Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

During his reign, the Banu Abbasids claimed that their dynasty was unrivaled.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

But later, Said ibn Husain, a Shia Muslim from the Fatimiyyyah dynasty claimed to be from the descendants of his daughters the Prophet Muhammad, claimed himself as Caliph in 909, resulting in dual power arising in areas of North Africa.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

At first he controlled only Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Later, however, he began to expand his area of power all the way to Egypt and Palestine, before finally the Banu Abbasyiah managed to retake the areas they had previously controlled, leaving only Egypt as the area of power of the Bani Fatimiyyah.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Fatimiyyyah dynasty then collapsed in 1171.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Whereas the Banu Umayyads could survive and continue to lead the Muslim community in Spain, then they claimed back the title of Caliph in 929, until it was finally dropped back in 1031.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Towards the golden peak of the Abbasid Khilafah is a continuation of the earlier khilafah of the Banu Umayyads, where the founder of this khilafah was Abdullah al-Saffah ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdullah ibn al-Abbas (may Allah have mercy on him).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The patterns of governance applied by Daulah Abbasiyah vary according to political, social, and cultural changes.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

His dominion lasted over a long span of time, from 132 H (750 AD) to 656 H (1258 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Based on changing patterns of governance and politics, historians usually divide the reign of Daulah Abbas into five periods: the First Period (132 AH/750 AD - 232 AH/847 AD), called the period of first Persian influence.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Second Period (232 H/847 AD - 334 H/945 AD), is called the period of the first Turkish influence.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Third Period (334 AH/945 AD - 447 AH/1055 AD), the time of rule of the Bani Buwaih dynasty in the reign of the Abbasid khilafah.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This period is also called the second Persian period of influence.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Fourth Period (447 AH/1055 AD - 590 H/L194 AD), the time of the rule of the Bani Seljuk daulah in the reign of the Abbasiyah khilafah; it is usually also referred to as the period of the second Turkic influence (under control) of the Seljuk Sultanate (salajiqah al-Kubra/the great Seljuk).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Fifth Period (590 AH/1194 AD - 656 AH/1258 AD), the caliph's period was free from the influence of other dynasties, but his power was only effective around the city of Baghdad and ended by invasions from the Mongols.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the first period of rule Bani Abbas reached its golden age.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Politically, the caliphs were actually powerful figures and were centers of political and religious power at once.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

On the other hand, people's prosperity reaches its highest level.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This period also successfully prepared the foundation for the development of philosophy and science in Islam.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

But after this period ended, the rule of Bani Abbas began to decline in politics, although philosophy and science continued to evolve.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The reign of Abu al-Abbas, the founder of the dynasty was very short, namely from 750-754 A.D. Subsequently succeeded by Abu Ja'far al-Manshur (754-775 AD), who violently confronted his opponents mainly from the Banu Umayyads, the Khawarij, and also the Shi'ah.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In order to strengthen his power, large figures who might become rivals to him one by one were sidelined.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Abdullah bin Ali and Salih bin Ali, both of whom were his own uncles who were appointed governors by the previous caliphs in Syria and Egypt were killed for not being willing to take him, al-Manshur ordered Abu Muslim al-Khurasani to do so, and then sentenced to death Abu Muslim al- Khurasani in 755 AD, as it was feared that it would be a contender for him.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

At first the capital of the state was al-Hasyimiyah, near Kufah.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, to further solidify and maintain the stability of the newly established state, al-Mansyur moved the capital of the state to his newly built city, Baghdad, near the former capital of Persia, Ctesiphon, in 762 A.D. Thus, the center of government of the Bani Abbas dynasty was in the middle of the Persians.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In this new capital city al-Manshur carried out consolidation and enforced his government, among them by creating a kind of executive and judicial institution.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the field of government, he created a new tradition by elevating the Vizier as coordinator of the existing ministries, the first Vizier to be appointed was Khalid bin Barmak, originally from Balkh, Persia.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

He also established state protocol agencies, secretaries of state, and state police in addition to restyling the armed forces.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

He appointed Muhammad ibn Abdurrahman as a judge on the state's judicial institutions.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The supervision of the post that had existed since the time of the Bani Umayyad dynasty improved its role with additional duties.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

If it used to be just to deliver the mail.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

During the time of al-Manshur, the post was assigned to collect all information in the areas so that the state administration could run smoothly.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The directors of the post service were tasked to report the behavior of the local governor to the caliph.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Caliph al-Manshur attempted to reconquer areas previously liberated from the central government, and establish security in the border areas.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Among these efforts were to seize strongholds in Asia, the city of Malatia, the region of Coppadocia and Cicilia in 756-758 A.D.To the north its reinforcements crossed the mountains of Taurus and approached the Bosphorus strait.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

On the other hand, he made peace with emperor Constantine V and during the truce of 758-765 AD, the Byzantines paid an annual tribute.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

His armies also faced off against Khazar Turkic forces in the Caucasus, Daylami on the Caspian sea, Turks in other parts of the Oxus, and India.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

During this time of al-Manshur, the sense of caliph again changed.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

He said: Innama anii Sulthan Allah fi ardhihi (verily I am the power of God on His earth) Thus, the concept of khilafah in his view and continued into the generations afterwards is a mandate from God, not of man, nor merely a prophet's continuation as it was during the time al- Khulafa' al-Rasyiduun.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In addition, distinct from the Bani Umayyad daulates, the Abbasid caliphs wore “throne titles”, such as al-Manshur, and later this throne title was more popular than the actual name.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

If the foundations of the rule of the Abbasid daulah were laid and built by Abu al-Abbas as-Saffah and al-Manshur, then the golden peak of this dynasty was at seven caliphs afterwards, namely al-Mahdi (775-785 AD), Al-Hadi (775- 786 AD), Harun ar-Rasyid (786-809 AD), Al-Ma'mun (813-833 AD) al- Mu'tashim (833-842 AD), al-Watsiq (842-847 AD), and al-Mutawakkil (847-861 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In al-Mahdi's time the economy began to pick up with an increase in the agricultural sector through irrigation and an increase in mining yields such as silver, gold, copper and iron.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Except that trade transit between East and West also brings a lot of wealth.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Bashrah became an important port.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The popularity of the Abbasid daulah reached its peak during the time of the caliph Harun ar-Rashid (786-809 AD) and his son al-Ma'mun (813-833 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The wealth of the country widely utilized Harun al-Rasyid for social purposes, and established hospitals, physician educational institutions, and pharmaceuticals.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

At his time there were at least about 800 doctors.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In addition, public baths were also built.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Welfare, social, health, education, science, and culture and literature are in its golden age.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

It was during this time that the Islamic state established itself as the strongest and unchallenged state.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Al-Ma'mun, the successor of Harun ar-Rasyid, was known as a caliph who was deeply in love with the science of philosophy.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

During his reign, the translation of foreign books was initiated.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In order to translate Greek books, he paid translators from the Christian group and adherents of other religions (wa laa haula wa laa quwwata illaa billaah).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

He also established many schools, one of his most important major works being the construction of Baitul Hikmah, a translation center that serves as a college with a large library.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

