Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Through apostolic succession, this Church believes itself to be a continuation of the Christian community founded by Jesus by ordaining St. Peter, a view also professed by many historians. [22]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The church established its doctrines through various ecumenical councils, emulating the first apostles in the Jerusalem Council. [23]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

On the basis of Jesus' promises to his apostles indicated in the Gospels, this Church believes that he is guided by the Holy Spirit and therefore protected from doctrine errors. [24] [25] [26] Catholic beliefs are based on a deposit of faith (covering both Scripture and Sacred Tradition) inherited from the time of the Apostles, and which is interpreted by the Church Teaching Authority.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Those beliefs are summarized in the Nicaese Creed, and formally detailed in the Catechism of the Catholic Church.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Formal Catholic worship, called liturgy, is governed by Church authorities.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Eucharist, one of the seven sacraments of the Church and an essential part of any Catholic Mass or Eastern Catholic Holy Liturgy, is the center of Catholic worship.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

With a history stretching back two millennia, the Church is one of the oldest institutions in the world [27] and has been instrumental in the history of Western civilization since at least the 4th century. [28]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

In the 11th century, a major schism, sometimes called the Schism of Akbar, occurred between Eastern and Western Christianities that mainly resulted from imperceptibility regarding papal primation.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Eastern Churches that remained and later re-established communion with the Bishop of Rome, Sri Pope, formed the Eastern Catholic Churches, and Churches that remained outside the papal authority were usually known as the Eastern Orthodox Churches.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

In the 16th century, also in response to the rise of the Protestant Reformation in Western Europe, it organized a process of internal reform and renovation, known as the Counter-Reformation.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Although this Church states that it is “the one, holy, catholic, and apostolic church,” founded by Jesus Christ, where people can find the fullness of the means of salvation, [29] [30] It also recognizes that the Holy Spirit can use other Christian communities to leads people to salvation. [31] [32] This church believes that he is called by the Holy Spirit to strive for unity among all Christians, a church known as ecumenism. [32]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Modern challenges facing the Church include the rise of secularism and opposition to its stance on abortion, euthanasia, contraception, and sexual morality. [33]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Terminology Part of a series onChristianity Jesuschrist Jesus in Christianity Virgin birth Crucifixion Resurrection appearances BibleFoundations Old Testament New Testament Gospel Canon Books Church Creed New Covenant Theology God Trinity Father Son Holy Spirit Apologetics Baptism Christology History of Theology Mission Salvation HistoryTradition Mary Apostolic Age Apostles Jewish Christian Peter Paul Ante-Nicene Period Church Fathers Constantine Councils Augustine East—West Schism Crusades Aquinas Luther Reformation DenominationsGroups Western Catholic Protestant Adventist Anabaptist Anglican Baptist Calvinist Evangelical Holiness Lutheran Methodist Pentecostal Proto-Protestant Eastern Assyrian Eastern Catholic Eastern Orthodox Oriental Orthodox Oriental Orthodox Reformed Spiritual Nontrinitarian Christadelphians Jehovah's Witness Judaizers Latter Day Saint Oneness Pentecostal Quakers Unitarian Related topics Art Criticism Ecumenism Liturgy Music Other Religions Prayer Sermon Symbolism Terrorism Christianity portalvt Throughout its history, the Church described in this article used many names, among others “The Church”, “The Catholic Church”, and “The Church” Roman Catholics”.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The name “Catholic Church” is used to distinguish it from other Churches that are not in full communion (full communion) with the Bishop of Rome, namely Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Anglican, and various Protestant denominations.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The name “Roman Catholic Church” was first used by Protestants to call the entire Church faithful to the Bishop of Rome.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

However this name has also been used by Catholics themselves since the 17th century, both in English, French, and Latin, to introduce their faith especially in regards to their communion with the throne of the diocese of Rome.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

In the Middle East region, the designation of the Catholic Church may mean the Catholic-Greek Church of Melkit, or any other Catholic Church in the Eastern Rite.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

In conjunction with other Churches, the name “Catholic Church” is used, and for internal affairs is used the name “Church”.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

For example, in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, the name “Church” is used hundreds of times, while the name “Catholic Church” is only used 24 times, even the name “Roman Catholic Church” is not used at all.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The use of the name “Catholic Church” is officially accepted by some other Christian Churches, but most of them use the term “Roman Catholic Church” to call this Church.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Nonetheless, in informal usage, even by other members of the Church the term “Catholic Church” is understood to be the name of this Church.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

In 397 AD, St. Augustine explained that the name was even understood by those whom he classed as heresy:...


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The name, namely Catholicism, which is not without reason, surrounded by so many heretics, has been used by the Church; thus, even though all heretics want to be called Catholic, but if any foreigner asks where the Catholic congregation is gathered, then none of the heresy are dare to appoint his own chapel or house.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

In short, neither the names “Catholic Church”, nor “Roman Catholic Church” are used as alternative designations for the entire church “led by Peter's successor and by bishops who are in one communion with him.”


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

JMPL|God's name above the image of the crucified Christ surrounded by angels, part of the altar background in a Catholic Church building.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Catholic Church believes that there is only one God, who is present in three persons: God the Father; Jesus the Son; and the Holy Spirit.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

His beliefs are summarized in the Nicaese Creed [34] and detailed in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. [35] [36] The Nicaese Creed is also central to the assertion of beliefs of other Christian denominations. [37]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

First of all are Eastern Orthodox Christians, whose beliefs are similar to those of Catholics, the main difference lies in terms of papal infallibility, filioque clauses, and Mary was conceived untainted. [38] [39] The various Protestant denominations vary in belief- his beliefs, but in general they differ from Catholics in terms of Sri Pope, Church Tradition, Eucharist, veneration of saints, as well as in issues related to grace, good deeds, and salvation. [40]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Jerusalem Council, convened by the Apostles around the year 50 to clarify the teachings of the Church, became the benchmark for subsequent Church conciliations organized by the leaders of the Church throughout history. [23] [41] [42] The last councils in this Church were the Councils The second Vatican, which ended in 1965. [43]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The teaching authority, the seven sacraments Based on Jesus' promise in the Gospel, the Catholic Church believes that he is guided continuously by the Holy Spirit, and therefore spared the possibility of fallacy of doctrine. [16] [44] The Catholic Church teaches that the Holy Spirit reveals the truth God through Scripture, Sacred Tradition, and Magisterium. [45]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Scripture, or the Catholic Bible, consists of the same books contained in the Greek version of the Old Testament—also called Septuaginta [46] —along with the 27th New Testament writings contained in the Codex Vaticanus and listed in the 39th Epistle of the Feast written by Athanasius. [ 47]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The entire book is the 73rd Catholic Scripture, in contrast to many Protestant churches that use 66 books alone. [46]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The books and writings that are considered canonical by the Catholic Church but not considered canonical by some other groups are also called Deuterocanonican books.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Sacred Tradition consists of teachings that according to the beliefs of the Church have inherited from the time of the Apostles. [44]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Scripture and Sacred Tradition together are called “faith deposits” (Latin: depositum fidei).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

This deposit of faith was later interpreted by the Magisterium (from the word magister in Latin meaning “teacher”), the teaching authority of the Catholic Church, which—through apostolic succession—was exercised by Sri Pope and the bishops who were in unity with the Pope. [48]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

