Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

This explains the inert-an chemical dinitrogen. [20]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

There are several theoretical indications that oligomers and other nitrogenous polymers are possible.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

If they can be synthesized, they may have potential applications as materials with very high energy density, which could be used as propellants or powerful explosives. [31]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

This is because all of them must decompose into dinitrogens, whose triple bond NN (bond energy 946kJmol−1) is much stronger than the double bond N=N (418KJmol−1) or the N—N single bond (160kJmol−1): indeed, the triple bond has more than three times the energy than the bond single.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

(The reverse applies to heavier pnictogens, which prefer polyatomic allotropes.) [32] A big disadvantage is that most neutral polynitrogens are not expected to have a large barrier against decomposition, and some exceptions will even be more challenging to synthesize rather than the long-sought but still unknown tetrahedran.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It differs from the cationic and anionic polynitrogens azides (N−3), pentazenium (N+ 5), and pentazolides (cyclic aromatic N−5) as well characterized. [31]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Under very high pressure (1.1miltaatm) and high temperature (2000K), such as those produced in diamond landing cells, nitrogen polymerizes into single-bond cube gauche crystal structures.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

This structure is similar to diamond, and both have very strong covalent bonds, which results in the nickname “nitrogen diamond”. [33]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

At atmospheric pressure, molecular nitrogen condenses (becomes liquid) at 77K (−196.2°C) and solidifies at 63K (−210.2°C) [34] to a hexagonal tightly packaged crystal allotropy form (called alpha phase). [35]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Liquid nitrogen, a colorless liquid that looks like water, but its type mass is only 80.8% of the density of water (the density of liquid nitrogen at its boiling point is 0.808g/mL), is a common cryogen. [36]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Solid nitrogen has many crystalline modifications.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It forms significant dynamic surface coverage on the surface of Pluto [37] and the outer moons of the Solar System such as Triton. [38]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Even at low temperatures, solid nitrogen is fairly volatile and can sublime form atmospheres, or condense back into frozen nitrogen.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It is very weak and flows in the form of glaciers and on the Triton geyser, nitrogen gas comes from the polar regions of the polar ice. [39]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Dinitrogen complex The first example of a dinitrogen complex discovered was [Ru (NH (see figure at right), and quickly many other complexes were discovered.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

This complex, in which a nitrogen molecule contributes at least one pair of its sunny electrons to a central metal cation, illustrates how N2 can bind metals on nitrogenases and catalysts for the Haber process: This process involving dinitrogen activation is essential in biology and in Fertilizer production. [40] [41] Dinitrogen is able to form coordination bonds with metals through five different ways.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

A better way is the donation of ends MNN (η1) and MNN→M (μ, bis-η1), where silent pairs on nitrogen atoms are donated to metal cations.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

A less well-characterized way involves dinitrogen donating electron pairs from its triple bond, either as a ligand bridge to two metal cations (μ, bis-η2) or to just one cation (η2).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

A fifth and unique way involves tripel-coordination as a ligand bridge, which donates its entire three electronic pairs from a triple bond (μ3-N2).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Some complexes have multiple N2 ligands and some N2 features that are bound in various ways.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The bonds in dinitrogen complexes are closely related to carbonyl compounds, although N2 is a weaker σ donor and acceptor π than CO, since N2 is isoelectronic with carbon monoxide (CO) and acetylene (C).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Theoretical studies suggest that σ donation is a more important factor for allowing M—N bond formation than π reverse donation, essentially only weakening the N—N bond, and tip donation (η1) is easier to achieve than side donation (η2). [20]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Currently, there have been known dinitrogen complexes for almost all transition metals, accounting for several hundred compounds.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

They are usually prepared through three methods: [20] Replacing labile ligands, such as H2O, H−, or CO, with nitrogen directly: this is often a reversible reaction that proceeds under mild conditions.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Reduces metal complexes in the presence of corresponding co-ligands at conditions of excess nitrogen gas.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Common options include replacing the chloride ligand with dimethylphenylphosphine (PME2pH) to replace the chlorine ligand with a smaller nitrogen ligand in an amount equivalent to its original ligand.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Converts ligands with N—N bonds, such as hydrazine or azides, directly into dinitrogen ligands.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Sometimes NN bonds can be directly formed in a metal complex, for example by directly reacting coordinated ammonia (NH3) with nitric acid (HNO2), but this cannot be applied in general.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Most dinitrogen complexes have colors in the white-yellow-to-red-brown range; there are known to be few exceptions, such as [{Ti (η5—C5H5) 2} 2— (N2)] which is blue. [20]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitride, azide, and nitride Nitrogen complexes bind to almost all elements in the periodic table except the first three noble gases, helium, fluorescent, and argon, and some elements after very short-lived bismuth, creating a wide variety of binary compounds with varying properties and applications. [ 20]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Many binary compounds are known (usually called nitrides) except hydrides, oxides, and nitrogen fluorides.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Many stoichiometric phases exist for most elements (e.g. MnN, Mn, Mn, Mn, Mn, Mn, and MnXn for 9.2 < x < 25.3).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

They could be classified as “salt-like” (mostly ionic), covalent, “diamond like”, and metallic (or interstitial), although these classifications have limitations that arise precisely from the continuity of bond types, instead of discrete and separate types as implied from the name -the name of the classification.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

They are generally prepared by directly reacting metals with nitrogen or ammonia (sometimes after heating), or through thermal decomposition of metal amides: [42] 3 Ca + N 2 Ca 3 N 2 {\ displaystyle {\ ce {3Ca + N2 -> Ca3N2}}} 3 Mg + 2 NH 3 Mg 3 N 2 + 3 H 2 (at 900 C) {\ displaystyle {\ ce {3Mg + 2NH3 -> Mg3N2 + 3H2\ {(on}\ {900 C)}}}} 3 Zn (NH 2) 2 Zn 3 N 2 + 4 NH 3 {\ displaystyle {\ ce {3Zn (NH2) 2 -> Zn3N2 + 4NH3}}} Many possible variants are formed through this process .


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The most ionic nitrides are those derived from alkali metals and alkaline soils, Li3N (Na, K, Rb, and Cs do not form stable nitrides for steric reasons) and M (M = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It can formally be thought of as a salt of the N3− anion, although the charge separation is not completely complete even for these highly electropositive elements.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

However, the alkali metal azides NaN and KN, featuring linear N anions, such as, famously, Sr (N and Ba (N. The sub-class B metal azida (being in classes 11 to 16) is much less ionic, has a more complicated structure, and is easily explosive when exposed to shock. [42]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Many covalent binary nitrides are known.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Examples include cyanogen ((CN)), triphosphorus pentanitride (P), disulfur dinitride (S), and tetrasulfur tetranitride (S).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Silicon nitride (Si) and germanium nitride are also recognized as essentially covalent: especially silicon nitride which is a promising material in ceramic manufacturing if not constrained on the complexity of its sintering process.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Especially for class 13 nitrides, which are promising semiconductor materials, are materials that are isoelectric with graphite and silicon carbide, as well as having a semblance of tructures: their bond changes from covalent to ionic along the group from top to bottom.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

In particular, since the B—N unit is isoelectric with C—C, and the size of carbon is between boron and nitrogen, many organic chemists find an echo in boron—nitrogen chemistry, as in borazina (“inorganic benzene”).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nevertheless, the analogy is not precisely the same due to the ease of nucleophilic attack to electron-deficient boron.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It's impossible to happen in a ring composed of carbon only. [42]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The largest category of nitrides are interstitial nitrides with the formulas MN, M2N, and M4N (although variations in composition are quite possible), where small nitrogen atoms are located within the gaps in the metal cubic or hexagonal tightly packaged lattice.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

They are impenetrable (opak), very hard, and chemically inert, melting at very high temperatures (generally above 2500°C).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

