Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

This hemorrhoid is overwhelmed nearby by anoderma and on its far side by the skin, both sensitive to pain and temperature. [4]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Differential Diagnosis Many anorectal problems, including fissures, fistulas, abscesses, colorectal cancer, rectal varicose veins and hives have similar symptoms and can be mistakenly considered hemorrhoids. [3]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Bleeding through the rectum can also occur due to colorectal cancer, colitis including inflammatory bowel disease, diverticular disease, and angiodysplasia. [11]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

If there is anemia, other potential causes should be considered. [5]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Other conditions that cause mass occurrence in the anus include: acrocordone, warts on the anus, rectal prolapse, polyps, and enlargement of the anal papilla. [5]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Anorectal varicose veins due to increased portal hypertension (blood pressure in the portal venous system) may arise resembling hemorrhoids but is a different condition. [5]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Prevention Recommended a number of preventive measures including avoiding straining when defecating, avoiding constipation and diarrhea by eating high fiber foods and drinking plenty of fluids or taking fiber supplements, and exercising enough. [5] [12] It is also recommended to reduce time who are used to try to defecate, avoid reading when on the toilet, [3] also lose weight for overweight people and avoid lifting heavy weights. [13]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Conservative Management Conservative treatment typically consists of nutrition with a high-fiber diet, oral fluid intake to keep the body from becoming dehydrated, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OAINS), a sitting soak, and rest. [3]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

High fiber intake gives good results, [14] and can be achieved by changing the diet or taking fiber supplements. [3] [14] There is not much evidence supporting the benefits of soaking sitting during the treatment period. [15]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

And if this is done, it should be limited to only 15 minutes each time. [4]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Although there are many topical drugs and suppositories to treat hemorrhoids, the benefits of these drugs have not shown any tangible evidence. [3]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Steroid-containing compounds should not be used for more than 14 days as they may cause thinning of the skin. [3]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Most compounds used are combinations of various active substances. [4]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

These combinations typically consist of coating creams such as vaseline or zink oxide, analgesic compounds such as lidocaine, and vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine. [4]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

The benefits of flavonoids with their side effects remain questionable. [4] [16] Symptoms usually disappear at the time of pregnancy; so treatment is followed up after delivery. [17]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Procedure A number of actions can be carried out at the practice


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Although generally safe, serious side effects such as perianal sepsis may also occur. [11]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Ligation of rubber bands is usually suggested as the first treatment for patients with 1 to 3 degrees of disease. [11]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

This represents a procedure where the rubber band is paired to the internal hemorrhoids at least 1cm above the dentata line to inhibit blood supply.


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

After 5—7 days, the drying hemorrhoids will detach.


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

If the rubber band is placed too close to the dentata line, there will be severe pain afterwards. [3]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

The cure rate with this method reaches 87% [3] with the complication rate reaching 3%. [11]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Sclerotherapy involves injecting sclerosis-making substances, such as phenols, into hemorrhoids.


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

This action causes the walls of the venous vessels to deflate so that the hemorrhoids shrivel.


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

The success rate of action after four years is ~ 70% [3] it turns out to be higher than rubber band ligation. [11]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

A number of cauterization methods are quite effective for dealing with hemorrhoids, but they are used only when other methods do not work.


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

This procedure uses elecrocauteria, infrared radiation, laser surgery, [3] or freezing surgery. [18]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Infrared cauterization is an option for degree 1 or 2 disease conditions. [11]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

For those with 3rd or 4th degree disease the rate of recurrence is very high. [11]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Surgery A number of surgical techniques can be performed when conservative treatment and simple procedures fail. [11]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

All surgical treatment involves complications to a certain degree including bleeding, infection, ani stricture and urine retention, caused due to the proximity of the location of the rectum to the nervous system leading to the bladder. [3]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

There is also a possible risk of fecal incontinence (unable to resist defecation), especially in fluid form, [4] [19] with reported rates ranging between 0% and 28%. [20]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Another condition that can arise after the process of removal of hemorrhoids is mucosal ectropion (usually accompanied by anal stenosis). [21]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Here usually the anal mucosa comes out of the anus, a condition milder than rectal prolapse. [21]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Surgical removal of hemorrhoidal excision is a surgical dissection with the cutting of hemorrhoidal tissue, only performed in severe cases. [3]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

It generally causes meaningful postoperative pain and requires 2—4weeks for recovery. [3]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

However, there are long-term benefits in those with grade 3 hemorrhoids compared to rubber band ligation. [22]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

This is a recommended treatment for those suffering from external hemorrhoids due to thrombosis if implemented within 24—72hrs. [7] [11] Glyceryl trinitrate ointment after surgery, can reduce pain and aid healing. [23]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Dearterialization of trans-anal hemorrhoids with doppler guidance, is a minimally invasive treatment using doppler ultrasound to accurately determine the location of arterial blood flow.


