Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Sepp Blatter stated in July 2014 that due to concerns against the completion of stadiums in Russia, the number of stadiums was likely reduced from 12 to 10.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

He also said, “We will not be in this situation, like the case of this one, two or even three stadiums in South Africa, where there is a problem that you do to these stadiums”. [62]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

In October 2014, during his official visit to Russia, FIFA's inspection committee and its chairman Chris Unger visited Sankt-Peterburg, Sochi, Kazan, and two stadiums in Moscow.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

They said they were satisfied with the process of building stadiums in the city. [63]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

On 8 October 2015, FIFA and the Local Organizing Committee approved the official name of the stadium used during the tournament. [64]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Of the 12 stadiums used, the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow and the Sankt-Petersburg Stadium (the two largest stadiums in Russia) were used most often with each holding 7 matches.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Sochi, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, and Samara held 6 matches with one quarterfinal match each, and Otkrytiye Arena in Moscow and Rostov na Donu held 5 matches with one round of 16 match each.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Volgograd, Kaliningrad, Yekaterinburg, and Saransk held 4 matches each and none of those cities staged knockout stage matches.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Team headquarters Headquarters will be used by 32 national teams as a place to live and train before or throughout the World Cup tournament.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

On 9 February 2018, FIFA announced the location of the base camp for each participating team. [65]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

The schedule The full schedule of the tournament was announced by FIFA on 24 July 2015 (with no kick-off time, but announced later). [66] [67] On 1 December 2017, after the draw of the final round, six kick-off time zones were determined by FIFA. [68]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Russia was placed in position A1 in the group stage and played its opening match at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow on June 14 against Saudi Arabia, the two lowest-ranked participating teams during the final round draw. [69]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Luzhniki Stadium also held the second semi-final round match on 11 July and the final match on 15 July.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

The Krestovsky Stadium in Sankt-Peterburg held the first semi-final round match on July 10 and the third place grabbing match on July 14. [27]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Group stage The top two ranked teams qualify for the round of the top 16.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Matches were played with a competition system.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

All match times are local time. [68]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Tiebreaker Team ranking is determined as follows (regulation Article 32.5): [39] points earned in all group stage matches; goal difference in all group stage matches; number of goals scored in all group stage matches; If there are two or more teams still a draw based on three criteria Above, then their ranking is determined as follows: points achieved in group stage matches between teams in draws; goal difference in group stage matches between teams in draws; number of goals scored in group stage matches between teams in draws; first yellow card fair-play points: deducted 1 point; indirect red card (second yellow card): deducted 3 points; direct red card: deducted 4 points; yellow card and direct red card: deducted 5 points; more draws by FIFA Organising Committee.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

2018 FIFA World Cup Group A Group A FIFA World Cup 2018 FIFA World Cup Group A 2018 FIFA World Cup Group A FIFA World Cup Group A 2018 FIFA World Cup Group A 2018 FIFA World Cup Group B 2018 FIFA World Cup Group B 2018 FIFA World Cup Group B 2018 FIFA World Cup Group C 2018 FIFA World Cup Group C 2018 FIFA World Cup Group C 2018 FIFA World Cup Group C 2018 FIFA World Cup Group C 2018 FIFA World Cup Group D 2018 FIFA World Cup Group D FIFA World Cup 2018 FIFA World Cup Group D Group D FIFA World Cup 2018 FIFA World Cup Group E FIFA World Cup 2018 FIFA World Cup Group E FIFA World Cup 2018 FIFA World Cup Group E E 2018 FIFA World Cup Group F Group F 2018 FIFA World Cup Group F Group F 2018 FIFA World Cup Group F 2018 FIFA World Cup Group F 2018 FIFA World Cup Group F 2018 FIFA World Cup Group F 2018 FIFA World Cup Group G 2018 FIFA World Cup Group G 2018 FIFA World Cup Group G 2018 FIFA World Cup Group H 2018 FIFA World Cup Group H 2018 FIFA World Cup Group H 2018 FIFA World Cup Group H 2018 FIFA World Cup Group H 2018 FIFA World Cup Group H knockout round, if the match is a draw until the end of normal time, then extra time is played (two innings, 15 minutes each).


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

During the extra-time round both teams can make a fourth player changeover.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

If it remains a draw, then proceed through a penalty shootout to determine the winner. [39]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Travel to final 2018 FIFA World Cup knockout round of 16 round knockout round of 2018 FIFA World Cup knockout round 2018 FIFA World Cup knockout round 2018 FIFA World Cup knockout round 2018 FIFA World Cup knockout round 2018 FIFA World Cup quarter-finals FIFA World Cup knockout round 2018 FIFA World Cup knockout round 2018 FIFA World Cup knockout round 2018 FIFA World Cup knockout round Third round knockout round FIFA World Cup 2018 Final Statistics Scorer 6 goals 4 goals 3 goals 2 goals 1 goal 1 goal suicide Prize Number of prizes announced in October 2017. [70]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Marketing of the JMPL|straight|typeface used for the Logo brand of the tournament was announced on 28 October 2014 by cosmonauts on the International Space Station and later projected onto Moscow's Bolshoi Theater during the evening television program.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Russian Sports Minister Vitaly Mutko said the logo was inspired by “Russia's rich artistic tradition and bold history of achievement and innovation” and FIFA President Sepp Blatter stated that the logo reflected “heart and soul” for the country. [71]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

For marketing, a typeface called Dusha (Russian: Душа, soul) was created by the Portuguese design agency Brandia Central in 2014.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

The mascot of the FIFA World Cup Mascot for the 2018 edition is a wolf named Zabivaka (“the scorer” in Russian) which was announced on 21 October 2016.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

The mascot depicts a brown-colored anthropomorphic wolf wearing a blue-sleeved white wool T-shirt bearing the word “RUSSIA 2018" and wearing orange tinted sports glasses.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

The combination of white, blue, and red colors on T-shirts and pants represents the color of the costume of the Russian national team.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

The student who designed the mascot was Ekaterina Bocharova and was chosen through a vote on the internet.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

The results of the vote were announced on 22 October 2016 in an Urgant Night event in Perviy Kanal.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

The wolf named Zabivaka won 53% of the vote, leading over the Tigers (27%), and the Cats (20%).


