Question: What year was Austria established as a first-time country?

History of Austria

One of the LBK settlements that has been discovered in Austria is the Wolfholz site in Brunn am Gebirge, which is known to have about 75 longhouses with a standard size of 20x7 m, while the settlements themselves are 850 m long from north to south and 500 m from west to east. [24]


Question: What year was Austria established as a first-time country?

History of Austria

Another LBK settlement is the Asparn/Schletz site in Downstream Austria surrounded by trenches. [25]


Question: What year was Austria established as a first-time country?

History of Austria

From the results of investigations conducted from 1983 to 2005, the skeletons of 67 individuals were found in the outer trenches with no signs of burial and often located near the driveway to settlements. [25]


Question: What year was Austria established as a first-time country?

History of Austria

In the skeletons there are also traces of violence and signs indicating that the skeleton was not buried and had been gnawed by animals. [25]


Question: What year was Austria established as a first-time country?

History of Austria

Therefore, it is likely that these skeletons are the skeletons of the residents of the Asparn/Schletz settlements who have been victims of an armed conflict, and perhaps the conflict also resulted in the destruction of these settlements. [26]


Question: What year was Austria established as a first-time country?

History of Austria

There is also an interesting discovery: very few young female skeletons have been found on this site. [27]


Question: What year was Austria established as a first-time country?

History of Austria

At the same time, sex ratios among the skeletons of older individuals are relatively balanced (10 males to 9 females), so the scarcity of young female skeletons may imply that they were abducted by enemies. [28]


Question: What year was Austria established as a first-time country?

History of Austria

See also History of Vienna Footnotes List of libraries


Question: Who is playing Peter Petrelli?

Milo Ventimiglia

Milo Anthony Ventimiglia (born July 8, 1977) is an American actor and director.


Question: Who is playing Peter Petrelli?

Milo Ventimiglia

He was born in Anaheim, California and has played in The Bedford Diaries and The Rocky Balboa.


Question: Who is playing Peter Petrelli?

Milo Ventimiglia

Milo also became known when he played Peter Petrelli in the series Heroes.


Question: Who is playing Peter Petrelli?

Milo Ventimiglia

She has had a career in acting since 1995.


Question: Who is playing Peter Petrelli?

Milo Ventimiglia

Beginnings of Life #REDIRECT Ventimiglia was born on July 8, 1977 [1] in Anaheim, California, the youngest child of the couple Carol (maiden name Wilson) and Peter Ventimiglia, [2] a Vietnam War veteran [3].


Question: Who is playing Peter Petrelli?

Milo Ventimiglia

He has two sisters, Leslie and Laurel. [1] [4] His father is of Italian-Sicilian descent and his mother is of English-Scottish descent. [5]


Question: Who is playing Peter Petrelli?

Milo Ventimiglia

Ventimiglia was born with less symmetrical lips, as a result of a nervous disorder in the left part of his body, a similar thing also experienced by actor Sylvester Stallone, his co-star in the Rocky Balboa movie. [2]


Question: Who is playing Peter Petrelli?

Milo Ventimiglia

Ventimiglia graduated in 1995 from El Modena High School in Orange, California, where he was active as a wrestler, involved in several school plays, and also sat in student organizations.


Question: Who is playing Peter Petrelli?

Milo Ventimiglia

When she was 18 years old, Ventimiglia had a summer program at the American Conservatory Theater. [6]


Question: Who is playing Peter Petrelli?

Milo Ventimiglia

She majored in theater at the University of California, Los Angeles. [7]


Question: Who is playing Peter Petrelli?

Milo Ventimiglia

Filmography Reference Outlinks Ventimiglia Ventimiglia Category:Italian-American Category:English-American Category:Scottish-American


Question: is the world's first alternative media?

Independent Media Center

Indymedia (Independent Media Center or abbreviated IMC) began as a global vision, an open network rather than independent journalists with DIY views, and Indymedia is also an alternative media for activists.


Question: is the world's first alternative media?

Independent Media Center

The first IMC was founded by various independent media organizations and activists providing grassroots needs in a protest action against the WTO in Seattle, November 1999.


Question: is the world's first alternative media?

Independent Media Center

As an alternative and independent media, Indymedia seeks to convey something different from existing mainstream media, Indymedia focuses more on preaching news around activism, and the movement for social change.


Question: is the world's first alternative media?

Independent Media Center

However, this does not rule out the possibility for the source to send other news.


Question: is the world's first alternative media?

Independent Media Center

The most striking thing his difference with the mainstream media is the enactment of the Open Publication method as his method of telling.


Question: is the world's first alternative media?

Independent Media Center

Open Publication In its news, Indymedia uses the Open Publication method (Open Publishing), which means anyone can easily deliver the news, without the need for approval from the collective editorial team, as long as the news submitted does not pass the provisions already set by the Indymedia collective.


Question: is the world's first alternative media?

Independent Media Center

This means that the news is not from the internal collective, but actually the news that comes from the general public, in this case it is expected that the source can contribute its news directly to Indymedia.


Question: is the world's first alternative media?

Independent Media Center

Indymedia therefore strives to provide true and impartial preaching.


Question: is the world's first alternative media?

Independent Media Center

It is also applied by all Indymedia collectives residing within its network.


Question: is the world's first alternative media?

Independent Media Center

See also List of Indymedia Collectives worldwide Indymedia Jakarta Outlink Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: is the world's first alternative media?

Independent Media Center

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: is the world's first alternative media?

Independent Media Center

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: is the world's first alternative media?

Independent Media Center

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: is the world's first alternative media?

Independent Media Center


Question: is the world's first alternative media?

Independent Media Center

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: is the world's first alternative media?

Independent Media Center


Question: is the world's first alternative media?

Independent Media Center

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. (in English) (in English), Sinar Harapan * Category:Anti-Globalization Category:News Web site Category:Political websites


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Main Page Angling Dharma is a colossal drama series produced by Genta Buana Pitaloka/Genta Buana Paramita.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

