Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The history of the Formation and growth of this Kingdom became a center of commerce and was a nautical state, but this kingdom did not extend its power beyond the archipelago region of Southeast Asia, with the exception of contributing to Madagascar's population as far as 3,300 miles to the west.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Some experts still dispute the area that became the center of Sriwijaya government, [22] besides the possibility of this kingdom used to move the center of its government, but the area that became the capital remained ruled directly by the ruler, while the supporting area was ruled by a datu local. [23] [24] The journey of Siddhayatra Kemaharajaan Sriwijaya has existed since 671 according to the records of I Tsing.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

From the Kedukan Bukit inscription in 682 in known this imperium under the leadership of Dapunta Hyang.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

That he set out on the holy siddhayatra journey to “medalling blessings”, [25] and led 20,000 soldiers and 312 men on board with 1,312 soldiers on foot from Minanga Tamwan to Jambi and Palembang.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Known, the Kedukan Bukit Inscription is the oldest inscription written in Malay.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Experts argue that this inscription adapted Indian orthography to write this inscription. [26]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In the 7th century, the Chinese noted that there were two kingdoms namely Malayu and Kedah being part of Sriwijaya's omnipresence. [2]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Based on the Kota Kapur inscription which figures in 686 found on the island of Bangka, this omniscience has controlled the southern part of Sumatra, Bangka island and Belitung, to Lampung.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The inscription also mentions that Sri Jayanasa had launched a military expedition to punish unfilial Javanese Bhumi to Sriwijaya, this event along with the collapse of Tarumanagara in West Java and Holing (Kalingga) in Central Java which was most likely the result of attacks Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The possibility of Bhumi Javanese is Tarumanegara. [27]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Sriwijaya grew and successfully controlled maritime trade lanes in the Strait of Malacca, Sunda Strait, South China Sea, Java Sea, and Karimata Strait.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The conquest of the region The expansion of this kingdom into Java and the Malaya Peninsula, made Sriwijaya in control of the nodes of major trade routes in Southeast Asia.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Based on observations, Sriwijaya temples were found in Thailand and Cambodia.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In the 7th century, the port of Champa in the east of Indochina began to divert many merchants from Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

To prevent this, Maharaja Dharmasetu launched several incursions into beach towns in Indochina.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The city of Indrapura on the banks of the Mekong river, in the early 8th century came under the control of Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Sriwijaya continued its dominance over Cambodia, until Khmer king Jayawarman II, founder of Khmer omnipotence, broke ties with Sriwijaya in the same century. [2]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In the late 8th century several kingdoms in Java, among others Tarumanegara and Holing came under the rule of Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

According to records, at this time also Sailendra wangsa migrated to Central Java and ruled there.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In this century, Langkasuka in the Malay peninsula became part of the kingdom. [2]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In subsequent times, Pan Pan and Trambralinga, located to the north of Langkasuka, also came under the influence of Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

After Dharmasetu, Samaratungga became the successor of the kingdom.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

He came to power in the period from 792 to 835.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Unlike expansionist Dharmasetu, Samaratungga did not undertake military expansion, but preferred to strengthen Sriwijaya's overlordship in Java.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

During his leadership, he built the Borobudur temple in Central Java which was completed in 825. [2]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Golden age Based on sources of historical records from Arabia, Sriwijaya is called by the name Sribuza.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In 955 AD, Al Masudi, a traveler and classical Arab historian wrote an account of Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In the note, it is described Sriwijaya was a large, wealthy kingdom, with a very large army.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Mentioned the fastest ship within two years is not enough to surround the entire island of its territory.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Sriwijaya's produce is camphor, aloe, cloves, sandalwood, nutmeg, cardamom, gambir and some other produce. [28]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Another note writes that Sriwijaya is advanced in the field of agrarian.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

This was concluded from an expert from the Persian Nation named Abu Zaid Hasan who received a description from Sujaimana, an Arab merchant.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Abu Zaid wrote that the Kingdom of Zabaj (Sriwijaya — called Sriwijaya by the Arabs at that time-) had fertile land and vast power to across the ocean. [11]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Relationship with Sailendra Wangsa The appearance of the linkage between Sriwijaya and the Sailendra dynasty began due to the presence of Śailendravamśa name on several inscriptions among them on the Kasan inscription on the island of Java, the Ligor inscription in the south of Thailand, and the Nalanda inscription in India.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

While on the inscription Sojomerto found the name Dapunta Selendra.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Because Sojomerto inscriptions are written in Old Malay, and Malay is commonly used in inscriptions in Sumatra, it is suspected that Sailendra wangsa originated from Sumatra, although the origin of this Malay language is still awaiting research until now. [14]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Majumdar argued that the Sailendra dynasty was located in Sriwijaya (Suwarnadwipa) and Medang (Java), both originating from Kalinga in southern India. [29]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Later Moens added the arrival of Dapunta Hyang to Palembang, causing one of the families in this dynasty to move to Java. [30]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

While Poerbatjaraka argues that this dynasty originated in the archipelago, it is based on Carita Parahiyangan [31] later attributed to several other inscriptions in Java that speak Old Malay among them the inscription Sojomerto. [32] [33] The omaharajaan of Sriwijaya characterized maritime kingdoms.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Relying on hegemony on the power of its sea fleet in mastering shipping, trade lines, controlling and building several strategic areas as its fleet base in supervising, protecting merchant ships, levying taxes, and to safeguard the territory of sovereignty and power. [34]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

From historical records and archaeological evidence, by the 9th century Sriwijaya had colonized in almost all the kingdoms of Southeast Asia, including: Sumatra, Java, the Malayan Peninsula, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, [2] and the Philippines. [35]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Domination over the Strait of Malacca and Sunda Strait, made Sriwijaya the controller of the local spice trade and trade routes that imposed customs and excise duties on every passing ship.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Sriwijaya amassed its wealth from port services and trading warehouses serving the markets of China, and India.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The Sriwijaya ruling in Java Wangsa Sailendra in Java fostered and maintained fellowship with the Sriwijaya breed in Sumatra, and then further established their government in the Medang Mataram Kingdom in Central Java.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In Java, the heir of Dharanindra was Samaragrawira (reigned 800—819), who is mentioned in the Nalanda Inscription (dated 860) as the father of Balaputradewa, and son of Śailendravamsatilaka (Śailendra family jeweler) under the title name Śrīviravairimathana (assassin of enemy officers), who referring to Dharanindra. [36] :92 Unlike his predecessor, the warring germar King Dharanindra, Rakai Warak seems inclined to peace-loving, he enjoys the prosperity and peace of the Kedu Plain in the interior of Java, and is more interested in completing the construction project of Borobudur temple.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

He appointed a Khmer prince named Jayawarman as governor of Indrapura in the Mekong River delta under Sailendra's rule.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

This decision proved a mistake, as Jayawarman then rebelled, moving the capital further inland north from Tonle Sap to Mahendraparwata, severing ties and proclaiming Cambodia's independence from Java in 802.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Rakai Warak is mentioned as the king of Java who married Tara, daughter of Dharmasetu of Sriwijaya. [36] :108 He is referred to in the name of the other; Rakai Warak in the Mantyasih Inscription.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Earlier historians, such as N. J. Krom, and Coedes, tended to equate Rakai Warak with Samaratungga. [36] :92 However, later historians such as Slamet Muljana equate Samaratungga with Rakai Garung, who is mentioned in the Mantyasih Inscription as the fifth king of the Mataram kingdom.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Which means Samaratungga is the successor of Rakai Warak.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Goddess Tara, daughter of Dharmasetu, married Samaratungga, a member of the Sailendra family who later ascended the throne of Sriwijaya around 792. [37]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In the 8th century AD, the palace of Sriwijaya was housed in Java, as the kings of the Sailendra wangsa were appointed as Maharaja Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

After Dharmasetu, Samaratungga became the next Maharaja of Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

He reigned as ruler in the period 792-835.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Different from the expansionist Dharmasetu, Samaratungga did not plunge in the military expansion scene, but rather preferred to strengthen Sriwijaya's rule and influence over Java.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

