Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Diaconate (post of deacon) Since the Second Vatican Council, the Latin Church has again accepted married adult men to be ordained to be Deacons.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

“The deacons were ordained as a sacramental sign for the Church and to the world belonging to Christ, who came 'to serve and not to be served. '


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The whole Church is called by Christ to serve, and the deacon, because of his sacramental ordination and through his various ministries, becomes a minister in the Servant Churches.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

As Sabda ministers, the deacons preached the Gospel, preached, and taught in the name of the Church.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

As ministers of the Sacrament, deacons baptize, lead the faithful in prayer, bear witness to marriage, perform death services and funerals.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

As a minister of love, the deacon is a leader in recognizing the needs of others, then using the resources of the Church to cover those needs.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The deacons are also dedicated to the elimination of injustices and inequalities that give rise to these needs. “[76]


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Candidates for the diaconate undergo a program of diaconal formation designed based on the cutting-edge needs of their diocese but must achieve the minimum standards set by the church conferences in their home countries.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

After completing their formation program and obtaining the consent of the local bishop, the candidates receive the sacrament of the priesthood through ordination.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Generally, once ordained, a deacon is placed by his bishop on a local parish where he will exercise his ministry and serve the Church and that local community.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Membership of the Catholic Church According to Canon Law, a person becomes a member of the Catholic Church by being baptized in the Catholic Church or by means of being accepted into the Catholic Church (by making a statement of faith, if the one concerned has been baptized). [77]


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

If on their own accord a person wants to break juridical ties with the Catholic Church, then a formal act is required in writing before the local Church Officer or parish priest of the concerned person, who will assess whether the act is classified as apostate, heresy or schism; without this formal act of exit, “heresy (both formal and material), schism and apostasy do not in itself constitute an act of exit officially, if not externally manifested and manifested to ecclesiastical authorities in ways that required. “[78]


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Those who do not commit these acts are considered still bound to the Catholic Church and “continue to be bound by mere ecclesiastical laws.”


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

A person who drops out of membership of the Catholic Church may be readmitted at a later date, after the one concerned has made a statement of faith.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The role of the Catholic Church in the civilization of Church Doctrine and science The historians of science, including non-Catholics such as J. L. Heilbron, [79] Alistair Cameron Crombie, David C. Lindberg, [80] Edward Grant, Thomas Goldstein, [81] and Ted Davis, argue that the Church Catholicism had an important positive influence on the development of civilization.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

They are convinced that it is not only the nuns who saved and cultivated the remnants of ancient civilizations during the invasions of the barbarians, but also that it is the Catholic Church that encourages learning and science through its support of many universities that, in under his leadership, grew fast in Europe in the 11th and 12th centuries.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

St.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Thomas Aquinas, the “model theologian” of the Catholic Church, not only argues that sense is compatible with faith, he even acknowledges that reason can contribute to Illahi's understanding of revelation, and thus encourage intellectual development. [82]


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The scientists of the Catholic Church, most of whom were Jesuits, and who were pioneers in the sciences of astronomy, genetics, geomagnetism, meteorology, seismology, and solar physics, became the “fathers” of those sciences.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

It is necessary to mention here, the names of Catholic spiritualists such as Abbas of the Order of St. Augustine Gregor Mendel (pioneer in the study of genetics) and Belgian priest Georges Lemaître (the first person to put forward the Big Bang theory).


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

This reality is the opposite of the view maintained by some philosophers of the enlightenment century, that the doctrines of the Catholic Church are superstitious and hinder the progress of civilization.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

One famous example proposed by such critics is Galileo Galilei, who in 1633, was condemned for sticking to the teachings of the heliocentric universe (the universe centered on the sun), a theory first established by Nicolaus Copernicus, a priest Catholics.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

After years of investigation, consultation with the Pope, promises then violated by Galileo himself, and finally a trial by the Roman Inquisition Tribunal and the Universal, Galileo was found “accused of being a heresy” - not a heresy, as it is often mistakenly called- call.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Although modern science proves that two of the four scientific theses put forward by Galileo are actually mistaken, namely that the Sun is the center of the universe, and that the Earth circles the Sun in a perfectly circular orbit, Pope John Paul II openly expressing remorse for the actions of the Catholics who treated Galileo badly in court on October 31, 1992. [83]


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

An abstraction of the actions in the court proceedings against Galileo can be found in the Vatican Secret Archives (Vatican Secret Archives), which reproduces parts of the archive on its website.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Cardinal John Henry Newman, in the 19th century, said that the people who attacked the Catholic Church were only able to point out the case of Galileo, which for many historians does not prove the Church's opposition to science because it was precisely many Catholic spirits of the time who were encouraged by the Church to carry forward their research. [84]


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Currently, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teaching that human embryonic stem cell research (embryonic stem cell research) is a form of experimentation in humans, and results in the killing of a human being, arguing that this teaching precludes scientific research.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Catholic Church instead argues that advances in the science of medicine can occur without the need for there to be destruction of humans (who are still in the embryonic life stage); for example, by using adult stem cells (adult stem cells) or umbilical cord stem cells (umbilical stem cells) instead of cells embryonic brood.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Churches, art, and literary works Some historical experts rate the Catholic Church meritorious for the sheer and majesty of Western art.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

They refer to the church's resistance to iconoclasm (a movement that opposes the visual depiction of the divine), the persistence of the Church in building buildings that support worship, the quotation of a Bible verse by Augustine of Hippo - from the Book of Wisdom 11:20 (God “told everything is measured, calculated, and weighed”) leading to the geometric constructions of Gothic architecture, the coherent scientific systems of the Scholastics called Summa Theologiae that influenced the scientifically consistent writings of Dante Alighieri, the creation and sacramental theology of the Church that has developed a Catholic imagination that influenced writers such as J. R. R. Tolkien [85], C.S. Lewis, and William Shakespeare, [86] and finally, the patronage that popes gave during the Renaissance for the masterworks of the great works of the Catholic artists such as Michelangelo, Raphael, Bernini, Borromini, and Leonardo da Vinci.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The church and economic development Francisco de Vitoria, a disciple of Thomas Aquinas and a Catholic thinker who studied the human rights of the indigenous colonies, recognized the United Nations as a Father of international law, and is now also recognized by experts in economic history and democracy as a leading light for Western democracy and economic acceleration. [87]