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

These arteries are then “tied up” and the prolapsed tissue will return to its normal position.


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Through this procedure the rate of repeated emergence is rather high, but it has a lower complication rate compared to hemorrhoidectomy. [3]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoidectomy with a stapler, also known as hemorrhoidopexy with a stapler, is a procedure that includes removal of abnormally enlarged hemorrhoidal tissue, followed by repositioning the remaining hemorrhoidal tissue to a normal anatomical position.


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

This procedure does not hurt too much and the healing process is faster than with complete removal of hemorrhoids. [3]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

However, the likelihood of symptomatic hemorrhoids to return is greater than with conventional hemorrhoidectomy [24] therefore this procedure is only recommended for 2nd or 3rd degree disease. [11]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Epidemiology It is quite difficult to determine the general extent of the disease as not many patients see a health care provider. [6] [9] However, it is estimated that symptomatic hemorrhoids hit at least 50% of the population in the US at some time in its life and about ~ 5% of population is exposed to this disease every time. [3]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Both genders more or less experience the same incidental conditions [3] with high rates of emergence at the age of 45 and 65 years. [5]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Generally it appears more often in Caucasians [25] and people with high socioeconomic status. [4]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Long-term outcomes were generally good, although a number of people experienced symptomatic episodes that reappeared. [6]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Only a small percentage of patients require back surgery. [4]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

History The first to explain about this pain is an Egyptian papyrus from 1700 years before AD which states: “...


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

You must provide concoction, a liquid that provides exceptional protection; Acacia leaves, mashed, purify and cook together.


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Apply a piece of fine linen cloth there -stick it in the anus, she will heal immediately. “[26]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

In 460 BC, the Hippocratic corpus talked about a treatment similar to modern treatment using rubber band ligation: “And such hemorrhoids can be treated by plugging a needle and tying it with a very thick woolen thread, and not removed until detached and fell, leave it there; when the patient recovers, give him Hellebore plant therapy.” [26] Hemorrhoids are also thought to be described in the Gospel book. [5] [27] Celsus (25 BC — 14 AD) describes the procedure of ligation and excision, and tells of its possible complications. [28]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Galen advocated shutting down arterial vessels to veins, as well as claiming that this method could reduce pain while preventing the spread of gangrene. [28]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

The book of Sushruta Samhita, (4th-5th century AD), is almost the same as spoken by Hippocrates, but puts more emphasis on wound hygiene. [26]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

In the 13th century, surgeons from Europe such as Lanfranc of Milan, Guy de Chauliac, Henri de Mondeville and John of Ardene made great progress and developed surgical techniques. [28]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

The word “hemorrhoid” was first used in English in 1398, which derives from the old French “emorroides”, from Latin “hæmorrhoida -ae”, [29] derived from Greek “αμορος” (haimorrhois), “cause of blood exit”, from “αμα” (haima), “blood" [+] όος” (rhoos), “channel, flow, current”, [31] by itself from “έω” (rheo), “gushing, flowing”. [32]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Famous case Famous baseball player George Brett was ejected from a game in the 1980 World Series for suffering pain from hemorrhoids.


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

After undergoing minor surgery, Brett returned to play in the next game, saying “... my problems are all behind me. “[33]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Brett was again operated on to address his hemorrhoids in the spring of that year. [34]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Conservative political commentator Glenn Beck underwent hemorrhoidal surgery, and further recounted this less-than-pleasant experience of 2008 through a widely viewed video on YouTube. [35]


Question: can Hypertension be lowered by taking watermelon?

