Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

From 1970 to the 1990s only a few Christian congregations had been approved, but since 1998, liberal practices have taken place.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Since then, independent expert bodies decided on the approval of new religious communities.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The body consisted of professors in the field of law, the field of religious studies and the field of theology and worked under the Ministry of Law, which was deliberately separated from the Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The agency only investigates whether the organization has met basic provisions, such as having a doctrine, creed and veneration, to be referred to as a congregation of faith.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

In 2003, Forn Sed's religious validation caused a public debate.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The lack of central authority of the Church is, in practice, prohibited from having official positions in politics or other matters, because the Church does not have a central body that can determine its attitude: or spiritual leaders (such as archbishops), or central assemblies or synods.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The Bishops had a final opinion on doctrinal questions within the territory of their respective dioceses.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The Queen (in practice the Ecclesiastical Minister) and Parliament are the central bodies, but usually also carry out administrative matters and are abstained to questions of a spiritual nature.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Church law rarely changes, however, if those laws change, then it only impacts only on administrative matters.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

First, the principles are generally believed to warrant a tolerant, non-sectarian church, where parishioners and priests enjoy a high degree of freedom to practice their own interpretation of Lutheran Christianity.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Second, many Danish politicians and theologians claim that only the church-state model will ensure division between politics and religion, as the Church cannot interfere in political matters or even claim to speak with one voice on behalf of its members.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

They played down the term state church and argued that, as its name implies, that is, simply “people's church”.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Article 66 of the Danish Constitution stipulates church regulations must be established by law.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The statement originated in the first Constitution in 1849, but was never implemented.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

It is feared that a split could have occurred if a central authority was formed.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

In some cases, many of the politicians were digressive and out of hand on church doctrinal matters.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Where they did so for the purpose of preventing possible divisions within the church.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The civil registry of the Church of Denmark conducts civil registry of births, deaths, name changes, etc.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Such storage of kirkebøger (“church notebooks”) was a centuries-long tradition, which began at a time when the parish leader was the only representative of government in a rural locality.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

In 2002-2003, the church's record-keeping tradition was replaced with a new electronic national registration system called Personregistrering.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Following protests in 2005, the Minister of Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs, Bertel Haarder, announced that people who for various reasons did not wish to submit registration forms (e.g. birth and naming) to local church offices, could now submit their forms to headquarters located in Nykøbing Falster.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

In 2010, the duty of parents to report the birth of their child was abolished.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Instead, it was decided that in the foreseeable future, such reporting was the duty of midwives to report all births in Denmark (only when a midwife who was not there at the time of the birth of a child is still part of a parent's obligation to report the birth of her child).


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Since 1 December 2014, all registrations must be submitted in digital form whenever possible.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Economic aid Article 4 of the Danish Constitution stipulates that “the Evangelical Lutheran Church is the legitimate and state-supported Danish Church.”


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

On the other hand, Article 68 ensures that citizens are not required to pay private donations to any religion other than their own.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

It has become a question, how the two principles can go together.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Nonmembers do not need to pay church taxes, but state corporations account for about 12% of the Church's revenue.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

This means every citizen, even non-member, contributes an average of 130 krona per year (RM287,189).


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

In addition, bishops are high-ranking officials whose salaries are paid in full by the state.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

In return, certain public duties were performed by the Church, such as performing important record-keeping registrations and managing cemeteries open to all denominations.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Separation of church and state The debate about separation of church and state arises occasionally in Denmark.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The current arrangement is supported by most political parties.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

This has been challenged for decades by left-wingers and by atheist circles; more recently also by some circles adhering to liberal ideology and some members from independent churches.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Advocates for segregation (dissolution) argue the state church violates the equality of religions and the tenets of the secular state.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Advocates for the current system argue that membership is voluntary, that the existence of a state church has ancient historical roots, and the church fulfills certain administrative duties for the state.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

They also argue it will be difficult to decide whether or not church-owned housing should be left to the state.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The former ownership of the Catholic Church passed to the King at the time of the reformation of 1536.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

According to a poll conducted by the free daily MetroXpress in April 2007, as many as 52% hoped to separate church and state, 30% were opposed, and 18% were undecided.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The Minister of Education and Ecclesiastics, Bertel Haarder, opposed the separation: “Church and state will be separated when more than half the population is no longer a member.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

N.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

F.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

S.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Grundtvig said so, and I support that statement.”


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The opposition party, the Social Democrats also opposed the separation, but said there should be much common ground between denominations, perhaps with state enterprises paid to other religious communities having to be approved as well. [20]


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Immigrant groups and Muslim communities are split on the issue, as some argue an official Christianity is preferable to an entirely secular state.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Religious equality exists only in a minority of Western European countries.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Other than Denmark, only the Faroe Islands, Iceland, the United Kingdom, and Greece have an official state church, while Scotland has an officially recognized “national church” that has no connection to the state.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Spain, Portugal, Italy and Austria have official relations with Catholicism (concordat), but this relationship does not include Catholicism which is recognized as the state religion in those countries.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Furthermore, there are varying levels of public funding of the church in Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Norway, Sweden, in most Swiss cantons, and in the Alsace-Moselle region, France.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Similar Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Nordic region Church of Sweden - Svenska kyrkan Church of Norway - Den norske kirke National Church of Iceland - Þjóðkirkjan Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland - Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko (swedish: evangelisk-lutherska kyrkan i Finland) Church of the Islands Faroese - Fólkakirkjan Controversial issues Women's clergy The ordination of women, which has been discussed within the church since the 1920s, has been permitted since 1948, despite hefty resistance from clerics.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The ecclesiastical minister was then contacted by the parish council who wished to employ female priests.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

He decided there was no legal impediment in the matter. [21]


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The first woman to become an ordained bishop in 1995.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Today, two-thirds of theology students are women, and clerics are expected to have numerous female priests in the near future.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

In a small minority of conservatives, resistance to women is still there.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

In 2007, Bishop Viborg, known as a moderate conservative, revealed that he had paid particular attention to priests who opposed the ordination of women.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

He has carried out ordination ceremonies in such a way that the new priest who so hopes to avoid shaking hands with or accepting the laying on of hands from women ordained as priests.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

According to the bishop, such has happened twice in the 100 ordinations he has undertaken.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The issue made headlines amid a debate about Islamic fundamentalist circles who refuse to shake hands with the opposite sex.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The Minister of Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs, Bertel Haarder, said he would discuss the issue with the bishops, but he also expressed respect for those with different views.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Instead, the Minister of Labour, Claus Hjort Frederiksen, thought that the priests concerned should be dismissed, as all public employees were obliged to shake hands with anyone.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Same-sex marriage A poll in 2011 of the Danish public found that as many as 75.8% of Danish citizens approved same-sex marriages performed in church. [22]


