Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Kota Bukittinggi (Minangkabau: Bukiktinggi; Jawi, بوكيق تيي) is the second largest economic city in the province of West Sumatra, Indonesia. [2]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The city was once the capital of Indonesia during the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia. [3]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

It was also once the capital of Sumatra Province and Central Sumatra Province. [4]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The city in Dutch colonial times was called Fort de Kock and got its nickname as Parijs van Sumatra.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Bukittinggi is known as the nation's struggle city and is the birthplace of several founding figures of the Republic of Indonesia, among them were Mohammad Hatta and Assama who were respectively proclamators and presidential officials of the Republic of Indonesia.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Bukittinggi City is located in the series of Bukit Barisan Mountains or about 90 km north of Padang City.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The town is on the edge of the Sianok Gorge and is surrounded by two mountains namely Mount Singgalang and Mount Marapi.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Its location at an altitude of 909—941 meters above sea level makes Bukittinggi a cool city with temperatures ranging from 16.1—24.9°C.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The de jure area of Bukittinggi is 145.29km², referring to Government Regulation number 84 of 1999. [5]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

But de facto today, Bukittinggi still covers an area of 25.24km² as part of the people of Agam Regency resist the expansion of the area.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The city of Bukittinggi is one of the largest wholesale trade centers on the island of Sumatra.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Its main trading centers are in the Ateh Market, the Bottom Market, and the Yellow Aur Market.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

From the economic sector, Bukittinggi is the second largest PDRB city in West Sumatra, after Padang City. [6]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

A tourist attraction that is crowded is Jam Gadang, which is a clock tower located in the heart of the city as well as a symbol for Bukittinggi.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The history of Bukittinggi City was originally a market (week) for the people of Agam Tuo.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Then after the arrival of the Dutch, the city became their defensive stronghold against the Padri. [7]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

In 1825, the Dutch established a fort on one of the hills contained within the town.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

It is known as Fort de Kock fort, as well as being the resting place of Dutch officers in its colonies.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

During the reign of the Dutch East Indies, the region always increased its role in the state which later developed into a stadsgemeente (city), [8] and also served as the capital of Afdeeling Padangsche Bovenlanden and Onderafdeeling Oud Agam. [9]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

During the Japanese occupation, Bukittinggi was used as the center of control of its military administration for the Sumatra region, even reaching Singapore and Thailand.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The town became the seat of the 25th military commander of Kempettai, under the leadership of Major General Hirano Toyoji. [10]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Later the town was renamed from Stadsgemeente Fort de Kock to Bukittinggi Si Yaku Sho whose area was expanded by including surrounding nagari-nagari such as Sianok Anam Tribe, Gadut, Kapau, Ampang Gadang, Batu Taba, and Bukit Batabuah.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Now the nagari-nagari is entered into the territory of Agam Regency.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

After Indonesian independence, Bukittinggi was designated as the capital of Sumatra Province, with its governorship Mr. Teuku Muhammad Hasan. [11]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Then Bukittinggi was also designated as a city administration area based on Sumatra Provincial Governor Decree Number 391 dated June 9, 1947.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

During the time of maintaining Indonesia's independence, Bukitinggi played a role as a city of struggle, when on 19 December 1948 it was designated as the capital of Indonesia after Yogyakarta fell into Dutch hands otherwise known as the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI).


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

At a later date, this event was designated as State Decree, based on the Decree of the President of the Republic of Indonesia dated December 18, 2006. [12] [13] Furthermore, the city of Bukittinggi became a major city based on Law No. 9 Year 1956 concerning the establishment of a large city autonomous area within Regional environment of Central Sumatra Province at that time, [14] covering the area of West Sumatra Province, Jambi, Riau, and the Riau Islands now.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

In order to expand the city area, in 1999 the government published Government Regulation Number 84 of 1999 which incorporates nagari-nagari around Bukittinggi into the city area.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The nagari are Cingkariang, Gaduik, Sianok Anam Tribe, Guguak Tabek Sarojo, Ampang Gadang, Ladang Laweh, Pahan Sinayan, Kubang Putiah, Pasia, Kapau, Batu Taba, and Koto Gadang. [15]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

However, some of the people of Agam Regency refuse to join Bukittinggi so that the regulation until now has not been implemented. [16]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The geography of Bukittinggi City is located in the series of Bukit Barisan which extends along the island of Sumatra, and is surrounded by two volcanoes, namely Mount Singgalang and Mount Marapi.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The city sits at an elevation of 909—941 meters above sea level, and has a cool air with temperatures ranging from 16.1—24.9°C.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Meanwhile, of the current total area of Bukittinggi City (25.24 km²), 82.8% has been reserved to cultivated land, while the rest is protected forest.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The city has a hilly and valleyed topography, some of these hills are scattered within the urban area, among them Bukit Ambacang, Bukit Tambun Bonus, Bukit Mandiangin, Bukit Campago, Bukit Kubangankabau, Bukit Pinang Nan Saprunang, Bukit Wikang, Bukit Paninjauan, and so on.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

In addition, there is a valley known as the Sianok Gorge with a depth varying between 75—110 m, at the base of which flows a river called Batang Masang.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

JMPL|Jalan Sudirman's beautiful section The development of the population of Bukittinggi is inseparable from the changing role of this city into a trading center in the Minangkabau highlands.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

This was marked by the building of a market by the Dutch East Indies government in 1890 under the name loods.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Local people spell it with loih, with the arched roof later known as Loih Galuang.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Currently Bukittingi is the most populous city in West Sumatra Province, with a density rate reaching 4,400 people/km².


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The number of labor force is 52,631 people and about 3,845 of them are unemployed. [18]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The city is dominated by ethnic Minangkabau, but there are also ethnic Chinese, Javanese, Tamil, and Batak.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Chinese society came along with the emergence of markets in Bukittinggi.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

They were allowed the Dutch East Indies government to build a store/stall on the foothills of Fort de Kock, located in the western part of the city, longitudes from south to north, and is currently known as Kampung Cino.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

While Indian traders were stationed at the northern foothills, circular from east to west and now called also Kampung Keling.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Government of the Mayor List of Mayor List of Mayor of Bukittinggi JMPL|Bukittinggi town hall Since 1918 the city of Bukittinggi has had the status of gemeente, [20] in 1930 the area of the city was expanded to 5.2 km². [21]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

During the Japanese occupation the area of the city was again expanded.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Later in the beginning of Indonesian independence there was an overlap of the boundaries of this city due to the unilateral determination of both the Dutch East Indies and Japan period.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Currently, the boundary of the city administration area is surrounded by Agam Regency, and the conflict between the two local governments about the boundary of the area still continues, [22] plus after the exit of Government Regulation No. 84 of 1999 concerning changes in the boundaries of Bukittinggi City and Regency Agam.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

From this government regulation (PP), the area of Bukittinggi City increased to 145,29.90 km², including some nagari that previously during the Japanese occupation were within the administrative area of Bukittinggi City. [23]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

But with the rolling of the governance reform that granted broad autonomy rights to the district and city, there was a rejection from the people of Agam Regency over the expansion and development of the Bukittinggi City area.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

For the people of Agam Regency who enter into this city expansion area, feel loss because with the return of the implementation of nagari government model is more promising, than being in the ward system.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

