Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

It was during this Thugril Bek leadership that the Seljuk dynasty entered Baghdad in place of Bani Buwaih.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

Earlier, Thugril may have mercy on him managed to seize the Marwadan areas of Naisabur from the dominions of Ghaznawiyah, Balkh, Urjan, Tabaristan, Khawarizm, Rayy, and Isfahan.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

The caliph's position and standing were better after the Seljuk dynasty came to power; not least his authorship in the religious sphere was restored after some time “deprived” of the Shi'ahs.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

Although Baghdad can be overrun, it is not used as a center of government.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

Thugrul Bek may Allah chose the city of Naisabur and later the city of Rayy as the center of his administration.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

The small daulahs who had previously seceded, after being conquered by this Seljuk daulah, regained the position of Baghdad, and even they continued to maintain the integrity and security of the Abbasids to stem the understanding of Shi'ah and develop their professed Sunni Salafy manhaj.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

After Thugril Bek (455 AH/1063 AD), the Seljuk daulah was successively ruled by: Alp Arselan Mercy on Hullah (455-465 H/1063-1072), Maliksyah (465-485 H/1072-1092), Mahmud Al-Ghazi (485-487 H/1092-1094), Barr Kiyaruq (487-498 H/1 094-1103), Maliksyah II (498 H/1103 AD), Abu Shuja' Muhammad (498-511 H/11 03-1117 AD), and Abu Harits Sanjar (511-522H/1117-1128 AD).


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

This Seljuk administration was known as al-Salajiqah al-Kubra (Great Seljuk or Great Seljuk).


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

Besides, there are several other Seljuk governments in some areas as mentioned earlier.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

At the time of Alp Arselan (may Allah have mercy on him) the expansion of the area started by Thugril Bek (may Allah have mercy on him) continued westward until the center of Roman culture in Asia Minor, namely Byzantine.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

A key event in this expansion movement is what is known as the battle of Manzikert.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

The army of Alp Arselan had mercy on him successfully defeated a large Roman army consisting of Roman, Ghuz, al-Akraj, al-Hajr, French, and Armenian armies.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

With the mastery of Manzikert in 1071 AD, there was an opportunity for him to perform the movement of penturkian (turkification) in Asia Minor.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

The movement began with the appointment of Sulaiman ibn Qutlumish, a nephew of Alp Arselan, as governor in this area.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

In 1077 AD (470 AH), the Seljuk sultanate of Ruum was established with its capital Iconym.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

Meanwhile Arselan's son, Tutush may have mercy on him, succeeded in establishing the Seljuk dynasty in Syria in 1094 M/487 H. At the time of Sulthan Maliksyah this area of Daulah Seljuk power was vast, extending from Kashgor, an area at the end of the Turkish area, all the way to Jerussalem.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

The vast territory was divided into five parts: 1.Greater Seljuk who controlled Khurasan, Rayy, Jabal, Iraq, Persia, and Ahwaz.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

He is the parent of another.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

The number of Sheikhs who ruled entirely eight people.2.The Seljuk Kirman was under the rule of the Qawurt family of Bek ibn Dawud ibn Mikail ibn Seljuk.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

The number of sheikhs who ruled twelve people.3.Seljuk Iraq and Kurdistan, its first leader was Mughirs al-Din Mahmud.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

This Seljuk was successively ruled by nine sheikhs. 4.Seljuk Syria, ruled by the family of Tutush ibn Alp Arselan ibn Daud ibn Mikail ibn Seljuk, the number of sheikhs who ruled five people.5.Seljuk Rum, ruled by the family of Qutlumish ibn Israil ibn Seljuk with the number of sheikhs who ruled entirely 17 men.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

In addition to dividing the region into five, led by a governor who held the Shaykh or Malik, the Bani Seljuk rulers also restored the post of prime minister previously removed by the ruler of Bani Buwaih.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

In the time of Alp Arselan may have mercy on him, science and religion began to develop and progress during the time of Sultan Maliksyah who was assisted by his prime minister Nizham al-Mulk.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

The prime minister initiated the founding of Nizhamiyah University (1065 AD) and the Hanafiyah Madrasah in Baghdad.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

Almost in every city in Iraq and Khurasan was established a branch of Nizhamiyah.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

According to Philip K. Hitti, Nizhamiyah University is the model for all colleges later.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

The government's attention to the development of science spawned many muslim scientists of his time.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

Among them were az-Zamakhsyari in the field of interpretation, language, and theology; al-Qusyairy in the field of interpretation; Abu Hamid al-Ghazali have mercy on theology; and Farid al-Din al-'Aththar and Umar Khayam in literature.Not just spiritual mental development, in physical development The Seljuk dynasty left many merit.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

Maliksyah is famous for its development efforts in the latter field.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

Many mosques, bridges, irrigation and highways were built.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

After Sultan Maliksyah and prime minister Nizham al-Mulk died the Great Seljuk began to experience a period of decline in the political field.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

A power struggle among family members arises.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

Every province is trying to break away from the center.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

Conflicts and wars between family members weaken their own.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

Meanwhile, several minor dynasties made free, such as Shahat Khawarizm, Ghuz, and al-Ghuriyah.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

On the other hand, little by little the caliph's political power also returned, especially for the country of Iraq.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

The Seljuk dynasty's power in Iraq ended in the hands of Khawarizm Shah in 590 h/L199 AD. (Wallahul Musta'an).


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

It was during the Seljuk Sultanate that the first Insurance System was introduced.


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

The Seljuk Sultanate will pay for all losses from merchants who experienced robbery in Seljuk territory. [8]


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

Sultan Thugril Bek (455 H/1063 AD), Alp Arselan (455-465 H/1063-1072), Maliksyah (465-485 H/1072-1092), Mahmud Al-Ghazi (485-487 H/1092-1094 AD), Barkiyaruq (487-498 H/498 1 094-1103), Maliksyah II (498 H/1103 AD), Abu Syuja' Muhammad (498-511 H/11 03-1117 AD), and Abu Harits Sanjar (511-522H/1117-1128 AD).


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

Reference [9] [10] [11]. [12]. [13]. [14]. [15].


Question: who is the longest-serving sultan/king of the Seljuk Sultanate?

Greater Seljuk Sultanate

Outlinks Category:Historical Iran Category:History of Pakistan


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

A thermal (or thermal) column is a column of air rising at a low altitude of Earth's atmosphere.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

Thermal is formed by the warmth of the Earth's surface from solar radiation, and instances of convection.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

The sun warms the land, which eventually warms the air above it.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

Thermal effects result in the temperature of the air increasing at progressively rising altitudes.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

Thermal effects in the form of heat caused due to the earth radiation in the form of long waves.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

Thermal Explanation Warm air diffuses, becoming less dense than the surrounding air mass.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

Lighter air masses rise, and when rising, the air cools due to its expansion at low pressures at high altitudes.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

Stops rising when it has cooled to the same temperature as the surrounding air.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

Relating to thermals is the downward flow surrounding the thermal column.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

The outside moving downwards is caused by cold air being replaced over thermals.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

The size and thermal strength are affected by the properties of the lower atmosphere (troposphere).


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

Generally, when the air is cold, warm air particles formed by the land warming the air above it, can rise like a blimp.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

The air was later said to be unstable.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

When a layer of warm air rises, the inversion can prevent thermals from rising high and the air is said to be stable.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

Solar thermals form hexagonal prisms (Bénard cells).


