to reform the United Nations, though almost no one has agreed how to do so.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

Some want the United Nations to play a greater or more effective role in world affairs, while others want its role reduced to humanitarian work. [55]


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

There are also a number of proposals already the addition of membership of the United Nations Security Council, another means for the election of a UN Secretary-General and for the establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

The United Nations has also been accused over the dumping of resources, and inefficient bureaucracy.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

During the 1990s, the United States delayed payment of dues on grounds of inefficiency, and only began payment with the condition that a reform initiative would be held.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

In 1994, the Office of Internal Services Supervision (OIOS) was established by the General Assembly as an efficiency watchdog. [56]


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

An official reform program was started by Kofi Annan in 1997.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

Those reforms included changing the permanent membership of the Security Council (which today mirrors power relations in 1945), making the bureaucracy more transparent, accountable, and efficient, making the United Nations more democratic, and beginning to plan an Arms Trade Pact. [57]


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

In September 2005, the United Nations held a World Summit attended by most heads of member states, calling the iu meeting a “once-in-a-generation opportunity to take bold decisions in the areas of development, security, human rights and reform of the United Nations- Nation. “[58]


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

Kofi Annan has proposed that meeting participants agree to a global “grand bargain” for UN reform, renew the organization's focus on peace, security, human rights, and development, and to make it better prepared in the face of problems in the 21st century.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

The World Summit Results Document describes the conclusions of the meeting, including: the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission, to help developing countries from conflict; a Human Rights Council, and a democratic fund; a clear, and unambiguous condemnation of terrorism “in all forms and manifestations”; agreements to devote more resources to the Office of Internal Oversight Services; agreements to spend billions more in achieving the Millennium Development Goals; the dissolution of the Board of Guardianship, because its mission is already resolved; and, agreement that individual countries, with assistance from the international community, have a “responsibility to protect” populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity—with the understanding that the international community is ready to act” collectively” and “timely and decisively” to protect vulnerable civilians if a country “manifestly fails” in fulfilling its responsibilities. [59]


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

The Office of Internal Oversight Services is being restructured to clarify its scope, and mandate, and will receive more resources.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

In addition, to improve the supervisory, and audit capabilities of the General Assembly, an Independent Audit Advisory Committee (IAAC) is being created.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

In June 2007, the Fifth Committee created a draft resolution for this committee's frame of reference. [60] [61] An ethics office was established in 2006, and is responsible for carrying out new financial disclosure, and whistleblower protection policies.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

In cooperation with the OIOS, the ethics office also plans to implement policies to avoid fraud, and corruption. [62]


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

The Secretariat is in the process of reviewing all UN mandates older than five years.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

This review is aimed at determining which programs are duplicates or unnecessary that should be eliminated.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

Not all member states agree on which mandates among the more than 7000 mandates should be reviewed.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

The dispute centers on whether the renewed mandates should be examined [63] Indeed, the identified obstacles - in particular, the lack of information about the resource implications of their respective mandates - constitute sufficient justification for the General Assembly to stop the mandate review in September 2008.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

Meanwhile, the General Assembly launched a number of new initiatives loosely related to reform in April 2007, covering international environmental governance, 'Aired as One' on a country level to enhance the consolidation of activities of UN programs and gender organizations that are united.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

While the achievement of the first 2 issues was small, the General Assembly in September 2010 approved the establishment of “UN Women” or PBB/UN Women Women as the new UN organization for gender equality, and women's empowerment.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

'UN Women was founded by uniting the resources and mandates of four small unities for greater impact.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

The first head of UN Women was Michelle Bachelet, former President of Chile. [64]


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

Effectiveness Some have questioned whether the United Nations is still relevant in the 21st century. [65]


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

While the first and second mandates of the UN Charter require the United Nations:.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

“To maintain international peace and security...