In addition, the assumption arises, the people of the city that have been heterogeneous are also feared to have an impact on indigenous traditions and wealth that have been owned by nagari.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The House of Representatives in the 2009 legislative election, DPRD Bukittinggi City is 25 people and composed of representatives of nine parties. [24]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Subdistricts List of sub-districts and sub-districts in Bukit Tinggi District in the city of Bukittinggi is 3, namely: Aur Birugo Tigo Baleh Guguk Panjang Mandiangin Koto Selayan Education Since Dutch colonialist times, this city has become the center of education on the island of Sumatra. [25]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

It started in 1872, with the establishment of Kweekschool voor Inlandsche Onderwijzers (teacher school for bumiputra teachers) or also known as radja school, which further developed into a volksschool or folk school.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Then in 1912 came the Hollandsch Inlandsche School (HIS), which continued with the founding of the School Pamong Opleiding School voor Inlandsch Ambtenaren (OSVIA) of 1918.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

In 1926 also had established MULO in the city of Bukittinggi. [26]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

In the early days of independence in the city once established the school of Police and Cadet and the first Pamong Praja school in Indonesia. [27]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Faculty of Medicine, University of Andalas and FKIP Universitas Andalas (now Padang State University) were also first established in this city before being moved to Padang City. [28]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Bukittinggi City Health has had good health services, this city with relatively small area has had 5 hospitals, namely 3 government-owned and 2 private owned.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

In addition, it is also supported by 5 health centers, 6 mobile health centers, and 15 auxiliary health centers.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

One of the main ones is Dr. Achmad Mochtar Regional General Hospital, a government-owned public hospital type B with a number of beds as much as 299. [31]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The National Stroke Hospital, located in this city, is a government-owned hospital with special services for stroke disease, and has 124 beds. [32] [33] This hospital is the first stroke treatment specialist hospital in Indonesia and the third in the world. [ 28]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

In addition, there is also Ibn Sina Islamic Hospital, a private hospital that has a bed capacity of 136 pieces. [31]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Meanwhile to improve the availability and quality of health workers in order to improve public health services, until 2009 there are eight health worker education institutions in Bukittinggi City.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Two institutions are government-owned (Poltekes) and six are managed by private parties. [31]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Bukittinggi City Transportation is strategically positioned on the Sumatra Cross Line, which connects Padang, Medan, and Palembang, and is located between Padang and Pekanbaru.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The Aur Kuning Terminal is the main terminal for land transport freight in the city.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

As for inner-city transportation, there are city freight, taxis, and bendi (horse-drawn carriages).


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Based on Public Works Department records, all roads in the city are up to 196 km long, including state roads and provincial roads.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Previously the town was traversed by a railway line connecting Payakumbuh and Padang which was built around the beginning of the 20th century.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

But by the decade of the 1970s, these means of transport were not activated anymore.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The city also has a non-class air transportation facility named Gadut Airport. [34]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

JMPL|200px|Japanese hole in Bukittinggi JMPL|left|256px|Upper Market The development of Loih Galuang market which is now also called Ateh Market, made the Dutch East Indies government in 1900 develop a loods towards the east, precisely in the area of the hill adjacent to gutters that run down the foothills.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Because the location of that market is on a slope, local people call it by the name Teleng Market (Leaning) or Slope Market.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Subsequent developments around the area appeared again several markets, among them the Bottom Market and the Banto Market.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Traditional markets around the Jam Gadang area, then developed into a place for sale of handicrafts and souvenirs typical of Minangkabau.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

In the arrangement of the market, the Dutch East Indies government also linked each market to the janjang (rung), and among the famous risers is Janjang 40.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

To reduce the buildup on one area, the Bukittinggi government then developed the urban area eastward by building Aur Kuning Market, which is today one of the largest wholesale trade centers on the island of Sumatra.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Due to the small area, the trade sector is one of the options for the Bukittinggi government in increasing the income of its population.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

In addition, the Bukittinggi government also spawned several programs in alleviating poverty, including embroidery skills training and kebaya making training, as well as the growth of new entrepreneurs. [35]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Bukittinggi original embroidery usually uses direct designing techniques that are classified as complex and time-consuming.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

This is different from similar products made in Tasikmalaya, West Java that uses soldering design techniques. [36]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Tourism The tourism industry is one of the mainstay sectors of Bukittinggi City.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

A large number of attractive attractions, making the city nicknamed as a “tourist city”.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

In 2012, the number of foreign tourists visiting the city reached 26,629 people. [37]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Currently in Bukittinggi there are about 60 hotels and 15 travel agencies. [38]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Hotels in Bukittinggi include The Hills, Hotel Pusako, and Grand Rocky Hotel.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Sianok Gorge is one of the main tourist attractions.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Panoramic Park located within the city of Bukittinggi allows tourists to see the scenic beauty of Sianok Gorge.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Inside Panorama Park is also a cave former Japanese army hideout during World War II called Lubang Japang.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

To visit Koto Gadang nagari below the canyon, tourists can go through Janjang Koto Gadang.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The level, which has a length of about 1 km, has a design like the Great Wall of China. [39]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

In Bundo Kanduang Park there is a replica of Gadang House which serves as a museum of Minangkabau culture.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The Bukittinggi Zoo and Fort de Kock Fort, are connected by a crossing bridge called the Limpapeh Bridge.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

The Limpapeh crossing bridge is over A. Yani Road which is the main road in Bukittinggi City.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Pasar Ateh (Pasar Atas) is adjacent to Jam Gadang which is the center of the city's crowds.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

In Pasar Ateh there are many handcrafts and embroidery vendors, [40] and small food souvenirs typical of West Sumatra, such as sanjai chips (cassava chips in Sanjai area in Bukittinggi) made from cassava, karupuak jangek made from cow or buffalo skin, and karak kaliang, a kind of typical small food Bukittinggi shaped like the number 8.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Sports Society of Bukittinggi is passionate about equestrian sports, and every year the town holds a racehorse race at Bukit Ambacang, which has been held since 1889. [7]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

This horse race is a series of horse racing races held in several other areas in West Sumatra.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

With this competition, it encourages horse breeders to stay afloat and utilize this tradition as a source of search. [41]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Press and Media Around 1924 in the city was published Periodic newspaper headed by S. Moesjafir, then followed by the publishing of weekly newspaper Doenia Achirat by Sain al Malik and Soetan Perpatih, but this newspaper was not long-lived.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

In addition, some women press figures in this city such as Djanewar Djalil and Sjamsidar Jahja also published the newspaper Soeara Poetri which discussed some issues of women's emancipation. [42]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

During the Japanese occupation, in the city was once established the largest radio transmitter for the island of Sumatra.


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

This transmitter is in order to raise the spirit of the people to support the interests of the Japanese version of the Greater East Asia War. [43]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

In the city there are several radio transmitter stations as a means of community information and entertainment, including: RRI Bukittinggi, Elsi FM [44], SK FM [45], and GRC FM. [46]


Question: How long is the road trip from Padang to Bukittinggi?

