Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

The use of the camera via Instagram can also directly use existing effects, to set the coloring of the photo desired by the user.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

There is also a tilt-shift camera effect whose function is to focus a photo at one specific point.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Once the photo is taken through the camera inside Instagram, it can also be played in the direction of the user. [14]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

The photos to be uploaded via Instagram are not limited over a certain amount, but Instagram has size limitations for photos.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

The size used in Instagram is with a ratio of 3:2 or only box-shaped only.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Users can upload photos with that format only, or must edit them first to adjust their existing formats.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Once users select a photo to upload within Instagram, the user will be taken to the next page to edit the photo.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Photo effects In its initial version, Instagram has 15 photo effects that users can use when they want to edit their photos.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

The effects consisted of: X-Pro II, LoMo-fi, Earlybird, Sutro, Toaster, Brannan, Inkwell, Walden, Hefe, Apollo, Poprockeet, Nashville, Gotham, 1977, and Lord Kelvin [15].


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

On September 20, 2011, Instagam has added 4 more recent effects, Valencia, Amaro, Rise, Hudson, and removed 3 effects, Apollo, Poprockeet, and Gotham.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

In the application of the effect, users can also eliminate the photo frames that are included in the effect.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Another feature in the editing section is tilt-shift which functions the same as the camera effect via Instagram, which is to focus one point on a photo, and the surroundings become blurred.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

In its use tilt-shift application has 2 shapes, namely rectangular and round.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Both shapes can be arranged large and small with the desired focal point.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Tilt-shift also sets the photo around the focal point, allowing users to adjust the blur level around the focal point in the photo. [16]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

The photo title After the photo is edited, it will be taken to the next page, and the photo will be uploaded to Instagram or to other social networks.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

In it there is not only the option to upload on social networks or not, but also to enter the title of the photo, and add the location of the photo.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Before uploading a photo, users can enter a title to name the photo according to what the user has in mind.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Those titles can be used to offend other Instagram users by listing the account name of that person.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Users can also label the title of the photo, as a sign to group the photos into a category.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Arroba Like Twitter and Facebook, Instagram also has a feature that users can use to mention other users with an arroba sign (@) and enter the Instagram account name of that user.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Users can not only mention other users in the photo caption, but also in the comments section of the photo.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Essentially other user interruptions are meant to communicate with those users who have been alluded to. [17]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Photo label A label in Instagram is a code that makes it easy for users to search for the photo using “keywords”.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

When users label a photo, it can be easier to find.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

The label itself can be used in any form of communication concerned with the photo itself.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Users can enter their own name, where the photo was taken, to preach an event, to signify that the photo was in a race, or to signify that it was generated by a member of the Instagram community.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Photos that have been uploaded can be labeled according to the information concerned with the photo.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

At this time, labels are the best way if users are about to promote photos inside Instagram.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

The race As a medium to upload photos, one of the uses of Instagram is as a photography competition event.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

In this race, the organizers used a label sign to signify that the uploaded photo had participated in the race.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

A photo race via Instagram is one way to make a product better known to the wider public.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

The organizers also gave a certain period of time so that more users from Instagram participated in the race.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

In general, the race held through Instagram is not only giving prizes, but also by being the winner, it will be better known in the world of Instagram by other users.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

This allows the followers of those Instagram users to multiply. [18]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Publication of social activities As other social media uses, Instagram becomes a medium to notify a social activity in local or foreign coverage.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

The way used to follow this is to use Instagram labels.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

By using labels that discuss social activities, more and more people are following this.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Thus Instagram becomes one of the good promotional tools in conveying an activity.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Examples such as the #thisisJapan label that can attract the attention of international communities to help with the natural disasters that occurred in Japan at the beginning of last year. [19]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Organizational publications Inside Instagram are also many organizations that publish their products.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

For example, such as Starbucks, Red Bull, Burberry, or Levi's.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Many of these products are already using social media to introduce their latest products to the public, this is because they do not have to spend a percent fee to do the promotion.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Not only that, such manufacturers can interact directly with their consumers through Instagram.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

This is also utilized by manufacturers to get consumers even more, even more so when they want to approach consumers who have never used their products.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

In addition to business organizations, other types of organizations can also use Instagram for political purposes or other fields.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Geotagging After entering the title of the photo, the next section is the Geotag section.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

This section will appear when iDevice users activate their GPS within their iDevice.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Thus the iDevice can detect where those Instagram users are located.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Geotagging itself is the identification of geographic metadata in websites or photos. [20]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

With Geotag, users can be detected where they have taken the photo or where it has been uploaded.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Social networks In sharing photos, users can also not only share them in Instagram, but they can be shared also through other social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Foursquare, Tumblr, and Flickr which are available on Instagram pages to share photos aforementioned. [21]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Instagram likes sign also has a feature like sign whose function has similarities to those provided by Facebook, namely as a marker that other users like photos that have been uploaded.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Based on the duration of time and the number of likes on a photo in Instagram, that is the special factor that affects the photo famous or not.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

But the number of followers is also one of the important elements to make the photo famous.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

If a photo becomes famous, it will directly enter the popular page.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Popular when a photo comes into the popular page, which is a collection of popular photos from around the world at the time.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Indirectly the photo will become a thing known by the foreign community, so that the number of followers can also increase more.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

The photos that are on the popular page will not be on that page, but with time, there will be other new popular photos that enter the page list and shift the position of the popularity of the photo. [22]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Instagram Regulations As a place to upload photos from the general public, there are certain rules of Instagram, so that users do not upload photos that do not comply with the rules.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

The most important regulation within Instagram is the harsh banning of pornographic photographs, as well as uploading photos of other users without first asking permission.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

When any of the photos from the account look the same by other users, then that user has the right to tag the photo with a flag or report it directly to Instagram.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Tagging a photo with a flag Marking a photo with a flag works when the user wants to make a complaint against other Instagram uses.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

This is done if a photograph contains pornographic elements, threats, stolen photos or copyrighted photos.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

When tagging a photo with a flag (flagging), information about the party who has marked it will remain confidential. [23]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Other users may also report photos that do not belong to them when they find a photo with the same violations. [24]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Instagram's own Instagram community evolved from an iPhone app for photo sharing, to now a thriving social media company on the Internet.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Statistically after 10 months after it was issued, Instagram attracted the attention of 7 million new users who had uploaded 150 million photos on Instagram.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

