Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

It's safer because of fewer complaints.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

It is more practical by requiring only one action.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

More effective with the failure rate is very small.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

More economical because it only costs a single action.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

Not putting lives at risk.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

The patient does not need to be hospitalized.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

There is no health risk.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

Disadvantages This procedure is only for couples who have already decided not to have children anymore.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

Must be with surgical measures.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

Have to wear a condom for a few days or weeks until the seminal cells go negative.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

Can't be done with people who still want to have children again.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

Vasectomy without a knife As technology develops, vasectomy is now easier and faster to perform, that is, with a vasectomy without a knife.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

Preoperative Preparation Procedures Shave pubic hair to further guarantee sterislization.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

There is no need to fast before.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

Searching, getting to know, and filsation vas deferens then dicepit with special clamps whose ends are in the form of catut pliers, then injected local anastesi.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

Puncture is performed on the middle line of the scrotum with a twisted and sharp pointed tool to make a small wound which is then widened by about 0.5 cm. Then it will look vas deferens as clay and hard as steel wire.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

The wrapping membrane of the vas deferens is carefully opened.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

Once the wrapper is set aside on the edge, it will appear clear vas deferens that are shiny white like pearls.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

Further carried out occultion of the vas deferens with ligation and resection of a segment of the vas deferens.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

Surgical wound closure.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

Vasectomy requirements Must be voluntarily.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

Got the wife's approval.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

The number of children is sufficient.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

Knowing the consequences of vasectomy.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

The age of the candidate is not less than 30 years.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

The age of the wife is not less than 20 years and not more than 45 years.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

The married couple has a minimum of two children, and the least child must be over two years old.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

See also Recanalization Tubectomy Outlink Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

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Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

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Question: How long is the neutering process?

Vasectomy

Category:Medical terms Category:Reproduction Category:Anatomy


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

Nebkheperure Tutankhamun (sometimes spelled with Tuten-, -amen, -amon) was a Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (reigned 1333 BC - 1324 BC), during the time of the so-called New Kingdom of Egypt.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

His original name, Tutankhaten, means “Jelmaan living Aten”, while Tutankhamun means “Jelmaan lives Amun”.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

In 1922, his tomb was discovered by Howard Carter and since then Tutankhamun became a popular icon of the Ancient Egyptian civilization.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

In February 2010, DNA test results stated that he was the child of Akhenaten (mummy KV55) and his sister/wife (mummy KV35YL), whose name is unknown but positively identified as the mummy “Young Mistress” found on KV35. @ hardy.com Tutankhamun's life was that of a child of Akhenaten (formerly Amenhotep IV) and one of Akhenaten's brothers.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

As a prince, he was known as Tutankhaten.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

He came to power in 1333 BC, at the age of nine or ten, under the reigning name of Tutankhamun.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

His sitter was a woman named Maia, known from her tomb at Saqqara.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

When he became king, he was married to his half-sister, Ankhesenpaaten, who later changed his name to Ankhesenamun.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

They have two daughters.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

A study released in 2011, Revealed that one of her daughters died at 5-6 months of pregnancy whereas the other at 9 months of pregnancy.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

No evidence has been found on any of the mummies of congenital anomalies or a clear cause of her death.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

Reigns Given his age, He may have had very great advisers, namely; General Horemheb, the Ay Wazirs, and Maia, the “Foreman of the Treasury”.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

Horemheb records that the king raised him to be 'landlord' as a hereditary prince to keep the law.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

He also noted his ability to appease the viceroy when his anger flared.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

The death of the last seconds of King Tutankhamun is not recorded in the slightest.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

What caused Tutankhamun's death has been the subject of debate.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

Major research has been carried out in an attempt to find the cause of his death.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

Although there is some speculation that Tutankhamun was murdered, there are also those who argue that his death was caused by an accident.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

A CT scan performed in 2005 showed that his leg was broken and infected not long before his death.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

DNA analysis conducted in 2010 showed the presence of malaria in his system.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

It is believed that the two conditions (malaria and leiomyomata) combined, causing his death.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

Tutankhamun's grave is buried in a tomb relatively small for its status.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

His death probably occurred unexpectedly, before a magnificent royal tomb was completed, so the mummy was buried in a tomb meant for someone else.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

It aims to adhere to the custom of burial seventy days after death.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

The mummy of King Tutankhamun still lies in his tomb in the Valley of the Kings (Valley of the Kings).


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

On November 4, 2007, 85 years after Carter's discovery, the 19-year-old pharaoh's tomb went on display in an underground tomb in Luxor.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

The discovery of the Tomb of Tutankhamun's Existence appears to have faded from the memory of the Ancient Egyptian peoples a short time after his death, and was virtually unknown until 1920.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

His tomb was robbed at least twice in ancient times.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

Based on items taken, and evidence of restoration from the tomb after the intrusion, it appears clear that this robbery took place within a few months, when the king had just been buried.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

The location of the tomb was lost because it had been buried by pieces of stone from the tomb afterwards, either accidentally dumped there or swept away by the flood.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

A few years after that, several huts for workers were built over the entrance of the tomb, they obviously did not know what was underneath.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

When the end of the 20th Dynasty, the Valley of the Kings burials were systematically dismantled.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

However Tutankhamun's burial was ignored, perhaps because the knowledge had been lost, and his name had been forgotten.


Question: When was Tutankhamun born?

Tutankhamun

Outside Category:Kings of Egypt's eighteenth dynasty


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Euthanasia (from Greek: ευθανασία -ευ, eu meaning “good”, and θάνατος, thanatos meaning death) is the practice of uprooting human or animal life through means considered painless or minimally inflicting pain, usually done in a manner give lethal injections.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The rules of law on this issue vary in each country and often change with changes in cultural norms and the availability of medical care or measures.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In some countries, euthanasia is considered legal, whereas in others it is considered unlawful.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Due to the sensitivity of this issue, strict restrictions and procedures are always applied regardless of its legal status.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Euthanasia terminology is reviewed from the point of how it is implemented. When reviewed by the way it is implemented, euthanasia can be divided into three categories, namely aggressive euthanasia, non-aggressive euthanasia, and passive euthanasia.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Aggressive euthanasia, also called active euthanasia, is an intentional act performed by a doctor or other health worker to shorten or end a patient's life.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Aggressive euthanasia can be performed by administration of a lethal compound, either orally or by injection.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

One example of such lethal compounds is cyanide tablets.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Non-aggressive euthanasia, sometimes also called automatic euthanasia (autoeuthanasia) is classed as negative euthanasia, that is, a condition in which a patient refuses expressly and knowingly to receive medical treatment despite knowing that his refusal will shorten or terminate his life.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The refusal was formally filed by making a “codicil” (hand written statement).