Bukittinggi City

Other cities that became Sister City of Bukittinggi city are: Seremban, Malaysia [47] Bengkudu Masjid Gallery near Bukittinggi, one of the oldest mosques in Indonesia Form Jam Gadang before 1942 Mosque in Padang Luar at Fort de Kock (Bukittinggi), 1911 Pasar Ateh tempo used to be Jalan Jendral Sudirman Pasar Atas, a shopping mall in Bukittinggi opposite Jam Gadang Outlink Reference (in Indonesian) (in Indonesian) Bukittinggi Bukittinggi Category:Former provincial capital city in Indonesia


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Wangsa Romanov was the second and last predator in Russia, who controlled Muskovia and the Russian empire for five generations from 1613 - 1762.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

From 1762 to 1917, Russia was controlled by a combined ruler from the Romanov dynasty and the Oldenburg Dynasty, known as Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

The origin of their ancestor was Andrei Kobyla, who was believed to be a boyar and devoted to Simeon of Russia.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Subsequent generations are then believed to be the leading ancestors.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

First it is believed that he came to Moscow from Prussia in 1341, where his father became a notorious rebel.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

In the late 17th century, the fictitious groove of his descent from Julius Caesar was disseminated.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

It seems that the origin of Kobyla is poorly known.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Not only because of the name Kobyla, which in Russian means mare, but also her family also has other names that are like horses and other house animals, so some suspect, they are descendants of the Konyushy family.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

One of Kobyla's children, Fyodor Koshka, a boyar in Dmitri Donskoi, named another Koshka (cat).


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

His descendants took the surname Koshkin, later changing it to Zacharin, where this family was split in two hereditary names: Zakharin-Yakovlev and Zakharin-Yuriev.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

During the time of emperor Ivan IV, the family was famous under the name of Yakovlev (Alexander Herzen was the most eminent), while the grandsons of Roman Zakharin-Yuriev changed their names to Romanovs.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Towards power The fate of this family soared when Roman's daughter, Anastasia Zacharyina, married Ivan IV the Malignant in February 1547.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

As her husband achieved the position of tsar, Anastasia was awarded the title she first created: tsaritsa.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Their marriage went very well, but the mysterious and sudden death of Anastasia in 1560, changed Ivan's character.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Suspicious of the boyars who allegedly poisoned his wife, the tsar began the program Oprichnina aka a period full of terror against them.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

One of his sons from Anastasia, also named Ivan, was killed in one brawl.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Ivan's young son Fyodor, a pious and weak prince, inherited the throne after his father's death.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

During Fyodor's time in power, Russian rule was opposed by his brother-in-law, Boris Godunov and his other Romanov cousins.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

After Fyodor's death, the 700-year-old dynasty from Moscow, came to an end.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

After a long struggle, Boris Godunov's side defeated the Romanov family and established him as the new tsar.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Godunov's grudge against the Romanov family was crazy: the whole family was banished to remote regions of the North of Russia and the Ural region, where most of their drai eventually died of starvation or in custody.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

The leader of the Romanov family, Feodor Nikitich, was exiled to the Antoniev Siysky Monastery and forced to oath-monk under the name of Patriarchy Filaret.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

The fate of the Romanov family again changed drastically along with the downfall of the Godunov dynasty in 1606.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

As the leader of the anti Godunov party and cousin of the last legitimate tsar, Filaret Romanov was respected by several parties who tried to claim the Rurikid inheritance and throne during the Period of Chaos.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Emperor Dmitriy I appointed him as a bishop and Dmitriy II appointed him as patriarch.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

After the expulsion of the Poles from Moscow in 1612, the Russian grand assembly offered the Russian throne to several princes of the Rurik and Gediminid dynasties, but all rejected it.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Following the offer of the Russian throne, Filaret's 17-year-old son, Mikhail I, by then living in the Ipatiev monastery, was eventually persuaded by his mother, Kseniya Ivanovna Shestova, to accept the throne.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Mikhail felt that this throne was very insecure and tried to establish close ties with the last tsars of the Rurikid dynasty and sought advice from the grand assembly in important matters.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

This strategy proved potent.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

The early kings of the Romanov dynasty were generally loved by the people and also brothers-in-law of the former emperor Ivan as well as the martyrs of Godunov.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

The times of crisis Mikhail was succeeded by his son, Aleksei, who directed his country into various calamities.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

After his death, there was a seizure of the diansti, between his children from the first wife (Feodor III, Sofia Alexeevna and Ivan V) and the child of the second wife (Nataliya Kyrillovna Naryshkina), the future emperor Peter the Great.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

A dynastic struggle follows after Peter's death, which leaves his only son, Alexei killed and does not appoint a replacement for the heir to the throne.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

The lineage of the Romanov men actually ended at the same time as Peter II's death on his wedding day.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

The last daughters of the Romanov family were Peter II's aunts, Anna Ioannovna (1693-1740) and Yelizaveta Petrovna (1709-1762).


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Since Anna and Elizabeth had no male offspring, the royal succession could pass to Anna's niece of Brunswick-Lüneburg, (Ivan VI) or to Elizabeth's niece (Pyotr III), of Holstein, who was also considered heir to the Swedish throne and Holstein.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Elizabeth was in fact supportive of her niece, although he was impotent and of bad character.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

With the appointment of Peter III in 1762 a new era of the Holstein-Gottorp dynasty, or Oldenburg-Romanov, began.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

The Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov dynasty The Holstein-Gottorp dynasty nevertheless wore the Romanov surname and confirmed their male lineage from Peter I. Pavel I was very proud to be the great-granddaughter of a prominent Russian nobleman, although his mother of German descent, Katarina II, insinuated in her memoirs that Paul's original father was his dark girlfriend, Serge Saltykov.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Fearful of the usurpation of the throne, Pavel made the rule of law, one of the tightest in Europe.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

The spouse of the king/queen of the Russian dynasty must be from the same spawn, that is, come from one of the kingdoms in Europe and be of Eastern Orthodox Christianity.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Otherwise, their children lose the right to the throne.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Pavel I was killed in his palace in Saint Petersburg.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Aleksandr I succeeded him and then died without having any male offspring.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Nikolai I, one of the brothers of Aleksandr I, was surprised when he was appointed king.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

His reign, as also during the time of Pavel I, was marked by great attention to the strength of the wartime force.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

However, Russia lost the Cream War, despite having some brilliant admirals, including Pavel Nakhimov.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Nicholas I had 4 male children, who were considered to be capable of the challenge of taking control of Russia.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Nicholas I prepared the best education provision for his sons, including military education.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Aleksandr II became the next emperor.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Aleksandr a well-educated and intelligent man, who preserves his duty to maintain peace in Europe and Russia.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

He was convinced that a country with a powerful war force would be able to keep the peace.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Yet his family life was unhappy.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

His beloved wife, Maria Alexandrovna, had problems with her lungs that preceded her death and fostered family ties.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

On 13 March 1881, Aleksandr was killed after returning from a military parade.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

His carriage mounted handmade bombs.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

The emperor died after the second bomb exploded.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

The killer, Ignacy Hryniewiecki was seriously injured.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Aleksandr II was succeeded by his son, Aleksandr III.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Large-bodied and sometimes stupid, with tough stamina and bad behavior, Aleksandr, feared he would suffer a fate like his father and establish authoritarian rule in Russia.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Many reformist things in the time of Aleksandr II were retracted.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Aleksandr, after the death of his elder brother, inherits not only the throne but also a wife, Princess Dagmar of Denmark (Maria Fyodorovna).


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Despite the contrast in terms of looks, the couple are very famous and have 5 children.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

The eldest son, Nikolai, became Tsar after his father died suddenly due to kidney disease in uisa 49.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Not ready to be king, Nicholas said, “I'm not ready to be king.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

I don't want it.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

I am not the Tsar.”