While Instagram itself has only 5 staff working in it. [21]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Until now there has been no spam among users, and the activity of users is more often to like a photo and make a comment on it.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

From users who continually communicate between one and another, the relationship of users becomes even closer, especially if they know that they are in the same location.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

This is what was originally the beginning of Instagram communities or more commonly known as “IGers”.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

With that community, the spirit of getting a response from other users is important when uploading photos.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Not only that, users are encouraged to take even more photos and allow users to think that their photos are more artistic than ever before. [25]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

To date there are more than 141 communities of “Instagramers” in the world.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

These communities are not only categorized from countries, but large cities in a country. [26] iPhonesia iPhonesia community of digital photography and sports enthusiasts through iDevice. [26] iPhonesia itself prolonged from (i) Device (Pho) tographer Indo (nesia), is a community The first and largest iPhonography in Indonesia.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

This community began to be introduced since January 12, 2011. [27]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

The beginning of the formation of iPhonesia began from the desire of fellow iPhoneography enthusiasts (called for photo enthusiasts using iDevice) to share the knowledge of photographing and using photography apps on iDevice.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Starting from a Twitter account initiated by me and Gunawan HP and assisted by some friends, we finally launched the mailing list as a community communication medium on January 16. —Aries Lukman, co-founder of iPhonesia. [28]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

The existence of this community is intended as an event to exchange information about applications, as well as photo editing techniques.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

The community, motorized by Gunawan HP, Aries Lukman, Kezia Susanto, and Riswan Christianto has more than 1300 members on the mailing list group, and more than 2300 followers on Twitter.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Inside social media to share photos, Instagram has more than 800,000 photos have used the hashtag #iPhonesia.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

This made #iPhonesia into the top 5 biggest hashtags in the world and is still growing to date. [29]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Instagram in the future With more and more time, Instagram continues to grow.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

At the beginning, only a few users, now it has exceeded 8 million users from all over the world.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Not only is it to compensate for the increasing number of Instagram users, Instagram version is constantly increasing.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

On September 20, 2011, Instagram has issued its latest version, version 2.0 with some features added and also improved. [30]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

The development of Instagram itself, so more and more people want to use it.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Like what is written in Roger F. Fidler's book on mediamorphosis, that the development of the medium occurred through certain stages of time and in hand with the development of existing technologies. [31]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

But not all laymen can have iDevice to use Instagram.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Laypeople who want to use Instagram, but don't have iDevice more use the Android operating system.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

There is also an application that resembles Instagram in Android, Instaroid which in its use can still like and also comment on a photo, but in this app users cannot use the camera through Instagram. [32]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Kevin Systrom as CEO of Instagram has not confirmed whether Android can use Instagram or not.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

This is very important to us, yet we are only 6 people.


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Android is our top priority, but the first thing we have to do is build a team and determine the best people in the world to work on this project. —Kevin Systrom. [33]


Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

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Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

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Question: where is Pheed's main office?

Instagram

Category:Technology Category:Digital photography


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

Turen is a subdistrict in Malang Regency, East Java province, Indonesia.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

Turen as a center of community activity has a very long history.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

The inscription of Watu Godek found in the village of Bersusi, District Turen, supposedly mentions that Turen is the area of the scene that Mpu Sindok gave in the 10th century to a priest named Turian Tapadha.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

If it is based on the content of the inscription, then Turen has been a place of settlements long before the kingdoms of Kediri, Singasari, and Majapahit stood.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

However, the name Turen has only been recorded in the history of modern civilization since the Dutch colonial government built a tapioca flour mill in the area in the late 19th century.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

The influx of Dutch influence was also thought to bring the seeds of civilization of the big city to Turen.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

They, for example, built a large meeting hall that functioned as a ballroom for the dances of the Dutch employees right in front of the factory.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

Until now, the building called ball room by locals was still functioned as a meeting hall called Soedali Meeting Hall.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

Hadi Puspita, doctor and one of the community activists in Turen, reminisces about the era of independence around 1950s-1960s Turen is still among the areas left behind.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

Transportation to Malang City is only served by a few cars like Dodge brand oplet and steam trains majoring in Dampit-Malang.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

“That age, the father who became a health minister still made himself ichtyol ointment, sulfanilamide, and black cough medicine.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

The train is still using charcoal, from Dampit to Malang for 40 kilometers it takes six hours,” recalled the doctor who is familiarly called Kapit.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

Turen before there was PT Pindad deserted once.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

The 1970s were just beginning to get crowded.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

That's why, the youth used to gather in our house to eliminate saturation, "Said Dr. Hadi Purnomo, Hadi Puspita's older brother.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

From the get-together then came creativity to music.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

According to Kapit, the 1960s era had already formed bands in Turen that played the music of the Koes Brothers, Beatles, and Bee Gees.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

Changes began to occur when the government transitioned the tapioca factory in Turen into a munitions factory owned by PT Pindad in the late 1960s. The 1970s era, more and more young people Turen attended school in Malang and brought the trend of big cities to the city.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

“It used to be the source of information Aktuil magazine that reviews music and performances of famous bands,” said Nanang Setyo Heriono (47), one of the activists of PPPT Turen is currently incarnated into an educational city, has 2 SMPN, 1 SMAN, 1 SMKN and many private schools spread in Turen.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

The soil type stucture in the Turen District is a pesolic soil type, the topography is mostly a plain with an altitude of + 300-460 m above sea level, with a slope of less than 15% and a flat 85%, with an average rainfall of 1,419 mm per year, with a division of Eastern Turen area consists of Pagedangan Village, Sananrejo, and Sanankerto is a flat area, where the area is irrigated irrigation smoothly and suitable for the development of food crops (rice, maize, etc.), vegetable crops (chili, mustard, carrots etc.); fruit crops (durian, apokat, bananas etc) sugarcane crops.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

South Turen consists of Undaan village, Gedogwetan village, Gedogkulon village and Tawangrejeni village, this area is an area of rice paddy farming, plantations as well as potential for the development of purebred chicken farms, dairy cattle and industrial/artisan areas, as well as mining area excavation C. Turen Central part consists of Turen sub-district, Sedayu village, Jeru village, Talok village, Kedok village, and Bersusa village, which is an urban area and urban edge in addition to being an economic center, also as a development area/expansion of Turen city and industrial area/ craftsmen as well as flagship agricultural areas.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

In Turen and Sedayu Village there is a large industry, namely the Ammunition industry of PT.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

PINDAD.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

North Turen consists of Talangsuko village, Tumpukrenteng village this area is a paddy farming area as well as potential for the development of purebred chicken farms, dairy cattle, plantations and industrial/artisan areas.