It was during al-Ma'mun's time that Baghdad began to become a center of culture and science.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Al-Mu'tasim, the next caliph (833—842 AD), gave the Turks great opportunities to enter in government, their involvement beginning as a bodyguard army.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Unlike during the time of the Umayyad Daulah, the Abbasid dynasty held changes to the army system.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The practice of muslims following the war has stalled.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Soldiers are specially fostered into professional soldiers.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Thus, the military power of the Bani Abbas dynasty became very strong.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Nevertheless, in this period many political challenges and movements disturbed stability, both from among Bani Abbas himself and from outside.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Those movements such as the movements of the remnants of the Bani Umayyads and the internal circles of Bani Abbas, the al-Khawarij revolution in North Africa, the Zindiq movement in Persia, the Shi'ah movement, and inter-nation conflicts and streams of religious thought, can all be quelled.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

From the above picture the Children of the Abbasids in the first period emphasized the development of Islamic civilization and culture rather than the expansion of territory.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This is the basic difference between the Banu Abbas and the Banu Umayyads.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In addition, there are also prominent features of the Bani Abbas dynasty that were not present in the time of the Umayyads.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

With the move of the capital to Baghdad, the rule of Bani Abbas became distant from Islamic Arab influence.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

While the Bani Umayyad dynasty was very oriented towards Islamic Arabia.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the first and third periods of Abbasid rule, the influence of Persian culture was very strong, and in the second and fourth periods the Turks were very dominant in the politics and rule of this dynasty.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the administration of the state, during the time of Bani Abbas there was a post of vizier, who supervised the heads of departments.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This position did not exist within the government of the Banu Umayyads.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The new professional army was formed during the reign of Bani Abbas.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Previously, there had been no professional specialized soldiers.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

As outlined above, the peak of the development of Islamic culture and thought occurred during the reign of Bani Abbas.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, it does not mean that it is entirely derived from the creativity of the ruler of Bani Abbas himself.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Some of these have begun since the beginning of the Islamic awakening.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the field of education, for example, in early Islam, educational institutions have begun to develop.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

At that time, the educational institution consisted of two levels: Maktab/Kuttab and mosque, which is the lowest educational institution, where children know the basics of reading, counting and writing; and where teenagers learn the basics of religious science, such as tafsir, hadith, fiqh and language.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Deepening level, where students who want to deepen their knowledge, go out of the area demanding knowledge to a person or several experts in their respective fields.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

By and large, the science demanded is religious sciences.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

His teaching took place in mosques or in the houses of concerned clerics.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

For the son of the ruler education could take place in the palace or in the house of said ruler by calling expert clerics there.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

These institutions later flourished during the reign of Bani Abbas, with the establishment of libraries and academies.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The library at that time was more of a university, because in addition to the books, people could also read, write, and discuss.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The development of educational institutions reflects the development and progress of science.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This was largely determined by the development of Arabic, both as a language of administration that had been in effect since the time of the Banu Umayyads, and as the language of science.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In addition, the progress is at least, also determined by two things, namely: The assimilation between the Arabs and other nations that first experienced developments in the field of science.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

During the reign of Bani Abbas, many non-Arab nations converted to Islam.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Assimilation takes place effectively and is useful.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Those nations gave a certain stake in the development of science in Islam.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Persian influence, as already mentioned, was very strong in the field of government.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In addition, the Persians were meritorious in the development of science, philosophy, and literature.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Indian influence is seen in medicine, mathematical sciences and astronomy.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

While Greek influence came through translations in many fields of science, especially philosophy.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Translation movements that take place in three phases.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The first phase, during the time of caliph al-Manshur to Harun ar-Rasyid.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In this phase many translated were works in astronomy and manthiq.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The second phase lasted from the time of caliph al-Ma'mun until the year 300 H. The widely translated books were in philosophy and medicine.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The third phase takes place after the year 300 H, especially after the existence of papermaking.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The fields of translated science are increasingly widespread.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The influence of the advanced culture of the nation, especially through the translation movement, not only brings progress in the field of general science, but also religious science.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the field of tafsir, since its inception have been known two methods, the first interpretation, tafsir bi al-ma'tsur, that is, traditional interpretation by taking interpretations from the Prophet and the Companions.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Second, the interpretation of bi al-ra'yi, which is a rational method that rests more on opinions and thoughts than hadith and companions' opinions.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Both of these methods did evolve during the reign of Bani Abbas.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

But it is clear that the interpretation by the bi al-ra'yi method, (rational interpretation), is strongly influenced by the development of philosophic and science thought.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The same is also seen in fiqh science and especially in theological science.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The development of logic among Muslims greatly influenced the development of the two fields of science.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The priests of the four law madzhab lived during the reign of the first Abbasids.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Imam Abu Hanifah (700-767 AD) in his legal opinions were influenced by the development that occurred in Kufah, a city in the midst of Persian culture whose community life has reached a higher level of progress.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Therefore, this madhab uses more rational thought than hadith.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

His disciple and at the same time his continuator, Abu Yusuf, became Qadhi al-Qudhat in the time of Aaron ar-Rashid.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In contrast to Imam Abu Hanifah, Imam Malik (713-795 AD) used a lot of hadith and traditions of the people of Medina.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The opinion of the two figures of the legal madhab was brokered by Imam Shafi'i (767-820 AD), and Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780-855 AD) who restored the madzhab system and the opinion of reason only to the hadith of the Prophet and commanded his disciples to hold on to the hadith of the Prophet and understanding of the companions of the Prophet.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This they did to maintain and purify the teachings of Islam from the cultures and customs of non-Arabs.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Alongside the four founders of the great madzhab, during the reign of Bani Abbas many other mujtahids issued their opinions freely and established his madzhabs anyway.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, because his followers did not flourish, the thought and the madhab were lost with the passing of the ages.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The heretical streams that had existed during the time of the Children of Umayyads, such as Khawarij, Murji'ah and Mu'tazilah existed.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

But the development of his thinking is still limited.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Mu'tazilah's rational theology emerged at the end of the Bani Umayyad rule.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, his more complex and perfect thoughts were new they formulated during the reign of the first period of Bani Abbas, after a contact with Greek thought that brought philosophic thought and rationalism in Islam.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The greatest formulating figures of Mu'tazilah thought were Abu al-Huzail al-Allaf (135-235 AH/752-849M) and al-Nazzam (185-221 H/801-835M).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Ash'ariyah, the traditional stream in theology established by Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (873-935 AD) who was born during the time of Bani Abbas was also widely affected by Greek logic.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This happened, because al-Ash'ari was formerly a follower of Mu'tazilah.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The same is true in the field of literature.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The writing of hadith, also developed rapidly during the time of Bani Abbas.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

That may be mainly due to the availability of facilities and transportation, making it easier for seekers and hadith writers to work.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The influence of the translation movement is seen in the development of general science, especially in the fields of astronomy, medicine, philosophy, chemistry and history.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the famous astronomical field al-Fazari names as the Islamic astronomer who first composed the astrolobe.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Al-Farghani, known in Europe by the name Al-Faragnus, wrote a compendium of astronomical science translated into Latin by Gerard Cremona and Johannes Hispalensis.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the field of medicine are known as ar-Razi and Ibn Sina.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Ar-Razi was the first figure to distinguish between smallpox disease with measles.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