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

(And if necessary to enforce peace by) taking precautions or enforcement. "[66], due to the restrictive structure of the administration, permanent members of the Security Council themselves sometimes prevent the United Nations from fully carrying out the first two mandates. [67]


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

Without the unanimous consent, support (or minimum abstaining) of all 5 of the permanent members of the UN Security Council, the UN Charter only allows for “observing”, reporting, and making recommendations on international conflicts.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

Such unanimity in the Security Council about authorizing armed UN law enforcement action is not always achieved in time to prevent the outbreak of international war.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

Even with all the obstacles, and limitations on the UN's ability to respond to conflict situations, various studies still have found the UN has had many notable successes in its 65 years of existence.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

In 1962 U.N. Secretary-General U Thant provided valuable assistance, and took much time, effort, and initiative as the lead negotiator between Nikita Khrushchev and John F. Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis, thus providing an important link in the prevention of a nuclear war at a time The. [68]


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

A 2005 election by the RAND Corporation found the United Nations succeeding in two of three peace efforts.


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

The study also compared U.N. efforts for nation-building with those of the United States, and found that seven out of eight U.N. cases were peaceful, contrary to four out of eight peaceful U.S. cases [69] Also in 2005, the Human Security Report documented a decline in numbers war, genocide, and human rights violations (Human Rights) since the end of the Cold War, and evidence, though circumstantial, that international activism - mostly spearheaded by the United Nations - has been the main cause of the decline in armed conflict since the end of the Cold War. [70]


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

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Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

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Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

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United Nations

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United Nations


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

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Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations


Question: When was the UN formed?

United Nations

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Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

[1] Mass media or Press is a term that began to be used in the 1920s to term a type of media specifically designed to reach a very wide society.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

In everyday talk, the term is often shortened to media.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Societies with low economic levels have a higher dependence and need for mass media than societies with high economic levels due to their limited choices.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Societies with higher economic levels have more choice and access to many mass media, including asking directly on sources or experts versus relying on information they can from certain mass media.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Definition of the Press according to experts of Law No. 40 of 1999 on PerSPERS is a social institution and mass communication vehicle that carries out journalistic activities that include seeking, obtaining, owning, storing, processing, and conveying information both in the form of writing, sound, image, sound and image, as well as data and graphics or in other forms using print media, electronic media, and all kinds of channels available.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

R Eep Saefulloh FatahPers is the fourth pillar for democracy (the fourth estate of democracy) and has an important role in building trust, credibility, even legitimacy of the government.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The press as the 4th pillar is that the press has a function that is as a means of social control in democratic life.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The control function makes the function of the press in society more strengthened.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The press is expected to function to cover both sides (see the point of view of news from two sides) which must be maintained because the press is a social control tool for the government so that the press becomes the media to deliver people's aspirations towards the government.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

As well as the press must also have a gate keeper function where it must filter in each passing.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

It is hoped that the function of the press can educate good for the public and can be a good support between the government and the public.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Oemar Seno Adji Pers in a narrow sense, that is, broadcast-broadcasting thoughts, ideas, or news with the written word Press in a broad sense, that is, including in it all mass communications media that emits a person's thoughts and feelings both with written words and with oral.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Indonesian General Dictionary means: a printing tool for printing books or newspapers a tool to clamp or condense newspapers and magazines that contain news of people working in the field of newspaper.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Kustadi SuhandangPers is the art or skill of seeking, collecting, processing, composing, and presenting news about events that happen everyday beautifully, in order to meet all the needs of the conscience of the audience like Wilbur SchrammIn his book Four Theories of the Press that written by Wilbur Schramm et al put forward 4 of the biggest theories of the press, namely the authotarian, the libertarian, the social responsibility and the soviet communist theory.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The four theories refer to one sense of the press as observers, teachers, and forums that convey their views on many things that come forward in the middle of McLuhanpers as the extended man, that is, linking one place to another and one event with other events at the same moment Raden Mas Djokomonopers is who formed the general opinion through writing in newspapers.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

This opinion was able to burn the spirit of the fighters in fighting for the rights of the Indonesian people during the Dutch colonization of the History of the Press in Indonesia during the Dutch colonial period in 1615 by order of Jan Pieterzoon Coen, who later in 1619 became Governor General of the VOC, published “Memories der Nouvelles”, which was written by hand.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Thus, it can be said that the first “newspaper” in Indonesia was a VOC government publishing.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

In March 1688, arrived the first printing press in Indonesia from the country of the Netherlands.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Upon the intrusion of the government, published the first printed newspaper and in its introductory number contained the provisions of the treaty between the Netherlands and the Sultan of Makassar.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