Question: Where is the Turen area?

Turen, Malang

District Boundary Turen District is one of 33 sub-districts in Malang Regency, located + 16 km east from the capital of Malang Regency (Kepanjen City) and + 26 km south from Malang city, which is the center of development of East & South Malang area with boundaries — area boundaries : North: Wajak and East Bululawang Subdistrict: Wajak and South Dampit Subdistrict: Sumbermanjing West wetan Subdistrict: District Gondanglegi and Outside Pelaran (in Indonesian) (in Indonesian)


Question: What is the intent of Comte Savoie?

Annecy

Annecy (French pronunciation: [an.si]; Arpitan:Èneci or Ènneci) is the largest town in the Haute-Savoie Department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, southeastern France.


Question: What is the intent of Comte Savoie?

Annecy

The town is located at the northern end of Lake Annecy and 35 km to the south of the city of Geneva.


Question: What is the intent of Comte Savoie?

Annecy

The city was dubbed the “Jewel of the French Alps” by Raoul Blanchard's monograph describing its location among lakes and mountains.


Question: What is the intent of Comte Savoie?

Annecy

The city controls the entrance to the lake canyon from the north.


Question: What is the intent of Comte Savoie?

Annecy

Its population has tended to stagnate as a result of land unavailability; in 2013, the number of residents within the city limits was recorded at 52,029.


Question: What is the intent of Comte Savoie?

Annecy

However, its urban region has a population of 221,000.


Question: What is the intent of Comte Savoie?

Annecy

Annecy was once the residence of the Comte of Geneva in the 13th century and the Comte Savoie in the 14th century.


Question: What is the intent of Comte Savoie?

Annecy

The city's role in history strengthened during the Reformation of Calvinism in Geneva as Catholic bishops were displaced to Annecy.


Question: What is the intent of Comte Savoie?

Annecy

Saint Francis de Sales gave him the role of a stronghold of Counter-Reformation Catholicism


Question: What is the intent of Comte Savoie?

Annecy

This town along with the province of Savoie became part of France in 1860.


Question: What is the intent of Comte Savoie?

Annecy

The city is sometimes nicknamed “Venice in the Alps” and is a popular tourist destination.


Question: What is the intent of Comte Savoie?

Annecy

Outlinks (in French) (in English) (in French) (in French) (in French) (in English) (in French) (in French) (in French) Category:Cities in France


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate (Arabic: الخلافة العباسية, al-khilāfah al-'abbāsīyyah) or Banu Abbasiyah (Arabic: العباسيون, al-'abbāsīyyūn) was the second caliphate of Islam ruling in Baghdad (now the capital city of Iraq).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The caliphate grew rapidly and made the Islamic world the center of world knowledge.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This caliphate came to power after seizing it from the Banu Umayyads and subjugating all its territories except Andalusia.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Children of Abbasids are referred to the descendants of the youngest uncle of the Prophet Muhammad, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muthalib (566-652), therefore they also belong to the Children of Hashim.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In power starting in 750 and moved the capital from Damascus to Baghdad.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

It flourished for three centuries, but slowly dimmed after the rise of the Turks who were formerly part of the army of the caliphate they formed, and were known as Mamluk.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

During 150 years of taking power bypassing Iran, the caliphate was forced to hand over power to local dynasties, often called amirs or sultans.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Surrendered Andalusia to the descendants of the fleeing Banu Umayyads, the Maghreb and Ifriqiya to the Aghlabiyads and the Fatimiyads.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

His total fall in 1258 was due to an attack by the Mongols led by Hulagu Khan that destroyed Baghdad and left none of the knowledge accumulated in Baghdad's library.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Descendants of the Bani Abbasids include the al-Abbasi tribe today many residing in northeastern Tikrit, present-day Iraq.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Introduction of Anin and azzam, In the beginning Muhammad ibn Ali, great-grandson of Abbas ran a campaign to restore the powers of government to the Bani Hashim family in Parsi during the reign of Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Subsequently during the reign of Caliph Marwan II, this opposition further peaked and finally in 750, Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah succeeded in razing the Umayyad Daulah and was subsequently sworn in as caliph.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Bani Abbasids managed to hold the caliphate's power for three centuries, re-consolidating Islamic-style leadership and fertilizing the science and cultural development of the Middle East.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

But in 940 the caliphate's power shrank when non-Arabs, particularly the Turks (and later followed by the Mamluks in Egypt in the mid-13th century), began to gain influence and began to secede from the caliphate.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Nonetheless, the caliphate persists as a symbol that unites Muslims.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

During his reign, the Banu Abbasids claimed that their dynasty was unrivaled.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

But later, Said ibn Husain, a Shia Muslim from the Fatimiyyyah dynasty claimed to be from the descendants of his daughters the Prophet Muhammad, claimed himself as Caliph in 909, resulting in dual power arising in areas of North Africa.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

At first he controlled only Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Later, however, he began to expand his area of power all the way to Egypt and Palestine, before finally the Banu Abbasyiah managed to retake the areas they had previously controlled, leaving only Egypt as the area of power of the Bani Fatimiyyah.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Fatimiyyyah dynasty then collapsed in 1171.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Whereas the Banu Umayyads could survive and continue to lead the Muslim community in Spain, then they claimed back the title of Caliph in 929, until it was finally dropped back in 1031.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Towards the golden peak of the Abbasid Khilafah is a continuation of the earlier khilafah of the Banu Umayyads, where the founder of this khilafah was Abdullah al-Saffah ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdullah ibn al-Abbas (may Allah have mercy on him).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The patterns of governance applied by Daulah Abbasiyah vary according to political, social, and cultural changes.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