Hemorrhoids

Reference Outlinks at Curlie Category:Digestive Diseases Category:Gastroenterology Category:Proctology Category:Rectum


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Perdjuangan Semesta or Perdjuangan Rakjat Semesta abbreviated Permesta is a military movement in Indonesia.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The movement was declared by civil and military leaders of eastern Indonesia on 2 March 1957, namely by Letkol Ventje Sumaual.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

This center is located in Makassar which at that time was the capital of Sulawesi.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Initially the people of Makassar supported this movement.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Slowly, the people of Makassar began to be hostile to the Permesta.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

A year later, in 1958 the headquarters of Permesta was moved to Manado.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Here arise arms contact with central government forces until reaching a ceasefire.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

People in the Manado area at that time were not satisfied with the state of their development.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

At that time the people of Manado also know that they are also entitled to the right to self-determination (self determination) in accordance with a number of decolonization approvals.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Among these were the Linggarjati Agreement, the Renville Agreement and the Round Table Conference containing the decolonisation procedures of the former East Indies territories.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The central government of the Republic of Indonesia declared in Jakarta on 17 August 1945 then used military operations to stop movements leading to independence.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The background of the PRRI Uprising in the west and Permesta in the east fosters a wide variety of reasons.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Mainly that certain ethnic groups in Sulawesi and Central Sumatra at that time felt that the government policies of Jakarta stagnated on the fulfillment of their local economies only, which in turn limited any opportunities for the development of other regional areas. [1]


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

There is also a sense of resentment towards the Javanese tribal group, which is the largest and influential tribe in the recently formed Indonesian unitary state. [2]


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The effect of this conflict slightly implies the mind of secession from the Indonesian state, but rather focuses on a more equitable division of political and economic power in Indonesia. [3]


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The Beginning of the Movement On March 2, 1957 in Makassar, Letkol.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Ventje Susaual proclaimed the founding of the Charter of Struggle of the Universe.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The movement covered almost all regions of Eastern Indonesia as well as gaining support from East Indonesian figures.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

At that time the state of Indonesia was very dangerous and almost the entire government in the region was taken by the military.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

In addition, they also froze all activities of the Indonesian Communist Party, and arrested PKI cadres.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The situation became more precarious when a meeting was held at the University of Permesta building that talked about breaking ties with the central government.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

At 07.00 a meeting was held in the meeting room of the University of Permesta building in Sario, Manado, with political figures, people, and scholars.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

At that time, Captain Wim Najoan, Commander of North and Central Sulawesi Military Regional Command, gave an overview of developments in Sumatra and the decision to establish PRRI.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Subsequently he gave a statement, “Permesta di Sulutteng expressed solidarity and fully supported PRRI's statement.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Therefore, from this time Permesta severed relations with the Government of the Republic of IIndonesia, the Cabinet of Djuanda.”


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

At once the participants of the meeting stood up and greeted him with a sticky, “Long live PRRI!


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Long live Permesta!


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Long live Somba!”


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

After that the meeting was suspended 30 minutes for drafting the text of the disconnect with the center by three men: Major Eddy Gagola, Captain Wim Najoan, and comrades.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

After completing the text of the disconnection with the Central Government, the meeting continued and the text was read to the attendees.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The response of the meeting participants was enthusiastic, with a crowd of them chanting, “Long live Permesta!


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Long live PRRI!


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Long live Somba-Sunaual!”


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Afterwards Major Dolf Runturambi asked the audience, “How, the brothers agree?”


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Unison replied, “Agreed!


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Agree!”


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Back a very crowded atmosphere from the attendees.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

After the meeting, Colonel D. J. Somba as the leader of North and Central Sulawesi Kodam held a meeting in Sario Square, Manado.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

He read the text of the disconnection of the Central Government which contains: “The people of North and Central Sulawesi including the military, soliders on the decision of PRRI and severing relations with the Government of Indonesia.”


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

That day also the Central Government then announced the dismissal with disrespect of Lt. kol H. N. Ventje Sumaual, Major D.J. Somba, and his comrades, from the Army.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

At that time students, students, youth, and ex-KNIL enrolled to become troops in the Permesta War Force.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

For those who have signed up, immediately given a workout in Mapanget.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

In this case, the involvement of the United States is really visible, by bringing in its military advisors.as well as providing some assistance in the form of ammunition, anti-aircraft partners, also assistance to strengthen the Revolutionary War Force (AUREV).