They have a metal-like luster and electrical conductibility.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

They can produce ammonia or nitrogen through very slow hydrolysis. [42]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The nitride anion (N3−) is the most potent π donor among known ligands (second strongest is O2−).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrido complexes are generally created through thermal decomposition of azides or ammonia deprotonation, and they usually involve a terminal {N} 3− group.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The linear N azide anion, which is isoelectric with dinitrogen monoxide, carbon dioxide, and cyanate, forms many coordination complexes.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Further catenation is rarely encountered although there is known to exist N (isoelectric with carbonates and nitrates). [42]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Hydride On an industrial scale, ammonia (NH3) is the most important nitrogen compound and is made in larger quantities than other compounds, as it makes a significant contribution to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms through its role as a precursor to food and fertilizer.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Ammonia is a colorless alkalis gas with a characteristic piercing aroma.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The presence of hydrogen bonds carries a very significant impact on ammonia, reflected by the high melting point (−78°C) and boiling point (−33°C).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

In liquid form, it is a good solvent with a high heat of evaporation (allows use in vacuum flasks), which also has low viscosity and electrical conductivity, high dielectric constant, as well as a smaller density than water.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

However, the hydrogen bond in NH3 is weaker than in H because the electronegativity of nitrogen is lower than that of oxygen, and NH3's silent electron pair is only one compared to H which has two silent electron pairs.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Ammonia is a weak base in aquatic solution (p<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[45026,45031,2,2]}'>Kb 4.74); its conjugate acid is the ammonium ion, NH.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It can also act as a very weak acid, losing one proton resulting in the amide anion, NH.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Therefore, ammonia undergoes self-dissociation, similar to water, producing ammonium and amide.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Ammonia burns in air or oxygen, while not readily, producing nitrogen gas; it burns in fluorine with a greenish-yellow flame color producing nitrogen trifluoride.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Reactions with other nonmetals are complex and tend to form mixtures of products.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Ammonia reacts upon heating with metals forming nitrides. [44]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Many other binary hydride nitrogen are known, but the most important are hydrazine (N) and hydrogen azide (HN3).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Although not a nitrogen hydride, hydroxylamine (NH) has properties and structure similar to ammonia and hydrazine.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Hydrazine is a colorless liquid, smoky and smells like ammonia.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Its physical properties are very similar to water (melting point 2.0°C, boiling point 113.5°C, density 1.0g·cm−3).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Although it is an endothermic compound, hydrazine is kinetically stable.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It burns quickly and perfectly in the air, very exothermally, producing nitrogen and water vapor.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Hydrazine is a highly beneficial versatile reductor and is a weaker base than ammonia. [45]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It is also commonly used as rocket fuel. [46]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Hydrazine is generally prepared through the reaction between ammonia with sodium hypochlorite bases in the presence of gelatin or glue: [45] NH 3 + OCl − NH 2 Cl + OH − {\ displaystyle {\ ce {NH3 + OCl^- -> NH2Cl + OH^-}}}} NH 2 Cl + NH 3 N 2 Cl + 5 − ( slow) {\ displaystyle {\ ce {NH2Cl + NH3 -> N2H5+ + Cl^-\ {(slow)}}} N 2 H 5 + + OH − N 2 H 4 + H 2 O (fast) {\ displaystyle {\ ce {N2H5+ + OH^- -> N2H4 + H2O\ {(fast)}} (Attack by hydroxide and ammonia can be reversed, so passing the intermediate NHCl−).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The reason for gelatin addition is to remove metal ions such as Cu2+ that catalyze the destruction of hydrazine through reaction with chloramine (NH) yielding ammonium chloride and nitrogen. [45]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Hydrogen azide (HN3) was first produced in 1890 through oxidation of a hydrazine solution using nitric acid.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

HN3 is highly explosive and even its diluted solution can do harm.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It has an unpleasant smell and and is irritating and is a potentially deadly (but not cumulative) poison.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Hydrogen azide can be considered a conjugate acid of the azide anion, and analogous to hydrogen halide. [45]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Halides and oxohalides JMPL|Ka|nitrogen trichloride Four simple nitrogen trihalides entirely have been known.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

There are also known mixtures of halides and hydrohalides, but most are unstable and unattractive: examples include NClF2, NCl2F, NBrF2, NF2H, NCl2H, and NClH2. [47]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Known five nitrogen fluorides.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3, first created 1928) is a thermodynamically stable colorless and odorless gas, and is most easily created through electrolysis of an ammonium fluoride melt dissolved in hydrogen fluoride.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Like carbon tetrachloride, nitrogen trifluoride is completely unreactive and stable in dilute acidic or alkaline solutions.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Only when heated, it acts as a fluorinating substance, and reacts with copper, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth at high temperatures forming tetrafluorohydrazine (N).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The NF and N cations are also known (the latter a result of the reaction of tetrafluorohydrazine with strong fluoride acceptors such as arsenic pentafluoride), in the presence of ONF3, which has been polarized due to the short N—O distance as if it were a partial double bond and a highly polar N—F bond and long.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Tetrafluorohydrazine, unlike hydrazine itself, can dissociate at temperatures equal to or higher than the chamber temperature producing NF2• radicals.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Fluorine azide (FN3) is highly explosive and thermally unstable.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Dinitrogen difluoride (N) exists as cis and trans isomers that can exchange with each other according to temperature changes, and is the first product encountered as a result of FN3 decomposition. [47]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen trichloride (NCl3) is a high-mass, volatile, and explosive liquid whose physical properties are similar to carbon tetrachloride, although there is one difference that NCl3 is easily hydrolyzed by water, whereas CCl4 is not.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

NCl3 was first synthesized by Pierre Louis Dulong in 1811, who lost three fingers and one eye due to its explosive substance tendencies.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

As a dilute gas, it is less harmful and therefore used in industry to bleach and sterilize flour.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen tribromide (NBr3), first created in 1975, is a deep red, temperature-sensitive, and volatile solid, which is explosive even at −100°C.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen triiodide (NI3) is more unstable and only once made in 1990.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

His stirring compound</i>with ammonia, which has been known before, is highly sensitive to shock: it can be exploded by plumes, wind, or even alpha particles. [47] [48] Based on this reasoning, small amounts of nitrogen triiodide are sometimes synthesized for demonstration on chemical subjects in High school or for the attraction of “chemical magic”. [49]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Known two groups of nitrogen oxohalides: nitrosyl halide (XNO) and nitrile halide (XNO2).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

XNO is a highly reactive gas that can be made through direct halogenation of dinitrogen monoxide.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrosyl fluoride (NOF) is colorless and a strong fluorinating substance.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrosyl chloride (NoCl) behaves similarly and has been frequently used as an ionizing solvent.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrosyl bromide (NoBr) is red.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The reaction of nitrile halides is largely similar: nitrile fluoride (FNO2) and nitrile chloride (ClNO2) are both reactive gases and potent halogenating substances. [47]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen oxides form nine oxide molecules, some of which are the first gases identified: N2O (dinitrogen monoxide), NO (nitrogen monoxide), N (dinitrogen trioxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), N (dinitrogen tetroxide), N (dinitrogen pentoxide), NO3 (nitrogen trioxide) , N4O (nitrosylazide), [50] and N (NO (trinitramide). [51]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Everything is thermally unstable to decomposition into its elements.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

One oxide that is possible but has never been synthesized is oxatetrazole (N4O), an aromatic ring. [50]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Dinitrogen oxide (N2O), more commonly known as gelak gas or laughter gas (due to its laughing effect), is created through thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate at 250°C.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It is a redox reaction so nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen are also produced as byproducts.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