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

According to a 2011 survey of 1,137 priests, as many as 62% of them supported same-sex marriage in the Church on an equal basis to heterosexual couples, while 28% opposed same-sex marriage. [23]


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

In 2004, a poll among priests stated that as many as 60% opposed same-sex marriage in the church. [24]


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The initial position of the church Since Denmark approved same-sex civil marriage (civil ties) in 1989, the question of civil marriage blessing in the church arose.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Following an investigation conducted by the Danish National Gay and Lesbian Association in 1993, the bishops formed a commission to decide the stance on the issue.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Such an initial attitude towards civil marriage registration was reached in 1997.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The bishops held that marriage was God's design of the relationship between a man and a woman, but the view of such marriage was incompatible with the fact that some people chose to live together with a person of the same sex with him, which approved by society, that is, civil marriage registration.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The bishops did not consent to inaugurate a new religious ritual, but for couples who wanted a non-ritual sign in church regarding civil marriage they should be obliged.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

In that case, everything depends on the decision of the parish leader who has previously received advice from his bishop. [25]


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

At this time, many churches chose to bless such civil marriages, but the blessing was not included in the legal ceremonies usually performed by mayors or official officials in the city administration. [26]


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Acceptance of same-sex marriages However, on 15 June 2012 the Church of Denmark decided to carry out same-sex marriages and not simply bless those marriages; therefore, currently Denmark recognizes same-sex marriages.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Early in 2012, the Minister of Gender Equality, Ecclesiastical Affairs, and Nordic Cooperation, Manu Sareen, submitted a draft law approving same-sex marriage, then passed by parliament in June 2012. [27]


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The liturgy of marriage has been developed and presented to the parliament of the eleven bishops who approved same-sex marriage in the church. [28]


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Manu Sareen and most bishops at first proposed that such same-sex marriages not be declared 'spouses', but 'life friends' (livsfæller, Danish neologism), but later the minister changed his mind regarding it.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Two conservative organizations within the church, the Inner Mission and the Lutheran Mission, as well as one bishop remain opposed to same-sex marriage. [29]


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

It hinges on each priest's decision whether to carry out such same-sex marriages or refuse.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The first same-sex marriage was held on June 15. [30]


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The process of travelling the inauguration of same-sex marriage in the Church of Denmark began on February 8, 1973, when the 'Provoc Priest', Harald Søbye, executed a same-sex marriage between two men, although not legally recognised, on the advice of a journalist for the newspaper Ekstra Bladet, who announced it as the 'World's First Gay Marriage'.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

On 25 February 1973, Harald Søbye carried out the marriage of another kind, the partner of a fellow woman, in a television program.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The prosecutor later investigated the case, but concluded that the marriage was not illegal.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Søbye had retired in 1964 as a political activist, but remained a tertahbis priest within the church.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Over the course of 15 years, Søbye has carried out 210 same-sex marriage blessings. [31]


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

When Denmark filed for civil marriage in 1989, the issue of same-sex marriage for several years received only scant attention.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Marital blessings from the church slowly gained ground (see above).


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Then, the possibilities against same-sex marriage were still a topic of discussion.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The issue was later raised in an unusual way by Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen in 2004, who said he would approve the change, although he claimed to have argued privately on the issue and not as prime minister.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Views among proponents vary, as to whether such marriages should be referred to as' marriages' or simply 'civil bonds' (registreret partnerskab), currently called same-sex civil marriage.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

In all likelihood, priests will be allowed to decide for themselves whether or not to carry out same-sex marriages, just as well as the right to refuse to re-marry people who have divorced (a policy implemented by a minority of conservative priests).


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The Constitutionality of the controversy has further extended that it is possible to contradict the Danish Constitution; Article 4 of the Danish Constitution states: “The Evangelical Lutheran Church is the legitimate Church of Denmark, and is supported by the state. “[32]


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Article 4 not only establishes the “Folkekirken” (Church of Denmark) as the state church, but also gives certain boundaries as to what a state church is.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

It is compulsory subject to Lutheran Church doctrine and if it does, as claimed by some critics, Lutheran Church doctrine explicitly states that homosexuality is a sin, it violates the constitution allowing for the existence of same-sex marriage in the church country.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The homosexual clerical of gay and lesbian priests is believed to exist and is generally considered a private matter.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The parish council became a central point in selecting and hiring new priests, including interviewing the candidates.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Once employed, the parish priest is a public servant and cannot be dismissed except when the priest neglects his duties, which will ultimately be a decision from the bishop.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

In 2011, a woman priest serving two parishes on a small island was dismissed after a controversy with Agersø parish council, while her neighbouring parish, Omø, supported her.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

He claimed he had been demoted because of his sexuality issues, but the parish council rejected the allegations and mentioned 'cooperation issues' as the cause.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Twenty years ago, she claimed to be a lesbian and one who committed sadomasochism on Swedish TV programs. [33] [34] In 2009, a parish priest in Tingbjerg, a suburb of Copenhagen, moved from her parish to a secret address after a raid on a home pastori (house of the priest's service), his car and in the parish church.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The pastory house is ready for sale.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

According to Avisen.dk, local youths claimed that they bullied him because he publicly claimed to be a homosexual, among other reasons. [35]


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The imam himself denied it was a problem, but instead claimed such attacks were common in 'devastated districts', and the attacks intensified after he spoke publicly about local youth crime. [36]


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The week service was held a few weeks later and was attended by several important figures who supported the priest, including Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen, Minister of Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs Bertel Haarder, and photographer Jacob Holdt. [37]


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Tingbjerg is a public housing area, notorious for its inter-gang violence and the crimes of its prodigies, and the most dangerous district in Copenhagen. [38]


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

Declaration of Dominus Iesus In 2000, the ecumenical department of the Church of Denmark publicly criticized the declaration issued by the Roman Catholic Church Dominus Iesus, which controversially used the term “ecclesiastical community” to refer to Protestant denominations, including churches Lutheran.


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

The Church of Denmark argues that there is a damaging effect on ecumenical relations if one church removes another church's right to be referred to as a Church and that it is only as a destructive act, as well as a Christian discouraging another Christian to referred to as a Christian. [39]


Question: What is the area of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church?