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The United States also brought in a number of aircraft, including: DC-3 Dakota transport aircraft, P-51 Mustang hunter aircraft, Beachcraft, Consolidated PBY Catalina, and B-26 Invader bombers.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

On the other hand also Permesta formed a police body and unit namely, first, the Revolutionary Police.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Second, Permesta Women's Troop (PWP), and third Permesta Yard, a body of intelligence.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Aside from the United States, Permesta also received assistance and support from pro Western allies, such as Taiwan, South Korea, the Philippines, as well as Japan.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

With such great support, Permesta never ran out of supplies when fighting.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

A large number of members of the Permesta Youth Command of North and Central Sulawesi region willingly enrolled themselves to become members of Permesta Youth Command Permesta forces.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Previously their task was to help local governments to deploy energy and funds to launch development in the areas.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

This upheaval also continued and was getting towards the Civil War.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

When it was the Republic of Indonesia, which only stood approximately 10 years after the recognition of sovereignty, was really at the tip of the horn.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The integrity of the Republic of Indonesia is very dangerous especially when in other regions also appeared rebellion against the Indonesian Government, namely PRRI (Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia), DI/TII (Darul Islam/Indonesian Islamic Army) and the Republic of South Maluku.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

In addition, in the governing body of the Republic of Indonesia there are many political upheavals. Especially with the alternation of the cabinet along with the implementation of Liberal Democracy.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

On the other hand, the relationship of Dwi-Tunggal Soekarno and Hatta suffered a rift.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

This occurred as a result of Soekarno's closeness to the Indonesian Communist Party which had always been hostile to Hatta.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Finally with a heavy heart, Hatta resigned from the position as Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia in a critical state atmosphere.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

As a result of Permesta's disconnection with the center, Manado City became very gripping.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Anxiety meghantui every corner of Manado.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Residents seemed unable to calm down for a moment because they were worried about an attack from the Central Government which is expected soon to come to storm the area controlled by Permesta.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Many Manado people were displaced outside the city to avoid the Civil War that seemed to be a reality, On the other hand also support for Permesta was getting greater.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

With the entry of Colonel Alexander Evert Kawilarang after quitting as RI Military Attaché at the Embassy in Washington, D.C., United States, he quit military service, with the Rank of Brigadier General.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Next return to North Sulawesi to join Permesta.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

There he got positions as Commander-in-Chief of the PRRI Revolutionary War Force and Chief of Staff of the APREV (Revolutionary War Force) PRRI, with the rank of Major general and subsequently he became Commander-in-Chief of Permesta.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Taiwanese President Chiang Kai Shek once planned to dispatch 1 regiment of marines and 1 squadron of fighter aircraft to seize Morotai together with Permesta, but Taiwan Foreign Minister Yen Kung Chau opposed the idea. help the Central Government in Jakarta and will probably have reason to intervention. against Taiwan. even so.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Taiwan had previously indeed helped Permesta by sending weaponry and two squadrons of fighter aircraft to Minahasa for the Revolutionary Air Force.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Taiwan's aid was finally smelled by the Central Government.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

In August 1958, the military took over businesses held by Indonesian residents from Taiwan and a number of newspapers, schools were put in order.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Central Government Military Operations through KSAD Major General Nasution conducted an effort to conduct military operations against the position of Permesta in Sulawesi. This operation is called Military Operation IV with the leadership of Letkol Bardosono with details of North Sulawesi targets in Central Sulawesi in the month March 1958.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Palu and Donggala have been captured by APRI (Indonesian War Force) and Troop Mobile Brigade, under the leadership of Captain Frans Garkan.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

It is rumored that the end of March 1958, Permesta got the help of the horde Jan Timbuleng (Justice Defender Troop/KDP) also joined another rebel horde, approximately 300 people from one group (Sambar Njawa) led by Daan Karamoy and Jan Timbuleng's former wife, Len Karamoy as the commander of the army, offered to train a female warrior for Permesta (PWP), and they did a plan to attack Jakarta.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

But in stages. This plan is named Operation Djakarta II.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Operation Plan Djakarta II was as follows: a. recapture the Palu/Donggala area that had been controlled by the central Army, then attacked and occupied Balikpapan.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

b.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The second target is Bali; c. The third target is Pontianak; d. The last target is Jakarta.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

This operation aims to pressure the Central Government to confer with PRRI.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