The main players in this soap opera are Anto Wijaya, Candy Satrio, Rahma Azhari, Roy Jordy, Choky Andriano, Yuni Sulistyawati and many more.This soap opera has also won the award as the favorite action series drama at Panasonic Awards 2002 & commendable action soap opera at Bandung Film Festival year 2004. [1] [2] Cast of Season 1 (2000-2003) Season 2 (2003-2005) FTV Version Episode List After successful airing on Indosiar television stations, Gentabuana Pitaloka changed the format of the series to FTV (television movie) and released in VCD/DVD form, among others: Dasiat Naga Bergola Batik Madrim Mbalelo Hell Island Revenge Woman Srigala Halimun Plot Concubine Cheating Titisan Bathara Surya Mystery Swordsman Masked Bromocorah Ajian Rengkah Mountain Legal Pancung Waitress Beef Swamp Flower Bangke Blood Virgin Curse Stealth Srigala Duel Treasure in Coral Ghost Jago above Jago Swamp Science Rontek Prince Flower Picker Ajian Pancasona Adventure Love Angling Dharma Antidote to Witchcraft Kidnapping Crown Prince Fire Revenge Durgandini Prince Cold Blooded Throne Bloody Science Teluh Science of Hindustan Sukma Imprisoned Magic King Jala Sakti Rebellion Sawopitu Revenge Past Jail Langit Singa Maruta Traitor version of Angling Dharma has returned to live on RTV for the second time with the title Angling Dharma with the format as in Indosiar, only RTV added additional subtitles representing each episode, among others: Season 1 Tabib Suliwa Vows Woman Wolf Mussee Nila Saroya Kemelut in Wasang Island Vengeance Nila Saroya Horde Guragada Kemelut in Halimun Plot Goddess Dhanesywara Heartache Goddess Shintawati Masked Swordsman Guild Pay Bromocorah Fight in Alas Purwa Adventure Love Priyamitra Ajian Rengkah Mount Wangsit Prince Suryapati Punishment Dhanesywara Flower Swamp Bangke Sedition Werewolf Runaway Syudawirat Magic Werewolf Hunt Treasure Hunt Waiting Well Jalatunda Hunting Man Srigala Fall Galuh Parwati Adventure Retaliation Syudawirat Book of Heirloom Negri Over Clouds Battle in Malwapati Masked Swordsman Bandagina Ajian Rawarontek Retaliation Goddess Shintawati Ballad Love Kalyana Tantri Kidung Love Patih Batik Madrim Messenger Malwapati Ajian Malih Rupa Abduction Crown Prince Falling Patih Kala Murka Rebellion Prince Magora Prince Magora Return of Prince Halemu Kesaktian Kashmala Kesaktian Land Sightseeing Science Thief Mind Prison Sukma Angling Dharma Kesaktian Guru Bahadur Due to Science Sakti Bahadur Rebellion Bahadur & Kashmala Escape Prabu Jayadipa Allied Mahesa Single Time Then Syudawirat Lamb Fighting Bahadur Jail Sky Rajasaputra Season 2 Eagle Sakti Ratu Gendrawani Prabu Baka and White Crocodile Queen Magic/Mussee Gendrawani Love Sacred Syudawirat & Man Fish Necklace Inner Bond Geger in Sawo Pitu Prahara in Malwapati/Battle in Malwapati Lion Maruta Mbalelo Revelation Crown Rama Keris Pulanggeni Battle in Sawo Pitu Revenge Nagagini/Heartache Nagageni Tragedy in Malwapati Monkey Man from Kiskenda Cave Jagat Satria Queen of Darkness Battle in Mega Pura Love Ballad Sengkang Baplang Trickery Angling Dharma Geger in Malwapati Fight in the Sky Without Stars Angling Kusuma and Ajian Translucent Earth Mustika Necklace Antaboga Ajian Malih Rupo The rise of Sengkang Baplang Prahara in Mount Kelud/Fight at Mount Kelud Adventure Stealth Srigala Mirror Unseen Mirror Mind Recorder Eye God Daru Revenge Sengkang Baplang Prahara Love Ki Hanubawa Makar in Sawo Pitu Fight in Watu Gilang Cave Hunting Dragon Wisanala Struggle for the Throne of Malwapati Due to Vishanala Dragon Blood Taint Due to Magic Bahadur Ramajagandi Mbalelo Seizing Cannon Suction Rescue Universe Satria Eliminates the Influence of Blood Wisanala Cave Wisa Sraya Fight in Puser Wind Return Universe Satria Padegrouping White Pedut Fight in Grawah Ravine Due to Prophecy Nyi Rampak Ambition Concubine Malwapati Match for Crown Prince Adventure Angling Kusuma Sacrifice Begawan Nail Pati Black Magic for Princess Jasmine Revenge Goddess Sukesi Karma for Goddess Sukesi Adventure Danurwenda Kemelut in Malwapati Abduction Goddess Sukesi Fight in Padepokan Nyi Rampak Tumenggung Prabaskara Mbalelo Due to Dewadaru Fall in Malwapati Due to Evil Bubble Rahwana King Meeting Angling Kusuma and Danurwenda Geger on Mount Kencana Prahara in Parang Gubarjo/Magic Potion Suliwa Trickery Lion Maruta Grabbing Treasure Fall Nyi Rampak Heirloom Konta Wijaya Reduction Ki Hanubawa Wijaya Kusuma Love Ballad Nyi Widasari Trick Black Class Abduction Angling Kusuma Seizure Singo Barong Rise Singo Barong Magic Power Stealth Rojo Molo Troop Man Dust Bursts Hot Dust Man Dust Sawo Pitu Pendulum Necklace Joko Landung Treasure Seizing Simo Lodra Swordsman Kuwala and Kuwali Scramble Keris Ilat Nogo Angling Kusuma in Action in Banyu Urip/ Magic Trickery Grenda Seba Magic Demon Dragon Wisanggeni Heir to the Throne of Sawo Pitu The destruction of the power of the Black Class of Blind Love The Duke of the Ancestral Land of the Lost Son King Thousand Snakes Queen Sculptor Rahwana Squad Satrio Pinilih Dragon Blood Vishanjaya Unrequited Love 1 Unrequited Love 2 Synopsis First Episode One Day When Hunting, Angling Dharma caught the wife of his teacher named Nagagini was having an affair with a slapper.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Angling Dharma also killed the male snake while Nagagini went home injured.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Nagagini then compiled a false report to her husband, Naga Bergola in order to take revenge on Angling Dharma.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Naga Bergolapun infiltrates the Malawapati palace and witnesses Angling Dharma is talking about Nagagini's affair to Setyawati.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Nagaraja was aware that his wife was wrong.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

He also appeared and apologized to Angling Dharma.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Naga Bergola claimed he wanted to achieve moksa.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

He then bequeathed his knowledge in the form of Aji Gineng to Angling Dharma.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Such science must be kept well and full of secrets.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

After bequeathing the knowledge, the Dragon Bergolapun died.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Since inheriting new knowledge, Angling Dharma has become an understanding of animal language.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Once he laughed watching the conversation of a pair of trickles.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

It made Setyawati offended.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Angling Dharma refused to be frank because he promised to keep Aji Gineng secret, making Setyawati grow angry.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Setyawati also chose Pati Obong, which committed suicide in a fire to restore her self-esteem.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Angling Dharma promised it was better to accompany Setyawati to die, than to have to divulge the secrets of his knowledge.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

When the self-burning ceremony was held on the 14th of the full moon, Angling Dharma had heard the conversation of a pair of goats.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

From that conversation Angling Dharma realized that the decision to accompany Setyawati to die is an emotional decision that actually harms the people a lot.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

So, when Setyawati plunged into the blaze, Angling Dharma did not accompany him.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

The act of Angling Dharma who reneged on the promise of living as dead as Setyawati made himself have to serve a sentence of waste to a certain time limit as a penance.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Malawapati Kingdom also assigned to Batik Madrim.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

On his way, Angling Dharma meets three princesses named Kenanga, Cempaka, and Kantil.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

The three fall in love with Angling Dharma and hold her from leaving.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Angling Dharma according to at once suspicious because the three princesses like to go at night secretly. Angling Dharma masquerades as a crow to investigate the secret activities of the three princesses.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

It turns out that every night the three feast on eating human flesh.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Angling Dharma was at odds with them about it.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Eventually the three princesses curse him into a white grouse.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Last Episode Dewi Sekarwangi empress Prabu Angling Dharma kidnapped.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Who kidnapped him and why he was kidnapped no one knows.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Only his own captors knew.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

This abduction was particularly shocking, because it took place at a hunting ground, early in the morning and the place was heavily guarded.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

And Dewi nowwangi who was in the tent accompanied by Goddess Kusuma Gandawati, Wife Patih Batik Madrim.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

His camp was guarded by eight soldiers who were always on standby.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Prabu Angling Dharma hunting not too far from the camp with Batik Madrim, Danur Wenda, and Ramaja Gandhi could not understand why they were so bad.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

But surely the knowledge is quite high.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Can sirep and install have long been eyeing Goddess now.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Have studied the situation or habits of the Goddess.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

It seems that following the participation of Goddess Sekarwangi join the hunt this is the exact moment used by the kidnapper to kidnap the Goddess.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

After going through the twists of quite a long search, then it is finally revealed that Maling Aguno or his captor is Kalis Rowo.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

A Son Senopati Agul Palace Bojanegara who has since once put his heart on Goddess Sekarwangi before Sekarwangi became the wife of Prabu Angling Dharma.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Apparently this pent up and unrequited love is what causes Senopati Kalis Rowo who still does not want to mate otherwise with Goddess Sekarwangi this force himself, ventured kidnap.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

But Goddess Sekarwangi who has never been interested in much less love for Kalis Rowo, still rejects the love of Kalis Rowo.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Because Kalis Rowo was willing to impose his will, Dewi Sekar Wangi committed suicide.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

He crashed the Senopati Kalis Rowo keris used to threaten him.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Kalis Rowo who loves Goddess Sekarwangi very Shocked and struck.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

It was at that second that Suliwa appeared tasked by Prabu Angling Dharma to take back Goddess Sekarwangi from the hands of her captors.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

In an exciting fight Kalis Rowo lost and overrided.Goddess Sekarwangi whose severe wounds were healed by Suliwa by drinking water from Grandaka.Goddess sekarwangi was then brought back to Malwapati by Suliwa and Nyi Jantur.


Question: How long is the process of making the drama series Heroes?

Angling Dharma (soap opera 2000)

Reference Awards Outside links on IMDb Category:Indosiar soap operas Category:Colossal soap operas Genta Buana Paramita Category:Sinetron Genta Buana Paramita


Question: Who is the youngest Emperor to have held office in Japan?

List of Emperor of Japan

The following lists the emperors of Japan, the only modern nation whose head of state is an emperor.


Question: Who is the youngest Emperor to have held office in Japan?