He was also the first to compile a book concerning pediatric medicine.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Afterward, medical science was in the hands of Ibn Sina.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Ibn Sina who was also a philosof succeeded in discovering the circulatory system in humans.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Among his works is al-Qoonuun fi al-Thibb which is the most massive encyclopaedia of medicine in history.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the optical field Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haitsami, who in Europe was known as Alhazen, was famous as a man who opposed the opinion that the eye sent light to the object being seen.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

According to his theory that later proved the truth was the treasurer who sent light to the eyes.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the field of chemistry, famous name Jabir ibn Hayyan.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

He argued that metals such as tin, iron and copper could be converted into gold or silver by mixing in a particular substance.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the field of mathematics is well known name Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khawarizmi, who was also proficient in astronomy.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

It was he who created the science of algebra.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The word algebra comes from the title of his book, al-Jabr wa al-Muqoibalah.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the field of history is well known the name al-Mas'udi.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

He is also an expert in the science of geography.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Among his works is Muuruj al-Zahab wa Ma'aadzin al-Jawahir.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Notable figures in the field of philosophy include al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Ibn Rusyd.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Al-Farabi wrote many books on philosophy, logic, soul, statehood, ethics and interpretation of Aristotle's philosophy.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Ibn Sina also made many books on philosophy, the famous one of which is ash-Shifa'.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Ibn Rusyd, who in the West is better known as Averroes, was widely influential in the West in the field of philosophy, so there is a stream called Averroism.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

During this caliphate, the Islamic world experienced a massive increase in the field of science.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

One of the great innovations of this time was the translation of works in the fields of knowledge, literature, and philosophy from Greece, Persia, and Hindustan.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Many groups of thinkers were born this age, many of them are not Islamic and not Arab Muslims.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

They played an important role in translating and developing the work of Greek and Hindu literature, and the science of pre-Islamic times to European Christian communities.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This donation of them led to an expert in Greek philosophy namely Aristotle to be well known in Europe.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In addition, in this age witnessed the discoveries of geography, mathematics, and astronomy such as Euclid and Claudius Ptolemy.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

These sciences were later improved again by some Islamic figures such as Al-Biruni and so on.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Such was the political and cultural progress that Islamic rule had achieved in the classical period, progress that was unmatched at that time.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

At this time, political progress went hand in hand with the advancement of civilization and culture, so that Islam reached its golden age, glory and resolation.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This golden age reached its peak especially during the first period of Bani Abbas rule, but after this period ended, Islamic civilization also suffered a period of decline.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Wallahul Musta'an. The Mamluk influence of the Abbasid Caliphate was the first to organize the use of slave armies called Mamluk in the 9th century.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Formed by al-Ma'mun, these slave armies were dominated by the Turks but also heavily filled by Berbers from North Africa and Slavs from Eastern Europe.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This is an innovation because previously used were mercenaries from Turkey.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

However the Mamluk army helped as well as complicate the caliphate of the Abbasiyah. due to the various conditions that existed in the Muslims at that time, in the end, this caliphate only became a symbol and even this Mamluk army, known as the Bani Mamalik succeeded in power, which in originally took the initiative to seize the power of the Ayyubiyyah kingdom which at that time was a prolonged hand from the chilafah of Banu Abbas, this was because the rulers of Ayyubiyyah at that time were less assertive in leading the kingdom.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

These Bani Mamalik established their own sultanate in Egypt and moved the capital from Baghdad to Cairo after various attacks from the tartar army and the destruction of Baghdad itself after Mongol attacks under the leadership of Hulagu Khan.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Although ruling the Bani Mamalik still declared themselves under the rule (symbolic) of the caliphate, where the Abbasid caliph remained as head of state.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The influence of Bani Buwaih Another factor that caused the political role of Bani Abbas to decline was the seizure of power in the center of government, by allowing the position to remain held by bani Abbas, because the caliph was already considered a sacred and inviolable religious office, while power can be established in the center as well as areas far from the center of government in the form of small independent dynasties.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Among other factors that caused Bani Abbas's political role to decline was the power struggle at the centre of government.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This was actually also the case with previous Islamic governments.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, what happened to the Abbasid government was different from what happened before.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

During the reign of Bani Abbas, power struggles were frequent, especially early in its founding.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, in subsequent times, as seen in the second period onwards, although the caliph was powerless, there was no attempt to seize the post of khilafah from the hands of Bani Abbas.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

All there was was an attempt to seize his power by allowing the post of caliph to remain held by Bani Abbas.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This happened because the caliph was already considered a sacred and inviolable religious office.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

While power can be established in the center as well as in areas far from the center of government in the form of small independent dynasties.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Turkish army managed to seize the power.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In their hands the caliph is like a puppet who can do nothing.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In fact they were the ones who elected and deposed the caliph according to their political desires.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

After power was in the hands of the Turks in the second period, in the third period (334-447 H/L055 AD), the Abbasid daulah came under the influence of the Shi'ah-understood Banu Buwaih.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The influence of Bani Seljuk After the fall of power of Bani Buwaih into the hands of the Bani Seljuk or Salajiqah Al-Kubro (the Great Seljuk), the position and position of the Abbasiyad caliph was slightly better, at least his authority in the religious sphere was restored even they continued to maintain integrity and security for stem the understanding of Shi'ah and develop the Sunni manhaj professed by them.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Important factors that led to the decline of Bani Abbas at this time, so many regions made free, were: The extent of the Abbasiyyah's sovereign power area while central communication with the region was difficult.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Simultaneously, the level of mutual trust among the rulers and executors of the government was very low.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

With the professionalization of the armed forces, the caliph's reliance on them was very high.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The finances of the country are very difficult because the costs incurred on mercenaries are enormous.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

At a time when military power was declining, the caliph was unable to force the delivery of taxes to Baghdad.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The period of Disintegration (1000-1250 A.D.) As a result of wisdom that emphasizes the development of civilization and Islamic culture than the political issue, certain provinces on the periphery began to escape the grasp of the rulers of Bani Abbas, in various ways including the rebellion was carried out by local leaders and they managed to gain full independence.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Disintegration in the political sphere had actually begun to occur in the late days of the Banu Umayyads.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

But speaking of Islamic politics in the historical trajectory, there will be a difference between the Bani Umayyad government and the Bani Abbas government.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Bani Umayyad area of power, starting from the beginning of its foundation until the period of its collapse, aligned with the boundaries of the Islamic power area.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

It is not entirely true to apply to the government of Bani Abbas.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This dynastic dominion was never recognized in Spain and the rest of North Africa, with the exception of Egypt which was intermittent and mostly nominal in nature.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Even in reality, many areas were not controlled by the caliph.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In real terms, those areas were under the rule of governors of the provinces concerned.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

His relationship with khilafah was marked by the payment of taxes.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

It is possible that the Abbasid caliphs had been quite satisfied with nominal recognition of certain provinces, with the payment of the tribute.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The reason is: Perhaps the caliphs were not strong enough to make them submit to him. The ruler of Bani Abbas was more focused on the development of civilization and culture than politics and expansion.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

As a result of wisdom that emphasizes the cultivation of Islamic civilization and culture rather than political issues, certain provinces on the periphery began to escape the grasp of the ruler of Bani Abbas.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This can happen in one of two ways: A local leader leads a rebellion and manages to gain full independence, such as the daulah of the Bani Umayyads in Spain and the Bani Idrisiyyah in Marokko.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