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Non aggressive euthanasia is essentially a practice of passive euthanasia at the request of the patient in question.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Passive euthanasia can also be categorized as a negative act of euthanasia that does not use active tools or measures to end a patient's life.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Passive euthanasia is performed by dismissing the provision of medical assistance that could intentionally prolong the patient's life.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Some examples are by not providing oxygen assistance for patients who have difficulty breathing, not giving antibiotics to severe pneumonia, eliminating surgery measures that should be performed to extend the patient's life, or drug administration pain relievers like morphine realized would actually result in death.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The act of passive euthanasia is often carried out in a veiled manner by most hospitals.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Abuse of passive euthanasia can be done by medical personnel as well as families who want the death of a person, for example, as a result of family despair due to the inability to bear the burden of medical expenses.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In some cases of the patient's family who are unlikely to pay medical expenses, there will be a request on the part of the hospital to make a “forced return statement”.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Although ultimately deceased, the patient was expected to die naturally as a medical defensive endeavor.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Euthanasia is reviewed from the perspective of granting permission Reviewed from the perspective of granting permission then euthanasia can be classified into three, namely: Euthanasia beyond the patient's will: a euthanasia act contrary to the patient's desire to stay alive.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

This kind of act of euthanasia can be likened to murder.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Non-voluntary euthanasia: This kind of euthanasia is often the subject of debate and is considered an erroneous act by anyone as well. This happens if someone who is incompetent or not entitled to make a decision such as status is just a guardian of the patient (as in the case of Terri Schiavo).


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

This case has become very controversial because some guardians claim to have the right to make decisions for the patient.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Euthanasia is voluntary: performed on the patient's own consent, but this is also still controversial.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Euthanasia is reviewed from the point of purpose Some of the main purposes of euthanasia are: Mercy killing (mercy killing) Euthanasia of animals Euthanasia based on the help of doctors, this is another form than voluntary aggressive euthanasia The history of euthanasia The origin of the word euthanasia The word euthanasia comes from the Greek “eu” (= good) and “thanatos” (death, death) which when combined means “good death”.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Hippokrates first used this term “euthanasia” in the “Hippokrates oath” written in the time of 400-300 BC.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The oath read: “I will not advise and nor give any lethal drug to anyone despite having been asked for it”.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In the history of English law, common law since 1300 until the time “suicide” or “assisting in the execution of suicide” is not allowed.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Euthanasia in the modern world Since the 19th century, euthanasia has provoked the onset of debate and movement in North America and in Europe In 1828 anti-euthanasia laws began to be enacted in the state of New York, which in some years later were enacted anyway by some states.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

After the Civil War period, some advocates and some doctors supported voluntary euthanasia.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Euthanasia support groups were originally formed in England in 1935 and in America in 1938 which gave their support to the implementation of aggressive euthanasia, although the struggle to legalize euthanasia was not successfully classed in America nor Britain.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In 1937, euthanasia at the recommendation of doctors was legalized in Switzerland insofar as the patient concerned did not benefit from it.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In the same era, American courts rejected several pleas from terminally ill patients and some parents who had disabled children who petitioned euthanasia to doctors as a form of “murder based on mercy”.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In 1939, Nazi Germany committed a controversial act in a euthanasia “program” against children under 3 years old suffering from mental retardation, disability, or other disorders that rendered their lives useless.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

This program is known as Action T4 (“Action T4") which will be applied to children over 3 years old and the decrepit/elderly. [1]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Euthanasia in the period after the world war After the world witnessed Nazi atrocities in committing euthanasia crimes, in the era of 1940 and 1950 there was reduced support for euthanasia, more so against the act of euthanasia that was done unvoluntarily or because caused by a genetic defect.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The practices of euthanasia in the world The practices of euthanasia have been reported in various acts of society [2]: In India it was once practiced a custom to throw old people into the river Ganges.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In Sardinia, a parent was bludgeoned to death by his oldest son.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Uruguay lists the freedom of euthanasia practice in a law that has been in effect since 1933.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In some European countries, the practice of euthanasia is no longer a crime except in Norway which since 1902 treats it as a special crime.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In the United States, specifically in all states, euthanasia is categorized as a crime.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Suicide or allowing himself to be killed is unlawful in the United States.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The only country that can perform acts of euthanasia for its members is the Netherlands.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

A member who has been accepted on certain terms may request euthanasia action upon him.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

There are several United States citizens who are members of it.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In medical practice, active euthanasia is usually never performed, but there may be medical practices that can be classified as passive euthanasia.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Euthanasia by law in various countries So far euthanasia is permitted namely the Netherlands, Belgium and is tolerated in the states of Oregon in America, Colombia [3] and Switzerland and in some countries it is declared a crime such as in Spain, Germany and Denmark [4] The Netherlands On the date 10 April 2001 The Netherlands published a law permitting euthanasia.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

This law was declared effective from April 1, 2002 [5], which made the Netherlands the first country in the world to legalize the practice of euthanasia.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Patients who experience severe and incurable pain, are given the right to end their suffering.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

But it is worth emphasizing, that in the Dutch Book of Criminal Law formally euthanasia and assisted suicide are still maintained as criminal acts.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

A wreath titled “The Slippery Slope of Dutch Euthanasia” in the magazine Human Life International Special Report Number 67, November 1998, page 3 reported that since 1994 every doctor in the Netherlands is possible to perform euthanasia and will not be prosecuted in court provided following several established procedures.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The procedure is to hold a consultation with a peer (not necessarily a specialist) and make a report answering about 50 questions.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Since the end of 1993, the Netherlands has legally regulated the obligation of doctors to report all cases of euthanasia and assisted suicide.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Judicial agencies are always going to properly assess the absence of the procedure.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In 2002, a convention that was 20 years old had been codified by a dutch law, under which a doctor who performed euthanasia on a particular case would not be punished.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Australia The state of Australia, Northern Territory, became the first place in the world with an Act permitting euthanasia and assisted suicide, although this reputation did not last.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In 1995 the Northern Territory received an Act called the “Right of the terminally ill bill” (Act on terminal patient rights).


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The new law was put into practice several times, but in March 1997 was dispensed with by decision of the Australian Senate, so it had to be retracted.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The Belgian Parliament has legalized the euthanasia act at the end of September 2002.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Euthanasia advocates state that thousands of euthanasia acts annually have been carried out since the legalization of euthanasia in this country, but they also criticize the difficulty of implementing this euthanasia procedure so that there is an impression there is an attempt to create a “bureaucracy death”.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Belgium is now the third country to legalize euthanasia (after the Netherlands and the American state of Oregon).


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Senator Philippe Mahoux, from the socialist party which is one of the constituents of the draft law states that a patient who suffers bodily and psychologically is a person who has the full right to decide his survival and determination of the moments end of his life. [6]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

American Euthanasia is aggressively declared illegal in many states in America.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Currently the only state in America whose law explicitly allows terminal patients (patients who are no longer likely to be cured) to end their lives is the state of Oregon, which in 1997 legalized the possibility of euthanasia by enacting the law about a deserved death (Oregon Death with Dignity Act) [7].