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Joseph Schumpeter, an expert on economics from the 20th century, pointed to scholastics, when writing that, “they are the most worthy more than any group also to be called the scientific 'founders' of the science of economics. “[88]


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Other economic and historical experts, such as Raymond de Roover, Marjorie Grice-Hutchinson, and Alejandro Chafuen, have also issued similar statements.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Historian Paul Legutko of Stanford University says that the Catholic Church “was at the center of the development of the values, the ideas, the sciences, the laws, and the institutions that make up what we call Western civilization. “[89]


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Social justice, nursing, and hospital systems According to hospital history expert, Guenter Risse, the Catholic Church has contributed to society through its social doctrines (Church social teachings) that have led leaders to promote social justice and by forming hospital system in medieval Europe, namely a system that differed from the hospitality of the Greek community and the obligations of the family based on the Roman community.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The hospitals were established to provide services for certain groups of people set aside due to poverty, disease, and advanced age. “[90]


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

James Joseph Walsh wrote of the Catholic Church's contribution to the hospital system, as follows: During the 13th century a large number of [these] hospitals were established.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Italian cities are the leaders of the movement.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Milan had no fewer than a dozen hospitals and Florence before the end of the 14th century had about 30 hospitals.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Some of them are very beautiful buildings.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

In Milan part of the public hospital building was designed by Donato Bramante and part of it was again designed by Michelangelo.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The hospital of innocents in Florence to house abandoned children is an architectural gem.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The hospital in Sienna, founded in tribute to Santa Katarina of Siena, has since been famous.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Across Europe this hospital movement is spreading everywhere.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Virchow, the great pathologist of Germany, in an article about hospitals, suggests that every German city of 5000 people has a hospital.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

He traces this hospital movement all the way to Pope Innosentius III, and although not a papal supporter, Virchow unhesitatingly gives the pope the highest credit for everything he has done for the good of suffering children and mankind. [91]


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The beauty and efficiency of Italian hospitals even inspired some who precisely criticized the Catholic Church.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The German historian Ludwig von Pastor quotes back the words of Martin Luther who, on a trip to Rome in the winter of 1510-1511, had the opportunity to visit some of these hospitals: In Italy, according to him, hospitals were magnificently established, and really admirable that the hospital was equipped with excellent food and drink, careful attention and learned healers.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The sleeping places and bed supplies were clean, and the walls were covered with paintings.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

When a patient is brought in, his clothes are released in the presence of a notary who carefully inventories them, then they are safely stored.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

A white smock (patient's robe) was put on him and he was laid on a cozy cot, covered with clean linen.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

There were two doctors who went to him, and the servants brought him food and drinks in clean glasses, which showed him all the attention that could be given. [92]


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Catholic Church as an opus proprium, called Benedict XVI in Deus Caritas Est, has been carrying out for centuries since its inception and continues to carry out various services of love — among others, hospitals, schools, and poverty eradication programs.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Criticism of the Roman Catholic Church Sexual abuse scandal In 2002, the United States was fueled by a major scandal when a series of demands, accompanied by supporting evidence, were addressed to priests who sexually abused children throughout several decades.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

What further aggravated the situation was the fact that the Church knew some of the priests perpetrating the abuse, and initially treated them by denying knowing the crimes they committed and transferring them from one church to another rather than oppressing them.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The scandal that caused the resignation of Cardinal Bernard Law from the Archdiocese of Boston, was a devastating blow to the Church's image in the public eye — In one survey after sticking out the scandal 64% of respondents agreed that most Catholic priests “often do abuse of children” (data indicate that only 1.5-1.8% of Catholic priests have actually been prosecuted for abusing children. [93]).


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Catholic News Service reports: About 4 percent of U.S. priests employed from 1950 to 2002 are accused of sexual abuse of minors, according to a comprehensive national study concerning the issue.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The study said that 4,392 spirituals—almost all of them priests—were accused of abuse against 10,667 people.75 percent of these incidents occurred between 1960 and 1984.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

According to the study, in the same period there were 109,694 priests.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

According to studies conducted by John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York, the costs in connection with sexual harassment amounted to a total of $573 million. $219 million of that amount was countered by insurance companies.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The study compiled a list of key characteristics of reported incidents of sexual harassment.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Included: — Most of the victims, namely 81 percent, were male.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The weakest victims were boys aged 11 to 14, representing more than 40 percent of the number of victims.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

This reality is against the trend in U.S. society in general where the main problem is adult men abusing girls. [94]


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Similar cases have emerged in other states.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

In Ireland, a number of cases of sexual abuse sticking out in children committed by Catholic priests and monks, such as that experienced by Andrew Madden, have greatly weakened the influence of the Church in recent years.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Since 2001, authority over the resolution of sexual abuse matters committed by the clergy is no longer within the competence of the local bishop, but is taken over by the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith in Rome, according to the contents of the Apostolic Letter of Pope John Paul II as well as (both documents in Latin).


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Under the Church's Canonical Law of 1983 clergy who sexually abuse a minor may be subject to the penalty of dispossession of clerical status (“laisisation”). [95]


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

See also Catholic Church Eastern Rite Footnotes List of Unknown library parameters |month= ignored (help) Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help) 4 Volumes.


Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

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Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

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Roman Catholic Church

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Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

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Roman Catholic Church

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Roman Catholic Church

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Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. by Albert J. Fritsch, SJ, PhD Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


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Roman Catholic Church

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Roman Catholic Church

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Roman Catholic Church

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Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The free CD contains a summary of the Catholic Church's teachings regarding Mass, Mary, etc.