One who was appointed governor by the caliph, his standing grew stronger, such as daulah Aghlabiyyah in Tunisia and Thahiriyyah in Khurasan.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

With the exception of the Bani Umayyads in Spain and the Banu Idrisiyyah in Marokko, the provinces at first remained obedient to pay tribute as long as they watched Baghdad stabilize and the caliph was able to overcome the emerging upheavals.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

But by the time the caliph's authoritative had faded they broke away from Baghdad's dominion.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Not only did they eat away at the caliph's power, but some of them even tried to take control of the caliph himself.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

According to Ibn Khaldun, in fact the collapse in power of Bani Abbas began to be seen from the beginning of the ninth century.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This phenomenon may be concurrent with the arrival of leaders who have military power in certain provinces that make them completely independent.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The military power of the Abbasids of that time began to regress.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Instead, the Abbasid rulers employed professional men in the military field, particularly Turkish soldiers with a new system of slavery as outlined above.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The appointment of this member of the Turkish military, in later developments teryata became a major threat to the caliph's power.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Moreover, in the first period of the reign of the Abbasiyah dynasty, there was a nationality fanaticism in the form of the Shu'u arabiyah movement (nationality/anti Arab).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

It is this movement that gives much inspiration to political movements, in addition to religious issues.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

It seems that the caliphs were not aware of the political danger of the fanaticism of the nationality and the religious stream, so although perceived in almost all facets of life, such as in literature and scientific works, they did not mean to abolish such fanaticism, even there was among those who actually involve themselves in that nationality and religious conflict.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This period of disintegration occurred after the rule of the first period of the Bani Abbasids reached its golden age, during the following period the reign of this dynasty began to decline, especially in the political sphere.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Where one reason is the tendency of rulers to live luxuriously and the weakness of the caliph in presiding over the wheels of government.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The end of the Seljuk Dynasty's rule over Baghdad or the Abbasid khilafah was the beginning of the fifth period.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In this period, the Abbasid caliphs were no longer under the rule of a particular dynasty, although many Islamic dynasties stood.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

There are among them considerable, but the most are minor dynasties.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid caliphs, had become independent and regained power, but only in Baghdad and its surroundings.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This narrow area of caliph power showed his political weakness.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

It was during this time that Mongol and Tartar armies attacked Baghdad.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Baghdad can be seized and destroyed without any meaningful resistance.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The destruction of Baghdad as a result of this attack by the Mongol army was the beginning of a new chapter in Islamic history, called the middle age.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

As seen in the periodization of the Abbasid khilafah, the period of decline begins as early as the second period.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, the factors that caused the deterioration did not come suddenly.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The seeds were already visible in the first period, only because the caliphate in this period was very strong, the seeds did not have time to develop.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the history of Bani Abbas power it was seen that when the caliph was strong, ministers tended to play the role of chief civil servants, but if the caliph was weak, they would rule the wheels of government.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Alongside the weakness of the caliph, many other factors caused the Abbasid chilafah to retreat, each of these factors being related to each other.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Some of these are as follows: The rivalry between the Abbasiyad Khilafah peoples was established by the Banu Abbas who allied themselves with the Persians.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The fellowship is background by the equation of fate of the two groups during the time when the Children of Umayyads were in power.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Both are equally oppressed.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

After the Abbasid khilafah stood, the Bani Abbas dynasty retained the communion.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

According to Ibn Khaldun, there were two reasons the Bani Abbas dynasty chose the Persians rather than the Arabs.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

It was difficult for the Arabs to forget the Banu Umayyads.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In those days they were first-class citizens.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Arabs themselves were split by the existence of ashabiyah (tribalism).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Thus, the Abbasid khilafah was not enforced above traditional ashabiyah.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Nonetheless, the Persians did not feel satisfied.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

They wanted a dynasty with kings and servants from Persia anyway.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Meanwhile the Arabs thought that the blood flowing in their bodies was the blood (race) privileged and they considered inferior to non-Arab peoples ('ajam).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In addition, the territory of the Abbasids in the first period was extensive, encompassing a variety of different peoples, such as Morocco, Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Persia, Turkey, and India.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

They were united with the Semitic nation.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Except Islam, at that time there was no consciousness that knitted such assorted elements strongly.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

As a result, alongside kearaban fanaticism, there also arose the fanaticism of other nations which gave birth to the syu'ubiyah movement.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This nationality fanaticism was apparently allowed to flourish by the ruler


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Meanwhile, the caliphs ran a new system of slavery.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The slaves of the Persians or Turks were made servants and soldiers.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

They were given a dynastic nasab and got a salary.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

By the Bani Abbas, they were considered servants.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This system of slavery has heightened the influence of the Persians and Turks.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Because of their great number and power, they felt that the state was theirs; they had power over the people by virtue of the caliph's power.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The tendency of each nation to dominate power had been felt since the early Abbasid caliphate stood.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, since the caliphs are strong men who are able to maintain a balance of power, political stability can be maintained.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

After al-Mutawakkil, a weak caliph, ascended the throne, the domination of the Turkish army was unstoppable again.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Since then Bani Abbas's rule has actually come to an end.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Power is in the hands of the Turks.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This position was later taken by the Bani Buwaih, a Persian nation, in the third period, and further passed to the Seljuk Dynasty in the fourth period, as outlined earlier.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The emergence of dynasties that were born and some broke away from the power of Baghdad during the period of the Abbasids, among them were: The Persian: Bani Thahiriyyah in Khurasan, (205-259 AH/820-872 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Bani Shafariyah in Fars, (254-290 H/868-901 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Bani Samaniyah in Transoxania, (261-389 H/873-998 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Bani Sajiyyah in Azerbaijan, (266-318 H/878-930 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Bani Buwaih, even controlled Baghdad, (320-447 H/932-1055 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Turkic nationality: Thuluniyah in Egypt, (254-292 H/837-903 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Ikhsyidiyah in Turkistan, (320-560 H/932-1163 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Ghaznawiyah in Afghanistan, (351-585 H/962-1189 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Bani Seljuk/Salajiqah and its branches: a.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The great Seljuk, or Great Seljuk, was founded by Rukn al-Din Abu Thalib Tuqhril Bek ibn Mikail ibn Seljuk ibn Tuqaq.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

These Seljuks took control of Baghdad and ruled for about 93 years (429-522H/1037-1127 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

And Sulthan Alib Arselan won the Crusade to I over the emperor Romanus IV and succeeded in captaining him.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

b.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Seljuk Kinnan at Kirman, (433-583 H/1040-1187 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

c.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Seljuk Syria or Syam in Syria, (487-511 H/1094-1117 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

d.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Seljuk Iraqis in Iraq and Kurdistan, (511-590 H/1117-1194 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

e.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Seljuk Ruum or Asia minor in central Asia (Anatolian Peninsula), (470-700 H/1077-1299 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Kurds: al-Barzuqani, (348-406 H/959-1015 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Abu 'Ali, (380-489 AH/990-1095 AD). al-Ayyubiyyah, (564-648 AH/1167-1250 AD), was founded by Sulthan Shalahuddin al-Ayyubi after his success winning the Crusades of the III period.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Arab: Idrisiyyah in the Maghrib, (172-375 H/788-985 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Aghlabiyyah in Tunisia (184-289 H/800-900 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Dulafiyah in Kurdistan, (210-285 H/825-898 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

'Alawiyah in Thabaristan, (250-316 H/864-928 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Hamdaniyah in Aleppo and Maushil, (317-394 H/929- 1002 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Mazyadiyyah at Hillah, (403-545 H/1011-1150 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Ukailiyyah at Maushil, (386-489 H/996-1 095 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Mirdasiyyah in Aleppo, (414-472 H/1023-1079 AD).