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

But this law concerns only assisted suicide, not euthanasia.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The required conditions are quite strict, where terminal patients 18 years of age and older may ask for assistance to commit suicide, if they are expected to die within six months and this wish must be submitted up to three times the patient, where twice orally (with a grace of 15 days in between) and once in writing (attended by two witnesses in which one of the witnesses must not have a family relationship with the patient).


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The second doctor must confirm the diagnosis of the disease and prognosis as well as ensure that the patient in making that decision is not in a state of mental impairment.The law also rules expressly that the patient's decision to end his life should not have any effect on insurance he has both health, life and accident insurance or also his old age deposit.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

It is not yet clear whether this Oregon law can be sustained in the future, because in the U.S. Senate there is an attempt to negate this state law.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

It may be that later the fate is the same as the Northern Territory Act in Australia.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Last February a study published on the implementation of the Oregon Law during 1999. [8] [9] A well-known poll institute, Poling Gallup (Gallup Poll) showed that 60% of Americans support euthanasia [10] Indonesia Based on the laws in Indonesia, then euthanasia is a matter of action against the law, it can be seen in the existing statutory regulation which is in Article 344 of the Book of Criminal Law which states that “Whoever takes away another person's life at the request of the person himself, which he mentions manifestly and solemnly, punishable by imprisonment for ever 12 years”.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Also so it appears on the setting of articles 338, 340, 345, and 359 of the Criminal Code which can also be said to fulfill the delic elements in the euthanasia deed.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Thus, formally the applicable law in our country does not permit acts of euthanasia by anyone.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Chairman of the General Board of Indonesian Doctors' Association (IDI) Farid Anfasal Moeloek in a statement published by Tempo magazine Tuesday 5 October 2004 [11] stated that: Euthanasia or “murder without suffering” until now is not acceptable in the values and norms that evolve in Indonesian society.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

“Euthanasia until now is not in accordance with the ethics professed by the nation and violates the positive law that still applies namely the Criminal Code.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Switzerland In Switzerland, lethal drugs can be given either to Swiss citizens or foreigners if the concerned requests it himself.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In general, article 115 of the Swiss Book of Criminal Law, written in 1937 and used since 1942, in essence states that “assisting a suicide is an act against the law if the motivation is solely for the benefit of yourself.”


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Article 115 is simply interpreting a permission to do a grouping of drugs that can be used to end a person's life.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

United Kingdom On November 5, 2006, the United Kingdom's Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists submitted a proposal to the Nuffield Bioethics Council (Nuffield Council on Bioethics) to consider permission to euthanasia against babies born with disabilities (disabled newborns).


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The proposal is not aimed at legalizing euthanasia in the UK but merely to invoke it to be considered carefully in terms of the factor of “the possibility of life of the baby” as a legitimacy of the practice of medicine.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

But until now euthanasia is still an act against the law in the British empire as well as in Europe (other than the Netherlands).


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Similarly the official policy of the British Medical Association (BMA) which expressly opposes euthanasia in any form as well. [12]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Japan does not have a rule of law governing euthanasia as well as the Supreme Court of Japan (supreme court of Japan) has never governed the euthanasia.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

There are 2 cases of euthanasia that have occurred in Japan, namely in Nagoya in 1962 which can be categorized as “passive euthanasia” ( Active euthanasia "(的安, sekkyokuteki anrakushi) The judges' decisions in both cases have established a legal framework and a correcting reason on which active and passive euthanasia may be performed legally.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Nonetheless euthanasia performed other than in both cases is nonetheless declared against the law, where the doctor who performs it will be found guilty by for depriving his patient's life.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Because the decision of this court is still appealed to the federal level, the decision does not have the force of law as a jurisprudence, but despite this time Japan has a temporary legal framework to carry out euthanasia.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Czech Republic In the Czech Republic euthania was declared an act of murder under the rules after the article regarding euthanasia was excluded from the draft Book of Criminal Law.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Earlier on the draft, Prime Minister Jiri Pospíšil intended to include euthanasia in the draft Criminal Code as a crime with a criminal threat for 6 years in prison, but the House of Constitutional Representatives and the country's legal committee recommended that The controversial article was removed from the draft. [14]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

India In India euthanasia is an act against the law.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The rules regarding the prohibition of euthanasia against doctors are expressly stated in the first chapter of article 300 of the Indian Criminal Law Statute Book (Indian Penal Code-IPC) of 1860.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

But under those rules doctors who perform euthanasia are only found guilty of negligence resulting in death instead of manslaughter whose punishment is based on the provisions of article 304 of the IPC, but this is merely enforced against cases of voluntary euthanasia where cipatasient It is himself who wants a death where the doctor is merely assisting with the implementation of said euthanasia (euthanasia aid).


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In cases of non-voluntary euthanasia (at the whim of others) or euthanasia beyond the patient's will will be subject to penalties under article 92 of the IPC. [15]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

China In China, euthanasia is not currently legally permitted.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Euthansia is known to have occurred the first time in 1986, where a named “Wang Mingcheng” asked a doctor to perform euthanasia on his sick mother.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Eventually the police arrested him as well the doctor who carried out his request, but 6 years later the supreme people's court (Supreme People's Court) declared them innocent.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In 2003, Wang Mingcheng suffered from stomach cancer that there was no possibility to cure again and he asked to do euthanasia on him but was rejected by the hospital treating him.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Eventually he passed away in pain. [16]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

South Africa In South Africa there has not been a rule of law that expressly regulates euthanasia so it is possible for the perpetrators of euthanasia to be embroiled from the existing legal noose. [17]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

There has not been a strict rule of law governing euthanasia in Korea, but there has been a legal precedent (jurisprudence) in Korea known as the “Boramae hospital case” in which two indicted doctors allowed the discontinuation of medical treatment of a patient who suffered from cirrhosis of the liver (liver cirrhosis) at the insistence of his family.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The police then handed the file on the case to the prosecution by being given a note that the doctor should have been levelled innocent.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

However this case shows no real relevance to mercy killing in the sense of the word active euthanasia.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In the end, the court ruled that “in certain cases of termination of medical treatment (hospital treatment) including passive euthanasia, it is permissible if a terminal patient requests termination of medical treatment against him. [18]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Euthanasia according to religious teachings In the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church Since the mid-20th century, the Catholic Church has struggled to provide as clear guidelines as possible regarding the treatment of those suffering from incurable pain, with respect to the church's moral teachings regarding euthanasia and life support systems.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Pope Pius XII, who was not only a witness and condemned the Nazi programs of ethetics and euthanasia, but also a witness to the start of modern systems of life support, was the first to clearly outline these moral issues and set guidelines.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

On 5 May 1980, the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith has published a Decalaration on euthanasia (“Declaratio de euthanasia”) [19] outlining these guidelines further, particularly with the increasing complexity of life-support systems and the incessant promotion of euthanasia as a legitimate means to end a life.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Pope John Paul II, concerned by the growing practice of euthanasia, in his encyclical of the Gospel of Life (Evangelium Vitae) number 64 which warns us against “the most alarming symptoms of a `culture of death' in which numbers of elderly and infirm people are increased is considered a distracting burden.”