His dominion lasted over a long span of time, from 132 H (750 AD) to 656 H (1258 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Based on changing patterns of governance and politics, historians usually divide the reign of Daulah Abbas into five periods: the First Period (132 AH/750 AD - 232 AH/847 AD), called the period of first Persian influence.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Second Period (232 H/847 AD - 334 H/945 AD), is called the period of the first Turkish influence.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Third Period (334 AH/945 AD - 447 AH/1055 AD), the time of rule of the Bani Buwaih dynasty in the reign of the Abbasid khilafah.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This period is also called the second Persian period of influence.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Fourth Period (447 AH/1055 AD - 590 H/L194 AD), the time of the rule of the Bani Seljuk daulah in the reign of the Abbasiyah khilafah; it is usually also referred to as the period of the second Turkic influence (under control) of the Seljuk Sultanate (salajiqah al-Kubra/the great Seljuk).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Fifth Period (590 AH/1194 AD - 656 AH/1258 AD), the caliph's period was free from the influence of other dynasties, but his power was only effective around the city of Baghdad and ended by invasions from the Mongols.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the first period of rule Bani Abbas reached its golden age.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Politically, the caliphs were actually powerful figures and were centers of political and religious power at once.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

On the other hand, people's prosperity reaches its highest level.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This period also successfully prepared the foundation for the development of philosophy and science in Islam.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

But after this period ended, the rule of Bani Abbas began to decline in politics, although philosophy and science continued to evolve.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The reign of Abu al-Abbas, the founder of the dynasty was very short, namely from 750-754 A.D. Subsequently succeeded by Abu Ja'far al-Manshur (754-775 AD), who violently confronted his opponents mainly from the Banu Umayyads, the Khawarij, and also the Shi'ah.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In order to strengthen his power, large figures who might become rivals to him one by one were sidelined.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Abdullah bin Ali and Salih bin Ali, both of whom were his own uncles who were appointed governors by the previous caliphs in Syria and Egypt were killed for not being willing to take him, al-Manshur ordered Abu Muslim al-Khurasani to do so, and then sentenced to death Abu Muslim al- Khurasani in 755 AD, as it was feared that it would be a contender for him.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

At first the capital of the state was al-Hasyimiyah, near Kufah.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, to further solidify and maintain the stability of the newly established state, al-Mansyur moved the capital of the state to his newly built city, Baghdad, near the former capital of Persia, Ctesiphon, in 762 A.D. Thus, the center of government of the Bani Abbas dynasty was in the middle of the Persians.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In this new capital city al-Manshur carried out consolidation and enforced his government, among them by creating a kind of executive and judicial institution.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the field of government, he created a new tradition by elevating the Vizier as coordinator of the existing ministries, the first Vizier to be appointed was Khalid bin Barmak, originally from Balkh, Persia.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

He also established state protocol agencies, secretaries of state, and state police in addition to restyling the armed forces.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

He appointed Muhammad ibn Abdurrahman as a judge on the state's judicial institutions.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The supervisory post that had existed since the time of the Bani Umayyad dynasty improved its role with additional duties.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

If it used to be just to deliver the mail.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

During the time of al-Manshur, the post was assigned to collect all information in the areas so that the state administration could run smoothly.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The directors of the post were tasked with reporting the behavior of the local governor to the caliph.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Caliph al-Manshur attempted to reconquer areas previously liberated from the central government, and establish security in the border areas.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Among these efforts were to seize strongholds in Asia, the city of Malatia, the region of Coppadocia and Cicilia in 756-758 A.D.To the north its reinforcements crossed the mountains of Taurus and approached the Bosphorus strait.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

On the other hand, he made peace with emperor Constantine V and during the truce of 758-765 AD, the Byzantines paid annual tribute.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

His armies also faced off against Khazar Turkic forces in the Caucasus, Daylami on the Caspian sea, Turks in other parts of the Oxus, and India.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

During this time of al-Manshur, the sense of caliph again changed.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

He said: Innama anii Sulthan Allah fi ardhihi (verily I am the power of God on His earth) Thus, the concept of khilafah in his view and continued into the generations afterwards is a mandate from God, not of man, nor merely a prophet's continuation as it was during the time al- Khulafa' al-Rasyiduun.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In addition, distinct from the Bani Umayyad daulates, Abbasid caliphs wore “throne titles”, such as al-Manshur, and later this throne title was more popular than the actual name.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

If the foundations of the rule of the Abbasid daulah were laid and built by Abu al-Abbas as-Saffah and al-Manshur, then the golden peak of this dynasty was at seven caliphs afterwards, namely al-Mahdi (775-785 AD), Al-Hadi (775- 786 AD), Harun ar-Rasyid (786-809 AD), Al-Ma'mun (813-833 AD) al- Mu'tashim (833-842 AD), al-Watsiq (842-847 AD), and al-Mutawakkil (847-861 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In al-Mahdi's time the economy began to pick up with an increase in the agricultural sector through irrigation and an increase in mining yields such as silver, gold, copper and iron.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Except that trade transit between East and West also brings a lot of wealth.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Bashrah became an important port.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The popularity of the Abbasid daulah reached its peak during the time of the caliph Harun ar-Rashid (786-809 AD) and his son al-Ma'mun (813-833 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The wealth of the country widely utilized Harun al-Rasyid for social purposes, and established hospitals, physician educational institutions, and pharmaceuticals.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

At his time there were at least about 800 doctors.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In addition, public baths were also built.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Welfare, social, health, education, science, and culture and literature are in its golden age.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

It was during this time that the Islamic state established itself as the strongest and unchallenged state.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Al-Ma'mun, the successor of Harun ar-Rasyid, was known as a caliph who was deeply in love with the science of philosophy.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

During his reign, the translation of foreign books was initiated.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In order to translate Greek books, he paid translators from the Christian group and adherents of other religions (wa laa haula wa laa quwwata illaa billaah).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

He also established many schools, one of his most important major works being the construction of Baitul Hikmah, a translation center that serves as a college with a large library.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