According to the Council of Trente, Jesus instituted seven sacraments and entrusted them to the Church. [49]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The seven sacraments are Baptism, Chrisma, Eucharist, Reconciliation (Sacrament of Confession), Holy Oil (or the sacrament of “Anointing of the Sick”), Leviticus, and Marriage.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Sacraments are invisible rituals that matter, and which Catholics see as signs of God's presence as well as effective channels of God's grace to those who receive those sacraments with appropriate dispositions (ex opere operato). [50] [51] The essence of God Catholicism is monotheistic: believing that God is one, eternal, all-powerful (Omnipotent), all-knowing (Omniscien), all-good (Omnibenevolen), and omnipresent (Omnipresen).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

God exists differently and precedes His creation (i.e., everything that is not God, and whose existence depends on God) and nonetheless remains intimately present in His creation.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

In the First Vatican Council the Catholic Church teaches that, although with humane natural sense, God can be known in His works as the origin and end of all creation, [52] God has chosen to lavish Himself and His will supernaturally in ways which is indicated in the Epistle to the people of Hebrews 1:1-2.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Catholicism is also Trinitarian: believing that, although God is one in essence, essence, and being, this one God exists in three persons of law, each of which is identical to one essence, whose difference is only in their relation to each other: the relationship of the Father to the Son , the Son's relationship to the Father, and the relationship of the two with the Holy Spirit, make the one God the Trinity.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Catholics are baptized in the names (singular form) of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit — not three Gods, but one God who settled in three Persons.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Even if one essence of His divinity, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit is different, it is not simply three “masks” or manifestations of one Person.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The faith of the Church and each Christian individual is based on the relationship with the three Persons of one God.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Catholic Church believes that God lavishes Himself to mankind as Father to His only Son, who is in eternal communion with the Father (Matthew 11:27).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Catholics believe that God the Son, the Logos Illahi, the second Person of God, incarnate as Jesus Christ, a human being, was born of the Virgin Mary.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

He remains solemnly infidels and at the same time solemnly human.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

In his words and way of life, he taught everyone how to live, and lavished God as Love, giver of grace or mercy for free.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

After Jesus' crucifixion and resurrection, his followers, especially the twelve apostles, increasingly spread their faith with a spirit that they thought came from the Holy Spirit, the third Person of God, sent upon them by Jesus.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Original sin In Catholic belief, early man was created to live in union with God.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Because of the first human disobedience, the relationship broke up and sin and death came into the world. [53]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The fall makes man in a status called original sin, namely, separateness from his original intimate status with God that brings death through the idea that every human soul is immortal.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Yet when Jesus came into the world, becoming God and man, He was able through His sacrifice to reconcile mankind with God.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

By being united in Christ, through the Church, mankind is once again able to establish intimacy with God but also offer an even more amazing gift: participation in the Divine Life on Earth, which will attain its fullness in heaven in beatific vision ) —that is, face to face with God (1 Corinthians 13:12, 1 John 3:2).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The sacrament of Baptism is the only means of obtaining forgiveness for original sin.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Church of the Church, as Scripture says, is “the body of Christ," [54] and the Catholic Church teaches that the Church is a single body of the faithful in heaven and upon earth.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Therefore there is only one true Church, the seeming and the physical one, instead of multiple Churches.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

And for this one Church, originally founded by Jesus on Peter and the apostles, Jesus gave a mandate to be an authorized teacher and guardian of the faith.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

To transmit the divine revelation of Christ, the apostles were mandated to “preach the gospel,” which they carried out both orally and in writing, and which they preserved by leaving the bishops as their successors.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Catechism states that “the preaching of the apostles, expressed specifically in inspired books, conserved in a continuous chain of succession until the end of time.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

This transmission of life, manifested in the Holy Spirit, is called Tradition, because it differs from Scripture, although it is closely related to it.”


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The church is also the source of divine mercy given through sacraments (see below).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Church declares itself unmistakable (Church Infallibility) in teaching faith, based on Jesus' biblical promises that He will always be with His Church, and maintain it in righteousness through the Holy Spirit.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Furthermore, Jesus promised divine protection for the teachings and judgments of the apostles, as well as those who were successors to the apostles in their positions as teachers (i.e., bishops).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

After all, Jesus set the Church as the supreme court for all the faithful: “and if he refuses to listen to them, send unto the Church; and if he refuses also to listen to the Church, let him be unto you like a stranger and a tax collector.”


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

In this biblical verse, it appears that the Church bases its doctrines on written apostolic relics, namely the New Testament, and on oral traditions passed from the apostles for their successors (bishops) through continuous testimony of the Church.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The 8th chapter of the edict of the Vatican Council II concerning the Church, Lumen Gentium states that “the singular Church of Christ which in creed is proscribed as one, holy, catholic and apostolic” is “within the Catholic Church, led by Peter's successors and those bishops who are in communion with him.”


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

(The term Peter's successor means Bishop of Rome, Sri Pope).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Catechism of the Catholic Church, 85 states that the authentic interpretation of the Word of God is entrusted to the Magisterium of the living Church, namely the bishops in communion with the successors of St. Peter.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Catholic theology places the authority of interpretation of Scripture in the hands of consistent judgments of the Church from century to century (things that are constantly and everywhere taught) instead of on individual personal judgments.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Nonetheless, the magisterium encouraged its shepherds to read Scripture.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, “the main intent of the Church is to be a sacrament of inner union between man and God.”


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Thus “the structure of the Church as a whole is directed towards the sanctity of the members of the body of Christ.”


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Salvation of the Catholic Church teaches that salvation for eternal life is God's will for all, and that God bestows it for sinners as a free gift, a mercy, through Christ's sacrifice.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

“With respect to God, there is absolutely no right to any worthiness on the part of man.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Between God and us is stretched out an immeasurable gap, for we have received all things from Him, our Creator.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

It is God who justifies, that is, who absolves from sin by the free gift of holiness (the mercy of sanctification, also referred to as habitual mercy or divining mercy).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Man can receive the grace given by God through faith in Jesus Christ and through baptism, or reject it.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Role as well as man is necessary, in line with a new ability to cling to the divine will provided by God.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The faith of a Christian is not without deeds, because without the act of faith it will die.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

In this sense, “by the deeds of man are justified, and not by faith solely,” and eternal life is, at the same time, mercy and reward bestowed by God for good deeds and worthiness.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Faith, and therefore deeds, are the result of God's mercy - therefore, only by mercy can the believer be seen as “worthy” of salvation.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

According to the Catholic Church, through the graces Jesus gained for mankind by sacrificing himself on the cross, salvation is acceptable even to those outside the seeming boundaries of the Church.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Christians and even non-Christians, if in their lives positively responsive to the mercy and truth that God reveals to them through the mercy of Christ, can be saved (an attitude often referred to, in the case of non-Christians, as “the baptism of longing”).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

This sometimes includes awareness of the obligation to be part of the Catholic Church.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