List of Emperor of Japan

List of Emperor of Japan #BerkuasaNama TahAnama Birthnote Legendaris1660 BC to 585 BCE Emperor Jimmukamuyamato iwarebikoPossible Legend; claimed to be a descendant of the sun goddess, Amaterasu2581 BC to 549 SMEmperor Suizeikamu Nunagawamimi no mycoPossibility of Legend3549 BC to 511 SMEmperor Anneishikitsuhiko Tamademi no mycoPossibility of Legend4510 BC to 476 SMEmperor ItoKuoho Yamatohiko Sukitomo no MikotoPossible Legend5475 BC to 393 BC Emperor Kōshōmimatsuhiko Kaesine no micotoPossible Legend6392 BC to 291 SmEmperor Kōanoho Yamato Tarasihiko Kuniosi no MikotoPossible Legenda7290 BC to 215 BC Emperor Kōreioho Yamato Nekohiko Futoni no MikotoPossible Legenda8214 BC to 158 SMEmperor Kōgenoho Yamato Nekohiko Kuni Kuru no MikotoPossible Legend9157 BC to 98 SMEmperor KaikaWaka Yamato Nekohiko Oho Bibino no MikotoPossible Legenda1097 BC to 30 SMEmperor SujinMaki Irihiko Inie no MikotoPossible Legend1129 BC to 70Emperor Suinikume Irihiko Isatsi no mycoPossibility of Legend1271 to 130Emperor Keikōoho Tarasihiko Osirowake no mycoPossibility of Legend13131 to 191Emperor Seimuwaka TarsihikoPossible Legend14192 up to 200Emperor ChūaitArasi Nakatsuhiko no MikotoPossible Legend 201 to 269Empress Jingūokinaga Tarashihime no MikotoPossible Legend; InterregnumYamato period (Kofun Period) 15270 to 310Emperor Ōjinfondano Miko no Mikoto/Otomowake no Mikoto/Humudawake no MikotoHistorical emperor first; recounted as Hachiman16313 to 399Emperor NintoKuoho Sazaki no mycoTangangal inaccurate17400 to 405Emperor Richūisaho Wake no mycoTangangal inaccurate18406 to 410Emperor HanzeImisu wa Wake no mycoToAngal inaccurate19411 to 453Emperor Ingyōwo Asazuma Wakugo no Sukuneinaccurate date20453 to 456Emperor Ankōanaho no mycoToInaccurate anglet21456 to 479Emperor Yūryakuoho Hatsuneno no mycoToInaccurate angles22480 to 484Emperor SeineiSiraga Takehiro Kuni Osi Wakai Yamato Neko no mycoTangangInaccurate23485 to 48485 Emperor Kenzōohoke no Inaccurate mycototangal24488 to 498Emperor Ninkenohosi (Ohosu) no Mikoto/Simano Iratsukotanggal inaccurate25498 to 506Emperor Buretsuwohatsuse WakasazakitInaccurate26507 to 531Emperor Keitaiōto/Hikōfuto (Hikofuto no Mikoto/no Suōdo Mera Mikoto) Inaccurate date27531 to 536Emperor AnkanhiroKuni Oshitake Kanahi no mycoToInaccurate anglic28536 to 549Emperor Senkatakeo Hirokuni Oshitate no mycoTangangal inaccurateAsukaPeriod (592-710) 29539 to 571Emperor KimmeiameKuni Oshiharuki Hironiwa no Sumera Mikoto30572 to 58572 Emperor Bidatsuosada no Nunakura no Futotamashiki no Mikoto31585 to 587Emperor Yōmeiooe/Tachibana no Toyohi no Sumera Mikoto32587 to 592Emperor Sushunhatsusebe no (Wakasasagi) Mikoto33593 to 628Suikonukatabe/Toyomike Kashikiyahimethe first non-legend female emperor.


Question: Who is the youngest Emperor to have held office in Japan?

List of Emperor of Japan

Prince Shotoku acted as Bupatinya34629 to 641Emperor JomeItamura (Oki Nagatarashihi Hironuka no Sumera Mikoto) 35642 to 645Female Emperor Kōgyokutakara (Ame Toyotakaraikashi Hitarashi Hime no Sumera Mikoto) Enthroned Twice36645 to 654Emperor Kōtokukaru (Ame Yorozu Toyohi no Sumera Mikoto) 37655 to 661Female Emperor Saimeilihat no. 3538661 to 672Emperor Tenjikatsuragi/Nakano-ooe (Ame Mikoto Hirakasuwake no Mikoto/Amatsu Mikoto Sakiwake no Mikoto) 39672Emperor Kōbunōtomodissed by Temmu40672 to 686Emperor Temōmu/Amōmuu Hoshiama/Ōsama (Ame no Nunahara Ōki no Mahito no Sumera Mikoto) 41686 to 697Female Emperor JitōunonoSarara (Takama no Harahiro no Hime no Sumera Mikoto) 42697 to 707Emperor Mommukaru (Ame no Mamune Toyoohoji no Sumera Mikoto) 43707 to 715Female Emperor Gemmeiahe (Yamatoneko Mishisu Rō Toyokuni Narihime no Sumera Mikoto) Period Nara (710-794) 44715 to 724Genshōhidaka/Niinomi Female Emperor (Yamatoneko Takamizu Kiyotarashi Hime no Sumera Mikoto) 45724 to 749Emperor Shōmuobito (Ameshirushi Kunioshiharuki Toyosakurahiko no Sumera Mikoto) 46749 to 75749 Female Emperor Kōkenabe (Yamatoneko no Sumera Mikoto) Enthroned Two kali47758 to 764Emperor Junninōidisposed of by Shōtoku48764 to 770Female Emperor Shōtokusee no. 4649770 to 781Emperor Kōninshirakabe (Amemune Takatsugi no Mikoto) Heian Period (794-1192) 50781 to 806Emperor Kammuyamabe (Yamatoneko Amatsu Hitsusui yaderi no Mikoto) 51806 to 809Emperor Heizeiate (Yamatoneko Ameoshikuni Takahiko no Mikoto) 52809 to 823Emperor Sagakamino53823 to 833Emperor Junnaōtomo54833 to 850Emperor Nimmyōmasara55850 to 858Emperor Montokumichiyasu56858 to 876Emperor Seiwakorehito57876 to 884Emperor Yōzeisadaakira58884 to 887Emperor Kōkōtokiyasu59887 to 897Emperor Udasadami60897 to 930Emperor Daigoatsuhito61930 to 946Emperor Suzakuyutaakira62946 to 967Emperor Murakaminariakira63967 to 969Emperor Reizeinorihira64969 to 984Emperor en-Yūmorihira59684 to 984Emperor En-yūmorihira684 to 969Emperor En-yūmorihira684 to 969Emperor En-yūmorihira684 to 984Emperor en-Yūmori86Emperor Kazanmorosada66986 to 1011Emperor Ichijōyasuhito/Kanehito671011 to 1016Emperor Sanjōokisada/Iyasada681016 to 1036Emperor Go-Ichijōatsuhira691036 to 1045Emperor Go-Suzakuatsunaga/Atsuyoshi701045 to 1068Emperor Go-Reizeichikahito711068 to 1073Emperor Go-Sanjōsō-Sanjō-SanjōiKahito711068 to 1073Emperor Go-Reizeichikahito711068 to 1073Emperor Go-sanjōTakahito721073 to 1086Emperor ShirakawasadahitoReign estranged 1087 to 1129731087 to 1107Emperor Horikawataruhito741107 to 1123Emperor TobamunehitoEhitoEstrated reign 1129 to 1156751123 to 1142Emperor Sutokuakihito761142 to 1155Emperor Konoenarihito771155 to 1158Emperor Go-Shirakawamasitahoreign foreign 1158 to 1192781158 to 1165Emperor Nijōmorihito791165 to 1168Emperor Rokujōyorihito801168 to 1180Emperor Takakuranorihito811180 to 1185Emperor Antokutokihito821183 to 1198Emperor Go-tobatakahirahiraKamakura period (1192-1333) 83198 up to 1210Emperor Tsuchimikadotamehito841210 to 1221Emperor Juntokumorihira/Morinari851221Emperor Chūkyōkanehira/Kanenari861221 to 1232Emperor Go-horikawayutahito871232 to 1242Emperor Shijōmitsuhito/Hidehito881242 to 1246Emperor Go-Sagakunihito891246 to 1260Emperor Go-Fukakusahisahisahito129060 to 1260Emperor Go-Fukakusahisahito129060 to 1260Emperor Go-Fukakusahisahito129060 to 12601274Emperor Kameyamatsunehito911274 to 1287Emperor Go-Udayohito921287 to 1298Emperor Fushimihirohito931298 to 1301Emperor Go-Fushimitanehito941301 to 1308Emperor Go-Nijōkuniharu951308 to 1318Emperor Hanazonotomihito961318 to 1339Emperor Go-daigotaharudist by gun, 1332; Southern Reign, 1336 to 1339Northern Reigne1331 to 1333Emperor Kōgonkazuhito1336 to 1348Emperor Kōmyōyutahito1348 to 1351Emperor Sukōokihito1351 to 1352Interregnum1352 to 1371Emperor Go-Kōgoniyahito1371 to 1382Emperor Go-En'yūohito1382 to 1392Comemperor Go-En'yūohito1382 to 1392Comemperor Go-En'yūohito1382 to 1392Comemperor Go-En'yūohito1382 to 1392Atsusee no. 100Reunification year 1392Muromachi Period (1392-1573) 971339 to 1368Emperor Go-Murakaminorinaga/NoriyoshishiSouthern government981368 to 1383Emperor ChōkeiyutanariSouthern Reigned991383 to 1392Emperor Go-KameyamahironariSouthern Reigned1001392 to 1412Emperor Go-KomatsumotoHito101121212up to 1428Emperor Shōkōmihito1021428 to 1464Emperor Go-Hanazonohikohito1031464 to 1500Emperor Go-tsuchimikadofusahito1041500 to 1526Emperor Go-Kashiwabarakatsuhito1051526 to 1557Emperor Go-naratomohito1061557 to 1586Emperor Ōgimachimichihito1071586 to 1686Emperor Ōgimachimichihito1071586 to 1686Emperor Ōgimachimichihito1071586 to 1686Emperor Ōgimachimichihito1071586 to 1686Emperor ŌEmperor Go-yōzeikazuhito/Edo Katahitoperiode (1603-1867) 1081611 to 1629Emperor Go-Mizunoo (a.k.a. Emperor Go-Minoo) Kotohito1091629 to 1643Female Emperor Meishōokiko1101643 to 1654Emperor Go-kōmyōtsuguhito1111655 to 1663Emperor Go-Sainagahito1121663 to 1687Emperor ReiSatogensatohito1121663 to 1687Emperor Reigensatohito1121663 to 1687Emperor Reigensatohito1121663 to 1687Emperor ReiSatogensato131687 to 1709Emperor Higashiyamaasahito1141709 up to 1735Emperor Nakamikadoyasuhito1151735 to 1747Emperor Sakuramachiteruhito1161747 to 1762Emperor Momozonotoohito11762 to 1771Female Emperor Go-Sakuramachitoshiko1181771 to 1779Emperor Go-Omozonohidehito1191780 to 1817Emperor Kōtōkakomohito1191780 1201817 to 1846Emperor Ninkōayah ito1211846 to 1867Emperor KōmeiosahitoModern Japan (1868-present) 1221867 to 1912Emperor MeijimutsuhitoThe first emperor in the days of constitutional monarchies1231912 to 1926Emperor Taishōyoshihito1241926 to 1989Emperor ShōwahirohitoThe last emperor to hold political office1251989 Until now, Emperor Akihitoakihito was referred to as 'Emperor Now' or Tenno Heika in Japanese.