N2O is widely used as a propellant and curing agent for whipped ice cream, and was once used as a general anastesion.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Regardless of its appearance, it cannot be considered an anhydride of hyponitrite acid (H) because the acid is not produced through the dissolution of dinitrogen monoxide in water.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It is somewhat unreactive (does not react with halogens, alkali metals, or ozone at room temperature, although its reactivity increases upon heating) and has an unsymmetrical structure of N—N—O (N+O− ↔ −N=N+=O): above 600°C it dissociates by breaking the weaker N—O bond. [50]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen monoxide (NO) is the simplest stable molecule with an odd number of electrons.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

In mammals, including humans, it is an important cell signaling molecule involved in many fiiological and pathological processes. [52]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

NO is formed through catalytic oxidation of ammonia.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It is a colorless paramagnetic gas that, because it is thermodynamically unstable, decomposes into nitrogen and oxygen gas at 1100—1200°C.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The bond is similar to nitrogen, but one additional electron is added on the π* anti bond orbital so that the bond order is reduced to about 2.5.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Therefore, dimerization into O=N—N=O does not occur except below its boiling point (when the cis isomer is more stable) because in fact there is no increase in total bond order and because unpaired electrons are delocalized opposite the NO molecule, hence providing stability.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

There is also evidence for asymmetric red O=N—O=N dimers when nitrogen monoxide is condensed with polar molecules.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It reacts with oxygen producing nitrogen dioxide which is brown and with halogens produces nitrosyl halide.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It also reacts with transition metal compounds resulting in nitrosyl complexes, most of which are sharply colored. [50]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The blue dinitrogen trioxide (N) is only present as a solid because it quickly dissociates above its melting point resulting in nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide (NO), and dinitrogen tetroxide (N).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The latter two compounds are difficult to research apart due to the equilibrium that arises between them.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Although sometimes dinitrogen tetroxide can react via heterolytic fission with nitrosonium and nitrate in a medium with a high dielectric constant.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen dioxide is a sharp corrosive brown colored gas.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Both compounds can be easily prepared by decomposing dry metal nitrates.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Both react with water forming nitric acid.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Dinitrogen tetroxide is particularly useful for the manufacture of anhydrous metal nitrates and nitrato complexes, and it became the stable oxidizer of choice for many rockets in the United States and Soviet Union in the late 1950s. This is because dinitrogen tetroxide is a hypergolic propellant combined with hydrazine-based rocket fuel and can be easily stored because it is liquid in shape at room temperature. [50]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Dinitrogen pentoxide (N), which is thermally unstable and highly reactive, is an anhydride of nitric acid, and can be prepared from the dehydration of nitric acid with phosphorus pentoxide.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It is interesting for the preparation of explosives. [53]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Dinitrogen pentoxide is a hygroscopic crystalline solid sensitive to light.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

In the solid state it is ionic with the structure [NO; as a gas and in solution it takes the form of an O2N—O—NO2 molecule.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Hydration into nitric acid proceeds rapidly, as does the reaction with hydrogen peroxide producing peroxynitric acid (HOONO2).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

N is a very strong oxidizer.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The dinitrogen pentoxide gas is decomposed as follows: [50] N 2 O 5 − − NO 2 + NO 3 NO 2 + O 2 + NO {\ displaystyle {\ ce {N2O5 <=> NO2 + NO3 -> NO2 + O2 + NO}}} N 2 O 5 + NO − − 3 NO 2 {\ displaystyle {\ ce {N2O5 + NO <=> 3NO2}}} Oxo acids, oxoanions, and salts of oxo acid Many nitrogenous oxo acids are known, though most are unstable as pure compounds and are only recognized as solutions or as salts.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Hyponitrite acid (H) is a diprotic weak acid with a structure HON=NOH (p<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[59153,59158,2,2]}'>Ka1 6.9, p<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[59175,59180,2,2]}'>Ka2 11.6).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The acid solution is quite stabic but at pH above 4 there occurs alkaline catalyzed decomposition via [HONNO] − into dinitrogen monoxide and hydroxide anions.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Hyponitrite (which involves the N anion) is stable to the reductor and generally acts more as the reductor itself.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

They are the intermediate stages on the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite, which occurs in the nitrogen cycle.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Hyponitrite can act as a bridge or bidentate chelate ligand. [54]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitric acid (HNO2) is not present as a pure compound, but is a common component in gaseous equilibrium and in its aquatic solution is an important solvent.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Its aquatic solution can be prepared from acidification of cold nitrite (NO) solution, although at room temperature it undergoes significantly disproportionation to nitrate and nitrogen oxides.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitric acid is a weak acid with p<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[60180,60185,2,2]}'>Ka of 3.35 at 18°C.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrite can be analyzed by the titrimetric method through its oxidation to nitrate using a permanganate oxidizer.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

They are easily reduced to dinitrogen monoxide and nitrogen oxides by sulfur dioxide, to hyponitrite acid by tin (II), and to ammonia by hydrogen sulfide.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The N hydrazinium salt reacts with nitric acid resulting in an azide which reacts further producing dinitrogen monoxide and nitrogen.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Sodium nitrite is somewhat toxic at concentrations above 100mg/kg, but small amounts are often used to recover meat and as a preservative to avoid bacterial spoilage.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It is also used for hydroxylamine synthesis and diazotation of primary aromatic amines as follows: [54] ArnH 2 + HNO 2 [ArnN] Cl + 2 H 2 O {\ displaystyle {\ ce {ArnH2 + HNO2 -> [ArnN] Cl + 2H2O}}} Nitrite is also a common ligand that can form coordination bonds in five ways.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The most common means are nitro (bonding from nitrogen) and nitrito (bonding from oxygen).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitro-nitrito isomerism is common, with nitrito forms typically less stable. [54]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitric acid (HNO3) is the most important and most stable nitrogenous oxo acid.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It is one of the three most widely used acids (the other two being sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid) and was the first discovered by alchemists in the 13th century.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitric acid is created through the catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen oxide, which is then oxidized to nitrogen dioxide, then dissolved in water producing concentrated nitric acid.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

More than seven million tons of nitric acid are produced in the United States per year, mostly used as nitrate production feedstock for fertilizers and explosives, among other uses.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Anhydrous nitric acid is prepared through distillation of concentrated nitric acid with phosphorus pentoxide at low pressure using glassware in dark conditions.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Anhydrous nitric acid can only be made in the solid state, because at the time of melting it is decomposed spontaneously into nitrogen dioxide, and liquid nitric acid which will undergo self-ionization as follows: [54] 2 HNO 3 − − H 2 NO 3 + + NO 3 − − − H 2 O + [NO 2] + + [NO 3] − {\ displaystyle {\ ce {2HNO3 <=> H2NO3^+ + NO3^- <=> H2O + [NO2] ^+ + [NO3] ^-}}} It is known that there are two hydrates, HNO and HNO, which can be crystallized.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It is a strong acid and its concentrated solution is a strong oxidizer, although it cannot strike gold, platinum, rodium, and iridium.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid (3:1) is still stronger and can dissolve gold and platinum, due to the formation of free chlorine and nitrosyl chloride, and the chloride anion can form strong complexes.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