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Roman Catholic Church

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Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

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Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

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Roman Catholic Church

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Roman Catholic Church

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Roman Catholic Church

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Roman Catholic Church

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Roman Catholic Church

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Question: What is the name of the first church in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

- U. S. directory of the Catholic Church.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The Battle of the Coral Sea or Battle of the Coral Sea 4 May—8 May 1942 was a major naval battle on the Pacific Battlefield between the Imperial Japanese Navy against Allied naval and air forces from the United States and Australia.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The battle was the first naval battle between two fleets involving aircraft carriers, and is recorded as the first naval battle in history involving warships of both sides not firing at each other directly from ships.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

In an effort to strengthen the defensive position of Imperial Japanese territory in the South Pacific, the Empire of Japan decided to invade and occupy Port Moresby in New Guinea and Tulagi in the southeast of the Solomon Islands.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

This operation plan was called Operation MO which involved several major units of the Japanese Combined Fleet, including aircraft from two aircraft carriers and a light aircraft carrier as air protection of the invasion fleet.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

As commander-in-chief of Japan was Shigeyoshi Inoue.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The United States sniffed out the Japanese plan through radio interception and deployed two United States Navy aircraft carrier task forces and a combined force of Australian and United States Navy cruisers.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

On 3 May and 4 May, the Japanese successfully invaded and occupied Tulagi, although several battleships were sunk or damaged by sudden attacks from aircraft based at the aircraft carrier Yorktown.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Upon learning of the whereabouts of the United States' aircraft carriers, the Japanese aircraft carrier fleet entered the Coral Sea (Coral Sea) with the aim of finding and destroying all Allied sea power.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Starting 7 June, aircraft carriers from both sides launched each other's air strikes for two consecutive days.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

On the first day, the United States sank the Japanese light aircraft carrier Shōhō.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Instead a Japanese attack sank the United States destroyer and resulted in a tanker being heavily damaged up to it had to be scuttled.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

On the next day, the Japanese aircraft carrier Shōkaku was badly damaged, while the United States aircraft carrier Lexington had to be scuttled after being heavily damaged, and Yorktown sustained damage.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The fleets of both sides withdrew from the battle area after both sides suffered heavy losses.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The planes were destroyed and the aircraft carriers sunk or damaged.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Having lost air protection from the carrier, Inoue withdrew the Port Moresby invasion fleet with the intention of attempting to return another day.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

This battle ended with the Japanese side's tactical victory in terms of the number of enemy ships successfully scuttled.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

But instead, this battle meant a strategic victory for the Allied side based on several grounds.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The previously unbearable expansion of Japanese territory, for the first time was successfully held back in the Battle of the Coral Sea.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Japan also suffered heavy losses.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Shōkaku's flagship was heavily damaged while Zuikaku ran out of aircraft so was unable to take part in the Battle of Midway which took place the following month.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

That resulted in the air power of the United States and Japan being balanced until the naval battle at Midway ended in a United States victory.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Four Japanese carriers were sunk at Midway so Japanese attempts to again invade Port Moresby from the sea stalled.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Two months later, the Allies took advantage of Japan's strategic weakness in the South Pacific to launch the Guadalkanal Campaign.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Together with the conduct of the New Guinea Campaign, the United States eventually broke into Japan's defenses in the South Pacific, and eventually became one of the contributing factors for Japan's defeat in World War II.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Background to Japanese Imperial Expansion On 7 December 1941, Japanese aircraft carriers attacked the United States Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The attack destroyed or crippled most of the combat ships of the United States Pacific Fleet, while preempting open warfare between the two countries.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

In this war, Japanese war leaders sought to eliminate the threat from the American fleet, deprive the Allied colonies of rich natural resources, and overrun strategic military bases to defend Japan's growing power.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At about the same time as the Bombing of Pearl Harbor, Japan invaded Malaya to cause Great Britain, Australia, and New Zealand to join the United States as Allies in the war against Japan.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

In accordance with “Secret Order Number One” dated 1 November 1941 issued the Combined Fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy, Japan's initial objective in the war was to “(cripple) the British and American forces of the Dutch East Indies and the Philippines, (as well as) establish a policy of independence economy and self-sufficiency autonomously. “[7]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

In an effort to achieve its end goal of the war, in the first few months of 1942, the Japanese army invaded and successfully took over the Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, Dutch East Indies, Wake Islands, New Britain, as well as the Gilbert Islands and Guam.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

In the process of expropriating these territories, Japan resulted in heavy losses to the Allied side's land, sea and air forces.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Japan's conquered nations, according to the plan would be used as an outline defense for the Empire of Japan, as well as waging war tactics to exhaust opponents in their efforts to defeat or finish off Allied counterattacks. [8]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Not long after the war progressed, the Naval General Staff issued a recommendation to invade Australia as a precaution to keep Australia from being instated as a military base threatening Japan's outline defences in the South Pacific.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

However this recommendation was rejected by the Imperial Japanese Army which put forward the reason that Japan lacked sufficient ship capacity and military strength.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At the same time, the commander of the Japanese Navy's IV Fleet Admiral Madya Shigeyoshi Inoue proposed the occupation of Tulagi which was southeast of the Solomon Islands and Port Moresby in Papua New Guinea.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

His proposal kept the northern part of Australia within range of Japanese aircraft based on land.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

As the leader of Fleet IV also called the South Seas Fleet, Inoue supervised naval units in the South Pacific region.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

He believed that occupation and mastery of these locations would ensure security and defence for the main Japanese base at Rabaul, New Britain.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The Imperial Japanese Navy and Army General Staff accepted Inoue's proposal and planned continued operations.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

In continuing operations, Inoue's proposed locations will be used as supporting military bases in the next attempt to seize New Caledonia, Fiji, and Samoa which if successful will sever lines of communication and supplies between Australia and the United States. [9]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

By April 1942, the navy and land forces drew up a plan which was named Operation MO.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

According to this plan, Port Moresby would be attacked from the sea and should be able to be secured before 10 May 1942.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The same plan also lists the takeover of Tulagi on 2—3 May 1942.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The Navy would make Tulagi a base for seaplanes that would attack Allied territories and armies in the South Pacific.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

After Operation MO was completed drawn up, the navy drew up another plan for Operation RY aimed at seizing Nauru and the phosphate-rich Banaba Islands on 15 May 1942.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

RY operations will be waged using ships based in locations that have been captured in the MO operation.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The next military operation called Operation FS aimed at seizing Fiji, Samoa, and New Caledonia, and would be drawn up once the MO and RY operations were completed.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

In March 1942 Allied aircraft based on aircraft carriers and on land attacked Japanese warships carrying out an invasion of the Lae-Salamaua area and resulting in losses for the Japanese.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Therefore, Inoue asked the Combined Fleet to dispatch aircraft carriers as protection from the air for the Japanese military force in Operation MO.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Inoue notably expressed his dismay towards Allied bomber aircraft based in Townsville and Cooktown, Australia.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Both Allied military ranks were out of reach of Japanese bombers based at Rabaul and Lae. [10]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The commander of the Japanese Combined Fleet, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto simultaneously conceived a military operation for June 1942 that intended for the United States aircraft carriers that had not yet been destroyed at Pearl Harbor enter a trap and rendezvous with his fleet in the decisive battle in the Ocean Pacific near Midway Atoll.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