He personally oversaw the construction of the grand temple of Borobudur; a large mandala of stone completed in 825, during his reign. [38]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

According to George Coedes, “in the second half of the ninth century, Java and Sumatra were united under the rule of Sailendra who ruled in Java... with a trading center in Palembang. “[39] :92 Samaratungga like Rakai Warak, seems to have been heavily influenced by peace-loving Mahayana Buddhist beliefs.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

He strives to become a compassionate ruler.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

His successor was Princess Pramodhawardhani who was betrothed to Rakai Pikatan who adhered to the Shiva stream.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

He was the son of Rakai Patapan, a rakai (regional ruler) who was quite influential in Central Java.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

This political move appears to be an attempt to secure the peace and power of Sailendra in Java, by means of reconciling the relationship between the Buddhists of the Mahayana stream with the Hindu adherents of the Shiva stream.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Back in Palembang Akan however, Prince Balaputradewa opposed the rule of Pikatan and Pramodhawardhani in Central Java.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The relationship between Balaputra and Pramodhawardhani is interpreted differently by some historians.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

An older theory according to Bosch and De Casparis states that Balaputra was a son of Samaratungga, meaning he was the younger brother of Pramodhawardhani.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Historians of later generations, such as Muljana, on the other hand, argue that Balaputra was a son of Rakai Warak and younger brother of Samaratungga, meaning he was the uncle of Pramodhawardhani. [40]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

It is not clearly known, whether Balaputradewa was eliminated from Central Java for losing a succession dispute against Pikatan, or he had indeed ruled in Suwarnadwipa (Sumatra) before the outbreak of this dispute over the succession of powers.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In any case, it seems that the Sailendra wangsa eventually split into two; between Central Java controlled by Pikatan-Pramodhawardhani and Palembang controlled by Balaputradewa.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

That Balaputradewa finally took control of the Sumatran branch of Sailendra and enthroned in the capital Sriwijaya of Palembang.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Some historians argue that, because Balaputra's mother - Dewi Tara, the consort of King Rakai Warak was the daughter of Sriwijaya, this made Balaputra at the same time as heir to the throne of Sriwijaya in Sumatra.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Balaputradewa was then named as Maharaja Sriwijaya, then he stated his claim to be the legitimate heir of the Sailendra of Java, as mentioned in the Nalanda Inscription which is stated 860. [36] :108 Fighting against Java Sriwijaya controlled the maritime trade lanes in Asia Southeast throughout the 10th century, but by the end of the century the Medang Kingdom in East Java grew into a new nautical power and began to challenge the dominance of Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Chinese news from the Song Dynasty referred to the Kingdom of Sriwijaya in Sumatra by the name San-fo-tsi, while the Medang Kingdom in Java by the name She-po.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

It is reported that, San-fo-TSI and She-po engaged in competition for control of Southeast Asia.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The two lands sent each other ambassadors to China.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The San-fo-tsi envoy who departed in 988 was detained in the port of Canton when he was about to go home, because his country was invaded by the Javanese army.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

This attack from Java allegedly took place around the 990s, namely between 988 and 992 during the reign of Sri Cudamani Warmadewa. [41]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In the spring of 992 the ambassador of Sriwijaya tried to go home but was again restrained in Champa because his land was not yet safe.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

He asked the Song emperor that China give protection to San-fo-tsi.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Javanese envoys also arrived in China in 992.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

He was sent by his king who ascended the throne in 991.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The new king of Java is Dharmawangsa Teguh. [41]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The Medang Kingdom managed to seize Palembang in 992 for a time, but then Medang forces were successfully repulsed by Sriwijaya's forces.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The Hujung Langit inscription of 997 again mentions a Javanese attack on Sumatra.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

This series of attacks from Java ultimately failed as Java did not manage to establish a foothold in Sumatra.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Controlling the capital in Palembang is not enough because in essence the power and power of the Sriwijaya mandala is spread across several ports in the Malacca Strait area.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The Maharaja of Sriwijaya, Sri Cudamani Warmadewa, managed to escape out of the capital and went around gathering forces and reinforcements from his allies and vassal kings to repulse the Javanese army.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Sriwijaya showed the persistence of his mandalan fellowship, survived and successfully repulsed the Javanese navy. [41]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Sri Cudamani Warmadewa showed his diplomacy prowess again, winning China's support by capturing his Caesar's heart.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In 1003, he sent an envoy to China and reported that in his country, a Buddhist temple dedicated to pray for the Emperor of China to long age.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The emperor of China who was enlarged by the offering named the temple cheng tien wan shou and bestowed the genta to be installed in the temple. [42]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Bungsu Temple, one part of the temple located in Muara Takus). [15]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

This attack from Medang opened Sriwijaya's eyes how dangerous the threat of Java, then Maharaja Sriwijaya also composed countermeasures and tried to destroy the Medang Kingdom.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Sriwijaya was touted as playing a role in destroying the Medang Kingdom in Java.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In the inscription Pucangan mentioned a Mahapralaya event, namely the destruction of the Medang palace in East Java, where Haji Wurawari of Lwaram who was a vassal king of Sriwijaya, in 1006 or 1016 attacked and caused the killing of the last Medang king Dharmawangsa Teguh. [6] [43] During the decline of the Chola kingdom Raids in 1017 and 1025, Rajendra Chola I, king of the Chola dynasty in Koromandel, southern India, sent a sea expedition to attack Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Based on the Tanjore inscription dated 1030, the Chola Kingdom has conquered areas of Sriwijaya colony, such as the Nikobar region and also succeeded in captivating the ruling Sriwijaya king at that time Sangrama-Vijayottunggawarman.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Over the following decades, the entire Sriwijaya imperium has been within the influence of the Chola dynasty.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Nonetheless Rajendra Chola I nevertheless gave opportunities to his feared kings to remain in power as long as he remained subservient to him. [44]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

This can be attributed to the news of San-fo-Ts'i's envoy to China in 1028. [45]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Another factor of Sriwijaya's deterioration is natural factors.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Due to the deposition of silt in the Musi River and several other tributaries, the merchant ships arriving in Palembang are diminishing. [46]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

As a result, Palembang City increasingly moved away from the sea and became unstrategic.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

As a result of merchant ships coming in diminished, taxes reduced and weakened the economy and position of Sriwijaya. [11]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The Tanjungpura and Nan Sarunai kingdoms in Borneo were kingdoms contemporaneous with Sriwijaya, but the Kingdom of Tanjungpura is mentioned as being managed by the runaway Malays of Sriwijaya, who when at that time Sriwijaya was invaded by Chola Kingdom they migrated to South Kalimantan. [47]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

However at this time Sriwijaya is considered to have been part of the Chola dynasty.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Chinese chronicles mention that in 1079, Kulothunga Chola I (Ti-hua-ka-lo) king of the Chola dynasty was referred to also as the king of San-fo-ts'i, who then dispatched envoys to assist in the repair of temples near Canton.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Furthermore in the Chinese news titled Sung Hui Yao mentioned that the kingdom of San-fo-tsi in 1082 was still sending envoys during Chinese times under the reign of Emperor Yuan Fong.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The ambassador delivered a letter from the king Kien-pi subordinate San-fo-tsi, which was a letter from the king's daughter who was given over the state affairs of San-fo-tsi, and also handed over 227 tal of jewelry, rumbia, and 13 pieces of clothing.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Then it also sent its next envoy in 1088. [2]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The influence of Rajendra Chola I's invasion, on Sriwijaya's hegemony over his vassal kings was weakened.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Some conquests broke away, until the emergence of Dharmasraya and Pagaruyung as new powers that then regained control of Sriwijaya colonies ranging from the Malaya Peninsula, Sumatra, to western Java.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The appearance of Malayu Dharmasraya In 1079 and 1088, Chinese records indicate that Sriwijaya sent ambassadors to China. [48]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Especially in 1079, each of these ambassadors visited China. [48]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

This shows that the capital city of Sriwijaya has always shifted from one city or another during that period. [48]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Chola expeditions changed trade paths and weakened Palembang, allowing Jambi to take leadership of Sriwijaya in the 11th century. [49]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Based on Chinese sources in the book Chu-fan-chi [50] written in 1178, Chou-Ju-Kua explained that in the archipelago of Southeast Asia there were two very powerful and rich kingdoms, namely San-fo-ts'i and Cho-po (Java).