In such cases — according to the view of the Catholic Church — whose goods realizes in his heart that the Catholic Church was founded by God through Jesus Christ as a necessary endeavor for his salvation, refuses to enter or remain in it, cannot be saved (interpretation Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Human life The Catholic Church affirms the sanctity of all human life, from in utero to death naturally.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Catholic Church believes that each person is created according to “the image and likeness of God,” and that human life should not be measured based on other values such as economics, comfort, personal preference, or social engineering.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Therefore, the Church opposes activities that it believes destroy or disbelieve the holy life created, including euthanasia, eugenics and abortion.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The sexuality of the Catholic Church teaches that human life and human sexuality are both inseparable and sacred. [55]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Church teaches that Manikeism, the belief that the spirit is good while the body is evil, is heresy.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Therefore, the Church does not teach that sex is a sin or ruins a merciful life.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Because God created the human body in His own image and manner, and because He saw that everything he had created was “truly good,” (Genesis 1:31) so is the human body and sex good.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

In the Catechism it is taught that “the body is the instrument of salvation. “[56]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Truly, the Church regards the expression of love between husbands and wives as the most sublime human activity, which unites, husbands and wives in complete surrender to each other, and opens their relationship to a new life.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

“Sexual activity, in which husbands and wives are intimately and purely mutually united, and through which human life is derived, is, as the last Council put it, 'noble and worthy. '” [57] Only in terms of sexual expression occurring outside sacramental marriage, or in the event that the procreational function of sexual expression in marriage is deliberately hindered, then the Catholic Church expresses its moral concerns.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The origin and history of the Catholic Church was founded by Jesus and the Twelver Apostles, continued by bishops as successors to the apostles generally, and Sri Pope as successor of St. Peter in particular. [58]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The term “Catholic Church” is known to have first been used in a letter from Ignatius of Antioch in 107, who wrote that: “Where there is a bishop, should the people be present there, just as where there is Jesus Christ, the Catholic Church is present there. “[59]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

In addition, Catholic writers provide a list of a number of quotations from earlier Church Fathers supporting that the Throne of the Diocese of Rome has jurisdictional or primational authority over other churches, [60] on others Orthodox writers reject such claims which constitute one of the main problems behind East-West schism, historically viewing Sri Pope as primus inter pares (the first among equals). [61]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

At the center of the doctrines of the Catholic Church is the Apostolic Succession, the belief that bishops were the spiritual successors of the early Twelver Apostles, through a historically unbroken chain of consecration.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The New Testament contains admonitions against teachings that simply repent Christianity, [62] and suggests that the leaders of the Church are given the honor of deciding which is the right one. [63]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Catholic Church teaches that the Catholic Church is the sustainability of people staying true to apostolic (apostolic) and episcopal (Diocesan) leadership as well as rejecting false teachings.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Pre-Medieval After passing through an early period tinged with sporadic but intense persecution, Christianity became legal in the 4th century, when Emperor Constantine I issued Edicta Milano (Information Milano) in 313.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Constantine was instrumental in the organization of the First Nicaese Council which was a council of bishops of the Catholic Church in 325, aimed at countering the heresy of Arianism and formulating the Nicaese Creed used by the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodoxy, and various Protestant Churches.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

On February 27, 380, Emperor Theodosius I enacted a law establishing Catholic Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire and ordering it to refer to others than it as heresy. [64]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

After the collapse of the Roman Empire, the Catholic Church went through a period of activity and mission expansion.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

During the Middle Ages Catholicism spread among the peoples of Germany (at first competing with Arianism), Vikings, Poles, Croats, Czechs, Slovaks, Hungarians, Lithuanians, Latvians, Finns and Estonians.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The success of monastic life fostered various centers of learning, the most distinguished of which were the most mashoric in Ireland and Gallia, and contributed to the Enlightenment Ages of the Carolingian Dynasty (Carolingian Renaissance).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Later in the Middle Ages, Cathedral Schools developed into universities (University of Paris, Oxford University, and Bologna University), forerunners of modern Western institutions of learning.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Grand schism In the 11th century, through a spate of processes over several centuries, the Church experienced a grand schism in which the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church were split due to issues of administration, liturgy, and doctrine, particularly the issue of Filioque clauses and papal jurisdiction primation.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Conventionally this schism dates back to 1054, when the Patriarch of Constantinople and Sri Pope issued statements excommunicating each other.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Neither the Council of Lyons II of 1274 nor the Council of Basel of 1439 attempted to reunite the two Churches, but the Orthodox rejected both councils.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church are still in a state of schism to this day, nonetheless in the Catholic-Orthodox joint declaration of 1965 the statement of exclusion was retracted by both Rome and Constantinople, and efforts to end schism continue.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Some Eastern Churches have reunited with the Catholic Church by accepting papal primation, and some other Eastern Churches claim never to be out of communion with Sri Pope.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Crusades of the Crusades were a series of military wars dating back to 1092 in the Holy Land and other places, condoned by the papacy, beginning during the papacy of Urbanus II in response to requests for help from the Emperor of Byzantium against Turkish expansion.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

These crusades as well as subsequent crusades ultimately failed to defuse the aggression of the Turks and even caused hatred among Christians due to the plunder and occupation of the city of Constantinople during the 4th Crusade.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Inquisition Since about 1184, and continuing during the Protestant Reformation, there was a number of historical activities involving the Catholic Church, and which is widely known as the Inquisition, aimed at saving religious and doctrinal unity in Christianity through its destitution, and sometimes When persecution, people who are charged with heresy.


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Roman Catholic Church

Evidently heresy, which is seen as a betrayal of the Christian world, can result in the acceptance of punishments that range from lenient punishment to the death penalty (among other things being burned alive) implemented by the state.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

An example of the rare execution of such capital punishment is that from 1540 to 1700 of all cases submitted to the Spanish Inquisition only 2-3% ended in death execution, lower than any secular judiciary virtually in those days. [65]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

According to historians, the Medieval Inquisition, the Spanish Inquisition, the Rome Inquisition, and the Portuguese Inquisition are historically distinct events.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Coverage from Inquisition activity, and in particular precise mortality, has become propaganda material later in life.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The second Rift Reformation in the history of Christianity occurred during the Protestant Reformation, which began in Germany in the 16th century.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

During the period, various community groups, often with the support of local authorities, rejected the primation of the Pope, the duty of celibacy for priests, as well as various other Catholic doctrines and practices, as well as digressions (such as simony/purchasing practices ecclesiastical posts) were common in those days.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The reformers within the Catholic Church launched the Catholic Counter-Reformation or Reformation, a period of clarification of doctrine, improvements to the priesthood and liturgy, and re-evangelization that began with the Council of Trento.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Council of Trento and its improvements produced a central theme for the next 300 years of Catholic history.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The period envisioned the work of catechesis and mission, a field of excellence for the Jesuit and Franciscan orders.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Catholicism spread throughout the world, along with the colonialism of European peoples: to the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Oceania.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Modern Age of the Church in the 18th and 19th centuries not only had to deal with the teachings of Protestantism, but also with the teachings of Enlightenment and Modernism concerning the nature of the human person, the state, and morality.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

With the onset of the Industrial Revolution, and growing concern for the conditions of urban laborers, the popes of the 19th and 20th centuries issued encyclicals (preferably Rerum Novarum) exposing Catholic Social Doctrine.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The First Vatican Council (1869—1870) affirmed the doctrine of papal infability which Catholics believed to be in continuity with the history of Peter's Supremacy within the Church.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The reform of the Second Vatican Council of the Catholic Church carried out one of the most thorough changes in its history during the Vatican Council II (1962—1965) and the decade afterward.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, more than ever, emphasizes what it views positively rather than what it views negatively in other Christian communities, in other religions, and in the aspirations of mankind in general.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The church encourages up-to-date renewal over religious life.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

And the Church authorizes church conferences to make adjustments in disciplines such as abstinence on Fridays.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Vatican II Council (1962—1965) convened by Pope John XXIII, primarily as a pastoral but authoritative council, [66] to make the historical teachings of the Catholic Church clear to the modern world.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

This council issued documents on a number of topics, including the nature of the Church, lay missions, and religious freedom.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

This council also issued briefings for liturgical revisions, including permission for Latin liturgical rites to use the local language in addition to Latin in Mass and other sacraments. [67]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The liturgy of the Catholic Church is fundamentally liturgical in its worshiping.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Liturgy comes from the Greek word meaning “work of society.”