It was during al-Ma'mun's time that Baghdad began to become a center of culture and science.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Al-Mu'tasim, the next caliph (833—842 AD), gave the Turks great opportunities to enter in government, their involvement beginning as a bodyguard army.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Unlike during the time of the Umayyad Daulah, the Abbasid dynasty held changes to the army system.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The practice of muslims following the war has stalled.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Soldiers are specially fostered into professional soldiers.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Thus, the military power of the Bani Abbas dynasty became very strong.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Nevertheless, in this period many political challenges and movements disturbed stability, both from among Bani Abbas himself and from outside.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Those movements such as the movements of the remnants of the Bani Umayyads and the internal circles of Bani Abbas, the al-Khawarij revolution in North Africa, the Zindiq movement in Persia, the Shi'ah movement, and inter-nation conflicts and streams of religious thought, can all be quelled.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

From the above picture the Children of the Abbasids in the first period emphasized the development of Islamic civilization and culture rather than the expansion of territory.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This is the basic difference between the Banu Abbas and the Banu Umayyads.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In addition, there are also prominent features of the Bani Abbas dynasty that were not present in the time of the Umayyads.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

With the move of the capital to Baghdad, the rule of Bani Abbas became distant from Islamic Arab influence.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

While the Bani Umayyad dynasty was very oriented towards Islamic Arabia.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the first and third periods of Abbasid rule, the influence of Persian culture was very strong, and in the second and fourth periods the Turks were very dominant in the politics and rule of this dynasty.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the administration of the state, during the time of Bani Abbas there was a post of vizier, who supervised the heads of departments.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This position did not exist within the government of the Banu Umayyads.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The new professional army was formed during the reign of Bani Abbas.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Previously, there had been no professional specialized soldiers.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

As outlined above, the peak of the development of Islamic culture and thought occurred during the reign of Bani Abbas.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, it does not mean that it is entirely derived from the creativity of the ruler of Bani Abbas himself.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Some of these have begun since the beginning of the Islamic awakening.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the field of education, for example, in early Islam, educational institutions have begun to develop.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

At that time, the educational institution consisted of two levels: Maktab/Kuttab and mosque, which is the lowest educational institution, where children know the basics of reading, counting and writing; and where teenagers learn the basics of religious science, such as tafsir, hadith, fiqh and language.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Deepening level, where students who want to deepen their knowledge, go out of the area demanding knowledge to a person or several experts in their respective fields.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

By and large, the science demanded is religious sciences.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

His teaching took place in mosques or in the houses of concerned clerics.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

For the son of the ruler education could take place in the palace or in the house of said ruler by calling expert clerics there.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

These institutions later flourished during the reign of Bani Abbas, with the establishment of libraries and academies.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The library at that time was more of a university, because in addition to the books, people could also read, write, and discuss.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The development of educational institutions reflects the development and progress of science.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This was largely determined by the development of Arabic, both as a language of administration that had been in effect since the time of the Banu Umayyads, and as the language of science.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In addition, the progress is at least, also determined by two things, namely: The assimilation between the Arabs and other nations that first experienced developments in the field of science.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

During the reign of Bani Abbas, many non-Arab nations converted to Islam.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Assimilation takes place effectively and is useful.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Those nations gave a certain stake in the development of science in Islam.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Persian influence, as already mentioned, was very strong in the field of government.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In addition, the Persians were meritorious in the development of science, philosophy, and literature.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Indian influence is seen in medicine, mathematical sciences and astronomy.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

While Greek influence came through translations in many fields of science, especially philosophy.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Translation movements that take place in three phases.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The first phase, during the time of caliph al-Manshur to Harun ar-Rasyid.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In this phase many translated were works in astronomy and manthiq.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The second phase lasted from the time of caliph al-Ma'mun until the year 300 H. The widely translated books were in philosophy and medicine.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The third phase takes place after the year 300 H, especially after the existence of papermaking.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The fields of translated science are increasingly widespread.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The influence of the advanced culture of the nation, especially through the translation movement, not only brings progress in the field of general science, but also religious science.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the field of tafsir, since its inception have been known two methods, the first interpretation, tafsir bi al-ma'tsur, that is, traditional interpretation by taking interpretations from the Prophet and the Companions.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Second, the interpretation of bi al-ra'yi, which is a rational method that rests more on opinions and thoughts than hadith and companions' opinions.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Both of these methods did evolve during the reign of Bani Abbas.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

But it is clear that the interpretation by the bi al-ra'yi method, (rational interpretation), is strongly influenced by the development of philosophic and science thought.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The same is also seen in fiqh science and especially in theological science.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The development of logic among Muslims greatly influenced the development of the two fields of science.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The priests of the four law madzhab lived during the reign of the first Abbasids.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Imam Abu Hanifah (700-767 AD) in his legal opinions were influenced by the development that occurred in Kufah, a city in the midst of Persian culture whose community life has reached a higher level of progress.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Therefore, this madhab uses more rational thought than hadith.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

His disciple and at the same time his continuator, Abu Yusuf, became Qadhi al-Qudhat in the time of Aaron ar-Rashid.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In contrast to Imam Abu Hanifah, Imam Malik (713-795 AD) used a lot of hadith and traditions of the people of Medina.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The opinion of the two figures of the legal madhab was brokered by Imam Shafi'i (767-820 AD), and Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780-855 AD) who restored the madzhab system and the opinion of reason only to the hadith of the Prophet and commanded his disciples to hold on to the hadith of the Prophet and understanding of the companions of the Prophet.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This they did to maintain and purify the teachings of Islam from the cultures and customs of non-Arabs.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Alongside the four founders of the great madzhab, during the reign of Bani Abbas many other mujtahids issued their opinions freely and established his madzhabs anyway.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, because his followers did not flourish, the thought and the madhab were lost with the passing of the ages.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The heretical streams that had existed during the time of the Children of Umayyads, such as Khawarij, Murji'ah and Mu'tazilah existed.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

But the development of his thinking is still limited.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Mu'tazilah's rational theology arose at the end of the Bani Umayyad rule.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, his more complex and perfect thoughts were new they formulated during the reign of the first period of Bani Abbas, after a contact with Greek thought that brought philosophic thought and rationalism in Islam.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The greatest formulating figures of Mu'tazilah thought were Abu al-Huzail al-Allaf (135-235 AH/752-849M) and al-Nazzam (185-221 H/801-835M).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Ash'ariyah, the traditional stream in theology established by Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (873-935 AD) who was born during the time of Bani Abbas was also widely affected by Greek logic.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This happened, because al-Ash'ari was formerly a follower of Mu'tazilah.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The same is true in the field of literature.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The writing of hadith, also developed rapidly during the time of Bani Abbas.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