Church of Denmark

See also Sailors Church and Danish Overseas Church of Denmark in Southern Schleswig History of Denmark; for history of the Danish Church Religion in Denmark Religion in Faroe Islands Religion in Greenland Other Nordic National Lutheran Churches Church of the Faroe Islands Evangelical Lutheran Church Finnish Church of Iceland Church of Norway Church of Sweden Notes and reference Category:Error template Webarchive Category:Christianity in Denmark Category:Lutheranism in Europe Category:Country churches


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand (in Maori called Aotearoa (meaning Long White Cloudy Land); English: New Zealand, Latin: Nova Zeelandia) is an island nation in the southwest of the Pacific Ocean; roughly 1,500 kilometres southeast of Australia, across the Tasman Sea; and roughly 1,000 kilometres south of the Pacific island countries, namely New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The country consists of two large islands (North Island and South Island) and several other smaller islands.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Due to its distant location, New Zealand is the last archipelago inhabited by humans.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

During its long isolated period, in New Zealand developed a different biodiversity, whether it's plants or animals.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The most famous are a large number of unique bird species, many of which became extinct after the arrival of humans, and mammals that bore aserta.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

With a temperate nautical climate, mainland New Zealand is mostly covered with forest.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The country's varied topography, and its sharp mountain peaks are strongly influenced by land tectonic bulges, and volcanic eruptions caused by the collision of the Pacific plate and the Indo-Australian plate beneath the Earth's surface.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The Polynesians inhabited New Zealand in 1250—1300 AD, and built a distinct Māori culture, and Europeans began pioneering relations with them in 1642 AD.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The introduction of the potato and the springing rifle had provoked upheaval among fellow Māori Tribes in the early 19th century, leading to intertribal Rifle Warfare.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

In 1840 Britain, and the Māori signed the Treaty of Waitangi which made New Zealand a colony of the British Imperium.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The number of immigrants rose sharply, and various conflicts led to the Warfare of New Zealand, which resulted in the abolition of Māori lands in the middle of the North Island.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Economic malaise was followed by several periods of political reform, with the granting of voting rights to women in the 1890s decade, and a welfare state developed from the decade of the 1930s. After World War II, New Zealand incorporated Australia, and the United States in the ANZUS security treaty, although the United States, until 2010, froze that treaty after New Zealand banned nuclear weaponry.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand is part of intelligence cooperation among English-speaking countries, the UKUSA Agreement.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealanders enjoyed one of the highest living standards in the world in the 1950s decade, but suffered a deep fall in the 1970s decade, exacerbated by the oil crisis and Great Britain's entry into the European Economic Community.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The country then underwent major economic changes in the decade of the 1980s, which transformed it from a protectionistic economy to a liberal free-trade economy.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The market for the export of New Zealand agricultural products has been widely diversified since the decade of the 1970s, with the once dominating wool exports replaced by livestock products, meat, and wine.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The majority of New Zealand's population are descendants of peoples from Europe; indigenous Māori are the largest minority, followed by Asians, and non-Māori Polynesians.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

English, Māori Language, and New Zealand Sign Language are the official languages, with English predominating.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Much of New Zealand's culture is descended from Māori, and early settlers of British-origin.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Early European art was dominated by natural scenery, as well as more minimally centered Māori portraits.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

A new revival of Māori culture has led to their traditional arts in the form of engraving/sculpting, weaving/weaving art, and rajah art becoming more forthcoming.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Many artists now blend Māori, and Western techniques to produce a unique art form.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The country's culture has also expanded through globalization, and has raised immigration figures from the Pacific Islands, and Asia.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand's variegated natural courtyards provide plenty of opportunities for connoisseurs of the outdoors, and have provided the backdrop for a number of big-cost films.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand is a parliamentary democratic country and a territory of the Commonwealth of Great Britain (Commonwealth Realm).


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand is divided into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local administration purposes; this system has a lower degree of autonomy than the defunct provincial system.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Nationally, executive political power is run by the cabinet, which is headed by the prime minister.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state and because of her absence the queen is represented by the governor-general.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The New Zealand realm belonging to the queen is encompassing also Tokelau (an area of dependencies); the Cook Islands and Niue (commanding itself but in free association); and the Ross Dependencies, which are claims of territory in Antarctica.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand is a member of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation, Commonwealth Countries, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Pacific Islands Forum, and the United Nations.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The etymology of Aotearoa (often translated as “long white cloudy land”) [1] is the Māori name for New Zealand, and is also used in New Zealand English.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

It is not known whether Māori had names for all areas of this country before the arrival of Europeans, it is clear that at first Aotearoa referred only to the North Island. [2]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Abel Tasman saw New Zealand in 1642, and called it Staten Landt, with the presumption that the region was connected to the similarly named large landmass at the southern tip of South America. [3]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

In 1645 Dutch cartographers changed its name to Nova Zeelandia, taken from the name of one of the Dutch provinces, Zeeland. [4] [5] British explorer James Cook later exalted the name to “New Zealand”, or New Zealand in Indonesian. [n 1] Māori have several traditional names for two major islands, including Te Ika-a-Māui (Māui fish) for the North Island, and Te Wai Pounamu (greenstone waters) or Te Waka o Aoraki (Aoraki canoe) for the South Island. [6]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Early maps of Europe named the islands North (North Island), Middle (South Island), and South (Stewart Island/Rakiura). [7]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Maps from 1830 began to use North, and South to distinguish the two largest islands, and starting in 1907 this mention began to become a widely accepted rule. [8]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The New Zealand Geographical Agency in 2009 found that the names of the North Island, and the South Island were never formalised, but now planning in that direction is beginning to be carried out. [9]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The agency is also mindful of the corresponding Māori names, [10] with Te Ika-a-Māui and Te Wai Pounamu as the two most likely options according to the head of the Māori Language Commission. [11]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The history of New Zealand is one of the last major landmass settled by humans.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Radiocarbon dating, evidence from deforestation [13] and mitochondrial DNA diversity within Māori populations [14] suspect New Zealand was first inhabited by Eastern Polynesians between the years 1250 to 1300, [6] [15] concluding a series of long journeys through the south Pacific islands . [16]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Over the later centuries these settlers developed a distinct culture known as Māori.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The population split in two into iwi (tribes) and hapū (sub-tribes) that would cooperate, compete, and sometimes battle each other.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

At some periods, a group of Māori migrated to the Chatham Islands (which they called Rēkohu), where they developed a distinct Moriori culture. [17] [18] The Moriori population was drastically reduced between 1835 to 1862, mainly due to assault, and enslavement by Māori, although the diseases that Europeans carriederta also play a role.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

In 1862 only 101 souls survived, and the last known bloody Moriori fully died in 1933. [19]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The first European known to reach New Zealand was the Dutch explorer, Abel Tasman and his crewmen in 1642. [20]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