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Though intelligent and noble-hearted, having lacked preparation for power, he continued his father's ruthless policies.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

His wife, a fragile and emotional royal princess, was also a burden.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

While the Tsar was preoccupied with World War I, the tsar's wife even influenced the court and government.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

The fall of the wangsa When the Romanov family celebrated the anniversary of its power, in 1913, the ceremony was marked by some strange omens.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Grigori Rasputin declared the Romanovs' rule would not last one year after his death.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Rasputin was assassinated by one of the Romanov nobles a few months before the Bolshevik Revolution of February 1917, which impeached Nicholas II.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Bolshevik rulers massacred the entire Romanov family in a wine storage cellar in the Ipatiev Building, Yekaterinburg, Russia, on July 17, 1918 (though some books suspect only Nikolai was shot).


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Ironically the Ipatiev Building has the same name as the Ipatiev monastery in Kostroma, where Mikhail Romanov was offered the throne of Russia in 1613. The place where the Ipatiev building stands was re-named as "Church on Blood”.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

After years of controversy, Nikolai II and his family were declared “saints” by the Russian Orthodox Church in 2000.


Question: How long has the Piast Dynasty been in power?

Romanov Wangsa

Romanov Romanov Category:Russian nobility


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The Chancellor of Germany is the head of government of Germany.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The official title of chancellor in German is Bundeskanzler (in) (literally, Federal Chancellor), sometimes shortened to Kanzler (in).


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

This term originated in the early Middle Ages, which is a Latin term, namely cancellarius.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

In German politics, the Chancellor is the equivalent of a prime minister in many other countries.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Germany has two equivalent translations of prime minister, namely Premierminister and Ministerpräsident.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Premierminister usually refers to heads of government from foreign countries (e.g., Great Britain), whereas Ministerpräsident may also refer to the heads of government of most states of Germany.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The current chancellor is Angela Merkel who is serving in her third period in office.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

She was the first female chancellor so she became known in Germany as Bundeskanzlerin (the word has never been used officially for Merkel, but the word is a regular grammar of noun formation denoting a female chancellor due to the presence of recusal “- in” at the end of “Bundeskanzler”).


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The modern office of Chancellor evolved from the position created for Otto von Bismarck in the North German Confederation in 1867.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The Confederation developed into a German state with the Unification of Germany in 1871.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The role of the Chancellor varies greatly inside Germany's modern history.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Today, the Chancellor is the effective leader of the country.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

An overview of the history of the Office of the Chancellor has a long history dating back to the Holy Roman Empire, when the office of the principal chancellor of Germany was usually headed by the Archbishop of Mainz.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The title was, at that time that was used in some German-speaking countries in Europe.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The modern office of Chancellor was established with the North German Confederation where Otto von Bismarck became Chancellor in 1867.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

After the Unification of Germany in 1871, the office became known in Germany as Reichskanzler (lit.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

“Chancellor of the Realm”), although it continues to be referred to as Kanelir in other languages.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

With the German constitution of 1949, the title Bundeskanzler (Chancellor) was reused within Germany.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

In various times, the role of Chancellor has become varied.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

From 1871-1918, the Chancellor was responsible only to the Emperor.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

With the establishment of the republic and constitutional reform in 1918, parliament was granted the right to dismiss the Reichskanzler.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

According to the Weimar Constitution of 1919, the Chancellor is appointed by the President and is accountable to Parliament and the President.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

When the Nazis came to power on January 30, 1933, the Weimar Constitution was de facto ignored.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

After the death of President Hindenburg in 1934, Adolf Hitler, head of government and state (as no new president was elected) dictator of Nazi Germany was called formally Führer und Reichskanzler (literally meaning “Leader and Chancellor of the Realm”).


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The Constitution of 1949 gave the Chancellor many greater powers than the Chancellor of the Weimar Republic, while reducing many of the roles of President.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Germany today is often referred to as a “chancellor democracy” reflecting the Chancellor's role as an executive head of state who has the constitutional authority to set guidelines for all areas of government policy.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Since 1867, 33 people have served as heads of government of Germany or their predecessors with the North German Confederation, mostly held the title of Chancellor.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Due to administrative duties, the chief spiritual officer in the chapel of an Imperial Palace during the Karoling Empire was called Chancellor (from Latin: cancellarius).


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The chapel colleague acted as the Office of the Emperor's Chancellor issuing deeds and capitulary.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

From the time of Ludwig the German, the Archbishop of Mainz was ex officio the Principal Chancellor of Germany, a position he held until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, whereas de jure, the Archbishop of Köln was Chancellor of Italy and Archbishop of Trier of Bourgogne.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The three Prince-Archbishops were also Prince-electors of the Imperial elections that elected the King of the Romans.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Already from medieval times, the German Chancellery had political power such as Archbishop Willigis (Arskancubine 975-1011, guardian of the ruler King Otto III of Germany 991-994) or Rainald von Dassel (Chancellor 1156-1162 and 1166-1167) under Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

In 1559, Emperor Ferdinand I established the institution of the Office of the Imperial Chancellor (Reichshofkanzlei) at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna headed by the Vice-Chancellor under the nominal authority of the Archbishop of Mainz.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

At the Battle of White Mountain of 1620, Emperor Ferdinand II made the office of the Court of Chancellor responsible for the domestic and foreign affairs of the Habsburg Monarchy for Austria.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

From 1753 onwards, the office of Chancellor of State of Austira was headed by Prince Kaunitz.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The office of Imperial Chancellor was less important, and from the days of Maria Theresa and Joseph II, existed only on paper.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, Prince Metternich served as State Chancellor of the Austrian Empire (1821-1848), as well as Prince Hardenberg acted as Chancellor of Prussia (1810—1822).


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

From 1867 to 1871, the title Bundeskanzler (chancellor) was reused in German at the time of the North German Confederation.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

From 1871 to 1945, the office was named Reichskanzler (Imperial Chancellor).


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Since 1949, the official title of the office in German is once again named Bundeskanzler.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

In the present, that is, the period of absence of the German Democratic Republic (RDJ, East Germany) which existed from October 7, 1949 to October 3, 1990 (when the territory of the former East Germany was united with the Federal Republic of Germany), the post of Chancellor does not exist.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The equivalent position of chancellor is between the Minister President (Ministerpräsident) or the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RDJ (Vorsitzender des Ministerrats der DDR).


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

(See East German Leaders.)


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Chancellor of the North German Confederation (1867-1871) JMPL|Otto, Fürst von Bismarck (he held from 1871) Head of the government of the federal government of the North German Confederation created on 1 July 1867 held Bundeskanzler.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The only person to hold the office was Otto Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen (better known simply as Otto von Bismarck), Prime Minister of Prussia.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Although the King of Prussia was proclaimed and sworn in as German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors located in the Palace of Versailles on 18 January 1871, the North German Confederation did not cease to exist until the German Constitution of 1871 took effect three months later, on 16 April.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Accordingly, Bismarck remained Chancellor of the Confederation until that date.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

During these months, the North German Confederation was also referred to as the German Confederation, after the South German states (excluding Austria) had joined the confederation.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The Chancellor was appointed by the King of Prussia in his post as President of the North German Confederation


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The role and powers of the King are very similar to the powers of the Office of the German Chancellor from 1871.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Chancellor of the German Empire (1871—1918) In 1871 of the German Empire, the Imperial Chancellor (Reichskanzler) served as the Emperor's first minister and as presiding officer of the Bundesrat, the upper house of the German parliament.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

He was not elected by and was not accountable to Parliament (Reichstag).