After the first newspaper then published newspapers that were attempted by printing-printmaking owners in several places in Java.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The newspaper is more in the form of an advertising newspaper. Its function was to help the Dutch colonial administration during the Japanese Occupation During this time, Indonesian newspapers that originally tried and stood alone were forced to merge into one, and all fields of business were adapted to the plans as well as the goals of the Japanese army to win what they named the “Dai Toa Senso” or Greater East Asia War.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Thus, in the days of Japanese occupation the press was a tool of Japan.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The news and garlands loaded were merely pro-Japanese.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The period of Physical Revolution The role that has been carried out by our press in the moment when the proclamation of independence was initiated, in itself in line with the struggle of the Indonesian people.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Not even a few of the journalists directly participated in the proclamation efforts.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The motto “Once Merdeka Remain Merdeka” became a firm grip for journalists.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The period from 1945 to 1949 commonly named the period of “physical revolution”, brings its own complexion in the nature and function of our press.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

In this period our press can be classified into two categories, namely first, press published and attempted in areas controlled by the allied occupation, then the Netherlands, and secondly the press that was published in areas controlled by RI which then participated in guerrilla.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The period of Liberal Democracy In these actions the role that has been done by the republican press is very large.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The Republic of Indonesia, which was not in accordance with the wishes of the people finally dispersed with the re-formation of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia on 17 August 1950.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

In this time to gain the influence and support of general opinion, our press which generally represents conflicting political streams, abusing the freedom of the press, which sometimes transcends the boundaries of decency.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Period of Leaded Democracy The period that occurred in the time of led democracy is often referred to as the era of the Old Order.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

This period occurred during the formation of the Working Cabinet led by President Soekarno, as a follow-up to the issuance of the Presidential Decret 5 July 1959 until the eruption of the Movement 30 September 1965.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

As we know that the state of the press in Indonesia during the New Order was authoritarian, it can be known that the press always gets pressure from the government.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The press is not allowed to skew news around the government.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The authoritarian model press system forces the press to always submit to the government, the existence of the press in Indonesia, closely supervised by the government under the auspices of the lighting department.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

This was done to anticipate bad things in the new order government until it was followed by society.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The press can do nothing but obey the ruled.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Thus, what happens is that people's aspirations for government cannot be channeled at all.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The life of the press at the time of orba was of great concern because it was always overseen by the government.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The existing media institutions are generally not given the opportunity to develop their creations in lifting a reality, moreover, the government performs the function of control over the course of the press. [2] When the nature of the New Order is characterized by development activities in all fields, the life of our press also underwent changes by itself because the press reflected the situation and conditions of the people's life in which the press was moving.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The press as a means of lighting/communication is one of the vital tools in the development process.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

In the time of the New Order, it turned out that it did not mean that the life of the press experienced freedom that matched the demands and aspirations of society


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The occurrence of press bredelling in these times becomes a barrier for the people to convey their aspirations and fight for their rights in the life of society, nation, and state.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Reform Period One of the services of B.J. Habibie's administration after the New Order to be thankful for is a free press.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

President Habibie's administration has a big share in giving up freedom of the press, even though perhaps freedom of the press is detrimental to his position as president.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The development of the Press In Indonesia The development of the press in Indonesia began in the publication of the first newspaper, namely Bataviasche Novelles en Politique Raisonemnetan published August 7, 1774.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Later appeared several Malay-language newspapers, including Slompet Melajoe, Bintang Soerabaja (1861), and Medan Prijaji (1907).


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The oldest magazine is Panji Islam (1912s) The first Chinese peranakan newspaper appeared was Li Po (1901), then Sin Po (1910).


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The first newspaper in Indonesia to broadcast the text of the Proclamation of Independence 17 August 1945, on 18 August 1945 was the newspaper Soeara Asia.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

After that, the national newspapers that contain the text of the proclamation are Tjahaja (Bandung), Asia Raja (Jakarta), and Asia Baroe (Semarang).


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The complexion of political life, ideology, culture, level of progress of a nation greatly affects the press system in a country.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

In general, around the world there is a pattern of government policies towards an authoritarian and democratic press.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

There are variations and combinations, depending on the level of development of each country.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Some are quasi authoritarian, some are quasi democratic, and so on.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Types of mass media Traditional mass media Traditional mass media are mass media with authority and have a clear organization as mass media.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Traditionally mass media is classed as follows: newspapers, magazines, radio, television, movies (big screen).