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

Thermal is usually characterized by the appearance of cumulus clouds.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

When calm winds come thermals and cumulus clouds can cross according to wind direction.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

Cumulus clouds are formed by air rising in a thermal as it cools and rises, until water vapor in the air begins to condense into water spots.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

This condensing water releases latent thermal energy that allows the air to rise higher.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

Highly unstable air can reach convection-free levels (LFC) and very high rises can condense large amounts of water and produce rain or even thunderstorms.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

Thermal is one of the main sources of hikes used by swallows and paragliding to fly.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

A similar phenomenon can be seen in lava lamps.


Question: What is thermal?

Thermal

See also Heat tower Vertical column Atmospheric thermodynamics Outside links - Thermal Structure and Behavior by Wayne M. Angevine Category:Moderate Weather and convection Category:Aviation terms


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (German: [ˈadɔlf ˈhɪtl];) was a German politician and the Austrian-born chairman of the Nazi Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP); National Socialist German Workers' Party).


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He served as Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and dictator of Nazi Germany (held Führer und Reichskanzler) starting in 1934 until 1945.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler became a major figure of Nazi Germany, World War II in Europe, and the Holocaust.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler was a World War I veteran with many titles.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He joined the German Workers' Party (predecessor of the NSDAP) in 1919, and became chairman of the NSDAP in 1921.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The year 1923, he launched a coup in Munich known for the events of the Beer Hall Putsch.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The failed coup culminated with Hitler's restraint.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In prison, Hitler wrote his memoir, Mein Kampf (My Struggle).


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

After his 1924 free, Hitler gained the support of the people by denouncing the Treaty of Versailles and upholding pan-Germanism, antisemitism, and anti-communism through his charismatic speeches and Nazi propaganda.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

After being appointed chancellor in 1933, he transformed the Weimar Republic into the Third Reich, a one-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of Nazism.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler's goal was to establish an absolute New Order of Nazi German hegemony in mainland Europe.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Until then, his foreign and domestic policy aimed at attaining Lebensraum (“living space”) for the Germanic people.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He ordered Germany rearmed and the Wehrmacht invaded Poland in September 1939, causing the outbreak of World War II in Europe.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Under Hitler's rule, in 1941 German troops and its European allies occupied much of Europe and North Africa.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In 1943, Germany had to defend its territory and suffered a series of defeats in combat.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In the final days of the war, as the Battle of Berlin took place in 1945, Hitler married his longtime lover, Eva Braun.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On April 30, 1945, less than two days later, the two committed suicide to avoid being captured by the Red Army, then their bodies were burned.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler's supremacist, racially motivated policies resulted in the deaths of an estimated 50 million people during World War II, including 6 million Jews and 5 million ethnic “non-Aryans” whose systematic extermination was ordered by Hitler and his closest comrades.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The first years Hitler's Father's ancestor, Alois Hitler (1837—1903), was an illegitimate son of Maria Anna Schicklgruber.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The baptismal records do not name Alois's father, so Alois goes by his mother's last name.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler married Anna.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

After Anna died in 1847 and Johann in 1856, Alois grew up in the family of Hiedler's younger brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. [2]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In 1876, Alois was passed over and his baptismal records were changed by a pastor in the presence of three eyewitnesses. [3]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

While on trial in Nuremberg in 1945, Nazi official Hans Frank referred to the existence of letters claiming that Alois' mother worked as a maid for a Jewish family in Graz and that the family's 19-year-old son, Leopold Frankenberger, was Alois' father. [4]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

However, no Frankenberger name was recorded in Graz at that time and records of Leopold Frankenberger's family were never made. [5]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Historians doubt the claim that Alois' father was a Jew. [6] [7] At the age of 39, Alois chose the last name “Hitler”, it could be spelled “Hiedler”, “Hüttler”, or “Huettler”.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The origin of the word name is “someone who lives at home” (Standard German Hütte), “herder” (Standard German hüten “keep”, English “heed”), or from the Slavik languages Hidlar and Hidlarcek. [8]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler's childhood and education was born April 20, 1889 in Gasthof zum Pommer, an inn at Salzburger Vorstadt 15, Braunau am Inn, Austria-Hungary. [9]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He was the fourth of six children of the couple Alois Hitler and Klara Pölzl (1860—1907).


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler's brother and sister — Gustav, Ida, and Otto— died in infancy. [10]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

When Hitler was three years old, their family moved to Passau, Germany. [11]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

There he studied the Bayern Hilir dialect (instead of Austrian German), and this dialect became the hallmark of his speaking style for life. [12] [13] [14] In 1894, their family moved again to Leonding (near Linz), and in June 1895, Alois settled on a small estate in Hafeld, near Lambach, where he farmed and raised bees.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Adolf attended school in the neighbouring town, Fischlham.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler began to like studying the war after discovering a picture book about the French-Prussian War that belonged to his father. [15] [16] Their move to Hafeld was the beginning of an intense father-son conflict as a result of Adolf refusing to comply with strict rules at his school. [17]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Alois Hitler's agricultural venture in Hafeld failed and in 1897 they moved to Lambach.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler who was still 8 years old attended singing tutoring, sang with the church choir, and even had time to consider becoming a pastor. [18]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In 1898, their family moved permanently to Leonding.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The death of his younger brother, Edmund, from smallpox on 2 February 1900 profoundly affected Hitler's life.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He transformed from a confident, sociable, clever figure, into a moody, withdrawn, sullen boy who often quarreled with his father and teacher. [19]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Alois had a successful career in the customs bureau and wanted his son to follow in his footsteps. [20]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler later dramatized an event when Hitler's father took him to visit to the customs office, calling it an event that aroused merciless antagonism between father and son, both of whom were equally strongly desirous. [21] [22] [23] Ignoring his son's desire to entered classical high school and became an artist, Alois sent Adolf to the Realschule in Linz in September 1900. [24] (


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

This is the same high school that Adolf Eichmann later entered 17 years later.) [25] Hitler rejected this decision, and in the book Mein Kampf, Hitler reveals that he performed poorly in school, while hoping that after his father saw “the little progress I made in technical school, he will let me chase my dreams. “[26]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler was obsessed with German nationalism since he was young. [27]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He showed his loyalty to Germany, resenting the increasingly chaotic Habsburg monarchy and its rule in an empire inhabited by various ethnicities. [28] [29] Hitler and his friends sported the German welcome word “Heil”, and sang the German national anthem “Deutschland Über Alles” instead of anthem of the Austrian Empire. [30]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

After Alois' sudden death of January 3, 1903, Hitler's achievements at the school deteriorated.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

His mother allowed Hitler to quit school in the fall of 1905. [31]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He attended school at the Realschule in Steyr in September 1904; his behavior and achievements improved. [32]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In the fall of 1905, after passing the aftershock exam and final exam, Hitler quit school without any desire to continue school or foster a career. [33]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Adolescence in Vienna and Munich Since 1905, Hitler lived a life of bohemia in Vienna funded by orphan allowances and assistance from his mother.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He worked as an ordinary labourer, then a painter selling watercolor paintings.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The Vienna Academy of Fine Arts twice rejected Hitler, namely in 1907 and 1908, for being “not suitable for painting”.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The director of the academy suggested that Hitler study architecture, [34] but he did not meet academic requirements. [35]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On December 21, 1907, his mother passed away at the age of 47.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