In a stressful encounter, four crewmen were killed, and at least a Māori was struck by a canister shot. [21]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Europeans did not visit New Zealand again until 1769 when the British explorer, James Cook, charted almost all of his pessies. [20]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

After Cook, New Zealand was visited by several whalers, seals hunters, and European, and North American merchant ships.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

They sold food, metal utensils, weaponry, and other items to acquire rosin, artifacts, water, and sex services. [22]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Potatoes and the springing gun introduced had transformed agriculture, and Māori warfare.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Potatoes provide a reliable surplus of food, which allows for longer, and sustainable, military campaigns. [23]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Inter-tribal rifle warfare had reached 600 battles between 1801 to 1840, and had killed 30,000—40,000 Māori. [24]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

From the early 19th century, Christian missionaries began to settle in New Zealand, and triumphantly changed the beliefs of much of the Māori population. [25]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The Māori population dwindled to 40percent of the state before encounters with Europeans in the 19th century; diseases carried by Europeans have been a major factor. [26]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The Government of Great Britain appointed James Busby as British Resident for New Zealand in 1832 [27] and in 1835, following the announcement of plans for French settlement by Charles de Thierry, the Guild of Tribes in New Zealand vaguely sent the Declaration of Independence New Zealand to King William IV of the United Kingdom to ask for protection. [27]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The unrest broke out, and the doubtful legal standing of the Declaration of Independence had prompted the Colonial Ministry to send Captain William Hobson to establish sovereignty for the British Crown, and negotiate a treaty with the Māori. [28]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The Treaty of Waitangi was first signed in the Bay of Islands on February 6, 1840. [29]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

In response to attempts by the commercially running New Zealand Company to establish self-sustaining settlements in Wellington [30] and the French settlers who “purchased” land at Akaroa, [31] Hobson declared British sovereignty over all New Zealand territories on 21 May 1840, although copies of the Treaty are still in circulation. [32]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

With the signing of the Treaty, and the declatation of sovereignty, the number of immigrants, especially from the United Kingdom, began to increase. [33]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand, originally part of the colony of New South Wales, became a separate crown colony in 1841. [34]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The colony gained representative government in 1852 and the First Parliament in 1854. [35]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

By 1856 the colony was effectively self-commanding, shouldering responsibility for all domestic affairs apart from native policy.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

(Control of the original policy was granted in the mid-decade 1860s.) [35] After noticing that the South Island may be forming a separate colony, prime minister Alfred Domett issued a resolution to move the capital from Auckland to a locality near Cook Strait. [36]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Wellington was chosen on consideration of its harbour, and its centrally located location, with parliament formally segregated there for the first time in 1865.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

As the number of immigrants grew, conflicts over land had sparked the New Zealand Wars in the decades of the 1860s, and 1870s, which led to the alternation of much of Māori land ownership. [37]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

In 1893 the country became the first in the world to grant all women the right to vote [38] and in 1894 pioneered the adoption of compulsory disputes between laborers and the uni. [39]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

In 1907, at the request of the New Zealand Parliament, King Edward VII proclaimed New Zealand a dominion in the environs of the British Imperium, reflecting its status as a self-governing political unit.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

In 1947 the country adopted the Statute of Westminster, which confirmed that the Parliament of the United Kingdom could no longer draft legislation for New Zealand without New Zealand's consent. [35]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand was involved in world affairs, fought together with the British Imperium in World War I and World War II [40] and suffered throughout the Great Depression. [41]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

This depression was the cause for the election of the first labour government and the establishment of a thorough welfare state, and a protectionist economy. [42]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealanders experienced improved well-being after World War II [43] and Māori began to abandon their traditional rural lives, and move to cities for employment. [44]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

A Māori protest movement broke, which criticised Erocentrism and fought for greater recognition of Māori culture and the Treaty of Waitangi. [45]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

In 1975, a Waitangi Tribunal was established to investigate alleged violations of the Treaty of Waitangi, and this tribunal was allowed to investigate historical complaints in 1985. [29]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The government has negotiated various indemnities, and these objections with many iwi, although Māori keeping over the waterfront, and seabed proved controversial in the 2000s decade. New Zealand Government Politics is a constitutional monarchy with parliamentary democracy, [46] although its constitution is not written. [47]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state given the title Queen of New Zealand. [48]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The Queen is represented by a Governor General, [49] who is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister. [50]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The Governor General may exercise the prerogatives of the crown (such as reviewing cases of injustice, and elevating the Council of Ministers (cabinet), ambassadors, and other important public officials) [51] and in rare situations, reserve powers (power to dismiss the Prime Minister, dissolving Parliament, or refusing Royal Assent of a draft law into law). [52]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The powers of the Queen, and the Governor General are limited by constitutional rigidity, and they cannot normally be exercised without the counsel of the Cabinet. [52] [53] The Parliament of New Zealand holds legislative power and consists of the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the House of Representatives People. [53]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Parliament also once included an upper house, the Legislative Council, until this council was abolished in 1950. [53]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The highest position of Parliament is in the Sovereign, and is in England according to the Bill of Rights 1689 and has been ratified as law in New Zealand. [53]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The House of Representatives is democratically elected, and the Government is formed from parties or coalitions that control a majority of seats in the council. [53]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

If no majority is formed, then a minority government can be formed if the support of the other parties at the time of a vote of confidence and willingness is assured.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The Governor General appoints ministers under the advice of the Prime Minister, who by convention is the parliamentary leader of the governing coalition or party. [54]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The Cabinet, composed of ministers, and headed by the Prime Minister, is the highest policy-making body within the government, and is responsible for determining significant government actions. [55]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Under the convention, the members of the cabinet are bound by collective responsibility for all decisions made by the cabinet. [56]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Judges, and judicial officials were appointed non-politically, and under strict rules concerned tenure to help maintain its constitutional-independence from government. [47]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Theoretically, this circumstance allows the judiciary to interpret laws based solely on legislation enacted by Parliament without any other influence upon making decisions. [57]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The Advisory Board in London was the apex appeal court of the country until 2004, when it was replaced by the Supreme Court of New Zealand.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The Judiciary, headed by a Supreme Court Justice, [58] includes the Court of Appeal, the High Court, and its subordinate courts. [47] JMPL|ka|The New Zealand Government's “Beehive” building and Parliament House (right), in Wellington Almost all parliamentary general elections between 1853 until 1853 until 1996 was held under the first past the post voting system (the holder of the most votes was the one who became the winner). [59]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