That may be mainly due to the availability of facilities and transportation, making it easier for seekers and hadith writers to work.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The influence of the translation movement is seen in the development of general science, especially in the fields of astronomy, medicine, philosophy, chemistry and history.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the famous astronomical field al-Fazari names as the Islamic astronomer who first composed the astrolobe.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Al-Farghani, known in Europe by the name Al-Faragnus, wrote a compendium of astronomical science translated into Latin by Gerard Cremona and Johannes Hispalensis.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the field of medicine are known as ar-Razi and Ibn Sina.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Ar-Razi was the first figure to distinguish between smallpox disease with measles.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

He was also the first to compile a book concerning pediatric medicine.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Afterward, medical science was in the hands of Ibn Sina.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Ibn Sina who was also a philosof succeeded in discovering the circulatory system in humans.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Among his works is al-Qoonuun fi al-Thibb which is the most massive encyclopaedia of medicine in history.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the optical field Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haitsami, who in Europe was known as Alhazen, was famous as a man who opposed the opinion that the eye sent light to the object being seen.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

According to his theory that later proved the truth was the treasurer who sent light to the eyes.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the field of chemistry, famous name Jabir ibn Hayyan.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

He argued that metals such as tin, iron and copper could be converted into gold or silver by mixing in a particular substance.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the field of mathematics is well known name Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khawarizmi, who was also proficient in astronomy.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

It was he who created the science of algebra.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The word algebra comes from the title of his book, al-Jabr wa al-Muqoibalah.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the field of history is well known the name al-Mas'udi.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

He is also an expert in the science of geography.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Among his works is Muuruj al-Zahab wa Ma'aadzin al-Jawahir.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Notable figures in philosophy include al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Ibn Rusyd.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Al-Farabi wrote many books on philosophy, logic, soul, statehood, ethics and interpretation of Aristotle's philosophy.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Ibn Sina also made many books on philosophy, the famous one of which is ash-Shifa'.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Ibn Rusyd, who in the West is better known as Averroes, was widely influential in the West in the field of philosophy, so there is a stream called Averroism.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

During this caliphate, the Islamic world experienced a massive increase in the field of science.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

One of the great innovations of this time was the translation of works in the fields of knowledge, literature, and philosophy from Greece, Persia, and Hindustan.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Many groups of thinkers were born this age, many of them are not Islamic and not Arab Muslims.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

They played an important role in translating and developing the work of Greek and Hindu literature, and the science of pre-Islamic times to European Christian communities.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This donation of them led to an expert in Greek philosophy namely Aristotle to be well known in Europe.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In addition, this age witnessed the discovery of geography, mathematics, and astronomy such as Euclid and Claudius Ptolemy.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

These sciences were later improved again by some Islamic figures such as Al-Biruni and so on.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Such was the political and cultural progress that Islamic rule had achieved in the classical period, progress that was unmatched at that time.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

At this time, political progress went hand in hand with the advancement of civilization and culture, so that Islam reached its golden age, glory and resolation.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This golden age reached its peak especially during the first period of Bani Abbas rule, but after this period ended, Islamic civilization also suffered a period of decline.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Wallahul Musta'an. The Mamluk influence of the Abbasid Caliphate was the first to organize the use of slave armies called Mamluk in the 9th century.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Formed by al-Ma'mun, these slave armies were dominated by the Turks but also heavily filled by Berbers from North Africa and Slavs from Eastern Europe.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This is an innovation because previously used were mercenaries from Turkey.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

However the Mamluk army helped as well as complicate the caliphate of the Abbasiyah. due to the various conditions that existed in the Muslims at that time, in the end, this caliphate only became a symbol and even this Mamluk army, known as the Bani Mamalik succeeded in power, which in originally took the initiative to seize the power of the Ayyubiyyah kingdom which at that time was a prolonged hand from the chilafah of Banu Abbas, this was because the rulers of Ayyubiyyah at that time were less assertive in leading the kingdom.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

These Bani Mamalik established their own sultanate in Egypt and moved the capital from Baghdad to Cairo after various attacks from the tartar army and the destruction of Baghdad itself after Mongol attacks under the leadership of Hulagu Khan.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Although ruling the Bani Mamalik still declared themselves under the rule (symbolic) of the caliphate, where the Abbasid caliph remained as head of state.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The influence of Bani Buwaih Another factor that caused the political role of Bani Abbas to decline was the seizure of power in the center of government, by allowing the position to remain held by bani Abbas, because the caliph was already considered a sacred and inviolable religious office, while power can be established in the center as well as areas far from the center of government in the form of small independent dynasties.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Among other factors that caused Bani Abbas's political role to decline was the power struggle at the centre of government.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This was actually also the case with previous Islamic governments.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, what happened to the Abbasid government was different from what happened before.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

During the reign of Bani Abbas, power struggles were frequent, especially early in its founding.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, in subsequent times, as seen in the second period onwards, although the caliph was powerless, there was no attempt to seize the post of khilafah from the hands of Bani Abbas.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

All there was was an attempt to seize his power by allowing the post of caliph to remain held by Bani Abbas.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This happened because the caliph was already considered a sacred and inviolable religious office.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

While power can be established in the center as well as in areas far from the center of government in the form of small independent dynasties.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Turkish army managed to seize the power.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In their hands the caliph is like a puppet who can do nothing.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In fact it was they who elected and deposed the caliph according to their political desires.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

After power was in the hands of the Turks in the second period, in the third period (334-447 H/L055 AD), the Abbasid daulah came under the influence of the Shi'ah-understood Banu Buwaih.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The influence of Bani Seljuk After the fall of power of Bani Buwaih into the hands of the Bani Seljuk or Salajiqah Al-Kubro (the Great Seljuk), the position and position of the Abbasiyad caliph was slightly better, at least his authority in the religious sphere was restored even they continued to maintain integrity and security for dampened the understanding of Shi'ah and developed the Sunni manhaj professed by them.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Important factors that led to the decline of Bani Abbas at this time, so many regions made free, were: The extent of the Abbasiyyah's sovereign power area while central communication with the region was difficult.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Simultaneously, the level of mutual trust among the rulers and executors of the government was very low.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