After being denied the Academy a second time, Hitler ran out of money.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In 1909, he lived in a homeless shelter, and in 1910, he settled in a poor working house on Meldemannstraße. [36]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

When Hitler lived there, Vienna was a place full of religious prejudice and racism. [37]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Fears that Vienna would be filled with immigrants from the East were widespread, and its populist mayor, Karl Lueger, exploited the rhetoric of antisemitism for his political benefit.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Georg Schönerer's pan-Germanic antisemitism gained strong support in the Mariahilf district, where Hitler lived. [38]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler read local newspapers, such as the Deutsches Volksblatt, which pored over prejudice and burned the fears of Christians who feared being expelled by flooding Jews from the east. [39]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Rejecting what he called the “Germanophobia” of Catholicism, he began to like Martin Luther. [40]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The origin and when Hitler demonstrated his antisemitism is difficult to trace. [41]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler mentioned in Mein Kampf that turning into an antisemite in Vienna. [42]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

His best friend, August Kubizek, confessed that Hilter was an “official antisemite” before leaving Linz. [43]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Kubizek's testimony was opposed by historian Brigitte Hamann, who wrote that Kubizek was the only person to say that the young Hitler was an antisemite. [44]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hamann also wrote that there had not been any antisemitic statements coming out of Hitler's mouth in those days. [45]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Historian Ian Kershaw argues that if Hitler had ever said that way, his words were unknown because antisemitism in Vienna was commonplace at the time. [46]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Numerous sources provide strong evidence that Hitler had Jewish friends at his inn and other places in Vienna. [47] [48] Historian Richard J. Evans states that “historians now agree that his notorious anti-Semitism only emerged after Germany's defeat [in the War] World I], as a side effect of the paranoid 'betrayal' answer to these events”. [49]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler inherited the latter part of his father's estate in May 1913 and moved to Munich. [50]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Historians believe he pulled out of Vienna to avoid conscription into the Austrian Army. [51]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler later claimed that he did not want to serve in the Habsburg Empire because of the mingling of “races” in the body AD. [50]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

After he was declared unfit to dinary—for failing a physical test in Salzburg dated 5 February 1914—he went home to Munich. [52]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

World War I When World War I broke out, Hitler was a resident of Munich and volunteered to serve in the Bayern Army as an Austrian citizen. [53]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Stationed in the Bayern Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (1st Regimental Group), [54] [53] Hitler played a news dispatcher on the Western Front in France and Belgium, [55] spent almost half his time behind the front lines. [56] [57] He was involved in the First Battle of Ypres, the Battle of the Somme , the Battle of Arras, and the Battle of Passchendaele, and was briefly wounded at the Somme. [58]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He was given the award of the Iron Cross, Second Class, in 1914 for his bravery. [58]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

As suggested by Hugo Gutmann, Hitler received the Iron Cross, First Class, on 4 August 1918, [59] an award rarely pinned on someone of such rank as Hitler (Gefreiter).


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler's work at regimental headquarters, which was to fully interact with senior officers, probably helped him earn this award. [60]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Although the action is considered brave, it still cannot be called very commendable. [61]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler also received the Black Wound Badge on 18 May 1918. [62]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

During his service at headquarters, Hitler developed his art talents by drawing cartoons and instruction for army newspapers.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

At the Battle of the Somme in October 1916, he was wounded in the thigh [63] or left calf by a grenade that exploded in the news sending trench. [64]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler spent nearly two months in the Red Cross hospital in Beelitz, then returned to his regiment on 5 March 1917. [65]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On October 15, 1918, Hitler was temporarily blind due to a mustard gas attack and was forced to be treated at Pasewalk hospital. [66]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

There, Hitler learned of Germany's defeat, [67] and upon obtaining the news, he claimed to be blind again. [68]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler became irritated that the German war effort failed and so the development of his ideology slowly took shape. [69]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He called World War I the “greatest experience of a lifetime” and he was praised by his commanders for his bravery. [70]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

This experience strengthened his patriotism towards Germany and he was taken aback by the German surrender in November 1918. [71]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Like other German nationalists, he believed in Dolchstoßlegende (legend of treason) claiming that the “invincible in the field” German Army had been “stabbed from behind” on the domestic front by leaders of civilians and Marxists, who later dubbed “the November Criminals”. [72]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The Treaty of Versailles stressed that Germany should return a certain amount of occupied territory and demilitarize the Rhineland.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The treaty imposed economic sanctions and heavy reparations on Germany.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Many Germans viewed this treaties—particularly Article 231 which called Germany responsible for all the consequences of the war—as an attempt to humiliate Germany. [73]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The Treaty of Versailles and the economic, social, and political conditions in postwar Germany were later exploited by Hitler for his political benefit. [74]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The political scene After World War I, Hitler went home to Munich. [75]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Without formal education and career prospects, he tried to stay in AD for as long as possible. [76]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In July 1919, he was appointed Verbindungsmann (intelligence agent) for an Aufklärungskommando (spy command) belonging to the Reichswehr to influence other armies and infiltrate the German Workers' Party (DAP).


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

While overseeing the activities of the DAP, Hitler became interested in the thinking of the party's founder, Anton Drexler, who was antisemitic, nationalist, anticapitalist, and anti-Marxist. [77]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Drexler favored strong active government, a non-Jewish version of socialism, and solidarity among the populace.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Fascinated by Hitler's oratorical abilities, Drexler invited him to join the DAP.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler accepted the offer on 12 September 1919 [78] and became the 55th member of the party. [79]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

At the DAP, Hitler met Dietrich Eckart, one of the party's founders and a member of the secret group Thule Society. [80]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Eckart became Hitler's teacher, briefly exchanged thoughts with him and introduced him to various Munich public figures. [81]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In order to increase its appeal, the DAP changed its name to Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers' Party— NSDAP). [82]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler designed a swastika flag inside a white circle on a red background for this party. [83]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler quit AD in March 1920 and began working fully for the NSDAP.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In February 1921—when he was able to make a speech before a large crowd—he made a speech before 6,000 people in Munich. [84]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

To publicize the meeting, two trucks of party supporters toured the city hoisting swastika flags and spreading brochures.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler's popularity soon rose due to his raucous polemical speeches against the Treaty of Versailles, political competitors, and Marxists and Jews. [85]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

At that time, the NSDAP was headquartered in Munich, fertile ground for antigovernment German nationalists who wanted to crush Marxism and harass the Weimar Republic. [86]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In June 1921, as Hitler and Eckart were on a fundraising trip to Berlin, an uprising broke out inside the NSDAP body in Munich.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

A number of executive committee members, some of whom considered Hitler too arrogant, wanted to join their competitor, the Socialist Party of Germany (DSP). [87]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler went home to Munich on 11 July and confirmed his resignation.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Committee members later realized Hitler's resignation meant the party disbanded. [88]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler announced he would rejoin on the condition that he replace Drexler as party chairman and party headquarters should remain in Munich. [89]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The committee agreed; Hitler rejoined the party as its 3,680th member.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He still received a certain amount of opposition within the NSDAP: Hermann Esser and his allies published 3,000 pamphlets attacking Hitler as a traitor to the party. [89] [lower-alpha 1] In the days that followed, Hitler spoke before a crowd defending himself and received an outward welcome ordinary.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