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Instead, the Chancellor was appointed by the Emperor.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The Federal Government consisted of a federal council (Bundesrat), consisting of representatives from the states and headed by the King of Prussia, a parliament, called the Reichstag, and an imperfect federal executive headed by Otto, Fürst von Bismarck, the Minister President of Prussia, as Imperial Chancellors in personal uni.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Technically, the foreign ministers of the states of the empire commanded their representatives in the Federal Council (Bundesrat) and therefore, they outperformed the Chancellor.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

For this reason, Fürst von Bismarck (as he was from 1871 onwards) continued to serve as prime minister and foreign minister of Prussia for almost his entire term as Chancellor of the kingdom as he wished to continue continuing this power.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Since Prussia controlled 17 votes in the Bundesrat, Bismarck was able to effectively control the process by making deals with other, smaller states.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The term Chancellor signalled the apparently low priority of this institution compared to state governments because the new Chancellor of the Federation must not fully mature in the post of prime minister, in contrast to the federal head of state.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The title of Chancellor additionally symbolized a strong monarchical bureaucracy and ultimately anti parliamentary component, as in the Prussian tradition, for example von Hardenberg.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

In both these aspects, each executive of the Imperial Federation, as formed in 1867/71, was deliberately different from the revolutionary Imperial Ministry of 1848/49 which had been headed by a Prime Minister elected by the National Assembly.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

In 1871, the concept of a federal chancellery was transferred to the newly formed state executive, the German Empire which was then also already containing the south of the German state.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Here, too, the provisions of the Chancellor and the Federal Agency (as opposed to the Ministry or Government) suggested lower priority (which is obvious) of the federal executive compared to the state governments.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

For this reason, both the Chancellor and the leader of the imperial departments under his orders used the title of Minister until 1918.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The German Constitution had been amended on 29 October 1918, when Parliament was granted the right to dismiss the Chancellor.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

However, the changes could not prevent the outbreak of the revolution a few days later.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The period of revolution (1918—1919) On 9 November 1918, Chancellor Max von Baden handed over the office of his Chancellor to Friedrich Ebert.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Ebert continued to serve as Head of Government for three months between the end of the German Empire in November 1918 and the first meeting of the National Assembly in February 1919, but did not use the title of Chancellor.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

During that time, Ebert also served as Chairman of the “People's Deputy Council”, until 29 December 1918 jointly with the Social Democratic Independent Hugo Haase.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Chancellor of the Weimar Republic (1919-1933) The Office of Chancellor was resumed during the time of the Weimar Republic.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The Chancellor (Reichskanzler) was appointed by the President and was responsible to the Reichstag.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Under the Weimar Republic, the Chancellor was a fairly weak figure.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Like his French counterpart, he served as little more than a chairman.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Cabinet decisions are made by majority vote.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

In reality, many of the Weimar governments relied heavily on cooperation from the President due to the difficulty of finding a majority in Parliament.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

See Chancellery of the Weimar Republic (1919-1933) in List of German Chancellors of Nazi Germany (1933—1945) Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany on 30 January 1933 by Paul von Hindenburg.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Upon taking office, Hitler immediately began to gather strength and change the nature of Chancellorship.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

After only two months in office and following arson from the Reichstag, the Reichstag body passed the Enabling Act which gave the Chancellor of the Reich full legislative powers for a four-year period — the Chancellor could introduce any law without consulting Parliament.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Power from the Chancellor continued to grow until August 1934, when incumbent President Paul von Hindenburg died.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Hitler used the Enabling Act to merge the office of Chancellor of the Reich with that of President to create a new office, der Führer.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Although the office was merged, Hitler continued to be accosted as “Führer und Reichskanzler” indicating that the Head of State and Head of Government were still separate even though the positions were held by the same person.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

This separation was made clearer when Hitler gave instructions that after his death the office of Führer would dissolve and there would be a new President and Chancellor in April 1945.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

On 30 April 1945, when Hitler committed suicide, he was replaced as Chancellor by Joseph Goebbels, as specified in Hitler's will and testament.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

With Goebbels after Hitler committed suicide, the reins of power passed to Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz as President of Germany.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Dönitz, in turn, appointed an independent conservative, namely Count von Schwerin Krosigk as head of government with the title of Chief Minister.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Dönitz and von Schwerin Krosigk negotiated a surrender to the Allies.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (since 1949) of the German Constitution 1949, the Basic Law (Grundgesetz) enforces the Chancellor of the German language: Bundeskanzler) with broad powers to initiate government policy.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

For that reason, some observers refer to the German political system as a “chancellor democracy”.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Any major party (CDU/CSU or SPD) not holding chancellorship usually calls candidates for federal elections “kansisat chancellor” (Kanzlerkandidat).


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The Federal Government (Bundesregierung) consists of ministers and ministers of his cabinet.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The chancellor's authority derives from the provisions of the Basic Law and in practice from his status as leader of a party (or coalition of parties) that holds a majority of seats in the Bundestag (federal parliament).


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

With the exception of Helmut Schmidt, the chancellor is usually also chairman from his own party.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

This was the case with Chancellor Gerhard Schröder from 1999 until he resigned from the SPD leadership in 2004.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The German Chancellor is officially accosted as “Herr Bundeskanzler”, if the Chancellor is a man.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Currently the holder of this post, Angela Merkel who is considered the most influential panita within the planet by Forbes Magazine, is officially referred to as “Frau Bundeskanzlerin”, the feminine form of the title.


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

The use of the mixed form “Frau Bundeskanzler” discontinued its use by the government in 2004 because it was considered disrespectful and was seen as a way to acknowledge Merkel's future leadership. [1]


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Former surviving Chancellor One of the surviving former Chancellors of Germany: Gerhard Schröder (1998-2005) 7 April 1944 (age 73) See also List of German Chancellors Religious affiliations of German Chancellors Reference Further reading The German Chancellors 1993 edition of Herbert Klein's work The Development of the German Chancellorship: Adenauer to Kohl edition 1994 of Stephen Padgett's work Article “The Leadership Styles of the German Chancellors: From Schmidt to Schröder” by Christine M. Harlen in 2002 in Politics and Policy 30 (2 (June)): pages 347—371 “The Changing Chancellorship: Resources and Constraints Revisited” by Ludger Helms in 2001 in German Politics 10 (2): pages 155—168 “Executive Leadership in Germany: Dispersion of Power or 'Kanzler Democratie'?”


Question: who is Germany's longest-serving prime minister?

Chancellor of Germany

Renate Mayntz's work in 1980 in In presidents and Prime Ministers edition of R. Rose and E. N. Suleiman's “The Resources of a German Chancellor” Gordon Smith's work in 1991 in West European Politics 14 (2): pages 48—61


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Lake Toba is a large natural lake in Indonesia located in the caldera of Super Volcano.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

The lake is 100 kilometres (62 miles) long, 30 kilometres (19mi) wide, and 505 metres (1,657ft) deep.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

The lake is located in the middle of the northern island of Sumatra with a surface elevation of about 900 metres (2,953ft).


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

The lake stretches from to.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

It is the largest lake in Indonesia and the largest volcanic lake in the world. [1]


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Lake Toba was the site of a VEI magnitude 8 super-massive volcanic eruption about 69,000 to 77,000 years ago [2] [3] [4] that triggered global climate change.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Current dating methods establish that 74,000 years ago is more accurate. [5]


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

This eruption was the largest explosive eruption on Earth in the past 25 million years.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

According to the Toba disaster theory, this eruption had a huge impact on human populations around the world; the impact of the eruption killed most of the humans living that time and is believed to cause population shrinkage in middle east Africa and India thus affecting the genetics of the human population in the rest of the world until now. [6]


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Scientists agree that the Toba eruption triggered a volcanic winter that caused a fall in world temperatures of between 3 to 5°C (5.4 to 9.0°F), and up to 15°C (27°F) in upper-latitude regions.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Continuing research in Lake Malawi, Central Africa, found dust deposits of the Toba eruption, but found no evidence of major climate change in East Africa. [7]


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

On June 18, 2018, a ferry sinking disaster occurred in Lake Toba and drowned more than 190 people. [8]


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

History of Ka|JMPL|180px|View of Lake Toba.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

It is estimated that Lake Toba formed during an explosion about 69,000-77,000 years ago [9] [3] [10] and is the most recent eruption of a supervolcano (super volcano).


