Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

External local and territorial administration of JMPL|Ka|400px|Natural New Zealand.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Early arrivals from Europe divided New Zealand into several provinces, which enjoyed a high degree of autonomy. [101]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Due to financial pressures, and a desire to consolidate railroads, education, land sales, and other policies, the government then centralized these provinces by abolishing them in 1876. [102]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

As a result, New Zealand now does not have a separate subnational entity.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The existence of these provinces still stands, and is remembered in provincial birthdays [103] and sporting rivalries. [104]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Since 1876, various councils have governed local areas under legislation prescribed by the central government. [101] [105] In 1989, the government reorganized local government into a two-tiered structure, namely regional councils and territorial authorities. [106] 249 municipalities [ 106] which came into existence in 1975 has now been consolidated into 67 territorial authorities, and 11 regional councils. [107]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The role of the regional council is to regulate the “natural environment with special emphasis based on natural resource management”, [106] while territorial authorities are responsible for taking care of waste, and sewage, water, local roads, building licensing, and other local affairs. [108]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Five of the existing territorial councils are in the form of unitary authorities and also act as regional councils. [109]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The territorial authority consists of 13 municipal councils, 53 district councils, and the Chatham Islands Council.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Although officially the Chatham Islands Council is not a unitary authority, it bears many of the functions that a district council used to have. [110]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The realm of New Zealand is one of 16 realms within the commonwealth [111] [112] and consists of New Zealand, Tokelau, the Ross Dependencies, the Cook Islands, and Niue. [112]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The Cook Islands, and Niue are self-governing countries within New Zealand's joint free association. [113] [114] The New Zealand Parliament cannot legislate for these countries, but with the consent of that country New Zealand can act for affairs overseas, and defense.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Tokelau is a non-governmental territorial that uses the flag, and the national anthem of New Zealand, but is administered by a council of three elders (one each of each Tokelau atoll). [115] [116] The Ross Dependencies are territorial provisors New Zealand in Antarctica, where these dependencies operate the Scott Base research facility. [117]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand citizenship laws treat all parts of New Zealand nature equally, so most people born in New Zealand, the Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau, and Ross Dependencies prior to 2006 were New Zealand citizens.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Additional requirements apply to those born in 2006 or later. [118]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Environment Geography See also: Atlas of New Zealand on Wikimedia Commons ka|JMPL|Mount Taranaki in the North Island.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand consists of two main islands, and a number of smaller islands, located near the centre of the oceanic hemisphere.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The North Island and the South Island are separated by Cook Strait, 22 kilometres wide at its narrowest gap. [119]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Alongside the North Island, and the South Island, the five largest inhabited islands are Stewart Island, Chatham Island, Great Barrier Island (in the Hauraki Gulf), [120] d'Urville Island (in the Marlborough Sounds) [121] and Waiheke Island (approximately 22 kilometers from central Auckland). [122]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The country's islands lie between 29°LS to 53° LS, and 165° BT to 176° BT.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand has a length of (more than 1,600 kilometers longitudinal from north to south) and has a maximum width of 400 kilometers transverse from west to east, [123] with roughly 15,134 kilometres of coastline [124] and a total land area of 268,021 square kilometers [125] Because its far apart outer islands, and its long coastline, the country has abundant marine resources.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Its exclusive Economic Zone, is one of the widest in the world, covering more than 15 times its land area. [126]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The South Island is the largest island in New Zealand, and is divided longitudinal by the Southern Alps in the middle of it. [127]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

There are 18 mountain peaks higher than 3,000 meters above sea level, the highest being Mount Cook/Aoraki at 3,754 kilometers above sea level. [128]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The steep Fiordland mountains, and deep fyords are inscriptions to the great glaciation processes of the ice age on the southwestern edge of the South Island. [129]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The North Island is not very mountainous, but it is characterized by many volcanoes. [130]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The highly active Taupo Volcanic Zone has formed a large volcanic plateau, which is punctuated by the highest mountain in the North Island, Mount Ruapehu (2,797 meters above sea level).


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The plateau is also home to the largest lake in the country, Lake Taupo, [131] which is located in the caldera of one of the most active supervolcanos in the world. [132]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The country has a varied topography, and perhaps even its emergencies over many waves, to its dynamic borders, it straddles between the Pacific Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate. [133]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand is part of the Continent of Zealand, a continental fragment, almost half the size of Australia, which gradually sank after separating from the adicontinent of Gondwana. [134]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Approximately 25 million years ago, a shift in plate tectonics began to melt and squeeze the region.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Much of the evidence now located in the Southern Alps was formed by crustal compression on the side of the Alps Fault.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In others, the plate border involves the subduction of one plate under another, resulting in the Puysegur Trough in the south, the Hikurangi Trough in the east of the North Island, and the Kermadec Trough and Tonga Trough [135] in the far north. [133]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The climate of New Zealand is a temperate ocean with average annual temperatures ranging from 10°C in the south to 16°C in the north. [136]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Maksimas and minima ever recorded were 42.4°C in Rangiora, Canterbury and −25.6°C in Ranfurly, Otago. [137]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Conditions vary greatly from region to region, from very wet on the West Coast of the South Island to the almost semi-arid in Central Otago and the Mackenzie Basin in the Canterbury Inland, and subtropical in the North Auckland Peninsula. [138]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Among the seven largest cities, Christchurch is the driest, on average receiving only 640 millimetres of rainfall per year, and Auckland is the wettest, receiving almost double what Christchurch receives. [139]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch all receive an average of 2,000 hours of sun exposure per year.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The southern, and west-southwest parts of the South Island are cooler, and cloudier, with roughly 1,400—1,600 hours of sun exposure per year; the northern, and east-ocean parts of the South Island are the sunniest regions of the country, and receive roughly 2,400—2,500 hours of exposure to rays sun per year. [140]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Biodiversity The geographical remoteness of New Zealand over 80 million years [141] and the biogeography of the island are responsible for the unique species of flora and fauna of the country.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

They have evolved from the wild life of Gondwana or some organism is able to biologically chop by flying itself from shore to shore, swimming, or being carried away by ocean dynamics. [142]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Roughly 82 percent of New Zealand's native vascular herbs [n 2] are endemic, encompassing 1,944 species of 65 genus and one single familia. [143] [145] The two main forest types are forests dominated by broadleaved trees with floating Podocarpaceae, or by Nothofagus in cooler temperate regions. [146]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Another vegetation type is grassland. [147]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Before the arrival of humans, roughly 80 percent of New Zealand's landmass was covered by forests, with only high, wet, unfertile alps, and volcanic areas devoid of trees. [148]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Massive deforestation in New Zealand occurred after humans arrived, with roughly half of the forest vanishing to fire after occupation by the Polynesians. [149]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Most of the remaining forests also shrank after the arrival of the Europeans, due to logging or forest clearing to serve as land for pastoral processing, leaving only 23 percent of the entire land. [150]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The forests are dominated by various birds, and a few predatory mammals have been the cause for some species such as kiwi, kakapo, and takahē evolving into flightless birds. [151]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The arrival of humans, habitat-related changes, and the introduction of Polynesian rats, ferrets, and other mammals led to the extinction of many bird species, including large birds such as the moa and Haast's eagle. [152] [153] Other native animals are represented by reptiles (tuatara, bengsack, and cicak), [154] toads, spiders (katipo), insects (weta), and snails. [155] [156] Some, such as wren, and tuatara, are so unique, that they are called living fossils.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Three species of bats (since their extinction) are three, and only three signs of land mammals were native to New Zealand until 2006 when the discovery of the unique bones of a mole-size land mammal that was 16 million years old. [157] [158] After all, there are enough marine mammals. numerous, with nearly half the world's cetacea (whale, dolphin, and porpoise) and many pinnipeds reported to be contained in New Zealand waters. [159]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