In sensitive sulfuric acid, protonated nitric acid forms a nitronium ion, which can act as an electrophile for aromatic nitration: [54] HNO 3 + 2 H 2 SO 4 − − NO 2 + + H 3 O + 2 HSO 4 − {\ displaystyle {\ ce {HNO3 + 2H2SO4 <=> NO2^+ + H3O^+ + 2HSO4^-}}} The thermal stability of nitrate (involving planar trigonal NO anions) depends on the basicity of the metal, as well as its decomposition product (thermolysis), which can vary between nitrite (e.g., sodium), oxide (potassium and lead), or even the metal itself ( silver) depends on its relative stability.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrate is also a common ligand with diverse coordination modes. [54]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Finally, although ortonitric acid (H), which is analogous to orthophosphoric acid, is absent, the tetrahedal structured NO ortonitric anion is known in its sodium and potassium salts: [54] NaO 3 + Na 2 O → 300C for 7 days Ag krus Na 3 NO 4 {\ displaystyle {\ ce {nano3 {} +Na2O-> [{\ ce {AG~krus}}] [{\ ce {300^ {\ circ} C~during~7days}}] Na3NO4}}} This white crystalline salt is highly sensitive to water vapor and carbon dioxide in the air: [54] Na 3 NO 4 + H 2 O + CO 2 NaO 3 + NaOH + NaHO + 3 {\ displaystyle {\ ce {Na3no4 + H2O + CO2 -> nano3 + NaOH + NaHCO3}}} Despite its chemical limitations, the ortonitrate anion is interesting from a structure standpoint due to its regular tetrahedral shape and short N—O bond length, giving significant polar character implications to its bonds. [54]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Organic nitrogen compounds Nitrogen is one of the most important elements in organic chemistry.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Many organic functional groups are involved in carbon-nitrogen bonds, such as amides (RCONR2), amines (R3N), imines (RC (=NR) R), imides ((RCO) 2NR), azides (RN3), azo compounds (RN2R), cyanates and isocyanates (ROCN or RCNO), nitrate O2), nitriles and isonitriles (RCN or RNC), nitrites (RONO), nitro compounds ( RNO2), nitroso compounds (RNO), oksima (RCR=NOH), and pyridine derivates.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The C—N bond is strongly polarized in the direction of nigrogen.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

In these compounds, nitrogen is typically trivalent (though it can form tetravalent in the quarternary ammonium cation, R), with silent electron pairs that account for alkalinity in the compound by forming coordination with protons.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

This can be dispensed with by other factors: for example, amides are not alkaline because their sunny pairs are delocalized into double bonds (though they may act as bases at very low pH, protonated at oxygen), and pyrolae are not acidic because of their silent partners delocalized as part of an aromatic ring. [55]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The amount of nitrogen in the chemical can be determined using the Kjeldahl method. [56]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

In particular, nitrogen is an essential component of nucleic acids, amino acids and consequently proteins, and the energy carrier molecule adenosine triphosphate making it vital to life on the face of the earth.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen deficiency is the most common pure element in soil, composing 78.1% of the entire volume of the atmosphere. [2]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Despite this, nitrogen is not so abundant in the Earth's crust, there is only 19parts per million, equivalent to niobium, gallium, and lithium.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The only important nitrogenous minerals are niter (potassium nitrate, saltpeter) and sodaniter (sodium nitrate, saltpeter Chile).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

However, both have ceased to be important sources of nitrates since the 1920s, when industrial-scale synthesis of ammonia and nitric acid became commonplace. [57]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen compounds constantly undergo exchange between the atmosphere and living organisms.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen must first be treated, or “fixated”, into a form usable by plants, usually ammonia.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Some nitrogen fixation occurs as a result of lightning strikes producing nitrogen oxides, but most of it is done by diazotropic bacteria via an enzyme known as nitrogenase (though nowadays fixation of industrial nitrogen into ammonia is also significant).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

When ammonia is acidified by plants, ammonia is used to synthesize proteins.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Plants are then eaten by animals that use nitrogen compounds to synthesize their own proteins and excrete nitrogen-rich feces.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Eventually, these organisms die and decompose, undergoing bacterial and environmental oxidation and denitrification, returning free dinitrogen to the atmosphere.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Industrial nitrogen fixation with the Haber process is mostly used as fertilizer, although excess nitrogen-rich waste, when leached, causes fresh water eutrophication and the formation of dead zone waters, as nitrogen-driven bacterial growth suppresses water oxygen to a point in where all high organisms die.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

In addition, dinitrogen monoxide, produced during the denitrification process, attacks the atmospheric ozone layer. [57]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Many seawater fish produce large amounts of trimethylamine oxide to protect them from the osmotic effects of their high environment; the change of this compound to dimethylamine is the initial sunber of the unpleasant odor of seawater fish that are not fresh anymore. [58]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

In animals, nitrogen oxide free radicals (derived from amino acids) act as regulatory molecules essential for circulation. [59]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The rapid reaction of nitrogen oxide with water in an animal produces nitrite products in its metabolites.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Protein nitrogen metabolism in animals, generally, ends in urea excretion, while nucleic acid metabolism in hewang culminates in the excretion of urea and uric acid.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The characteristic odor of animal meat decay is caused by the formation of long-chain amines, such as tetra- and pentamethylendiamine, which are products of the breakdown of the amino acids ornithine and lysine, in the decomposition of proteins. [60]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Production Nitrogen gas is an industrial gas produced through fractional distillation of liquid air, or through mechanical means by means of air feedstock (pressurized reverse osmosis membrane or pressure swinging accretion).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen gas generators that use membrane or pressure swing (English: pressure swing adsorption, PSA) are typically more efficient in terms of cost and energy than pressurized nitrogen stored and delivered in the tube. [61]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Commercial nitrogen is often a side result of air treatment for industrial gluing of oxygen for steel processing and other uses.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

When supplied as a pressurized gas in a tube, it is often referred to as oxygen-free nitrogen (OFN). [62]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen with commercial purity degrees already contains as high as 20ppm of oxygen, and is also available with special purity degrees containing as high as 2ppm oxygen and 10ppm argon. [63]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

In chemical laboratories, nitrogen is prepared through the treatment of ammonium chloride solution with sodium nitrite. [64]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

NH 4 Cl + NaNo 2 N 2 + NaCl + 2 H 2 O {\ displaystyle {\ ce {NH4Cl + nano2 -> N2 + NaCl + 2H2O}}} A small amount of impurity NO and HNO3 is also formed through this reaction.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The purity can be removed by passing the gas formed through a sulfuric acid solution containing potassium dichromate. [64]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Highly pure nitrogen can be created through thermal decomposition of barium azide or sodium azide. [65] 2 NaN 3 2 Na + 3 N 2 {\ displaystyle {\ ce {2NaN3 -> 2Na + 3N2}}}} Applications of nitrogen compounds are very diverse due to the massive size of this group: therefore, only pure nitrogen applications are of concern in this article.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Two-third of nitrogen produced by industry is sold as gas and the remaining third as liquid nitrogen.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Most of those gases are used as inert atmospheres when oxygen in the air causes fire, explosion, or oxidation hazards.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Some examples include: [63] As a modified atmosphere, pure or mixed with carbon dioxide, to itrogenate and maintain the freshness of bulk or packaged food (by delaying rancidity and other forms of oxidative damage).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Pure nitrogen as food additives in the European Union is labeled with E number E941. [66]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

In incandescent light bulbs as an economical alternative to argon substitutes. [67]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

In fire extinguishing systems for information technology (IT) equipment. [63]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

In the manufacture of stainless steel. [68]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

In the hardening of steel surfaces by the method of nitriding. [69]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

In some aircraft fuel systems are airborne to reduce fire hazard (see humidifier system). [70]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

To pump the tires of racing cars and airplanes, [71] reduce the problems caused by water vapor and oxygen in natural air. [63]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is commonly used during sample preparation on chemical analysis.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

It is used to glue and reduce the volume of liquid samples.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

By directing the pressurized nitrogen gas flow perpendicular to the surface of the liquid causes the solvent to evaporate while leaving behind unevaporated solutes and solvents. [72]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen can be used instead of, or in combination with, carbon dioxide in pressurized barrels for beer, especially stout and English ale, because the resulting bubbles are smaller, thus making the beer flow smoother and more foamy. [73]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Pressure-sensitive nitrogen capsules commonly known as “widgets” allow nitrogen-charged beer to be packaged in cans and bottles. [74] [75] Nitrogen also replaces carbon dioxide as the primary power source for paintball guns.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen should be stored at higher pressures than CO2, so N2 tanks are heavier and more expensive. [76]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is also an inert gas option for inert gas asphyxia, and is being considered to replace dead injectables in Oklahoma. [77] [78] Nitrogen gas, created from the decomposition of sodium azide, is used to inflate airbags. [79]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