In support of Operation MO, Yamamoto deployed several large battleships, including two aircraft carriers, one light aircraft carrier, a cruiser division, and two cruiser divisions, as well as appointing Inoue as fleet commander. [11]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Allied reaction For years unbeknown to Japan, the Communications Security Section, the United States Naval Communications Office has successfully penetrated Japanese communications passwords.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Until March 1942, the United States had managed to decipher 15% of the Ro code or Code Book D of the Navy (called password JN-25B by the United States) that the Imperial Japanese Navy wore for roughly half of the communications it conducted.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Until the end of April 1942, the United States military was already able to read 85% of the transmitted signals using Ro code. [12]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

In March 1942, the United States for the first time captured a Japanese message calling the matter of Operation MO.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The United States on 5 April captured Imperial Japanese Navy passwords addressed to an aircraft carrier and other large-sized warships that were heading for the Inoue area of operations.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

On 13 April, the British deciphered the Imperial Japanese Navy's password informing Inoue of the Fifth Aircraft Division consisting of the aircraft carriers Shōkaku and Zuikaku was heading for Inoue's fleet, dispatched from Formosa past the Japanese Empire's AL main base at Truk.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The British side forwarded this message to the United States side following their conclusion that Port Moresby was most likely the target of Operation MO. [13]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The new Allied commander in the newly appointed Pacific, Admiral Chester Nimitz and the staff discussed about the leaked Japanese message and agreed the Japanese side might be embarking on massive operations in the Southwest Pacific in early May and it was likely that Port Moresby was a target.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The Allies considered Port Moresby a key base for a Douglas MacArthur-led retaliatory attack on Japanese military power in the Pacific area.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Admiral Nimitz's staff also concluded possible Japanese military operations included air attacks from aircraft carriers against Allied bases in Samoa and Suva.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

After consulting with the Commander-in-Chief of the United States Fleet Admiral Ernest King, Nimitz decided to fight the Japanese by means of deploying the entire aircraft carriers (four aircraft carriers) of the Pacific fleet to the Coral Sea.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

On 27 April, Japanese messages captured by United States intelligence confirmed most details and targets of Operations MO and RY. [14]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

On 29 April 1942, Nimitz issued orders deploying four aircraft carriers along with supporting warships towards the Coral Sea.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Under the command of Admiral Young Fletcher, Task Force 17 (TF17) consisted of the aircraft carrier Yorktown with a flock of three cruisers and four destroyers, as well as logistical support from two tankers already in the South Pacific.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Logistical support was dispatched from Tongatabu on 27 April, and was already heading to the Coral Sea.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Task Force 11 (TF11) under the command of Admiral Young Aubrey Fitch consisted of the aircraft carrier Lexington escorted two cruisers and five destroyers already between Fiji and New Caledonia.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Task Force 16 (TF16) consisted of two aircraft carriers, Enterprise and Hornet was under the command of Admiral Madya William F. Halsey.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

They had only arrived at Pearl Harbor after being worn in the Doolittle Raid in the central Pacific so were not dispatched because they would not arrive in time in the South Pacific to take part in the battle.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Nimitz appointed Fletcher as commander of the Allied marine fleet in the South Pacific area until Halsey arrived with TF16. [15]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Although the Coral Sea area was still under MacArthur's command, Fletcher and Halsey while in the Coral Sea area were ordered to report directly to Nimitz, and not to MacArthur. [16]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Based on radio traffic from TF16s that were successfully captured while they were heading back to Pearl Harbor, the Japanese assumed all United States Navy aircraft carriers were in the central Pacific, except for one aircraft carrier that was at Pearl Harbor.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Japan does not know the location of the remaining carriers, but does not expect the arrival of United States aircraft carriers until Operation MO gets underway. [17]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Preparatory Battles Throughout late April, Japanese submarines RO-33 and RO-34 spied on areas that would serve as landing sites for Japanese soldiers.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Japanese submarines also inspected the Rossel Islands and the coves of the Deboyne Islands which are in the Louisiade Islands Cluster, Jomard Strait, and shipping lanes to Port Moresby from to the east.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

After not encountering a single Allied ship, they returned to Rabaul on 23 April and 24 April. [18]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Young Admiral Kōsō Abe led the Japanese invasion of Port Moresby by deploying 12 transports carrying about 5,000 servicemen from the Japanese Army's South Seas Detachment, plus about 500 servicemen from the III Kure Naval Landing Special Forces.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The Japanese transports escorted the Port Moresby Attack Unit consisting of one light cruiser and six destroyers under the command of Admiral Muda Sadamichi Kajioka.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Abe's ships set out from Rabaul travelling 840 nautical miles (1,556km) at speeds of 8 knots (15km/h) towards Port Moresby on May 4.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

On the next day, Abe's ships were joined by escort ships under Kajioka's command.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The Japanese fleet drove at speeds of 8 knots (15km/h) with a planned transit across the Jomard Strait at Louisiade, and passed around the southern tip of New Guinea Island before arriving at Port Moresby on May 10. [19]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The Allied garrison at Port Moresby numbered about 5,333 servicemen, but the number of infantry troops was only half the total number, and all were equipped with poor armament and lacking training. [20]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The spearhead of the invasion into Tulagi was the Tulagi Invasion Unity under the command of Young Admiral Kiyohide Shima.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The unit consisted of two minesweepers, two destroyers, six minesweepers, two submarine chasers, and one transports carrying about 400 servicemen from the III Kure Naval Landing Special Forces.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The Tulagi Invasion Unity was supported by a Protection Group consisting of the light aircraft carrier Shōhō, four heavy cruisers, and one destroyer under the command of Admiral Young Aritomo Gotō.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

In addition there is still a separate Protection Unit (sometimes called a Support Group) which is under the command of Young Admiral Kuninori Marumo.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The Protection Unity consisted of two light cruisers, the seaplane carrier Kamikawa Maru, and three cannon ships that joined the Protection Group to provide long-range protection support for soldiers storming Tulagi.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