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

In this type of media there are characteristics such as: Information from the environment is selected, translated and distributed Mass media into intermediaries and send information through certain channels.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The recipient of the message is not passive and is part of the community and selects the information they receive.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Interactions between news sources and recipients are few.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Modern mass media As time goes by and the development of technology and social culture, other media have developed which are then grouped into mass media such as the Internet and mobile telephony.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

In this type of media there are characteristics such as: The source can transmit its message to many recipients (via SMS or Internet for example) The content of the message is not only provided by an institution or organization but also by an individual No intermediary, interaction occurs in individuals Communication flow (takes place) into the Recipient which determines the timing of interaction of the Press Function Under the provisions of article 33 of Law No. 40 of 1999 on the press, the function of the press is as a medium of information, education, entertainment and social control.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Meanwhile, Article 6 of the National Press Law carries out the following role; Fulfilling people's right to know uphold the basic values of democracy and encourage the realization of the supremacy of law and human rights.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

In addition, the press must also respect the perdition of developing a general opinion based on precise, accurate information and benr conducting supervision. [1]


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

As a perpetrator of Press Information Media it provides and provides information about events that happen to the public, and the public buys newspapers because it requires information.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The function of Press Education is as a means of mass education (mass education), the press contains writings that contain knowledge so that people increase knowledge and insight.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The Press Entertainment function also contains things that are entertainment to compensate for heavy news (hard news) and weighty articles.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

It takes the form of short stories, concatenated stories, illustrated stories, crosswords, corners, and caricatures.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Social Control Function This function contains a democratic meaning in which there are the following elements: Social participation (people's participation in government) Social responsibility (government accountability to the people) Social support (support of the people to the government) Social control (community control of government actions) As an Economic Institute of the Press is a company engaged in the field of press can amfaat the state in its sector as a selling value so that the press as a social institution can gain maximum profit from the result of its prodduction for the survival of the press agency itself.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Distortion of freedom of mass media Distortion of mass media freedom in performing its functions include: through the regulation of mass media: according to the legislation of article 28 of the 1945 Constitution and Law No.11 of 1996 on the press has actually guaranteed freedom of the press. Articles 4 and 8 of the Act provide a guarantee of no censorship, no prohibition of any citizen wishing to set up a press company. This is an important indicator of press freedom. Example: Antasari case reporting involving a woman named Rani by one of the TV stations.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The case here is because they only use secondary sources, such as Rani's family and Rani's neighbors, not from primary sources.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Article violated is article 3 which reads Indonesian journalists always test information, preach in balance, do not mix judgmental facts and opinions, and apply the principle of presumption of innocence.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Bureaucracy or power apparatus: besides due to distortion of statutory regulations, control of press freedom by government can also occur through the behavior of the apparatus.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

During the orba period, there were various behaviors of the apparatus trying to control the freedom of the press, including done by sending reprimands to editors, committing physical violence to journalists, and killing journalists.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Example: Cirebon city DPRD member Udin Saefullah rampaged in the building of the representative of the people who did not accept after the news appeared in the local mass media who called himself did not go back despite having registered as one of the legeslative candidates from Hanura party.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

He even threatened to hit journalists if he remained to lever his position as a member of parliament.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

People's vigilante actions to the media: the freedom of the press guaranteed by Law No.40 of 1999 turned out to be used irresponsibly by some of the mass media.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The freedom is utilized to induce sensations.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

A number of individuals or community groups feel aggrieved by the news. They punish the press by going to the media office and then carrying out threats and terror, carrying out the reimbursement of journalists, to the destruction of the media office.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Example: at the time of the presidential election in 2014, the polling results reported on TVOne station and other TV stations experienced differences in polling results.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

So people have confusion in the quick calculation, and in the end there are people who protest to TVOne station by criticizing it.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The behavior of the press itself. In practice, it turns out that not only factors outside the press potential to control press violence, such as legislation, apparatus actions, control of press freedom turned out to be sourced from the press company itself.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The media tends to present the entertainment side rather than provide information, political news tends to be presented with politicians' personal peeling rather than their thinking and performance, news presented tends to be poor in meaning and make readers be cynical about the realities of everyday life.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Example: like MNCTV electronic media, the media always presents about the advantages of the owner of the media, namely Harry Tanoesodibjo, this is done by the media because the owner wants to run for president in the next election period.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