His strategy proved successful: at a general meeting of members, he was given absolute power as party chairman by one vote against. [90]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler's spirited speeches in the beer hall began to attract loyal listeners.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He began to get used to wearing populist themes targeted at his audience, including the wearing of scapegoats that could be blamed for the economic hardships of his audience. [91] [92] [93] Historians note the hypnotic impact of his words on large crowds, and his eye towards small crowds.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Kessel wrote, “Incredibly... German citizens speak with mystification of Hitler's' hypnotic 'charm.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The word came up again and again; Hitler was said to have managed to amaze the nation, bringing them into a trance where they could not break away. “[94]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Historian Hugh Trevor-Roper describes “the charm of his views bewitching many still sane people. “[95]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He used his personal magnetism and understanding of crowd psychology to gain prominence when making public speeches. [96] [97] Alfons Heck, a former member of the Hitler Youth, described the reaction to Hitler's speech: “We burn with a nationalist pride that has reached level of hysteria.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

At the last minutes, we shouted as tightly as possible with the patter of tears: Sieg Heil, Sieg Heil, Sieg Heil!


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

From that moment on, myself belonged to the body and soul of Adolf Hitler”. [98]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Although his oratory skills and personality were well received by large crowds and official occasions, a number of people who had met Hitler privately stated that his appearance and behavior failed to give him enduring charm. [99] [100] His first followers included Rudolf Hess, former AU pilot Hermann Göring, and AD captain Ernst Röhm.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Röhm became head of the Nazi paramilitary organization, the Sturmabteilung (SA, “Invader's Army”), tasked with protecting meetings and often attacking political competitors.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

A critical influence on his thinking in those days was Aufbau Vereinigung, [101] a conspiracy group of White Russian refugees and early National Socialists.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

This group funded by a number of wealthy industrialists such as Henry Ford introduced Hitler to the idea of a Jewish conspiracy that associated international finance with Bolshevism. [102]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler's Bierkeller Putsch enlisted the help of World War I General Erich Ludendorff to stage a coup named the “Bierkeller Putsch”.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The Nazi Party used Italian Fascism as a model of their appearance and policy.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler wanted to emulate Benito Mussolini's “Marches to Rome” (1922) by making his own coup at Bayern, then followed by fighting the rule in Berlin.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler and Ludendorff sought the support of Staatskommissar (state commissioner) Gustav von Kahr, the de facto leader of Bayern.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

However Kahr and Police Chief Hans Ritter von Seisser (Seißer) and Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow wanted to establish a nationalist dictatorship without Hitler's involvement. [103]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler was about to embrace this critical moment in order to gain widespread support from the people. [104]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On 8 November 1923, he and the SA stormed a 3,000-person rally that Kahr organized at the Bürgerbräukeller, a large beer hall in Munich.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler swarmed Kahr's speech and announced that a national revolution had begun and declared the formation of a new government with Ludendorff. [105]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Retreating to a back room, Hitler, with his handgun, demanded and had the support of Kahr, Seisser, and Lossow. [105]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler's forces initially managed to occupy the Reichswehr and the local police headquarters; unfortunately, Kahr and his comrades withdrew their support and neither the AD nor the state police joined Hitler. [106]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The next day, Hitler and his followers marched from the beer hall to the Bayern Ministry of War to overthrow the Bayern government, but the police were successfully disbanded. [107] 16 NSDAP members and 4 policemen were killed in this failed coup. [108]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler fled to Ernst Hanfstaengl's house and according to a number of people he had considered suicide. [109]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He was depressed but calm when he was detained on 11 November 1923 due to high treason. [110]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

His trial began February 1924 before the privileged People's Court in Munich, [111] and Alfred Rosenberg became interim chairman of the NSDAP.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On April 1, Hitler was sentenced to five years in prison in Landsberg Prison. [112]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He was well handled by guards; he was allowed to receive letters from his supporters and regular visits by party colleagues.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The Bayern Supreme Court issued a pardon and Hitler was released from prison on December 20, 1924, contrary to the objections of state prosecutors. [113]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

If counted as a whole, Hitler only languished for one more year in prison. [114]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

At Landsberg, Hitler dictated much of the first volume of Mein Kampf (My Struggle; originally titled Four and a Half Years of Struggle Against Lies, Stupidity, and Cowardice) to his deputy, Rudolf Hess. [114]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The book, dedicated to Thule Society member Dietrich Eckart, is an autobiography as well as an exposure to his ideology.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Mein Kampf was influenced by Madison Grant's The Passing of the Great Race, which Hitler considered “My Gospel”. [115]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The book became the basis for Hitler's plan to transform German society into one based on race.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

A number of sentences in it emphasize genocide. [116]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Published in two volumes of 1925 and 1926, the book sold 228,000 copies between 1925 and 1932.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

One copy was also sold in 1933, Hitler's first year in office. [117]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Rebuilding the NSDAP After Hitler was released from prison, politics in Germany was already poorly competed and the economy improved, thus limiting the chance of Hitler fulfilling his political goals.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

As a result of the failed Bierkeller Putsch, the NSDAP and associated organisations were banned from standing in Bayern.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

During a meeting with Bayern Prime Minister Heinrich Held on 4 January 1925, Hitler agreed to respect the authority of the state: he would only pursue political power through a democratic process.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

This meeting successfully lifted the prohibition against the NSDAP. [118]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

However, Hitler was forbidden to speak before the public, [119] a ban that remained in effect until 1927. [120]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

To advance his political ambitions despite being banned, Hitler appointed Gregor Strasser, Otto Strasser, and Joseph Goebbels to establish and develop the NSDAP in northern Germany.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

A talented strategist, Gregor Strasser, made a more independent political path by emphasizing the socialist elements of this party program. [121]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Stock exchanges in the United States crashed on October 24, 1929.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The impact in Germany was so severe: millions were laid off and a number of major banks went bankrupt.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler and the NSDAP prepared to take advantage of these events in order to gain support for their parties.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