After Tulagi fell on 3 May or 4 May, the Protection Group and Support Group were repositioned to protect the invasion of Port Moresby. [22]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Inoue set the course of Operation MO from aboard the cruiser Kashima which he also rode when it arrived at Rabaul from Truk on 4 May. [23]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The ships in the Gotō led Protection Group were dispatched from Truk on 28 April, sailing via the Solomon Islands between the Bougainville Islands and the Choiseul Islands before being posted near the New Georgia Islands.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The ships in the Marumo-led Protection Union dispatched from New Ireland on 29 April bound for the Gulf of Thousand Ships, Santa Isabel Islands, before being posted as a base for support seaplanes for the invasion of Tulagi on 2 May.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The invasion unit under Shima's command was dispatched from Rabaul on 30 April. [24]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The Japanese Aircraft Assault Unit capsized the aircraft carriers Zuikaku and Shōkaku, as well as two heavy cruisers and six destroyers that were dispatched from Truk on 1 May.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

This Assault Unity was under the command of Admiral Madya Takeo Takagi (as his command ship was the cruiser Myōkō) with Young Admiral Chūichi Hara who was stationed aboard Zuikaku as tactical commander of the aircraft carrier aircraft.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

They sailed past the eastern side of the Solomon Islands and entered the Coral Sea from south of Guadalkanal.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Once in the Coral Sea, the carriers were tasked with providing air protection for the Japanese forces conducting the invasion, destroying Allied air power at Port Moresby, and intercepting and destroying all Allied naval forces entering the Coral Sea to conduct retaliatory attack. [25]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

En route to the Coral Sea, Takagi's carriers were assigned to escort nine Zero fighter aircraft to Rabaul.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

But bad weather during two attempts to deliver Zero aircraft on May 2 and May 3 forced the planes back to the carrier which was in position 240 nautical miles (444km) from Rabaul.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

One of Zero's planes was even forced to land in the sea.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

After two failed delivery attempts, Takagi in an attempt to keep the schedule for Operation MO, was forced to cancel the Zero aircraft delivery attempt.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The ships were ordered to head to the Solomon Islands to refuel. [26]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

As an early warning giver, Japan has deployed I-22, I-24, I-28, and I-29 submarines that form a lookout network about 450 nautical miles (833km) southwest of Guadalkanal.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

However Fletcher's fleet had passed first and entered the Coral Sea before the Japanese submarines were at their respective posts.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

This led the Japanese to be ignorant of the existence of the Allied fleet under Fletcher's command.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

One Japanese submarine, I-21 sent to scout around Nouméa was attacked by planes from Yorktown on 2 May.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

I-21 sustained no damage, but it did not seem aware that an attack came from a plane that was based on the carrier.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The RO-33 and RO-34 submarines were also deployed as the Japanese venture blockaded Port Moresby, and arrived off the coast on 5 May.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The two did not encounter any Allied ships during the battle. [27]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The morning of 1 May 1942, Task Force 17 (TF17) and Task Force 11 (TF11) met about 300 nautical miles (556km) northwest of New Caledonia (). [28]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Fletcher immediately ordered TF11 to refuel from the Tippecanoe tanker while TF17 refueled from Neosho.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

TF17 finished refueling the next day, but TF11 reported that refueling would not be completed until 4 May.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Fletcher chose to ship TF17 northwest to the Louisiade Cluster of Islands.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

After refuelling was completed, TF11 was ordered to join on 4 May with Task Force 44 (TF44) dispatched from Sydney and Nouméa.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

TF44 was a joint Australian-United States battleship flotilla under the command of MacArthur, led by Admiral Young John Crace of Australia.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The combined Australian-United States fleet consists of the cruisers HMAS Australia, HMAS Hobart, and USS Chicago, as well as three destroyers.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

After completion of refueling TF11, the Tippecanoe tanker departed for the Coral Sea to deliver the remaining fuel to the Allied ships at Efate. [29]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Tulagi Early on May 3, Shima's fleet reached off the coast of Tulagi and began landing naval forces to occupy Tulagi Island.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The small garrison of Austalian commando troops and reconnaissance units of the Australian Diraja Air Force had been first evacuated prior to the arrival of the Shima fleet.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Tulagi is in an empty unguarded state.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Japanese forces immediately began construction of a communications headquarters and seaplane base.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The planes from Shōhō provided cover for Japanese troop landings until after noon.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Meanwhile, Gotō's fleet turned towards Bougainville to refuel before being tasked with providing cover for the landing of Japanese troops at Port Moresby. [30]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 17:00 on 3 May, Fletcher was alerted that the Japanese invasion fleet to Tulagi had already been sighted the day before when it approached south of the Solomon Islands.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Unbeknown to Fletcher, TF11 had finished refuelling on the morning of 3 May much earlier than originally scheduled, and was only 60 nautical miles (111km) apart east of TF17.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Nonetheless, TF11 was unable to report its status because Fletcher ordered a period of radio silencing.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

TF17 changed course and drove at a speed of 27 knots towards Guadalkanal before launching an air attack on Japanese forces at Tulagi the following morning. [31]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

On 4 May 1942, from a position of 100 nautical miles (185km) south of Guadalkanal (), a total of 60 aircraft from Task Force 17 (TF17) launched three consecutive air raids on the Shima fleet off the coast of Tulagi.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The planes based at Yorktown surprised Shima's ships and sank the destroyer Kikuzuki () and three minesweepers, damaging four other ships, as well as destroying four amphibious ships that provided cover for troop landings.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The United States side lost one hatchling bomber aircraft and two fighter aircraft, but all the crew members were eventually rescued.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

After its planes returned at dusk 4 May, TF17 withdrew south.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Despite the damage from aircraft carrier attacks, the construction of the seaplane base was forwarded by the Japanese and reconnaissance aircraft missions were dispatched from Tulagi on May 6. [32]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The Japanese Aircraft Aircraft Assault Fleet under Takagi's command was refuelling at 350 nautical miles (648km) north of Tulagi when it received news of an attack from Fletcher's fleet on May 4.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Takagi ordered refueling halted, and changed the bow to the southeast.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

He also deployed reconnaissance aircraft to search for United States aircraft carriers east of the Solomons.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The reconnaissance ships found nothing because indeed the Allied ships were not in the area. [33]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Airborne search and important decision At 08.16 on 5 May, TF17 met with TF11 and TF44 at a pre-determined rendezvous point, 320 nautical miles (593km) south of Guadalkanal ().