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Vatican II Council stated “because the liturgy, through which our work of redemption is resolved, 'especially in the divine sacrifice of the Eucharist, is the best means for the faithful to be able to express in their lives, and manifest for others, the mystery of Christ and its essence true of the true Church. “[68]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The sacraments teach: “Sacraments are the merciful signs of mercy, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which divine life is channeled for us.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The visible rites with which the sacraments are celebrated mark and present mercy according to each sacrament.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The sacraments bear fruit in those who receive them in their supposed circumstances.”


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The seven sacraments are: Baptism of Confession [69] Priesthood Christma Eucharist Marriage Anointing of sick people The devotional life of the Catholic Church In addition to the sacraments, instituted by Jesus, there are also sacramentali means, namely sacred signs (ceremonies or objects) who gained power from the prayer of the Church.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Sacramentali involves prayer with the sign of the cross or other signs.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Notable examples are blessings (in which praise is raised for God and invokes His gifts), consecration of people, and purgatory of objects used to worship God.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Popular devotion is not part of the liturgy, but if judged authentic, it is supported by the Church.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Devotions include the veneration of relics of saints, visits to holy sites, pilgrimages, expressions (including expressions of the Most Holy Sacrament), cross worship, daily worship, worship of the Most Holy Sacrament, Blessing of the Most Holy Sacrament, and Prayer Rosary.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Personal prayer In addition, the many variations of Catholic spirituality allow Catholics to pray on their own in a wide variety of ways.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The 4th and final chapter of the Catechism sums up the Catholic response to the mystery of faith: “Therefore, this mystery, requires that the faithful believe in it, that they may celebrate it, and that they may live from it in a vital and personal relationship with God who is alive and true.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

That relationship is prayer. “[70]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Particular Churches within the Catholic Church Unlike the “communion” or “guild” of Churches formed by mutual recognition between varying ecclesiastical bodies, the Catholic Church regards itself as a single Church (“one Body”) formed of a large number of Particular Churches, each of which is an embodiment of the esa Catholic Church.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The universal church, is believed to constitute “a reality that ontologically and temporally predates each Particular Church individually. “[71]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Nonetheless, the Catholic Church emphasizes the importance of particular Churches within it, whose meaning of theological significance is reviewed in the Second Vatican Council.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Distinguished two uses of the term Particular Church.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Churches or autonomous particular Rites (sui iuris).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

See: Eastern Rite Catholic Churches Particular or local churches (Diocesan and National Conference of Guardians).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

See: Particular Church Relationship with other Christians Although claiming to be the Church founded by Jesus, the Catholic Church recognizes that many of the elements of salvation in the Gospel are also present in Churches and other ecclesiastical communities.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The document of the Vatican Council II, Lumen Gentium teaches that “the esa Church of Christ which in creed is promulgated as “the one, holy, catholic and apostolic...”


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

contained in the (Lumen Gentium uses the Latin word “Subsistit in”) the Catholic Church, led by Peter's successors and by bishops in communion with him, although many elements of sanctification and righteousness lie outside of its seeming structure. [72]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Thus, the document affirms the doctrine of Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus [73] (no salvation outside the Church).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Since Vatican Council II, the Catholic Church has reached out to Christian bodies, striving for the maximum possible reconciliation.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Important agreements have been reached regarding Baptism, Ministries, and Eucharists with Anglican theologians.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

With Lutheran bodies had been reached a similar agreement on theology of justification (justification).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

These important documents have further strengthened fraternal ties with these ecclesiastical communities.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Nonetheless, recent developments, such as the ordination of women and acceptance of homosexual couples, present new obstacles to reconciliation with the Lutheran Church, the Reformed Churches, and particularly the Anglican Church.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Consequently, in recent years, the catholic Church concentrated its efforts on reconciliation with the Eastern Orthodox Churches, whose theological differences with the Catholic Church were not such a great one.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Relations with the Russian Orthodox Churches suffered a rift in the 1990s with respect to property problems in the countries of the former USSR, the problems have not been resolved (in particular the parishes belonging to the Catholic-Greek Church of Ukraine), despite the relationship- fraternal relations with other Eastern Churches continued to progress.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The hierarchical structure of the Catholic Church of the Catholic Church has a hierarchical structure, which means a sacred order (contrary to charismatic structure).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

This hierarchical nature is applied within the entirety of the Catholic Church, although it is often associated only with the entombed ministers of the Church, who belong to one of the three levels of the holy priesthood: the episcopate (the bishops), the presbiterates (the priests), or the diaconate (the deacons).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Episcopal (the position of bishop) The bishops, having the fullness of the Christian priesthood, are a body of the Council of Bishops, the successors of the Apostles [74] and are “the Shepherds assigned in the Church, to be the teachers of doctrine, priests in the worship of the holy and the administrators in governance. “[75]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Sri Pope, the cardinals, patriarchs, primates, archbishops and metropolitan are all bishops and members of the episcopate or colleagues of the bishops of the Catholic Church.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Presbiterat (post of presbiter/priest) The bishops are assisted by priests and deacons.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Parishes, both territorial and person-based, within a diocese are usually headed by a priest known as a parish priest or priest.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Priests may perform many functions that are not directly related to ordinary pastoral activity, such as study, research, teaching or office work.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

They can also be chapelan rectors (priests of certain institutions such as military or universities), confessors, abbot, or cathedral deans.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

In the Latin Rite rules, only celibate men are ordained to be priests, whereas in Eastern Rite rules, married men may also be ordained.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Among the Eastern Rite Particular Churches, the Ethiopian Catholic Church only ordains men who live celibacy, but also has married priests who used to be ordained in the Orthodox Church.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Other Eastern Catholic Churches, which ordain married men, in some countries for example in the United States, do not have married priests.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Western or Latin Rite sometimes, but very rarely, ordains married men, usually they are clerical Protestants converting to Catholicism.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

All rites of the Catholic Church maintain an ancient tradition of not allowing marriage after ordination.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Even if the wife of a married priest dies, then the priest may not remarry.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Diaconate (post of deacon) Since the Second Vatican Council, the Latin Church has again accepted married adult men to be ordained to be Deacons.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

“The deacons were ordained as a sacramental sign for the Church and to the world belonging to Christ, who came 'to serve and not to be served. '


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The whole Church is called by Christ to serve, and the deacon, because of his sacramental ordination and through his various ministries, becomes a minister in the Servant Churches.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

As Sabda ministers, the deacons preached the Gospel, preached, and taught in the name of the Church.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