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Pope John Paul II also asserted that euthanasia is an act of erroneous mercy, pseudo mercy: “True mercy encourages to take part in the suffering of others.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

That mercy does not kill people, whose suffering we cannot bear” (Evangelium Vitae, number 66) [20] [21] In the teachings of Hinduism The Hindu view towards euthanasia is based on teachings about karma, moksa and ahimsa.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Karma is a pure consecration of all kinds of wills and intentions of deeds, good and bad, born or bathin with thoughts of words or actions.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

As the continuous accumulation of bad “karma” is a barrier to “moksa” which is a freedom from the cycle of reincarnation which is the main goal of the adherents of Hinduism.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Ahimsa is the principle of “anti-violence” or abstinence hurts anyone too.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Suicide is a forbidden act in Hindu teaching with the thought that it can be a disturbing factor at the time of reincarnation because it generates bad “karma”.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Human life is an invaluable opportunity to achieve a better level in life again.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Based on the beliefs of Hindus, if a person commits suicide, then his spirit will not go to hell or heaven but remain in the mortal world as an evil spirit and travel aimlessly until he reaches the time in which he should live life (Note: e.g. he was 17 years old and supposedly he was destined to live up to 60 years then 43 years old that's his spirit ventured without purpose), after that then his spirit went to hell receiving a heavier punishment and eventually he would return to the world in his life again (reincarnation) for completed his previous “karma” which he had not finished back again from the beginning. [22]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In Buddhism Buddhism, Buddhism emphasizes the meaning of life in which avoidance of killing living beings is one of the morals in Buddhism.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Based on the foregoing it seems clear that euthanasia is something that cannot be justified in the teachings of Buddhism.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In addition to this, Buddhism places great emphasis on “compassion” (“karuna”) Accelerating one's death unnaturally is a violation of the main commandment of Buddhist teachings which can thus be negative “karma” to anyone involved in decision making to destroy the person's life. [23]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In Islam Islam teachings recognize a person's right to live and die, but that right is God's gift to man.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Only God can determine when a person is born and when he dies (QS 22:66; 2:243).


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Suicide is therefore forbidden in Islamic law even though no text in the Quran nor the Hadith explicitly forbids suicide.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Nevertheless, there is a verse that implies this: “And spend it in the way of Allah, and do not plunge yourselves into perdition, and do good, for indeed Allah loves those who do good.”


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

(QS 2:195), and in another verse it is mentioned, “Thou shalt not kill yourselves,” (QS 4:29), whose direct meaning is “Thou shalt not kill each other.”


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Thus, a Muslim (doctor) who kills another Muslim (patient) is equated with killing himself. [24]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Euthanasia in Islamic teachings is called qatl ar-rahmah or taisir al-maut (euthanasia), that is, an act of facilitating one's death intentionally without feeling pain, out of compassion, with the aim of alleviating the suffering of the sick, both in positive and negative ways.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

At the first conference on Islamic medicine in Kuwait in 1981, it was stated that there is no reason justifying euthanasia or mercy killing for any reason. [25]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Positive euthanasia is the act of facilitating the death of the sick—out of affection—performed by the doctor using instruments (tools).


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Easing the process of active death (positive euthanasia) is not allowed by term'.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

For in this act a doctor performs an active act with the aim of killing the sick and hastening his death through overdosing medication and this includes killing that is illegitimate, even including the grave sin of destruction.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Such a deed is included in the category of murder although what drives it is pity for the sick and to relieve his suffering.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

For after all the doctor is not more loving and compassionate than the one who created him.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Therefore submit the matter to Allah Ta'ala, for he is the one who gives life to man and revokes it when He has come to death. [26]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Negative euthanasia Negative euthanasia is called taisir al-maut al-munfa'il.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In negative euthanasia is not used any active tools or measures to end the life of the sick, but he is simply left without treatment to prolong his life.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

This is based on the doctor's belief that the treatment done is pointless and gives no hope to the sick, according to sunnatullah (God's law against the universe) and the law of cause-and-effect.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Among the problems that have been well known among scholars is that treating or treating the disease is not mandatory according to the number of fuqaha and the priests of the madhab.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Even according to them, this treatment or treatment only revolves around the law of ease.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In this case, only a small group obligated it as said by the companions of Imam Shafi'i and Imam Ahmad as stated by Shaykhul Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, and some scholars consider it mustahab (Sunnah). [27]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In the teachings of the Orthodox Church in the teachings of the Orthodox Church, the church constantly accompanies the faithful from birth to the entire journey of their life to death and the afterlife with prayer, tributes/rituals, sacraments, sermons, teaching and love, faith and hope.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The whole life until death itself is a unity with ecclesiastical life.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Death is something bad as a symbol of opposition to God-given life.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The Orthodox Church has a very strong establishment against pro-life principles and therefore opposes euthanasia recommendations. [28]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In Jewish teachings Jewish teachings prohibit euthanasia in various forms and classifies it into “murder”.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

A person's life is not his anymore but the property of God who gave him life as the real owner of life.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Although the goal is noble though, an act of mercy killing is a crime in the form of intervening against God's authority. [29]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The basis of this prohibition can be found in the Book of Genesis in the Old Testament Bible Kej 1:9 which reads: “But concerning your blood, your life, I will demand the recompense; of all animals I will demand it, and of every man I will demand the life of my fellow man”. [30]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The author of the book: Haktav V'hakaballah explains that this verse refers to the prohibition of the act of euthanasia. [31]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In Protestant teachings the Protestant Church consists of various denominations which have different approaches in their views towards euthanasia and one who assists in the implementation of euthanasia.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Some of the views of the various denominations for example: [32] The Methodist Church (United Methodist church) in its teaching book states that: "the use of medical technology to extend the life of terminal patients requires an accountable decision about until when the life-supporting equipment can really support the patient's life opportunities, and when the ultimate limit of life opportunities”.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The Lutheran Church in America classifies artificial nutrition and hydration as a medical treatment that is not a fundamental treatment.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In cases where such medical treatment becomes futile and burdensome, then it can be morally responsible terminated or cancelled and allow death to occur.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

A Christian believes that they are in a unique position to release the gift of life from God because they believe that the death of the body is the beginning of the journey to a better life.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Furthermore, Catholic and Protestant church leaders acknowledge that if this act of ending life is legalized it means a forgiving act of sin, and in the future is a poison for the world of health care, wiping out their hopes for treatment.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Since the beginning, the way that Christians take in response to the problem of “suicide” and “mercy killing” is from the point of “holiness of life” as a gift of God.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Ending a life for any reason also is contrary to the intent and purpose of the gift.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Some interesting cases Hasan Kusuma - Indonesia A petition for euthanasia on October 22, 2004 was filed by a husband named Hassan Kusuma because he couldn't bear to witness his wife named Agian Isna Nauli, 33 years old, was in a coma for 2 months and in aside that the inability to bear the burden of care costs is a reason anyway.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The application to perform euthanasia was submitted to the Central Jakarta District Court.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