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At about the same time, four F4F Wildcat fighter aircraft from Yorktown intercepted a Kawanishi Type 97 reconnaissance aircraft of the Yokohama Air Squadron joining the 25th Combat Squadron (Dai Nijūgo Kōkū Sentai) in the Shortland Islands.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The Kawanishi Type 97 aircraft was shot down 11 nautical miles (20km) from Task Force 11.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The aircraft did not transmit a radio message before it crashed, but never returned to a Japanese air base so it was thought that it crashed as a result of American aircraft gunfire coming from the carrier. [34]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

A message from Pearl Harbor informed Fletcher that radio intelligence had deciphered Japanese passwords about their plan to land troops at Port Moresby on 10 May, and Japanese carriers would likely be near the convoy conducting the invasion.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Armed with the information, Fletcher orders TF17 to refuel from the Neosho tanker.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Upon completion of refueling on 6 May, Fletcher planned to ship his fleet north in the direction of the Louisiade Islands Cluster for combat on 7 May. [35]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Meanwhile, Takagi's fleet of carriers sailed to the east side of the Solomon Islands throughout the day of 5 May, changed bow west to pass south of San Cristobal (Makira), and entered the Coral Sea after passing between Guadalkanal and the Rennell Islands in the early hours of 6 May.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Takagi began refueling for his ships at 180 nautical miles (333km) west of Tulagi to prepare for an intership battle that he predicted would occur the next day. [36]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

On 6 May, Fletcher merged TF11 and TF44 into TF17.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Refueling continued to be carried out of Fletcher's fleet which was convinced the Japanese carriers were still north near Bougainville.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Throughout the day, patrols of reconnaissance aircraft from American carriers failed to locate a single ship from the Japanese fleet because they were out of range of reconnaissance aircraft. [37]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 10:00 on 6 May, the amphibious reconnaissance ship Kawanishi from Tulagi spotted the TF17 flotilla and reported to base.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Reports were received by Takagi at 10:50.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At that time, Takagi's fleet was roughly 300 nautical miles (556km) north of Fletcher's fleet, almost beyond the maximum range range of the aircraft on the carrier.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Takagi's ships were still refueling and were not combat ready.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Takagi came to the conclusion based on a reconnaissance aircraft report that TF17 was heading south and getting away from the Japanese fleet.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

In addition, Fletcher's fleet was shaded in such thick clouds that Takagi and Hara predicted his planes would be hard-pressed to find United States carriers.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Takagi deployed two aircraft carriers with two cruisers under Hara's command to sail towards the TF17 fleet at 20 knots (23mph; 37km/h) in order to be in the attack position when the horizon began to light the next day, and the other Japanese ships were already completed refueling. [38]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

United States B-17 bomber aircraft based in Australia were several times dispatched to Port Moresby to attack the Japanese invasion force, including Gotō's battleships throughout the day of 6 May, but were unsuccessful on target.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Over the radio, MacArthur's headquarters preached to Fletcher the results of bomber aircraft attacks and the locations of the Japanese invasion forces.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Reports of aircraft pilots under MacArthur's command sighting an aircraft carrier (Shōhō) about 425 nautical miles (787km) northwest of the TF17 fleet convinced Fletcher of the existence of a Japanese aircraft carrier fleet assisting the unity of the Japanese invasion. [39]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 18:00 on 6 May, Task Force 17 (TF17) finished refueling.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Fletcher ordered the Neosho tanker escorted by Sims destroyer to move to another outpost farther south at ().


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

TF17 then turned its bow northwest towards the Rossel Islands at Louisiade.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Unbeknown to the two sides, their carriers were only integral 70 nautical miles (130km) from each other at 8pm that night.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 20:00 (), the fleet under Hara's lead changed bow to rendezvous with Takagi's fleet which had finished refueling and was heading towards Hara's fleet. [40]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Late in the evening of 6 May or early morning of 7 May, Kamikawa Maru finished preparing an amphibious ship base in the Deboyne Islands intended to provide air protection for the Japanese invasion forces when they approached Port Moresby.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The rest of the Protection Unity under the leadership of Marumo was at the post near the D'Entrecasteaux Islands with the intention of protecting the soon-to-arrive convoy of Abe's ships. [41]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Aircraft carrier battle, first day Morning attack At 06.25 on 7 May, the TF17 fleet was 115 nautical miles (213km) south of the Rossel Islands.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At the same time, Fletcher assigned Task Group (TG) 17.3 consisting of cruisers and destroyers under Crace's command to close the Strait of Jomard.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Fletcher was aware Crace's ships would be tasked without air protection as the planes from the TF17 aircraft carrier would be busy searching for and attacking Japanese carriers.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The assignment of Crace's warships to the Strait of Jomard meant reduced antiaircraft defences for Fletcher's carriers.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Nevertheless, Fletcher decided it was necessary to take risks to ensure the Japanese invasion force did not escape landing to Port Moresby while he was busy fighting with Japanese carriers. [42]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Fletcher estimated Takagi's fleet of carriers to be located somewhere near the Louisiade Islands, to the north of where it was located.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Yorktown ordered her to deploy 10 SBD hatchling bomber aircraft starting at 06.19am to search for the Japanese ships.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Meanwhile, Takagi, located approximately 300 nautical miles (556km) east of Fletcher () dispatched 12 Type 97 bomber aircraft at 06.00 as search aircraft for TF17 ships.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Hara estimated Fletcher's ships were south and advised Takagi to deploy search aircraft to the area.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Almost at the same time, Gotō's cruisers consisting of Kinugasa and Furutaka deployed four Kawanishi E7K2 Type 94 seaplanes as search aircraft on United States ships southeast of the Louisiade Islands.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Several other search aircraft dispatched the Japanese from Deboyne, four Kawanishi Type 97 from Tulagi, and three Mitsubishi Type 1 bomber aircraft from Rabaul.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Both sides prepare aircraft on their respective carriers to be dispatched if the enemy is found. [43]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 07.22, a search plane from the carrier Shōkaku reported the whereabouts of the United States ships at 182 degrees 163 nautical miles (302km) from Takagi.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 07.45, the search aircraft gave confirmation it had found “one aircraft carrier, one cruiser, and three destroyers.”