As ministers of the Sacrament, deacons baptize, lead the faithful in prayer, bear witness to marriage, perform death services and funerals.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

As a minister of love, the deacon is a leader in recognizing the needs of others, then using the resources of the Church to cover those needs.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The deacons are also dedicated to the elimination of injustices and inequalities that give rise to these needs. “[76]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Candidates for the diaconate undergo a program of diaconal formation designed based on the cutting-edge needs of their diocese but must achieve the minimum standards set by the church conferences in their home countries.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

After completing their formation program and obtaining the consent of the local bishop, the candidates receive the sacrament of the priesthood through ordination.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Generally, once ordained, a deacon is placed by his bishop on a local parish where he will exercise his ministry and serve the Church and that local community.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Membership of the Catholic Church According to Canon Law, a person becomes a member of the Catholic Church by being baptized in the Catholic Church or by means of being accepted into the Catholic Church (by making a statement of faith, if the one concerned has been baptized). [77]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

If on their own accord a person wants to break juridical ties with the Catholic Church, then a formal act is required in writing before the local Church Officer or parish priest of the concerned person, who will assess whether the act is classified as apostate, heresy or schism; without this formal act of exit, “heresy (both formal and material), schism and apostasy do not in itself constitute an act of exit officially, if not externally manifested and manifested to ecclesiastical authorities in ways that necessitated. “[78]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Those who do not commit these acts are considered still bound to the Catholic Church and “continue to be bound by mere ecclesiastical laws.”


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

A person who drops out of membership of the Catholic Church may be readmitted at a later date, after the one concerned has made a statement of faith.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The role of the Catholic Church in the civilization of Church Doctrine and science The historians of science, including non-Catholics such as J. L. Heilbron, [79] Alistair Cameron Crombie, David C. Lindberg, [80] Edward Grant, Thomas Goldstein, [81] and Ted Davis, argue that the Church Catholicism had an important positive influence on the development of civilization.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

They are convinced that it is not only the nuns who saved and cultivated the remnants of ancient civilizations during the invasions of the barbarians, but also that it is the Catholic Church that encourages learning and science through its support of many universities that, in under his leadership, grew fast in Europe in the 11th and 12th centuries.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

St.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Thomas Aquinas, the “model theologian” of the Catholic Church, not only argues that sense is compatible with faith, he even acknowledges that reason can contribute to Illahi's understanding of revelation, and thus encourage intellectual development. [82]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The scientists of the Catholic Church, most of whom were Jesuits, and who were pioneers in the sciences of astronomy, genetics, geomagnetism, meteorology, seismology, and solar physics, became the “fathers” of those sciences.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

It is necessary to mention here, the names of Catholic spiritualists such as Abbas of the Order of St. Augustine Gregor Mendel (pioneer in the study of genetics) and Belgian priest Georges Lemaître (the first person to put forward the Big Bang theory).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

This reality is the opposite of the view maintained by some philosophers of the enlightenment century, that the doctrines of the Catholic Church are superstitious and hinder the progress of civilization.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

One famous example proposed by such critics is Galileo Galilei, who in 1633, was condemned for sticking to the teachings of the heliocentric universe (the universe centered on the sun), a theory first established by Nicolaus Copernicus, a priest Catholics.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

After years of investigation, consultation with the Pope, promises then violated by Galileo himself, and finally a trial by the Roman Inquisition Tribunal and the Universal, Galileo was found “accused of being a heresy” - not a heresy, as it is often mistakenly called- call.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Although modern science proves that two of the four scientific theses put forward by Galileo were actually erroneous, namely that the Sun is the center of the universe, and that the Earth circles the Sun in a perfectly circular orbit, Pope John Paul II publicly expressing remorse for the actions of the Catholics who treated Galileo badly in court on October 31, 1992. [83]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

An abstraction of the actions in the court proceedings against Galileo can be found in the Vatican Secret Archives (Vatican Secret Archives), which reproduces parts of the archive on its website.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Cardinal John Henry Newman, in the 19th century, said that the people who attacked the Catholic Church were only able to point out the case of Galileo, which for many historians does not prove the Church's opposition to science because it was precisely many Catholic spiritualists of the time who were encouraged by the Church to carry forward their research. [84]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Currently, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teaching that human embryonic stem cell research (embryonic stem cell research) is a form of experimentation in humans, and results in the killing of a human being, arguing that this teaching precludes scientific research.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Catholic Church instead argues that advances in the science of medicine can occur without the need for there to be destruction of humans (who are still in the embryonic life stage); for example, by using adult stem cells (adult stem cells) or umbilical cord stem cells (umbilical stem cells) instead of cells embryonic brood.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Churches, art, and literary works Some historical experts rate the Catholic Church meritorious for the sheer and majesty of Western art.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

They refer to the church's resistance to iconoclasm (a movement that opposes the visual depiction of the divine), the persistence of the Church in building buildings that support worship, the quotation of a Bible verse by Augustine of Hippo - from the Book of Wisdom 11:20 (God “told everything is measured, calculated, and weighed”) leading to the geometric constructions of Gothic architecture, the coherent scientific systems of the Scholastics called Summa Theologiae that influenced the scientifically consistent writings of Dante Alighieri, the creation and sacramental theology of the Church that has developed a Catholic imagination that influenced writers such as J. R. R. Tolkien [85], C.S. Lewis, and William Shakespeare, [86] and finally, the patronage that popes gave during the Renaissance for the masterworks of the great works of the Catholic artists such as Michelangelo, Raphael, Bernini, Borromini, and Leonardo da Vinci.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The church and economic development Francisco de Vitoria, a disciple of Thomas Aquinas and a Catholic thinker who studied the human rights of the indigenous colonies, recognized the United Nations as a Father of international law, and is now also recognized by experts in economic history and democracy as a leading light for Western democracy and economic acceleration. [87]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Joseph Schumpeter, an expert on economics from the 20th century, pointed to scholastics, when writing that, “they are the most worthy more than any group also to be called the scientific 'founders' of the science of economics. “[88]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Other economic and historical experts, such as Raymond de Roover, Marjorie Grice-Hutchinson, and Alejandro Chafuen, have also issued similar statements.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Historian Paul Legutko of Stanford University says that the Catholic Church “was at the center of the development of the values, the ideas, the sciences, the laws, and the institutions that make up what we call Western civilization. “[89]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Social justice, nursing, and hospital systems According to hospital history expert, Guenter Risse, the Catholic Church has contributed to society through its social doctrines (Church social teachings) that have led leaders to promote social justice and by forming hospital system in medieval Europe, namely a system that differed from the hospitality of the Greek community and the obligations of the family based on the Roman community.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The hospitals were established to provide services for certain groups of people set aside due to poverty, disease, and advanced age. “[90]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

James Joseph Walsh wrote of the Catholic Church's contribution to the hospital system, as follows: During the 13th century a large number of [these] hospitals were established.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Italian cities are the leaders of the movement.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Milan had no fewer than a dozen hospitals and Florence before the end of the 14th century had about 30 hospitals.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Some of them are very beautiful buildings.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

In Milan part of the public hospital building was designed by Donato Bramante and part of it was again designed by Michelangelo.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The hospital of innocents in Florence to house abandoned children is an architectural gem.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The hospital in Sienna, founded in tribute to Santa Katarina of Siena, has since been famous.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Across Europe this hospital movement is spreading everywhere.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Virchow, the great pathologist of Germany, in an article about hospitals, suggests that every German city of 5000 people has a hospital.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