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

More than 1 million people participated in the voting that took place during September 2016 on the FIFA platform, as well as during a live broadcast on Perviy Kanal, where the results of the creative competition were announced. [72]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Ticket sales The first phase of ticket sales began on September 14, 2017 at 12:00 Moscow time and lasted until October 12, 2017. [73]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Russia's visa policy generally does not apply to World Cup participants and those fans who can visit Russia without visa rights before and during the competition, regardless of their nationality. [74]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Controversy Just like the 2014 Winter Olympics, the selection of Russia as host has received rejection.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Controversial issues such as the level of racism in Russian football, [75] [76] and discrimination against LGBT people in the wider Russian society. [77] [78] Russia's involvement in the ongoing conflict in Ukraine also led to calls for the tournament to be moved, especially after the merger of Crimea. [79] [80] FIFA President stated: “The World Cup has been chosen and awarded to Russia and we will move forward with our work”. [81]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Allegations of corruption in the process of selecting the 2018 and 2022 World Cup hosts led to threats from the FA to boycott this tournament. [82]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

FIFA appointed a U.S. attorney, Michael J. Garcia, to investigate and produce a report (the Garcia Report) related to the case of corruption allegations.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Although the report was never published, FIFA released a 42-page summary of the discovery as stated by German judge Hans-Joachim Eckert.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Eckert's summary cleared Russia and Qatar of any wrongdoing, but was criticized by critics as a cover-up of misconduct. [83]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Garcia criticized the summary as “materially incomplete” with “erroneous representations of facts and conclusions”, and he appealed to the FIFA Appeals Committee. [84] [85] The committee refused to hear his appeal, so Garcia resigned in protest at FIFA's actions , citing a “lack of leadership” and lack of confidence in Eckert's independence. [86]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

On June 3, 2015, the FBI announced that federal authorities were investigating the process of selecting the 2018 and 2022 World Cup hosts. [87] [88] In an interview published on June 7, 2015, Domenico Scala, head of FIFA's Audit and Compliance Committee, stated that “if there is evidence of giving host to Qatar and Russia only happens because it buys votes, then the gift can be cancelled”. [89] [90] Due to the financial crisis in the Russian economy, the budget for World Cup preparation has been trimmed several times.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

In June 2015, a government decree cut the budget by $560 million to the overall total to $11.8 billion. [91]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

After Morocco qualified for the tournament with a 2—0 victory over Ivory Coast, celebrations of Moroccans in Brussels turned into riots accompanied by car burning, looting of shops by about 300 rioters, and causing 20 police to be injured. [92] [51] Firefighters deployed to extinguishing the fire was also attacked by the perpetrators of the riots. [51]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Doping in Russia Russia is the most (51) in terms of the number of Olympic medals cancelled as a result of doping violations — the most of any country, four times ranked second, and almost third of the overall number in the world.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

From 2011 to 2015, more than a thousand Russian athletes in various sporting events, such as the Summer Olympics, winter, and Paralympics, were affected by the case. [93] [94] [95] [96] 33 footballers suspected of being part of the steroid program were listed in the Report McLaren. [97]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

On December 5, 2017, the IOC announced that Russia was banned from the 2018 Winter Olympics. [98]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

Deputy Prime Minister who is also President of the Russian Football Union Vitaly Mutko was banned for life from involvement in the Olympics for his role in the doping conspiracy. [99]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

On 22 December 2017, it was reported that FIFA fired a doctor who was investigating doping in Russian football. [100]


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

FIFA broadcast rights, through several companies, sold the 2018 FIFA World Cup broadcast rights to local broadcasters.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

In the United States, the 2018 World Cup became the first World Cup whose broadcast rights were held by Fox Sports.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

The elimination of the U.S. national team in the qualifying round brought concerns about audience numbers and interest in this edition of the World Cup dwindling (especially the “temporary” audience interested in the U.S. national team), as Fox had paid dearly for the broadcast rights due to the number U.S. national team game audience at the 2014 World Cup broke the 16.5 million mark.


Question: where does the 2017—2018 FA Cup take place?

2018 FIFA World Cup

During a launch event before the U.S. national team was eliminated, Fox stated that it planned to place a secondary focus on the Mexican national team in its broadcast to capitalize on its popularity in the U.S. The network stated that it remains committed to broadcasting a large amount of coverage for this tournament. [101] [102] [103] In Indonesia, the 2018 FIFA World Cup was broadcast live by Trans Media (Trans TV, Trans7, and Transvision) and K-vision for television [104] [105] as well as by RRI for radio. [106] [107] Sponsors See also the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL) 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF) 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC) 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA) 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF) 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC) Reference Outside Category:World Cup FIFA Category:Football in Russia Category:Football in 2018 Category:Russia in 2018


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Main Page Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari (EYD: Syair Story Siti Akbari; also known simply as Siti Akbari) is a Malay-language verse of Lie Kim Hok published in 1884.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Adapted from Sjair Abdoel Moeloek, this verse tells the story of a woman who masquerades as a man to free her husband from the Sultan of Hindustan who captured him while invading their kingdom.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Written over several years and influenced by European literature, Siti Akbari differs from earlier verses in its use of affirmation and emphasis on prose rather than poetic form.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

The verse also uses European literary realism to expand the flow of verse, although it retains some of the hallmarks of traditional verses.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Critical opinions have underlined various aspects of this verse story: in this work is found a growing empathy for women's empathy and feelings, a call for a unifying language in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), and polemics on the relationship between traditions and modernity.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Siti Akbari raked in success both commercially and critically resulting in two reprints.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

A film adaptation was also fielded in 1940.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

When the influence of Sjair Abdoel Moeloek became apparent in 1920, Lie was later criticized as an unoriginal writer.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

However, Siti Akbari remains the best-known Chinese author's verse.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Lie was later remembered as the “father of Chinese Malay literature”. [1]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Alur Sultan of Hindustan Bahar Oedin became enraged after his uncle, Safi, a merchant, died while imprisoned in Barbari.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Since Abdul Aidid, the Sultan of Barbari, had greater military power, Bahar Oedin waited while planning revenge.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Meanwhile, Abdul Aidid's son, Abdul Moelan, married his cousin, Siti Bida Undara.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Two years later, after Abdul Aidid died, Abdul Moelan left on a long sea journey and left his wife at home.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

After arriving in Ban's kingdom, Abdul Moelan meets and falls in love with Siti Akbari, the daughter of Sultan Ban.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

The two soon married, and after six months in Ban, they returned to Barbari.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Siti Bida Undara, who was initially angry at having to share a husband, soon became close friends with Siti Akbari.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Shortly afterwards Bahar Oedin took his revenge steps, arresting Abdul Moelan and Siti Bida Undara.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