They promised to remove the Treaty of Versailles, strengthen the economy, and provide jobs. [122]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The reign of the Great Depression Brüning Government in Germany provided a political opportunity for Hitler.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Germany's population is half in favour of half opposing the parliamentary republic, which faces huge pressure from right- and left-wing extremists.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Moderate political parties were unable to stem the tide of extremism, and the 1929 German referendum succeeded in bringing Nazi ideology to the forefront. [124]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The September 1930 general election ended with the breakup of the grand coalition and was replaced by a minority cabinet.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Its chairman, chancellor Heinrich Brüning of the Centre Party, ruled using an emergency edict from president Paul von Hindenburg.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Guidance using decrees would become the new norm and pave the way for authoritarian rule. [125]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The NSDAP rose from obscurity to winner of 18.3% of the vote and 107 parliamentary seats in the 1930 elections, making it the second largest party in parliament. [126]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler was present at the trial of two Reichswehr officers, Lieutenants Richard Scheringer and Hans Ludin, in the fall of 1930.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Both were accused of having membership in the NSDAP which at that time was not allowed for Reichswehr personnel. [127]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The judge argued that the NSDAP was an extremist party, so the defendant's lawyer Hans Frank was forced to call Hitler to testify in court. [128]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On 25 September 1930 Hitler testified that his party only pursued political power through dmeocratic general elections, [129] a testimony that gave him the support of the Reichswehr corps. [130]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Brüning's harsh actions brought little improvement to the economy and were very disastrous. [131]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler took advantage of it by targeting his political messages specifically to people affected by the 1920s inflation and the Great Depression, such as peasants, war veterans, and the middle class. [132]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler formally relinquished his Austrian citizenship on 7 April 1925, but had not yet acquired German citizenship.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Almost 7 years he was a man without a state, unable to occupy public office, and threatened with deportation. [133]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On 25 February 1932, the interior minister of Brunswick, a member of the NSDAP as well, appointed Hitler as caretaker state delegation to the Reichsrat in Berlin.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Therefore, Hitler automatically became a citizen of Brunswick, [134] as well as Germany. [135]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In 1932, Hitler campaigned against von Hindenburg in the presidential election.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The continuity of his candidacy was affirmed by a speech on 27 January 1932 at the Industry Club in Düsseldorf, which gave him the support of most influential industrialists in Germany. [136]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

However Hindenburg was already supported by various nationalist, monarchist, Catholic, and republican parties, and a number of social democrats.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler sported the campaign slogan “Hitler über Deutschland” (“Hitler over Germany”), referring to his political ambitions as well as his campaign using aircraft. [137]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler ranked second in the two rounds of the election with more than 35% of the vote in the last election.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Although he lost, this general election made Hitler a force in German politics. [138]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Appointment as chancellor The absence of effective government forced two influential politicians, Franz von Papen and Alfred Hugenberg, along with a number of other industrialists and business people, to ostracize von Hindenburg.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The signatories forced Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as head of government “free of the parliamentary party”, which would turn into a movement capable of “mesmerizing millions of people”. [139] [140] Hindenburg half-heartedly agreed to appoint Hitler as chancellor after two parliamentary general elections— the months of July and November 1932—did not result in the formation of a majority government.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler would lead a short-aged coalition government formed by the NSDAP and Hugenberg's party, the German National People's Party (DNVP).


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On 30 January 1933, the new cabinet was sworn in in a brief ceremony at Hindenburg's office.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The NSDAP gained three important posts, Hitler becoming Chancellor, Wilhelm Frick Minister of the Interior, and Hermann Göring Minister of Interior for Prussia. [141]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler had previously demanded ministerial posts as an attempt to control the police in most parts of Germany. [142]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Reichstag fires and March elections As chancellor, Hitler tried to fight back against the actions of the NSDAP contenders to create a majority government.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Due to political deadlock, he requested President Hindenburg dissolve the Reichstag again and schedule elections in early March.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On 27 February 1933, the Reichstag building caught fire.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Göring called this a communist plot, as a Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe proved to make things worse inside the burning building. [143]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

At Hitler's request, Hindenburg responded to it by issuing the Reichstag Fire Decree of 28 February, which removed basic rights and allowed detention without trial first.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The activity of the Communist Party of Germany was suppressed and some 4,000 members of the communist party were detained. [144]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Researchers, including William L. Shirer and Alan Bullock, argue that it was the NSDAP itself that started the fire. [145] [146] In addition to political campaigns, the NSDAP engaged in paramilitary violence and the dissemination of anti-communist propaganda days leading up to the election.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On D-day, 6 March 1933, the number of NSDAP votes increased to 43.9% and this party gained the largest number of seats in parliament.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

However, Hitler's party failed to secure an absolute majority, so they had to go into coalition with the DNVP. [147]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Potsdam Day and the Law on Granting Power Dated 21 March 1933, the new Reichstag was formed through an opening ceremony at the Garrison Church in Potsdam.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

This “Potsdam Day” was held to show unity between the Nazi movement and the old Prussian elite and military.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler appeared in a morning coat and kindly greeted President von Hindenburg. [148] [149] In order to achieve complete political control despite failing to obtain an absolute majority in parliament, the Hitler administration asked the draft Ermächtigungsgesetz (Law of Power of Attorney) to undergo voting in this newly formed Reichstag.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

This bill gave Hitler's cabinet full legislative powers for four years and (with a number of exceptions) allowed deviations from the constitution. [150]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The bill needs a two-by-three majority in order for it to be passed.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Without wasting an opportunity, the Nazis put on the terms of the Reichstag Fire Edict to prevent a number of Social Democrat deputies from attending; the Communist Party was officially banned. [151]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On March 23, the Reichstag convened at the Kroll Opera House under a chaotic atmosphere.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

A number of SA members became sentries inside the building, while a large crowd outside who opposed the bill chanted slogans and threats against up-and-coming MPs. [152]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The position of the Central Party, the third largest party in the Reichstag, was absolute.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

After Hitler promised directly to party chairman Ludwig Kaas that President von Hindenburg would retain his veto rights, Kaas announced the Central Party would support the Bill of Power of Attorney.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Finally, the Law on Giving Power was passed by a vote of 441—84; all parties except the Social Democrats voted approvingly.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The Law on Granting Power, alongside the Reichstag Fire Edict, transformed Hitler's government into a legally legitimate de facto dictatorship. [153]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Removal of other restrictions Although it seems like nonsense, I tell you that the National Socialist movement will continue for 1,000 years! ...


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Don't forget how people laughed at me 15 years ago when I said that one day I would lead Germany.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

They now laugh, just as stupidly, as I declare I will continue in power! —Adolf Hitler to a British correspondent in Berlin, June 1934 [154] Having succeeded in full control of the legislative and executive branches of government, Hitler and his political allies began to systematically suppress the remaining political opposition.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The Social Democratic Party was barred from standing and all its assets were confiscated. [155]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

As trade union delegates gathered in Berlin for May Day activity, SA soldiers knocked down union offices across Germany.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On May 2, 1933, all trade unions were forced to disperse and its chiefs were detained; some of them were sent to concentration camps. [156]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The German Labour Front was formed as an organization that fielded all workers, administrators, and company owners, reflecting on the concept of national socialism in the spirit of Hitler's Volksgemeinschaft (German racial community; literally meaning “community of the people”). [157]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In late June, other parties were intimidated into dispersing.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

With the help of the SA, Hitler pressured his coalition partner, Hugenberg, into stepping down.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On 14 July 1933, the NSDAP was declared the only legitimate political party in Germany. [157] [155] The SA's demands for greater political and military power gave rise to unease among the military, industrial, and political leadership.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler responded to it by removing the entire SA leadership in the Night of the Long Knives which was waged from June 30 to July 2, 1934. [158]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler targeted Ernst Röhm and the rest of the SA leadership, along with a number of Hitler's political opponents (such as Gregor Strasser and former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher), who were subsequently mustered, detained, and shot dead. [159]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

As the international community and a number of German communities were shocked by the murder, many in Germany saw Hitler was enforcing order. [160]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On August 2, 1934, President von Hindenburg died.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The day before, the cabinet had passed the “Law of the Supreme State Office of the Reich”. [161]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

This law stated that after Hindenburg died, the office of president would be removed and his powers merged with the powers of the chancellor.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler then became head of state as well as head of government, and was formally named Führer und Reichskanzler (leader and chancellor). [162]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