Question: Who is the youngest Emperor to have held office in Japan?

List of Emperor of Japan

After death it is likely to be named to Emperor Heisei Miscellaneous


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel (Hebrew: מדינת ישראל, Medinat Yisra'el; Arabic: دولة إسرازيل, Dawlat Isrā'īl) is a country in the Middle East surrounded by the Middle Sea, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Egypt and the Sinai desert.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In addition, two areas of the Palestinian National Authority are surrounded: the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

With a population of 7.5 million, Israel is the only Jewish state in the world. [1]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In addition, there are also several other ethnic minority groups, including ethnic Arabs with Israeli nationality, along with other religious groups such as Muslims, Christians, Druze, Samaritans, and others.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The founding of the modern state of Israel has its roots from the concept of the Land of Israel (Eretz Yisrael), a concept central to Judaism since ancient times, [2] which was also the center of the territory of the ancient Kingdom of Judah.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

After World War I, the League of Nations approved the creation of the British Mandate of Palestine as a “Jewish state”. [3]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 1947, the United Nations approved the division of Palestine into two states, one Jewish state and one Arab state. [4]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

On May 14, 1948, Israel proclaimed its independence and this was soon followed by warfare with surrounding Arab states who rejected this plan of division.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel then won this war and cemented its independence.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

As a result of this war, Israel managed to expand its state boundaries beyond the area limits defined by the Palestine Division Plan.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Since then, Israel has been in constant contention with neighboring Arab countries, causing wars and violence that continue to date. [5]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Since the beginning of the establishment of the State of Israel, the borders of the state of Israel along with Israel's right to stand have been opposed by many parties, especially by the Arab state and Palestinian refugees.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, but peace efforts between Palestinians and Israelis until now have not been successful.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel is a democratic state with a parliamentary system of government and universal suffrage. [6] [7] The Prime Minister of Israel serves as the head of government and the Knesset serves as Israel's legislative body.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In terms of gross domestic product, the country's economy ranks 44th in the world. [8]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel has ratings of Human Development Index [9], press freedom, [10] and economic competitiveness [11] which are the highest compared to surrounding Arab countries.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The capital city According to the claims and laws of the state of Israel, the capital of Israel is Jerusalem.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

This is shown by his attitude that centralizes government even the office of President in this city.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Nevertheless the UN body [12] and most countries in the world do not acknowledge it.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Only the Czech Republic, Taiwan, the United States, and Vanuatu are willing to recognize Jerusalem as the capital.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

While in the eastern part, Palestinians also claim East Jerusalem as the capital.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Tel Aviv is the second largest city and is a financial and technological hub in Israel.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In addition, embassies of other countries exist in the city.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Therefore, in general the capital of Israel that is better known to the world is Tel Aviv.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

But the United States through Donald Trump's statement sought to restore recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and move the embassy of the United States.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

This caused condemnation in various parts of the world.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The emergency session of the United Nations General Assembly, Thursday 21 December 2017 the majority finally opposed the American stance by 128 votes, with 35 votes abstaining, and 9 others in favor of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, among others the United States, Israel, Guatemala, Honduras, Togo, Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, and Marshall Islands.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Donald Trump's threat to revoke grants to countries opposed to the United States' decision was not heeded by many countries.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Even earlier the OIC had held an emergency High-Level Conference to unify attitudes regarding the capital city of Jerusalem, which resulted in the strong decision of Islamic countries at the United Nations in the face of the United States claims. [13] [14] [15] The emergency session of the United Nations was conducted after the United States exercised a veto against a draft UN Security Council resolution asking the country to rescind recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Of 15 countries, only the United States voted against this resolution. [13]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Until now, the UN has remained to the view that Jerusalem's status should be resolved through a two-party agreement, Israel and Palestine.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Etymology For more than three thousand years, the name “Israel” has a general and religious sense as the Land of Israel or the entirety of the Jewish state. [16]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

According to the Bible, Jacob was named after Israel after successfully struggling with an angel of the Lord. [17]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Based on the discovery of archaeological artifacts, the name “Israel” (other than as a personal name) is earliest mentioned in the ancient Egyptian Merneptah inscription (around the end of the 13th century BC).


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

On the inscription the name “Israel” itself refers to a group of people who came from a certain land. [18]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The modern state of Israel is named Medinat Yisrael, which means “State of Israel”.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In addition, there were also other names that were initiated, including Eretz Israel (“Land of Israel”), Zion, and Judea, but all were rejected. [19]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In English, citizens/Jews are referred to as Israeli.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The terms were chosen by the Israeli government at the beginning of its independence.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

This was officially announced by the then Israeli Foreign Minister, Moshe Sharett. [20]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The area is also known as the Holy Land, which is sacred to all Abrahamic religions including Jewish, Christian, Islamic and Bahá'í beliefs.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Prior to Israel's Declaration of Independence 1,948, the entire region was known by various other names, including Southern Syria, Palestine Syria, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Iudaea Province, Coele-Syria, Retjenu, Canaan and, in particular, Palestine.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Early History History State of Israel Geography Land of Israel DistrictScitiestransPortation Mediterranean Seared Sea Sea of Galilee Jerusalemtel Avivhaifa History Jewish history (timeline) ZionismaliyahTheodor Herzl Balfour DeclarationBritish Mandate UN Partition Plan for Palestine Independence Declaration Austerity Conflicts HistoryIsraeli—Palestinian conflict — Israel proxy conflict 1948 War1949 Armistice Peace proposals Treaties with Egyptjordanisraeli—Palestinian peace process International LawOccupied territories* West Bank barrier Unilateral Disengagement LawPolitics Basic Laws Law of ReturnJerusalem Law ReferencePartiesSelections Prime MinisterPresident KnessetSupreme CourtCourts Criticism of the government Foreign relations United NationsUnited States Arab LeagueFrance Security forces Defense Forces Intelligence Community National Security Council PoliceBorder Police Prison Service Economy CompaniesDiamondsAgricultureIsrael Aerospace IndustriesKibButz TourismWine Science and TechnologyStartup NationSilicon Wadi DemographicsCulture Israeli JewsJewish ImmigrationJewish exodus from Arab CountriesIsraeli Arabs ReligionIslamChristianity MusicarchaeologyUniversities HebrewLiteraturesportsIsraelis PortalCategory WikiProjectVT left|JMPL|Map of the territory of the ancient Israelite kingdoms of the Land of Israel, known in Hebrew as Eretz Yisrael, is the holy land of the Jews.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

According to the book of the Torah, the Land of Israel was promised to the three Jewish Patriarchs by God as their homeland [21] [22].