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Who professed itself as khilafah: Umayyads in Spain.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Fatimiyah in Egypt.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

From the background of the dynasties, it seems clear there was an inter-nation rivalry, especially between Arabs, Persians and Turks.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In addition to the background of nationality, the dynasties are also in religious background, some are of Shi'ah and Sunni background.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The economic deterioration of the Abbasiyah Khilafah also suffered setbacks in economics along with setbacks in the political sphere.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the first period, the Bani Abbas administration was a rich government.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The funds coming in are larger than those that come out, so Baitul-Mal is full of treasures.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Large accretions of funds were obtained, among others, from al-Kharaj, a kind of produce tax.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

After khilafah entered a period of decline, state revenues decreased while expenditures increased greater.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The decrease in the country's revenue is due to the narrowing of the territory of power, the number of unrest that disrupts the people's economy. tax and the number of small dynasties that make free and no longer pay tribute.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Whereas the spending swells among other things were caused by the lives of caliphs and officials increasingly lavish.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Types of expenditure are getting more diverse and officials are doing corruption.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Unstable political conditions led to the economy of the morat-marit state.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

On the contrary, poor economic conditions weakened the political power of the second Abbasid dynasty, this factor was interrelated and indivisible.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The rise of misguided streams and tribal fanaticism.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Religious fanaticism is closely related to the issue of nationality.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Since the ideals of the Persians were not fully attained, disillusionment prompted in part them to propagandize the teachings of Manuism, Zoroasterism and Mazdakism.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The rise of this movement known as the Zindiq movement teased the caliphs' sense of faith.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Al-Mansur tried hard to eradicate it, even Al-Mahdi felt it necessary to establish a special watch to supervise the activities of the Zindiq people and perform mihnah with the aim of eradicating heresy.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, none of that stopped their activities.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Conflicts between the faithful and the Zindiq group continued from very simple forms such as polemics about teachings, to armed conflict that spilled blood on both sides.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The al-Afsyin and Qaramithah movements are examples of that armed conflict.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

By the time this movement began to angle, its supporters took refuge much behind Shi'ah teachings, so many Shi'ah streams were seen as ghulat (extreme) and considered deviant by Shi'ah adherents themselves.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The stream of Shi'ah is known as the political stream in Islam dealing with the understanding of Ahlussunnah.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Between the two there were frequent conflicts that sometimes also involved rulers.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Al-Mutawakkil, for example, ordered that Husein Ibn Ali's tomb in Karballa be destroyed.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

But his son, al-Muntashir (861—862 AD), again allowed the Shi'ahs to “pilgrimage” the tomb of Husein.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Shi'ah had been in power in the Abbasids through the Children of Buwaih for more than a hundred years.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Idrisiyah dynasty of Marokko and the Fathimiyah khilafah in Egypt were two Shi'ah dynasties that freed themselves from Sunni Baghdad.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Conflicts that are based on religion are not limited to conflicts between Muslims and zindiq or Ahlussunnah and Shi'ah alone, but also between streams in Islam.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Mu'tazilah who tend to rationally be accused of being a heresy maker by the salafy class.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The dispute between these two groups was sharpened by al-Ma'mun, the seventh caliph of the Abbasid dynasty (813—833 AD), by making Mu'tazilah the official madhab of the state and performing the mihnah.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the time of al-Mutawakkil (847-861 AD), the Mu'tazilah stream was cancelled as the state stream and the Sunni class again rose.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Hanbali followers' intolerance of rational Mu'tazilah was seen by philosophic figures to have narrowed the intellectual horizon whereas the salafs had sought to restore the teachings of Islam purely in accordance with those brought by the Messenger of Allah.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Mu'tazilah stream rose again during the time of the Bani Buwaih.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

But during the Seljuk Dynasty which adhered to Sunni, the removal of the Mu'tazilah group began to be done systematically.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Supported by the ruler of the stream of Asy'ariyah thrives and succeeds.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The thoughts of al-Ghazali that supported this flow became the main feature of Ahlussunnah's understanding.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

These thoughts have had an unfavorable effect on the development of Islamic intellectual creativity supposedly until now.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

With regard to the religious conflict, Syed Ameer Ali said: The religion of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings and blessings), as well as the religion of Isa (peace and blessings), was besieged by divisions and disputes from within.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Differences of opinion on abstract questions that cannot be certain in a life that has an end, always cause greater bitterness and more fierce hostility than differences about things still in the environment of human knowledge.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The matter of human free will... has led to a complicated mess in Islam... The opinion that the people and the head of religion are impossible to err... is the cause of the destruction of precious souls Threats from the Outside What is mentioned above are internal factors.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In addition, there were also external factors that caused the Abbasid chilafah to be weakened and ultimately destroyed.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Crusades that lasted several waves or periods and engulfed many casualties.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Mongol army's incursion into the territory of Islamic power.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

As mentioned, European Christians were called to go to war after Pope Urbanus II (1088-1099 AD) issued his fatah.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The crusade also burned the spirit of resistance of Christians who were in the territory of Islamic power.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, among the Eastern Christian communities, only Lebanese Armenians and Maronites were interested in the Crusades and involved themselves in the Crusaders.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The influence of the crusades was also seen in the storming of the Mongol army


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

It is mentioned that Hulagu Khan, commander-in-chief of the Mongol army, strongly hated Islam as he was much influenced by Buddhists and Nestorian Christians.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Christian churches associate with the anti-Islamic Mongols and are hardened in pockets of scripture.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Mongol army, after destroying Islamic centers, went into repairing Jerusalem.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

This crusade occurred in 1095 AD, when Pope Urbanus II called out to Christians in Europe to wage a holy war, to regain pilgrimage at Baitul Maqdis controlled by the Seljuk Rulers, and hinder the influence and invasion of the army Muslim over Christian territory.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

As before Sulthan Alp Arselan's army of 464 AH (1071 AD), which only had a strength of 20,000 [1] — 30,000 [2] warriors, in this event succeeded in defeating a Roman army of 40,000 [2] — 70,000 [3], consisting of Roman soldiers, Ghuz, al-Akraj, al-Hajr, French and Armenia, these events are known as the Manzikert events.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Although the Muslims managed to defend their regions from the Crusaders, the losses they suffered were numerous, because the wars occurred in their territory.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

These losses resulted in the political power of Muslims becoming weak.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

In such conditions they do not become united, but even split.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Many small daulah freed themselves from the central government of the Abbasids in Baghdad.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Attack of the Mongols and the Fall of Baghdad In 565 AH/1258 AD, a Mongol army of about 200,000 men arrived at one of Baghdad's doors.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Caliph al-Musta'shim, the last ruler of Bani Abbas in Baghdad (1243 - 1258), was utterly powerless and unable to stem the “typhoon” of Hulagu Khan's army.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