He traces this hospital movement all the way to Pope Innosentius III, and although not a papal supporter, Virchow unhesitatingly gives the pope the highest credit for everything he has done for the good of suffering children and mankind. [91]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The beauty and efficiency of Italian hospitals even inspired some who precisely criticized the Catholic Church.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The German historian Ludwig von Pastor quotes back the words of Martin Luther who, on a trip to Rome in the winter of 1510-1511, had the opportunity to visit some of these hospitals: In Italy, according to him, the hospitals were magnificently established, and really admirable that the hospital was equipped with excellent food and drink, careful attention and learned healers.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The sleeping places and bed supplies were clean, and the walls were covered with paintings.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

When a patient is brought in, his clothes are released in the presence of a notary who carefully inventories them, then they are safely stored.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

A white smock (patient's robe) was put on him and he was laid on a cozy cot, covered with clean linen.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

There were two doctors who went to him, and the servants brought him food and drinks in clean glasses, which showed him all the attention that could be given. [92]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The Catholic Church as an opus proprium, called Benedict XVI in Deus Caritas Est, has been carrying out for centuries since its inception and continues to carry out various services of love — among others, hospitals, schools, and poverty eradication programs.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Criticism of the Roman Catholic Church Sexual abuse scandal In 2002, the United States was fueled by a major scandal when a series of demands, accompanied by supporting evidence, were addressed to priests who sexually abused children throughout several decades.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

What further aggravated the situation was the fact that the Church knew some of the priests perpetrating the abuse, and initially treated them by denying knowing the crimes they committed and transferring them from one church to another rather than oppressing them.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The scandal that caused the resignation of Cardinal Bernard Law from the Archdiocese of Boston, was a devastating blow to the Church's image in the public eye — In one survey after sticking out the scandal 64% of respondents agreed that most Catholic priests “often do abuse of children” (data indicate that only 1.5-1.8% of Catholic priests have actually been prosecuted for abusing children. [93]).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Catholic News Service reports: About 4 percent of U.S. priests employed from 1950 to 2002 are accused of sexual abuse of minors, according to a comprehensive national study concerning the issue.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The study said that 4,392 spirituals—almost all of them priests—were accused of abuse against 10,667 people.75 percent of these incidents occurred between 1960 and 1984.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

According to the study, in the same period there were 109,694 priests.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

According to studies conducted by John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York, the costs in connection with sexual harassment amounted to a total of $573 million. $219 million of that amount was countered by insurance companies.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The study compiled a list of key characteristics of reported incidents of sexual harassment.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Included: — Most of the victims, namely 81 percent, were male.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

The weakest victims were boys aged 11 to 14, representing more than 40 percent of the number of victims.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

This reality is against the trend in U.S. society in general where the main problem is adult men abusing girls. [94]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Similar cases have emerged in other states.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

In Ireland, a number of cases of sexual abuse sticking out in children committed by Catholic priests and monks, such as that experienced by Andrew Madden, have greatly weakened the influence of the Church in recent years.


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Since 2001, authority over the resolution of sexual abuse matters committed by the clergy is no longer within the competence of the local bishop, but is taken over by the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith in Rome, according to the contents of the Apostolic Letter of Pope John Paul II as well as (both documents in Latin).


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

Under the Church's Canonical Law of 1983 clerics who sexually abuse a minor may be subject to the penalty of dispossession of clerical status (“laisisation”). [95]


Question: what is the number of churches in Rome?

Roman Catholic Church

See also Catholic Church Eastern Rite Footnotes List of Unknown library parameters |month= ignored (help) Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help) 4 Volumes.


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Roman Catholic Church

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Roman Catholic Church

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Roman Catholic Church

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. by Albert J. Fritsch, SJ, PhD Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


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The free CD contains a summary of the Catholic Church's teachings regarding Mass, Mary, etc.


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Roman Catholic Church

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-A comprehensive database of all Catholic Churches and Masses worldwide Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


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- U. S. directory of the Catholic Church.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The Ming dynasty (Hanzi: 明, hanyu pinyin: ming chao) (1368 - 1644) was a dynasty of one of two dynasties founded by peasant revolts throughout Chinese history.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

This dynasty was the last ruling dynasty of the Han peoples after the Song Dynasty.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang successfully drove the Mongols back to the north and destroyed the Yuan Dynasty they had founded.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

He founded the Ming dynasty (大明; Dà Míng Guó), with its capital at Yingtian (present-day Nanjing) before his son, Zhu Di, who became the 3rd emperor moved the capital to Shuntian (present-day Beijing).


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Yingtian was later renamed Nanjing (the southern capital).


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The beginning of the Ming Dynasty was marked by times of tranquility and prosperity under the Hongwu Emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The Hongwu Emperor made reforms to the system of government and bureaucracy by forming new bureaucratic organs that offset each other to prevent the emergence of government institutions with too great authority.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

He also undertook economic development, stopping all military expeditions to give the people time and tranquility to perform their responsibilities in their respective fields.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

This policy was successfully marked by an increase in the number of population up to 10,650,000 heads of families or 65,000,000 inhabitants in 1393.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, rebellions were rife throughout the country and at its height, Beijing fell into the hands of rebels led by Li Zicheng.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

This defeat caused Chongzhen to hang himself on the hill behind the Forbidden City.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Li's dispute with Wu Sangui capturing his family in Beijing caused Wu to decide to surrender to the Manchu tribe who later conquered Li Zicheng and took control of Beijing in 1644.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

After Beijing was overrun by the Manchu tribe, they then founded the Qing Dynasty which marked the collapse of the Ming Dynasty.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The remnants of forces loyal to the Ming Dynasty then displaced to southern China and forwarded the resistance separately.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

In history, this force was known as the Southern Ming.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The Southern Ming was then successfully destroyed by the Kangxi Emperor in 1683.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Historical chronology Early standing The end of the Yuan Dynasty Yuan Dynasty was a dynasty founded by the Mongols who were considered a foreign nation by the Han tribes.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The imperial discrimination against the majority Han tribe was imperceptible with caste division based on ethnicity.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The Han tribes were allocated in the two lowest castes of the epoch.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The end of the Yuan Dynasty was also characterized by corrupt rule, high taxes and inflation.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

This was compounded by the arbitrary behavior of the Mongol nobility.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The empire then replaced the currency that had been in circulation since the time of Kublai Khan with a new currency.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

This new currency was then printed in large quantities causing hyperinflation.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The economy collapsed and famine disasters were ravaging everywhere.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

In 1351, the Yellow River overflowed causing a major flood.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

This disaster aggravated economic conditions that had been deeply chaotic.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The Empire then ordered the entire hundreds of thousands of peasants and soldiers to repair the Yellow River dam.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

This forced labor caused the people's discontent to reach its peak and many commoners died.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Hyperinflation peasant revolt and discontent over forced labor tackling the catastrophic flooding of the Yellow River led to the outbreak of a mass peasant revolt.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The rebellion is known for the Red Serban Rebellion that erupted in May 1351.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The following year, Guo Zixing led a rebellion and succeeded in taking control of the Haozhou region (present-day Fengyang County, Anhui).