There are many varieties of seabirds in New Zealand, one-third of which are only in the country. [160]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

There are more penguin species found in New Zealand than any other country. [161]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Since the arrival of humans almost half the country's vertebrate species are extinct, including at least 51 types of birds, three types of toads, three types of lizards, one breed of freshwater fish, four types of plants, and one type of bat. [152]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Others are endangered or their numbers have drastically shrunk. [152]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

However, preservers in New Zealand have pioneered several methods to help restore threatened wild life, including island sanctuaries, pest control, wild life translocation, parlors, and ecological island restoration, and selected areas others. [162] [163] [164] [165] According to the Environmental Performance Index of 2012, New Zealand is seen as a “strong manifestation” when it comes to environmental protection, ranking 14th out of 132 countries assessed. [166]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand's economy belongs to the developed world with economic growth rates rivaling Southern Europe in some respects, New Zealand is included in one of the best countries for example on the Human Development Index which puts New Zealand in third.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Exports are the main mainstay of the country's economy so the impact of the world economy will have a direct effect on the country's economic condition.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand has a modern, prosperous, and developed market economy with an estimated gross domestic product (GDP) based on a per capita balance of US$ 28,250. [n 3] New Zealand's unit of currency is the New Zealand Dollar, informally known as the “Kiwi dollar”; it also circulates in the Cook Islands (see Cook Islands Dollar), Niue, Tokelau, and Pitcairn Islands. [170]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand ranked 5th in the Human Development Index in 2011, [171] 4th in The Heritage Foundation's Economic Freedom Index of 2012, [172] and 13th in INSEAD's Global Innovation Index of 2012. [173]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Based on its history, extractive industries have greatly contributed to New Zealand's economy, focusing on seals hunting, whaling, wild linen harvesting, gold breeding, kauri sap collection, and native rosin. [175]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

With the development of sea vessels frozen in the 1880s decade meat, and other livestock produce was exported to Britain, a trade that became the base for strong economic growth in New Zealand. [176]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Great demand for agricultural produce from the United Kingdom, and the United States has helped New Zealanders obtain a higher standard of living than Australia, and Western Europe in the decades of the 1950s, and 1960s. [177] In 1973 New Zealand's export market went into decline when Great Britain joined the European Community [178] and other ballast factors, such as the 1973 oil crisis and the 1979 energy crisis, led to New Zealand's economic meltdown. [179]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The standard of living in New Zealand has fallen to below that of Australia, and Western Europe, and in 1982 New Zealand had the lowest per capita income among developed countries surveyed by the World Bank. [180]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Since 1984, the successor governments in New Zealand dealt with the restructuring of the macro-economy (which was originally known as Rogernomics and later changed to Ruthanasia), rapidly transforming New Zealand from a highly protectionistic economy to a market economy very liberal free. [181] [182] Unemployment numbers peaked above 10 percent in 1991, and 1992, [183] after the 1987 stock market catastrophe, but actually fell to a low of 3.4 percent in 2007 (ranking 5th out of 27 OECD countries compared). [184]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

After all, the global financial crisis has had a huge impact for New Zealand, with GDP shrinking for five consecutive quarters, the longest recession in 30 years, [185] [186] and unemployment rising back to 7% at the end of 2009. [187]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In May 2012, the general rate of unemployment was in the range of 6.7%; while the rate of unemployment for those aged 15 to 21 was 13.6%. [188]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand experienced a series of “intelligence resource emigration” since the decade of the 1970s [189] that still continues today. [190]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Nearly a quarter of highly skilled workers choose to live across the ocean, especially in Australia, and Britain, occupying the highest proportion among developed countries. [191]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

However, in recent years, there has been an “immigration of intelligence resources” bringing in well-educated professionals from European countries, and developing countries. [192] [193] New Zealand's trade depends heavily on international trade, [194] particularly agricultural produce. [195]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Its export numbers are 24 percent of its production, [124] leaving New Zealand vulnerable to international commodity prices, and the global recession.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Its important export industries are agriculture, horticulture, fishing, forestry, and mining, which account for half the country's exports. [196]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Its main export partners are Australia, the United States, Japan, China, and the United Kingdom. [124]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

On April 7, 2008, New Zealand, and China signed the New Zealand-China Free Trade Agreement, the first agreement China signed with a developed country. [197] [198] The service sector is the largest sector in the country's economy, followed by manufacturing, and construction, and then plantation, and extraction of raw materials. [124]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Tourism plays a significant role in the New Zealand economy, contributing US$ 15.0 billion to New Zealand's overall GDP, and supporting 9.6 percent of the entire workforce in 2010. [199]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

International visitors to New Zealand increased by 3.1percent in the year to October 2010 [200] and are expected to increase at a rate of 2.5 percent per year through 2015. [199]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Wool was once New Zealand's main agricultural export in the late 19th century. [175]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Even in the decade of the 1960s, it supplied more than a third of its total export gains, [175] but since then its price has steadily decreased compared to other commodities [201] and wool is no longer profitable for many farmers. [202]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In contrast, livestock, and dairy yields increased, with the number of dairy cows increasing to double between 1990 to 2007, [203] being the largest contributor to New Zealand exports. [204]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

From that year until June 2009, milk yields reached 21 percent (US$ 9.1 billion) of total exports, [205] and the largest company in the country, Fonterra, held control of nearly a third of international dairy trade. [206]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Other agricultural exports in 2009 were meat at 13.2 percent, wool at 6.3 percent, fruits at 3.5 percent, and fisheries at 3.3 percent.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The New Zealand wine industry has followed a similar trend of dairy, the number of vineyards doubled in the same period, [207] took over wool exports for the first time in 2007. [208] [209] Infrastructure In 2008, oil, gas, and coal supplied 69 percent New Zealand energy, and the remaining 31 percent is generated from renewable energy, particularly hydroelectric and geothermal power. [210]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand's transportation network includes 93,805 kilometers of roads, worth 23 billion dollars, [211] and 4,128 kilometers of rail lines. [212]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The majority of small towns, and large cities are connected by bus shuttles, although private cars are the largest mode of transportation. [213]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Railways in New Zealand were gazetted in 1993, then bought back by the government in 2004, and are now still state-owned enterprises. [214]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Railways operate across the country, although most transport freight than passengers. [215]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Most overseas visitors arrive via the airstrip [216] and New Zealand has seven international airports, although since February 2011 until now only Auckland and Christchurch International Airports are directly related to other countries than than Australia nor Fiji. [217]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The New Zealand Post Office monopolised telecommunications until 1989 when Telecom New Zealand was established, initially as a state-owned enterprise, and then incorporated in 1990. [218]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Telecom still owns the majority of telecom infrastructure, but competition from other providers is growing stronger. [219]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The United Nations International Telecommunications Union placed New Zealand at 12th in information, and communications infrastructure development, up four levels between 2008 to 2010. [220]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The demographics of New Zealand have a population of about 4 million.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

About 80% of its population is of European derivation.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The Maori are the second largest ethnic group (14.7%).


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Around 1996, and 2001, the number of Asians (6.6%) passed the number of Pacific Islanders (6.5%).