General elections since 1930 have been dominated by two political parties, the National Party and the Labour Party. [59]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Since 1996, a form of proportional representation called mixed proportional representation (MMP) has been used. [47]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Under the MMP system everyone has two votes; one for 70 constituency seats (including 7 reserved for Māori), [60] and another for parties.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The remaining fifty seats are designated so that representation in parliament reflects the party vote, although a party must win one constituency seat or 5percent of the party's overall vote before that party is eligible for this seat. [61]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Between March 2005, and August 2006 New Zealand became the only country in the world where all of its highest positions (Head of State, Governor General, Prime Minister, Speaker of the House and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court) were all held by women. [62]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand is known as one of the most stable, and very well ruled countries in the world. [63]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

In 2011, the country ranked 5th in terms of strength of its democratic institutions [64] and ranked first in terms of transparency of government, and least corrupt. [65]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand has high citizen turnout, with 79% of voting owners taking part in the most recent general election, compared to the OECD average of 72%.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Furthermore, 67% of New Zealanders said they believed in their political institutions, much higher than the OECD average of 56%. [66]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand's military and international relations in the early colonial period allowed the British Government to determine international trade, and be responsible for foreign policy. [67]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The Imperial Conferences of 1923, and 1926 decided that New Zealand should be allowed to legislate its political treaties, in which a trade treaty with Japan in 1928 became its first success.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Despite this independence, New Zealand sincerely followed Britain in its declaration of war on Germany on September 3, 1939, which was reinforced by Prime Minister Michael Savage's statement, “Where it (Britain) goes, we follow it; where it (Britain) stands, there we stood up. “[68]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

In 1951 the United Kingdom increasingly focused on its interests in Europe, [69] in the meantime New Zealand joined Australia and the United States in the ANZUS security treaty. [70]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The United States' influence on New Zealand weakened after a series of protests regarding the Vietnam War, [71] the United States' refusal to rebuke France after the sinking of the Rainbow Warrior ship, [72] disapproval of environmental, and agricultural issues, and nuclear-free zone policies New Zealand. [73] [74] Although the United States suspended its obligations to ANZUS, the treaty is still influential for New Zealand, and Australia, whose foreign policy follows similar historical trends. [75]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

A close political relationship is still maintained by the two countries, with a free trade agreement (Closer Economic Relations) and visitation regulations allowing citizens of both countries to visit, settle, and work in Australia or New Zealand without restrictions. [76]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Now more than 500,000 New Zealanders are settled in Australia, and conversely 65,000 Australians are settled in New Zealand. [76]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand has a strong tenacity among the countries of the Pacific Islands.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

A large proportion of aid from New Zealand flows to these countries, and many Pacific people migrate to New Zealand for employment. [77]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Permanent migration is regulated in the Samoa Quota Scheme of 1970 and the Pacific Access Category of 2002, allowing up to 1,100 Samoan people, and up to 750 other Pacific Islanders who may become permanent citizens of New Zealand each year.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

A seasonal worker scheme for temporary migration had been introduced in 2007, and in 2009 roughly 8,000 Pacific Islanders worked under this regulation. [78]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand is involved in the Pacific Islands Forum, APEC, and the ASEAN Regional Forum (including the East Asia High Level Conference). [76]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand is also a member of the United Nations, [79] Commonwealth States, [80] OECD [81], and Five Powers Defence Arrangements. [82]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The New Zealand Defence Army has three branches: the New Zealand Navy, the New Zealand Army, and the New Zealand Air Force. [83]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The purpose of New Zealand's national defence is simple, because it is less likely to be attacked directly, [84] even though New Zealand has global integrity.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The country participated in two world wars, with notable campaigns at Gallipoli, Crete, [85] El Alamein [86], and Cassino. [87]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The Gallipoli campaign played an important chapter in nurturing New Zealand's national identity [88] [89] and strengthening the ANZAC tradition with Australia. [90]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

According to Mary Edmond-Paul, “World War I has left scars on New Zealand society, with nearly 18,500 lives killed as a result of the war, more than 41,000 wounded, and others subjected to emotional shocks, beyond combat troops stationed across the ocean as many as 103,000, while the overall population is only a million inhabitants or slightly more than that. “[91]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand also played a key role in the Battle of the River Plate [92] and the air campaign in the Battle of Britain. [93] [94] During World War II, the United States had over 400,000 military personnel stationed in New Zealand. [95]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

In addition to the Vietnam War, and the two world wars, New Zealand also fought in the Korean War, the Second Boer War, [96] the Malaya Emergency, [97] the Gulf War and the Afghan War.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand also plays a role in several regional, and global, peacekeeping missions, such as in Cyprus, Somalia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Sinai, Angola, Cambodia, the Iran—Iraq border, Bougainville, East Timor, and the Solomon Islands. [98]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand also dispatched a unit of army engineers to help rebuild Iraq's infrastructure for a year on the Iraq War.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand ranked 8th in the Centre for Global Development's 2011 Commitment to Development Index, which ranks the world's most developed countries in its dedication to policies that benefit poor countries. [99]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand was seen as the second most peaceful country in the world according to the Global Peacekeeping Index in 2012. [100]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

External local and territorial administration of JMPL|Ka|400px|Natural New Zealand.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Early arrivals from Europe divided New Zealand into several provinces, which enjoyed a high degree of autonomy. [101]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Due to financial pressures, and a desire to consolidate railroads, education, land sales, and other policies, the government then centralized these provinces by abolishing them in 1876. [102]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