But after the strongest case Antasari dragged his name, then the good image of Harry Tanoesodibjo in the community was slightly smudged.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

It can be ensured that the media lacks professionalism in terms of advertising broadcasting and always siding with its own owners and not being neutral.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The influence of mass media on culture According to Karl Erik Rosengren media influence is quite complex, the impact can be seen from: small scale (individual) and wide (community) speed, namely fast (in a matter of hours and days) and slow (tens of years/centuries) the impact occurred.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The influence of media can be traced from the function of mass communication, Harold Laswell in his classic 1948 article posited a simple model often cited for communication models until now, namely: Who (who) The message what (says what) The channel used (in what channel) To whom (to whom) What is the impact (with what effect) This model is the outline of the basic elements of communication.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

From the model, Laswell identified three of the four functions of the media.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The functions of mass media on culture The function of surveillance (surveillance), the provision of information about the environment.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The linking function (correlation), in which occurs the presentation of the choice of solution to a problem.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The function of cultural transfer (transmission), the presence of socialization and education.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Function entertainment (entertainment) introduced by Charles Wright who developed the Laswell model by introducing a twelve-category model and a list of functions.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

On this model Charles Wright added an entertainment function.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Wright also distinguishes between positive function (function) and negative function (dysfunction).


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The influence of mass media on the person Slowly but effectively, the media shapes its viewers' views on how one perceives his person and how one should relate to the everyday world [3] First, the media shows its viewers how standard life is worthy of a human being, from here the viewer judges whether their environment is already decent, or whether he has met that standard - and this picture is much influenced from what viewers see from the media.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Secondly, the offers made by the media can affect what their viewers want, for example the media illustrates the ideal family life, and its viewers begin to compare and talk about those family life, where the illustrative family life is seen so perfect that their mistakes become the menu of the daily talk of their viewers, or they begin to laugh at the strange behavior of the character and the little things that happen to the character.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Third, visual media can meet the needs of its viewers for a better personality, smart, beautiful/handsome, and strong.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

For example, young children quickly identify them as wizards like Harry Potter, or king's daughters like Disney figures.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

For adult viewers, this idolization process happens more subtly, perhaps teen ABG will mimic their idol's speech style, mimicking the way they dress.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

While for adults they communicate the images they see with the picture they want for them more subtly.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Maybe when we comb our hair a certain way we see ourselves as similar “lupus hairstyles”, or use glasses a'la “Note the Boy”.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Fourth, for teenagers and young people, they not only stop as spectators or listeners, they also become “deciders”, where they determine the direction of popular media when they express and put forward their opinions.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The bidding made by the media could be in favor of his audience getting better or deflating his confidence.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The media can make its viewers feel happy about themselves, feel enough, or feel inferior to others.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Freedom of the Press in Indonesia With the freedom of mass media has finally undergone a shift towards liberal in recent years.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

It represents freedom of the press of two types: Negative Freedom and Positive Freedom.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Negative freedom is a freedom related to the society in which the mass media it lives.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The freedom in question is freedom from the interfence of outside parties of mass media organizations that seek to control, restrict or direct such mass media.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Positive freedom is the freedom that mass media has organizationally in determining the content of media.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

This relates to the control exercised by media owners and media managers over producers, editors and controls imposed by editors on their employees. [4]


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Both types of freedom, when looking at the current state of Indonesian mass media can basically be said to have been obtained by our mass media.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Indeed, the freedom obtained in reality is not absolute, in the sense that mass media has positive freedom and negative freedom which is sometimes high or can be said to be free free without the slightest control.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The relationship between Press and Journalistic Press and Journalism is a unity engaged in broadcasting information, entertainment, information, and lighting.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

What this means is that between the press and journalistic have a close relationship.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

The press as a medium of mass communication will not be useful if the dish is far from journalistic principles.


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

On the contrary, journalistic work will not be useful without being presented by the press as its medium, it should even be said that the press is a special medium to be used in realizing and conveying journalistic work to audiences (Kustadi Suhandang, 2004:40).


Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

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Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

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Question: What is a medium of time?

Mass media

Category:Communication


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Superman (Indonesian: “Lemlaki Super”), is a fictional super hero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Superman has widely been regarded as a cultural icon symbolizing the cultural power of the United States. [2] [3] [4] [5] In English, Superman is also known as “The Man of Steel” (“The Man of Steel”) “The Man of Tomorrow” (“The Man of the Future”) and “The Last Son of Krypton” (“The Last Son of Krypton” Planet Krypton”).