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Bill Rose and Craig Chesner of Michigan Technological University estimated that the total amount of material at the eruption was about 2,800km3 -about 2,000km3 from Ignimbrit flowing over land, and about 800km3 that fell as ash mainly to the west.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Pyroclastic flows from the eruption destroyed an area of 20,000km2, with ash deposits up to 600 m thick with the main crater.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

These events lead to mass death and extinction in some species of living things.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

According to some DNA evidence, this eruption also shrunk the number of humans to about 60% of the number of Earth's human population at that time, which was about 60 million humans.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

The eruption also led to the occurrence of an ice age, although experts are still debating it.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

After the eruption, a caldera formed which was later filled by water and became what is now known as Lake Toba.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Upward pressure by magma that had not yet exited led to the emergence of Samosir Island.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

An international multidisciplinary research team, led by Dr. Michael Petraglia, revealed in a press conference in Oxford, USA that a fairly spectacular new archaeological site has been discovered by geologists in the south and north of India.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

On the site it was revealed how people survived, before and after the eruption of the Toba volcano (supervolcano) at 74,000 years ago, and evidence of the presence of life under the ash hoard of Mount Toba.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Though the source of the eruption was 3,000 miles away, from the spread of its ashes.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

For seven years, experts from Oxford university researched ecosystem projects in India, looking for evidence of life and living equipment they left behind in denuded paddocks.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

This area with thousands of hectares turned out to be just savanna (meadow).


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

While the bones of animals are scattered.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

The team concluded, this fairly large area turned out to be covered with dust from ancient volcanic eruptions.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

The spread of volcano dust was extensive, found almost all over the world.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Derived from an eruption of an ancient supervolcano, namely Mount Toba.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

The conjecture leads to Mount Toba, as it was found evidence of the same molecular shape of volcanic dust at 2100 points.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Since the crater caldera that is now Lake Toba in Indonesia, up to 3000 miles, from the source of the eruption.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Even quite surprising, it turned out that the spread of dust was recorded up to the North Pole.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

This reminds experts how devastating the super eruption of Toba volcano was at that time.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Environmental damage In May 2012, Samosir regency issued a decree (SK) of Samosir Regent No. 89 dated May 1, 2012 on the granting of Business Site License for Horticultural Plantation and Animal Husbandry area of 800 hectares in Tele Forest, in Partungkot Nagijang Village and Hariara Pintu, Subdistrict Daily, Samosir Regency, North Sumatra to PT Gorga Duma Sari (GDS) owned by a member of DPRD Samosir Regency, Jonni Sitohang. [11] [12] Then continued with a Wood Utilization Permit (GPA) granted by the Head of the North Sumatra Provincial Office through the Decree of the Head of Forest Service and Samosir Regency Plantation Number 005 Year 2013. [11]


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Chairman of the Board of Care Forum Peduli Samosir Nauli (Pesona), Rohani Manalu stated that this permit made PT GDS logging natural wood in the forest without having AMDAL. [11]


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Rohani also stated that another result was the occurrence of landslides and floods that caused casualties. [13] [14] Due to the logging of the Tele forest, the erosion mud on the former logging land has caused siltation of rivers around Lake Toba. [15]


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

The million-tree planting program driven by the North Sumatra provincial government was also said to be ineffective because many trees died because they were not treated.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

This led to three North Sumatran environmental activists, Marandus Sirait, Hasoloan Manik (Kalpataru), and Wilmar Eliaser Simandjorang (Satya Lencana Karya Satya, Toba Award, Wana Lestari) reinstating all award charters ever given by the North Sumatra Provincial government, Ministry Forestry, and the State Palace. [15] [16] Environment Minister Balthasar Kambuaya has presented two letters of recommendation for Samosir Mangindar Simbolon regent as business licensor and person in charge to provide administrative sanctions in the form of closing business activities. [16]


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

After the first letter was not digubris, Regent Samosir replied to the second letter by stating that the company did not violate so that it was not worth closing. [16] [17] Because the Regent did not implement the recommendation, the Ministry of Environment also imposed the Authority (Second Line) Enforcement) and temporarily shut down PT GDS activities. [16]


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

After the Ministry of Environment went directly to the location based on the findings that the decision was not digubris, [18] [19] then the regency advised PT GDS to comply with the decree.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

PT GDS also stopped all operational activities and withdrew heavy equipment in the region based on the recognition of GDS Director Jonni Sitohang. [12]


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Population Most of the population living around Lake Toba are Batak tribes.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Traditional Batak houses can be recognized by the shape of their roofs (their ends curve upwards like a boat) and bright colors. [20]


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Neighbourhood residents also hang a lot of living by developing freshwater fisheries.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

In the past, Haranggaol village face, Haranggaol Horison District which is known as a tourist destination in Simalungun became the center of freshwater fish.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

There, according to a report, dozens of trucks transporting dozens of tons of carp and tilapia paced the village road. [21]


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Flora and fauna The flora of the lake includes various types of phytoplankton, small macrophilites, floating macrophilites, and immersed macrophilites, while the surrounding land is covered in rainforest, including Sumatran tropical pine forest types in the higher mountainous regions. [22]


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Fauna in the lake includes several species of zooplankton and bentos animals.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Because the lake is oligotrophic (not rich in nutrients), its native fish are classified as rare.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

There are only two endemic fish in this lake, namely Rasbora tobana (it can be called almost endemic because it is also found in the rivers that empties into this lake) [23] and Neolissochilus thienemanni, commonly called Batak fish. [24]


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

The last mentioned species is threatened by deforestation (the cause of siltation), pollution, changes in water levels, and new fish species brought into this lake. [24]


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Other native fish species are Aplocheilus panchax, Nemacheilus pfeifferae, Homaloptera gymnogaster, Channa gachua, Channa striata, Clarias batrachus, Barbonymus gonionotus, Barbonymus schwanenfeldii, Danio albolineatus, Osteochilus vittatus, Puntius binotatus, Jacobsoni, Tor tambra, Betta imbellis, Betta taeniata, and Monopterus albus. [25]


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Incomer fish species include Anabas testudineus, Oreochromis mossambicus, Oreochromis niloticus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio, Osphronemus goramy, Trichogaster pectoralis, Trichopodus trichopterus, Poecilia reticulata, and Xiphophorus hellerii. [25]


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

See also Lake Tōya Toba Disaster theory Around Lake Toba Gallery Boat sightseeing Batak Village around Lake Samosir Island.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Island in the middle of the lake.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Cross to the island of Samosir.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Lake Toba, seen from Tongging village Lake Toba seen from Samosir Island View of Lake Toba from the air South coastal view; Sibandang Island seen behind Batak traditional house in Ambarita Waterfall Sipiso-Piso Lake Toba in banknote 1,000 rupiah Sculpture of Batak canoe boat Toba Crater Lake Toba with its dome forming Samosir Island A partial panoramic view of Lake Toba from west to southeast Reference Jorge A. Vazquez and Mary R. Reid. Probing the Accumulation History of the Voluminous Toba Magma.Science #305, August 13, 2004, p. 991-994.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Dedi Riskomar., The World's Most Devastated Eruption of Mount Toba, People's Mind General Daily, April 1, 2010, pp.