As a result, New Zealand now does not have a separate subnational entity.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The existence of these provinces still stands, and is remembered in provincial birthdays [103] and sporting rivalries. [104]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Since 1876, various councils have governed local areas under legislation prescribed by the central government. [101] [105] In 1989, the government reorganized local government into a two-tiered structure, namely regional councils and territorial authorities. [106] 249 municipalities [ 106] which came into existence in 1975 has now been consolidated into 67 territorial authorities, and 11 regional councils. [107]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The role of the regional council is to regulate the “natural environment with special emphasis based on natural resource management”, [106] while territorial authorities are responsible for taking care of waste, and sewage, water, local roads, building licensing, and other local affairs. [108]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Five of the existing territorial councils are in the form of unitary authorities and also act as regional councils. [109]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The territorial authority consists of 13 municipal councils, 53 district councils, and the Chatham Islands Council.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Although officially the Chatham Islands Council is not a unitary authority, it bears many of the functions that a district council used to have. [110]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The realm of New Zealand is one of 16 realms within the commonwealth [111] [112] and consists of New Zealand, Tokelau, the Ross Dependencies, the Cook Islands, and Niue. [112]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The Cook Islands, and Niue are self-governing countries within the joint free association of New Zealand. [113] [114] The New Zealand Parliament cannot legislate for these countries, but with the consent of that country New Zealand can act for affairs overseas, and defense.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Tokelau is a non-governmental territorial that uses the flag, and the national anthem of New Zealand, but is administered by a council of three elders (one each of each Tokelau atoll). [115] [116] The Ross Dependencies are territorial provisors New Zealand in Antarctica, where these dependencies operate the Scott Base research facility. [117]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand citizenship laws treat all parts of New Zealand nature equally, so most people born in New Zealand, the Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau, and Ross Dependencies prior to 2006 were New Zealand citizens.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Additional requirements apply to those born in 2006 or later. [118]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Environment Geography See also: Atlas of New Zealand on Wikimedia Commons ka|JMPL|Mount Taranaki in the North Island.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand consists of two main islands, and a number of smaller islands, located near the centre of the oceanic hemisphere.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The North Island and the South Island are separated by Cook Strait, 22 kilometres wide at its narrowest gap. [119]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Alongside the North Island, and the South Island, the five largest inhabited islands are Stewart Island, Chatham Island, Great Barrier Island (in the Hauraki Gulf), [120] d'Urville Island (in the Marlborough Sounds) [121] and Waiheke Island (approximately 22 kilometers from central Auckland). [122]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The country's islands lie between 29°LS to 53° LS, and 165° BT to 176° BT.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand has a length of (more than 1,600 kilometers longitudinal from north to south) and has a maximum width of 400 kilometers transverse from west to east, [123] with roughly 15,134 kilometres of coastline [124] and a total land area of 268,021 square kilometers [125] Because its far apart outer islands, and its long coastline, the country has abundant marine resources.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Its exclusive Economic Zone, is one of the widest in the world, covering more than 15 times its land area. [126]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The South Island is the largest island in New Zealand, and is divided longitudinal by the Southern Alps in the middle of it. [127]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

There are 18 mountain peaks higher than 3,000 meters above sea level, the highest being Mount Cook/Aoraki at 3,754 kilometers above sea level. [128]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The steep Fiordland mountains, and deep fyords are inscriptions to the great glaciation processes of the ice age on the southwestern edge of the South Island. [129]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The North Island is not very mountainous, but is characterized by many volcanoes. [130]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The highly active Taupo Volcanic Zone has formed a large volcanic plateau, which is punctuated by the highest mountain in the North Island, Mount Ruapehu (2,797 meters above sea level).


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The plateau is also home to the largest lake in the country, Lake Taupo, [131] which is located in the caldera of one of the most active supervolcanos in the world. [132]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The country has a varied topography, and perhaps even its emergencies over many waves, to its dynamic borders, it straddles between the Pacific Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate. [133]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand is part of the Continent of Zealand, a continental fragment, almost half the size of Australia, which gradually sank after separating from the adicontinent of Gondwana. [134]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Approximately 25 million years ago, a shift in plate tectonics began to melt and squeeze the region.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Much of the evidence now located in the Southern Alps was formed by crustal compression on the side of the Alps Fault.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

In others, the plate border involves the subduction of one plate under another, resulting in the Puysegur Trough in the south, the Hikurangi Trough in the east of the North Island, and the Kermadec Trough and Tonga Trough [135] in the far north. [133]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The climate of New Zealand is temperate with average annual temperatures ranging from 10°C in the south to 16°C in the north. [136]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Maksimas and minima ever recorded were 42.4°C in Rangiora, Canterbury and −25.6°C in Ranfurly, Otago. [137]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Conditions vary greatly from region to region, from very wet on the West Coast of the South Island to the almost semi-arid in Central Otago and the Mackenzie Basin in the Canterbury Inland, and subtropical in the North Auckland Peninsula. [138]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Among the seven largest cities, Christchurch is the driest, on average receiving only 640 millimetres of rainfall per year, and Auckland is the wettest, receiving almost double what Christchurch receives. [139]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch all receive an average of 2,000 hours of sun exposure per year.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The southern, and west-southwest parts of the South Island are cooler, and cloudier, with roughly 1,400—1,600 hours of sun exposure per year; the northern, and east-ocean parts of the South Island are the sunniest regions of the country, and receive roughly 2,400—2,500 hours of exposure to rays sun per year. [140]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Biodiversity The geographical remoteness of New Zealand over 80 million years [141] and the biogeography of the island are responsible for the unique species of flora and fauna of the country.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

They have evolved from the wild life of Gondwana or some organism is able to biologically chop by flying itself from shore to shore, swimming, or being carried away by ocean dynamics. [142]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Roughly 82 percent of New Zealand's native vascular herbs [n 2] are endemic, encompassing 1,944 species of 65 genus and one single familia. [143] [145] The two main forest types are forests dominated by broadleaved trees with floating Podocarpaceae, or by Nothofagus in cooler temperate regions. [146]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Another vegetation type is grassland. [147]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Before the arrival of humans, roughly 80 percent of New Zealand's landmass was covered by forests, with only high, wet, unfertile alps, and volcanic areas devoid of trees. [148]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Massive deforestation in New Zealand occurred after humans arrived, with roughly half of the forest vanishing to fire after occupation by the Polynesians. [149]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Most of the remaining forests also shrank after the arrival of the Europeans, due to logging or forest clearing to serve as land for pastoral processing, leaving only 23 percent of the entire land. [150]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The forests are dominated by various birds, and a few predatory mammals have been the cause for some species such as kiwi, kakapo, and takahē evolving into flightless birds. [151]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The arrival of humans, habitat-related changes, and the introduction of Polynesian rats, ferrets, and other mammals led to the extinction of many bird species, including large birds such as the moa and Haast's eagle. [152] [153] Other native animals are represented by reptiles (tuatara, bengsack, and cicak), [154] toads, spiders (katipo), insects (weta), and snails. [155] [156] Some, such as wren, and tuatara, are so unique, that they are called living fossils.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Three species of bats (since their extinction) are three, and only three signs of land mammals were native to New Zealand until 2006 when the discovery of the unique bones of a mole-size land mammal that was 16 million years old. [157] [158] After all, there are enough marine mammals. numerous, with nearly half the world's cetacea (whale, dolphin, and porpoise) and many pinnipeds reported to be contained in New Zealand waters. [159]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

There are many varieties of seabirds in New Zealand, one-third of which are only in the country. [160]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

There are more penguin species found in New Zealand than any other country. [161]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Since the arrival of humans almost half the country's vertebrate species are extinct, including at least 51 types of birds, three types of toads, three types of lizards, one breed of freshwater fish, four types of plants, and one type of bat. [152]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Others are endangered or their numbers are shrinking drastically. [152]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