At that critical moment, the vizier of the Abbasid khilafah, Ibn Alqami, a Shi'ah wanted to take a chance by deceiving the caliph. la told the caliph, “I have met them for a peace treaty.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Hulagu Khan wanted to marry his daughters with Abu Bakr Ibn Mu'tashim, the son of the caliph.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Thus, Hulagu Khan will guarantee the position. la does not want anything but obedience, as your grandfathers did to the Seljuk sulthans”.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Caliph accepted the proposal, he went out with some followers by bringing pearls, gems and other precious gifts to be handed over to Hulagu Khan.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The gifts were distributed by Hulagu to his commanders.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The caliph's departure was overtaken by the magnifiers of the palace consisting of fiqhs and distinguished persons.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, Hulagu Khan's welcome was beyond the caliph's expectation.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

What his vizier said temyata is not true.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

All of them, including the vizier himself, were killed with their necks taken turns.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

With this violent killing came to an end the Abbasid rule in Baghdad.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The city of Baghdad itself was destroyed flush with the ground, as were the other cities that the Mongol army ran through.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Although it was destroyed, Hulagu Khan established his power in Baghdad for two years, before moving on to Syria and Egypt.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The fall of the city of Baghdad in 1258 AD into the hands of the Mongols not only ended the rule of the Bani Abbasids there, but also the beginning of a period of political decline and Islamic civilization, due to Bagdad as a center of Islamic culture and civilization that was very rich with khazanah The science also disappeared ground by the Mongol forces led by Hulaghu Khan.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Chronology of the Caliphate of the Bani Abbasiyyah 750 - Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah became the first Caliph of the Children of the Abbasids. 752 - The beginning of the Caliphate of the Bani Abbasids. 755 - Rebellion of Abdullah ibn Ali.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Assassination of Abu Muslim. 756 - Abd ar-Rahman I founded the kingdom of Bani Umayyads in Spain. 763 - Construction of the city of Bagdad.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The defeat of the Abbasiyad army in Spain. 786 - Aaron ar-Rasyid becomes Caliph. 792 - Incursion into northern France. 800 - Scientific rules begin to take shape.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Algebra was created by Al-Khawarizmi. 805 - Campaign against Byzantium.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Capturing Rhodes Island and Cyprus. 809 - death of Harun ar-Rasyid. al-Amin was sworn into caliph. 814 - Civil war between al-Amin and al-Ma'mun. al-Amin was killed and al-Ma'mun became caliph. 1000 - The Great Mosque of Cordoba built. 1005 - Multan and Ghur were taken captive. 1055 - Baghdad was overrun by Seljuk Turkish army.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Abbasiyah-Seljuk rule began until around 1258 when the Mongol army destroyed Baghdad. 1071 - The Manzikert Event.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Sultan Alp Arselan successfully defeated the combined crusaders led by Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes. 1072 - Sultan Alp Arselan managed to take control of Central Asia (Anatolia). and forwarded his besieges against the kingdom of Byzantium. 1085 - The Christian army captivated Toledo, Spain. 1091 - Nation Norman seize Sicily, Muslim rule there ends. 1095 - the first Crusade begins. 1099 - Crusaders seize Baitulmuqaddis.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

They kill all its inhabitants. 1144 - Nur al-Din seizes Edessa from the Crusaders.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Second Crusade begins. 1187 - Salahuddin Al-Ayubbi seizes Baitulmuqaddis from the Crusaders.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Third Crusade begins. 1194 - Muslim army seizes Delhi, India. 1236 - Crusaders seize Cordoba, Spain. 1258 - Mongol army attacks and annihilates Baghdad.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Thousands of residents were killed.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Fall of Baghdad.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The reigns of the Kingdom of Bani Abbasiyyah in Baghdad.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Genealogy of the caliphs Below is the genealogy of the caliphs of the Children of the Abbasids, ranging from Abbas ibn Abdul-Muthalib to the last caliph of the Children of the Abbasids ruling in Baghdad.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate in Cairo Al-Mustanshir II 1261 Al-Hakim 1262-1302 Al-Mustakfi I 1302-1340 Al-Wathiq I 1340-1341 Al-Hakim II 1341-1352 Al-Mu'tadid I 1352-1362 Al-Mutawakkil I 1362-1383 Al-Wathiq II 1383-1386 Al-Mu'tasim 1386-1386-13889 Al-Mutawakkil I (returned to power) 1389-1406 al-Musta'in 1406-1414 Al-Mu'tadid II 1414-1441 Al-Mustakfi II 1441-1451 Al-Mustamsik 1451-1455 Al-Mustanjid 1455-1479 Al-Mutawakkil II 1479-1497 Al-Mustamsik 1497-1508 Al-Mutawakkil III 1508-1517 Reference Other Sources History of the Children of the Abbasiyyah, Muhammad Shu'ub, Pt.Publish Moon Star.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Islamic date, Ibn Khaldun.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

Al-Bidaayah Wan Nihaayah, Ibn Katsir.


Question: When did the Abbasid Caliphate stand?

Abbasid Caliphate

See also Bani Umayyad Caliphate Category:Historical Iraq Category:Islamic History Category:Quraysh


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

K. H. Muhammad Bakhiet () was a highly charismatic and popular cleric and figure in Borneo. [1]


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Birth and Genealogy & family of Tuan Guru Haji Muhammad Bakhiet or commonly called Guru Bakhiet, was born on 1 January 1966 in Telaga village of Telaga Water Mata, Kampung Arab, Hulu Sungai Tengah district.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

His father was Tuan Guru Haji Ahmad Mughni and Mrs. Beliu Hj.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Zainab.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

As for his paternal lineage he is Tuan Guru Haji Ahmad Mughni bin Tuan Guru Haji Ismail bin Tuan Guru Haji Muhammad Thahir bin Khalifah Haji Shihabuddin bin Maulana Shaykh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Education of Teacher Bakhiet in the formal education stage he only until the IV grade of the State Primary School in 1976.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

In the rest, he learned more in non-formal education, starting from the education of both parents, especially from his father who was a cleric.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

He had been studying at Pondok Pesantren Ibn Amin in 1977 for about three years.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Subsequently in 1980 became students Pondok Pesantren Darussalam approximately six months.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Thence then moved to Darussalamah approximately one and a half years.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

After a long time in Martapura, then he returned to Barabai and joined his own parents, namely his father.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

His father taught you the knowledge of you, especially the inner sciences, and worked with the scholars around him.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

In deepening religious science much he drew from eminent scholars.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

His teachers, among others, were his own parents, namely Mr. Guru Haji Ahmad Mughni, from here very much knowledge obtained especially with regard to bathin science (tasawuf science).


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

The science of science is especially in conjunction with Mr. Guru Haji Abdul Wahab (Kampung Qadli Barabai).


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Arabic, especially the science of Nahwu was brought from Mr. Guru Haji Hasan and Tuan Guru Haji Saleh Barabai.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

While with regard to falak science he learned from Tuan Guru Haji Mahfuz bin Tuan Guru Haji Muhammad Ramli bin Tuan Guru Haji Muhammad Amin, a founder of Pondok Pesantren Ibnul Amin Pamangkih.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Dakwah, Proficiency & Influence in addition as a cleric.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Mr. Guru Haji Muhammad Bakhiet is also a teacher of Tarikat Alawiyah.With regard to this Tarikat Alawiyah historically he was in 1993 sent to Surabaya (Bangil).