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba


Question: where is Lake Toba?

Lake Toba

Outlinks (in Indonesian) Toba Category:Caldera in Indonesia Category:Batak Toba Category:Taneh Karo Category:Lakes in Indonesia


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The Republic of Belarus or Belarus is a country in Eastern Europe with the capital city of Minsk.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The country is administratively subdivided into 6 provinces (voblast) and a special city.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The geography of Belarus is an inland country, relatively flat, and has large marshy fields.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Lakes and rivers make up the country.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The largest swamp area is Polesia, which is one of the largest swamps in Europe.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

There are 11,000 lakes in Belarus, but most of those lakes are smaller than 0.5square kilometres (124hectares).


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Three major rivers flow through the country namely, Neman River, Pripyat River, and Dnepr River.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Belarus's highest point is Dzyarzhynskaya Hara (Dzyarzhynsk Hill), 345metres (1,132ft), and the lowest point is on the Neman River, 90metres (295ft).


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The climate ranges from fierce winters (average January temperatures are in the range −8°C (18°F) to −2°C (28°F)) to cold, wet summers (average temperatures 15°C (59°F) to 20°C (68°F)).


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Forests cover about 34% of the entire landscapes, making SDA forestry products the most lagging in Belarus.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Other SDAs found in Belarus include deposits of stout soil, small amounts of oil and natural gas, granite, limestone, marl, limestone, limestone, sand, gravel, and clay.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

About one-fifth of its territory, mostly in the southeastern provinces of Homel and Mahilyow, continues to be affected by radioactive fallout from the 1986 nuclear field disaster in Chernobyl, Ukraine.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

As the amount of radiation has dwindled (1%) since the disaster, much of the area has been rendered uninhabitable. [1]


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Belarus is surrounded by the following countries: Latvia to the north, Lithuania to the northwest, Poland to the west, Russia to the north and east, and Ukraine to the south.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

History Between the 6th and 8th centuries, in the area now named Belarus was inhabited by Slavic peoples, who dominated the country.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Gradually the Early East Slavic peoples interacted with the Varangians and were ruled within the Rus state, especially in the area around present-day Polotsk in the northern part of the country.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

In the 13th century, the country was adversely affected by Mongol attacks, and eventually part of Rus' it was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The lands in the middle of the duchy were the areas around the cities of Kernavė, Trakai, Vilnius and Samogitia.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

During this time, the area of Belarus was peaceful, but its own duchy often fought and won against the Mongols in the east, the Turks in the south, and the Teutonic Knights in the west.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

From the 15th century, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania extended in Eastern Europe, from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

On 2 February 1386, the Lithuanian Grand Duke Jogaila was crowned King of Poland, and allied the Grand Duchy with Poland in an individual union under 1 dominion.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Eventually this union of individuals resulted in the Polish—Lithuanian Commonwealth, a new state created in 1569.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

However from 1795 the country was divided and conquered by the Russian Empire, Prussia and Austria as a result of the Division of the Polish—Lithuanian Commonwealth.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The area of Belarus remained part of the Russian Empire until it was annexed by Germany during PD I. The first time Belarus declared independence was on 25 March 1918, forming the People's Republic of Belarus.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

However the republic was short-lived, and soon the regime was derelict after the German withdrawal.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

In 1919 Belarus became the Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus (RSSB), and after Russia occupied eastern Lithuania it merged into the Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

After the Soviet Polish War which ended in 1921, the Byelorussian lands were broken up between Poland and the recreated Byelorussian RSS, which became a founding member of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

By September 1939, the Soviet Union occupied Polish-held Byelorussian lands as a result of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

In 1941, Nazi Germany launched Operation Barbarossa, invading the Soviet Union.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Belarus was soon annexed afterwards, and remained in Nazi hands until 1944.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Most of the country's facilities and infrastructure were destroyed and most of its inhabitants killed in German attacks.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Belarus Jews were told to work rodi in concentration camps.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

It is necessary until 1971 the population of Belarus numbered as before the war.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

But the Jewish population never increased. [2]


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

After the end of the war, Byelorussia was among 51 signatories to the founding of the United Nations in 1945.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The reconstruction that took place in Belarus after the war brought relative prosperity with the Soviet Republic.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

During this time, Belarus became a major manufacturing center in the western region of the RSUS.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Increased employment invited immigration from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. [3]


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

During Joseph Stalin, a policy of rusification began to “protect” the Byelorussian RSS from Western influence.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

This policy involved dispatching Russians from different parts of the Soviet Union and placed them in a key notch in the RSS administration of Belarus.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Official use of the Belarusian language and other cultural facets is also restricted by Moscow.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

After he died in 1953, Stalin's successor Nikita Khrushchev continued the Rusification program, starting in the Byelorussian RSS capital, Minsk where “The sooner we all start talking Russian, the sooner we will build communism. “[2]


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

In 1986, parts of Belarus were affected by the fall due to the Chernobyl nuclear field disaster in neighboring Ukraine.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

As Soviet PM Mikhail Gorbachev began his Perestroika plan, Belarusians petitioned him in December 1986 explaining the loss of mreka culture.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

These events have been referred to by historians as “Chernobyl culture”. [4]


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

In June 1988, a mass burial was discovered in the town of Kurapaty.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The cemetery contained about 250,000 victims of Stalin.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Some argue that the discovery was evidence that the Soviet government was trying to remove Belarus and caused some to seek independence. [4] [5] Belarus declared itself sovereign on 27 July 1990, and officially the RSSB became the Republic of Belarus on 25 August 1991 , gaining full independence.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Throughout that time, Stanislav Shushkevich became the Chief Justice of the Soviet Court of Belarus, the top leadership notch in Belarus.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Shushkevich, along with Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin of Russia and Leonid Kravchuk of Ukraine met on 8 December 1991 in the Białowieża Forest to declare formally the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Since 1994, the country has been led by Alexander Lukashenko, who has been criticized by Western governments, Human Rights Watch, and other non-governmental organizations for his Soviet-style domestic policy.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

From 2005, there emerged a movement in Belarus to reunite with Russia.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

In November 2005, a draft constitution was sent to Vladimir Putin and Lukashenko for discussion. [6]


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Along with others, this movement was part of a 1996 plan created by Lukashenko and former Russian President Boris Yeltsin to create unity between the two countries.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The administrative division of Belarus is divided over 6 provinces (“voblast”), named after the cities for which it is its administrative center.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The city of Minsk, located in the province of Minsk, has a special status as one of the national subordinates because it is not included in any voblast.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Subdivisions within the voblast were inherited from Soviet times.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Further voblast-voblast it is divided in raions (commonly translated as “district” or “region”).


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The local legislative authority (raisovet, “raion council”) is elected by the citizens of the raion; the local executive authority (raion administration) is appointed by the higher executive authority.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

In the same way, each voblast has its own legislative authority (oblsovet), elected by the citizens, and executive authority (voblast administration), whose leader is elected by the president.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

(Capital voblast inside brackets.)