When the sultan tries to capture Siti Akbari, he finds a dead body in his room and believes that it is his target.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Bahar Oedin then took his captives back to Hindustan and imprisoned them.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Unbeknown to him, the pregnant Siti Akbari has faked her death and fled.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

After a few months she found refuge under Shaykh (Sheikh) Khidmatullah, who trained her the science of martial arts so that she might free her husband.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

After leaving her son in the care of Khidmatullah, Siti Akbari begins her journey.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

When a group of seven men attempted to rape her, Siti Akbari killed them, then took their clothes and cut her hair.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Afterwards he disguised himself as a man and took the name Bahara.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Upon arrival in Barbam, he stopped the war between the two appellants to the throne of the regional dominions.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

He killed the usurper, then took his head for the rightful heir to the throne, Hamid Lauda.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

As a token of gratitude, Hamid Lauda rewarded “Bahara” with the power to rule Barbam and allowed him to marry his sister, Siti Abian.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Siti Akbari, as “Bahara”, leaves Barbam to go to Hindustan and rescue her husband.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

With help from two advisers whom the Sultan had expelled, he was able to stake out the situation of the region.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

He eventually took over Hindustan with his army, conquered the sultanate single-handedly, killed Bahar Oedin, and freed Abdul Moelan and Siti Bida Undara.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

While still in disguise, Siti Akbari denies Siti Abian and gives Abdul Moelan to her before revealing her true identity.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Those different kingdoms are then divided among the male protagonists, while Siti Akbari returns to her role as a wife. [lower-alpha 1] JMPL background and writing|Lie Kim Hok, author of Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Siti Akbari was written by Lie Kim Hok, a Bogor-born Chinese peranakan who was educated by Dutch missionaries.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

The missionaries introduced him to European literature, [2] including works by Dutch writers such as Anna Louisa Geertruida Bosboom-Toussaint and Jacob van Lennep, [3] as well as works by French writers such as Jules Verne, Alexandre Dumas, and Pierre Alexis Ponson du Terrail. [4]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

In his doctorate thesis, J. Francisco B. Benitez suggests that Lie may have also been influenced by Malay and Javanese oral traditions, such as roving theater-troupes of Malay aristocrats or Javanese puppet art. [5]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

The evidence found after Lie's death in 1912 [6] is memorable that Siti Akbari was greatly influenced by Sjair Abdoel Moeloek (1847), who was courted by Raja Ali Haji or his sister Saleha. [lower-alpha 2] The story was transliterated by Arnold Snackey, later translated into Sundanese. [7]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

The version that was the source of Lie's inspiration was not approved by the researchers.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Documentarian Christiaan Hooykaas, in a letter to literary critic Nio Joe Lan, argues that Lie's inspiration came from a version of Sjair Abdoel Moeloek kept at the Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen in Batavia. [8]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Meanwhile, biographer Tio Ie Soei argues that the version that inspired Lie was translated in 1873 by Lie's teacher, Sierk Coolsma.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

According to Tio, Coolsma had based his translation from a stage theatre show and wrote it hurriedly, making it almost indecipherable.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Because he had better handwriting, Lie purportedly copied the story for Coolsma and kept the original in his personal collection. [7]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Literary historian Monique Zaini-Lajoubert writes that none of those intermediary versions have been found. [9]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

The writing of Siti Akbari was completed in a period of several years.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Lie stated that the story took three years, with writing sporadically.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

However, Tio reports rumors that the writing of this work took about seven years, with Lie sometimes taking long breaks and sometimes writing in spirit, writing from dawn to dusk. [10]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Writing style Literary critic G. Koster writes that while writing Siti Akbari, Lie Kim Hok was limited by the formulations of Pandji Stories and verse poetry common in Malay literature at the time.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Koster notes fundamental structural similarities between Siti Akbari and existing forms of poetry. [11]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

This work follows the archetype of a figure or hero who went from a law-abiding kingdom, heading into exile, then into a chaotic kingdom; this, in Koster's opinion, is symbolic of the cycle of oral law. [11]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

These kinds of archetypes and formulas are used in contemporary works such as Syair Siti Zubaidah of the Chinese War. [12]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

The groove device in which a woman disguises herself as a man to plunge into war is also common in Malay literature and Javanese literature. [13]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Lie strayed far from established traditions, [14] mixing European and indigenous literary influences. [15]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

The story consists of 1,594 quatrains of single rhymes divided into two stanzas, with each stanza consisting of two lines, and each line consisting of two half-lines separated by digging. [16]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Most of these lines are complete syntactic units, either clauses or sentences. [17]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Koster notes that this form is freer than in traditional works, and as a result this verse becomes a kind of prose poem. [18]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

An unnamed narrator tells the story from an omniscient third-person point of view; [19] unlike most contemporary works, the narrator “assumes authority on himself” by putting himself and his ideas forward, instead of acting as a party who were not involved. [20]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Siti Akbari differs from contemporary works by eliciting feelings of tension.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Koster gives the identity of the Hindustani merchant as an example: the man's identity as the Sultan's uncle is not revealed until after a convenient moment in the story.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Koster describes the period in which readers believe Siti Akbari is dead, which spans several pages, as traits beyond the most remarkable traditions of this work.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

He noted that, different from most contemporary works, this verse begins with a quotation, [21] instead of a prayer to God that was common in the Malay syair at that time. [22]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

This quote is finally shown as a fulfilled prophecy: Authentic writings Perfected Faedahnja hoedjan this, Toewankoe sri Baginda Rather bri satoe address, atawa soewatoe token, Satoe thing amat adjaib, satoe thing jang tida tida, Because the Poetri, later there The faedah of this rain, Lord Sri Baginda Rather give one address, or a sign, One thing is very magical, one thing that is no-no, because the Princess, later became there Koster saw impressions of realism in this work, especially idealistic realism that was held strongly at that time in the Netherlands. [14]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

He notes that motive and causality are more emphasized in the narrative of this story than most contemporary works of the time.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

He observes that this is also reflected in the stocking of this story.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Figures - albeit of the nobility and saint - were given traits of people that could be found in real life Batavia (now Jakarta).