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In Java she found that her people embraced Buddhism and Hinduism, whereas the people of San-fo-Ts'i embraced Buddhism, and had 15 subordinate areas which included; Si-lan (Cambodia), Tan-ma-ling (Tambralingga, Ligor, southern Thailand), Kia-lo-hi (Grahi, present-day Chaiya, southern Thailand), Ling-ya-si-kia ( Langkasuka), Kilantan (Kelantan), Pong-fong (Pahang), Tong-ya-nong (Terengganu), Fo-lo-an (Dungun river estuary of present-day Terengganu area), Ji-lo-t'ing (Cherating, east coast of peninsula malaya), Ts'ien-mai (Semawe, east coast of malaya peninsula), Pa-t'a River (Paka, east coast of the Peninsula Malaya), Lan-wu-li (Lamuri in Aceh), Pa-lin-fong (Palembang), Kien-pi (Jambi), and Sin-t'o (Sunda). [6] [13] However, the term San-fo-tsi especially in 1178 is no longer synonymous with Sriwijaya, but instead has been synonymous with Dharmasraya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

From the list of 15 vassal lands of San-fo-TSI, it turned out to be a colony region of Dharmasraya Kingdom.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Although Chinese sources still refer to San-fo-tsi as a kingdom located in the South China Sea.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

This is because in Pararaton has been mentioned Malayu.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

This book tells that Kertanagara king Singhasari, sent a Pamalayu or Pamalayu expedition, and then gifted the Amoghapasa Arca to the Malay king, Srimat Tribhuwanaraja Mauli Warmadewa in Dharmasraya as written on the Padang Roco inscription.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

These events were later attributed to the manuscripts contained on the Grahi inscription.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Government and economy The governance structure of JMPL|Ka|Inscription Telaga Batu Sriwjaya Society is very compound, and knows social stratatification. [11]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The establishment of a single unitary state within the dimensions of Sriwijaya's political authority structure, can be traced from several inscriptions containing important information about kadātuan, vanua, samaryyāda, mandala and bhūmi. [51]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Kadātuan can mean dātu area, (tnah house) where bini hāji live, where mas are stored and excise (drawy) as an area that must be guarded.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Kadātuan is surrounded by vanua, which can be considered a city area of Sriwijaya in which there is a monastery for a place of worship for its people.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Kadātuan and vanua are one core area for Sriwijaya itself.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

According to Casparis, samaryyāda is an area bordering the vanua, which is connected by a special road (samaryyāda-patha) that can intend inland areas.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

While the mandala is an autonomous area of bhūmi which is in the influence of Sriwijaya kadātuan power.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The ruler of Sriwijaya is referred to as Dapunta Hyang or Maharaja, and in the king's circle there are sequentially yuvarāja (crown prince), pratiyuvarāja (second crown prince) and rājakumāra (next heir). [52]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Telaga Batu inscription mentions many positions in the royal government structure during the time of Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

According to Telaga Batu Inscription, in addition to telling the curse of king Sriwijaya to anyone who opposes the king, also told the various positions and occupations that existed in the time of Sriwijaya. [27]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Meanwhile, the positions and occupations told were king son (son of the fourth king), bhupati (regent), senopati (commander of troops), and dandanayaka (judge).


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Then there are also Tuha an disposition wuruh (worker group supervisor), [Note 1] Adyaksi nijawarna/wasikarana (ironsmith/knife gun maker), kayastha (scribe), sthapaka (engraver), puwaham (ship skipper), waniyaga (peniaga), pratisra (leader of the working group), marsi (marsi) washerman), and hulun hajj (king's slave). [27]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

According to the Chinese chronicle Hsin Tang-shu, so vast Sriwijaya was divided into two.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

As explained above, Dapunta Hyang had two children who were given the title of crown prince, namely yuvarāja (crown prince), pratiyuvarāja (second crown prince). [27] [52] Therefore, Ahmad Jelani Halimi (professor at Universiti Sains Malaysia) said that to prevent a split in Among his sons, then the possibility of the Kingdom of Sriwijaya was divided into two. [33]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Ka|JMPL|Sriwijaya ship model 800s AD found in Borobudur temple.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In the world of trade, Sriwijaya became the controller of trade lines between India and China, namely with control over the Strait of Malacca and Sunda Strait.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Arabs note that Sriwijaya had various commodities such as camphor, aloe, cloves, nutmeg, kepulaga, ivory, gold, and tin, which made the king of Sriwijaya as rich as the kings of India. [14]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

This abundant wealth has allowed Sriwijaya to buy loyalty from his vassals throughout Southeast Asia.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

By acting as an entreport or major port in Southeast Asia, by obtaining the blessing, approval, and protection of the Chinese Emperor to trade with China, Sriwijaya constantly manages the nautical trade network and strengthens the vein of shipping between China and India. [54]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

It is for that reason that Sriwijaya must continue to maintain its trade dominance by always keeping an eye on — and if necessary — fighting competitor ports in its home country.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The need to maintain the trade monopoly is what prompted Sriwijaya to stage military expeditions to conquer competitor port cities in the surrounding area and absorb them into the Sriwijaya mandala.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Bandar Malayu in Jambi, Kota Kapur on the island of Bangka, Tarumanagara and the port of Sunda in West Java, Kalingga in Central Java, and Kedah and Chaiya in the Melaya peninsula are some of the city ports conquered and absorbed into the sphere of influence of Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

It is mentioned in the historical records of Champa the existence of a series of naval invasions originating from Java against several ports in Champa and Cambodia.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Perhaps the invader navy in question was the Sriwijaya fleet, because at that time the Sailendra Wangsa in Java was part of the Sriwijaya mandala.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

This is an attempt by Sriwijaya to guarantee the monopoly of marine trade in Southeast Asia by hovering its rival ports.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Sriwijaya has also been successful in terms of trade from 670 to 1025 A.D. [55] Sriwijaya's nautical glory was recorded in the relief of Borobudur, depicting Borobudur Ship, double-sided wooden ship and sail-masted that ran the sea of the archipelago around the 8th century AD.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The function of this outrigger is to balance and stabilize the boat.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The single outrigger or double outrigger is characteristic of Austronesian boats and these are the boats that carry the Austronesians sailing throughout Southeast Asia, Oceania, and the Indian Ocean.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The sailing ship immortalized in the relief of Borobudur is probably the type of ship used by the Sailendra and Sriwijaya fleets in their interisland voyages, the nautical omniscience that controlled the region in the 7th to 13th centuries AD.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In addition to establishing trade relations with India and China, Sriwijaya also established trade with Arab lands.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

It is likely that the envoy of Maharaja Sri Indrawarman who delivered a letter to the caliph Umar bin Abdul-Aziz of the Banu Umayyads of 718, returned to Sriwijaya bearing a gift of Zanji (slave woman in black), and later from Chinese chronicles mentioned Shih-li-fo-shih with its king Shih-li-t-' o-pa-mo (Sri Indrawarman) in 724 sent a gift to the Chinese emperor, in the form of ts'engchi (intending the same as Zanji in Arabic). [56]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In the first half of the 10th century, between the fall of the Tang dynasty and the rise of the Song dynasty, trade with abroad was quite rife, especially Fujian, the kingdom of Min and the kingdom of Nan Han with its rich land of Guangdong.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

No doubt Sriwijaya benefits from this trade.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

At this time it is thought that the people of Sriwijaya began to know watermelon fruit (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Matsum.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

& Nakai), who entered through their trade. [57] [58] Culture and society A complex, layered, cosmopolitan, and prosperous society; with a refined taste in art, literature, and culture, with a series of rituals influenced by Mahayana Buddhism; flourishing in society Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Their elaborate social order can be seen through the study of inscriptions, foreign historical records, as well as relics of temples dating from this period.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Kingdoms had developed developed developed societies; which were characterized by the rejuvenation of their societies, social stratification, and the establishment of national administrative institutions of their kingdoms.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Religion As the center of Vajrayana Buddhist teaching, Sriwijaya attracts many pilgrims and scholars from countries in Asia.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Among others the Chinese priest I Tsing, who made visits to Sumatra in the course of his studies at Nalanda University, India, in 671 and 695, I Tsing reported that Sriwijaya became home to Buddhist scholars thus becoming a center of Buddhist learning.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In addition to the above news, there is a news presented by I Tsing, stated that there are 1000 pastors who studied Buddhism in Sakyakirti, a famous priest in Sriwijaya. [59]”


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

There are more than 1000 Buddhist pandita in Sriwijaya who learn and practice Dharma well.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

They analyze and study all the topics of the teachings as they exist in India; their vinayas and rituals are not different at all [from those in India].