JMPL|Blimp liquid immersed in liquid nitrogen Liquid nitrogen is a cryogenic liquid.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

When stored in proper tightly closed containers such as Dewar flask, liquid nitrogen can be displaced without much loss due to evaporation. [80]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

As with dry ice, the main use of liquid nitrogen is as a refrigerant.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Among other uses, it is used in the cryopreservation of blood, reproductive cells (sperm and egg cells), and other biological materials and samples.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Liquid nitrogen is used in clinical measures for cryotherapy to remove cysts and warts on the skin. [81]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The liquid is used in cold traps for certain laboratory equipment and to cool infrared detectors or X-ray detectors. It is also used to cool the central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU) and other equipment inside the computer that is overclocked, and which generates more heat on normal operation. [82]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Other uses include freezing grinders and machining materials that are soft or elastic at room temperature, assembly and connecting components, and more commonly for obtaining very low temperatures whenever needed (about −200°C).


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

So cheap, liquid nitrogen is also often used although low temperatures are not very necessary, such as food cooling, cattle tasting, freezing pipes to stop flow if there is no valve, and strengthening unstable soil by freezing whenever the bottom excavated. [63]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Safety Gas Although nitrogen is not toxic, if released into an enclosed space it can get rid of oxygen, thereby causing the danger of asphyxia.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

This can occur with minimal symptoms, as human carotid bodies have poor and slow hypoxia (oxygen deprivation) sensing systems. [83]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

An example occurred shortly before the launch of the first shuttle mission in 1981, when two technicians died from asphyxia after they walked into a room inside a pressurized Mobile Launcher Platform using pure nitrogen as a fire deterrent. [84 ]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

When inhaled at high partial pressure (more than 4 bar, about a depth of 30m on scuba diving), nitrogen is anesthetic, causing nitrogen narcosis, a temporary mental impaired condition similar to dinitrogen monoxide poisoning. [85] [86] Nitrogen dissolves in blood and fat body.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Rapid decompression (such as when a diver ascends too quickly to the surface, or an astronaut decompresses too quickly from cabin pressure to clothing pressure) can result in a fatal condition called decompression sickness, when nitrogen bubbles from within the bloodstream, nerves, joints, and other sensitive or vital parts. [87] [88] Bubbles from other “inert” gases (gases other than carbon dioxide and oxygen) cause the same effect, so nitrogen replacement in breath gas can prevent nitrogen narcosis, but cannot prevent decompression sickness. [89]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Liquid As a cryogenic liquid, liquid nitrogen can harm because it can cause frostbite if touched, although the Leidenfrost effect provides protection upon very short exposure (about one second). [90]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Ingesting liquid nitrogen can cause damage to internal organs.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

For example, in 2012, a young woman in the UK had to undergo gastric removal after eating a cocktail made with liquid nitrogen. [91]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

An unusually large force can arise if liquid nitrogen is evaporated rapidly within a confined space, as the nitrogen gas-liquid expansion ratio is 1:694 at 20°C.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

In the January 12, 2006 incident at Texas A&M University, a liquid nitrogen tank, whose pressure exhaust module malfunctioned, was sealed.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

As a result, the pressure gradually increased, and the tank exploded.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

The force generated from the explosion was sufficient to push the tank through the ceiling above it, crush the reinforced concrete blocks below, and blow the laboratory walls 0.1—0.2m away from its foundation. [92]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Liquid nitrogen is volatile into gaseous nitrogen, so prevention related to nitrogen gas also applies to liquid nitrogen. [93] [94] [95] For example, oxygen sensors are sometimes used as a safety measure when working with liquid nitrogen to warn workers against gas splashes into a confined space. [96]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Vessels containing liquid nitrogen can condense oxygen from the air.


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

Liquids in this kind of vessel become oxygen-rich (boiling point −183°C) as nitrogen evaporates, and can cause formidable oxidation of organic matter. [97]


Question: what is the emblem of nitrogen in the periodic table?

Nitrogen

See also Reactive nitrogen Species Reference List of libraries Outside links at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham) from the Royal Society of Chemistry's Chemistry World Category:Chemical Elements Category:Pniktogen Category:Nonmetallic diatomic Category:Cooling Category:Media Laser boosters Category:Biological and Pharmacological Chemical Elements Category:Dielectric gases Category:Industrial gases Category:Articles with video clips


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Not to be confused with St. Francis Borgia, another Spanish nobleman who became a Jesuit.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Saint Francis Xaverius (English: Saint Francis Xavier, Latin: Sanctus Franciscus Xaverius, Portuguese: São Francisco Xavier, Chinese: 方) (), was a pioneer Christian missionary and one of the founders of the Society of Jesus (Jesuit Order).


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

The name of the community of Xaverian Brothers was taken the name himself.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

The Catholic Church thinks he has Christianized more people than anyone since St. Paul.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Early in life Xaverius was born named Francisco de Jaso y Azpilcueta at Xavier Castle (in modern Spanish Javier, Basque language Xabier, Xavier Catalan language) near Sangüesa and Pamplona, in Navarro, Spain.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Born as a son of Basque nobility in Navarro.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

In 1512, the Kastilla invaded Navarro.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Many fortresses were demolished, including the family castle, and the lands were confiscated.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Francis's father died in 1515.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

At the age of 19, Francis Xaverius entered the University of Paris, where he graduated with a licence ès arts in 1530.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

He then pursued studies in theology in that city, and became acquainted with Ignatius Loyola.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Together with Ignatius, Pierre Favre and four other men, Xaverius tied the pledge in Montmartre and formed the Society of Jesus on 15 August 1534, by professing vows of poverty and chastity.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

The mission work of Francis Xaverius devoted a large part of his lifetime to the work of missions in remote lands.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Because King John III (Portuguese: Dom João III) of Portugal wanted Jesuit missionaries to work in Hindia-Portuguese, he was sent there in 1540.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

He converted from Lisboa on 7 April 1541, along with two other Jesuits and Martin de Sousa the new viceroy, by hitching a ride on the ship of Santiago.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

From August 1541 to March 1542, he layover in Mozambique, and then reached Goa, India, the capital of the Portuguese colony, on 6 May.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

His official post in Goa was Apostolic Nuncio.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

The following three years were used to work in Goa.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

On 20 September 1542, he made his first mission journey among the Paravans, pearl divers along the Eastern coast of South India, North of the Comorin promontory.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

He then attempted to Christianize the King of Travancore, on the West coast, and also visited Sailan.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Dissatisfied with the results of his efforts, he returned to the East in 1545, and drew up a mission itinerary to Makassar, on the island of Sulawesi.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

After arriving in Malacca in October of that year and for three months waiting for a lift ship to Makassar that did not arrive, he finally cancelled the original destination of his voyage.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

She turned off Malacca on 1 January 1546 and anchored at Amboina, then tingal on the island until the middle of June.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Afterwards he visited other islands in the Moluccas, including Ternate and Moro.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Soon after the Easter feast of 1546, he returned to the island of Ambon, and then headed for Malacca.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

This mission in Ambon became one of the beginning of the history of the Catholic Church in Indonesia.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

During that time span, due to his disillusionment with Goa's bigwigs, St. Francis wrote a letter to King Dom João III requesting the enactment of the Inquisition in Goa.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Despite this, the Goa inquisition only began to be run eight years after his death.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

In December 1547, in Malacca, Francis Xaverius met a Japanese nobleman from Kagoshima named Anjiro.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Anjiro had heard news regarding Francis in 1545 and sailed from Kagoshima to Malacca with the intention of meeting him.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Anjiro fled Japan after being accused of murder.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

He then poured out his heart to Francis Xaverius, recounting his life history and the customs and culture of his homeland.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Anjiro is a Samurai so can help Xaverius with his skills as a mediator and translator in mission work in Japan that now seems increasingly to be realized.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

“I asked Anjiro if the Japanese people would be willing to become Christians if I went with him to the land, and he replied that they would not necessarily become Christians, but would first ask a lot of questions and then see what I knew.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Above everything, they will scrutinize whether my life is in accordance with my teachings...