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

The use of punctuation, another rarely found in local literature at the time, may also have been useful to give the impression of a more realistic reading [23] and reflecting the origin of this work as a written script, and not of oral literature. [18]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Tio Ie Soei described the rhythm of this work as more like a speech than a song. [17]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Benitez's theme writes that the market within Siti Akbari “provides possibilities for exchange and connection” between people of all cultures and backgrounds: the market connects them.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

He explained that this is a representation of the heteroglossia offered by the market Malay language, which originated in the market. [24]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Since Lie also wrote a book on market Malay grammar, Benitez argues that Lie probably wished for this dialect to become a lingua franca in the Dutch East Indies. [25]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Benitez considers this poem to highlight the tension between the “monadic and autonomous subjectivity” of European culture and the customary “social subjectivity”, with Siti Akbari figures as “a place of instability that makes real both the possibility of social transformation, as well as anxiety over the possibility of chaotic social reproduction “. [26]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

As an individual, Siti Akbari was able to fight off her enemies and reclaim her husband.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

But in the end, she chose to return to her polygamous relationship with Abdul Moelan, an affirmation that tradition exists above modernism. [24]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

In opposition to Siti Akbari, merchant Safi Oedin refused to live according to local customs, while he was in a foreign land and eventually died.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Benitez wrote that this “can be read as a warning to those who refuse to live according to local customs. “[27]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Koster notes that - like verse in general - Siti Akbari works to raise awareness of traditional customs and value systems. [11]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Zaini-Lajoubert argues that the story promotes the treatment of women as people with feelings and opinions, as opposed to the patriarchal view common when the book was published, that women are callous objects.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

He found that the female figures in this story felt sadness and joy; he cited one passage where Siti Akbari confessed that she felt she had been waiting for “a dozen tahons” for Abdul Moelan.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Zaini-Lajoubert noted that the female figures were not all of the same opinion: although Siti Akbari was willing to undergo a polygamous relationship, Siti Bida Undara had to be persuaded.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

But in the end, she found that Siti Akbari conveyed the message that women should be faithful to their husbands. [28]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Siti Akbari's reception and legacy was first published in four volumes in 1884.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

This work proved to be Lie's most popular work, [29] and the most widely reprinted of all his published works. [10]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Its first reprint was in 1913 by Hoa Siang Di Kiok, and the second was in 1922 by Kho Tjeng Bie.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

The two new prints consisted of only one volume, [30] and according to Tio, contained many inaccuracies. [31]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

The story was well received by his readers, and although at that time Lie was not the only ethnic Chinese who wrote in the form of traditional Malay verse poetry, he became one of the more accomplished. [32]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Lie considers this work to be one of his best works. [7]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

In 1923, Kwee Tek Hoay - also an accomplished writer - wrote that he had been fascinated by this story as he was a child, until “half of its content [he] was already fahamken in luwar kapala”. [10]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Kwee considers this work “a lot of aphorisms and exhortations that are so good”, which are not available elsewhere. [10]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Nio Joe Lan described it as a “ratna manikam in Malay-Chinese persajakan”, of much higher quality than other Chinese-written Malay poems - both contemporary and those afterwards. [33]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

The story was adapted into a stage play soon after publication, when it was featured by a group called Siti Akbari under the lead of Lie. [34]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Lie also made a simplified version for the troupe of teenage actors he led in Bogor. [35]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

In 1922, the Sukabumi branch of Shiong Ttih Hui published another stage adaptation under the title Pembalesan Siti Akbari; before 1926 the play was already being shown by Miss Riboet, a theatre troupe led by Tio Tik Djien. [lower-alpha 3] [36] The story remained popular until the late 1930s, and may have also inspired Siti Akbari's film of Joshua and Othniel Wong, starring Roekiah and Rd. Mochtar.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

The extent of this work's influence is uncertain, and the film may have been lost. [37]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Lie continued to experiment with European-style prose.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

In 1886 he published Tjhit Liap Seng (“Seven Stars”), which Claudine Salmon of the French École des hautes études en sciences sociales considered to be the first Malay-Chinese novel. [38]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Lie later published four other novels, as well as several translated works. [39]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

When ethnic Chinese writers became common in the Dutch East Indies early 1900s, literary experts named Lie the “father of Malay-Chinese literature” for his contributions, including Siti Akbari and Tjhit Liap Seng. [1]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

After the rise of nationalist movements and attempts by the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies to use Balai Pustaka in publishing literary works for indigenous consumption, this work began to be marginalized.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

The Dutch colonial government used Malay “high” as “administrative language”, a language for everyday affairs, whereas Indonesian nationalists adapted the language to as a means of assistance in national cultural development.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Malay-Chinese literature written in “low” Malay became increasingly marginalized.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Benitez writes that, as a result of this, there is very little modern scientific analysis of Siti Akbari. [40]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Nonetheless, Chinese cultural expert Leo Suryadinata wrote in 1993 that Siti Akbari remains one of the most famous verse written by ethnic Chinese in the Dutch East Indies. [41]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Criticism Although Sjair Abdoel Moeloek and Siti Akbari often featured on stage, similarities between them were not found for decades. [7]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Zaini-Lajoubert writes that Tio Ie Soei found these similarities while working as a journalist for the Malay-Chinese newspaper Lay Po in 1923.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Kwee Tek Hoay follows this article with another discussion of the origin of the work in 1925. [9]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

These authors further criticized Lie's other works as blatant adaptations. [42]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Tan Soey Bing and Tan Oen Tjeng, for example, write that neither of his works are original.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Tio Ie Soei, in his response, stated that Lie had changed the stories that had been adapted by him, and thus demonstrated originality. [43]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

In exploring the similarities between Sjair Abdoel Moeloek and Siti Akbari, Zaini-Lajoubert notes that the royal names in Siti Akbari, except Barham (“Barbam” in Siti Akbari), are taken directly from those previously published works.


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

The names of figures such as Abdul Muluk (“Abdul Moelan” in Siti Akbari) and Siti Rapiah (“Siti Akbari”), were only replaced, although some minor figures were present in one story and not the other. [44]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

The main plot elements in both stories are the same; some elements, such as the birth and childhood of Abdul Muluk and the subsequent adventures of Siti's son Rapiah, are present in one story and not the other - or are revealed in more detail. [45]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

However the two differ greatly in their styles, especially Lie's emphasis on description and realism. [46]


Question: Is the Siti Zubaidah Syair of the Chinese War a verse based on a true story?

Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari

Footnote Reference List of libraries (subscription required) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |archivedate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |date= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Category:Book year 1884 Category:Chinese Malay Literature Category:Indonesian Poetry Category:Syair


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

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Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

To promote the album, Super Junior organized an Asian-scale tour titled Super Show 3 in 2010 and 2011, [59] and had sold-out concerts for each stop. [60]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

In February 2011, Super Junior released a 3D film version of their tour titled, Super Show 3 3D in all CGV theaters and Primus movie theaters. [61]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The movie debuted at number six on the box office charts and went off to become the best-selling 3D movie in Korea. [62]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

After completing a tour in Japan, they released the Super Junior Japan 'Super Show 3' Opening Commemorative Album of February 2011, which came in second place of Tower Records Japan's online sales chart.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The DVD version of Super Junior Japan Limited Special Edition— Super Show 3 also placed second, while the CD version topped 10th place.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The album also stayed on the third position of Oricon daily Chart for two consecutive days and position six on Oricon weekly chart.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Following this success, they re-released the Japanese version of Bonamana in June 2011, which immediately topped the second place of Oricon's daily singles chart, sold around 59,000 copies on the first day of release, [63] however, BC stated it was not the official debut of Super Junior in Japan, they would was debuted within a certain period of time. [64]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Between the vacancies of Super Show 3, the group was involved in the SMTown Live '10 World Tour and toured Los Angeles, Paris, Tokyo and New York along with artists with their management at SM Entertainment, performing outside Asia for the first time. [65]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Super Junior's performance received good reviews from local media, [66] and they were awarded as National Pop Culture Icons for their role in spreading Hallyu Wave (Korean fever), receiving Minister of Culture Awards from Korea's Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism in Pop Culture Art Awards.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

They appeared on CNN's Talk Asia program, and told about their popularity and evolving strategies in the music industry. [67] [68] The group is known throughout Asia, getting known in Europe, North America, and South America.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The top 30 ranking “World's Sexiest Men in Peru contains all Super Junior members on their list [69] They gave exclusive interviews to Slovenian and Iranian magazines, [70] and were voted by Hallyu Brazil fans as the number one Korean artist they wanted to visit Brazil. [71] [ 72] TV Azteca Mexico and BBC UK recognized Super Junior as the icon of the Hallyu effect leader. [73] [74] 2011—2012: Mr. Simple and the world tour, Super Show 4 Mr. Simple debuts in the first position of South Korea's Gaon Chart, recording sales of 287,427 copies.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The album stayed in first place for four weeks and recorded sales of around 441,000 in Korea through October 2011. [75]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

It placed third on the Billboard World Albums Chart and 17th position on Japan's Oricon Albums Chart.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Mr. Simple's song won first place on the day they made a comeback on the music show M! MNet Countdown. [76]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

In September 2011, Heecul left the group for a time due to admission to conscription.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Super Junior began their world tour titled Super Show 4 in November 2011. [77]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The group's second Japanese single, which is the Japanese version of “Mr. Simple”, was released December 7, 2011, [78] [79] but the SM side still did not want to consider this as their Japanese debut. [80]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The group, along with Super Junior-M members Zhou Mi and Henry, also recorded the song “Santa U Are The One” for the 2011 album Winter SMTown — The Warmest Gift, which releases December 13, 2011.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

In addition, Donghae and Eunhyuk released their collaboration digital single titled “Oppa, Oppa” on December 16 and performed the single at Music Bank on the same day. [81]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

On January 11, Super Junior attended the 26th Golden Disk Awards, held at Kyocera Dome in Osaka, Japan.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Ultimately the group took home four trophies; Popularity Award, MSN Japan Award, Disk Bonsang, and Disk Daesang's highest award.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Followed by their success at the Seoul Music Awards of January 19, where they were awarded the Disk Bonsang and Disk Daesang's highest award.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

On January 13, Super Junior was crowned the 'King of the Album' in Taiwan, after their 5th album, Mr. Simple and 4th album Bonamana placed first and second in both the album section and Korean Music Chart 2012.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Significantly, Super Junior topped 1st place on KKBOX's K-pop chart for 64 consecutive weeks where the song “Bonamana” from their fourth album set the longest-running record in KKBOX's K-pop chart history.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

They then placed first with the song “Mr. Simple” from the 5th album for 46 consecutive weeks (until July 4, 2012), effectively locking themselves in first place Date February 22, Super Junior won the Album Of The Year Award for the 3rd quarter on the Gaon Chart Awards [82] and on March 13, Super Junior won Favorite K-Pop Video for “Mr. Simple” at the MYX Music Awards 2012. [83] [84] Super Junior also successfully completed their world tour titled Super Show 4 in 10 cities around the world including Seoul, Osaka, Taipei, Singapore, Macao, Bangkok, Paris, Shanghai, Jakarta and Tokyo for 6 months.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Summed with three previous Asian tours and Super Show 4, Super Junior concerts have garnered no less than 900,000 spectators. 2012—2013: Sexy, Free & Single and world tour, Super Show 5 Month June 2012, SM Entertainment announced that Kangin will re-join Super Junior on his sixth album, Sexy, Free & Singles released online July 1 and in stores July 4, 2012. [85]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

SM merlis music video Sexy, Free & Single dated July 3.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The Version B album was released July 16, the difference with the previous version lies in the cover.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

On August 7, Super Junior released a reworked cover album of Sexy, Free & Single titled SPY, which contained additional four new songs “SPY”, “Outsider”, “Only U” in compositions by Leeteuk and “Haru” composed by Donghae.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Its music video was released August 13.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Super Junior's 6th album Sexy, Free & Single topped a high position on iTunes in several countries among others; Australia, France, Peru and Japan, besides it also ranked 3rd on Billboard World Albums. [86]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The album immediately topped #1 on South Korea's Gaon Chart, with sales of 335,744 copies in a month. [87]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Holding in first place for three consecutive weeks, it sold 459,182 copies in just over two weeks (July—August). [87]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Furthermore, Sexy, Free & Single also debuts in the first position of the Gaon Album Chart with sales of 356,431 in 2012. [88]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Super Junior placed #1 in Hanteo's “Top 5 K-Pop Artists” 2012 winning Hanteo “Singer Award” and also placed first in Hanteo's 2012 “Album Award”. [89] [90] Sexy, Free & Singles placed first for several weeks on the KKBOX Taiwan K=pop chart where all songs entered the chart . [91]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The Japanese version of this song released August 22 sold 118,902 copies, thus earning it a gold certificate.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Super Junior was nominated as “Best Asian Act” at the MTV Europe Music Awards. [5]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

In October, Super Junior won the “Teen Style Icon” award at the Style Icon Awards [92] and their November bullamn also won the “Best Artist Group Award” at the 19th Korean Entertainment Arts Awards. [93]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