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Scholars estimate this period existed in the 2nd millennium BC. [23]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

According to the traditional view, around the 11th century BC, several kingdoms and states of Israel were established around the Land of Israel; these kingdoms and states ruled for the next thousand years. [24]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Between the period of the Kingdom of Israel and the Muslim conquest of the 7th century, the Land of Israel fell under the governmentKingdom of Israel, the Assyrian Kingdom of Judah, Babylonian, Persian, Greek, Roman, Sassanian, and Byzantine. [25]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The existence of Jews in the region was drastically reduced after the failure of the Bar Kokhba War against the Roman Empire in 132, leading to a massive expulsion of Jews.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 628/9, Byzantine Emperor Heraclius ordered the massacre and expulsion of the Jews, resulting in the Jewish population declining further.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

However, there is a small group of Jewish populations still settled in the land of Israel.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The land of Israel was seized from the Byzantine Empire around 636 by Muslim conquerors.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

For more than six centuries, control of the region came under Umayyad, [26] Abbasids, [27] and Crusader control before falling under the Mameluk Sultanate in 1260.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 1516, the Land of Israel became part of the Ottoman Sultanate, which ruled the region until the 20th century. [28]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Zionism and the British mandate Diaspora Jews have long aspired to return to Zion and the Land of Israel. [29]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

These hopes and longings are recorded in the Bible [30] and are central themes in the Jewish prayer book.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

At the beginning of the 12th century, Jewish oppression by Catholics prompted the displacement of European Jews to the Holy Land and increased the number of Jewish populations after the expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492. [31]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

During the 16th century, large Jewish communities were mostly centered on the Four Jewish Holy Cities, namely Jerusalem, Hebron, Tiberias, and Safed.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

By the middle of the second 18th century, the entirety of the Hasidut communities originating from Eastern Europe had moved to the Holy Land. [32]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Immigration on a large scale, known as the First Aliyah (Hebrew: עלייה), began in 1881, when Jews were fleeing pogroms in Eastern Europe. [33]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

When the Zionism movement has existed since time immemorial, Theodor Herzl was the first Jew to establish a political movement of Zionism, [34] a movement aimed at establishing a Jewish state in the Land of Israel. [35]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 1896, Herzl published the book Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State), exposing his vision of a future Jewish state; the following year he then chaired the first World Zionist Congress. [36]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The Second Aliyah (1904—1914) began after the occurrence of the Kishinev pogrom.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

About 40,000 Jews then converted to Palestine. [33]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Both the first and second waves of the migration were mainly Orthodox Jews, [37] but in the Second Aliyah it also included pioneers of the kibbutz movement. [38]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

During World War I, British Foreign Minister Arthur Balfour issued a statement known as the Balfour Declaration, a declaration supporting the establishment of a Jewish state on the land of Palestine.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

At the request of Edwin Samuel Montagu and Lord Curzon, the statement “it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country”. [39]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The Jewish Legion, a group of battalions made up of Zionist volunteers, then helped Britain conquer Palestine.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Arab opposition to this plan led to the 1920 Palestine Riots and the establishment of a Jewish organization known as the Haganah (in Hebrew it means “Defense”). [40]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 1922, the League of Nations entrusted the mandate over Palestine to the United Kingdom. [41]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The population of this region at the time was predominantly Muslim Arab, while in urban areas such as Jerusalem, it was predominantly Jewish. [42]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Jewish immigration continued with the Third Aliyah (1919—1923) and the Fourth Aliyah (1924—1929), overall bringing 100,000 Jews to Palestine. [33]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

After the Jaffa riots, Britain restricted Jewish immigration, and areas intended as the Jewish state were allocated in Transyordania. [43]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The rise of the Nazi movement in 1930 led to the fifth Aliyah (1929-1939) with the entry of a quarter of a million Jews into Palestine.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

This massive wave of Jewish influx gave rise to the Arab Revolt in Palestine 1936-1939, forcing Britain to limit immigration by issuing the 1939 White Book.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In reaction to the rejection of countries in the world that refused to accept Jewish refugees fleeing the Holocaust, an underground movement known as Aliyah Bet aimed at bringing Jews to Palestine. [33]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

By the end of World War II, the Jewish population had reached 33% of the Palestinian population, a drastic increase from the previous only 11% in 1922. [44]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Independence and the first years after 1945, Great Britain became embroiled in violent conflict with Jews. [45]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 1947, the British government withdrew from the Mandate of Palestine, stating that Britain could not reach a solution accepted by both Arabs and Jews. [46]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The recently formed UN body then approved the UN Division Plan (United Nations General Assembly Resolution 18) on 29 November 1947.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

This division plan divided Palestine into two states, one Arab state, and one Jewish state.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Jerusalem is intended as an International city— corpus separatum— administrated by the United Nations to avoid conflict of the city's status. [47]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The Jewish community accepted the plan, [48] but the Arab League and the Arab Higher Committee rejected it on the grounds that Jews got 55% of all land areas even though constituted only 30% of the entire population in this area. [49]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

On December 1, 1947, the Arab Higher Committee declared a 3-day strike, and Arab groups began attacking Jewish targets.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The civil war began when the originally defensive Jews slowly became offensive.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The Arab-Palestinian economy collapsed and some 250,000 Arab-Palestinians were expelled or fled. [50]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

On May 14, 1948, the day before the end of the British Mandate, the Jewish Agency proclaimed independence and named the country as “Israel”.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

A day later, a combined five Arab states—Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq—attacked Israel, giving rise to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. [51]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Morocco, Sudan, Yemen and Saudi Arabia also helped dispatch troops.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

After a year of fighting, the weapon stampede was declared and a temporary territory boundary known as the Green Line was determined.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Jordan then annexed areas known as the West Bank and East Jerusalem, whereas Egypt controls the Gaza Strip.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel was subsequently accepted as a member of the United Nations on 11 May 1949. [52]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

During this conflict, about 711,000 Palestinian Arabs (80% of the Arab population) were displaced out of Palestine. [53]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In the early days of its independence, the labor Zionism movement led by Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion dominated Israeli politics. [54] [55] These years were marked by mass immigration of Holocaust survivors and Jews expelled from Arab lands.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel's population increased from 800,000 to 2,000,000 in a ten-year period between 1948 and 1958. [56]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Most of those refugees are housed in encampments known as ma'abarot.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Until 1952, 200,000 immigrants were housed in this camping town.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

An insistence on resolving this crisis forced Ben-Gurion to sign a treaty between West Germany and Israel.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

This agreement caused great protest of Jews who did not agree Israel was in contact with Germany. [57]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

During the 1950s, Israel was continuously attacked by Palestinian militants mostly from the Gaza Strip occupied by Egypt. [58]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 1956, Israel joined into a joint secret alliance with Great Britain and France, aiming to retake the Suez Canal which had previously been nationalized by Egypt (see Suez Crisis).


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Despite its successful capture of the Sinai Peninsula, Israel was forced to withdraw under pressure from the United States and the Soviet Union in exchange for Israel's guarantee of shipping rights in the Red Sea and Suez Canal. [59]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

At the beginning of the next decade, Israel succeeded in arresting and prosecuting Adolf Eichmann, a major initiator of the Final Solution who was hiding in Argentina. [60]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

This judiciary had a strong influence on public concern for the Holocaust, [61] and until now Eichmann was the only person executed by Israel [62] although John Demjanjuk was also sentenced to death before later the verdict was reversed by the Supreme Court Israel [63].


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Conflict and peace treaties Arab countries have for years denied Israel's right to stand.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Arab nationalism led by Nasser called for the destruction of the state of Israel. [64]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 1967, Egypt, Syria, and Jordan closed its border with Israel and drove United Nations peace forces out of the region as well as blockading Israel's access to the Red Sea.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel then launched an attack on an Egyptian air force base for fear of an invasion by Egypt.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

This then culminated in the Six-Day War which was later won by Israel.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In this war, Israel managed to seize the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula, and Golan Heights. [65]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The Green Line became the boundary marker between the administrative territories of Israel and the occupied Territories of Israel.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The boundaries of the Jerusalem area were also expanded by including the area of East Jerusalem.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

A law authorizing the entry of this territory was then established.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

This then culminated in United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 stating that this designation was invalid and in violation of international law.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The failure of the Arab states in the 1967 war later led to the growth of the Palestinian independence movement by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). [66] [67] In the late 1960s and early 1970s, several Palestinian military groups launched various waves of attacks [68] against citizens- Israelis around the world, [69] including the murder of Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel avenged the action by launching Operation Wrath of God (Wrath of God).