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Another search aircraft from Shōkaku co-corroborated earlier reports. [44]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The aircraft from the Shōkaku aircraft carrier had actually been misseen.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

They mistook the tanker Neosho and the destroyer Sims as two aircraft carriers.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Armed with reports of the discovery of United States carriers, Hara upon Takagi's approval, he launched all available aircraft.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

A number of 79 aircraft consisting of 18 Zero fighter aircraft, 36 Type 99 hatchwood bombers, and 24 torpedo aircraft were dispatched from Shōkaku and Zuikaku at 08.00.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

By 08.15 they were already flying in formation towards a location that according to vision reports there was a United States “aircraft carrier”. [45]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 08.20, one of the reconnaissance aircraft from Furutaka found Fletcher's carrier, and immediately reported it to Inoue's headquarters at Rabaul which it then passed to Takagi.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Vision reports of the presence of a United States aircraft carrier were confirmed by a seaplane from Kinugasa at 08.30.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Takagi and Hara are both puzzled by reports of conflicting visions.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

They decided to continue attacking the ships located in the south, while turning the bow of their carriers in a northwesterly direction approaching the reported location of reconnaissance aircraft from Furutaka. [46]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

From conflicting reports, Takagi and Hara conceive that there are two separate United States aircraft carrier clusters. [47]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 08.15, SBD aircraft from Yorktown with pilot John L. Nielsen spotted Gotō's fleet shadowing the invasion convoy.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Nielsen made a mistake in the codenamed message, and said his eyesight as “two aircraft carriers and four heavy cruisers” at, 225 nautical miles (417km) northwest of the TF17 fleet. [48]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Fletcher thinks Japan's main fleet of carriers has been found.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

All existing aircraft were dispatched from the carrier to attack.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 10:13, a number of 93 United States aircraft were already in the air to begin the attack on the Japanese fleet.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

They consisted of 18 Wildcat fighter aircraft, 53 SBD hatch bomber aircraft, and 22 TBD Devastator torpedo bomber aircraft.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 10:19, Nielsen landed and realized the error coded the message he was sending.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Although Shōhō was in Gotō's fleet, Nielsen thought he had seen only two cruisers and four destroyers.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

But at 10:12, Fletcher received reports from three United States Army B-17s of the presence of 10 transports and 16 warships at, precisely at 30 nautical miles (56km) south of the sight site reported by Nielsen.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The B-17 planes actually spotted the same ships as Nielsen saw, the Shōhō aircraft carriers, Gotō's cruisers, plus the invasion force into Port Moresby.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Believing the sight of the B-17 crews who had found the Japanese aircraft carrier fleet, Fletcher directed his air strikes toward the target. [49]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 09.15, Takagi's planes that reached the site saw only Neosho and Sims, and searched for the United States aircraft carrier.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Finally at 10:51, search aircraft from Shōkaku were aware of having misidentified the tanker and destroyer as aircraft carriers.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Takagi was now aware the American carriers were already midway between his fleet and the invasion convoy.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The Japanese invasion force was in danger.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Takagi orders his planes immediately to attack Neosho and Sims and then head home to the carrier as quickly as possible.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 11:15, torpedo bombers and gunships aborted the mission, and returned to their carriers while 36 hatchling bomber aircraft attacked two United States ships. [50]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Four hatchling bombers attacked Sims and the rest made Neosho a target.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Three bombs hit the destroyer Sims that broke in two, and sank instantly by killing all the crew.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Of the 192 crew members only 14 survived.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Neosho's famous 7 bombs.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

One of the hatchlings bombers was hit by antiaircraft fire and rained onto Neosho's tanker.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

After being heavily damaged and the engine shut down, Neosho was left floating and sank slowly at ().


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Before all systems died, Neosho still had time to tell Fletcher had been attacked over the radio, and was in a state of distress.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

However subsequent details about who and what attacked Neosho were not received due to the disruption of radio transmissions.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Neosho also incorrectly gave his position coordinates (). [51]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

United States attack aircraft spotted the Shōhō aircraft carrier a short distance northeast of the Misima Islands at 10:40 and began to attack.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The Japanese carriers were protected by six Zero fighter aircraft and two Type 96 fighter aircraft flying as armed air patrols, while other aircraft were being prepared near the bottom to attack United States carriers.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Shōhō aircraft carriers surrounded the cruisers in diamond formation, each with a range of 3,000 yards (2,743m) to 5,000 yards (4,572m). [52]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The first attacker, Lieutenant Colonel William B. Ault's Lexington squadron hit Shōhō with two 1,000-pound (454kg) bombs and five torpedoes to cause severe damage.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 11:00 the Yorktown squadron attacked the already burning Shōhō and barely moved again.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

They dropped 11 or more bombs weighing 1,000-pounds (454kg) and at least two more torpedoes.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The shōhō was destroyed and sank at 11:35 ().


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Anxious for the arrival of another air attack, Gotō pulled the retreat of his ships towards the north, but ordered Sazanami's destroyers to again pick up the survivors.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Only 203 of the 834 crew members of the Shōhō aircraft carrier survived.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Three United States aircraft crashed in the attack, including two SBDs from Lexington and one from Yorktown.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

In total 18 aircraft that Shōhō was carrying were lost but three armed air patrol fighter aircraft managed an emergency landing in the sea near Deboyne and survived.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 12:10, a message was sent to TF17 about the success of the mission, SBD pilot from Lexington and squadron commander Robert E. Dixon saying “Scratch one flat top!


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Signed Bob. “[53]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Daylight operation The United States planes came home and had already landed on their respective carriers at 13:38.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

By 14:20, the aircraft were rearmed and ready to deploy to storm the Japanese Invasion Unit to Port Moresby or Gotō's cruisers.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Nevertheless, Fletcher was still anxious about the existence of the other Japanese carriers.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

It got the news that Allied intelligence sources estimated there were at least four Japanese aircraft carriers deployed in Operation MO.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Fletcher had the day gone dark to begin the attack at a time when his reconnaissance ships could find the other Japanese carriers.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Therefore, another attack for the day was decided to be postponed.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

He decided to continue sailing under thick clouds while the warplanes continued to be prepared to survive.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Fletcher turned the bow of TF17 to the southwest. [54]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

After receiving news of his shipwreck of the Shōhō, Inoue ordered the invasion convoy to temporarily withdraw to the north.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Takagi which at the time was located at 225 nautical miles (417km) east of TF17 ordered her to destroy the United States aircraft carrier.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