This law violates the Power of Attorney Act.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Although it allowed Hitler to deviate from the constitution, this Act explicitly prohibited him from breaking through any law relating to the office of president.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In 1932, the constitution was amended to make the president of the Supreme Court, rather than chancellor, as interim president while awaiting a new general election. [163]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

With this law, Hitler removed the last legal alternative that could bring him down from power.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

As head of state, Hitler became Supreme Commander of the armed forces.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The army's usual oath of allegiance was substituted into an oath of allegiance to Hitler instead of the post of supreme commander or state. [164


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On August 19, the merger of the presidency with the chancellorship was approved by 90% of the votes in a plebiscite. [165]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In early 1938, Hitler used defamation tactics to consolidate his military power by impeaching the Blomberg—Fritsch Scandal.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler forced the Minister of War, Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg to resign by showing police reports that Blomberg's new wife had once been involved in prostitution. [166] [167] Army Commander Colonel-General Werner von Fritsch was removed in a similar manner after The Schutzstaffel (SS) made allegations that he engaged in a homosexual relationship. [168]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Both became disliked figures after they objected to Hitler's request that the Wehrmacht be prepared for war by at least 1938. [169]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler took over the post of Commander on Duty Blomberg, so that he could personally control the armed forces.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He replaced the Ministry of War with the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (High Command of the Armed Forces, or OKW), headed by General Wilhelm Keitel.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On the same day, 16 generals were sacked and 44 others were transferred; all were allegedly not pro-Nazi. [170]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In early February 1938, 12 generals were fired. [171]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

After consolidating his political power, Hitler suppressed or removed his opposition through the Gleichschaltung process.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He sought additional public support by pledging to forestall the effects of the Great Depression and the Treaty of Versailles.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Many of Hitler's edicts were based on the Reichstag Fire Edict, as per Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

This edict gives the president the power to take emergency measures to protect the safety and order of the public.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Because of this, Hitler could have come to power under a legitimate military emergency.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The Reichstag twice improved the Law on Granting Power as a formality as all parties other than the Nazis were barred from standing. [172]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Third Reich of Economics and culture In August 1934, Hitler appointed Reichsbank president Hjalmar Schacht as Minister of Economy, and in the following year, as Minister of War Economy Plenipotentiary in charge of preparing the country's economy for war. [173]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Reconstruction and rearmament were funded by Mefo's letter, money printing, and the seizure of assets of people held as enemies of the state, including Jews. [174]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Unemployment declined from six million people in 1932 to one million people in 1936. [175]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler operated one of the largest infrastructure improvement campaigns throughout German history, including the construction of dams, freeways, railroads, and other public works.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Wages were somewhat lower in the mid to late 1930s when compared to wages during the Weimar Republic, while the cost of living rose 25%. [176]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The average working week increased during the switch to a war economy; as of 1939, the average German worked between 47 to 50 hours a week. [177]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler's government sponsored architecture on a large scale.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Albert Speer, best known for implementing Hitler's classical reinterpretation of German culture, was tasked with creating plans for Berlin's architectural renovation. [178]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In 1936, Hitler opened the Summer Olympics in Berlin.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Rearmament and new alliances In a meeting with German military leaders of February 3, 1933, Hitler spoke of “conquest to acquire Lebensraum in the East and his ruthless Germanization” as the main goal of his foreign policy. [179]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In March, Prince Bernhard Wilhelm von Bülow, secretary at the Auswärtiges Amt (Ministry of Foreign Affairs), issued a statement in the form of the main goals of foreign policy: the Anschluss with Austria, the return of Germany's national borders of 1914, rejection of military restrictions The Treaty of Versailles, the return of former German colonies in Africa, and the German zone of influence in Eastern Europe.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler saw the goals Bülow made too simplistic. [180]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In several later speeches, he emphasized the peaceful purpose of his policies and willingness to cooperate with international treaties. [181]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

At the first meeting of his Cabinet in 1933, Hitler prioritized military budgets rather than job creation. [182]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Germany quit the League of Nations and World Disarmament Conference in October 1933. [183]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In March 1935, Hitler announced the expansion of the Wehrmacht to 600,000 members—six times larger than the Treaty of Versailles—including the establishment of an air force (the Luftwaffe) and the expansion of the size of the navy (Kriegsmarine).


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Britain, France, Italy, and the League of Nations condemned the breach of the treaty. [184]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The British-German Sea Treaty (AGNA) of 18 June 1935 permitted an increase in Germany's tonnage to 35% of its AL Great Britain.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler called the signing of AGNA the “happiest day of his life,” believing the treaty signified the beginning of the British-German alliance he predicted at Mein Kampf. [185]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

France and Italy were not included before signing, thus outright ignoring the LBB and rendering the Treaty of Versailles no longer valid. [186]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Germany reoccupied the Rhineland demilitarized zone in March 1936, violating the Treaty of Versailles.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler also sent soldiers to Spain to assist General Franco after receiving a request for help in July 1936.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

At the same time, Hitler continued his efforts to form a British-German alliance. [187]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In August 1936, responding to a growing economic crisis due to rearmament efforts, Hitler asked Göring to enact a Four-Year Plan to prepare Germany for war in the next four years. [188]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

This plan was an all-out struggle between “Judeo-Bolshevism” and German national socialism, which in Hitler's view required rearmament efforts without thinking about economic risks. [189]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Conti Galeazzo Ciano, foreign minister for Benito Mussolini's government, announced the formation of an alliance between Germany and Italy, and on 25 November, Germany signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with Japan.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Britain, China, Italy, and Poland were also invited to join the Anti-Comintern Pact, but only Italy signed it in 1937.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler cancelled his British-German alliance plans and blamed the “ill-fitting” British government. [190]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

At a meeting in the Reichskanzlei with his foreign minister and military leadership that November, Hitler restated his desire to pursue Lebensraum for the German nation.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He ordered preparations for war in the eastern region beginning at least 1938 and not past 1943.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Towards his death, the minutes of the conference recorded as the Hossbach Memorandum were considered his “political statement.” [191]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

He felt the sharp decline in living standards in Germany resulted from an economic crisis that could only be stopped by military aggression against Austria and Czechoslovakia. [192] [193] Hitler wanted swift action before Britain and France took a permanent lead in the arms race. [192]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In early 1938, after the Blomberg—Fritsch Scandal, Hitler took over control of the military—foreign policy instrument, dismissed Neurath as Foreign Minister and appointed himself as Oberster Befehlshaber der Wehrmacht (supreme commander of the armed forces). [188]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

From early 1938 onwards, Hitler implemented foreign policy with war objectives. [194]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

World War II The first diplomatic success of the Alliance with Japan In February 1938, on the advice of the newly appointed Foreign Minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop who was strongly pro-Japanese, Hitler ended the Chinese-German alliance with the Republic of China in order to form an alliance with a more modern and powerful.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler announced his government recognized Manchukuo, Japan's seat state in Manchuria, and withdrew Germany's claim to their former colony in the Pacific that Japan held. [195]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler declared the end of arms shipments to China and repatriated all German officials working in the Chinese Army. [195]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In reply, Chinese General Chiang Kai-shek cancelled all Chinese-German economic agreements, so that Chinese raw materials no longer enter Germany. [196]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Austria and Czechoslovakia On March 12, 1938, Hitler announced the unification of Austria with Nazi Germany in the Anschluss program. [197] [198] Hitler then turned his attention to the ethnic German population in the Sudetenland district of Czechoslovakia. [199]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On 28—29 March 1938, Hitler held a series of secret meetings in Berlin with Konrad Henlein of the Heimfront (Interior Front) of the Sudeten, an ethnic German party in the Sudetenland.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