This case is one example of a form of euthanasia that is beyond the wishes of the patient.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

This application was eventually rejected by the Central Jakarta District Court, and after a course of intensive care the patient's last condition (7 January 2005) has progressed in his health recovery. [33]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The case of a New Jersey woman - U.S. A 21-year-old female from New Jersey, United States, on April 21, 1975 was hospitalized using a breathing apparatus due to loss of consciousness due to the use of alcohol and psychotropic substances Excessive.Because they do not bear to see the suffering of the child, then his parents asked that the doctor stop the use of the breathing apparatus.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The case of this application was then taken to court, and at the court of first instance the patient's parental application was rejected, but on the court of appeal the application was granted so that the aids were released on 31 March 1976.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

After cessation of the use of these aids, the patient can breathe spontaneously even if he is still in a coma.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

And only nine years later, exactly on June 12, 1985, the patient died as a result of a lung infection (pneumonia).


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Terri Schiavo case Terri Schiavo (age 41) died in the state of Florida, 13 days after the Supreme Court of America gave permission to revoke the feeding tube that has allowed patients in this coma to still live.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Her coma began in 1990 when Terri fell in her home and was found by her husband, Michael Schiavo, in a state of heart failure.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

After the medical team ambulance was immediately called, Terri was able to be resuscitated again, but because she was not breathing for long enough, she suffered heavy brain damage, resulting from lack of oxygen.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

According to medical circles, heart failure was caused by an imbalance of potassium elements in his body.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Therefore, his doctor was later accused of malapractice and had to pay substantial damages for being judged negligent in not finding these endangering conditions in his patients.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

After Terri Schiavo for 8 years was in a coma, then in May 1998 her husband named Michael Schiavo applied to the court that the food aid pipe on his wife could be removed so that his wife could die quietly, but Terri Schiavo's parents i.e. Robert and Mary Schindler expressed reservations and took legal steps to oppose the intention of their daughter-in-law.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Twice Terri's food pipe was released with court permission, but after a few days had to be reassembled by order of a higher judge.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

When the judge finally ruled that the food pipe should be released, Schindler family advocates made efforts to move the United States Senate into creating a law ordering federal courts to review the judge's decision.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The legislation was directly endorsed by the United States House of Representatives and signed by President George Walker Bush.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

But, by law in America the judicial power is independent, which in the end turns out that the federal judge justifies the decision of the previous judge.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Dr. Jack Kevorkian's “Doctor Death” case was nicknamed “Doctor Death”, as Lori A. Roscoe reported [34].


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In early April 1998, at Glendale Advent Medical Center [35], California it was alleged that dozens of patients had been “helped” by Kevorkian to end life.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Kevorkian argued what he did solely for the sake of “helping” his patients.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

However, his opposers called what he did was murder.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Boramae hospital case - Korea In 2002, there was a 68-year-old female patient diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Three months after being admitted, a doctor surnamed Park, 30 years old, had pulled out a respirator at the request of the patient's daughter.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In December 2002, the deceased boy asked the police to examine his elder sister along with two doctors on charges of murder.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

A doctor named dr. Park said that the patient had previously asked not to be fitted with the breathing apparatus.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

One week before his death, the patient was suffering from cirrhosis of the liver that had reached its final stage, and doctors said that although the respirator was not torn off, it was likely to only survive for 24 hours. [36]


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

BBC Case A Swiss citizen of medically assisted suicide or euthanasia.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Witnessed by his family, he guzzled lethal drugs at one clinic in Switzerland.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The process towards that death, broadcast by BBC television.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Controversy was disturbing.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The man's name is 71-year-old Peter Smedley and is in severe pain that is unlikely to be cured again.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The owner of this hotel also decided to end the suffering by taking lethal drugs.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The intention could be accomplished because in his country, Switzerland, euthanasia is not prohibited.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

He also asked a doctor in one click named Dignitas to give lethal drugs, barbituates.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Somehow he gave permission to Sir Terry Pratchett, host of Terry Pratchett: Choosing To Die, to record his final moments while drinking poison.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

It happened just before Christmas last year.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In images aired on the BBC, the patient, Smedley, was accompanied by doctors from the clinic and his wife Christine.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Within seconds, he died in his chair.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Soon after that impressions, heated debate emerged on Twitter, other social media as well as print media leading the BBC to be dubbed the 'cheerleading' of euthanasia.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Residents also wrote their complaint to Director General Mark Thompson and BBC Chief Lord Patten regarding the event.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Residents deemed this event 'inappropriate'.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Charity, political and religious groups joined in declaring this event 'propaganda' euthanasia.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In the lawsuit, it says, “Airing the death of a patient on a show for the sake of entertainment, the BBC must have a compelling reason”.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Baroness Campbell of Surbiton, Baroness Finlay of Llandaff, Lord Alton of Liverpool and Lord Charlie of Berriew said the BBC was airing this event in support of assisted suicide.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

As a result, almost 900 residents made a formal complaint on the BBC over the programme.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The BBC spokesman added: “Related to this event, we've had 82 appreciations and 162 complaints, the total complaints being 898".


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Media regulator Ofcom itself admitted as quoted by Dailymail, the BBC got 'many' complaints. [37] [38] See also Action T4 Law Medicine Case Aruna Shanbaug Principle due to double Footnote CS1 library list maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Appel, Jacob. 2007.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

A Suicide Right for the Mentally Ill?


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

A Swiss Case Opens a New Debate.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Hastings Center Report, Vol. 37, Nos. 3.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Battin, Margaret P., Rhodes, Rosamond, and Silvers, Anita, eds. Physician assisted suicide: expanding the debate.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

NY: Routledge, 1998.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Dworkin, R. M. Life's Dominion: An Argument About Abortion, Euthanasia, and Individual Freedom.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

New York: Knopf, 1993.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Emanuel, Ezekiel J. 2004.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

“The history of euthanasia debates in the United States and Britain” in Death and Dying: a reader, edited by T. A. Shannon.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Fletcher, Joseph F. 1954.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Morals and medicine; the moral problems of: the patient's right to know the truth, contraception, artificial insemination, sterilization, euthanasia.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link) Kamisar, Yale. 1977.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Some non-religious views against proposed 'mercy-killing' legislation.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In Death, Dying, and Euthanasia, edited by D. J. Horan and D. Mall. Washington: University Publications of America.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Original edition, Minnesota Law Review 42:6 (May 1958).


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Kelly, Gerald.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

“The duty of using artificial means of preserving life” in Theological Studies (11:203-220), 1950.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Kopelman, Loretta M., DeVille, Kenneth A., eds. Physician-assisted suicide: What are the issues?