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

On this operation, the people responsible for the events of Munich were tracked down and killed. [70]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

On the day of Yom Kippur October 6, 1973 which is the Jewish holy day, Egyptian and Syrian forces launched a sudden attack on Israel.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The war ended on 26 October with Israel successfully hitting back at Egyptian and Syrian forces.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Nevertheless this war is considered Israel's defeat. [71]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

A commission set up to investigate this war absolved the Israeli government of responsibility.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

But Israeli public anger ultimately forced Prime Minister Golda Meir to resign.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The 1977 Knesset elections marked the onset of a turning point in the history of Israeli politicism.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

At this election, Menachem Begin who was from the Likud party took over control of government from the Israeli Labor Party. [72]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In that year anyway, Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat made a visit to Israel and made a speech in front of the Knesset.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

This action was seen as the first recognition of Israeli sovereignty by an Arab state. [73]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Two years later, Sadat and Menachem Begin signed the Camp David Approval and the Israeli-Egyptian Peace Treaty. [74]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel withdrew its troop retreat from the Sinai peninsula and agreed to negotiate discussing the autonomy of Palestinians lying outside the Green Line, but the plan was never implemented.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Begin's administration supported Israelis to settle in the West Bank, resulting in conflict with Palestinians in the area.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

On June 7, 1981, Israel bombarded the Iraqi-owned Osirak nuclear reactor on Operation Opera.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel's intelligence agency, Mossad, suspects the nuclear reactor will be used by Iraq to develop nuclear weapons.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 1982, Israel intervened in the Lebanese Civil War to destroy bases for the Palestine Liberation Organization attack in Northern Israel.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

This intervention later evolved into the First Lebanon War. [75]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel withdrew its troops from Lebanon in 1986.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The First Intifada which was the resistance of the Palestinian people to Israeli rule [76] occurred in 1987, causing violence in the Israeli occupied areas.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Over the following 6 years, more than a thousand people were killed, most of them victims of internal Palestinian violence. [77]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

During the 1991 Gulf War, the PLO and most Palestinians supported Saddam Hussein and Iraq in launching missile attacks against Israel. [78] [79] In 1992, Yitzhak Rabin became Prime Minister of Israel after the 1992 Israeli legislative general election.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Yitzhak Rabin and his party supported a compromise with Israel's neighbors. [80] [81] A year later, Shimon Peres and Mahmoud Abbas, as representatives of Israel and the PLO, signed the Oslo Approval.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

This approval gives the Palestinian National Authority the right to govern in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. [82]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In addition, it also stated the recognition of Israel's right to stand and call for the end of terrorism. [83]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 1994, the Israeli-Jordanian Peace Treaty was signed, making Jordan the second Arab state to normalize relations with Israel. [84]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Arab public support of this approval declined after the massacre of Muslims who were praying at the Ibrahimi Mosque by a group of extremists of the Kach movement.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In addition, Jewish settlements in the occupied areas that still continue, as well as the declining economic conditions of Palestine have also decreased Arab public support.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel's public support of this approval also waned after the barrage of suicide bombing cases carried out by hamas.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The assassination of Yitzhak Rabin committed by Jewish extremists while he was leaving a march in favor of peace with Palestine shocked the whole country.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In the late 1990s, Israel led by Benjamin Netanyahu withdrew its army retreat from Hebron [85] and signed the Wye River Memorandum.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The memorandum gave the Palestinian National Authority wider control. [86]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Ehud Barak who was Prime Minister elected in the 1999 elections began his rule by withdrawing Israeli forces from South Lebanon and entered into negotiations with Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat and United States President Bill Clinton at the Camp David Meeting July of 2000.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

During that meeting, Barak offered a plan for the founding of a Palestinian State, but Yasser Arafat rejected the offer. [87]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

After negotiations failed, the Second Intifada began.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Ariel Sharon became Israel's new Prime Minister after winning elections in 2001.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

During his reign, Sharon unilaterally withdrew Israeli forces from the Gaza Strip and built a separation wall on the border of the West Bank. [88]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In January 2006, after Ariel Sharon suffered a severe stroke and was in a coma, his power was replaced by Ehud Olmert.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Recent developments In July 2006, Hezbollah's incursion into Northern Israel along with the kidnapping of two Israeli soldiers triggered the aftermath of the Second Lebanon War. [89] [90] This war concluded with a ceasefire sponsored by the United Nations Security Council by issuing United Nations Resolution 1701.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In late December 2008, a ceasefire between Hamas and Israel ended after a rocket attack launched by Hamas.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel responded to the attack with airstrikes. [91]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

On January 3, 2009, Israeli forces entered Gaza city and began a ground offensive. [92]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

On 17 January 2009, Israel announced a ceasefire unilaterally on condition that it stopped rocket and mortar attacks.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

This was later followed by Hamas also announcing a ceasefire on condition that the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Gaza as well as the reopening of the border.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel's geography and climate lies to the east of the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan to the east, and Egypt to the southwest.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel's sovereignty area, excluding the territory conquered during the Six-Day War in 1967 is approximately 20,770 kilometers across 2% of it being water. [93]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

According to Israeli law, the total area of Israel, which includes East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights is 22,072 square kilometers. [94]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

While the overall area controlled by Israel, covering Palestinian territory in the West Bank is 27,799km2. [95]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Despite its small extent, Israel's geography is varied, from the Negev desert in the southern part to the mountains of Galilee and the Golan Heights in the north.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

About 70% of Israel's population resides in the coastal western part of Israel's coast facing the Mediterranean sea.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

To the east of the central mountains lies the Jordan Valley which forms part of the 6,500km-long Great Rift Valley.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The Jordan River flows along Lemabh Jordan, from Mount Hermon through the Hulah Valley and the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea. [96]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

To its south lies Arabah and ends with the Gulf of Eilat (Gulf of Aqaba).


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

One of the distinctive features of the geography of Israel and the Sinai Peninsula is the occurrence of makhtesh, which is a crater caused by erosion. [97]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The largest Makhtesh in the world is Ramon Crater in the Negev, [98] which measures 40kilometres by 8kilometres.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

A report on the environmental status of the Mediterranean basin reports that Israel has the most number of plant species per square meter compared to other countries also in the Mediterranean basin. [99]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Temperatures in Israel vary, especially during winter.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Mountainous areas tend to be windy, cold, and sometimes snowy; Jerusalem is usually snowy at least once each year. [100]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Whereas in coastal cities such as Tel Aviv and Haifa, the climate tends to be Mediterranean, with cool temperatures, rainy winters, and hot, long summers.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The highest temperature in Asia ever recorded (53.7°C) occurred in 1942 at kibbutz Tirat Zvi in the northern part of the Jordan Valley. [101]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

From May to September, rain rarely falls in Israel. [102] [103] Because of the very low water resources, Israel has developed a wide range of water-saving technologies, including drip irrigation. [104]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The people of Israel also use the light of the sun as their energy source.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel has the highest per capita use of solar energy in the world. [105]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The Government and Politics of Israel is a democratic republic with a parliamentary system. [93]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The President of Israel is the head of state, but his duties are very limited and are merely ceremonial. [106]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

MPs supported by a majority within parliament become Prime Minister.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Usually the one being prime minister is the chairman of the largest Party.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The Prime Minister is the head of government and chairman of the cabinet. [106] [107] Israel is ruled by its 120-member parliament, known as the Knesset.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The members of the Knesset come from various parties selected in the parliamentary elections. [108]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Usually a government formed is a coalition government.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Parliamentary elections are scheduled every four years, but unstable governing coalitions or motions of no confidence by the Knesset often dissolve existing governments early.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

“The average duration of an Israeli government rule is about 22 months.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The peace process with the Palestinians, the role of religion in the state, and political scandals are often the cause of cracking coalitions and resulting in faster elections. “[109]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The basic laws of Israel (Hebrew: חוקי היוות, ḥŭ


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 2003, the Knesset began proposing an official draft constitution based on these basic laws. [93] [110] The Israeli judicial system has three levels.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

At the lowest level are the courts of justice located in most Israeli cities.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Above it are the district courts, which serve as appellate level courts and courts of first instance; District courts are located in the five Districts of Israel.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The top tier of Israel's judiciary is the Supreme Court located in Jerusalem.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The Israeli Supreme Court plays a role both as the top appellate level court as well as a court of first and last instance.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