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Superman was given the nickname by his superhero friend with the nickname “The Big Blue Boy Scout” (“The Big Blue Boy Scout Boy”), [6] Invented by a Canadian artist, Joe Shuster, and U.S. writer Jerry Siegel in 1932 when they were teenagers in Cleveland, Ohio and later sold it to Detective Comics, Inc. in 1938.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Superman first appeared in the Action Comics series (“Action Comics”) issue #1 in the United States (June 30, 1938) and later also appeared in numerous radio drama series, television shows, big screen movies, newspapers, comics, novels, and English-language video games.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

With the success of his adventures, Superman helped create a variety of superheroes and the popularity of comic books of the United States.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

The origin of Superman's early character When Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster first created Superman, it was not a superhero who always helped other humans, but a genius bald psychopath with telepathic powers who was about to rule the entire world.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

He appeared on a short story entitled “The Reign of the Super-Man” from Science Fiction #3, a magazine published by Siegel in 1933. [7]


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Due to the undoing of this character, in the end “Bald Superman” was later rewritten by Siegel in 1933 as a hero, different from previous villainous characters, taking models from actor Douglas Fairbanks Sr. and his alter ego Clark Kent, from comedic actor Harold Lloyd. [8] [9] The bald and evil Superman later became an archenemy of Superman named Lex Luthor.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Changes in the character of Superman As told in Action Comics issue #1, Superman was born on the planet Krypton under the name Kal-El, and when still an infant was launched with a rocket to Earth by his father, Jor-El, shortly before the planet was destroyed.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

The rocket then lands on Earth, in a field, which is discovered by Kent's couple, Jonathan Kent and Martha Kent, who later adopt it and are named Clark Kent.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

As a growing child, he found that he controlled a power far above ordinary mortals and used his power to help others.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

To hide the secret of his identity while not dealing with villains as a Superman, he lives as Clark Kent, a finely dispositioned mortal, a reporter for The Daily Star (later renamed The Daily Planet).


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Clark worked alongside reporter Lois Lane, and engaged a story of romance with her, and is told married in the continued story of her comic.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

The S Superman logo was the first super hero character to wear an emblem or a logo on his chest.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

The original character design did not wear any emblems, but due to the development of times and times, the “S” sign was added.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

For its creators “S” stands for “Shield” (tameng).


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

The original Logo was the cheat sheet of the Police Badge in America, but after superman became famous, the logo was better known as “The Knight Shield”.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

But the “S” Sign until now has many meanings adapted to the development of the era and the interpretation of the fans.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Starting from simply an abbreviation of the word “Superman” to being connected with Jewish belief, as well as the last Symbol “S” meaning “Hope” or hope (as told in the film Man of Steel).


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Personality Characteristics At the beginning of the creation by Siegel and Shuster, Superman had a rough and aggressive personality.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Characters seen in a move to stop domestic violence, the land leeches, gangsters and mobsters, with less brute and lacking a moral code for the audience can use at this point.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Then there are writers who have softened these characters and instilled a sense of moral idealism and a code of conduct.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Although not as chilling/ as cold as the Batman character was at the beginning of emergence, Superman appeared in 1930s comics telling of his disregard for the danger his powers could pose, catapulting the villains in a way if it would lead to the deaths that occurred, though this is not rarely shown explicitly on the page.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

This story comes to an end in 1940, when a new editor named Whitney Ellsworth provided a code of conduct for this character, forbidding Superman to ever kill anyone. [10]


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

At this time the character of Superman is portrayed as a Pandu which is in great contradiction to the actions of the other super hero that is Batman.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