When the invasion convoy was changing bow, eight United States Army B-17 aircraft came dropping the bombs, but did not hit the mark.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Gotō and Kajioka were ordered to prepare their ships south of the Rossel Islands for a nighttime naval battle should the United States ships appear within combat distance. [55]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 12:40, Japanese seaplanes based at Deboyne spotted and reported Crace's fleet to be in position 175 degrees, 78 nautical miles (144km) from Deboyne.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 13:15, a Japanese aircraft from Rabaul spotted Crace's fleet, but delivered an incorrect report.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

According to the aircraft from Rabaul, Crace's fleet consists of two aircraft carriers and is in position 205 degrees, 115 nautical miles (213km) from Deboyne.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Armed with the report, Takagi who was still awaiting the return of the planes that attacked Neosho, changed the bow of the ship to the west at 13:30.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Takagi told Inoue at 15:00 that the United States carriers were at least 430 nautical miles (796km) west of his position, and his fleet could not attack on that day. [56]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Two groups of attack aircraft from Rabaul that had been on the air since the morning deployed Inoue staff to head to the position the Crace ships were reported to be in.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The first group consisted of 12 torpedo-equipped Type 1 bombers.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The second group consisted of 19 Mitsubishi Type 96 ground attack aircraft armed with bombs.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The two groups of aircraft found and began attacking Crace's ships at 14:30.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

In reports, they claim to have sunk a “California” -class gunboat as well as damaging a gunship and a cruiser.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

In reality, none of Crace's ships were damaged, and four Type 1 aircraft were shot down.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Moments later, three B-17 aircraft from the United States Army accidentally bombed Crace's ships, but inflicted no damage. [57]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Crace at 15.26 spoke over the radio with Fletcher that himself could not complete the mission without air support.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Crace withdrew southward to a position about 220 nautical miles (407km) southeast of Port Moresby in order to further distance the range of Japanese aircraft from land or aircraft carriers, while staying close enough to stir the Japanese fleet to move to leave Louisiade over the Jomard Strait or China Strait.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Fuel supplies on Crace's ships have been depleting.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

After Fletcher ordered the radio silencing, Crace had absolutely no idea of Fletcher's position, situation, or plan. [58]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Not long after 15:00, Zuikaku caught a message (which was incorrect) from a reconnaissance aircraft based at Deboyne.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

According to the news, Crace's fleet had turned its bow to the southeast.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Takagi's staff assumed his reconnaissance aircraft were shadowing Fletcher's fleet and felt certain that if the Allied ships stayed to the southeast, they would be within range of the Japanese aircraft sometime before nightfall.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Takagi and Hara decided to strike immediately with a select group of aircraft, without any combat aircraft, although it meant that the planes would only return after dark. [59]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Hara attempted to confirm the location of the United States' aircraft carriers.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 15:15, Hara dispatched eight torpedo bombers as search aircraft swept 200 nautical miles (370km) westward.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Meanwhile, the hatchling bomber plane attacking Neosho lands back on the carrier.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Six recently arrived hatchery bomber pilots were told they would soon be dispatched back for another mission.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Hara selected only the most experienced flight crew.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 16:15, Hara deployed 12 hatch bombers and 15 torpedo aircraft with flying instructions of 277 degrees to 280 nautical miles (519km).


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The eight search aircraft flew up to 200-nautical-miles (370km) and turned around without seeing any of Fletcher's ships. [60]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

At 17:47, the TF17 fleet protected thick cloud shade at a position 200 nautical miles (370km) west of Takagi's fleet detected Japanese aircraft on radar were heading towards them.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The ships of TF17 turned the bow to the southeast, and dispatched 11 Wildcat armed air patrols, including one aircraft flown by James H. Flatley as an interceptor.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The Japanese planes were so surprised to be intercepted by the Wildcat, seven torpedo bombers and one hatch bomber were shot down.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

One torpedo bomber was heavily damaged (and later crashed).


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Instead only three Wildcats were shot down. [61]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

After suffering heavy losses from Allied attacks that also destabilized their ships' formations, the Japanese wartime leadership aborted the mission after conferring over the radio.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The Japanese planes immediately disposed of their armament, and reversed course back to the carriers.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The sun sank at 18:30.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Several Japanese hatchling bombers met the United States aircraft carrier in the darkness at around 19.00.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Darkness made them unaware they were approaching enemy carriers.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

They were briefly spinning about to prepare to land, but were scuppered by antiaircraft fire from the destroyers of the TF17 fleet.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

By 8pm the TF17 fleet and Takagi's fleet were already about 100 nautical miles (185km) apart.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Takagi lit searchlights on his warships to assist in the landing of 18 survivor aircraft.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

By 22:00 all aircraft had landed safely. [62]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Meanwhile, Neosho at 15.18 and 17.18 was still able to transfer to TF17 that it was being carried by currents towards the northwest in the condition of starting to sink.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

The coordinates given when Neosho reported at 17.18 turned out to be incorrect thus complicating the rescue effort.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Fletcher was then told the only fuel supply nearest to him was completed. [63]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

After the darkness of night ended the aircraft's operations later that day, Fletcher ordered TF17 to drive west and get ready to launch a 360-degree search when the horizon began to light.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Crace's fleet also changed the bow to the west to be within combat range of Louisiade.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Inoue contacted Takagi with orders to completely destroy the United States aircraft carriers by the next day, and delayed the Port Moresby landings until 12 May.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Takagi chose to all night take his carrier ships 120 nautical miles (222km) north in order for himself to concentrate on his morning searching westwards and southwards.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

In addition, he wanted to ensure his mother ships could provide protective support for invasion convoys.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Gotō and Kajioka were unable to transmit the positions and coordinates of their ships in time and so could not carry out night raids on Allied warships. [64]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Both sides hope to be able to meet each other in the early hours of the next morning.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Throughout the night, the crews prepared the attacking planes for battle the next day.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Meanwhile, the exhausted flight crew attempted to sleep several hours.


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

After reading Japanese documents about the Battle of the Coral Sea, Admiral Madya H. S. Duckworth of the United States in 1972 commented, “Undoubtedly, May 4, 1942 around the Coral Sea, is the most confusing battle area in world history. “[65]


Question: What are the number of countries participating in the Guadalkanal Campaign?

Battle of the Coral Sea

Hara later said to Commander-in-Chief Yamamoto, Admiral Matome Ugaki that he was so frustrated with the “bad luck” the Japanese experienced on 7 May that he felt like quitting the navy. [66]