However, preservers in New Zealand have pioneered several methods to help restore threatened wild life, including island sanctuaries, pest control, wild life translocation, parlors, and ecological island restoration, and selected areas others. [162] [163] [164] [165] According to the Environmental Performance Index of 2012, New Zealand is seen as a “strong manifestation” when it comes to environmental protection, ranking 14th out of 132 countries assessed. [166]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand's economy belongs to the developed world with economic growth rates rivaling Southern Europe in some respects, New Zealand is included in one of the best countries for example on the Human Development Index which puts New Zealand in third.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Exports are the main mainstay of the country's economy so the impact of the world economy will have a direct effect on the country's economic condition.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand has a modern, prosperous, and developed market economy with an estimated gross domestic product (GDP) based on a per capita balance of US$ 28,250. [n 3] New Zealand's unit of currency is the New Zealand Dollar, informally known as the “Kiwi dollar”; it also circulates in the Cook Islands (see Cook Islands Dollar), Niue, Tokelau, and Pitcairn Islands. [170]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand ranked 5th in the Human Development Index in 2011, [171] 4th in The Heritage Foundation's Economic Freedom Index of 2012, [172] and 13th in INSEAD's Global Innovation Index of 2012. [173]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Based on its history, extractive industries have greatly contributed to New Zealand's economy, focusing on seals hunting, whaling, wild linen harvesting, gold breeding, kauri sap collection, and native rosin. [175]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

With the development of sea vessels frozen in the 1880s decade meat, and other livestock produce was exported to Britain, a trade that became the base for strong economic growth in New Zealand. [176]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Great demand for agricultural produce from the United Kingdom, and the United States has helped New Zealanders obtain a higher standard of living than Australia, and Western Europe in the decades of the 1950s, and 1960s. [177] In 1973 New Zealand's export market went into decline when Great Britain joined the European Community [178] and other ballast factors, such as the 1973 oil crisis and the 1979 energy crisis, led to New Zealand's economic meltdown. [179]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The standard of living in New Zealand has fallen to below that of Australia, and Western Europe, and in 1982 New Zealand had the lowest per capita income among developed countries surveyed by the World Bank. [180]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Since 1984, the successor governments in New Zealand dealt with the restructuring of the macro-economy (which was originally known as Rogernomics and later changed to Ruthanasia), rapidly transforming New Zealand from a highly protectionistic economy to a market economy very liberal free. [181] [182] Unemployment numbers peaked above 10 percent in 1991, and 1992, [183] after the 1987 stock market catastrophe, but actually fell to a low of 3.4 percent in 2007 (ranking 5th out of 27 OECD countries compared). [184]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

After all, the global financial crisis has had a huge impact for New Zealand, with GDP shrinking for five consecutive quarters, the longest recession in 30 years, [185] [186] and unemployment rising back to 7% at the end of 2009. [187]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

In May 2012, the general rate of unemployment was in the range of 6.7%; while the rate of unemployment for those aged 15 to 21 was 13.6%. [188]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand experienced a series of “intelligence resource emigration” since the decade of the 1970s [189] that still continues today. [190]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Nearly a quarter of highly skilled workers choose to live across the ocean, especially in Australia, and Britain, occupying the highest proportion among developed countries. [191]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

However, in recent years, there has been an “immigration of intelligence resources” bringing in well-educated professionals from European countries, and developing countries. [192] [193] New Zealand's trade depends heavily on international trade, [194] particularly agricultural produce. [195]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Its export numbers are 24 percent of its production, [124] leaving New Zealand vulnerable to international commodity prices, and the global recession.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Its important export industries are agriculture, horticulture, fishing, forestry, and mining, which account for half the country's exports. [196]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Its main export partners are Australia, the United States, Japan, China, and the United Kingdom. [124]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

On April 7, 2008, New Zealand, and China signed the New Zealand-China Free Trade Agreement, the first agreement China signed with a developed country. [197] [198] The service sector is the largest sector in the country's economy, followed by manufacturing, and construction, and then plantation, and extraction of raw materials. [124]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Tourism plays a significant role in the New Zealand economy, contributing US$ 15.0 billion to New Zealand's overall GDP, and supporting 9.6 percent of the entire workforce in 2010. [199]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

International visitors to New Zealand increased by 3.1percent in the year to October 2010 [200] and are expected to increase at a rate of 2.5 percent per year through 2015. [199]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Wool was once New Zealand's main agricultural export in the late 19th century. [175]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Even in the decade of the 1960s, it supplied more than a third of its total export gains, [175] but since then its price has steadily decreased compared to other commodities [201] and wool is no longer profitable for many farmers. [202]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

In contrast, livestock, and dairy yields increased, with the number of dairy cows increasing to double between 1990 to 2007, [203] being the largest contributor to New Zealand exports. [204]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

From that year until June 2009, milk yields reached 21 percent (US$ 9.1 billion) of total exports, [205] and the largest company in the country, Fonterra, held control of nearly a third of international dairy trade. [206]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Other agricultural exports in 2009 were meat at 13.2 percent, wool at 6.3 percent, fruits at 3.5 percent, and fisheries at 3.3 percent.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The New Zealand wine industry has followed a similar trend of dairy, the number of vineyards doubled in the same period, [207] took over wool exports for the first time in 2007. [208] [209] Infrastructure In 2008, oil, gas, and coal supplied 69 percent New Zealand energy, and the remaining 31 percent is generated from renewable energy, particularly hydroelectric and geothermal power. [210]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand's transportation network includes 93,805 kilometers of roads, worth 23 billion dollars, [211] and 4,128 kilometers of rail lines. [212]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The majority of small towns, and large cities are connected by bus shuttles, although private cars are the largest mode of transportation. [213]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Railways in New Zealand were gazetted in 1993, then bought back by the government in 2004, and are now still state-owned enterprises. [214]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Railways operate across the country, although most transport freight than passengers. [215]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Most overseas visitors arrive via the airstrip [216] and New Zealand has seven international airports, although since February 2011 until now only Auckland and Christchurch International Airports are directly related to other countries than than Australia nor Fiji. [217]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The New Zealand Post Office monopolised telecommunications until 1989 when Telecom New Zealand was established, initially as a state-owned enterprise, and then incorporated in 1990. [218]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Telecom still owns the majority of telecom infrastructure, but competition from other providers is growing stronger. [219]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The United Nations International Telecommunications Union placed New Zealand at 12th in information, and communications infrastructure development, up four levels between 2008 to 2010. [220]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The demographics of New Zealand have a population of about 4 million.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

About 80% of its population is of European derivation.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The Maori are the second largest ethnic group (14.7%).


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Around 1996, and 2001, the number of Asians (6.6%) passed the number of Pacific Islanders (6.5%).