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

All the Portuguese merchants returning from Japan convinced me that by going there I could offer more service to God our Lord, more than among the Indians, because the Japanese are a race of great importance.”


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Being convinced in such a way, Xaverius baptized Anjiro—under the baptismal name Paulo de Santa Fe—and began to draw up a mission plan for the land that had not been discovered long ago.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Anjiro helped Francis Xaverius translate several paragraphs of Christian teachings into Japanese phonemes later memorized by Xaverius.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

He returned to India in January 1548.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

For the following 15 months he was preoccupied with various travels and administrative affairs in India.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Unhappy with what he regarded as the “not-Christian attitude of life” of the Portuguese people, which hindered attempts at the spread of Christianity, he set out from the South to the East of the Asian Continent.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

He left Goa on 15 April 1549, stopping by in Malacca and visiting Canton with the company of Anjiro, two other Japanese men, Pastur Cosme de Torrès and Bruder Juan Fernandez.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

He also brought with him gifts for the “King of Japan” because he beniat introduced himself as the Apostolic Nuncio.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Xaverius reached Japan on July 27, 1549, but only on August 15 did he set foot in Kagoshima, the main port of Satsuma province on Kyūshū Island.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

He was greeted with kindness and was courted by the Anjiro family until October 1550.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

From October to December 1550, he dwelt in Yamaguchi.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Shortly before Christmas, he headed for Kyoto but failed to meet the Emperor.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

He returned to Yamaguchi in March 1551 and was allowed to preach by the province's daimyo.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

But because of the lack of fluency in Japanese, he only recited aloud the translation of the catechism.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Xaverius was well received by the Shingon monks because he used the word “Dainichi” for the Christian God.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Once Xaverius was steeped in the religious meaning of the word, he replaced it with the word “Deusu” from the Latin and Portuguese word “Deus”.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

The monks were aware, Xaverius was spreading a counterpoint religion.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Over time, his presence in Japan can be considered fruitless, namely the formation of Christian congregations in Hirado, Yamaguchi and Bungo.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Xaverius ministered for more than two years in Japan and witnessed the birth of his Jesuit-Jesuit successors.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

He then decided to return to India.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

On his voyage, a violent storm forced him to stop on an island near Guangzhou, China where he met Diégo Pereira, a wealthy merchant, his old sabahat from Cochin, who showed him a letter from the Portuguese imprisoned in Guangzhou requested that an ambassador of Portugal be sent to the Emperor of China to discuss their fate.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Further on his voyage, he stopped at Malacca pad on 27 December 1551, then reached Goa in January 1552.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

On 17 April he sailed with Diégo Pereira, leaving Goa by hitchhiking the ship Santa Cruz bound for China.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

He introduced himself as Apostolic Nuncio and Pereira as ambassador from the King of Portugal.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Shortly after sailing, he only realized that his letter of designation as Apostolic Nuncio had been left behind.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Reaching Malacca, he was sued by Capitan Alvaro de Ataide de Gama who was now in full control of the croupier.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

The capitan refused to recognize his Nuncio title, asking Pereira to resign his position as ambassador, replace the crewmen, as well as demanding that gifts for the Chinese Emperor be left in Malacca.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

In early September 1552, Santa Cruz reached Shangchuan island in China, 14km away from the South coast of mainland China, near Taishan, Guangdong, 200km to the Southwest of a place later called Hong Kong.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

At that time, he was accompanied only by a Jesuit disciple, Alvaro Ferreira, a Chinese man named Antonio and a Malabar servant named Khristoforus.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Around mid-November, he sent a letter in which he said that a man had agreed to take him to mainland China if paid a large sum of money.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

By sending home Alvaro Ferreira, he lived single-handedly with Antonio.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Disappeared On 21 November, he fainted after celebrating Mass.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

He died on the island on December 2, 1552, at the age of 46, without ever setting foot on the main mainland of China.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Initially he was buried on a beach in Shangchuan.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

His still intact remains were removed from the island in February 1553 and temporarily entombed in the church building of St. Paul in Malacca on 22 March 1553.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

An open tomb within that church today marks the place where Xaverius's remains were once entombed.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Pereira arrived from Goa on 15 April 1553, and shortly afterwards he transferred Xaverius's remains to his house.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

On 11 December 1553, Xaverius's remains were again taken sailing, transported in an ornate sampan.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

The corpse was placed in a cabin surrounded by a silk curtain amidst the burning candles and fragrances, accompanied by a wave of farewell from the city of Malacca.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

When passing through the strait between Penang Island and the beach, the sampan briefly ran aground on a sand cluster but suddenly blew a strong wind that pushed it back into deep waters.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

After a short layover in Sailan, then Cochin, finally Xaverius's remains arrived in Goa on 15 March 1554.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

The next day the whole community accompanied the delivery of the saint's remains to the cathedral.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

The corpse was opened and after 16 months the contents were still fresh.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

For the next three days and three nights the community was allowed to pay last respects.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Thousands of men and women kissed the feet of Xaverius's remains and many miracles reportedly occurred.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

The undecomposed remains were now entombed in Goa, in a silver chest on 2 December 1637.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

The silver chest was lowered to be seen by the public only in an organization that lasted for 6 weeks, once every 10 years, last time held in 2004.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

There is a cross-opinion as to how Xaverius's remains remained intact for such a long time.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Some argue that his remains have been mummified, while others consider it a Miracle.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

The right front arm (elbow to wrist), which Xaverius used to bless and baptize people, was separated by the Prefectural General of the Society of Jesus Claudio Acquaviva in 1614 and is now exhibited in a reliquarium (Hallows Storage) of silver within the church of Il Gesù [ 1], the main church of the Jesuits in Rome.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Confessor Francis Xaverius is recognized as a saint by both the Anglican and Catholic Churches.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

He was beatified by Sri Pope Paul V on 25 October 1619, and canonized by Sri Pope Gregory XV on 12 March 1622, along with the canonization of Ignatius Loyola.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Sophia University in Tokyo, Japan was founded in 1913 in her honor.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

In 1839, Theodore James Ryken founded the Xaverian Brothers, or Congregation of St. Francis Xaverius (CFX).


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Now, as many as 20 colossians or SMU constitute Xaverian Brothers Sponsored Schools (XBSS).


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

He is the patron saint of Australia, Borneo, China, the East Indies, Goa, Japan, and New Zealand.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

His commemoration celebrations are set for every December 3.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Many churches around the world are named after him.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

One of them is the Cathedral Church of St. Francis Xaverius, Diocese of Amboina, Ambon.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

The Basilica of St. Francis Xaverius in Dyersville, Iowa is one of 52 minor basilicas in the United States and the only one located outside the metropolitan area.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

There is also a famous university in Canada named after him in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, St. Francis Xaverius University.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Javierada is an annual pilgrimage from Pamplona to Xavier beginning since the 1940s. Xaverius is one of the few names beginning with the letter X. Francis Xaverius is commonly used as a self name, in Indonesia usually abbreviated F.X. “Xavier” is a popular male name in Portugal, Brazil, Spain and Spanish-speaking countries, France and Belgium.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

In Austria and Bavaria this name is written Xaver (spoken Ksaber and often follows the name “Francis” namely Franz-Xaver) See also the pre-modern Chinese Jesuit Catholic Mission in China Outside link and reference Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

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Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

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Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

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Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

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Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

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Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

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Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

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Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

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Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

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Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

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Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

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Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

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Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

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Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius


Question: Where is Franciscus Xaverius?