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Christianity is the dominant religion in New Zealand, although nearly 40% of its population has no religion.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The main Christian denominations are Anglican, Presbiteranian, Roman Catholic, and Methodist.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

There are also a number of people who call them Pantecostal and Baptist Churches and also Mormons.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The New Zealand-based Ratana Church has many followers among Maori people.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

According to census results, other minority religions include Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

There are more than 36,000 Muslims in New Zealand most of whom are newcomers, and refugees.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand's population is approximately 4.4 million inhabitants. [221]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand is a predominantly urban area, with 72 percent of the population living in 16 major urban areas, and 53 percent living in Auckland's four largest cities, Christchurch, Wellington, and Hamilton. [222]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Cities in New Zealand generally rank highly in terms of measures of international habitability.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

For example, in 2010 Auckland was ranked the 4th most livable city in the world and Wellington was ranked 12th in the Mercer version of the Quality of Life Survey. [223]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The life expectancy of a New Zealand baby born in 2008 was 82.4 years for females, and 78.4 years for males. [224]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The infant life expectancy at the time of birth is foreseen to rise from 80 years to 85 years by 2050, and infant mortality is expected to decrease. [225]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand's total fertility rate is at 2.1; relatively high for the size of developed countries, and natural births occupy a significant proportion of population growth.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Therefore, it has a young population compared to the most industrialized countries, with 20 percent of New Zealand's population being 14 years old or younger. [226]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

By 2050 New Zealand's population is estimated at 5.3 million people, the median lifespan changes from 36 years to 43 years, and the percentage of people aged 60 or older changes from 18 percent to 29 percent. [225]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Ethnicity and immigration According to the census of 2006; 67.6 percent of the population is known to be of European descent, and 14.6 percent as Māori. [227]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Other major ethnic groups were the Asian nation (9.2 percent) and the Pacific nation (6.9 percent), while 11.1 percent claimed to simply be “New Zealanders” (or similar to it) and 1 percent claimed to be another ethnicity. [228] [n 4] This contradicts data of 1961, when the census reported that the New Zealand population at the time was 92 per cent of European descent, and 7 per cent Māori, with Asian, and Pacific minorities of 1 per cent. [230]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

While the demonym for New Zealanders in English is New Zealander, and the colloquial term “Kiwi” is commonly used by the international community [231] and locals. [232]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

A loanword from the Māori language, Pākehā usually refers to New Zealanders of European descent, although some reject this designation, [233] [234] and some Māori use it to refer to all New Zealand citizens who are not from among Polynesians. [235]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The Māori were the first nation to reach New Zealand, followed by early European arrivals.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The subsequent colonization, was dominated by arrivals from Britain, Ireland, and Australia due to strict policies similar to those of the White Australia Policy. [236]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

There were also significant immigrants from the Netherlands, from Dalmatia, [237] immigration from Italy, and Germany together with non-direct immigration from Europe through Australia, North America, South America, and South Africa. [238]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

After the Great Depression policies were loosened, and migrant diversity grew more and more.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In 2009—2010, an annual target of approvals of 45,000—50,000 permanent residents had been determined by the New Zealand Immigration Agency—more than one new migrant for every 100 New Zealand residents. [239] 23 percent of New Zealand's population was born across the ocean, the majority of which settled in the Auckland area. [240]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Meanwhile, most still coming from the United Kingdom, and Ireland (29 percent), immigration from East Asia (mostly Mainland China, but with substantial numbers also from Korea, Taiwan, Japan, and Hong Kong) is also growing rapidly. [241]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The number of self-charged international students rose sharply by the end of the 1990s decade, with more than 20,000 people studying in public higher education institutions in 2002. [242]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

English is the most widely spoken language in New Zealand, spoken by 98 percent of the population. [243]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand English is similar to Australian English, and there are many speakers from the northern hemisphere of the Earth who are unable to pronounce this accent. [244].


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The most noticeable difference between New Zealand dialect English, and other dialect English is the shift in short front vowels: the short i sound (as in the kit) becomes somewhat suffused close to the schwa (pepet) sound (e.g. a on comma and about); the short e sound ( as in dress) move towards the short i sound; and the short a sound (as in trap) shifts towards the short e. [245]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Thus, the typical New Zealand pronunciation for the words bad, dead, fish, and chips sounds like bed, did, fush, and chups to people not from New Zealand.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

After World War II, Māori people tried to be hindered by using their own language (te reo Māori) in schools, and workplaces, and Maori was only used as a community language in some remote areas. [246]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The Maori language has recently begun to be re-empowered, [247] [248] was declared one of the official languages of New Zealand in 1987, [249] and was interrupted by 4.1 percent of the population. [243]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

There is now a Māori language deepening school, and two Maori-language television channels, two, and only two national television channels whose main broadcast hours are presented in the Māori language. [250]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Many places are officially named double, Maori names, and English names in recent years.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Samoan is one of the most popular spoken languages in New Zealand (2.3 percent), [n 5] followed by French, Hindi, Yee language, and Northern Chinese. [243] [251] [n 6] New Zealand Sign Language is spoken by nearly 28,000 people, and was made as the second official language in Zealand Only in 2006. [252]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Education and religion Primary, and secondary education are compulsory for children aged 6 to 16, most beginning at the age of 5. [253]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

This compulsory education takes as long as 13 years, and study in state schools is free.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand has a literacy rate of 99 percent, [124] and more than half of the population aged 15 to 29 undergo higher education. [253] [n 7] There are five types of government-owned higher education institutions: universities, education colleges, polytechnics, specialist colleges, and wānanga, [254] in addition to private training institutes. [255]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In the adult population; 14.2 percent held a bachelor's degree or higher; 30.4 percent were secondary qualified (secondary education equivalent); and 22.4 percent were not formally qualified. [256]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The OECD's International Student Assessment Programme places New Zealand's education system at the 7th best in the world, where students have excellent reading, mathematics and science skills. [257]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Christianity is the majority religion in New Zealand, although its society is among the most secular in the world. [258]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

According to the 2006 Census, 55.6 percent of the population professed to be Christians, while another 34.7 percent professed to be religious (an increase from 29.6 percent in 2001) and roughly 4 percent adhered to other faiths. [259] [n 8] The largest Christian denomination existing in New Zealand is Anglican, Roman Catholicism, Presbyterian, and Methodism.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

There are also significant numbers of Christian adherents claiming to be followers of Pentecostal, Baptist, and Mormon streams; as well as the New Zealand-based Ratana church which many Māori people follow.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

According to the census overview, other significant minority religions are Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam. [251] [260] The culture of the ancient Māori peoples adapted the tropica-based culture of eastern Polynesia, in line with the challenges inherent with a wider, and more diverse environment variety, which actually directly or indirectly also develops its own different culture.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Social organization is communal with families (whanau), sub-tribes (hapū), and tribes (iwi) governed by a chief (rangatira) whose position requires community approval. [261]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

British, and Irish immigrants brought aspects of their culture to New Zealand, and also influenced Māori culture, [262] [263] particularly with the introduction of Christianity. [264]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In any case, Māori still regard their adherence to tribal groups as an important part of their identity, and Māori kinship is similar to what prevails in other Polynesian societies. [265]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

More recently, the cultures of the United States, Australia, Asia, and other European cultures have influenced New Zealand culture.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Polynesian cultures that are not Māori are also seen, with the holding of the Pasifika Festival, the largest Polynesian festival in the world, and now an annual event in Auckland.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The vast rural life in early New Zealand has shaped the image of rugged New Zealanders, very persistent problem solvers. [266]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Polity is expected, and empowered through “high opium syndrome”, where high-income parties receive scathing criticism. [267]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In those days New Zealand was not known as a country of intellect. [268]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

From the beginning of the 20th century until the end of the decade of the 1960s Māori culture was suppressed by attempts at assimilation of Māori into New Zealanders of British descent. [246]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In the decade of the 1960s, when higher education, and urban areas expanded [269] urban culture began to dominate. [270]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Although most of the population is now settled in cities, much of New Zealand's art, literature, film, and countryside theme.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The Maori Para Māori culture is the indigenous Polynesian people of New Zealand (Aotearoa).