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

It was here that he taught and took Tarikat Alawiyah from Habib Zein Al Abidin Ahmad Alaydrus.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Approximately one year in the world of Tarikat Alawiyah with the condition that the worshipers who follow him no less than 40 people.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

At that time there were a number of names who were active instead being the main disciples of him, among them were Abdul Karim, Abdurrahim, Abdul Aziz, Abdushomat, Abdul Muin, Ahmad Mugeni, Ahmad Said, Ahmad Nor, Ali Mawardi, Baihaqi, Fahrurrazi, H. Abdussalam, H. Alfian Hidayat, H. Darussalam, Zunsalam, H. Darussalam, Z. AIDI HA, Mahdi Jauhari, Muhammad Arsyad, Muhammad Ahyad, Muhammad Farid Wajidi, and others.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Tarikat Alawiyah is rapidly advancing its development whose followers until now reach tens of thousands of people.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

At first the presentation of the Alawiyah tarikat was located at Pondok Pesantren Hidayaturrahman Barabai.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

In this place the presentation lasts approximately 40 weeks or 40 meetings.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Yet each time the participant meets more and more.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Increasing number of worshippers then he moved again to the boarding school Rahmatullah Ummah.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

From here it later became the boarding school of Nurul Muhibbin which is quite famous and then moved to Paringin with a very spacious location and complete with its settlement.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

The figure of Tuan Guru Haji Muhammad Bakhiet is charismatic and highly respected by his people in Hulu Sungai.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

From the author's observation, since Master Bakhiet took part in Barabai, the atmosphere of Apam city in particular and HST district in general has shown quite positive development in terms of its diversity.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

In fact, when there is a difference of opinion in the determination of the holiday between Guru Bakhiet and the Government of Indonesia, the majority of HST Muslims prefer to participate in Guru Bakhiet than follow the government decree.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

According to some people close to him, the advantages possessed by him in addition to his knowledge and devotion, include: -Staying away from the government.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

For example he refused to be brought Umrah by the Local Government.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

-Neutral in political issues and do not participate in these issues.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

For example, he refused to give money and property because of the interests of the polotic (party).


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

-He is resistant to the temptations of the world (wara').


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

-Extremely glorifying the habaibs.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Every 3-5th he divided the rice for the widows, habaib or the poor.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

So it is on feast days.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Although he is not a derivative of habaib in the formal sense but the habibs acknowledge him as part of the habaib family (Mulhaq Habaib), because of his great love for the habaibs.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

It is said that he could not in a day if he did not meet the habib, even if he only saw his face.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

In addition, one of the noble morals that the author finds himself in himself is the nature of tawadhu.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Among other things she does not want to kiss her hand when we are with her. The works of Mr. Guru Hajj Muhammad Bakhiet exist in the form of writings that are generally taken from the works of Imam al-Ghazali, especially Ihya Ulumuddin, there is also a newsletter.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

In addition, various teaching activities have been documented and the tapes circulated in the middle of the community.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

It is from these tapes that the presentation of him can be accessed.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Even one of the private television stations in Banjarmasin has broadcast periodically presentation of him.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Among the teachings of him with regard to the traditions of society are: - The importance of traditionalizing white clothes, because according to him white clothing is a masterful garment of heaven. - It is not permissible to draw animate creatures in full body, even in photographic form, including even the guardians of God. -Sequence amar ma'ruf nahi munkar is prayer, exemplary, new order/writing. Such a glimpse of our introduction to the figure of Guru Bakhiet who took part in the northern area of Tanah Banjar, reminds us of the Datu Kangang Haji in Paringin and Datu Nafis in Kalua.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Since about September 2013, for those of us who are domiciled outside Kalimantan, can follow the recording of Guru Bakhiet through Aswaja TV channel.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

The latest data regarding his nasab is quoted by Tuan Guru Hajj Abdus Salam (Paser), one of the younger brothers of Mr. Hajj Muhammad Bakhiet, in the book “Summary of Manaqib Shaykh H.M.Isma'il ibn Shaykh H.M. Thahir al-Alabi an-Naqari Rahimahullahu Ta'ala” published by Khazanah Naqariyah Paser East Kalimantan, 2013 Reference Outside Links on YouTube ONE KEY OF WORLD TRANQUILITY By GURU BAKHIET on YouTube Welcome the Tomb Hole and Ziran Kubur with a new body and defense of Amal Sholeh on YouTube Guru Bakhiet - Sleep Problems and Dreams on YouTube KH.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Muhammad Bakhiet - Keelokan Seeking Rizki on YouTube KH.


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Muhammad Bakhiet - Business and Prayer on YouTube Do'a which is short but contains 10 Meanings...


Question: what is the age of the Book of Kells?

Muhammad Bakhiet

Presentation of Guru Bakhiet Nurul Muhibbin on YouTube TIME MUSTAJAB TO PRAY'A__Presentation of Kh.Muh Bakhiet Majlis Ta'lim Nurul Muhibbin on YouTube Deeds Haremah on Friday


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Synagogue or Kanisah [1] (English: Synagogue) is the name of a Jewish place of worship. [2]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

In the original language (Greek: συναγωγή, synagogē or sunagogē, means “assemblage”; French/English: synagogue) consists of the Greek word συν (syn, = together), and αγωγή agogé, study or education, synagogue has the meaning of “learning together” in addition to gathering together. [2]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

The word is a translation of the Hebrew word, eda, which means congregation, so the true sense of synagogue is not a particular place or building but a fellowship. [3]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Synagogue, along with the rabinic judaism movement, has an important role in shaping Jewish religious patterns until now, especially after the temple which became the center of worship of the Jewish people was destroyed in 70 A.D. [4] In addition, the synagogue is also thought to have a great influence on the worship patterns of the people Christianity and Islam through the use of churches and mosques. [4] [5] There are various theories regarding the origin of the synagogue, namely as follows. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Since the time of Moses the Jewish tradition mentions the roots of the synagogue beginning as early as the time of Moses, or even in the time of the Patriarchs. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Flavius Jocefus and Philo state that the synagogue was founded by Moses as a place where the Jews listened to the Torah once a week. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Targum Onkelos states Jacob as the servant of the synagogue (), whereas Targum Yonatan says that Jethro invited Moses to teach the people of Israel about the prayers that should be spoken in their synagogues. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Then the Targum Chronicles interpreted the sacrificial hill in Gibeon as a synagogue. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Since the time of Josiah's Reformation there was a theory from Julian Morgenstern that synagogues began to stand in Israel as a result of Josiah's Reformation, which was when the altars and sacrificial hills of the non-Jewish religious tradition were destroyed. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

According to Morgenstern, temples in the far reaches of Israel continue to be used as religious gatherings on the Sabbath and during Jewish celebrations. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Another opinion was given by J. Weingreen who refuted Morgenstern's opinion on the grounds that Josiah's reforms had destroyed temples in far corners as well. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

According to him, Josiah established other places in exchange for these temples for the worship of the people. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

However, Weingreen's theory is seen as weak because it has no evidence from Josiah's reformation history. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Prior to the Disposal R. W. Moss submitted the opinion that the synagogue had existed before the time of the Banishment to Babylonia of the 6th century BC. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