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

(e.g., Engelhardt on secular bioethics) Magnusson, Roger S.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

“The sanctity of life and the right to die: social and jurisprudential aspects of the euthanasia debate in Australia and the United States” in Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal (6:1), January 1997.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Palmer, “Dr. Adams' Trial for Murder” in The Criminal Law Review.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

(Reporting on R. v. Adams with Devlin J. at 375f.) 365-377, 1957.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Panicola, Michael. 2004.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Catholic teaching on prolonging life: setting the record straight.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In Death and Dying: a reader, edited by T. A. Shannon.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

PCSEPMBBR, United States.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. 1983.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Deciding to forego life-sustaining treatment: a report on the ethical, medical, and legal issues in treatment decisions.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Washington, D.C.: President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research: For sale by the Supt. of Docs. U.S. G.P.O. Rachels, James.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The End of Life: Euthanasia and Morality.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Robertson, John. 1977.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Involuntary euthanasia of defective newborns: a legal analysis.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

In Death, Dying, and Euthanasia, edited by D. J. Horan and D. Mall. Washington: University Publications of America.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Original edition, Stanford Law Review 27 (1975) 213-269.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Sacred congregation for the doctrine of the faith. 1980.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

The declaration on euthanasia.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Vatican City: The Vatican.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Stone, T. Howard, and Winslade, William J. “Physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia in the United States” in Journal of Legal Medicine (16:481-507), December 1995.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Outlinks - various religious views on euthanasia - a UK site that looks at the issues, case studies and ethical and Christian responses - many views of euthanasia, for, against, and religious, from the BBC - “Should euthanasia be legal?”


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

- Pros, cons, history, laws, polls, and biographies of key players in debate - Analysis of public opinion and policy alternatives from Public Agenda Online - FAQ brochures explaining Dutch policy on euthanasia (in English) - Information on Dutch euthanasia legislation (in English) international information on voluntary euthanasia, assisted suicide, and self-deliverance provides guides to self-deliverance for the terminally and hopelessly ill to end their suffering - provides education, support and advocacy for the choice-in-dying movement - leading campaigning organisation promoting patient choice at the end of life - Presents pro-choice arguments from a Biblical perspective.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

- Atheist Foundation of Australia Inc Dr Philip Nitschke - (Australian) Euthanasia law reform advocacy website, currently based in New Zealand.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

- Roger Graham.


Question: when did humans first perform cloning of animals?

Euthanasia

Founder of Assisted Euthanasia Society of Paradise (AESOP), expelled from Cambodia for proposing Euthanasia Tourism, advocate for a Compassionate Law, an activist for Euthanasia since 1971. (the disability rights group opposing Assisted Suicide) - Care, NOT Killing: a UK alliance promoting palliative care, opposing euthanasia and assisted suicide - many resources Category:Death Category:Medical ethics Category:Legal medicine Category:Leading Issues in Ethics


Question: Who is Tim Mahoney?

311 (band)

311 is a musical group originating in Nebraska, USA. 311, which first performed as Fugazi's opening band. It consists of Nic Hexum, SA Martinez, Tim Mahoney, Chad Sexton, and P-Nut. 311 first issued its album under the record company in 1993.


Question: Who is Tim Mahoney?

311 (band)

Until 2006 they had already issued 8 albums namely Music (1993), Grassroots (1994), 311 (1996), Transistor (1997), From Chaos (2001), Evolver (2003), Greatest Hits (2004) and Don't Tread On Me (2005).


Question: Who is Tim Mahoney?

311 (band)

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Question: Who is Tim Mahoney?

311 (band)

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Question: Who is Tim Mahoney?

311 (band)

Category:Music groups of the United States


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

The emperors of the Han dynasty were the supreme heads of government in the second Chinese imperial dynasty; the Han dynasty (202 BC — 220 AD) overtook the Qin dynasty (221—206 BC) and preceded the Three Kingdoms (220—265 AD).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

That era is conventionally divided between the Western Han (202 BC — 9 AD) and Eastern Han (25—220 AD) periods.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

The Han dynasty was founded by a peasant rebel leader (Liu Bang), posthumously known as Emperor Gao (reigned 202 —195 BC) or Gaodi.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

The longest-serving emperor of the dynasty was Emperor Wu (reigned 141—87 BC), or Wudi, who reigned for 54 years.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

The dynasty was briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty of the former king-holder Wang Mang, but he was dethroned in 23 AD and the Han dynasty was re-established by Liu Xiu, posthumously known as Emperor Guangwu (reigned 25—57 AD), or Guangwu Di. [2]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

The last Han emperor, Emperor Xian (reigned 189—220 AD), was a puppet ruler of Chancellor Cao Cao (155—220 AD), who dominated the palace and became King of Wei. [3]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

In AD 220, Cao's son, Pi, deprived him of his throne as Emperor Wen of Wei (reigned AD 220—226) and ended the Han dynasty.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

The emperor is the supreme head of government. [4]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

He inducted all the highest-ranking officials in the central, provincial, commanding, and district governments. [5]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

He also functioned as lawgiver, high court judge, chief commander of the armed forces, and high chaplain of state-supported religious worship. [6]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

JMPL Emperor naming convention|A bronze handle (with red pigment) in the shape of a dragon's head, made in Eastern Han times; depending on the circumstances, the dragon may become a symbol of good tau bad circumstances for the Han emperors. [7]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

In ancient China, the rulers of the Shang (s. 1600 — s. 1050 BC) and Zhou (s. 1050 — 256 BC) dynasties were referred to as kings (王wang). [8]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

During the Zhou dynasty, they were also referred to as Heavenly Sons (天子 Tianzi). [8]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

In 221 BC, the King of Qin, Ying Zheng, seized and unified the entire Warring States in ancient China.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

In order to elevate himself jaaid the king of Shang and Zhou, he received the title of new emperor () and became known as the First Emperor of Qin (Qin Shi Huang).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

The new title of emperor was created by combining the titles of the Three Kings (Sanhuang) and Five Emperors (Wudi) from Chinese mythology. [9]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

The title was worn by every successor ruler of China until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911. [10]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Posthumous name, temple and era From Shang dynasty to Sui dynasty (581—618 BC).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Chinese rulers (both kings and emperors) are referred to by their posthumous names in various records and historical texts. [10]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

The names of the temples, which were originally used during the reign of Emperor Jing of Han (reigned 157—141 BC), are specifically used in records and historical texts of the later times when referring to the emperors who ruled during the Tang dynasty (618—907 AD), Song (960— 1279 AD), and Yuan (1271—1368 AD). [10]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

During the Ming (1368—1644 AD) and Qing (1644—1911 AD) dynasties, a single era name was used for each emperor's reign and became a way to mention the Ming and Qing emperors in historical texts. [11]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

The official use of era names was adopted during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han (reigned 141—87 BC), so that its origin can be further assessed.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