And on 13 April 1958 aircraft belonging to AUREV attacked Mandai airfield, Makassar, as well as other places such as Ternate, Balikpapan and Donggala and the most fatal attack was the attack on the Hang Tuah Ship which was leaning in Balikpapan port. aforementioned sinking.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

On 18 May 1958 carried out Operation Mena II under the Command of Letkol.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

KKO Huhnholz to seize Morotai airfield to the north of Halmahera.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Soedomo as Chief of Staff ordered to sail to Tiaga Island off Ambon Beach in support of P-51 Mustang and B-26 Aircraft as well as Rapid Motion Troops, Army Forces and Combined Marines.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Then came the attack from Allen Pope using a B-26 Invader Aircraft.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Earlier he had attacked Ambon after flying from Mapanget.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

At once Allen Pope deployed his plane to attack the position of the APRI Troop.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Seeing the danger sign, the crewmen who were inside the ship simultaneously made a countershot.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Almost the entire army that was on board did it.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Start with air parries, assault rifles, automatic rifles, infantry rifles and even pistols.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

On the other hand, help for the Central Government also came from an aviator named Ignatius Dewanto using P-51 kopkit Aircraft.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Dewanto immediately spurned his plane and took off to assist the attacked ALRI motorcade.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

But he did not find the B-26 AUREV.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Ferry Tank (Spare fuel tank) is removed at sea.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Then there was a convoy of comrades attacked by B-26s belonging to his poor AUREV.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Quickly he chased Dewanto then took up a position behind the opponent.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The rocket fired however, many times escaped, was overtaken with the firing of 6 12.7 cannons as the distance was closer, allowing it to be able to hit it greater.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Dewanto believes his shot is on the mark.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Then all the crew members on board saw the plane belonging to the AUREV was on fire and there were two parachutes that fell down, some fell on a tree, and coral injuries.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The two men were Allen Pope and Harry Rantung, Pope was a paid airman from the United States who was on assignments to help Permesta.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The result was a weakening of Permesta's power in the air, causing Apri to easily overrun every Territory that Permesta originally occupied.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Then RPKAD Troops prepared to attack Mapanget but suffered failure and killed Miskan, a Soldier and Sergeant Major Tugiman, After the RPKAD Troop failed then AURI attacked Mapanget with P-51 Mustang Aircraft with the target of firing anti-air canon crews.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Fierce fighting also occurred by the crew of anti-air canons, Permesta continued to fire on AURI troops continuously.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

In fact, from merka there are those who bounce but do not suffer wounds, then again hold their anti-air canons maisng each and finally this attack again did not come to fruition.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The anti-air canons of Permesta became Heroes for successfully repelling every attack that always came. Previously, they also had time to bring down three planes belonging to AURI.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

AURI also recognized the superiority of Permesta air defense which they value the most difficult during military operations.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Most of them are ex-KNIL troops so they are highly trained despite their age many are old, but thanks to the experience they have they can do much.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Meanwhile, the Governor of Sulawesi, Andi Pangerang declared a freeze on all activities related to Permesta and then the United States withdrew all its aid to Permesta.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Because of the embarrassment of the Central Government after the plane that Pope was piloting crashed, unloading all American aid to Permesta.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Before the plane crashed, the United States very insistently stated that it was in no way involved with PRRI nor Permesta.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

As quoted by John Foster Dulles, “What happens in Sumatra is Indonesian domestic affairs.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The US does not interfere in the internal affairs of other Countries.”


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Later, Eisenhower as President of the United States, held a press conference related to the events that occurred in Sumatra and Sulawesi and the discovery of several US-made weapons.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The content of the press conference was, “The weapons found by ABRI are weapons that can easily be found on the world's black market.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

In addition, it is customary where there are conflicts will definitely be found mercenaries.”