They agreed that Henlein requested greater autonomy for the Sudeten German population to the Czechoslovak government, thus giving legitimacy for German military action to Czechoslovakia.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In April 1938, Henlein informed Hungary's foreign minister that “whatever the Czech government offers, it will always ask even higher... it wants to sabotage understanding in any sense because this is the only way to break up Czechoslovakia quickly”. [200]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Privately, Hitler considered the Sudeten issue unimportant; his real desire was to wage a war of conquest against Czechoslovakia. [201]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In April, Hitler requested the OKW get ready for Fall Grün (“The Green Case”), the code for the invasion of Czechoslovakia. [202]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Due to diplomatic pressure tubi from France and Britain, on 5 September Czechoslovak President Edvard Beneš launched a “Fourth Plan” for the constitutional reorganization of his country which approved most of Henlein's demand for Sudeten autonomy. [203]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Henlein's Heimfront responded to Beneš's offer with a series of riots against Czechoslovak police and led to the implementation of a military emergency in a number of districts in the Sudeten. [204] [205] Germany was dependent on imported oil; a confrontation with Britain over the Czechoslovak dispute would reduce supply german oil.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler cancelled the Fall Grün originally planned to be implemented on October 1, 1938. [206]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On 29 September, Hitler, Neville Chamberlain, Édouard Daladier, and Benito Mussolini held a one-day conference in Munich and produced the Munich Agreement containing the surrender of the Sudetenland districts to Germany. [207] [208] Chamberlain was satisfied with the Munich conference and called it “peace” for the present”, while Hitler was angered by losing a chance at war in 1938; [209] [210] he expressed his dissatisfaction in a speech dated 9 October in Saarbrücken. [211]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In Hitler's view, this peace that Britain helped, despite fulfilling Germany's demand, was a diplomatic defeat that thwarted his desire to limit Britain's power to pave the way of German expansion eastward. [212] [213] Because of the meeting also Hitler was elected Man of the Year of Time magazine's 1938 version. [214]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In late 1938 and early 1939, the continuing economic crisis due to rearmament forced Hitler to cut massive budgets. [215]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In his “Export or die” speech of 30 January 1939, he called for an economic attack in order to increase Germany's foreign exchange holdings to buy raw materials such as high-quality iron for its military weapons. [215]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On 15 March 1939, in violation of the Munich Agreement and possibly as a result of an economic crisis emphasizing the need for additional assets, [216] Hitler ordered the Wehrmacht to storm Prague and proclaimed Bohemia and Moravia a German protectorate from Prague Castle. [217]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The outbreak of World War II In a private discussion of 1939, Hitler declared Britain to be the main enemy that needed to be defeated and the annihilation of Poland was a necessary prerequisite for the sake of achieving that goal.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The eastern side would be secured and its land included in German Lebensraum. [218]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Offended by the “guarantee” of Polish independence by Britain on 31 March 1939, Hitler said, “I must make a devil's drink for them. “[219]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In a speech in Wilhelmshaven at the launch of the battleship Tirpitz on 1 April, he threatened to cancel the British-German Sea Treaty if Britain continued to guarantee Poland's independence, which he viewed as a policy of “encirclement”. [219]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Poland would become a satellite state of Germany or be neutralized to secure the eastern side of the Reich and prevent a possible blockade of Britain. [220]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler initially chose the idea of a satellite state, but because it was rejected by the Polish government, he decided to invade Poland and made it the main goal of his 1939 foreign policy. [221]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On 3 April, Hitler ordered the military to prepare for Fall Weiss (the “White Case”), that is, the planned raid on Poland on 25 August. [221]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In a speech at the Reichstag of 28 April, Hitler abrogated the British—German Sea Treaty and the German—Polish Non-Aggression Pact.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In August, Hitler informed his generals that his original plan for 1939 was to “... form good relations with Poland for the sake of fighting the West. “[222]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

A number of historians such as William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, and Ian Kershaw argue that the reason for Hitler waging war was that he was afraid of death first. [223] [224] [225] Hitler feared that his military incursion into Poland would create an earlier war on Britain. [220 ] [226] However, Hitler's foreign minister—and former Ambassador to London—Joachim von Ribbentrop guaranteed that neither Britain nor France would honour their commitments to Poland. [227] [228] Because of such a guarantee, on 22 August 1939 Hitler ordered mobilization military to Poland. [229]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

This plan entailed secret assistance from the Soviets [230] and the non-aggression pact (Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact) between Germany and the Soviet Union, headed by Joseph Stalin, including a secret treaty of Polish defection to the two countries. [231]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In response to this newly formed pact—and in contrast to Ribbentrop's prediction that this action would worsen British—Polish relations—Britain and Poland formed a British—Polish alliance on 25 August 1939.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

This maneuver, along with news from Italy that Mussolini would not respect the Pact of Steel, forced Hitler to postpone the invasion into Poland from 25 August to 1 September. [232]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler failed to shift Britain to a neutral position by offering a guarantee of non-aggression to the British Imperium of 25 August; he then instructed Ribbentrop to reveal a last-minute peace plan with a very short time limit in order to blame the war [233] [234] Despite the unease of Britain and Poland. [233] [234] Despite the agitation of Britain, Hitler continued his planned invasion of Poland. [235]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded western Poland on the grounds its claim to the Free City of Danzig and its right to extraterritorial passage across the Polish Corridor was rejected, which Germany had ceded according to the Treaty of Versailles. [236]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In response to this action, Great Britain and France declared war on Germany on September 3, surprising Hitler and forcing him to ask in an angry tone to Ribbentrop, “Now what else?” [237]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

France and Britain immediately acted according to their statement, and on September 17, Soviet forces overran eastern Poland. [238]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Poland will never rise again in the form of the Treaty of Versailles.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

This is guaranteed not only by Germany, but also...


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Russia. [239] —Adolf Hitler, a general speech in Danzig at the end of September 1939 The fall of Poland was followed by what a number of journalists referred to as the “False War” or Sitzkrieg (“sitting war”).


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler instructed two newly appointed northwestern Polish Gauletier, Albert Forster of the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia and Arthur Greiser of Reichsgau Wartheland, to “pander” their area “without question” about how. [240]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

When the Polish population of the Forster area had to sign a statement that they had German blood, [241] Greiser carried out a brutal ethnic cleansing campaign against the Polish population of his area. [240]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Greiser complained Forster allowed thousands of Poles to be accepted as a German “race” so as to threaten Germany's “racial purity.”