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Christianity is the dominant religion in New Zealand, although nearly 40% of its population has no religion.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The main Christian denominations are Anglican, Presbiteranian, Roman Catholic, and Methodist.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

There are also a number of people who call them Pantecostal and Baptist Churches and also Mormons.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The New Zealand-based Ratana Church has many followers among Maori people.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

According to census results, other minority religions include Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

There are more than 36,000 Muslims in New Zealand most of whom are newcomers, and refugees.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand's population is approximately 4.4 million inhabitants. [221]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand is a predominantly urban area, with 72 percent of the population living in 16 major urban areas, and 53 percent living in Auckland's four largest cities, Christchurch, Wellington, and Hamilton. [222]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Cities in New Zealand generally rank highly in terms of measures of international habitability.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

For example, in 2010 Auckland was ranked the 4th most liveable city in the world and Wellington was ranked 12th in the Mercer version of the Quality of Life Survey. [223]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The life expectancy of a New Zealand baby born in 2008 was 82.4 years for females, and 78.4 years for males. [224]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The infant life expectancy at the time of birth is foreseen to rise from 80 years to 85 years by 2050, and infant mortality is expected to decrease. [225]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand's total fertility rate is at 2.1; it is relatively high for the size of developed countries, and natural births occupy a significant proportion of population growth.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Therefore, it has a young population compared to the most industrialized countries, with 20 percent of New Zealand's population being 14 years old or younger. [226]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

By 2050 New Zealand's population is estimated at 5.3 million people, the median lifespan changes from 36 years to 43 years, and the percentage of people aged 60 or older changes from 18 percent to 29 percent. [225]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Ethnicity and immigration According to the census of 2006; 67.6 percent of the population is known to be of European descent, and 14.6 percent as Māori. [227]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Other major ethnic groups were the Asian nation (9.2 percent) and the Pacific nation (6.9 percent), while 11.1 percent claimed to simply be “New Zealanders” (or similar to it) and 1 percent claimed to be another ethnicity. [228] [n 4] This contradicts data of 1961, when the census reported that the New Zealand population at the time was 92 per cent of European descent, and 7 per cent Māori, with Asian, and Pacific minorities of 1 per cent. [230]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

While the demonym for New Zealanders in English is New Zealander, and the colloquial term “Kiwi” is commonly used by the international community [231] and locals. [232]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

A loanword from the Māori language, Pākehā usually refers to New Zealanders of European descent, although some reject this designation, [233] [234] and some Māori use it to refer to all New Zealand citizens who are not from among Polynesians. [235]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The Māori were the first nation to reach New Zealand, followed by early European arrivals.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Subsequent colonization, was dominated by arrivals from Britain, Ireland, and Australia due to strict policies similar to those of the White Australia Policy. [236]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

There were also significant immigrants from the Netherlands, from Dalmatia, [237] immigration from Italy, and Germany together with non-direct immigration from Europe through Australia, North America, South America, and South Africa. [238]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

After the Great Depression policies were loosened, and migrant diversity grew more and more.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

In 2009—2010, an annual target of approvals of 45,000—50,000 permanent residents had been determined by the New Zealand Immigration Agency—more than one new migrant for every 100 New Zealand residents. [239] 23 percent of New Zealand's population was born across the ocean, the majority of which settled in the Auckland area. [240]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Meanwhile, most still coming from the United Kingdom, and Ireland (29 percent), immigration from East Asia (mostly Mainland China, but with substantial numbers also from Korea, Taiwan, Japan, and Hong Kong) is also growing rapidly. [241]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The number of self-charged international students rose sharply by the end of the 1990s decade, with more than 20,000 people studying in public higher education institutions in 2002. [242]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

English is the most widely spoken language in New Zealand, spoken by 98 percent of the population. [243]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand English is similar to Australian English, and there are many speakers from the northern hemisphere of the Earth who are unable to pronounce this accent. [244].


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The most noticeable difference between New Zealand dialect English, and other dialect English is the shift in short front vowels: the short i sound (as in the kit) becomes somewhat suffused close to the schwa (pepet) sound (e.g. a on comma and about); the short e sound ( as in dress) move towards the short i sound; and the short a sound (as in trap) shifts towards the short e. [245]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Thus, the typical New Zealand pronunciation for the words bad, dead, fish, and chips sounds like bed, did, fush, and chups to people not from New Zealand.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

After World War II, Māori people tried to be hindered by using their own language (te reo Māori) in schools, and workplaces, and Maori was only used as a community language in some remote areas. [246]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The Maori language has recently begun to be re-empowered, [247] [248] was declared one of the official languages of New Zealand in 1987, [249] and was interrupted by 4.1 percent of the population. [243]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

There is now a Māori language deepening school, and two Maori-language television channels, two, and only two national television channels whose main broadcast hours are presented in the Māori language. [250]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Many places are officially named double, Maori names, and English names in recent years.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Samoan is one of the most popular spoken languages in New Zealand (2.3 percent), [n 5] followed by French, Hindi, Yee language, and Northern Chinese. [243] [251] [n 6] New Zealand Sign Language is spoken by nearly 28,000 people, and was made as the second official language in Zealand Only in 2006. [252]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Education and religion Primary, and secondary education are compulsory for children aged 6 to 16, most beginning at the age of 5. [253]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

This compulsory education takes as long as 13 years, and study in state schools is free.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

New Zealand has a literacy rate of 99 percent, [124] and more than half of the population aged 15 to 29 undergo higher education. [253] [n 7] There are five types of government-owned higher education institutions: universities, education colleges, polytechnics, specialist colleges, and wānanga, [254] in addition to private training institutes. [255]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

In the adult population; 14.2 percent held a bachelor's degree or higher; 30.4 percent were secondary qualified (secondary education equivalent); and 22.4 percent were not formally qualified. [256]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

The OECD's International Student Assessment Programme places New Zealand's education system at the 7th best in the world, where students have excellent reading, mathematics and science skills. [257]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

Christianity is the majority religion in New Zealand, although its society is among the most secular in the world. [258]


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

According to the 2006 Census, 55.6 percent of the population professed to be Christians, while another 34.7 percent professed to be religious (an increase from 29.6 percent in 2001) and roughly 4 percent adhered to other faiths. [259] [n 8] The largest Christian denomination existing in New Zealand is Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, and Methodism.


Question: What was the impact of the Battle of Rennell Island in the social sphere?

New Zealand

There are also significant numbers of Christian adherents claiming to be followers of Pentecostal, Baptist, and Mormon streams; as well as the New Zealand-based Ratana church which many Māori people follow.