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

If a Chinese pandita is going to Nalanda University in India to hear and study Dharma auutentik texts, he should stay in Sriwijaya within 1 or 2 years to practice vinaya and sanskrit appropriately.”


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Visitors who come to the island mention that gold coins have been used on the coast of the kingdom.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In addition, the Buddhist teachings of Hinayana Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism also developed in Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Towards the end of the 10th century, Atiśa, a Buddhist scholar of Bengal origin who was instrumental in developing Vajrayana Buddhism in Tibet in his working paper Durbodhāloka mentions written during the reign of Sri Cudamani Warmadewa ruler Sriwijayanagara in Malayagiri in Suvarnadvipa. [60]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The kingdom of Sriwijaya was heavily influenced by Indian culture, first by Hindu culture then followed anyway by Buddhism.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

His role in Buddhism was proved by establishing a place of Buddhist worship in Ligor, Thailand. [61]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The kings of Sriwijaya controlled the Malay archipelago through trade and conquering from the 7th century to the 9th century, thus directly participating in developing the Malay language and its culture in the archipelago. “... many kings and leaders are in the islands of the South Sea. believe and admire Buddha, in their hearts have embedded good deeds.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Inside the fortress of the city of Sriwijaya is filled with more than 1000 Buddhist monks, who studied diligently and practiced them well...


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

If a Chinese monk wants to go to India to study Sabda, it is better for him to stay here for a year or two to dive into his knowledge before continuing in India” . —


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Overview of Sriwijaya according to I Tsing. [4]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

It is possible that Sriwijaya, which is known as a trading hub in Southeast Asia, certainly attracted the interest of Muslim traders and scholars from the Middle East, so that some kingdoms that were originally part of Sriwijaya, later grew into the forerunner of the kingdom- Islamic kingdom in Sumatra later, in a time of weakening influence of Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Art and Culture Based on various historical sources, a complex and cosmopolitan society heavily influenced by the nature of the Wajrayana Buddhist mind is depicted spring in the capital city of Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Some 7th century Siddhayatra inscriptions such as Talang Tuo Inscription describe Buddhist rituals to bless blessful events namely the inauguration of Sriksetra garden, Maharaja Sriwijaya's endowment for his people.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Telaga Batu inscription describes the complexity and level of office of royal officials, while Kota Kapur Inscription mentions the rudeness of Sriwijaya army over Java.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

All of these inscriptions use the Old Malay language, ancestral to the Malay language and modern Indonesian language.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Since the 7th century, the ancient Malay language has been spoken in the archipelago.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Characterized by the discovery of various Sriwijaya inscriptions and some Old Malay-language inscriptions elsewhere, such as those found on the island of Java.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Trade relations conducted by various tribes of the archipelago became a rides for the spread of Malay language, because this language became a communication tool for traders.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Since then, Malay became the lingua franca and was widely spoken by many speakers in the archipelago. [62]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Despite being referred to as having economic power and military rudeness, Sriwijaya left little antiquity in the heart of his country in Sumatra.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Very different from the Sriwijaya episode in Central Java when the leadership of Syailendra wangsa built many large monuments; such as Kalasan Temple, Sewu Temple, and Borobudur.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Buddhist temples dating back to the Sriwijaya period in Sumatra include Muaro Jambi Temple, Muara Takus Temple, and Biaro Bahal.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

But unlike the temples of the Central Java period made of andesite stone, temples in Sumatra are made of red brick.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Some statues are Buddhism, such as various Buddhist statues found in Bukit Seguntang, Palembang [63], and Bodhisatwa Awalokiteswara statues from Jambi [64], Bidor, Perak [65] and Chaiya, [66] and Maitreya statues from Komering, South Sumatra.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

All of these statues display the same elegance and langgam called “Seni Sriwijaya” or “Langgam/Gaya Sriwijaya” which shows a resemblance — perhaps inspired — by the Indian Amarawati langgam and the Javanese Langgam Syailendra (around the 8th to 9th centuries). [67]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Relations with regional powers To strengthen his position on the control of Southeast Asia, Sriwijaya established diplomacy relations with the Chinese empire, and regularly delivered envoys along with tributes. [68]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Historian S. Q. Fatimi mentions that in the year 100 Hijriyah (718 AD), a maharaja of Sriwijaya (thought to have been Sri Indrawarman) sent a letter to Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz of the Umayyad Caliphate, containing a request to the caliph to send a cleric who could explained the teachings and laws of Islam to him. [69]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The letter is quoted in Al-'Iqd Al-Farid by Ibn Abdu Rabbih (literature of Córdoba, Spain), and with slightly different redactions in Al-Nujum az-Zahirah fi Muluk Misr wa Al-Qahirah by Ibn Tagribirdi (literature of Cairo, Egypt). [69]”


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Of Kings and gentlemen of kings who are also descendants of thousands of kings, whose wives are the grandsons of thousands of kings, whose zoos are filled with thousands of elephants, whose territory consists of two rivers that irrigate aloe plants, fragrant herbs, nutmeg, and lime, whose fragrance the fragrance spreads up to 12 miles.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

To the King of Arabia who worship no other gods but Allah.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

I have sent you a parcel of nothing as a sign of friendship.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

I wish you had sent someone to explain the teachings of Islam and its laws to me. “—


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Maharaja Sriwijaya's letter to Caliph Umar ibn Abdul Aziz. [56]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

These events proved that Sriwijaya had established diplomatic relations with the Islamic world or the Arab world.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

However, this letter does not mean that the king of Sriwijaya has embraced Islam, but only shows the king's desire to know and learn the various laws, cultures, and customs of various partners of commerce and civilizations known by Sriwijaya at that time; namely China, India, and the Middle East.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In the early days, the Khmer Kingdom was a colony of Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Many historians claim that Chaiya, in Surat Thani province, Southern Thailand, as the capital of the kingdom.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The influence of Sriwijaya appears in the building of Borom That pagoda in Sriwijaya style.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

After the fall of Sriwijaya, Chaiya was divided into three cities namely (Mueang) Chaiya, Thatong (Kanchanadit), and Khirirat Nikhom.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

As mentioned earlier, Sriwijaya in Sumatra expanded the area with the move of Wangsa Sailendra to Java.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

At a certain period of time Sailendra as a member of Sriwijaya mandala ruling over Sriwijaya and Java.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

So Wangsa Sailendra ruled at once over Sriwijaya and the Kingdom of Medang, namely Sumatra and Java.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

However, due to the contention of the succession of the Sailendra throne in Java between Balaputradewa against Rakai Pikatan and Pramodawardhani, relations between Sriwijaya and Medang deteriorated. [70]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Balaputradewa returned to Sriwijaya and eventually came to power in Sriwijaya, and this enmity was passed down to the next few generations.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In the inscription Nalanda dated 860 Balaputra confirms his origin as a descendant of king Sailendra in Java as well as a grandson of Sri Dharmasetu king Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In other words he complained to the king of Dewapaladewa, the king of Pala in India, that his right to be king of Java was deprived of Rakai Pikatan. [71]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The rivalry between Sriwijaya in Sumatra and Medang in Java was further heated when king Dharmawangsa Teguh attacked Palembang in 990, an act that was later retaliated with the destruction of Medang in 1006 by King Wurawari (as Sriwijaya's ally in Java) at the instigation of Sriwijaya. [43]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Sriwijaya was also in close contact with the Pala kingdom in Bengal, on a Nalanda inscription numbered 860 records that king Balaputradewa dedicated a monastery to Nalanda University.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The relationship with the Chola Dynasty in the south of India is also quite good.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