He always protects people who need help, common criminals, supervillains and others.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Personal data Real name: Clark Kent (Planet Earth)/Kal-El (Planet Krypton) Status: Married Height: 6'3" (192.024cm) Weight: 102.1kg Eye color: Blue Hair: Black Alias: Man of Steel, Man Of Tomorrow, Last son of Krypton, and Krypton's favorite son Occupation: Adventurer, newspaper reporter, columnist, novelist, former editor, Group Affiliation: Justice League of America (current); Justice League International Address: Metropolis, United States Family Jor-El - biological father; died; Lara - biological mother; died; Jonathan Kent - adoptive father, Martha Clark Kent - adoptive mother; Lois Lane - wife ; Harry Kent - adoptive uncle; Sarah Kent - adoptive aunt; Jason White - biological son; Kara Danvers (Earth)/Kara Zor-El (Planet Krypton) - Cousin (A Supergirl); Seyg-El - grandfather The comic series Superman Comics with the role of Superman itself was not as successful as it was at the beginning of its appearance.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Superman then joined the JLA group as its leader and became a separate comic.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

On the other hand Superman does a Cross-Over with other DC heroes like Superman vs Batman and so on.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

“The Death of Superman” (“The Death of Superman”) Superman being the leader of the Justice League of America is not separated from internal matters such as the disciplinary problems of its members.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

And also other super heroes in the eyes of the residents.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

After successfully helping the creature from the underground, Superman who has finished with his task decides to head to the studio for a private television interview.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

In the interview was revealed some common things such as the disciplinary problems of JLA members.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Before finishing the interview, a call comes and Superman flies off to save the world.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

The call came from members of the JLA confronting a monster called Doomsday (Indonesian: “Doomsday”).


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

No matter how strong the JLA tried to stop but did not succeed.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

More surprising things, the combined attacks they carried out had no effect on him.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

It even destroyed his Limiter tool.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Useful tools reduce the power of the monster.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

The JLA includes Superman who helped unsuccessfully stop.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Doomday walks calmly towards the city.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

With the latter's strength, Superman chases after him and attempts to defeat Doomday before many casualties arise.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

The fight goes on exciting until Superman finds out his weakness he is in the horns surrounding his body.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

With all his might he fights aided by flying special forces.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Super-girl trying to resist must fall and be seriously injured.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Doomsday is successfully defeated by being paid handsomely, Superman dies.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Died in the lap of his beloved lover.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

“The World Without Superman” (“The World Without Superman”) The story is the bridge between his death and the return of the superhuman.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Here it is told how much Louis lost Clark, the JLA who felt indebted to Superman and did Superman's job of being santa claus on Christmas day.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Some instead attempted to steal it and were later returned.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Lex Luthor who becomes an evil character in comics is not clearly raised on his grief about losing a figure to be defeated.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

This story ends with the disappearance of Superman?


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

But from the seen no one kidnapped him but Superman himself rose up?


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

“Return of Superman” (“The Return of Superman”) Superman lost on the previous tale abruptly reappears but in a different form.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

He was wearing red glasses and was very rude.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Louis felt that he was indeed Superman but his tone was very different.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Meanwhile another Superman appears suggesting that he is the Superman because he is a clone of the hero.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

This Superman does not want to be called out as Superboy.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Another Superman is shaped like an iron man or called Man of Steel.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Unlike the rest of the Supermans, the Man of Steel looks more like Superman to his soul.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

The helper soul and willing to be willing to take responsibility.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Meanwhile the last Superman is a superman whose body is almost entirely a robot.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Forensics and research show most likely his body is that of superman.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

But behind it all.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

A mysterious creature is heading towards the Earth.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Meanwhile from the north pole, a person enters the robot and walks towards Metropolis.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Crosses “DC Versus Marvel” In 2007, a site held a selection of superheroes with the strongest power titled “The Most Strength Superhero” (Indonesian: “The Strongest Super Hero”).


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Here are the one to third positions. 1.The Incredible Hulk (from Marvel comic) 2.Superman (from DC comic) 3.The Thing from the Fantastic Four (from Marvel comic) But later, DC in collaboration with Marvel published a combined comic titled “DC versus Marvel”.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

On this comic brings together several DC figures against Marvel figures.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

And among these brought together the 1st winner The Incredible Hulk who was brought together against Supeman.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

And at this fight, Superman manages to defeat The Incredible Hulk which means ducking the opinion that the Hulk is more powerful than Superman.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Even The Thing who finished third was successfully defeated by Martian Manhunter who again ducked The Thing's position.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Electronic media Filmography The 1948 film franchise: Superman, a series in 15 series starring Kirk Alyn and Noel Neill. 1950: Atomic Man vs. Superman was serialized in 15 parts starring Kirk Alyn, Noel Neill and Lyle Talbot.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