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

At this time, Zhu Yuanzhang participated and was meritorious in several battles.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Zhu's services then attracted the attention of Guo who eventually married his adopted daughter to Zhu.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Thereafter, Zhu then left Haozhou and self-reinforced.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

In 1356, under his own power, he successfully conquered Jiqing (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu) and renamed it Yingtian.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

It was Yingtian that later became the new capital after the Ming Dynasty was established.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The founding of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang then decided to be based in Yingtian to concentrate power for the sake of unifying mainland China.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

At the beginning, Zhu's situation in the Yingtian region was very not a strategy for gathering strength in a short time.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Then he received Zhu Sheng's advice to strengthen the defense and focus on logistical improvements and not be too rash to elevate himself to be king.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

This policy caused Zhu to be able to strengthen himself in a short period of time.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

He then attacked another rebel force, Chen Youliang in 1360.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

He then successfully repulsed Chen's forces to Jiangzhou, a coastal region east of Yingtian.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Within three years, Zhu succeeded in destroying Chen's power.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

In 1367, Zhu succeeded in conquering Zhang Shicheng, another rebel and took control of Pingjiang (present-day Suzhou, Jiangsu).


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Within the same year, Zhu also destroyed the forces of Fang Guozhen who at the time controlled the coastal region of Zhejiang.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Following these successes, Zhu Yuanzhang elevated himself as emperor in 1368, beginning the history of the Ming Dynasty for the next 300 years.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

He set Hongwu as the year of reign so he was known also as the Hongwu Emperor.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

In that year, too, the Hongwu Emperor made an expedition north to unite China.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The then-weakened Yuan Empire could not impede the then-high-moral Ming army for victory after victory.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The Yuan capital, Dadu was successfully overrun and grounded by order of the Hongwu Emperor.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The Mongols were then successfully driven back to the Mongol steppe.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

After successfully destroying the Yuan Dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor conquered the Ming rebel Yuzhen in Sichuan in 1371.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Ten years later, the breakdown of the power of King Liang of the Yuan Dynasty in Yunnan cemented the unification of mainland China under the Ming Dynasty.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The early heyday (1368—1436) of Hongwu reign After successfully establishing the Ming Dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor carried out policies to appease the people.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Among these were by restoring the wheel motion of the economy, undertaking bureaucratic reforms of the Yuan Dynasty, relieving the taxes and burdens of peasants and severely punishing the corrupt officials.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

This period is known as the Hongwu reign in history.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The Hongwu Emperor was also an emperor full of suspicion of his ministers.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

He feared imperial officials abusing their authority and power for self-interest which could ultimately threaten and jeopardize his power.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Because of this, he was famous as the emperor who often imposed punishment on his ministers.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

At famous ministers who were assassinated among others were Liau Yongzhong, Zhu Liangxiang, Li Wenzhong, Hu Weiyong, Lan Yu and Chen Ning.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

In the end, almost all of the meritorious imperial officials in the founding of the Ming Dynasty except Tang He were put to death by the Hongwu Emperor.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

After this, the Hongwu Emperor also established an intelligence agency that further strengthened absolute power in his hands.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Jingnan Incident The Jingnan Incident was a bloody coup event due to the seizure of the imperial throne between the Jianwen Emperor and the King of Yan, Zhu Di who subsequently became the Yongle Emperor.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The Jianwen Emperor, Zhu Yunwen was the eldest grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Zhu Yunwen himself was a son of Zhu Biao, Zhu's eldest son who died young before briefly ascending the throne.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

In 1398, the Hongwu Emperor died and was succeeded by the Jianwen Emperor.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Emperor Jianwen at the advice of his ministers, Qi Tai undertook a purge of his political opponents who each had their own power throughout the country.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The political opponents in question are the kings who are actually still their own uncles, sons of the late Hongwu Emperor.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Five kings were successfully dethroned from the throne and served sentences as commoners.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The king of Yan, Zhu Di was the fourth son of the Hongwu Emperor, possessing the most power then staged a coup when he heard that his power would be the target of subsequent purges by the Jianwen Emperor.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Zhu Di eventually made an assault on the capital Nanjing in 1399 on the advice of his advisor Yao Guangxiao.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Civil war broke out between Emperor Jianwen and Zhu Di, but was eventually successfully won by Zhu Di in 1402.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Emperor Jianwen is lost and it is unknown to his fate after this bloody incident.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Zhu Di then ascended the throne with the title of Chengzu, setting the era of rule as the Yongle thus known also as the Yongle Emperor.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Yongle heyday era During the reign of the Yongle Emperor, the Ming experienced its early heyday.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Military expeditions were undertaken by the Yongle Emperor to maintain this glory.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Annam (now Vietnam) was successfully conquered and later became a Ming protectorate.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The Yongle Emperor also led an expedition north to repulse the Mongols into Central Asia in order to prevent any threat from them.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The year 1405, the Yongle Emperor also ordered Zheng He to lead a maritime expedition to the southern seas.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Seven times the expedition sailed the seas all the way to Madagascar.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

In 1406, the imperial palace was built in Beiping (present-day Beijing) and used Beiping as a base for conducting expeditions to Mongolia.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Until 1422, the construction and development of Beiping was rapid and the Yongle Emperor then countered to move the capital from Nanjing to Beiping.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Beiping was later renamed Beijing.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Yongle's reign was marked by peace and rapid progress throughout the country.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

In historical records, this period is known as the Yongle heyday era ().


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

However, behind this heyday, the Yongle Emperor was not a loving emperor.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The punishments handed down to political opponents and opposition were not reduced, marked by the event of the abdication of the death sentences of ten relatives to Fang Xiaoru.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

This is the only event in Chinese history that usually kills only up to nine relatives.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The Yongle Emperor died in 1424 and was succeeded by his son, Zhu Gaochi.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Renxuan's reign After the Yongle Emperor died in 1424, his eldest son Zhu Gaochi ascended the throne to succeed him as emperor.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The era of rule was replaced to Hongxi.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Unfortunately, he died the following year at the age of 48.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Although the era of his reign was very short, the Hongxi Emperor made many important decisions including stopping Zheng He's maritime expeditions and military expeditions.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

He also promoted the production of the people for the sake of economic development, pardoned many political captives, relieved prison sentences and carried out austerity on many fronts.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

After the Hongxi Emperor mangkat, his son Zhu Zhanji passed on the imperial throne and the policies that the father left behind.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

He was enthroned as the Xuande Emperor and was renowned for his proficiency in painting.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Some of his paintings became famous paintings in Chinese history.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

In 1431, Emperor Xuande sensed that the shipping of tribute from the Ming protectorate states was shrinking.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Therefore, he ordered Zheng He to prepare for his seventh maritime expedition.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

This expedition became the last expedition for Zheng He as he later died in Guli, a town on the Indian coast.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Emperor Xuande's reign was tinged with eunuch interference in imperial decrees banned from the reign of the Hongwu Emperor.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Emperor Xuande is also nicknamed as the emperor of cicadas because he is very fond of keeping and fighting cicadas.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

This led to ministers and eunuchs in the palace vying to give gifts of crickets to the emperor.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Although there are various shortcomings above, but at this time the Ming people experience a relatively safe and quiet life.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