On November 30, Super Junior attended the Mnet Asian Music Awards and managed to win three awards, “Album of the Year”, “Best Global Group - Male” and “Best Line Award”, which was the second consecutive year they won “Album of the Year”. [94]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The 3D Super Show 4 film was awarded the “Work of Art Award” at the International 3D Festival with Glam being the only artist to win this award. [95]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

On January 15 Super Junior again won “Disk Daesang” at the 27th Golden Disk Awards, this became the third “Disk Daesang” that Super Junior won, and second in a row (winning in 2011 for “Mr Simple”). [96]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Super Junior announced their world tour of February 2013.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

“World Tour, Super Show 5" begins March in Seoul.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The group's steering went to China, Japan, North America and Europe. [97]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

On 10 November, Eunhyuk, Kangin, Siwon, and Kyuhyun organized a special lecture at Oxford University.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Their special lecture entitled 'Super Junior: The Last Man Standing' was housed in an Oxford debating room.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

They were speakers at this event, organized in cooperation with Oxford University Korea Society (OUKS), Oxford University Asia-Pacific Society (OUAPS), and Oxford Union. [98] 2014: Mamacita and world tour, Super Show 6 Month August 2014, SM Entertainment announced that Leeteuk and Heechul will again join Super Junior for their seventh album, Mamacita which was released online on August 29 and in stores September 1. [99]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Just three days of sales, 'Mamacita' was ranked No.1 Billboard World Albums chart. [100]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Super Junior embarked on a world tour titled Super Show 6 in September 2014, starting from Seoul.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Super Junior successfully staged a three-day concert at Jamsil Arena, Seoul from 19—21 September 2014 and recorded its 100th concert tour on 21 September 2014.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Super Junior is the first Korean artist to perform in 100 concerts worldwide. [101]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

On October 27, Super Junior released a cover issue from Mamacita titled This Is Love.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Which contains a total of 13 songs, consisting of 9 songs from the 7th album and a re-arranged version of “This Is Love (Stage Version) and three additional songs.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

This Is Love was in the first position of real time charts on Hanteo, Sinnara Records and others once it was released. [102] [103] 2015—present: Devil, Magic and the SJ Label Date July 8, 2015, SM Entertainment announced that Yesung will rejoin Super Junior for a special album, the Devil was released online and became available in stores on July 16 in order to celebrate the group's 10th anniversary. [104]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The song ranked at the No.1 iTunes chart in 10 countries and also received praise from Billboard as the group's “Best Song of the Year”. [105] [106] The album also became the best-selling album of the week on the United World Charts. [107]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Super Junior first introduced his songs at the Super Show 6 replay concert in Seoul, for two days starting on 11th-12th.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Super Junior performed 4 songs from the album, namely “Devil”, “We Can”, “Don't Wake Me Up” and “Alright”. [108]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

On August 16, Super Junior won 2 awards, “International Arist” and “Best Fandom” at the Teen Choice Awards. [6]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

On August 18, Kibum (who paused for a while since 2009) announced his departure from SM Entertainment and Super Junior via instagram. [109]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

On September 10, 2015, SM Entertainment announced that Super Junior would release part 2 of their 10th anniversary special album, Magic on September 16.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The album was planned as a thank you to fans who have loved and supported the group.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The album consists of 10 songs that have been on the Devil album plus 4 new songs namely “Magic”, “You Got It”, “Dorothy” and “Nest ♥”.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

This is the album released last time before Eunhyuk, Donghae and Siwon entered conscription. [110] [111] On November 6, coinciding with Super Junior's 10th anniversary, SM Entertainment announced that Super Junior will have its own label management, named Label SJ. [112]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

SM stated, “We established the SJ Label for Super Junior members wholehearted support and the ideal system to host the group.”


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Although this new label is under SM, but will be independent and fully responsible for the management of Super Junior, producing their albums and the alctivity of all groups, units and individuals. [113]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Member of the Month December 2009, Han Geng quit this group after filing a law suit with S.M. Entertainment. [114]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Actually Han Geng had won the lawsuit in December 2010, [115] but his departure from Super Junior was not official until September 27, 2011, when S.M. Entertainment finally released an official statement on the matter. [116] [117] Dated August 18, 2015, Kibum via his social media announced that his contract with SM Entertainment had expired and quit the group. [109]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

From July 2010 to May 2015, 4 members had completed their conscription.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Kangin entered conscription on 5 July 2010 and completed him on 16 April 2012.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Heechul entered conscription on September 1, 2011 and completed it on August 30, 2013.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Leeteuk entered conscription on October 30, 2012 and completed it on July 29, 2014. [118] [119] Yesung entered conscription on May 6, 2013 and completed it on May 4, 2015. [120]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