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Minsk (capital) Brest Province (Brest) Gomel Province (Gomel) Hrodna Province (Hrodna) Mahilyow Province (Mahilyow) Minsk Province (Minsk) Vitsebsk Province (Vitebsk) Demographics The majority of the population of Belarus is the original Belarus people, who compose 81.2% of the total population of 10,293,011 inhabitants.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Russians are the 2nd largest group making up 11.4% of the population.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Successively Poles and Ukrainians numbered about 3.9% and 2.4% of the population.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Commonly spoken languages in Belarus are Russian and Belarus, both of which are official languages in Belarus.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The population density is about 50 inhabitants per square kilometer (127/square mile.square) and 71.7% of the overall population lives in urban areas.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Of the city's population, 24% live in Minsk, the national capital and largest city. [7]


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Most residents, 69.7%, are between the ages of 14 and 64. 16% of residents are under 14, while 14.6% are aged 65 k over.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The median age of residents is 37.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The average life expectancy of a citizen of Belarus is 68.72 years; for men 63.03 years and for women 74.96 years.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The literacy rate in Belarus, which is the number of residents aged 15 and over who can read through is 99%, with men around 99.8%, and women 99.3%.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The male-to-female rate in 2005 was estimated to be around .88 men for each woman.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Most demographic markers for Belarus resemble other European countries, specifically with negative rates of population growth and natural growth rates.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The population growth rate is now around − 0.06% [8] as of 2005, with a fertility rate of 1.43.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The population is also older, and until 2050, most of the population will be above 50. [9]


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The migration rate is about +2.3 for every 1,000 inhabitants in Belarus.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

According to the report of the international organization Save the Children (comparison of 167 countries) Belarus has the highest rate among all countries of the former Soviet Unionthere in the order of 16th for the maternal ranking index, 14th for the women's index level and 20 for the children's index level.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

The closest former Soviet Union countries are Estonia (18 for female level), Ukraine (21/31/26) and Russia (27/34/64) [10] Major cities in Belarus (population in thousands, 2018) [11] Minsk - 1982,4 Gomel - 535.7 Mahilyow - 381.4 Hrodna - 370.9 Vitebsk - 370.3 Brest - 347.6 BabruySk - 217.5 Baranovichi - 179.2 Barysau - 143.1 Pinsk - 138.0 Orsha - 115.1 Mazyr - 111.7 Salihorsk - 106.6 Lida - 101.6 Novapolatsk - 101.6 Membership of international organizations Belarus is a member of several international organizations, such as UN, UNESCO, Commonwealth of Independent States, OBSE, ILO, etc.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

References See also Curzon Line USSR List of countries in the world Transclusion error outlinks: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

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Question: what is the area of the country of Belarus?

Belarus

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jews

Jewishness is a term that refers to a religion, ethnicity, or tribe.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jews

As a religion, this term refers to Jewish people.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jews

Based on ethnicity, this word refers to a tribe of nations descended from the descendants of Eber () (the so-called “Hebrews”) or Jacob (who is also named “Israel”) the son of Isaac the son of Abraham (Abraham) and Sara, or descendants of the Tribe of Judah, descended from Judah the son of Jacob.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jews

Ethnic Jews also include Jews who are not Jewish but of Jewish identity in terms of tradition.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jews

The Jewish religion is a combination of religions and tribes.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jews

The Jewish religion is discussed further in the Jewish religion article; this article only discusses in terms of the tribes of the nation.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jews

Belief solely in the Jewish religion does not make a person a Jew.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jews

In addition, not holding to the principles of the Jewish religion does not make a Jew lose his Jewish status.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jews

However, the Jewish definition of the laws of the kingdom of Israel does not include Jews who embrace other religions.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jews

The etymology of the word “Jew” is taken according to one of the twelve ancestors of the Tribe of Israel whose most descended descendants, namely Judah.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jews

Judah is one of the 12 sons of Jacob, a person who lived around the 18th century BC and held the title of Israel.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jews

All derivatives of the 12 sons of Jacob (Israel) were known as the Nation of Israel (direct descendants of Israel) which later developed into the great name as the Tribe of Israel.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

After centuries the Jewish derivation developed into the dominant and majority part of the Nation of Israel, so the Jewish designation refers not only to those of Jewish origin, but refers to all derivatives of Israel (Jacob).


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

In the beginning the Jewish people consisted of only one family group among the many families that lived in the land of Kan'an in the 18th century BC.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

When there was a catastrophic famine in Kan'an, they went foraging to Egypt, which had ample food supplies thanks to the role as well as Joseph.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

Due to Joseph's high standing in the Hyksos Dynasty, Egypt, all members of Jacob's family were well received in Egypt and were even given farmland in the northeastern part of Egypt.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

In the end, all the Israelites, regardless of their citizens or homeland, are also called Jews, and so are all the believers of their religion called the same name.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

Although often claiming themselves to be the heir of the Jacob family (the Israelites), this is often questioned and by various historians, [12] [13] therefore it is difficult to prove biologically that the blood of the “Jews” directly has a lineage as the Israelites.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

As the Samaritan Israelites (the Tenth Tribes of Israel) who were subjected to expulsion by the Assyrian forces and their descendants did not return all to the homeland but rather mingled among the inhabitants of the other nations.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

While the Judean Israelites, who received expulsion in Babylonian and Roman times, had scattered into various peoples by joining themselves to foreign nations so as to lose their identity as the original Israelites even though they had lived in their homeland from the time of Ezra to the time of the Roman emperor Titus.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

Many historians doubt the authenticity of the Jewish race as descendants of the Israelites and agree more with the Zionist nation, [14] because basically anyone of different ethnicities and backgrounds can become a new Jew (proselit).


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

Who is the one who has the right to be called Jewish?


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

Halakha, or Jewish religious laws, gives a Jewish definition to one who: The Jewish tribe, the tribe of the nation is divided into two: [15] A child born to a Jewish father and mother is called a native Jew, a child born to a Jewish father and a mother of another nation, This mixed Jew belongs to the category of Second Class Jew, one who embraces the Jewish religion according to Jewish laws.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

This definition is required by the Talmud, the source of the written Laws describing the Torah, the scripture of the origin of the Jewish laws (the first five books of the Tanakh and the Old Testament).


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

According to the Talmud, this definition was held since the gift of the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai approximately 3,500 years ago to the prophet Moses.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

Non-Orthodox Jewish historians believe that this definition was not followed so that it was not long valid, but he claimed that this definition was used for at least 2,000 years to date.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

By the end of the 20th century, two groups of Jews (especially in the United States) who were liberal in terms of theology, Reformed Jews and Reconstructionist Jews had justified people who did not meet those criteria to call themselves Jews.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

They no longer require people to embrace the religion to fulfill traditional customs, and they consider someone to be Jewish if their mother is not Jewish, as long as they are Jewish.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

Jews are a closed religion.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

Today there are a number of major Jewish groups: Ashkenazim Jews of the Sefardim Jews or “People from the East” anti-Semitism For centuries Jews suffered a lot of Discrimination from Jews in Europe.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

This discrimination against Jews is specifically called antisemitism.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

The peak of this discrimination occurred in World War II, which was when Jews were massacred in Europe by Nazi Germany for being accused of forcibly taking wealth.


Question: where did the Jews come from?

Jew

See also Jews in Indonesia Jewish Religion Khazaria Misrael Tribe Misrael Tribe Yehudek Neturei Karta Reference Outlink Information Jewish Virtual Library Jewish Encyclopedia Organization World Jewish Congress Jewish Agency for Israel Miscellaneous at Curlie


Question: what is the area of spain?

List of countries by area

The following is a list of countries in the world by area of their region.


Question: what is the area of spain?

List of countries by area

The sizes are given in SI metric units.