From the Leiden inscription mentioned king Sriwijaya in Kataha Sri Mara-Vijayottunggawarman had built a monastery named with the Culamanivarmma Vihara, but it became bad after Rajendra Chola I ascended the throne committing assault in the 11th century.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Later this relationship improved again during the time of Kulothunga Chola I, where the king Sriwijaya in Kadaram sent an envoy requesting the release of excise on the area around the Culamanivarmma Vihara.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

However at this time Sriwijaya is considered to have been part of the Chola dynasty.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Chinese chronicles mention that Kulothunga Chola I (Ti-hua-ka-lo) as king of San-fo-ts'i, assisted in the repair of temples near Canton in 1079.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

During the Song dynasty the temple was called by the name Tien Ching Kuan, and during the Yuan dynasty it was called by the name Yuan Miau Kwan. [6]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The reigning King The Maharaja Sriwijaya [2] [6] Historical heritage Although Sriwijaya leaves only few archaeological relics and its existence was briefly forgotten from the memory of its supporting communities, the rediscovery of this nautical omnipresence by Coedès in the 1920s has evoked realization that a form of political union, in the form of omnipotence consisting of the communion of nautical kingdoms, once rose, grew, and triumphed in the past.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

By the 14th century although its influence had faded, Sriwijaya's authoritative and prestige were still used as a source of political legitimacy.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Sang Nila Utama who claimed to be a descendant of the Sriwijaya nobility of Bintan, along with his vassals and soldiers comprising the Orang Laut, had established the Kingdom of Singapore at Tumasik.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

According to Malay History and Chinese historical records written by Wang Ta Yuan, it is mentioned that the Kingdom of Siam had attacked the kingdom of Singapore in the period from 1330 to 1340.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

This Siamese attack was successfully repulsed.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Sriwijaya's most important legacy is probably its language.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Over the centuries, its econonomic power and military rudeness have played a major role over the widespread use of the Ancient Malay Language in the archipelago, at least in coastal areas.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

This language becomes a working language or language that serves as a link (lingua franca) spoken in various cities and markets in the archipelago. [72]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The widespread breadth of this Old Malay language may be what has paved and smoothed the way for Bahasa Malay as the national language of Malaysia, and Bahasa Indonesia as the unifying language of modern Indonesia.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The ancient Malay language still remained in use until the 14th century A.D. [73] Indonesian nationalists also glorified Sriwijaya as a source of pride and proof of Indonesia's past glory. [74]


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Gemilangan Sriwijaya has become a source of national pride and regional identity, especially for the residents of Palembang, South Sumatra.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The nobility of Sriwijaya has been an inspiration for cultural arts, such as the traditional songs and dances of Gending Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The same is true of Thailand's southern peoples who recreate Sevichai dance based on the elegance of Sriwijaya's cultural arts.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

In Indonesia, the name Sriwijaya has been used and perpetuated as a street name in various cities, and this name is also used by Sriwijaya University which was established in 1960 in Palembang.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Similarly Kodam II Sriwijaya (military command unit), PT Pupuk Sriwijaya (Fertilizer Company in South Sumatra), Sriwijaya Post (Daily newspaper in Palembang), Sriwijaya TV, Sriwijaya Air (airline), Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium, and Sriwijaya Football Club (Palembang football club).


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

All of them are so named to honor, glorify, and celebrate the resounding omnipresence of Sriwijaya.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

On 11 November 2011 the opening ceremony was held at the 2011 SEA Games at Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium, Palembang.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

The opening ceremony featured a colossal dance titled “Srivijaya the Golden Peninsula” featuring traditional Palembang dance and also a replica of the actual size of the Sriwijaya boat to illustrate the glory of this nautical eternity. [75] [76] Note below Referral of D. G. E. Hall, A History of South-east Asia.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

London: Macmillan, 1955.


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D.


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R.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

SarDeSai.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Southeast Asia: Past and Present.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Boulder: Westview Press, 1997.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Lynda Norene Shaffer.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Maritime Southeast Asia to 1500.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

London: ME Sharpe Armonk, 1996.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Stuart-Fox, Martin.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

A Short History of China and Southeast Asia: Tribute, Trade, and Influence.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

London: Allen and Unwin, 2003.


Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

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Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

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Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

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Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

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Question: How long has the Kingdom of Sriwijaya been in power?

Sriwijaya

Sriwijaya


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

A pathogen (Greek: παθογένεια, “cause of suffering”) is a biological agent that causes disease in its host. [1]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Another designation of pathogens is parasitic microorganisms. [2]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Generally the term is given for agents that destabilize the normal physiology of multicellular animals or plants.


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

However, pathogens can also infect unicellular organisms from all biological kingdoms. [1]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Generally, only highly pathogenic organisms can cause disease, while the rest rarely cause disease.


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Opportunist pathogens are pathogens that rarely cause disease in immunocompetent persons but can cause serious illness/infections in people who do not have immunocompetence (immunocompromised). [1]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

This opportunist pathogen is generally a member of the normal flora on the body. [1]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

The term opportunist itself refers to the ability of an organism to take the opportunity afforded by the decline of the host's defense system to cause disease. [1]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

In general all pathogens are once outside the body's cells with a certain time span (extracellular) when they are exposed by antibody mechanisms, but when the pathogen enters an intracellular phase that is not reachable by antibodies, T cells will play their role. [3]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Virulence Virulence is the degree of level of pathogeneity measured by the large number of organisms required to cause disease over a given period of time. [4] [2] Virulence is closely related to infection and disease: infection refers to a situation in which a microorganism has settled and grow on a host, in which case the microorganism may injure or not injure its host; while disease is damage or injury to the host that impairs the function of the host's body. [2]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

For example, a 50% letal dose/50% lethal dose (LD50) is the number of organisms required to kill half of the number of hosts under attack. [4]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

While a 50% infectious dose/50% infectious dose (ID50) is the number of pathogenic organisms needed to infect 50% of the total host under attack.


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

The ID50 of each organism varies, for example, Shigella has ID50 less than 100 organisms while Salmonella has ID50 of about 100,000 organisms. [4]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

The infectious dose of an organism depends on their virulence factor. [4]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Virulence Factors Bacterial Transmissibility: The first stage of the infectious process is the entry of microorganisms into the host through one or several pathways: respiratory, digestive (gastrointestinal), urogenitalia, or skin that has been injured. After admission, the pathogen must go through a brmacam-assortment the body's defense system before it can live and multiply within its host. [4]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Examples of host defense systems include acidic conditions of the stomach and urogenitalia ducts, phagocytosis by white blood cells, and an assortment of hydroytic and proteolytic enzymes that can be found in the salivary glands, stomach, and small intestine. [4]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Bacteria that have polysaccharide capsules on their exterior such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis have a greater chance of survival. [4]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Attachment: Some bacteria such as Escherichia coli use pili to cling to the surface of their host cells. [4]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Other bacteria have adhesion/attachment molecules on their cell surfaces or hydrophobic cell walls as they can attach to the host cell membrane. [4]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Attachment increases virulence by preventing bacteria from being carried away by mucus or organs due to fluid flow such as in the urinary and digestive tract. [4]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Invasive ability: Invasive bacteria are bacteria that can enter the host cell or penetrate the surface of the mucous gland so that they spread from the starting point of infection. [4]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Invasive ability is supported by the presence of enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix such as collagenase. [4]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Bacterial toxins: Some bacteria produce toxins or toxins that can be divided into two types: endotoxins and exotoxins. [4]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Exotoxins are proteins secreted by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

On the other hand, endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides that are not secreted but rather present on the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria. [4]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Classification of pathogens classification is divided into: [5] Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and worms.