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

But the allegations that the United States is involved here are increasingly evident, after Pope's body was searched and there were several identities about him, such as a certificate allowing Pope to enter all U.S. military facilities in Philpina.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Also there is an officer's club card at that base.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

This makes America completely lose face in the world. Even all the books that tell the CIA lunge always cornered America.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

To grab the heart of President Soekarno, the Americans offered arms assistance and willing to import rice to Indonesia at a cost of rupiah, besides it was very forced, America stopped all its aid to PRRI and Permesta so as to make the two more weakened.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Meanwhile warfare between the central government and Permesta increasingly vociferous mutual control of several places ensued.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

On February 17, 1959 Permesta simultaneously carried out a large attack called Operation Djakarta Special One.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The objective of the attack was. occupying several Srategist cities such as Langowan, Tondano and Amurang-Tumpaan to destroy all enemy infrastructure.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

However, the operation suffered failure although Permesta had occupied several places only for a few hours because the place was successfully captured by APRI and AURI Forces.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Afterwards APRI and AURI forces managed to occupy several places that were previously the strongest bases of Permesta.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Foreign interference During 1957 the American side increased attention that Indonesia would be very fragile under communism due to the increasing influence of the Indonesian Communist Party.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

In January 1958, the Central Intellegence Agency began developing a covert mission support network to PRRI and Permesta rebels.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The CIA supported the Permesta rebels in the form of awarding 15 pieces of B-26 bombers and P-51 Mustang fighters that formed an insurgent air force named Revolutionary Air Force with headquarters at Manado airfield, large quantities of weapons and other equipment, significant funds, plus agents International CIA and mercenaries from Taiwan, the Philippines, and America. [4]


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Feeling emboldened by supplies from the CIA, the rebels began a series of airstrikes in central government-held Sulawesi and Maluku.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The cities were bombed by CIA-piloted rebel aircraft, including Balikpapan, Makassar, and Ambon.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

On 15 May 1958, rebel aircraft bombed the Ambon market, killing a large number of civilians attending Jesus' ascension day on Sunday.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

In response to attacks by the rebels, President Sukarno ordered the Indonesian military to crush the rebellion of the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia-Permesta.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

A number of raids by the Republic of Indonesia Air Force in Manado destroyed B-26 aircraft.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Meanwhile, one of them was shot down on 18 May 1958 by Indonesian pilots over the Ambon Islands.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The B-26 pilot, American CIA agent Allen Pope, was caught alive, which highlighted the CIA's deeper involvement in the insurgency.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Consequently the CIA started withdrawing its support on the insurgency.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Pope had attempted to confess and be sentenced to death in Jakarta, before being released at a later date.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

After removing the Revolutionary Air Force rebels, the central government army launched an amphibious and airborne assault on the heart of the Manado rebellion named Operation Merdeka.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The Indonesian army quickly ejected the rebels from Manado, after they held out a guerrilla defense around the Tondano Lake area.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

In any case, the central government began a successful campaign offering amnesty to those who surrendered voluntarily.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The rebels who had kinship and friendliness with many central government soldiers began to surrender.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The last Permesta warrior surrendered and declared his oath of allegiance to the central government in 1961.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Back to NKRI In 1960 Permesta expressed its willingness to confer with the central government.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

The negotiations were held by Permesta represented by the Commander-in-Chief of the War Force Permesta, Major General Alex Evert Kawilarang and the central government represented by Chief of Army Staff Nicolas Bondan.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

From these negotiations, an agreement was reached that Permesta forces would help the military to jointly confront the Communists in Java.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

In 1961 the Central Government through Presidential Election 322/1961 gave amnesty and abolition for anyone involved with PRRI and Permesta but not for that alone for DI/TII members both in West Java, Aceh, Central Java, South Kalimantan and South Sulawesi also entitled to receive it.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

After the decision came out, many Permesta members came out of the forests for amnesty and abolition.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Such as Colonel D.J. Somba, Major General A. E. Kawilarang, Colonel Dolf Runturambi, Colonel Petit Muharto Kartodirdjo, and Colonel Ventje Sumaual along with their troops became the final group to come out of the forests to obtain amnesty and abolition.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

In that year too Permesta was declared dispersed.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Outlink Reading (in English) (in English) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was Permesta formed?

permesta

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. (in English) Footnotes Category:Indonesian History Category:War Engaging Indonesia


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Baratayuda, is a term used in Indonesia to call the great war in Kurukshetra between Pandavas families against Korawa.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

This war is the climax of the story of the Mahabharata, which is a famous wiracarita from India.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

The term Baratayuda comes from the word Bharatayuddha (Bharata War), which is the title of an Old Javanese language kakawin script written in 1157 by Mpu Sedah on the orders of Maharaja Jayabhaya, king of Kadiri Kingdom.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Actually the book baratayuda written during Kediri was for the symbolism of the state of civil war between Kediri Kingdom and Jenggala same descendants of King Erlangga.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