From May 2015 to the present, 6 members are carrying out conscription.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Shindong entered conscription on March 24, 2015. [121]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Sungmin entered conscription on March 31, 2015. [122]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Eunhyuk entered conscription on 13 October 2015.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Donghae entered conscription on October 15, 2015.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Siwon entered conscription on 19 November 2015.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Ryeowook entered conscription on October 11, 2016.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Kyuhyun entered conscription on 25 May 2017 As of 10July2018, Super Junior has eight active members: Leeteuk, Heechul, Yesung, Shindong, Eunhyuk, Donghae, Siwon and Ryeowook.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Now (active) Leeteuk Heechul Yesung Shindong Eunhyuk Donghae Siwon Ryeowook Sungmin (inactive due to his own desire) Kyuhyun (inactive due to conscription) Kangin (inactive due to case of drunk driving) Former Han Geng member Kibum Lini period Red ( horizontal) = Active Black (horizontal) = Off Black (vertical) = Studio Albums Discography Korean Albums Twins (2005) Don't Don (2007) Sorry, Sorry (2009) Bonamana (2010) Mr. Simple (2011) Sexy, Free & Single (2012) Mamacita (2014) Devil (2015) PLAY (2017) REPLAY (April 2018) One More Time ( October 2018) Japanese album Hero (2013) Filmography Film Attack on the Pin-Up Boys (2007) Super Show 3 3D (2011) I AM. (2012) Super Show 4 3D (2013) SM Town The Stage (2015) DVD Super Junior Boys in City Season 1.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Kuala Lumpur (2006) Super Junior Boys in City Season 2.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Tokyo (2008) Super Junior Boys in City Season 3.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Hong Kong (2010) Television Super Junior Show (2005) Super Adonis Camp (2006) Mystery 6 (2006) Full House (2006) Super Junior Mini-Drama (2006) Idol World (2007) Super Junior Animal Farm (2007) Explorers of the Human Body (2007—2008) Idol Show (2008) Unbelievable Outing Season 3 (2008) Super Junior's Foresight (2010) Tour and concert Headlining tour The 1st Asia Tour - “Super Show” (2008—2009) The 2nd Asia Tour - “Super Show 2" (2009—2010) The 3rd Asia Tour - “Super Show 3" (2010—2011) Super Junior World Tour - “Super Show 4" (2011—2012) Super Junior World Tour - “Super Show 5" (2013—2014 ) Super Junior World Tour — “Super Show 6" (2014—2015) Super Camp Fan Meeting Tour (2015—16) SMTown Live '07 Summer Concert (2007) SMTown Live '08 (2008—09) BC Town Live '10 World Tour (2010—11) BC Town Live World Tour III (2012—13) BC Town Week - Treasure Island (13) BC Live Town Tour (13) SM Live Town World Tour IV (2014—15) SM Town Live World Tour V (2016—) The Super Junior-K.R.Y subgroup tour. Super Junior-K.R.Y.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The 1st Concert (2010—11) Super Junior-K.R.Y. Special Winter Concert (2012—13) Super Junior-K.R.Y. Japan Tour (2015) Super Junior-K.R.Y. Asia Tour (2015) Super Junior-D&E Super Junior-D&E The 1st Japan Tour (2014) Super Junior-D&E The 2nd Japan Tour (2015) Super Junior-D&E Asia Tour (2015) Musical style They featured bubblegum pop in Twins; alternative rock at Don't Don; pop and contemporary R&B in Sorry, Sorry and Bonamana; and electropop and synthpop in Mr. Simple.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Also re-sang some old songs on their album. Their debut single “Twins (Knock Out)” was a cover of |Triple Eight]'s “Knockout”, which had been released in 2003.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Most of the songs they rerecorded, the original title was retained, such as Cape's own song, “L.O.V.E” and Exile's “Believe”, both of these songs from Twins.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Super Junior is close to Yoo Young-jin, who has produced and orchestrated their lead single since debut.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Yoo is also known for creating the SM style, a type of song composed of harmonizations from rock, R&B, and rap, amplified by the sound of electric guitar, bass, and other percussive musical instruments. [123]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Super Junior prominently featured this Junior style in Don't Don. [124]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The group is also known for its vocal harmonization and unity where each member contributes a different range in choruses, and often often features a different belly sound style in their songs. [f] [125] Subgroups Since the debut, there have been five Super Junior subgroups formed.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

With the exception of Kibum, all members enter at least in one subgroup.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The purpose of establishing this subgroup is part of SM Entertainment's strategy of not limiting Super Junior activities when some members focus on their individual careers. Excellent members of freedom to all group members to focus on different areas in their careers, In addition to members of the group's opportunity to explore different musical styles and display different skills [126] [127] Furthermore, the purpose of subgroup formation is to show that Super Junior can accommodate and showcase different music genres.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

This strategy was later protested by critics, as this has been infectious resulting in a large number of music groups making similar official and unofficial subgroups. [128]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Super Junior-K.R.Y. Super Junior-T Super Junior-M Super Junior-H Super Junior-D&E Philanthrophy Super Junior was appointed ambassador at the 50th Anniversary of Korea-Thailand diplomatic relations in 2008. [129]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

On 20 February 2010, Super Junior was appointed as Taiwan's tourism ambassador.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Super Junior was also an ambassador of the “Blood Donation” campaign (2007—present) for the South Korean Red Cross and was once appointed ambassador of World Blood Donation Day.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

On March 3, 2011, Super Junior was appointed by the Koreas' Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Marine Affairs as the 2011 Korean Food Ambassador to promote Korean specialties worldwide.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

On June 17, 2011, Super Junior was selected as the ambassador of Seoul Summer Sale 2011. [130]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

They were again selected at Seoul Summer Sale 2012 [131] and Seoul Summer Sale 2016. [132]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

On July 24, 2011, Super Junior was appointed as the tourism ambassador of Korea and LG Korea.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

In addition they were also appointed as one of the ambassadors of Lotte Duty Free until now, while Donghae and Siwon became ambassadors of Philippine clothing brand Bench.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Kyuhyun became the ambassador of Masita, and together with Siwon became the ambassador of SK Telecom. [133]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

On September 4, 2012, Super Junior was appointed as ambassador of Gangnam Region, Seoul. [134]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Controversy Expansion into China After the Super Junior-K.R.Y. and Super Junior-T subgroups, on October 2, 2007, S.M. Entertainment announced the establishment of a Super Junior sub-unit project that will start promotion in China in 2008.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Zhou Mi and S.M. Entertainment's new trainee bloody Taiwanese-Canadian Henry Lau, who has also appeared in the music video “Don't Don”, became members of this subgroup. [135]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The announcement of the two new members caused turmoil among fans, some agreed some refused.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Initially, a group of fans planned to boycott the company's products, but it was eventually changed they chose a silent protest. Thousands of fans from the official Super Junior E.L.F. fanclub sat silently in front of the B.C. building carrying signs supporting the group of only thirteen. [136]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

After various rumors regarding the addition of other members into the subgroup, the fans decided to create a legal representative as part of S.M. Entertainment shareholders.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

As of March 20, 2008, Super Junior fans members 58,206 shares of S.M. Entertainment, controlling 0.3% of the company's overall shares. [137]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

The fans released a statement that they would do everything it could to hold S.M. Entertainment from adding new members and keeping Super Junior to only thirteen. [137]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Conflict with MBC The issue of airing time occurred between S.M. Entertainment and MBC when SM forced Kangin to remain in SBS's Explorers of the Human Body rather than MBC's Sunday Night Dong-An Club () where Kangin was a regular host.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

MBC within a certain period of time prevents all other Super Junior members from appearing at appearances and events owned by MBC. [138]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Kangin also lost his job as MC replaced by T.O.P. Big Bang on the music show, Show!


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Music Core and two other variety shows, both of which were discontinued after Kangin's departure due to low rating. [139]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

MBC sought an apology from S.M. Entertainment so that Super Junior could appear at their events.


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

However, MBC concluded that the Super Junior strangulation was never officially carried out, but only an outage from the producer of the related event. [140]


Question: when was Animal Farm first released?