Francis Xaverius

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. (in Spanish) Reference {{subst: #if:xaVerius, Franciskus|}} [[Category: {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1506}} || UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of birth missing {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1552}}} ||LIVING =( living people)}} | #default =1506 births}] [[Category: {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1552}} || LIVING =Living people | UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of death missing | #default =1552 deaths}}]] Xaverius, Francis Category:Saints


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Ottoman Sultanate, the official name of the Daulat/Supreme Ottoman State (Ottoman Turkish: دولت عليه عح مانیه Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿO<u data-parsoid='{"stx":"html","dsr":[9555,9563,3,4]}'>s</u>mâniyye; [6] often referred to in modern Turkish as Osmanlı İmparatorluğu (Ottoman Empire) or Osmanlı Devleti (Ottoman State); sometimes called Turkish or Turkish Sultanate only; (often also called Ottoman Empire taken from Western spelling) was a transcontinental empire founded by Turkish tribes under the leadership of Osman Bey in northwestern Anatolia in 1299. [7]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

After 1354, the Ottomans crossed Europe and began the conquering of the Balkans, transforming the Ottoman state which was only a small duchy into a transcontinental state.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The Ottomans ended the history of the Eastern Roman Empire as Mehmed II's conquest of Constantinople in 1453. [8] [9] [10] Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, precisely at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman Al-Qanuni, the Ottoman Sultanate was one of the strongest countries in the world, a multinational and multilingual imperium that controls much of Southeast Europe, West Asia/the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. [11]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

At the beginning of the 17th century, the sultanate consisted of 32 provinces and a number of vasal states, some of which were annexed into the territory of the sultanate, while the rest were granted varying degrees of autonomy within a period of several centuries. [dn 5] With Constantinople as its capital and its dominion over a vast area around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Sultanate became the center of interaction between the Eastern and Western worlds for more than six centuries.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The Sultanate broke up post-World War I, precisely on 1 November 1922.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Its dissolution led to the emergence of a new political regime in Turkey, as well as the establishment of the Balkans and the new Middle East. [12]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

After the conquering of Egypt by the Ottomans in 1517, Caliph Al-Mutawakkil III handed over the position of caliph to Sultan Selim I. This made the Ottoman ruler not only the role of sultan (Ottoman head of state), but also as symbolic leader of the Islamic world.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

After the Ottoman Sultanate was dissolved, the Ottoman Wangsa briefly maintained their status as caliphate for a while until the caliphate was also dissolved on 3 March 1924.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Name In Ottoman Turkic, this sultanate is called Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿO<u data-parsoid='{"stx":"html","dsr":[13797,13805,3,4]}'>s</u>mâniyye (دَولَتعَلم يِهعح مَانزیح ه), [6] yangs ecara literally means Daulat/Grand State of Ottomans, or also called Osmanlı ععleti (Devleti ح مانلى دولتى) meaning Daulat/Ottoman State. [dn 6] In Modern Turkish, the sultanate is known as Osmanlı Devleti or Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Ottoman Empire.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

In Indonesia, the country is also often called Ottoman which is taken from the Western spelling.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

In a number of Western writings, the names “Ottoman” and “Turkey” are worn interchangeably.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

This dichotomy officially ended in 1920—23 when the capitalized Turkish regime in Ankara chose Turkey as its only official name.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The name has been used by European residents since Seljuk times.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Historians themselves avoid using the term “Turkic” or “Turkic nation” to refer to the Ottoman Sultanate due to the multi-ethnic nature of this country consisting of diverse tribes of the nation. [13]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

History of the Awakening (1299—1453) Post-dissolution of the Sultanate of Rum led by the Seljuq Turkic dynasty, the predecessor of the Ottomans, in the 1300s, Anatolia was split into several independent states (mostly Turkic) called the emirate of Ghazi.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

One of the emirates of Ghazi was led by Osman I (1258 [14] — 1326) and the name became the origin of the Ottoman name.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Osman I expanded the boundaries of Turkish settlements until the periphery of the Byzantine Empire.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

It is unclear how Osman I managed to gain control of his neighboring territories because there is not much known about the history of medieval Anatolia. [15]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

In the century following the death of Osman I, Ottoman power began to extend to the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Osman's son, Orhan, conquered the city of Bursa in 1324 and made it the capital of the Ottoman state.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The fall of Bursa signified the end of Byzantine control over Northwestern Anatolia.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The city of Thessaloniki was captured from the Republic of Venice in 1387.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The Ottoman victory in Kosovo of 1389 effectively prefaced the downfall of Serbian rule in the region and paved the way for the expansion of Ottoman territory in Europe.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The Battle of Nicopolis of 1396 which is widely regarded as the last major crusade of the Middle Ages failed to impede the pace of the Ottoman Turks.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

As Turkish power expanded in the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became an important task.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

This sultanate controlled barely all of the former Byzantine lands around the city, but Byzantine Greeks briefly escaped when the Turk-Mongolian ruler, Tamerlane, overran Anatolia in the Battle of Ankara of 1402.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

He captured Sultan Bayezid I. The capture of Bayezid I created chaos among the Turkish population.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The country also experienced a civil war that lasted from 1402 to 1413 as Bayezid's sons contested the throne.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The war ended when Mehmet I ascended as sultan and restored Ottoman power.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

His ascension also ended the Interregnum called Fetret Devri in Ottoman Turkic.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Parts of Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia, and Kosovo) were briefly detached after 1402, but were successfully recaptured by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On November 10, 1444, Murad II defeated Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian forces led by Władysław III of Poland (simultaneously King of Hungary) and János Hunyadi at the Battle of Varna, the final battle in the Varna Crusade. [16] [17] Four years later, János Hunyadi prepared his army (consisting of Hungarian and Wallachia troops) to invade Turkey, but was defeated by Murad II in the Second Battle of Kosovo of 1448.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The development (1453—1683) Expansion and crest (1453—1566) of Murad II's son, Mehmed II, reorganized the country and its military, then conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to retain its autonomy and lands in exchange for recognizing Ottoman rule. [18]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Due to poor relations between the countries of Western Europe and the Eastern Roman Empire, many Orthodox residents recognized Ottoman rule instead of Venice. [18]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Ottoman Sultanate entered a period of expansion.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

This sultanate managed to prosper under the leadership of a number of firm and effective Sultanates.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Its economy also advanced as the government controlled key overland trade routes between Europe and Asia. [19] [dn 7] Sultan Selim I (1512—1520) expanded the eastern and southern boundaries of the Ottoman Sultanate dramatically by defeating Shah Ismail of Persia Safawiyah in the Battle of Chaldiran . [20]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Selim I established Ottoman rule in Egypt and deployed his navy to the Red Sea.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

After the expansion, competition broke out between the Empire of Portugal and the Ottoman Sultanate who were both trying to become a great power in the region. [21]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Suleiman the Great (1520—1566) annexed Belgrade in 1521, taking control of the southern and central regions of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman—Hungarian War. [23] [24] After winning the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the region now called Hungary ( except for its western part) and other Central European territories.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

He then besieged Vienna in 1529, but failed. [25]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

In 1532, he launched another attack on Vienna, but was defeated at the Siege of Güns. [26] [27] [28] Transylvania, Wallachia, and Moldavia (temporarily) became subordinate principalities of the Ottoman Sultanate.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

To the east, the Ottoman Turks captured Baghdad from the Persians in 1535, took control of Mesopotamia, and gained sea access to the Persian Gulf.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