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Virus Virus is a parasite that is not a living creature but has genetic material in the form of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) that requires the presence of living procariot cells or eucariots to perform replication or multiplication of these nucleic acids. [6]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Viruses can infect animals, humans, plants, fungi, bacteria, protozoa, insects and almost all kinds of living creatures. [6]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

An example of a virus that attacks bacteria is en:bacteriophage which attacks Escherichia coli. [6]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

While in humans an example is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which causes the disease Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). [6]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Bacteria bacteria that belong to procariot organisms in addition to having uses, can also cause harm because they are common pathogens in living creatures such as humans. [7]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

An example is the opportunist pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa which can infect the lungs so as to cause death. [7]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

In addition to P. aeruginosa another popular pathogenic bacterium is Staphylococcus aureus which is a normal human microflora on the surface of the skin, mouth, and nose, but when the immune system decreases, S. aureus will be pathogenic and can cause diseases such as blood clots. [2]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Fungi fungi are procariot organisms belonging to the protista kingdom with about 75,000 species already identified. [8] .Fungi can parasitize humans such as Candida albicans which is an opportunist pathogenic fungi that can cause infection in almost all part of the human body and can cause death. [8]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

C. albicans often attack the oral cavity or vagina, but while the host's immune system is good, C. albicans will not cause infection and live normally in the human oral cavity for example.


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

In agriculture, fungi are divided according to their role at least into three kinds, namely plant/animal diseases, decomposers, and bio-controlling agents.


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

All three have different functions and roles that are very important in agroecosystem balance.


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

As a bio-controlling agent and decomposer, fungi have been developed so rapidly as biotechnology and nanotechnology. [8]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Protozoa Protozoa are highly variable one-celled organisms gup with more than 50,000 types. [9]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Many are less than 1/200 mm in size but some can reach 3 mm like “Spirostomun”.


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Many live solitarily (alone), some are colonically. [9]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

In humans, protozoa are one of the pathogens and can cause diseases such as malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum.


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

These protozoa are transmitted from one human to another by the intermission of female mosquitoes of the genus anopheles. [9]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

There are hundreds of millions of cases of malaria per year with high mortality rates in poor countries. [9]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Worms Worms in the intestines are one of the most common human pathogens.


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

The roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides is estimated to infect 1,472 million humans worldwide. [10]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Although rarely endangering lives, these parasites are a major cause of morbidity in developing countries [10].


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

Severe infections can cause intestinal disorders and growth disorders. [10]


Question: Where does the word Pathogen come from?

Pathogens

View Pula Fungi Protozoa Bacterial Virus Normal Microflora Human Staphylococcus aureus Referral Outside Category:Microbiology Category:Pathology Category:Immunology


Question: When was George Tillman born?

Danny Elfman

Daniel Robert Elfman () is a United States musician best known for his composition “The Simpsons Theme” and best known as the leader-singer-songwriter of rock band Oingo Boingo from 1976 until its dispersal in 1995, and has made film music illustrations extensively since the film Pee-wee's Big Adventure in 1985, especially for director Tim Burton.


Question: When was George Tillman born?

Danny Elfman

He has earned four times Academy Awards nominations for his music in Men in Black (1997), Good Will Hunting (1997), Big Fish (2003) and Milk (2009), earning a Grammy Award for his music in Batman (1989) as well as earning an Emmy Award for the theme music of the film series Desperate Housewives.


Question: When was George Tillman born?

Danny Elfman

Filmography The following are the films whose music illustrations were made by Danny Elfman: Epic (Chris Wedge, 2013) Oz The Great and Powerful (Sam Raimi, 2013) Promised Land (Gus van Sant, 2012) Hitchcock (Sacha Gervasi, 2012) Silver Linings Playbook (David O. Russell, 2012) Frankenweenie (Tim Burton, 2012) Men in Black 3 (Barry Sonnenfeld, 2012) Dark Shadows (Tim Burton, 2012) Real Steel (Shawn Levy, 2011) Restless (Gus van Sant, 2011) The Next Three Days (Paul Haggis, 2010) Alice in Wonderland (Tim Burton, 2010) The Wolfman (Joe Johnston, 2010) Taking Woodstock (Ang Lee, 2009) Terminator Salvation ( McG, 2009) Notorious (George Tillman Jr., 2009) Milk (Gus Van Sant, 2008) Hellboy II: The Golden Army (Guillermo del Toro, 2008) Wanted (Timur Bekmambetov, 2008) Standard Operating Procedure (Errol Morris, 2008) The Kingdom (Peter Berg, 2007) Meet the Robinsons (Steve Anderson, 2007) Deep Sea 3D ( Howard Hall, 2006) (adaptation of his concert musical Serenada Schizophrana) Charlotte's Web (Gary Winick, 2006) Nacho Libre (Jared Hess, 2006) Corpse Bride (Mike Johnson, Tim Burton, 2005) Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (Tim Burton, 2005) Spider-Man 2 (Sam Raimi, 2004) Big Fish (Tim Burton, 2003) The Hulk (Ang Lee, 2003) Chicago (Rob Marshall, 2002) Red Dragon (Brett Ratner, 2002) Spider-Man (Sam Raimi, 2002) Men in Black II (Barry Sonnenfeld, 2002) Planet of the Apes (Tim Burton, 2001) Novocaine (David Atkins, 2001) Heartbreakers (David Mirkin, 2001) Spy Kids (Robert Rodriguez, 2001) Proof of of Life (Taylor Hackford, 2000) The Family Man (Brett Ratner, 2000) Anywhere But Here (Wayne Wang, 1999) (theme) Sleepy Hollow (Tim Burton, 1999) My Favourite Martian (Donald Petrie, 1999) (theme) Instinct (Jon Turteltaub, 1999) A Civil Action (Steven Zaillian, 1999) A Simple Plan (Sam Raimi, 1998) Vampires (The Revenant) (Richard Elfman, 1998) (theme) Psycho (Gus van Sant, 1998) (adaptation) Good Will Hunting (Gus van Sant, 1997) Scream 2 (Wes Craven,1997) (“Cassandra's Aria”) Men in Black (Barry Sonnenfeld, 1997) Flubber (Les Mayfield, 1997) The Frighteners (Peter Jackson, 1996) Attacks!


Question: When was George Tillman born?

Danny Elfman

(Tim Burton, 1996) Mission: Impossible (Brian De Palma, 1996) Extreme Measures (Michael Apted, 1996) Freeway (Matthew Bright, 1996) To Die For (Gus van Sant, 1995) Dead Presidents (Hughes Brothers, 1995) Black Beauty (Caroline Thompson, 1994) Dolores Claiborne (Taylor Hackford, 1994) Shrunken Heads (Richard Elfman, 1994) The Nightmare Before Christmas (Henry Selick, Tim Burton, 1993) Army of Darkness (Sam Raimi, 1993) (“March of the Dead”) Sommersby (Jon Amiel, 1993) Batman Returns (Tim Burton, 1992) Article 99 (Howard Deutch, 1992) Pure Luck (Nadia Tass, 1990) Nightbreed (Clive Barker, 1990) Dick Tracy (Warren Beatty, 1990) Edward Scissorhands (Tim Burton, 1990) Batman (Tim Burton, 1989) Big Top Pee-wee (Randal Kleiser, 1988) Hot to Trot (Michael Dinner, 1988) Midnight Run (Martin Brest, 1988) Scrooged (Richard Donner, 1988) Beetlejuice (Tim Burton, 1988) Summer School (Carl Reiner, 1987) Back to School, (Alan Metter, 1986) Wisdom (Emilio Estevez, Robert Wise, 1986) Pee-wee's Big Adventure (Tim Burton, 1985) Forbidden Zone (Richard Elfman, 1980) He also made the theme/opening music of several television series films, namely: Point Pleasant (2005) Desperate Housewives (2004) Dilbert (1999) Batman: The Animated Series (1992) The Flash (1990) Tales from the Crypt (1989) Beetlejuice (1989) The Simpsons (1989) Sledge Hammer! (1986) Pee-wee's Playhouse (1986) (some episodes) Other works In addition to music illustrations for films and television series films, Danny Elfman has made a wide variety of music namely concert music, advertising music, video games and others.