The oldest method of the years of recording—which has existed since the time of Shang—makes the first year of a ruler's reign as year one. [12]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

When an emperor dies, the first year of a new reign will begin. [13]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

This system was changed in the 4th century BC when the first year of the new reign did not begin until the first day of the Chinese New Year after a ruler died. [14]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

As Duke Huiwen of Qin held the title of king in 324 BC, he changed the count of years from his reign back to the first year. [14]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

For the calendar newly adopted in 163 BC, Emperor Wen of Han (reigned 180—157 BC) also devised a tally of years from his reign back to the beginning. [15]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Since the number six was considered a lucky number, the Emperors of Han, Jing and Wu changed the tally of years of their reign back to the beginning every six years. [15]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Since each six-year period was cycsessively marked as yuannian (元年), eryuan (二元), sanyuan (三元), and so on, the system was considered too rancu when the period reached the fifth period of wuyuan sannian (五元三年) in 114 BC. [16]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

In that year, the government suggested that the Han government retrospectively replace each “beginning” with new characters, a reform that Emperor Wu accepted in 110BC. [17]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Since Emperor Wu displayed the religious worship of feng () on Mount Taishan, he named the new era yuanfeng (元).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

The event is considered to be the establishment of official era names in Chinese history. [18]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Emperor Wu changed the era name more than once as he established the 'Great Beginnings' calendar (太Taichu) in 104 BC. [19]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

From this point until the end of Western Han, the administration established a new era name every four years of the emperor's reign.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

In Eastern Han times, there was no set interval for the establishment of new era names, which were often introduced for political reasons and celebrated prominent events. [19]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Guardian king and widow consort JMPL|straight|Jin Midi story.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

The temples of Wu Liang, Jiaxiang, Shandong province, China, 2nd century AD; an ink pinned to a rock-carved relief from Eastern Han Many times, specifically when the infant emperor occupied the throne, a guardian of the king, often the empress's widow or one of his male relatives, would held the duties of the emperor until the aforementioned emperor reached the age of his majority.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Occasionally, the widow faction of the permaisuri—the clan of the permaisuri—was enfeoffed in a coup.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

For example, Empress Lü Zhi (w. 180 BC) became the de facto ruler of the administration during the tenure of the little emperors Qianshao (reigned 188—184 BC) and Houshao (reigned 184—180 BC). [20]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

His faction was scuttled during the Disruption of the Lü Clan in 180 BC and Liu Heng was elevated to emperor (posthumously known as Emperor Wen). [21]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Before Emperor Wu's death in 87 BC, he had distributed governing power as the king's guardian over his successor Emperor Zhao of Han (reigned 87—74 BC) to Huo Guang (w. 68 BC), Jin Midi (w. 86 BC), and Shangguan Jie (上) (w. 80 BC).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Huo Guang and Shangguan Jie were both the grandfathers of Empress Shangguan (w. 37 BC), the wife of Emperor Zhao, while the Xiongnu ethnically ethnic Jin Midi was a former slave who had worked in imperial stability.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

After Jin died and Shangguan was executed on charges of treason, Huo Guang became the sole reigning king's guardian.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

After his death, the Huo family faction was dethroned by Emperor Xuan of Han (reigned 74—49 BC), who did so because Huo Guang poisoned his wife Empress Xu Pingjun (w. 71 BC) in order for him to marry Huo's daughter Empress Huo Chengjun (w. 54 BC). [22]


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Since the king's guardian and the empress's widow are unofficially counted as emperors of the Han dynasty, they are excluded from the list of emperors below.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Emperors Below is a complete list of emperors from the Han dynasty, covering personal names, posthumous names, and their era names.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

This list does not include de facto rulers such as the king's guardian and the empress's widow.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Footnotes Reference Beck, Mansvelt. (1986).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

“The Fall of Han,” in The Cambridge History of China: Volume I: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

— A.D. 220, 317-376.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

EDITED by Denis Twitchett and Michael Loewe.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Bielenstein, Hans. (1980).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

The Bureaucracy of Han Times.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Bo Yang (1977).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Timeline of Chinese History (中年


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Taipei: Sing-Kuang Book Company Ltd. Ch'ü, T'ung-tsu. (1972).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Han Dynasty China: Volume 1: Han Social Structure.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

EDITED by Jack L. Dull. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

ISBN0-295-95068-4. de Crespigny, Rafe. (2007).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23—220 AD).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Leiden: Koninklijke Brill.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Hansen, Valerie. (2000).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

The Open Empire: A History of China to 1600.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

New York & London: W. W. Norton & Company.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Huang, Ray. (1988).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

China: A Macro History.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Armonk & London: M. E. Sharpe Inc., an East Gate Book.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Hucker, Charles O. (1975).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

China's Imperial Past: An Introduction to Chinese History and Culture.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Stanford: Stanford University Press.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Loewe, Michael. (1986).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

“The Former Han Dynasty,” in The Cambridge History of China: Volume I: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

— A.D. 220, 103—222.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Loewe, Michael. (2000).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

A Biographical Dictionary of the Qin, Former Han, and Xin Periods (221 BC — AD 24).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Koninklijke Brill NV.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Paludan, Ann. (1998).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Chronicle of the Chinese Emperors: the Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers of Imperial China.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

London: Thames & Hudson Ltd. ISBN0-500-05090-2.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Satō, Masayuki.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

“Comparative Ideas of Chronology” History and Theory, Vol. 30, No. 3 (Oct., 1991), pp.275—301.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Torday, Laszlo. (1997).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Mounted Archers: The Beginnings of Central Asian History.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Durham: The Durham Academic Press.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Twitchett, Denis and Michael Loewe. (1986).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

“Han Emperors” in Cambridge History of China: Volume I: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

— A.D. 220, xxxix-xli.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

EDITED by Denis Twitchett and Michael Loewe.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

ISBN0-521-24327-0. de Visser, M.W. (2003).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Dragon in China and Japan.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Whitefish: Kessinger Publishing.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

ISBN0-7661-5839-X. Wang, Yu-ch'uan.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

“An Outline of the Central Government of the Former Han Dynasty,” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1/2 (Jun., 1949): pp.134—187.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Wilkinson, Endymion. (1998).


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Chinese History: A Manual.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Cambridge and London: Harvard University Asia Center of the Harvard University Press.


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the


Question: Who is the longest-serving emperor of the Han Dynasty?