The state of the civil war was described as if written in the Book of Mahabarata by Vyasa, namely the war between the Pandavas and Kurawa who was actually also the descendant of Vyasa the author of the Story of Kakawin Bharatayuddha was later adapted into New Java with the title Serat Bratayuda by the pujangga Yasadipura I in the time of Kasunanan Surakarta.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

In Yogyakarta, Baratayuda's story was rewritten under the title Serat Purwakandha during the reign of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana V. Its writing began on 29 October 1847 to 30 July 1848.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Because Warfare is the same as the original version, the Mahabharata version, the Baratayuda war was the culmination of dispute between the Pandavas families led by Puntadewa (or Judistira) against their cousins, namely the Korawans led by Duryudana.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

But the version of the puppetry calls Baratayuda war as an event that has been established by the gods.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

That said, before the Pandavas and Korawa were born, this war was already set to happen.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

In addition, Padang Kurusetra as a battleground according to the wayangan is not located in India, but is located in Java, precisely in the Dieng plateau.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

In other words, the story of the Mahabharata according to Javanese tradition is considered to occur on the island of Java.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

The spawn of strife between the Pandavas and Korawa began since their parents were both young.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Pandu, the father of the Pandavas one day brought home three daughters from three countries, named Kunti, Gendari, and Madrim.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

One of them was dedicated to Dretarastra, his blind brother.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Dretarastra decided to choose Gendari, why did Gendari choose?


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Because once again Dretarastra was blind, he could not see anything, so when he chose the three daughters who lifted one by one, it was chosen Gendari who had the heaviest weight, so Dretarastra thought that later Gendari would have many children, just like Dretarastra dream.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

This made the princess of the Plasajenar Kingdom offended and embittered.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Gendari felt he was nothing more than a trophy rotation.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

He also swore that his descendants would become sworn enemies of the children of Pandu.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Gendari and his sister, named Sengkuni, educate his children of one hundred people to always be hostile to Pandu's children.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

When Pandu died, his children suffered more and more. Their lives were always targeted by their cousins, the Korawans.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

The later stories are not much different from the Mahabharata version, among others, the attempted assassination of the Pandavas in a burning palace, until the seizure of the Kingdom of Amarta through a game of dice.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

As a result of the defeat in the gambling, the Pandavas had to serve a sentence of exile in the Kamiyaka Forest for 12 years, coupled with a year disguised as commoners in the Wirata Kingdom.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

But after the sentence period expired, the Korawans refused to restore the rights of the Pandavas.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Actually Yudhistira (eldest brother of Pandhawa), wanted only 5 villages to be returned to pandhawa.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Not intact one Amarta demanded, but Korawa was not willing to give a single piece of land to the pandhawa.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Finally the decision was taken through the unavoidable Baratayuda war.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

The Book of Jitapsara In Javanese puppetry is known for the existence of a book that is not contained in the Mahabharata version.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

The book is named Jitabsara or Jitapsara, which contains more or less scenarios (Jw.: pakem) of the course of warfare in Baratayuda, including the order of anyone who would become a victim.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

This book was written by Batara Sifting, as a record of what was discussed by Batara Guru, king of kahyangan, with Batara Narada regarding the scenario earlier.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Kresna, the king of the Dwarawati Kingdom who became an advisor to the Pandavas, managed to steal the hearing of the talk and writing of the book by posing as a white bee (Jw: White Klanceng).


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

When arriving at the part of Prabu Baladewa confronted with Antareja, Klanceng White then spilled the ink used, so that part or chapter was void written.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

White Klanceng then transforms into Sukma Specara, which is the subtle form (sukma) of Batara Kresna.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Sukma Wicara protested in the face of Prabu Baladewa, who was Prabu Kresna's older brother, with Antareja, son of Bimasena; because Baladewa would surely lose to Antareja.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

In addition, Sukma Wicara asked that it be allowed to have the Book of Jitapsara.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Batara Guru releases the book of Jitapsara to belong to Kresna, provided that he always maintains the confidentiality of its contents, and is willing to exchange it with Kembang Wijayakusuma, which is Kresna's heirloom flower that can be used to bring the dead to life.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