With the professionalization of the armed forces, the caliph's reliance on them was very high.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

State finances are very difficult because the costs incurred on mercenaries are enormous.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

At a time when military power was declining, the caliph was unable to force the delivery of taxes to Baghdad.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The period of Disintegration (1000-1250 A.D.) As a result of wisdom that emphasizes the development of civilization and Islamic culture than the political issue, certain provinces on the periphery began to escape the grasp of the rulers of Bani Abbas, in various ways including the rebellion was carried out by local leaders and they managed to gain full independence.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Disintegration in the political sphere had actually begun to occur in the late days of the Banu Umayyads.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

But speaking of Islamic politics in the historical trajectory, there will be a difference between the Bani Umayyad government and the Bani Abbas government.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Bani Umayyad area of power, starting from the beginning of its foundation until the period of its collapse, aligned with the boundaries of the Islamic power area.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

It is not entirely true to apply to the government of Bani Abbas.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This dynastic dominion was never recognized in Spain and the rest of North Africa, with the exception of Egypt which was intermittent and mostly nominal in nature.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Even in reality, many areas were not controlled by the caliph.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In real terms, those areas were under the rule of governors of the provinces concerned.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

His relationship with khilafah was marked by the payment of taxes.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

It is possible that the Abbasid caliphs had been quite satisfied with nominal recognition of certain provinces, with the payment of the tribute.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The reason is: Perhaps the caliphs were not strong enough to make them submit to him. The ruler of Bani Abbas was more focused on the development of civilization and culture than politics and expansion.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

As a result of wisdom that emphasizes the cultivation of Islamic civilization and culture rather than political issues, certain provinces on the periphery began to escape the grasp of the ruler of Bani Abbas.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This can happen in one of two ways: A local leader leads a rebellion and manages to gain full independence, such as the daulah of the Bani Umayyads in Spain and the Bani Idrisiyyah in Marokko.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

One who was appointed governor by the caliph, his standing grew stronger, such as daulah Aghlabiyyah in Tunisia and Thahiriyyah in Khurasan.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

With the exception of the Bani Umayyads in Spain and the Banu Idrisiyyah in Marokko, the provinces at first remained obedient to pay tribute as long as they watched Baghdad stabilize and the caliph was able to overcome the emerging upheavals.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

But by the time the caliph's authoritative had faded they had broken away from Baghdad's dominion.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Not only did they eat away at the caliph's power, but some of them even tried to take control of the caliph himself.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

According to Ibn Khaldun, in fact the collapse in power of Bani Abbas began to be seen from the beginning of the ninth century.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This phenomenon may be concurrent with the arrival of leaders who have military power in certain provinces that make them completely independent.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The military power of the Abbasids of that time began to regress.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Instead, the Abbasid rulers employed professional men in the military field, particularly Turkish soldiers with a new system of slavery as outlined above.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The appointment of this member of the Turkish military, in later developments teryata became a major threat to the caliph's power.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Moreover, in the first period of the reign of the Abbasiyah dynasty, there was a nationality fanaticism in the form of the Shu'u arabiyah movement (nationality/anti Arab).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

It is this movement that gives much inspiration to political movements, in addition to religious issues.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

It seems that the caliphs were not aware of the political danger of the fanaticism of the nationality and the religious stream, so although perceived in almost all facets of life, such as in literature and scientific works, they did not mean to abolish such fanaticism, even there was among those who actually involve themselves in that nationality and religious conflict.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This period of disintegration occurred after the rule of the first period of the Bani Abbasids reached its golden age, during the following period the reign of this dynasty began to decline, especially in the political sphere.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Where one reason is the tendency of rulers to live luxuriously and the weakness of the caliph in presiding over the wheels of government.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The end of the Seljuk Dynasty's rule over Baghdad or the Abbasid khilafah was the beginning of the fifth period.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In this period, the Abbasid caliphs were no longer under the rule of a particular dynasty, although many Islamic dynasties stood.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

There are among them considerable, but the most are minor dynasties.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid caliphs, had become independent and regained power, but only in Baghdad and its surroundings.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This narrow area of caliph power showed his political weakness.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

It was during this time that Mongol and Tartar armies attacked Baghdad.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Baghdad can be seized and destroyed without any meaningful resistance.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The destruction of Baghdad as a result of this attack by the Mongol army was the beginning of a new chapter in Islamic history, called the middle age.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

As seen in the periodization of the Abbasid khilafah, the period of decline begins as early as the second period.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, the factors causing the deterioration did not come suddenly.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The seeds were already visible in the first period, only because the caliphate in this period was very strong, the seeds did not have time to develop.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the history of Bani Abbas power it was seen that when the caliph was strong, ministers tended to play the role of chief civil servants, but if the caliph was weak, they would rule the wheels of government.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Alongside the weakness of the caliph, many other factors caused the Abbasid chilafah to retreat, each of these factors being related to each other.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Some of these are as follows: The rivalry between the Abbasiyad Khilafah peoples was established by the Banu Abbas who allied themselves with the Persians.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The fellowship is background by the equation of fate of the two groups during the time when the Children of Umayyads were in power.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Both are equally oppressed.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

After the Abbasid khilafah stood, the Bani Abbas dynasty retained the communion.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

According to Ibn Khaldun, there were two reasons the Bani Abbas dynasty chose the Persians rather than the Arabs.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

It was difficult for the Arabs to forget the Banu Umayyads.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In those days they were first-class citizens.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Arabs themselves were split by the existence of ashabiyah (tribalism).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Thus, the Abbasid khilafah was not enforced above traditional ashabiyah.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Nonetheless, the Persians did not feel satisfied.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

They wanted a dynasty with kings and servants from Persia anyway.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Meanwhile the Arabs thought that the blood flowing in their bodies was the blood (race) privileged and they considered inferior to non-Arab peoples ('ajam).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In addition, the territory of the Abbasids in the first period was extensive, encompassing various different peoples, such as Morocco, Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Persia, Turkey, and India.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