As a court of first and last instance, the Israeli Supreme Court allows individuals, both who are citizens and who are not citizens, to petition against Israeli government decisions. [111] [112] Israel is not a member of the International Criminal Court. [113 ]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The Israeli legal system is a combination of English common law, civil law, and Jewish law (Halakha). [93]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israeli law is based on the principle of stare decisis (i.e., the decision of a previous judge is used as the basis for future decisions) and uses an adversarial system, where two parties to the court are required to bring evidence before the court.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Judicial cases are decided by a judge and not by a jury. [111]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Matters of marriage and divorce are under the jurisdiction of religious courts according to their respective religions: Jewish, Muslim (Sharia), Druze, and Christian.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The members of the Knesset, the justices of the Supreme Court, and the members of the Israeli lawyers association carry out the process of electing judges. [114]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel's Basic Law regarding Human Dignity and Freedom protects human rights and freedoms in Israel.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel is the only country in the Middle East to be awarded “Free” status by the Freedom House organization based on political rights and civil liberties, but in Israeli occupied areas, the status is “Not Free" [115] [116] The same is also seen in the Reporters Without Borders report that puts Israel in the order of 93 out of 175 countries in terms of freedom of the press. It ranks behind countries such as Kuwait (60th), Lebanon (61st), and United Arab Emirates (86th). [117] [118] Some groups such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch [119] have also denounced Israel's human rights record in the Arab-Israeli conflict.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

B'Tselem is an Israeli human rights organization that often criticizes human rights violations committed by the Israeli government. [120]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The Administrative Division of Israel is divided into six main administrative districts, referred to as mehozot (מחורות; singular: mahoz), namely the Central District, Haifa District, Jerusalem District, Northern District, Southern District, and Tel Aviv District.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

These districts are further further divided into fifteen subdistricts called nafot (נפות; singular: nafa). [121]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

For statistical purposes, Israel is divided into three metropolitan areas: Tel Aviv (population 3,150,000), Haifa (population 996,000), and Beersheba (population 531,600). [122]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel's largest municipality, both in terms of population and area, [123] is Jerusalem, with 732,100 inhabitants on a land area of 129km2.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Tel Aviv, Haifa, and Rishon LeZion ranked next as the most populated cities, with consecutive populations of 384,600, 267,000, and 222,300. [124]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Occupied areas In 1967, as a result of the Six-Day War, Israel gained control over the West Bank, East Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel also took control of the Sinai peninsula, but returned it to Egypt as part of the 1979 Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

After Israel conquered this territory, Jewish settlements were established in the area.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel has implemented civil law in the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem, annexing both areas as parts of its territory as well as offering the residents of both areas the status of “permanent residents” and “citizens” of Israel.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Instead, the West Bank is in military occupation.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The West Bank and Gaza Strip are viewed by the Palestinians and the international community as the future of the State of Palestine.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The United Nations Security Council declared that the incorporation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem as illegitimate and in violation of international law.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The United Nations continues to view these territories as occupied areas. [125]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The status of East Jerusalem became one of the hardest parts to the settlement of a peace agreement between Israel and the Palestinians.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Most negotiations on the territory are based on Resolution 242 of the United Nations Security Council which calls on Israel to withdraw from the occupation as a condition of normalizing relations with Arab states. [126] [127] [128] The West Bank was annexed by Jordan in 1948, after the Arab rejection of the UN decision to create two states in Palestine.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Only Britain recognizes this annexation and since the Israeli-Jordanian peace treaty, Jordan has given its claim to the Palestine Liberation Organization.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The West Bank was occupied by Israel in 1967.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The population of the West Bank is generally Palestinian Arabs, encompassing Palestinian refugees displaced by the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. [129]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Since its occupation from 1967 until 1993, Palestinians lived under the administration of the Israeli military.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Since the existence of the Israel-PLO Letter of Recognition, most Palestinian populations and towns are under the internal jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority, although they are still under partial Israeli military control.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In response to the Second Intifada, the Israeli government began building the Israeli Separation Wall [130] built within the territory of the West Bank. [131]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The Gaza Strip was occupied by Egypt from 1948 until 1967 and then occupied by Israel from 1967 until 2005.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 2005, as part of Israel's unilateral withdrawal plan, Israel removed all its residents and soldiers from the Gaza Strip, but Israel still controls the air and sea traffic of the Gaza Strip. [132]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Gaza borders Egypt, and treaties between Israel, the European Union, the Palestinian Authority, and Egypt regulate traffic on those borders (supervised by EU monitors), [133] but with the election of Hamas government makes implementation of this agreement difficult to implement. [134]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The internal areas of the Gaza Strip are currently in control by Hamas.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Foreign relations Israel has diplomatic relations with 161 countries and 94 diplomatic missions around the world. [135]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Only three Arab league countries have normalized relations with Israel; Egypt signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1979, Jordan in 1994, and Mauritania decided to open full diplomatic relations with Israel in 1999.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Two Arab league members, Morocco and Tunisia who have limited diplomatic relations with Israel severed those diplomatic relations at the beginning of the Second Intifada in 2000. [136]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Since 2003, relations with Morocco have begun to improve, and Israel's foreign minister has paid a visit to the country. [137]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

As a result of the Gaza war of 2009, Mauritania, Qatar, Bolivia, and Venezuela ceased political and economic relations with Israel. [138] [139] Under Israeli law, Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Yemen are enemy states [140] and Israeli citizens are prohibited from visiting the country without the permission of the Ministry of Interior of Israel. [141]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Since 1995, Israel is a member of the Mediterranean Dialogue, aimed at increasing cooperation between the seven countries located in the Mediterranean basin and NATO member states. [142]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel's foreign relations with the United States, Turkey, Germany, Britain, and India are the closest.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The United States was the first country to recognize the founding of Israel, followed by the Soviet Union.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The United States considers Israel to be a key Middle East ally. [143]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Although Turkey and Israel did not have full diplomatic relations until 1991, [144] Turkey has been working with Israel since Turkey's recognition of Israeli independence in 1949.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Because Turkey is also on good terms with Arab countries in the Middle East, several times Turkey has come under great pressure for Turkey to cut ties with Israel. [145]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The two countries' relations ebbed when Turkey condemned Israel's incursion into Gaza in 2009. [138]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Germany also has strong ties with Israel.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Cooperation between the two countries includes scientific, educational, economic, and military cooperation. [146] [147] India opened full diplomatic relations with Israel in 1992. [148]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel's diplomatic relations with Iran lasted during Iran under the Pahlavi Dynasty [149] but Iranian recognition was retracted since the Iranian Revolution. [150]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Until now Indonesia has not recognized Israel's sovereignty, although Palestinian sovereignty is recognized even though its area is uncertain.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Former Indonesian president Abdurrahman Wahid (1999-2001) had planned to recognize Israel's sovereignty and open diplomatic relations, but earned condemnation and opposition from Indonesian Muslim groups. [151]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono has stated he will not open relations with Israel before the Palestinian problem is solved and Israel's occupation of Palestine is ended.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The military of the Israel Defense Forces consists of the Israeli Army, the Israeli Air Force, and the Israeli Navy.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The defense force was established during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War by consolidating paramilitary organizations — primarily the Haganah— that had been established before Israel was established. [152]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The Israel Defense Forces are also assisted by the Israeli Military Intelligence Directorate (Aman) which works closely with the Mossad and Shabak. [153]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The Israel Defense Force has been involved in several major wars and border conflicts despite its relatively young age, making it one of the most well-trained armed angkata in the world. [154] [155] The majority of Israeli citizens are required to join the conscription program at the age of 18.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Men are required to follow the wamil for three years, while women are two years. [156]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

After the wamil, Israeli men join the reserve force and perform reserve force duties for several weeks each year until the age of 40.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Most women were relieved of this duty.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israeli citizens who are of Arab ethnicity (except Druze) and who engage in full religious studies are exempt from conscription. [157] [158] There is an alternative obligation for citizens receiving a wamil exemption, namely Sherut Leumi or national service, involving activities social service in hospitals and schools, or other social activities. [159]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Because of this conscription progam, the Israel Defense Forces has about 168,000 active soldiers and about 408,000 reserve forces. [160]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The Israeli military relies heavily on advanced weaponry made in Israel as well as imported from abroad.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The United States is primarily a major contributor, and is budgeted to provide military aid to Israel amounting to US$30 billion between 2008 and 2017. [161]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The Israeli and American-made Hetz missile (Arrow) is one of the most operational anti-ballistic missile systems in the world. [162]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Since the Yom Kippur War, Israel has developed a network of spy satellites. [163]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The success of the Ofeq program made Israel one of only seven countries capable of launching such satellites. [164]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Since the establishment of Israel, Israel has spent most of a proportion of its brutal domestic product on defense purposes.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

For example, in 1984 the country spent about 24% of its GDP on military purposes. [165]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Now, that proportion has decreased to 7.3%. [93]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel is widely believed to have nuclear weapons. [166]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Nevertheless, Israel did not sign the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and took an ambiguous policy of neither acknowledging nor denying the possession of nuclear weapons.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