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

They probably arrived in south-western Polynesia in several waves at some time before 1300, although dates up to 2000 years ago still attract support.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The Māori settled the island, and developed a distinct culture.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Maori oral history tells of a long journey from Hawaiki (a mythical homeland in tropical Polynesia) in a large sea-akan canoe (waka) .Māori mythology is a distinctive corpus of gods, and heroes, sharing several Polynesian motifs.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Some notable figures were Rangi, and Papa, Maui, and Kupe.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Central to many cultural events are marae, where families, and tribes gather for special occasions, such as pōwhiri or Tangi .Māori often call themselves "tāngata whenua “(people of the land), placing particular importance on a lifestyle connected to land, and sea. communal living, sharing, and living off those lands, strong traditional values.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Different values, histories, and worldviews of Maori are presented through traditional arts, and skills such as HAKA, ta moko, waiata, engraving, weaving, and poi.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The concept of tapu (meaning taboo or sacred) is also a powerful force in Māori culture, applied to objects, people, or even mountains.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Europeans migrated to New Zealand in increasing numbers from the late 18th century, and their weapons technology, and disease introduced Māori stable society.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

After 1840, and the Treaty of Waitangi, Māori lost much of their land, and mana (prestige, and authority), entered a period of, and numerical cultural decline.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

However their population began to increase again from the late 19th century, anda cultural revival began in the 1960s, sometimes known as the Maori Renaissance.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The culture of the cultural Pakeha Pākehā people (usually synonymous with European New Zealanders) is primarily derived from British settlers who colonized New Zealand in the nineteenth century.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Although recognisably with regard to British culture, it has always had unmistakable differences, and this has increased time it has been going on.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Things that differentiate Pākehā culture from British culture include higher levels of egalitarianism, anti-intellectualism, and the idea that most people can do the most things if they put their minds to it.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In Pākehā culture is a sub-culture derived from Irish, Italian, and other European groups, as well as non-various ethnic subcultures.It has been stated that Pākehā does not actually have a culture, or if they do not constitute a distinct one.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Part of the problem is that high culture is often mistaken for culture in general, and the lack of historical recognition given to New Zealand writer-artists, and composers is seen as evidence of a lack of culture.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In contrast, the Pākehā of its popumum culture is highly visible, and often appreciated.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

It is observed in the common belief that kiwiana, a 1950-style category of kitsch artifacts, is the defining cultural touchstone.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Others argue the belief that in the 'absence' of culture in NZ is a symptom of white privilege, allowing members of the dominant group to see their culture as' normal 'or' default ', rather than as a particular position of relative advantage.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

One of the goals of the anti-racist group Pākehā of the 1980s was to allow the Pākehā to see their own culture as such, rather than thinking what they were doing was normal, and what others were doing was' ethnic 'and queer.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Art As part of the revival of Māori culture, weaving, and traditional handicrafts are now practised more widely, and Māori artists are becoming more and more influential. [271]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Most Māori engravings feature images of humans, generally with three fingers, and appear natural, fantastic head details, or heads. [272]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Surface patterns including pilinan, ridge, bang, and fish scales decorate most of the carvings. [273]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The flagship architecture of Māori contains carved meeting buildings (wharenui), decorated with carvings, and symbolic illustrations.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

These buildings were originally designed to be rebuilt, altered, and adapted for different purposes. [274]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Māori decorated the wood of white buildings, canoes, and headstones using red paint (a mixture of red ochre, and shark fat) and black (made of soot) and made paintings of birds, reptiles, and other designs on cave walls. [275]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The Māori Rajah-rajah (moko) loads coloured soot mixed with sap, scraped on the flesh using a chisel made of bone. [276]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Since Europeans, paintings, and photographs became dominated by natural scenery, the original was not a work of art, but a picture of real New Zealand. [277]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Māori photographs were also prevalent, where early painters often described them as “noble savage” (respectable savages), exotic beauties, or friendly natives. [277]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The remoteness of the country has slowed down the influence of European artistry trends, and allowed local artists to develop their own distinct styles of regionalism. [278]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In the decades of the 1960s, and 1970s there were many artists who blended Māori, and Western techniques, to create unique art forms. [279]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand arts and crafts have gradually received international attention, for example through exhibitions at the Biennale di Venezia in 2001, and the “Paradise Now” exhibition in New York in 2004. [271] [280] Māori robes are made of pure linen fibers, and are patterned with triangles, diamonds, and other forms of geometry in black, red, and white. [281]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The green stone is used as an earring, and a necklace, with the most famous design is the hei-tiki, a picture of a man turned around, is sitting cross-legged with his head tilted to the side. [282]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Europeans brought British fashion etiquette to New Zealand, and until the decade of the 1950s most people dressed up for social occasions. [283]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The standards have since become more relaxed, and New Zealand fashion style has received a reputation for its simplicity, practicality, and efficacy. [284] [285] In any case, the local fashion industry has grown significantly since 2000, doubling exports, and increasing from a handful alone became roughly 50 established brands, of which several brands gained international recognition. [285]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Māori literature quickly adopted writing as a tool for sharing thoughts, and many of its stories, and written poems were converted to writing. [286]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Much of classical English literature was acquired from Britain, and it never happened so until the decade of the 1950s when local publishing shops grew in number, thus New Zealand literature began to become more widely known to the public. [287]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Although still heavily influenced by global trends (modernism) and global events (the Great Depression), writers in the 1930s decade began to develop stories that focused increasingly on their experiences in New Zealand.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In this period literature changed from a journalistic activity to a more academic quest. [288]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Participation in the world wars has given some New Zealand writers a new perspective on New Zealand culture, and with the development of postwar universities local literature has grown. [289]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Entertainment Music in New Zealand is influenced by blues, jazz, country, rock and roll, and hip-hop; many of these genres provide a distinctive New Zealand interpretation. [290]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Māori developed songs, and traditional chants from their ancestors who came from Southeast Asia, and after being remote for centuries there were “monotonous”, “somber”, and “unique” sounds. [291]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Flutes and trumpets are used as musical instruments [292] or as gesturing tools when wars or special events take place. [293]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Early residents brought their ethnic music, where choirs and musical groups playing musical instruments made of brass became social, and musicians began performing New Zealand cruising performances in the 1860s. [294] [295] Musical groups using tambur, and instrument Inflatable music became more widespread in the late 20th century. [296]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The recording industry in New Zealand began to develop in 1940, and there were many New Zealand musicians who achieved success in Britain, and the United States. [290]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Several artists produced Māori-language songs, and Māori tradition-based songs, kapa haka (songs, and dances) were resurrected. [297]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The New Zealand Music Award is organised annually by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ); the first award/awards event was hosted in 1965 by Reckitt & Colman headlining the Loxene Golden Disc Awards. [298]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