This era is known as Renxuan's reign (之) taken from the titles of the two reigning emperors, Renzong and Xuanzong.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Medieval era (1436-1573) Mongol Invasion In 1435, Zhu Qizhen ascended the throne with the title of Yingzong and the era of the Zhengtong years.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The Zhengtong Emperor was the only emperor of the Ming dynasty to rule with two eras of rule, Zhengtong and Tianshun after the restoration of the imperial throne.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

The reign of the Zhengtong Emperor was tinged with abuse of authority by the renowned eunuch, Wang Zhen.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Wang was an imperial teacher who was later castrated to become a eunuch within the palace.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Wang blatantly violated the Hongwu Emperor's rule that eunuchs were not allowed to interfere in state affairs.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Over a period of seven years with a background as the emperor's beloved eunuch, his corrupt horns were increasingly rampant.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Along with this, the power of the Oirat tribes in Central Asia increased.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

In 1449, Esen Khan of Oirat invaded Beijing.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Wang Zhen then forced the Zhengtong Emperor to lead directly 500,000 soldiers out of Beijing to withstand the Mongol attack.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

As these troops were untrained and also low morale caused the front line to be defeated by Mongol forces.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Hearing of this defeat, Wang Zhen was then afraid to continue the battle against the Mongols and ordered the entire army to retreat.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

Fearing that his hometown would be retreated after the Ming forces passed, he took a further road route causing the Oirat forces to successfully pursue the Ming forces until Tumu Castle.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

In this battle at Tumu castle, Emperor Zhengtong was successfully taken captive by Esen Khan, whereas Wang was killed in battle.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

In some unofficial historical records, it is said that Wang was killed by being killed by the general Fan Zhong, an imperial bodyguard who was disgruntled at Wang's horn act.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

However the veracity of these events is not recognized by the official history of the empire.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming Dynasty

These events are known as the Tumu Incident in historical records.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

After news that this incident reached Beijing, ministers worried about their safety if Beijing fell into Oirat's hands proposed to move the capital to Nanjing and give up Beijing.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

However this proposal was rejected by one of the ministers, Yu Qian who then suggested that the younger brother of the Zhengtong Emperor, Zhu Qiyu to pass on the imperial throne for the continuation of the dynasty.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

Zhu then ascended the throne with the title of Daizong and the era of Jingtai reign.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

Esen Khan got to Beijing but did not manage to take control of Beijing due to the relatively strong defense of the city due to Yu Qian's defense strategy.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

Yu Qian then led the Ming forces out of Beijing and repulsed the Oirat forces.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

Esen Khan then retreated with his army by taking the Zhengtong Emperor as a captive.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

Yu Qian did not concern the peace offer from Esen Khan as ransom upon the Zhengtong Emperor, but drew up a stronger defense strategy and further drove out the Oirat forces further north.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

Esen Khan treated the Zhengtong Emperor well and then released him after feeling that there was no point in charming the emperor again in 1450.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

The restoration of Zhengtong Emperor Zhengtong Emperor released by Esen Khan then went home to Beijing.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

Unfortunately, his return was not greeted happily by Emperor Jingtai, the younger brother who was enthroned to succeed him during his captive.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

Although on the advice of ministers, Emperor Jingtai gave him the title of Supreme Emperor, but he did not come out welcoming Emperor Zhengtong at the city gate, instead dropping him as house arrest in the Southern Palace.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

Furthermore, Zhu Jianshen who was formerly the crown prince was revoked his title and succeeded by Emperor Jingtai's son, Zhu Jianji who shortly thereafter died of illness.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

As soon as Zhu Jianji, Emperor Jingtai who had no other sons did not also restore Zhu Jianshen's position as crown prince.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

In 1457, Emperor Jingtai became seriously ill and several ministers planned a coup to restore Yingzong as emperor.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

This coup led to several ministers loyal to Jingtai being sentenced to death, among them Yu Qian.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

Emperor Jingtai then demoted his position to king and died a month later.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

Instead, Yingzong was re-enthroned as emperor with the Tianshun year era.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

Region Administrative division At the beginning of the founding of the Ming Dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor continued the administration of the previous dynasty, but later made reforms to limit the authority of local officials.


Question: When did the Han Dynasty stand up?

Ming dynasty

See also List of Ming Dynasty Emperors Reference Wanli Shiwu Nian《十五年|十五年》，Huang Renyu，明》，ISBN 7-108-00982-X/K·211 Xishuo Mingchao《明》，Li Dongfang 東方， 上海人民明》，Li Dongfang 東方， 上海人民明》，Li Dongfang 東方， 上海人 8-02512-6


Question: when did the Baux Pertampuran happen?

1948 PKI uprising

The 1948 PKI uprising or also called the Madiun Event was a communist uprising that occurred on September 18, 1948 in the city of Madiun.


Question: when did the Baux Pertampuran happen?

1948 PKI uprising

The uprising was put down by members of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and other leftist parties belonging to an organization called “Front Demokrasi Rakyat” (FDR).


Question: when did the Baux Pertampuran happen?

1948 PKI uprising

The background of this revolt began with the fall of the Indonesian cabinet which at that time was led by Amir Sjarifuddin because his cabinet had no more support since the completion of the Renville Agreement.


Question: when did the Baux Pertampuran happen?

1948 PKI uprising

Then a new cabinet was formed with Mohammad Hatta as prime minister, but Amir along with other left-wing groups disagreed with the cabinet change.


Question: when did the Baux Pertampuran happen?

1948 PKI uprising

In the Politbiro session of the PKI on 13—14 August 1948, Musso, a long-lived Indonesian communist figure in the Soviet Union (now Russia) explained about “the work and mistakes of the party in organizational and political basis” and offered an idea he called “New Path for Republic of Indonesia”.


Question: when did the Baux Pertampuran happen?

1948 PKI uprising

Musso wanted one party of the working class to use a historic name, the PKI.


Question: when did the Baux Pertampuran happen?

1948 PKI uprising

For that, there must be a fusion of three parties in Marxsism-Leninism: the illegal PKI, the Indonesian Labour Party (PBI), and the Indonesian Socialist Party (PSI).


Question: when did the Baux Pertampuran happen?

1948 PKI uprising

The PKI results of this fusion would lead the revolution of the proletariat to establish a government called the “National Front Committee”.


Question: when did the Baux Pertampuran happen?

1948 PKI uprising

Next, Musso held a giant meeting in Yogya.


Question: when did the Baux Pertampuran happen?

1948 PKI uprising

Here he catapulted the importance of the presidential cabinet being replaced so the cabinet of the unity front.


Question: when did the Baux Pertampuran happen?

1948 PKI uprising

Musso also called for international cooperation, especially with the Soviet Union, to break the Dutch blockade.


Question: when did the Baux Pertampuran happen?

1948 PKI uprising

To spread his ideas, Musso along with Amir and other leftist groups planned to control areas considered strategic in Central Java and East Java, namely Solo, Madiun, Kediri, Jombang, Bojonegoro, Cepu, Purwodadi, and Wonosobo.


Question: when did the Baux Pertampuran happen?

1948 PKI uprising

The mastery was done by agitation, demonstration, and other actions. [1]


Question: when did the Baux Pertampuran happen?

1948 PKI uprising

The plan began with the kidnapping and killing of figures considered enemies in the city of Surakarta, as well as pitting the unity of the local military, including the unity of Siliwangi there.