Question: When was George Tillman born?

Danny Elfman

Danny Elfman made music for IRIS, a Journey Through the World of Cinema which played at the Kodak Theater, Los Angeles starting on July 21, 2011.


Question: When was George Tillman born?

Danny Elfman

The director and choreographer of this show from Cirque du Soleil was Philippe Decouflé.


Question: When was George Tillman born?

Danny Elfman

He made music for Rabbits and Rogue, a ballet of the creations of renowned choreographer Twyla Tharp that was staged from May 19 to July 12, 2008 by American Ballet Theater.


Question: When was George Tillman born?

Danny Elfman

Together with Erik Sanko, Danny Elfman made music for a marionette play that is a rope puppet song by Erik Sanko titled The Fortune Teller.


Question: When was George Tillman born?

Danny Elfman

The skits played at Here Arts Center, New York from October 19 to November 5, 2006.


Question: When was George Tillman born?

Danny Elfman

Danny Elfman has also begun making concert music, the first time being Serenada Schizophrana, concert music for the American Composers Orchestra played on February 23, 2005 at Carnegie Hall, New York, with conductor John Mauceri.


Question: When was George Tillman born?

Danny Elfman

Later he also made the Overeager Overture to be played by the Hollywood Bowl Orchestra on September 15—17, 2006, also with conductor John Mauceri.


Question: When was George Tillman born?

Danny Elfman

In 2004, Danny Elfman made the opening music of Xbox and PC games from Microsoft titled Fable.


Question: When was George Tillman born?

Danny Elfman

The music for his own games was made by Russel Shaw.


Question: When was George Tillman born?

Danny Elfman

Outside Category:Musicians United States


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Java Calendar

The Javanese calendar or Javanese Penanggalan is a dating system used by the Sultanate of Mataram and its various split kingdoms as well as those who gained influence.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

This dating is idiosyncratic because it blends the Islamic dating system, the Hindu dating system, and the slight Julian dating that is part of Western culture.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

The Javanese calendar system uses two day cycles: a weekly cycle consisting of seven days (Sunday to Saturday) and a pancawara week cycle consisting of five market days.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

In 1625 AD (1547 Saka), Sultan Agung of Mataram tried hard to instill Islam in Java.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

One of his efforts was to issue a decree that replaced the solar turnaround based Saka dating with a kamariah or lunar (lunar turnaround based) calendar system.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Uniquely, the number of Saka years remained used and passed on, not using calculations from the Hijriyah year (then 1035 AH).


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

This was done for the principle of continuity, so that the year that was 1547 Saka passed to 1547 Java.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Sultan Agung's decree applies in all areas of Mataram Sultanate: the whole island of Java and Madura except Banten, Batavia and Banyuwangi (=Balambangan).


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

These latter three regions did not include Sultan Agung's territory of power.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

The islands of Bali and Palembang are gaining influence of Javanese culture, also did not take over the calendar of Sultan Agung's bouquets.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

List of Islamic Javanese months below are presented the names of Islamic Javanese months.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Some months names are taken from the Hijriyah Calendar, with Arabic names, but some of them use names in Sanskrit such as Pasa, Sela and possibly also Sura.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

While the name Apit and Besar comes from Javanese and Malay language.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

These names are the names of kamariah or candra (lunar) months.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

The naming of the month is partly related to the great days that exist within the hijri month, for example Pasa relates to the fasting of Ramadan, Mulud is concerned with the Prophet's Maulid in the month of Rabi'ul Awal, and Ruwah pertains to the Nisfu Sha'ban where considered the deeds of the ruh during the year are recorded.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

The names of the month are as follows: Warana • Sura, meaning rijal Wadana • Sapar, meaning wiwit Wijangga • Mulud, meaning kanda Wiyana • Bakda Mulud, meaning ambuka Widada • Jumadi Awal, meaning Widarpa wiwara • Jumadi Late, meaning Rahsa Wilapa • Rejep, artiya purwa Wahana • Ruwah, meaning dumadi Wanana • Pasa, meaning madya Wurana • Sawal, meaning Wujana • Sela, meaning wusana Wujala • Large, meaning empty Description The alternative name of the month Dulkangidah is Sela or Apit.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

These names are relics of Old Javanese names for the 11th season name referred to as Hapit Lemak.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Sela means weakly related stone whose meaning is “ground”.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

See also below.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

List of solar Javanese months In 1856 AD, because the dating of kamariah is considered inadequate as a benchmark for farmers who cultivate planting, then the months of the season or solar months called as prey pranata, codified by Sunan Pakubuwana VII [1] or its use set officially.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Actually, this prey pranata is the division of the moon that has been used in pre-Islamic times, only adapted to the date of the Gregorian calendar which is also the solar calendar, and left the Hindu date; consequently the age of each prey varies.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Description In Old Javanese the eleventh prey is called the weak hapit while the twelfth prey is referred to as the wood hapit.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Then the name dhesta is taken from the name of the 11th month of Hindu dating from Sanskrit jyes.t.ha and the name sadha is taken from the word âs.âd.ha which is the twelfth month.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

The windu cycle By Javanese years were merged into one, consisting of eight Javanese years.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Each unit consists of 8 years of Java and is called windu.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Windu himself rolls four rounds (32 years Javanese): Adi, Kuntara, Sangara, and Sancaya.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Below are presented the names of the year in one windu: [2] Number 2835 even-numbered days divided by 35/sepan (market days) The names of the year are as follows: Purwana • Alip, meaning there is (start intending) Karyana • Ehe, meaning tumandang (do) Anama • Jemawal, meaning gawe (work) Lalana • Je, meaning lelakon (process, fate) Ngawana • Dal, meaning urip (life) Pawaka • Be, meaning ball-bali (always back) Wasana • Wawu, meaning marang (towards) Swasana • Jimakir, meaning suwung (empty) The division of the Javanese in the pre-Islamic period knew the long week not only seven-day course, but from 2 to 10 days.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

These weekends are called by the names of dwiwara, triwara, caturwara, pañcawara (pancawara), sadwara, saptawara, astawara and sangawara.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Today only weeks consisting of five days and seven days are used, but on the island of Bali and in Tengger, other weeks are still used.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

The week consisting of seven days is connected with the moon-earth system.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

The movement (solah) of the moon towards the earth here is the name of the seven names of the day: Radite • Sunday, symbolizes Soma • Monday, symbolizes forward Hanggara • Tuesday, symbolizes Buddha retreat • Wednesday, symbolizes mangiwa (move to the left) Respati • Thursday, symbolizes manengen (move to the right) Sukra • Friday, symbolizing mupload (rise to the top) Tumpak • Saturday, symbolizing the hereditary (moving down) Week consisting of five days is called as a market by the Javanese and consists of the days: Legi Pahing Pon Wage Kliwon Market days is a position attitude (patrap) of the month as follows: Kliwon • Asih, symbolizing jumeneng (standing) Legi • Sweet, symbolizing mungkur (turned backwards) Pahing • Bitter, symbolizing madep (facing) Pon • Petak, symbolizing sare (sleeping) Wage • Cemeng, symbolizing lenggah (sitting) Then a This week consisting of seven days, which is also known in other cultures, has a cycle consisting of 30 weeks.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Every week is called one wuku and after 30 wuku then a new cycle comes again.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

This cycle that totals 210 days is all possible days of the week consisting of 7, 6 and 5 days.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Moon sighting in Javanese dating: The 1st of the month of Java, the moon looks very small—just like a line, this is enhanced by a newborn baby, which over time becomes bigger and brighter.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

The 14th of the month of Java is called full sidhi, the full moon symbolizes adults who have married.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

The 15th of the month of Java is called full, the moon is still full but there is already a sign of size and light is slightly reduced.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

The 20th of the month of Java called panglong, people have begun to lose their memory power.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

The 25th of the month of Java called sumurup, people have begun to be taken care of their lives by others back like babies like.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

The 26th of the month of Java is called manjing, where human life returns to its original place becomes rijal again.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

The remaining days of four or five days symbolize the moment in which rijal will begin to be reborn into the life of a new world.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Reference Pigeaud, Th., 1938, Javaans-Nederlands Woordenboek.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Groningen-Batavia: J. B. Wolters Ricklefs, M.C., 1978, Modern Javanese historical tradition: a study of an original Kartasura chronicle and related materials.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London See also Tengger Calendar Bali Calendar Hijriyah Calendar Saka Pranata Prey Reference Outside links.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

This web page gives slightly different information and there are some things that are not appropriate.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

This web page provides more information about Javanese dating furnishings, including: Kurup, Windu, Windu, Coat of Arms of the Year, Sasi, Prey, Wuku, Latitude, Padangon, Padewan, Dina, Emblem of Dina, Paringkelan, Pasaran, Paarasan, Pancasuda, Kamarokam, Watak Sasi and Watak Dina.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

MATLAB function that calculates Weton, Dina, Wulan, Taun, Windu, Kurup and Dina Mulyo from any date.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

There is also a Perl function for calculating wespectacle.