RIANZ also publishes the country's weekly official music charts. [299]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The first radio was present in New Zealand in 1922, while television in 1960. [300]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The number of New Zealand films significantly increased in the 1970s decade. [301] In 1978 the New Zealand Film Commission began assisting local filmmakers, and many films managed to capture the world's attention, some of which received international acclaim.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The easing of regulations in the decade of the 1980s has succeeded in raising the number of radio, and television stations. [301]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Television New Zealand mainly aired events from Britain, and America, together with a number of shows from Australia, and also local products.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The diversity of natural scenery, and its compact size, plus government incentives, [302] has encouraged some producers to make big-cost films in New Zealand. [303]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The media industry in New Zealand is dominated by a small number of companies, most of which are foreign-owned, although the state still controls ownership of some television, and radio stations.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Between 2003 to 2008, Reporters Without Borders consistently placed New Zealand's press freedom in the top 20. [304]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

In 2011, New Zealand ranked 13th in the world in terms of Freedom House version of press freedom, with the second freest media in Asia-Pacific after Palau. [305]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Sports Most of the major sporting codes in New Zealand come from England. [306]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Golf, netball, tennis, and cricket are the four most popular sports in New Zealand, football is the most popular among young people, and rugby union is the most watched. [307]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Rugby football's triumphant visit to Australia, and Great Britain in the late 1880s and early decades of the 1900s played an early war in instilling national identity, [308] although the sport's influence has regressed since then. [309]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Horse racing was also once a spectacle sport, and became part of “Rugby, Racing, and Beer” culture in the 1960s decade. [310] Māori participation in European sports especially can be witnessed in rugby, and the country's teams feature haka (traditional challenge sport). Māori) prior to international matches. [311]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand has competitive international teams in rugby union, netball, cricket, rubgi leagues, and sofbol, and has traditionally performed well in terms of triathlons, rowing, yacht races, and cycling.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

The country has a good medal-compared-population ratio at the Olympic Games and Commonwealth Sports Parties. [307] [312] The New Zealand national rugby union team is often seen as the best in the world, and controls the Rugby Union World Cup. New Zealand also fielded the rugby league world champions.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand is known through extreme sports, adventure tourism, [313] and great mountain rides tradition. [314]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Other outdoor activities are cycling, fishing, swimming, running, traversing, canoeing, hunting, snow-sports, and surfing are also merakyat. [315]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Polynesian sports, waka ama, canoe racing, has been increasingly engaged, and is now an international sport that involves teams from all Pacific countries. [316]


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Public holidays in New Zealand are: [317] See also List of sovereign countries List of figures of New Zealand List of cities in New Zealand List of islands in New Zealand Footnote Quote Reference Advanced library Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) ( help) Statistics New Zealand.


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

New Zealand Official Yearbook (annual).


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

ISBN 1-86953-776-9 (2010).


Question: What are the types of Maori language?

New Zealand

Outside Government links — including information on flags, national anthem, and country emblems Other Tourism at Curlie from BBC News OECD, directory from UCB Libraries GovPubs at Encyclopædia Britannica of the International Futures Wikimedia Atlas of New Zealand Coordinates: Category:Constitutional Monarchy Category:Islands countries Category:Countries in Oceania Category:Polynesia


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

A hard disc or hard disk (["hard drive” or “hard drive” (abbreviated as HD) or “hard drive” (abbreviated as HDD)] error: {{lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)) is a hardware component that stores secondary data and contains a magnetic disk.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The hard disc was created first by IBM engineer, Reynold Johnson in 1956.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The first such hard disc consisted of 50 discs measuring 2 feet (0.6 meters) with its rotation speed reaching 1,200 rpm (rotation per minute) with a storage capacity of 4.4 MB.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Today's hard disks exist that are only 0.6cm wide with a capacity of 750 GB.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The largest capacity of hard disks currently reaches 14 TB with a standard size of 3.5 inches [1].


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Data stored in hard disks will not be lost when not mains voltage, namely: “uncorked storage" [2] or “steady” (English: nonvolatile).


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

In a hard disk, there is usually more than one disc to enlarge the capacity of the data that can be accommodated.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

In its development, the hard disc is now physically becoming thinner and smaller but has a huge data capacity.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The hard disc can now also not only be installed inside the device (internal) but can also be installed outside the device (external) using a USB or FireWire cable.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Due to its fragile and non-shock resistant nature, hard disks can be categorized as chapped goods.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

History Hard discs were invented in 1956 as data storage media for IBM transaction processing devices and were made for general use on mainframe computers as well as minicomputer.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The IBM 350 RAMAC was the first hard disc to have a size as large as 2 times the refrigerator and capable of storing 5 million 6-bit characters (or equal to 3.75 million 8-bit bytes) in 50 stacked discs.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

In 1961 IBM introduced model 1311 hard discs which were as large as washing machines and stored 2 million characters on a package of easily unloading discs.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Users can purchase additional packages and replace them if needed as with magnetic tape.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Package discs easy unloading later models became a must in most computer installations and reached a capacity of 300 megabytes by the beginning of the 1980s.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Some high-performance hard discs such as the IBM 2305 are built with one reader-write (read and write head) in each flow to reduce time loss from reader movement.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Fixed reader-write systems or write-readers of each flow are very expensive and are not produced anymore.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

In 1973, IBM introduced a new type of hard disc with the code “Winchester”.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The main difference of this type, the reader-write is not completely silent in the arrangement of the plate when the hard disc dies.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The write-reader is placed in a special place on the surface of the disc when it does not rotate and returns to the working position when the hard disc is turned on again.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

This appreciably reduced the production cost of reader-write mechanical arm-drive (actuator) motors, but limited the replacement of discs as in the disc packages of previous models.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

In fact, the first model of this Winchester-tech disc has the facility of easy unloading disc modules, including a disc package and reader-write assembly, leaving the drive motor in the disc during removal.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

At a later date Winchester discs were not used anymore and returned to a disc plate system that was not easy to disassemble.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Like the first easy unloading disc package, the first type Winchester discs used a 14" or 360mm diameter disc plate.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Then, designers try to reduce the size of the plate to increase the advantage.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Fixed discs are made using an 8" plate so hard discs can be 5 1/4" or 130mm in size and can be mounted on a floppy reader holder.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The latter was aimed at the personal computer (PC) market Early in the 1980s, hard discs included rare items and were considered very expensive enhancements to personal computers.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

But by the late 1980s, the price could be suppressed so that it could become a standard fixture on cheap prized personal computers.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The beginning of the 1980s most hard discs worn end-user personal computers as outside devices for subsystem enhancements.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

These subsystems are not sold on behalf of disc factories but rather on behalf of subsystem manufacturers such as Corvus System or Tallgrass Technologies.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

It can also be on behalf of a personal computer manufacturer such as Apple ProFILE.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The IBM PC/XT in 1983 already included 10MB internal hard discs and shortly thereafter internal hard discs developed on personal computers The outer hard discs remained popular for longer on the Apple Macintosh.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Every Mac made from 1986 to 1998 had a SCSI port on the back for easier addition of outer discs.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The problem is that Compact Macs are not as likely to be installed on hard disc mounts as in Mac Plus cases or hard disc mounts generally.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Hence on those models, additional external use SCSI hard discs become a reasonable choice.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Following the density of storage media that has doubled every 2 to 4 years since its inception was invented, hard discs continue to evolve their characteristics, with few key points as follows: Capacity per disc increases from 3.75 MB to 4 TB or more, increasing by millions of times folding.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The physical size of hard discs was reduced from 1.9 m3 (equivalent to two pieces of refrigerator) to less than 20mm Weight reduced from 920kg to 48 grams.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Price reduced from USD 15,000 per MB to less than USD 0.00006 per MB Average access time was reduced from 100 milliseconds to 40 times faster.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Market applications expanded from mainframe computers at the end of 1950 to various data storage applications including entertainment content.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Technology A hard disc stores data by agnetting a thin membrane of “ferromagnetic” material on the dish.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The sequence of changes in the direction of agneting will represent the binary data bit.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Data reading from the dish by detecting changes in agnetting.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