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler refused to get involved, [240] for wanting to make him an example of the “work for the Führer” theory: Hitler issued vague instructions and expected all his subordinates to exercise their own policies.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Another dispute arose about the methods of Himmler and Greiser, who voted for ethnic cleansing in Poland, against the methods of Göring and Hans Frank, Governor-General of the territory of the Polish General Government, who wanted to turn Poland into the “rice granary” of the Reich. [242]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On February 12, 1940, this dispute was initially settled through the implementation of the Göring—Frank method, which ended mass expulsions that disrupted economic flows. [242]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

However, on May 15, 1940, Himmler wrote a memo entitled “Thoughts on the Handling of Foreign Populations in the East” proposing the expulsion of the entire Jewish population in Europe to Africa and excommunicating the Polish population into a “leaderless labor class. “[242]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler called Himmler's memo “nice and proper," [242] then implemented the Himmler—Greiser policy in Poland, while ignoring Göring and Frank.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler began to concentrate his military on Germany's western border, and in April 1940, German forces overran Denmark and Norway.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On April 9, Hitler announced the birth of the “Greater German Reich”, which was his vision of an imperium of Germanic nations in a united Europe, where the Dutch, Flandrians, and Scandinavians joined in a “pure-race” government under German leadership. [243]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In May 1940, Germany invaded France, and occupied Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Belgium.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The victory forced Mussolini to bring Italy to join Hitler on 10 June.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

France surrendered on 22 June. [244]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Britain, whose army was forced to leave France by sea from Dunkirk, [245] continued to fight alongside other British colonies at the Battle of the Atlantic.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler offered peace to the new leader of the Exchequer, Winston Churchill, and after being rejected he ordered a bombing raid on Great Britain.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler's planned invasion of Great Britain began with a series of air raids at the Battle of Britain against a number of Royal Air Force (RAF) air bases and radar stations in South-East England.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Unfortunately, the German Luftwaffe was unable to defeat the Royal Air Force. [246]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

At the end of October, Hitler realized that air superiority for the invasion of Britain—Operation Sea Lion—could not be achieved, then he launched night air raids against cities in Britain, including London, Plymouth, and Coventry. [247]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On 27 September 1940, the Three-Party Pact was signed in Berlin by Saburō Kurusu of the Empire of Japan, Hitler, and the Italian foreign minister Ciano, [248] then extending up to Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria, thus strengthening the Axis powers.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler's attempts at integrating the Soviet Union with the anti-British bloc failed after a deadlocked meeting between Hitler and Molotov in Berlin in November, then he asked all parties to prepare for a massive invasion of the Soviet Union. [249]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In spring 1941, military activity in North Africa, the Balkans, and the Middle East diverted Hitler from his plans in the eastern region.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In February, German troops arrived in Libya to reinforce the presence of Italian troops there.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In April, Hitler launched an invasion of Yugoslavia, which was soon followed by an invasion of Greece. [250]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In May, German troops were sent to help Iraqi insurgent forces battle Britain and storm Crete.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On 23 May, Hitler issued Führer Warrant No. 30. [251]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In the run-up to the defeat of June 22, 1941, against the Hitler—Stalin non-aggression pact of 1939, 5.5 million Axis soldiers overran the Soviet Union.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The goal of this large-scale offensive (Operation Barbarossa) was the complete destruction of the Soviet Union and the seizure of all its natural resources for future aggression attempts against Western countries. [252] [253] In this invasion, Germany managed to annex a very large area, including several the Baltic republics, Belarus, and Western Ukraine.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Following the success of the Battle of Smolensk, Hitler ordered the Central Army Group halt its march to Moscow and temporarily diverted his Panzer group north and south to assist in the encirclement of Leningrad and Kiev. [254]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

This decision by Hitler created a major crisis among the top military, as the generals disagreed with the change in the target. [255] [256] The pause taken by Hitler at the end of the summer gave the Red Army the opportunity to mobilize new reserves; historian Russel Stolfi considered this to be one of the main factors leading to the failure of the Moscow offensive, which only resumed in October 1941 and ended in major failure in December. [254]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Four days later, Hitler officially declared war against the United States. [257]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On December 18, 1941, Himmler questioned Hitler, “What needs to be done to the Russian Jews?”


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler replied, “als Partisanen auszurotten” (“exterminate them as partisans”). [258]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Israeli historian Yehuda Bauer commented that the statement could be signs that historians could almost say as a direct order from Hitler to carry out genocide during the Holocaust. [258]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In late 1942, German forces lost the second battle of El Alamein, [259] thwarting Hitler's plans to seize the Suez Canal and the Middle East.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Kelewat convinced of his own military capabilities after his early 1940 victory, Hitler became distrustful of the Army High Command and began to interfere in military and tactical planning with devastating consequences. [260]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In February 1943, Hitler's repeated rejection of their withdrawal from the Battle of Stalingrad resulted in the complete destruction of the 6th Army.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

More than 200,000 Axis soldiers were killed and another 235,000 were taken captive, only 6,000 of whom returned home to Germany after the war. [261]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

After that, there was an absolute defeat at the Battle of Kursk. [262]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler's military opinion began to be vague, and Germany's military and economic position fell as Hitler's health deteriorated.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Kershaw and other historians believe Hitler had Parkinson's disease. [263]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Post the Allied invasion of Sicily of 1943, Mussolini was overthrown by Pietro Badoglio, [264] who surrendered to the Allies.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Throughout 1943 and 1944, the Soviet Union slowly forced Hitler's forces to retreat along the Eastern Front.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On June 6, 1944, Western Allied forces landed in northern France in one of the largest amphibious operations in history, Operation Overlord. [265]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

As a result of a series of major setbacks experienced by the German Army, many of the highers have come to the conclusion that inescapable defeat and miscalculation or rejection of Hitler would bring the war into the country and cause Germany to be completely destroyed. [266]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Between 1939 and 1945, there were many plans to assassinate Hitler, some of which continued to some degree. [267]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

The most famous effort came precisely from Germany itself and was driven by the possibility that Germany would lose the war. [268]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

By July 1944, the 20 July plan, part of Operation Valkyrie, was executed.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Claus von Stauffenberg laid a bomb in one of Hitler's headquarters buildings, the Wolf's Lair in Rastenburg.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Hitler was almost killed because someone accidentally pushed the bomb suitcase behind the legs of a thick conference table.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

When the bomb exploded, the table reflected the blast away from Hitler.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Afterwards, Hitler ordered a cruel revenge that led to the execution of more than 4,900 people. [269]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Defeat and death By the end of 1944, both the Red Army and the Western Allies were storming into Germany.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Knowing the strength and persistence of the Red Army, Hitler decided to use the rest of his reserve army to fight against the armies of the United States and Britain that he considered weaker. [270]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On 16 December, he launched an offensive in the Ardennes to split the Western Allies and possibly convince them to join the Soviets. [271]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

After the attack failed, Hitler dawned on him that Germany would lose the war.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

His last hope of negotiating peace with the United States and Britain was aided by the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt on April 12, 1945; however, in contrast to his expectations, the Allies remained undaunted. [272] [271] Acting with his view that German military failures were in part eliminating its right to stand as a nation, Hitler ordered the destruction of all German industrial infrastructure before it fell into Allied hands. [273]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

Minister of Armaments Albert Speer was trusted to execute this scorched earth plan, but he secretly refused. [273]


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

On 20 April, Hitler's 56th birthday, Hitler made the final journey from the Führerbunker (“Führer protection”) to the surface.


Question: What was the territory of Nazi power in his day?

Adolf Hitler

In the ruined gardens of the Reichskanzlei, he pinned the Iron Cross to a number of Hitler Youth soldiers. [274]