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Open source software (open source).


Question: What is the number of months in the java calendar?

Javanese calendar

Category:Javanese Islam


Question: What is the number of films that Devi Dja played?

Goddess Yull

Raden Ayu Dewi Pujiati () is a famous Indonesian singer and actress, who hails from the coastal coastal city of Cirebon, West Java Province.


Question: What is the number of films that Devi Dja played?

Goddess Yull

His father HRP Soendaryo was a noble descendant of the Cirebon Sultanate.


Question: What is the number of films that Devi Dja played?

Goddess Yull

Whereas his mother Masayu Devi Hetimawati is a woman of Malay noble descent of Palembang.


Question: What is the number of films that Devi Dja played?

Goddess Yull

Career In 1977, Dewi participated in National Singer (after becoming the first winner at the provincial level of West Java) and ranked fourth, under Hetty Koes Endang (DKI), Melky Goeslaw/Diana Nasution (DKI), and Ira Puspita (East Java).


Question: What is the number of films that Devi Dja played?

Goddess Yull

Dewi Yull is also active in soap operas and movies, among others starring in soap opera Losmen and the film Kembang Paper also Regrets for Life.


Question: What is the number of films that Devi Dja played?

Goddess Yull

In her voice-pulling career, she was later always coupled with Broery Pesolima, who was considered a matching stage partner.


Question: What is the number of films that Devi Dja played?

Goddess Yull

Personal life In 1979, Dewi was brought together by Titiek Puspa with actor Ray Sahetapy in the film Girls.


Question: What is the number of films that Devi Dja played?

Goddess Yull

Later she was married to Ray and was endowed with four children.


Question: What is the number of films that Devi Dja played?

Goddess Yull

After 23 years of housekeeping, they finally separated properly in 2004, because the husband fell in love with his college friend while still studying at IKJ, namely Sri Respatini Kusumastuti (Iin) who currently holds a professor. [1]


Question: What is the number of films that Devi Dja played?

Goddess Yull

Discography You Are Not Yourself (1994) Two Pigeons Now New You Rasa (1993) You And I Are The Same (1993) Don't Have a Lie Among Us featuring Broery Marantika (1996) Miss The Forbidden One (1998) Millions There Is My Love Coming Ahead Filmography Film Advertising Laserin Awards Outside Link Reference (1998) Millions There Is My Love Coming Ahead Filmography Film Advertisement Laserin Awards Outside in English) in Kapanlagi.com on Instagram Category:Figures from Cirebon Category:Figures from Palembang Category:Indonesian female cast Category:Winners of Anugerah Musik Indonesia


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

The Character List in Hetalia includes a list of characters that appear in Axis Powers Hetalia in the world of Hetalia created by Hidekaz Himaruya and additional info-info about them.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

There are about 40 country characters already appearing in Hetalia.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

Axis Powers This group usually consists of Germans, Japanese and Italians who are all protagonists and main characters in the series.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

Countries that were members of the Axis Bloc that challenged the Allies in World War II, such as Hungary, also emerged.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

Italy Representing northern Italy, Italia (イタリ, Itaria) is a main character and protagonist in this story.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

He is often called Italia Veneziano (イタリア・).


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

In 2008, Himaruya gave human names to several characters and he was given the name Feliciano Vargas (レリアー・ルス, Ferichiano Varugasu).


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

He was a cheerful, whiny, frail and very dependent on Germany.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

He was the grandson of Roma Antiqua, and once spent his childhood in an Austrian home together with Hungary and the Holy Roman Empire.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

He was also fond of pasta, clever at drawing, seducing or attracting the attention of beautiful women, hoisting the white flag the sign of losing and often saying 'Vee' at the end of his word.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

He also has an older brother named Romano who represents southern Italy.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

In the anime, both Italians are voiced by Daisuke Namikawa whereas in the English dub, Veneziano is voiced by Todd Haberkorn whereas Romano is by Ian Sinclair.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

Veneziano and young Romano have been voiced by Canadian Aki in Japanese since the third season and Brina Palencia in English.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

Germany Representing the country of Germany, Germany (ドイ, Doitsu) is one of the protagonists and is one of the main characters in the series as well as the leader of the Axis Powers.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

In 2008, Himaruya gave human names to several characters and he was given the name Ludwig (ルートィッ, Rutovihhi).


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

Unlike the other main characters, he has no last name.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

He is a very serious character, hard-working and assumes bad things will happen when not following orders in the book.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

But, Ludwig was quite benevolent and guided the Italians and Japanese in battlefield exercises.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

There is some speculation that he constitutes the Holy Roman Empire growing up and was once discussed in one of the comic strips.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

He also has a tsundere behavior.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

He once called his boss a 'crazy' man, perhaps a reference to Hitler.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

He is voiced by Hiroki Yatsumoto in Japanese and Patrick Seitz in English.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

Japanese Japanese (日本, Nihon, Nippon) is one of the protagonists and main characters in the series.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

In 2008, Himaruya gave human names to several characters and he was named Honda Kiku (本田).


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

He was a thin, short man with dark hair and dark brown eyes.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

He was someone who was shy, hardworking and liked to isolate himself.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

As a child, he was raised by China as a younger brother, but he ended up attacking her with a katana, injuring her back and now denying the brother-sister relationship they once were.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

He was also once shown to have ties to Greece which he denied.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

Japan also has some otaku properties and was once a hikkikomori.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

She is a surrogate audience to Japanese readers and often experiences culture shock when she is exposed to Western culture.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

On his anime series, he is voiced by Hiroki Takahashi and by Christopher Bevins in English.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

Character Allied parties in Allied groups usually consist of America, Britain, France, Russia, and China.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

These characters are usually described comically unable to reach a word of agreement in their war meetings.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

Representatives of countries belonging to Allied Parties in World War II such as Canada also made appearances.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

American America (アリ, America), representing the American country, is one of the main characters of the series and plots themselves as the leader of the Allies.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

In 2008, Himaruya gave the name Alfred F. Jones (アルクレック・F・ジーン, Arufureddo F. Joonzu) to him.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

He is a character who is stubborn, energetic, often interferes in other people's affairs, ignorant, powerful, and has many strange ideas to solve international problems.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

He is a brother of Canada and had been raised by the British before its independence.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

She had short blonde hair with ahoge, blue eyes and sported glasses that were touted to represent Texas.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

He is passionate about hamburgers and is often seen eating them with a bottle of drink in the other's hand.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

He has an alien friend named Tony who lives in his house, but he is very afraid of ghosts.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

He was surmised by Katsuyuki Konishi in Japanese and Eric Vale in English.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

The two also voiced Canadians.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

As young, he was voiced by Ai Iwamura and Luci Christian in English.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

United Kingdom (イリス, Igirisu) represents Great Britain and the United Kingdom and is one of the main figures in the series.


Question: When did Hidekaz Himaruya make the Character List in Hetalia?

List of Hetalia characters

In 2008, Himaruya gave human names to several characters and he got the name Arthur Kirkland (アーコー・カークラン, Āsā Kākurando).