User data is encoded using an encoding scheme that determines how data is redisplayed based on changes in magnetic field.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Generally hard discs consist of a shaft (spindle) that keeps the rotation of the platter on which data is stored.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The dish is made of non-magnetic material, usually aluminum alloy, glass or ceramic coated with a thin layer of 10-20 nanometers thick magnetic material which is then coated with carbon as an outermost shield.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

For comparison, the thickness of a standard sheet of paper is 0.07 - 0.18 millimeters.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Discs on modern hard discs rotate variously ranging from 4,200 ppm on energy-efficient lightweight devices to 15,000 ppm for high-performance servers.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The first generation hard discs rotate at a speed of 1,200 ppm.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The next generation uses a speed of 3,600 ppm and in general currently works at 5,400 - 7,200 ppm.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Information is read and written on a rotating disc through a reader-write tool (disk read and write head) that works very closely (about 10 nanometers) above the surface of the magnetic disk.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

These write-readers are used to detect and change the complexity of the media underneath.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

On modern discs there is one reader-write attached to a reinforced sleeve for each surface of the dish.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

A reinforced arm moves an arc-like write-reader across a rotating disc, allowing each write-reader to access almost the entire surface of the disc.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

This arm is movable using a motoran drive arm roll system.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Older model hard discs transcribe data on a fixed basis in bits per second, so that each groove has the same data size.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Recent models (dating back to the 1990s) use a bit area recording system that can increase the speed of writing from the innermost area dish to the outermost area.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Thus the data stored in the outermost area will be more.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

In modern discs, the smallness of the size of the magnetic field endangers the area of its magnificence from possible loss due to the effects of heat (superparamagnetism).


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

To combat this, the dish is coated with two magnetically aligned layers, separated by 3 atoms using the non-magnetic material ruthenium and two magnetized layers whose opposite directions reinforce each other.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Another technology was used to overcome the effects of heat allowing high-density recording was made first in 2005 and by 2007 the technology was already widely worn on hard discs.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Components Generally hard discs have two electric motors.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

One disc player shaft motoran and one sleeve drive motoran for the reader-write mounted across the rotating disc.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Motoran discs have a rotor attached to the disc with the coils attached to a fixed place.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Opposite the drive motor of the arm at the end of the arm there is a reader-writing device.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

A printed cable circuit connects the reader-write with an electronic amplifier attached to the shaft of the sleeve drive motor.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

This reader-write buffer is very light yet strong.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

On modern discs, acceleration in reader-write reaches 550 Gravitational Force (G-Force).


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The arm drive motor is a permanent magnet and the coils move to swing the write-reader to the desired position.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

A metal plate supports a strong-fielded NIB (neodymium iron boron) magnet.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Under this plate there is a moving roll which is often referred to as a sound roll (voice coil equated to a roll on a loudspeaker) attached to the axle of the drive arm motor and underneath there is a second NIB magnet mounted under the motoran plate.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

However there are also some hard discs that have only one magnet.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The sound roll itself is almost like an arrow head in shape and is made of double copper-coated magnetic wire.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The inner layer is a baffle while the outer layer is a heat-resistant plastic (thermoplastic) attached to the roll attached to the base independently.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The part of the roll along the two sides of the arrow head (which leads to the bearing center of the arm drive motor) affects the magnetic field forming a tangential force that moves the arm drive motor.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The flow of outflow flinching along the side of the arrow head and the radius of entry on another result of the magnetic field.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

If the magnetic field is uniform, each side will produce an interverse force that will cancel each other's output.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Therefore, the magnetic surface is partially walked north (N Pole) and some south (S Pole), with a radius that divides the path at the center, causing the two sides of the roll to appear separate magnetic fields and produce a force that increases instead of cancels.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The current along the top and bottom of the spokes rolls generates a force that does not rotate the reader-write.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The hard disc electronic control regulates the movement of the arm drive motor and the rotation of the disc, also do the reading and writing according to the request of the disc control (disk controller).


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Feedback from the electronic part of the disc is obtained by deciphering a special part of the disc for submission to the feedback steward.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

It represents either a perfect loop (in the case of dedicated servo technology/dedicated servo technology) or a part interspersed with actual data (in the case of embedded servo technology/embedded servo technology).


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The feedback waiter optimizes the signal to bully ratio from the GMR sensor by adjusting the sound roll on the drive arm.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Round the dish also uses a servant motor.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Modern disk enterprise (firmware) devices are able to efficiently schedule readings and writes on the surface of the dish and remap sectors that have suffered failures.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Modern hard disc Error Handling is widely made using advanced error correction (forward error correction), specifically Reed-Solomon error correction.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

This technique stores additional bits specified using mathematical formulas for each of the data blocks.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The extra bits allow many errors to be corrected invisibly.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

The extra bits themselves take up space on hard discs but allow higher recording densities to be done without causing uncorrectable errors in many large-capacity storage media.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

In the latest hard discs output after 2009, the low-density balance check code or LDPC (low-density parity-check code) replaced the Reed-Solomon.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

LDPC enables hard disc performance to approach the Shannon Limit and provides the highest density storage media Generally hard discs attempt to remap data within a physical sector from failure to provide the expected physical sector, while faults within the defective sector not too much yet and the ECC can recover without anything missing.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

“S.M.A.R.T."s self-surveillance, analyzer and reporting technology will calculate the number of errors in hard discs by ECC and the overall number of re-mapping.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Thus the multiplicity of error cases can be used to estimate hard disc failure (HDD failure).


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Future Development The density of hard disc acreage indicated by the long-term annual growth rate is actually no different from Moore's Law, the latest development is in the range of 20-25% per year, at 3.5" discs expected to reach 12 TB in 2016.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

New magnetic storage technologies are built to support higher density areal growth and improve the competitiveness of hard discs against other storage devices such as lightning memory-based SSDs (Solid-state drives).


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

These new hard disc technologies include: Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR/Heat-assisted magnetic recording) Patterned bit recording (BPR/Bit-patterned recording) Perpendicular to plane current (CPP/Current perpendicular to plane) or Large-crewed Magnet (GMR/Giant magneto resistance ) Shingled write (shingled write) With this new technology the relative position between hard discs and SSDs taking into account price and performance will not change until 2016 Performance size Access time (access time) Things limiting access times are usually related to turnaround disc and disc reader movement.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Data search time (seek time) Data search time is a measure of the length of the dish reader to move to the part of the dish containing the data.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Faster search times require more energy to drive the disc reader.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Data transfer rate (data transfer rate) The data transfer rate on hard discs depends on the rotation speed of the dish and the density of the data storage.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

In addition, the location of data in the dish also determines the speed; the more outward it is located, the faster because there are more data sectors.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Reference See also Floppy disk (floppy disk) Solid disc (compact disc) Solid state drive (SSD) USB Remove Disc (pendrive) PRML (partial-response maximum-likelihood) Filesystem (file system) Magnetism Outlink Transclusion error: {{En}} is for only use in File namespace.


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

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Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

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Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

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Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

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Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

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Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

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Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

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Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

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Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs


Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

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Question: What is a magnetic disc?