They were united with the Semitic nation.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Except Islam, at that time there was no consciousness that knitted such assorted elements strongly.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

As a result, alongside kearaban fanaticism, there also arose the fanaticism of other nations which gave birth to the syu'ubiyah movement.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This nationality fanaticism was apparently allowed to flourish by the ruler


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Meanwhile, the caliphs ran a new system of slavery.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The slaves of the Persians or Turks were made servants and soldiers.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

They were given a dynastic nasab and got a salary.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

By the Bani Abbas, they were considered servants.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This system of slavery has heightened the influence of the Persians and Turks.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Because of their great number and power, they felt that the state was theirs; they had power over the people by virtue of the caliph's power.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The tendency of each nation to dominate power had been felt since the early Abbasid caliphate stood.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, since the caliphs are strong men who are able to maintain a balance of power, political stability can be maintained.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

After al-Mutawakkil, a weak caliph, ascended the throne, the domination of the Turkish army was unstoppable again.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Since then Bani Abbas's rule has actually come to an end.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Power is in the hands of the Turks.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

This position was later taken by the Bani Buwaih, a Persian nation, in the third period, and further passed to the Seljuk Dynasty in the fourth period, as outlined earlier.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The emergence of dynasties that were born and some broke away from the power of Baghdad during the period of the Abbasids, among them were: The Persian: Bani Thahiriyyah in Khurasan, (205-259 AH/820-872 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Bani Shafariyah in Fars, (254-290 H/868-901 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Bani Samaniyah in Transoxania, (261-389 H/873-998 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Bani Sajiyyah in Azerbaijan, (266-318 H/878-930 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Bani Buwaih, even controlled Baghdad, (320-447 H/932-1055 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Turkic: Thuluniyah in Egypt, (254-292 H/837-903 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Ikhsyidiyah in Turkistan, (320-560 H/932-1163 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Ghaznawiyah in Afghanistan, (351-585 H/962-1189 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Bani Seljuk/Salajiqah and its branches: a.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The great Seljuk, or Great Seljuk, was founded by Rukn al-Din Abu Thalib Tuqhril Bek ibn Mikail ibn Seljuk ibn Tuqaq.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

These Seljuks took control of Baghdad and ruled for about 93 years (429-522H/1037-1127 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

And Sulthan Alib Arselan won the Crusade to I over the emperor Romanus IV and succeeded in captaining him.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

b.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Seljuk Kinnan at Kirman, (433-583 H/1040-1187 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

c.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Seljuk Syria or Syam in Syria, (487-511 H/1094-1117 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

d.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Seljuk Iraqis in Iraq and Kurdistan, (511-590 H/1117-1194 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

e.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Seljuk Ruum or Asia minor in central Asia (Anatolian Peninsula), (470-700 H/1077-1299 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The Kurds: al-Barzuqani, (348-406 H/959-1015 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Abu 'Ali, (380-489 AH/990-1095 AD). al-Ayyubiyyah, (564-648 AH/1167-1250 AD), was founded by Sulthan Shalahuddin al-Ayyubi after his success winning the Crusades of the III period.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Arab: Idrisiyyah in the Maghrib, (172-375 H/788-985 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Aghlabiyyah in Tunisia (184-289 H/800-900 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Dulafiyah in Kurdistan, (210-285 H/825-898 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

'Alawiyah in Thabaristan, (250-316 H/864-928 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Hamdaniyah in Aleppo and Maushil, (317-394 H/929- 1002 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Mazyadiyyah at Hillah, (403-545 H/1011-1150 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Ukailiyyah at Maushil, (386-489 H/996-1 095 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Mirdasiyyah in Aleppo, (414-472 H/1023-1079 AD).


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Who professed itself as khilafah: Umayyads in Spain.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Fatimiyah in Egypt.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

From the background of the dynasties, it seems clear there was an inter-nation rivalry, especially between Arabs, Persians and Turks.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In addition to the background of nationality, the dynasties are also in religious background, some are of Shi'ah and Sunni background.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The economic deterioration of the Abbasiyah Khilafah also suffered setbacks in economics along with setbacks in the political sphere.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

In the first period, the rule of Bani Abbas was a rich government.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The funds coming in are larger than those that come out, so Baitul-Mal is full of treasures.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Large accretions of funds were obtained, among others, from al-Kharaj, a kind of produce tax.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

After khilafah entered a period of decline, state revenues decreased while expenditures increased greater.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The decrease in the country's revenue is due to the narrowing of the territory of power, the number of unrest that disrupts the people's economy. tax and the number of small dynasties that make free and no longer pay tribute.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Whereas the spending swells, among other things, were caused by the lives of caliphs and officials increasingly lavish.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Types of expenditure are getting more diverse and officials are doing corruption.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Unstable political conditions led to the economy of the morat-marit state.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

On the contrary, poor economic conditions weakened the political power of the second Abbasid dynasty, this factor was interrelated and indivisible.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The rise of misguided streams and tribal fanaticism.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Religious fanaticism is closely related to the issue of nationality.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Since the ideals of the Persians were not fully attained, disillusionment prompted in part them to propagandize the teachings of Manuism, Zoroasterism and Mazdakism.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The rise of this movement known as the Zindiq movement teased the caliphs' sense of faith.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Al-Mansur tried hard to eradicate it, even Al-Mahdi felt it necessary to establish a special watch to supervise the activities of the Zindiq people and perform mihnah with the aim of eradicating heresy.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

However, none of that stopped their activities.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Conflicts between the faithful and the Zindiq group continued from very simple forms such as polemics about teachings, to armed conflict that spilled blood on both sides.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The al-Afsyin and Qaramithah movements are examples of that armed conflict.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

By the time this movement began to angle, its supporters took refuge much behind Shi'ah teachings, so many Shi'ah streams were seen as ghulat (extreme) and considered deviant by Shi'ah adherents themselves.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

The stream of Shi'ah is known as the political stream in Islam dealing with the understanding of Ahlussunnah.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Between the two there were frequent conflicts that sometimes also involved rulers.


Question: Which countries go through the process of professionalization in philosophy?

Abbasid Caliphate

Al-Mutawakkil, for example, ordered that Husein Ibn Ali's tomb in Karballa be destroyed.