List of emperors of the

Outlinks Media related to Han Dynasty at Wikimedia Commons H Category:List of Chinese figures


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

The sand cat (Felis margarita), also known as the sand dune cat, is a type of cat belonging to the family Felidae that is found only mainly in true deserts, and has extensive but apparently separate channeling through the deserts of northern and southwestern Africa and Asia Middle.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Since 2002 this small cat has been listed as Almost threatened by the IUCN due to concerns over its low potential population size and decline.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

In 2016, the IUCN downgraded the status from sand cat to Low Risk. [2]


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Sand cats live in arid regions that are too hot and dry even for African wildcats: the Sahara, the Arabian Desert, and the deserts of Iran and Pakistan.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Victor Loche was the first European to describe the sand cat in 1858.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

He named the species Felis margarita from the name of Jean Auguste Margueritte, the leader of the expedition in which he had encountered the animal. [3]


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Characteristic Sand cats, relatively small cats are stocky with short legs, long tails, and large, pointed ears.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

These cats range 39—57cm (15 to 22 in) long, plus 23 to 31 centimeters (9.1 to 12) tail length, and weigh 1.4 to 3.4 kilograms (3.1-7.5lb). [4]


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

The head of this cat looks broad, and the ears so wide that the ears can be flattened horizontally, or even pointed down to aid in hunting.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

The colour of the plumage is pale yellow-sand on most of the body, with pale bars that are sometimes barely noticeable, and white on the chin and underside.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Generally bars are more noticeable in African subspecies.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

There are black bands on the legs and tail, and reddish streaks on the cheeks running from the outer corners of the eyes.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

In winter, coats can be very thick, with hair reaching up to 2 inches (5.1cm) in length.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

The eyes are large yellow and greenish, while the nose is black. [4]


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Uncommon among Asian cats, the sand cat has long hair growing between its toes.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

It makes feather cushions over foot pads, helping to protect them while moving over hot sand.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Claws on the hind legs are small and blunt;.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Combined with the top fur of the foot pads, it helps to make the animal tracks clear and difficult to keep up with.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

The mucosa of their eyelids is conspicuous black.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Accompanying large ears, the auditory bulla is also unusually large, giving this cat an enhanced listener sense, perhaps helping to capture vibrations in the sand.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Similar adaptations are found in other desert animals, such as fennec foxes.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Spread and habitat The sand cat is found mainly on both sandy and rocky desert types, and has a wide but apparently separate spread through the deserts of northern and southwestern Africa and Central Asia.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

They prefer flat or undulating areas with sparse vegetation, avoiding bare dunes, where there is relatively little food.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

They can survive at temperatures ranging from -5°C (23°F) to 52°C (126°F), withdrawing into burrows during extreme conditions.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Although they will drink when water is available, they can survive for months with water in their diet. [4]


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Subspecies After Loche's first description of the sand cat from Algeria, several subspecies have been described, of which the following are recognized today: [1] Felis margarita margarita (Loche 1858) - dispersal range from southern Algeria to Asben in northern Nigeria, Sinai and Arabia; [5] Felis margarita thinobius (Ognev 1926) - spreading range from the Karakum Desert to the southeast of Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan and Kizilkum south to west of Bukhara in Uzbekistan and in the Transcaspian area to Repetek; [5] Felis margarita meinertzhageni (Pocock 1938) - lives in the Algerian Sahara; [5] Felis margarita airensis (Pocock 1938) - whose dispersal in Sudan; [6] Felis margarita scheffeli (Hemmer, 1974) - lives in Pakistan's Nushki desert; [7] Felis margarita harrisoni (Hemmer, Grubb and Groves, 1976) - spread range in the Arabian Peninsula. [8]


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Ecology and mannerisms Sand cats live solitary outside the breeding season.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

They inhabit burrows, usually using either abandoned fox or porcupine burrows, or enlarged ones dug by gerbils or other rodents.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Burrows are generally straight, with one entrance, and reach up to 3 meters (9.8 feet) in length.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

They communicate using scents and claw marks on objects within their reach, and by spraying urine, although they do not leave their feces in locations as other felids do.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

They make vocalizations similar to domestic cats, but also make loud, high-pitched barking sounds, especially when looking for a mate.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

They come out after dusk to hunt rats, lizards, birds, and insects, although their diet may consist mostly of rodents. [4]


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

They “precipitate” close to the ground and will use the cover available to protect themselves.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Using large ears, they listen for prey, digging quickly when they hear underground.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Since the sand cat obtains all the water it needs from eating its prey, it remains largely away from watery spots where other predators might damage it.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Sand cats have been recorded to move long distances from 5—10km (3.1—6.2 miles) in a single night, and study radio telemetry in Israel showed a large home spread range, with one male using an area of 16 km2 (6.2 sq mi). [9]


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Sand cats gather only to mate, so counting them is a difficult task.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

It appears however that their numbers have declined in the Arabian deserts following a decline in their prey.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

They have been observed to travel from 5 to 10 kilometers (3.1—6.2 miles) per night in search of prey, but, unlike other cats, do not defend their territory, and may even “take turns” over burrows.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Reproduction and life circumference of Estrus in sand cats lasts from five to six days, and is accompanied by calling and increased scent as a marker. can give birth to two children per year.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

The kittens weigh 39-80 grams (1.4-2.8 oz) at birth, with pale yellow or reddish fur.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

They grow relatively quickly, reaching three-quarters of adult size within five months of birth.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Sand cats are fully independent by the end of their first year, and reach sexual maturity Not long after that. [10]


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Of the 228 sand cats born in global zoos for 2007, only 61% lived to 30 days.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

They died mainly from the neglect of mothers with first-time mothers.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

They can live up to 13 years in captivity.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Little is known about the life expectancy of sand cats in the wild.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

The threat Habitat degradation is the main threat to sand cats


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Dry vulnerable ecosystems are being rapidly degraded by human settlement and activity, livestock grazing in particular.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Sand cats are small—bottom-prey mammals depend on having adequate vegetation, which can experience large fluctuations due to drought, or decrease due to desertification and loss of natural vegetation.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

They may also be killed in traps laid out by oasis residents targeting foxes and wolves or in retaliation for killing their chickens.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

There have been occasional reports of animals being shot in south-eastern Arabia. [2]


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Other local threats include the influx of feral and domestic dogs and cats, creating direct competition and through predation and disease transmission. [11]


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

The conservation of Felis margarita is listed on CITES Appendix II.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

Poaching is banned in Algeria, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Mauritania, Niger, Pakistan and Tunisia.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

No legal protections exist in Egypt, Mali, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. [11] The extirpation of sand cats from Israel - along with the fact that this cat is threatened throughout its range - made Jerusalem Zoo to embark on a reintroduction project for the species. enclosure Acclimatization was built, using money from Zoo Prof. Shulov Fund for Animal Studies in Captivity, in the Kibbutz Lotan Bird Reserve in the Arava Desert.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

After the construction of the enclosure, the individuals are first transferred for acclimatization, and shortly thereafter released into the wild.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

The tracking of these cats after their release was carried out by Creative Ecology staff at Kibbutz Lotan, and by the Israel Nature and National Parks Protection Authority (INNPPA).


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

The reintroduction program was considered a failure, as the animals did not survive. [12]


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

In captivity Captivity sand cats are very sensitive to respiratory diseases and upper respiratory tract infections.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

It is the leading cause of death in adults.


Question: What is the scientific name Sand cat?

Sand cat

The most common disease is infectious rhinotracheitis.