Hard discs

Category:Computer data storage media


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku was the sixth king of the Medang Kingdom of Central Java period (or commonly called the Ancient Mataram Kingdom) who ruled around the 840s — 856.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

The Original Name and Title of Rakai Pikatan are contained in the list of kings version of the Mantyasih inscription.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

His original name according to the Argapura inscription was Mpu Manuku.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

In the Munduan inscription of 807 it is known that Mpu Manuku served as Rakai Patapan.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Later on the Kayumwungan inscription of 824 the post of Rakai Patapan was held by Mpu Palar.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Maybe at that time Mpu Manuku has moved his position to Rakai Pikatan.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

However, in the inscription of Water Bones year 850 Mpu Manuku again held the title of Rakai Patapan.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Whereas according to the Gondosuli inscription, Mpu Palar had died before 832.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

May the Patapan area again become the responsibility of Mpu Manuku, although by then he was already a maharaja.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

This tradition is true in the history of Medang Kingdom where a king lists his old title as head of the region, for example Maharaja Rakai Watukura Dyah Balitung.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

According to Wantil inscription, Mpu Manuku built a new capital city in Mamrati village so that he was dubbed as Rakai Mamrati.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

The new palace was named Mamratipura, as a replacement for the old capital, which was Mataram.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

The Wantil inscription also mentions that Rakai Mamrati abdicated the throne and became a brahmin under the title of Sang Jatiningrat in 856.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Marriage with Pramodawardhani The Wantil Inscription also alludes to the marriage of Sang Jatiningrat alias Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku with a daughter of another religion.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Historians agree that the daughter was Pramodawardhani of Wangsa Sailendra who was Mahayana Buddhist, while Mpu Manuku himself embraced Shiva Hinduism.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Pramodawardhani was a daughter of Samaratungga whose name is recorded in the Kayumwungan inscription of 824.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

At that time who served as Rakai Patapan was Mpu Palar, while the name Mpu Manuku was not called at all.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Perhaps at that time Pramodawardhani was not yet Mpu Manuku's wife.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Historian De Casparis considers Rakai Patapan Mpu Palar the same as Maharaja Rakai Garung and was the father of Mpu Manuku.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Both were members of Wangsa Sanjaya who managed to establish a marital relationship with Wangsa Sailendra.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

This theory was rejected by Slamet Muljana because according to the Gondosuli inscription, Mpu Palar was an incomer from the island of Sumatra and all his children were girls.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

After all, Mpu Manuku has served first as Rakai Patapan before Mpu Palar.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

The likelihood that Mpu Manuku constituted the son of Mpu Palar is very small.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Meanwhile, Mpu Manuku had already served as Rakai Patapan in 807, whereas Pramodawardhani was still a maiden in 824.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

This indicates that the age difference between them is quite far.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Probably, Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku aged with his in-laws, namely Samaratungga.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Pramodawardhani is not the only wife of Rakai Pikatan.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Based on Telahap inscription known Rakai Pikatan's other wife named Rakai Watan Mpu Tamer.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

May that time the title of mpu has not been synonymous with the men.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

This concubine named Rakai Watan Mpu Tamer was the grandmother of Dyah Balitung's wife, the king who issued the inscription Mantyasih (907).


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

The War Against Balaputradewa Balaputradewa son of Samaragrawira was the king of the Kingdom of Sriwijaya.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

A popular theory pioneered by Krom historians mentions that, Samaragrawira is identical to Samaratungga so automatically, Balaputradewa was the brother of Pramodawardhani.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

In the inscription Wantil mentioned that Sang Jatiningrat alias Rakai Pikatan fought against the enemy who built a defense in the form of a stone pile on the hill.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

The enemy was defeated by Dyah Lokapala son of Jatiningrat.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

In the inscription there is the term Walaputra, which is interpreted as Balaputradewa.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

As a result, the theory arose that there had been a civil war for the throne as the anniversary of Samaratungga which ended in the defeat of Balaputradewa.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Slamet Muljana rejects the notion that Samaragrawira is identical to Samaratungga because according to the Kayumwungan inscription, Samaratungga only had a child named Pramodawardhani.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

According to him, Samaragrawira is more properly referred to as the father of Samaratungga.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Thus, Balaputradewa was the uncle of Pramodawardhani.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Popular theory considers Balaputradewa built the fort from rock hoards on top of Queen Baka hill in a war against Rakai Pikatan and Pramodawardhani.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

However, according to historian Buchari, on the hill of Ratu Baka was not found inscriptions in the name of Balaputradewa, but in the name of Rakai Walaing Mpu Kumbhayoni.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

It was probably this figure who rebelled against the rule of Rakai Pikatan because he also claimed to be the original descendant of the founder of the kingdom, namely Sanjaya.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Meanwhile the term Walaputra in the Wantil inscription means “youngest son”.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

So, this term is not another name of Balaputradewa, but rather a nickname for Dyah Lokapala, which is the hero who managed to defeat Rakai Walaing, his father's enemy.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Thus, the popular theory that there has been a civil war between Rakai Pikatan against his brother-in-law, namely Balaputradewa may be mistaken.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

May Balaputradewa leave the island of Java not because he lost the war, but because from the beginning he did not have the right to the throne of the Kingdom of Medang, considering that he was not Samaratungga's son but his younger brother.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Wangsa Sailendra under the leadership of Dharanindra managed to conquer the Kingdom of Sriwijaya, even to Cambodia.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

As soon as Dharanindra, his power was inherited by Samaragrawira.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Perhaps he was not as powerful as his father because according to the Po Ngar inscription, Cambodia succeeded in independence from Javanese colonization in 802.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

On this basis, as soon as Samaragrawira may be the power of Wangsa Sailendra was divided into two, with the aim that his oversight could be easier.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Power over the island of Java was given to Samaratungga, while power over the island of Sumatra was given to Balaputradewa.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Establishment of Prambanan Temple Wantil Inscription is also called Siwagrha Inscription issued on 12 November 856.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

This inscription besides mentioning the erection of the palace of Mamratipura, also mentions about the erection of the sacred building of Siwagrha, which translates as Shiva Temple.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Based on the characteristics described in the inscription, Shiva Temple is identical to one of the main temples in the Prambanan Temple complex.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Thus, the main building in the complex was built by Rakai Pikatan, while other smaller temples were probably built during the later kings.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Late Reign of Wantil Inscription also mentions that Rakai Pikatan alias Rakai Mamrati abdicated the throne to become a brahmin held Sang Jatiningrat in 856.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

The throne of Medang Kingdom was then held by his youngest son, namely Dyah Lokapala aka Rakai Kayuwangi.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

The appointment of the youngest son as maharaja would be based on the merit of defeating Rakai Walaing Mpu Kumbhayoni the rebel.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

This caused discontent because later appeared the Munggu Antan inscription in the name of Maharaja Rakai Gurunwangi.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

This name is not contained in the king list of Mantyasih inscriptions, so it can be estimated that by the end of Rakai Kayuwangi's reign there had been a royal schism.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

The names Rakai Gurunwangi Dyah Saladu and Dyah Ranu are found in Plaosan inscriptions after Rakai Pikatan.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Maybe they are the children of Rakai Pikatan.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Or it is also possible that the relationship between Dyah Ranu and Dyah Saladu is husband and wife.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

By 807 Mpu Manuku was already an official, namely as Rakai Patapan.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

He abdicated the throne becoming a brahmin in 856.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Maybe by then he was over 70 years old.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

After he died, Sang Jatiningrat was buried or didharmakan in Pastika village.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Library of Marwati Poesponegoro & Nugroho Notosusanto. 1990.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

National History of Indonesia Volume II.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Jakarta: Balai Pustaka Slamet Muljana. 2006.