France and the Ottoman Sultanate united because they were equally opposed to Habsburg rule and became strong allies.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The conquest of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) by France was the result of cooperation between the forces of kings Francis I of France and Suleiman.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The forces were led by Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis. [29]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

One month before the siege of Nice, the French assisted the Ottomans by sending a unit of artillery at the 1543 conquest of Esztergom.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

After the Turk nation made a series of advances in 1543, the Habsburg ruler Ferdinand I officially recognized Ottoman rule in Hungary in 1547.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

In 1559, after the first Ajuuraan-Portugal war, the Ottoman Sultanate annexed the weakened Adal Sultanate into its territory.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

This expansion predates Ottoman rule in Somalia and the Horn of Africa.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The annexation also increased Ottoman influence in the Indian Ocean to compete with Portugal. [30]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

At the end of Suleiman's reign, the population of the Ottoman Sultanate reached 15,000,000 people and spread across three continents. [31]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

In addition, this sultanate became a major sea power controlling much of the Mediterranean Sea. [32]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

At that time, the Ottoman Sultanate was a major part of the European political sphere.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Its political and military success is often equated with the Roman Empire, one of them by Italian scholar Francesco Sansovino and French political philosopher Jean Bodin. [33]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Rebellion and restoration (1566—1683) The effective military and bureaucratic structure of the previous century was threatened with failure when the later sultans did not firmly take the lead.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The Ottoman Sultanate slowly defeated the Europeans in terms of military technology because the innovations that drove the expansion of the sultanate were hampered by a growing understanding of religious and intellectual conservatism. [34]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Despite its difficulties, this sultanate remained a large expansionist power until the Battle of Vienna of 1683 which signalled the end of Ottoman expansion into Europe.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The discovery of new sea trade routes by Western European countries allowed them to circumvent the Ottoman trade monopoly.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The 1488 discovery of the Cape of Good Hope by Portugal pioneered a series of Ottoman-Portuguese sea wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

In terms of economics, the entry of Spanish silver from the New World resulted in the Ottoman currency being sharply devalued and high inflation.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Under the leadership of Ivan IV (1533—1584), the Russian Empire expanded until the Volga and Caspian regions by conquering several Tatar peculiarities.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

In 1571, the Ottoman-backed Crimean khan Devlet I Giray burned Moscow. [35]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The following year, the invasion was repeated but thwarted at the Battle of Molodi.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The Crimean peculiarity continued to invade Eastern Europe through a series of slave raids [36] and became a major power in Eastern Europe until the end of the 17th century. [37]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

In Southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain defeated the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

This is a devastating and symbolic blow [38] to the image of Ottoman greatness.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The fading of this image was prefaced by the victory of the Knights of Malta over the Ottoman forces in the Siege of Malta of 1565. [39]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The Battle of Lepanto made the Ottoman Navy lose much of its expert manpower, while its ships could still be repaired. [40]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The Ottoman Navy recovered quickly and forced Venice to sign a peace treaty of 1573 allowing the Ottoman Sultanate to expand and strengthen its position in North Africa. [41]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

In contrast, Habsburg territory did not change after the Habsburg defenses were strengthened. [42]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The Long War against the Habsburg Austrians (1593—1606) made the government equip its infantry with firearms and loosen recruitment policies.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

This decision created problems of non-compliance and rebellion within the military body that were never resolved. [43]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Iregular snipers (Sekban) were also recruited.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Demobilization turned into brigandase (robbery) in the Jelali rebellion (1595—1610) which expanded anarchist action in Anatolia in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. [44]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

When the sultanate's population reached 30,000,000 inhabitants in 1600, the scarcity of land made the government suppressed all-out. [45]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

During his brief period of power, Murad IV (1612—1640) reconstituted the central administration and captured Yerevan (1635) and Baghdad (1639) from safawiyah. [46]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The female sultanate (1648—1656) was the period when the mothers of young sultanates came to power on behalf of her sons.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The most influential female figures of the time were Kösem Sultan and her daughter-in-law Turhan Hatice.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Their political rivalry culminated in the assassination of Kösem in 1651. [47]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

During the Köprülü Era (1656—1703), the administration was effectively run by a number of Grand Viziers from the Köprülü family.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The Köprülü vizier experienced military success with the establishment of government in Transylvania, the conquest of Crete of 1669, and expansion into Ukraine south of Poland.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The last defenses of Khotyn and Kamianets-Podilskyi and the territory of Podolia joined the Ottoman Sultanate in 1676. [48]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

This new period of assertiveness ended in May 1683 as Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a large army to besiege Vienna a second time in the Great Turkish War of 1683—1687.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Their final offensive was delayed as Ottoman forces were urged to retreat by Habsburg, German, and Polish allied forces led by Polish King Jan III Sobieski at the Battle of Vienna.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The Holy League alliance continued to advance post-defeat in Vienna and culminated in the Treaty of Karlowitz (26 January 1699) which ended the Great Turkish War. [49]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The Ottoman Sultanate ceded a number of important territories, most of them permanently ceded. [50]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Mustafa II (1695—1703) led a retaliatory attack against the Habsburg Wangsa in Hungary in 1695—96, but lost heavily at Zenta (11 September 1697). [51]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Unstuck and reformed (1683—1827) In this period, Russian expansion brought a great growing threat. [52]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Because of this, King Charles XII of Sweden was accepted as an ally of the Ottoman Sultanate after his army was defeated by Russia at the Battle of Poltava of 1709 (part of the Great Northern War of 1700—1721.) [52] Charles XII urged the Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III to declare war on Russia.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The Ottomans managed to win the Pruth River Campaign which took place in 1710—1711. [53]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Post-Austrian-Turkish War of 1716—1718, the Treaty of Passarowitz lists the surrender of the Banat, Serbia, and “Little Walachia” (Oltenia) territories to Austria.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The treaty also mentioned that the Ottoman Sultanate took a defensive stance and was unlikely to engage in any more aggression in Europe. [54]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The Austrian—Russian—Turkish War ended by the 1739 Treaty of Belgrade culminated in the return of Serbia and Oltenia, but the port of Azov was successfully seized by Russia.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

After this treaty, the Ottoman Sultanate enjoyed a period of peace as Austria and Russia were forced to deal with the rise of Prussia. [55]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Numerous educational and technological reforms were implemented, including the establishment of higher education institutions such as Istanbul Technical University. [56]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

In 1734, an artillery school was self-sufficient to introduce Western artillery methods, but Islamic scholars raised objections on the basis of theodition. [57]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

In 1754, the artillery school was reopened in half secret. [57]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

In 1726, Ibrahim Muteferrika convinced Nevşehirli's Grand Vizier Damat İbrahim Pasha, the Grand Mufti, and scholars about the efficiency of printing.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Muteferrika was allowed Sultan Ahmed III to publish non-religious books despite the opposition of a number of calligraphers and religious leaders. [58]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

Muteferrika's printing press published its first book in 1729.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

In 1743, the number of works he printed reached 17 pieces in 23 volumes and each work was printed as many as 500 to 1,000 copies. [58] [59] In 1768, the Haidamaks, rebels of the Russian-assisted Polish confederation, entered Balta, an Ottoman town on the border of Bessarabia, and massacred its citizens and grounded the city.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

This action forced the Ottoman Sultanate to start the Russo-Turkish War of 1768—1774.


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca of 1774 ended this war and provided freedom of worship for Christian citizens in the provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia. [60]


Question: When did the Ottoman Sultanate stand?

Ottoman Sultanate

In the late 18th century, a series of war defeats against Russia made some circles in the Ottoman Sultanate convinced that the reforms executed by Peter the Great gave Russia an edge, and the Ottomans had to use Western technology to avoid further defeats. [57]