After the Gulf War in 1991, Israel passed a law requiring that all Israeli apartments and houses have mamads, namely security spaces that are resistant to chemical and biological attacks. [167]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel's economy is considered one of the most developed countries in Southwest Asia in terms of economic and industrial development.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The country is ranked number 3 in the region according to the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Index [168] and the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report. [11]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 2007, Israel had the 44th largest gross domestic product and 22nd highest per capita income (based on the balance of shopping ability) in the world at US$232.7 billion and US$33,299 sequentially. [169]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 2007, Israel was invited to join the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) [170] which aims to enhance cooperation among countries that uphold democratic principles and free market economics. [171]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Although Israel's natural resources are limited, decades of intensive development in the agricultural and industrial sectors has led Israel to be able to self-sufficiency in its outline, except for cereals and beef.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 2006, Israeli imports totaled US$47.8 billion, consisting of fossil fuels, raw materials, and military equipment. [93]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel's main export commodities include fruits, vegetables, medicines, software, chemicals, military technology, and diamond; in 2006, Israeli exports reached US$42.86 billion. [93]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel ranked first in the world in terms of water conservation and geothermal energy use. [172]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel also develops software, communication, and science technologies in Silicon Wadi. [173] [174] Since the 1970s, Israel has received economic assistance from the United States, and loans from the United States have occupied a sizable proportion of Israel's foreign debt. [93]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 2007, the United States approved US$30 billion in aid to Israel for the next ten years. [161]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Tourism, primarily religious tourism, is also an important area of Israeli industry.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Security problems in Israel have hampered the development of this industry, but later the number of tourists began to increase. [175]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 2008, about 3 million tourists visited Israel. [176]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israeli transport has 18,096 kilometers of paved roads [177] and 2.4 million motor vehicles. [178]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The number of motor vehicles per 1000 people is 324, relatively lower compared to other developed countries. [178]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel has 5,715 regularly scheduled buses [179] operated by various freight companies.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israeli railroads encroach along 949 kilometers and are operated by Israeli state companies [180].


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Along with massive investment in the early to late 1990s, the number of rail passengers annually has increased from 2.5 million in 1990 to 35 million in 2008.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The railroads are also used to transport about 6.8 million tons of cargo annually. [180]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel has two international airports, Ben Gurion International Airport and Ovda Airport. [181]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israeli science, technology and education has the highest school expectation rate (defined as the year a 4-year-old is expected to receive education in the future) in Southwest Asia and ranked second on par with Japan in Asia (after South Korea). [182]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel also has the highest literacy numbers in all of southwest Asia. [183]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The State of Israel Education Law enacted in 1953 divided schools into five kinds: secular public schools, religious public schools, ultra orthodox schools, schools of communal settlements, and Arab schools.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Secular public schools are the largest schools and are attended by the majority of Jewish and non-Arab students in Israel.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Most Jewish citizens of Arab ethnicity send their children to Arabic-speaking schools. [184]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel has compulsory programs for children between the ages of three and eighteen. [185] [186] The stages of schooling are divided into three stages: elementary school (levels 1-6), junior high school (levels 7-9), and high school (levels 10-12).


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The school stages end with a final exam called Bagrut.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Proficiency in spy primary lessons such as mathematics, Hebrew Bible, Hebrew language, Hebrew and general literature, English, history, and civic education are required to obtain a Bagrut certificate. [187]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In Arabic, Christian, and Druze schools, the Hebrew Bible study exam was replaced by examinations in Islamic, Christian, or Druze subjects. [188]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 2003, more than half of Israel's 12th-level pupils earned this certificate. [189]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Eight Israeli public universities are subsidized by the state. [187] [191] The Jewish University and National Library which houses the largest Jewish stubs in the world is at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. [192]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem is ranked in the top 100 leading universities in the world [193] [194] based on Shanghai's Jiao Tong University rating.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Other major universities in Israel include the Technion, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Tel Aviv University, Bar-Ilan University, Haifa University, and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel is ranked third in the world in terms of the number of academic scholars per capita (20% of the population). [195] [196] Israel is the leading country in terms of the number of stem cell research scientific articles per capita since 2000 [197] Israel also puts forward the use of solar energy and has Leading solar energy technology [198] and Israeli solar companies are working on projects around the world. [199] [200] More than 90% of Israeli homes use solar power for hot water procurement and are the highest per capita use in the world. [201] [ 202] According to Israeli government data, the country saves 8% of its per capita electricity consumption due to the use of solar energy. [203]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Demographics As of 2009, Israel's population was 7.5 million inhabitants. [204]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israel has two official languages, Hebrew and Arabic. [93]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Hebrew is the main language of the country and is spoken by the majority of Israel's population.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Arabic is mainly spoken by minority Arabs and Jews who come from Arab lands.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 2002, the Jewish population of Arab lands reached 40% of Israel's population. [205]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

While in 2008, Israeli citizens of Arab nationality reached 20% of Israel's total population. [206]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Many residents of Israel can communicate well in English.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Because of the large number of Jewish immigrants who immigrated to Israel, there are also other languages that can be heard on the streets of Israel everyday.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Russian and Amhar are spoken extensively [207] due to the large number of immigrants coming from the Soviet Union and Ethiopia (about 120,000 Ethiopian Jews live in Israel) [208] Between 1990 to 1994, massive immigration coming from Russia increased the population Israel by twelve percent. [209]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

There are more than one million Russian-speaking immigrants in Israel, [210] with about 300,000-of whom are not Jews. [211]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Some of these basarwasa anyway, a large number of migrant workers from Romania, Thailand, China, Africa, and South America have also settled in Israel.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The exact number of these migrant workers is not known because many have settled illegally, [212] but it is estimated that the number is about 200,000 [213] More than 16,000 African asylum seekers entered Israel these years. [214]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

As of 2009, more than 300,000 Israelis live in West Bank settlements [215] such as Ma'ale Adumim and Ariel, and in communities that had existed prior to the establishment of the State of Israel such as in the cities of Hebron and Gush Etzion.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Eighteen thousand Jewish residents live in the Golan Heights. [216]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 2006, there were 250,000 Jews living in East Jerusalem. [217]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The total number of Israeli settlers is over 500,000 (6.5% of Israel's population).


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

About 7,800 Israeli residents lived in settlements in the Gaza Strip before all were evacuated by force by the Israeli government in 2005 as part of Israel's unilateral withdrawal plan. [218]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The religion of Israel was founded as a Jewish state and is often referred to as the Jewish state.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The laws of this country give Jews and Jews the right to obtain Israeli citizenship. [219]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

More than three by four, or 75.5% of Israel's population is Jewish, which is different.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

About 68% of Jewish Israelis were born in Israel, 22% were immigrants from Europe and America, and 10% were immigrants from Asia and Africa (including Arabs). [220]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The religious affiliation of the Jewish population of Israel varies: 55% of him claim to be “traditional”, while 20% consider himself to be “secular Jews”, 17% claim to be “Orthodox Jews”; the remaining 8% claim to be “Haredi Jews" [221] Muslims account for 16% of Israel's total population and is the largest minority religion in Israel.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

About 2% of the population is Christian and 1.5% of it is Druze. [222]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The population of these Jews includes Christian Arabs and Messiah Jews. [223]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

There are also a small percentage of religious groups such as Buddhism and Hinduism. [224]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Jerusalem is an important city for Jews, Muslims, and Christians.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Jerusalem is the home of the Wailing Wall and the Temple, Al-Aqsa Mosque, and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Other important religious sites are located in the West Bank, including Joseph's Tomb in Shechem, the Church of the Nativity and Rahel Cemetery in Bethlehem, and the Machpelah Cave in Hebron.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

The culture of Israel has a multifaceted culture because immigrant Jews from all over the world carry their own traditions and cultures. [225]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

National holidays are determined based on the Jewish calendar and Saturday (Sabbath) is determined as a holiday. [226]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israeli culture is also influenced by Arab culture seen in the architecture of buildings, [227] music, [228] and Israeli culinary. [229]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Israeli literature, primarily poetry and prose, is written in Hebrew and was part of the renaissance of Hebrew as a spoken language since the mid-19th century.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

However, there are also literatures published in other languages, such as English.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

According to Israeli law, two copies of printed material published in Israel must be deposited into the Jewish University and National Center at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 2001, this law was amended by adding audio and video recordings and other non-print media. [230]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In 2006, 85% of the 8,000 books transferred to the centralization were in Hebrew. [231]


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

Hebrew Book Week (שבור היפר) is held every June and the event includes book exhibitions, public readings, and meetings of Israeli authors from all over the country. one of the most important cultural institutions in Israel [232].


Question: What is the area of Massachusetts?

Israeli

In this museum, the Dead Sea Manuscript is stored, [233] along with an extensive collection of Judaism and Western cultural art. [232]