1951: Superman and the Mole Men, a big screen film, starring George Reeves and Phyllis Coates. 1954: Stamp Day for Superman, a short film featuring George Reeves and Noel Neill promoting Stamp Day for America's Department of Finance. 1978: Superman, direction Richard Donner and starring Christopher Reeve, Marlon Brando, Gene Hackman and Margot Kidder. 1981: Superman II, direction Richard Lester and starring Christopher Reeve, Margot Kidder, and Terence Stamp. 1983: Superman III, direction Richard Lester and starring by Christopher Reeve, Richard Pryor, Annette O'Toole and Robert Vaughn. 1984: Supergirl, film for extra income based extra comic characters, direction Jeannot Szwarc and starring Helen Slater and Faye Dunaway. 1987: Superman IV: The Quest For Peace, Sidney J. Furie direction and starring by Christopher Reeve, Gene Hackman, Margot Kidder, and Mariel Hemingway. 2006: Superman Returns, Bryan Singer direction and starring Brandon Routh, Kate Bosworth and Kevin Spacey. 2006: Superman II: The Richard Donner's Cut.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

The new edited version of the Superman II movie, featuring about 70% of new length extras taken by director Richard Donner, includes new material featuring Marlon Brando. 2013: Man of Steel, a film directed by Zack Snyder, starring Kevin Costner, Amy Adams, Russell Crowe and Henry Cavill. 2016: Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, film direction Zack Snyder, starring Ben Affleck, Amy Adams, Laurence Fishburne, Jesse Eisenberg, Gal Gadot and Henry Cavill. 2017: Justice League, film direction Zack Snyder, starring Ben Affleck, Amy Adams, Gal Gadot, Henry Cavill, Ezra Miller, Jason Momoa, Ray Fisher Television Series 1952 - 1950: Adventures of Superman, starring George Reeves, Phyllis Coates (season 1) and Noel Neill (seasons 2 - 6). 1957: I Love Lucy - episode “Lucy and Superman” featuring George Reeves as Superman. 1961: The Adventures of Superboy does not premiered on television series, starring Johnny Rockwell. 1975: It's A Bird, It's A Plane, It's Superman, a production for television of a broadway musical play starring David Wilson and Lesley Ann Warren. 1988 — 1992: Superboy, television series starring John Haymes Newton (1988—1989), Gerard Christopher (1989—1992) and Stacy Haiduk 1993 - 1997: Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, starring Dean Cain and Teri Hatcher. 2001 - 2011: Smallville, starring Tom Welling, Michael Rosenbaum, Kristin Kreuk and Erica Durance.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Superman/Clark Kent cast actor Kirk Alyn Kirk Alyn was the first actor to ever play a Superman figure on screen in the 1940s-1950s era in the follow-up series “Atom Man vs. Superman”.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Before getting to know Superman, Alyn was more interested in musical roles than superheroes.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Performed in the Broadway play 'Hellzapoppin', also as a little singer in several performances.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Although later he was always turned down to play Superman on television series, Alyn appeared as a cameo in the film 'Superman: The Movie' (1978).


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Alyn died in 1999 at the age of 88.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

George Reeves After getting several small roles, including in the movie 'Gone with the Wind', Reeves got a big shot at his career, playing Superman on the 1950s series, 'Adventures of Superman'.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Reeves was actually somewhat reluctant to play Superman, due to the low opinion of people going to television series at that time.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

But thanks to this role, his name became an 'icon' of Superman, and remained capable of playing in several other films.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Reeves died in 1959 with a gunshot wound to his head.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Many assume he killed himself because of his steadily declining career, but the true cause is unknown.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Christopher Reeve The most deserving and highly regarded 'Superman' actor to date is Christopher Reeve.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Chris is able to bring Clark Kent's country boy figure to life perfectly, playing Clark in all his silliness as a Daily Planet reporter, but also carries Superman's authoritative very well.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Director Richard Donner took a very long time to find the cast, until sometime Chris came up for an audition.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

When he landed this role, Reeve thanked the cast of Darth Vader, David Prowse, for his help.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

His role in Superman was praised by critics, resulting in him playing Superman in 4 films at once.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

Although there are many offers to play in TV series and movies, all are not as great as when he played Superman.


Question: who is the name of the actor who played Superman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Superman

In 1994, Reeve had an accident while riding, and has been paralyzed ever since.