Super Junior

Han Geng's lawsuit and departure from the group. On December 21, 2009, Han Geng delivered a lawsuit to S.M. Entertainment, related to the issue of contract period and revenue. [141] [142] [143] On December 21, 2010, Seoul State Pengandilan granted Han Geng's demands. [144] on the date September 27, 2011, his departure was officially announced. [116] [117] Awards and recognition Outlinks Reference (in Korean) Category:K-pop music groups Category:Artists S.M. Entertainment Category:Music groups founded in 2005 Category:South Korean music groups


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Pesticides or pest exterminators are materials used to control, resist, or eradicate disruptive organisms. [1]


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

The name is derived from pest (“pest”) given the suffix -cide (“exterminator”).


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

The targets are various, such as insects, rats, weeds, birds, mammals, fish, or microbia that are considered disturbing.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Pesticides are usually, but not always, toxic.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

The use of pesticides without following the given rules endangers human health and the environment, and can also damage ecosystems.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, 9 out of 12 harmful organic chemical compounds are pesticides. [2] [3] History Before 2000 BC, humans have used pesticides to protect agricultural crops.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

The first pesticides were sulfur in the form of elements spread over agricultural land in Sumeria about 4500 years ago.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

The 4000 year old Rig Veda mentions the use of poisonous plants to control pests. [4]


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Since the 15th century, harmful compounds such as arsenic, mercury, and lead were applied on farmland to kill pests.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

In the 17th century, nicotine sulfate was extracted from tobacco leaves to serve as an insecticide.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

The 19th century, pyrethrums from chrysanthemums and rotenons from vegetable roots began to be developed. [5]


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Until the 1950s, arsenic-based pesticides were still dominant. [6]


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Paul Herman Müller found DDT highly effective as an insecticide.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Organochlorines became dominant, but were soon replaced by organophosphates and carbamates in 1975 in developed countries.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Pyretrin compounds became the dominant insecticides. [6]


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Herbicides developed and came into widespread use in the 1960s with triazines and other nitrogen-based compounds, carboxylic acids, and glyphosate. [6]


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

In the 1960s, it was discovered that DDT caused various fish-eating birds to not reproduce, which became a serious problem for biodiversity.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

The use of DDT in agriculture is now banned in the Stockholm Convention, but it is still used in some developing countries to prevent malaria and other tropical diseases by embedding them against walls to prevent the presence of mosquitoes. [7]


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

The FAO definition defines pesticides as “substances or mixtures of substances aimed at preventing, killing, or controlling certain pests, including disease vectors for humans and animals, unwanted plant or animal species that may cause harm during production, processing , storage, transportation, or marketing of agricultural materials (including forest products, fisheries, and livestock produce) .The term also includes substances that control plant growth, shedding leaves, drying crops, preventing fruit shedding, and so on that are useful for control pests and mitigate the effects of the presence of pests, both before and after harvesting. “[8]


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Pesticides can be classified based on the target of the targeted organism, [3] [9] the structure of its compounds (e.g. organic, inorganic, synthetic, biopesticide), [10] and its physical form and the way it is applied (e.g. fumigation on gas-tangible pesticides). [10]


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Biopesticides include microbiological and biochemical pesticides. [11]


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Plant-based pesticides have developed today, namely pyretrum, rotenone, nicotine, strychnine, and scillirocide. [12] :15 Various pesticides can be classified into a family of chemical compounds.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Famous pesticide chemical compounds are organochlorines, organophosphates, and carbamates.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

The family of organochlorine hydrocarbons can be divided into dichlorodiphenyletana (DDT), cyclodiene compounds, and others.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Organochlorines work by disrupting the potassium-sodium ion balance within the neural tissue.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

The degree of poisoning of these compounds can vary, but whole organochlorine compounds are persistent and biologically accumulated. [12] :239—240 Organophosphates and carbamates have replaced organochlorines.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Both inhibit the work of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase that sends acetylcholine to nerve tissue, capable of causing paralysis.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Organophosphates are generally toxic to vertebrates. [12] :136—137 Herbicides such as phenoxy work selectively and only eyeing broad-leaved weeds and not eyeing grasses.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Phenoxy and benzoic acid function much like plant growth hormone, and grow cells uncontrollably, thus forcing the work of plant transport systems (floem and xylem) and damaging them. [12] :300 Triazines interfere with photosynthesis. [12] :335 Glyphosate, which is now widely used, has not yet are categorized in any family of herbicidal compounds.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Pesticides can also be classified based on their biological mechanisms and methods of application.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Most pesticides work by poisoning pests. [13]


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Systemic pesticides are absorbed by plants and move inside plants thereby poisoning pests that suck out plant nutrients.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Insecticides and fungicides move through the xylem.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Systemic insecticides can harm non target insects, even beneficial insects such as bees and other polylinators, as systemic synsecticides also move from within the plant body to the flower.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

In 2009, the fungicide paldoxin was introduced and works by utilizing compounds released by plants, phytoalexins.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Naturally, fungi detoxify against phytoalexins.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Paldoxine inhibits enzymes that play a role in such detoxification.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

This fungicide is believed to be safer. [14]


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Pesticides can also be classified by their decomposition ability (biodegradable and persistent) which can last for a few seconds to annual.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

DDT takes an annual time to decompose in nature, and will accumulate in the food chain. [15]


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Organophosphates Organophosphate pesticides affect the nervous system by disrupting enzymes that regulate acetylcholine, a nerve signalling agent.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

It was discovered in the early 19th century, but its effects on insects and humans became known only in 1932: organophosphates are just as harmful to insects and humans.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Some were highly toxic and were used in World War II as weapons.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

But it is usually not persistent in nature.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Carbamates Just like organophosphates, but their effects are reversible and curable.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Organochlorines Organochlorines work by disrupting the potassium-sodium ion balance within the neural tissue.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Organochlorine has been banned from its use in various countries because it harms the environment and health and is very persistent.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Pyrethroids Developed as a synthetic version of the natural compound pyrethrin found in chrysanthemum flowers.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

But synthetic pyrethroid compounds are harmful to the health of the nervous system.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Sulfonylurea This pesticide kills plants by inhibiting the enzyme acetolactate synthase. [16]


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Biopesticides Biopesticides are developed from natural materials, from animals, plants, bacteria, and mineral mine materials.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Examples are canola oil and baking soda having the ability as pesticides.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

Classification of biopesticides is: Microbial biopesticide which is a set of microbes (bacteria, fungi, viruses) as the active ingredient.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

These biopesticides are selective and are eyeing specific targets only.


Question: What are Pesticides?

Pesticides

There have been fungi that are cultivated as an inhibitor to the growth of certain weeds.