He stated that in the beginning the synagogue was a school and local government agency before developing into a center of worship during the time of Disposal. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Since the Makabe period there are some experts who state the origin of the synagogue in the Makabe period or after the inhibition of the Makabe era. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

This is based on archaeological evidence that states that in the 3rd century, synagogues were not yet known in Palestine. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Archaeological evidence states the oldest synagogue whose relics were found in Palestine dates back to the 1st century A.D. [5] However, this theory is weak because the Makabe uprising seems to be closely related to the synagogue, which is said that copies of the Torah were taken and burned by enemies, thus proving that synagogues had existed prior to the Makabe uprising. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

At the time of the Banishment, most experts supported the opinion that the early synagogue stood at its disposal in Babylon since the 5th century BC. [4] [5] [6] The arguments of the experts were based on the Jewish people away from the temple which was the center of their worship, whereas they needed to maintain their faith identity in Babylon which is a foreign place. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Therefore, the Jews began to gather in their own homes and discuss the Scriptures regularly, as well as performing sacrificial celebrations and other celebrations in certain places and that is what eventually became the origin of the synagogue. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

This argument is supported by the fact that the hope of returning to the Palestinian homeland is still maintained among the Jewish people despite having lived in disposal for decades. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

In addition, the Torah still maintained its use, even getting its more formal form at the time of the Disposal. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

One of the earliest accounts of people gathered together to discuss the Word of God is written in the Book of Ezekiel Chapter 8:1. [7]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Synagogue Development Looking at the offensive information about the synagogue, it can be concluded that the synagogue had long existed before the time of the New Testament. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Jesus Christ often visited a number of synagogues in Galilee (for example in the Gospel of Mark chapter 1).


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

In the New Testament record, synagogues have been ubiquitous, both in Palestine and outside Palestine. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

When Paul and his colleagues first visited a city in Rome, they first visited the local synagogue.


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

In other archaeological evidence, there is evidence of the existence of a synagogue in Egypt in the 3rd century BC, and certainly not the first to be established there. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

In the post-Disposal period, the institution of the Temple was redeveloped and became the religious center of the Jews. [2]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

However, the role of synagogues remains important as a place of communion of Jews in the community. [2]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Therefore, Jews outside Palestine used to collect annual offerings to support worship in the Temple, especially for those who could not come to the Temple to follow the annual rite. [2]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

In addition, the synagogue also plays a role to maintain Jewish identity in the city through the reading of Scripture, prayers, and celebrations of the Jewish great day. [2]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

The development of the synagogue was also greatly influenced by the development of the Pharisees in the 2nd century BC. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

At that time, the people who could read and interpret the Torah were Pharisees, so they played a great role in local fellowships among the Jewish people. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

The same happened when the Temple was destroyed in 70 AD and the Jewish people dispersed to other places. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

The survival of Jewish identity became dependent on the Pharisees, who were also called rabbis because only they could read and interpret the Torah. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

They played an important role in local synagogues where Jews lived. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

It was during this time that study of the Torah, prayers, and good deeds replaced Temple rites and sacrificial offerings. [4]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

The important role of synagogues and rabbis still ongoing today. [4]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Throughout Jewish history, synagogues were built by a variety of people, such as the great people and certain peoples. [8]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

For example, Sephardi synagogues established by Sephardians displaced to large cities, where there were already Jewish congregations. [8]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Eastern European Jews are characterized by the presence of kloiz (literally, “gathering places”) where professed congregations worship together.


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

So, there are kloiz tailors, kloiz waterbearers, and so on. [8]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

One kloiz that hitherto still attached the name is the Breslov Synagogue in Uman, Ukraine, which accommodates thousands of worshippers at the annual Breslover event Rosh Hashana kibbutz (prayer meeting). [8]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

The synagogue is called “New Kloiz” to distinguish it from the “Old Kloiz”, built by Nathan of Breslov in 1834. [8]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

The function of the Educational Synagogue There are experts who argue that religious education in the form of reading and interpretation of the Torah is the main function of the synagogue. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

It is known that in the synagogue, the Torah is not only spoken of and discussed during service times, but also within the curriculum of daily education. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

In addition, lessons on general matters are also given in the synagogue. [3]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

The synagogue is also a place for prospective new members of the Jewish religion who are of Gentile origin. [9]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

In the New Testament books such people are called “God-fearing people”. [9]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Therefore, it can be concluded that the synagogue is also a place of education for Jewish candidates, but of course this depends on the situation and regulations of each synagogue. [9]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

There are also other experts who argue that the main function of a synagogue is in terms of worshiping. [3]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Worship is carried out there on the Sabbath and other great days. [3]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

The center of worship is the reading of the Torah, and the entire design and atmosphere of the room is directed to the reading. [3]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

In addition, the synagogue also serves as a place of prayer during the Jewish prayer hours, and by moving towards Jerusalem. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Meetings In addition to educational and worship functions, the synagogue also serves as a place for community meetings to discuss social, political, and religious issues. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Therefore, a synagogue can also be a court venue (compare and). [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

The Arkôn Arkôn Synagogue Officer is the principal officer in the synagogue who is the head and plays an important role in all activities that take place. [3]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Its main task is to organize the order of the synagogue and the people who gather there, as well as supervise the worship that takes place. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Khazzân Khazzân is the officer responsible for menial tasks up to general supervisory duties, including also performing administrative tasks. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

He was in charge of caring for the synagogue building, the furniture, the books of the synagogue. [3]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

He was also the one who stood atop the synagogue building and proclaimed the beginning of the Sabbath and the feast times. [3]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Shielîakh Sibûr Shilîakh Sibûr served to say prayers in worship. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

The terms of a Shielîakh Sibûr are active, mature, head of the family, not rich, not merchant, have a loud voice, and be good at teaching. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

It is possible that at first the Syelîakh Sibûr was not a position but a person called specifically to perform these duties. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

It often happened that this position was captured by the Khazzân, so that eventually gradually the two positions melted into one so that the terms Khazzân and Syelîakh Sibûr were simply equalized. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

The worship of the Synagogue of Worship within the synagogue has elements of shema, prayer, reading of the Torah and the books of the Prophet, and the pronunciation of blessings. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Shema Shema is a Jewish confession of faith that contains belief in the oneness of God (). [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

In the Gospel books, Jesus quotes shema to answer the question, “Which law is primarily in the Torah?” [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Prayer prayers are called syemoneh ezreh or eighteen blessings. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Its definitive form was composed in 110 AD, but some of its initial sentences were composed after the collapse of the city of Jerusalem in 70 AD. [5] To say the prayer, the devotees stood and at the end of the prayer they said 'amin'. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Torah reading Torah reading follows a certain pattern that lasts for three years so that after three years the entire Torah has been read entirely. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Readings of the Prophet's books exist, but do not yet have a certain pattern so the selection of readings is left to those in charge of reading them. [5]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

In Palestine, Torah reading is followed by translation of the text of that reading into Aramaic. [3]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

Then in the synagogues of the outer Palestinian countryside, the Torah reading was translated into Greek. [3]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

The person who translates must be the one who is considered capable because there are strict rules regarding the accuracy of the texts of the Scriptures. [3]


Question: Where is the first Synagogue in Indonesia?

Synagogue

The description of the Nas Scripture After the Scripture is recited, sometimes there is the task of deciphering its contents.