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Sriwijaya (reissue 1960).


Question: Who is Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Mpu Manuku's wife?

Rakai Pikatan

Yogyakarta: LKIS Category:Wangsa Sanjaya Category:Kingdom of Medang Category:Javanese Figures


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

A Story of Heroes is a famous manhwa by Choi Mir, the genre of this manhwa is classic silat but peppered with humor and silliness.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

First published in Korea by Daiwon C.I. Inc., in 2003.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

In Indonesia it has been published by Elex Media Komputindo since 2008 until ending in the 37th series on medio August 2011.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

The synopsis of this Mindset manhwa rests on an accomplished thieving silly teenager named Yushin who has a strange seal on his back.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

The young man with the ability to wind martial arts because his energy sometimes appears sometimes this does not expect that he is the son of the most violent martial leader of the time, Dumyo, the chairman of the Kwimun party as well as the one who most wanted his death.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

At the help of the ascetic Techun who taught Yushin how to control his wild exertions, Yushin seeks to prevent the ambitions of his father who wants to control the entire martial world by means of obliterating his entire figures.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Volume 01 The story opens with the appearance of the swordsman under siege by the elite forces of the Mahyol party who wanted to avenge the death of its chairman Song Rinsu, but in vain because the swordsman finished them in just one death attack.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Mudang Party prepared with the appearance of Domyong robbers who love to steal college heirlooms, but still managed to be penetrated by the two disciples who became the famous robber who were eyeing their heirloom swords.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

It turned out that their arrival had been waiting for dozens of trappers inside, with difficulty the two of them trying to escape the encirclement.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

It was during that escape that Yushin saw a beautiful girl who would never come out of her heart again.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

The mystery swordsman woke up the party chairman Mosan Jang Daewon and challenged him after previously finishing off all the party members.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Yushin and his teacher take hostage a helper who he thinks has sold their info so that their action fails, but the helper tells him that there has been a swordsman from Koryo who wears moves from the book of Amun to finish off many colleges.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Like hearing the good news, the two immediately pulled out with flowers.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

The battle between the chairman of Mosan and the swordsman was exciting.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

And ended with the victory of the swordsman who turned out to be named Li Bek


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

The remaining members of Mosan who did not accept were also victimized.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Soryong, the daughter of the chairman of Mudang, goes with her 2nd brother to deliver a letter to the Gonryun stream, but because of her ineptitude she is tricked by Maseok's group who like to sell girls.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Yushin and his teacher who happened to pass by and were willing to help precisely because the kidnappers were made somersaults by Soryong, but Yushin's body lightening ability finally came in handy as well as the friends of the herd came and surrounded.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

But the disciples were forced to run away again when the Gonryun members who were escorting Soryong came and recognized them as Domyong's robbers.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Li Bek turned out to be eyeed by the Sami stream for having crushed his allied Mahyol party.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

The battle in a dining house was inevitable despite a standstill as a result of the arrival of the royal army.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Taking advantage of the situation, Yushin managed to pickpocket Li Bek's supplies but was disappointed not to find the Book of Amun in it.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Li Bek successfully killed his third target, the governor of Luo Yang Geum Dopyong.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

But Sami's flow resurrected him despite being re-finished by Li Bek in one deadly strike.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Volume 02 As a result of the killing of the governor, Li Bek's head was very expensive.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Many swordsmen wanted to get the reward, including the Pimu Sharp Hair.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Li Bek turned out to be carrying out the task given by Dumyo the party chairman Kwimun, but because it was not in order, he quarreled with the human kite messenger Dumyo.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Soon appeared the elite forces of the Huasan party led by Jung Jaeso who were ordered to eliminate him.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

But again easily he overcame it.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Yushin who peeked instead fell and caught Li Bek, but he was instead told to take good care of the necklace he picked yesterday.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Knowing the situation, Domyong offered a barter between Li Bek's game list with the Book of Amun, but Li Bek apparently did not understand what the Book of Amun was.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

The capital of Luo Yang was filled with swordsmen of various streams who would enter the martial arts contest delayed due to the killing of the governor.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Present there were Rhim Huasu the chairman of Huasan, Muchon the chairman of Shaolin, Sung Dongsu the chairman of Jangbaek, and Agami of Gebang (Kaypang).


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

The coming of Huasan's army defeated Li Bek and reported about appearing the return of the Book of Amun and Dumyo made an uproar.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Li Bek followed by Domyong and Yushin accidentally met Pimu in the tavern.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

But even disturbed the arrival of Hwayoma robbers in the leadership of Hukma who was blacking the village chief.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

But they were made messy by Pimu and Yushin.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Members who qualify report to their leadership.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Pimu challenged Li Bek to fight but did not respond.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

But Pimu's ridicule finally made Li Bek hot and put him through.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

The arrival of chairman Hwayoma mediated the fight.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

The exasperated Pimu fought with the chairman but collapsed as a result of poison fumes, to survive thanks to Yushin's stone cushion, at the critical moment the chairman was actually slashed by Li Bek.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

The Sowon Daegam freight delivery group was heading to Yangju escorting the goods belonging to the woman in the veil, but was blocked by robbers who were eyeing the goods.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Volume 03 The robber turned out to be Samma's group of Dumyo messengers, they managed to get the gold and hand it over to the center of the Kwimun party, while the head of the bodyguard and 2 mysterious passengers they set free.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

The gold turned out to be fake.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Li Bek, Pimu, and Yushin managed to override Hwayoma's group. Yushin intended to return his stolen necklace but was responded coldly by Li Bek.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Flashback, Li Bek and his superior general Li Seyong were being hunted down by the Koryo forces of general Jangkek.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

In the encirclement, the formidable general died after telling that he was proud of Li Bek's gallantry who turned out to be his own son.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Li Bek raged and tried not to let his besiegers take his father's body.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Dumyo who watched from afar was impressed by it and helped him by killing the general Jangkek with one hit.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

The condition of the help was that Li Bek's loyalty should be transferred to him.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Pimu parted ways with them and headed the other direction.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

While Li Bek coincidentally towards the same west as Yushin and Domyong.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

But on a bridge they were blocked by a stream of Sami led directly by its chief who turned out to be women and hounded them.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

By relying on poison smoke and gunpowder Li Bek successfully suppressed, but the pinched Domyong then took out the ability he had covered from Yushin and successfully urged the Sami chairman.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Volume 04 Angered at being urged, the Sami chief attempted to kill Yushin and Domyong with deadly attacks, Domyong was seriously injured and Yushin's identity as the last descendant of Kwimun was uncovered because the tattoo on his back was seen.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Li Bek then broke the bridge and knocked down the chairman Sami who turned out to be wearing only a borrowed body.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

The big swordsmen of various white streams gathered in anticipation of Li Bek's next plan.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Among those present were Jang Sugeun the swordsman from Jangbaek, Seon Miok biksuni of the Ami party, Do Sugo the Jeomchang party strategist, Go Myungsu of the Gongdong party, and Jung Gisu the party swordsman Siseong.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

But while in the tavern they instead clashed and were toyed by the chairman Gebang.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

Yushin himself together with Li Bek was trying to find the siseon grass from Mudang to heal his teacher.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

They both break into the same tavern when Go Myungsu manages to defeat the chairman Gebang.


Question: Is the first work of Choi Mir?

A Story of Heroes

The atmosphere became tense as all eyes were on the two of them.