In addition, Batara Guru also asked Kresna to arrange the settlement of Baladewa and Antareja.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Kresna countered him.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

From then on Kresna lost his ability to bring the dead to life, but he knew for sure anyone who would fall in Baratayuda according to the contents of the Book of Jitapsara which had been destined by the gods.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Later, Kresna would also ask Baladewa to recluse in Grojogan Sewu during the Baratayuda war, and ask for Antareja's willingness to return to the immortal realm, so that the battle between the two knights did not take place. [1]


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Rules of Warfare The course of the Baratayuda war is slightly different from the Mahabharata version of the war.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

According to the Javanese version, the battle is arranged so that only certain designated figures only advance the war, whereas others wait their turn to advance.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

For example, when in the Mahabharata version, Duryodhana often meets and engages in battle against Bimasena, then in the puppet they only meet once, that is, on the last day where Duryudana was killed at the hands of Bima.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

In the Pandavas who is in charge of organizing the war scheme is Kresna.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

He has the right to decide who should go forward, and who should retreat. Meanwhile on Korawa's side everything is governed by Duryudana's advisers namely Bisma, Durna and Salya.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

The division of the chapter below presented the division of the story of Baratayuda according to the Javanese version.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Round 1: Jabelan (Kresna Duta) Round 2: Brawl (Bisma Autumn) Round 3: Bed/Renyuhan (Abhimanyu Autumn) Round 4: Overlay (Jayadrata/Burisrawa Lena) Round 5: Paluhan (Bogadenta Autumn) Round 6: Suluhan (Gatotkaca Autumn) Round 7: Jambakan (Durna/Dursasana Autumn) Round 8: Tandhingan (Karna Autumn) Chapter 9: Rubuhan (Salya/Duryudana Autumn) Round 10: Landak (Aswatama Nglandak/Parikesit Birth) The course of the battle Because the story of Baratayuda spread in Indonesia is influenced by the story of inserts not contained in the original book, there may be many differences according to the region respectively.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Nonetheless, the gist of the tale is the same.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

The first half was narrated, Bharatayuddha began with the appointment of the grand senapati or the leadership of the war of both sides.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

The Pandavas raised Resi Seta as the war leader with chaperones in the right wing of North Arya and left wing Arya Wratsangka.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

All three were reputed for their toughness and came from the Wirata Kingdom which supported the Pandavas.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

The Pandavas used Brajatikswa war schemes meaning sharp weapons.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

While on the side Kurawa raised Bisma (Resi Bisma) as the leader of the war with companion Reverend Drona and prabu Salya, king of the kingdom of Mandaraka who supported Korawa.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Bisma uses the Wukirjaladri trick which means “mountain of the ocean.”


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

The Korawa army attacked like a rolling wave of ocean, while the Pandavas forces led by Resi Seta attacked violently like weapons stabbing directly into the center of death.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Meanwhile Rukmarata, son of Prabu Salya comes to Kurukshetra to watch the course of the war.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Although not a member of the war army, and outside the battle line, he has broken the rules of war, intending to kill Resi Seta, the Pandavas War Leader.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Rukmarata archery Resi Seta but his arrow did not hurt the target.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

After seeing who was archery, a young prince who was in the carriage outside the battle line, Resi Seta then urged the opposing forces towards Rukmarata.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

After Rukmarata's chariot was in the midst of the battle, Resi Seta immediately hit with the mace (beater) Kyai Pecatlives, until it was smashed into pieces.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Rukmarata, the son of the crown of Mandaraka was killed instantly.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

In the war the Northern Aryans fell at the hands of Prabu Salya while Arya Wratsangka was killed by Reverend Drona.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Bisma armed with Aji Nagakruraya, Aji Dahana, Naracabala bow, Arrow kyai Cundarawa, as well as Kyai Salukat weapons face off against Resi Seta armed with Kyai Lukitapati, the introduction to death for those who approach him.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

The battle of the two was told to be very balanced and exciting, until finally Bisma could kill Resi Seta.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Bharatayuddha first half ended with the joy of the Korawa side due to the death of the Pandavas war leadership.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Second Half After Resi Seta fell, the Pandavas then appointed Drestadyumna (Trustajumena) as their war leader in the Bharatayuddha war.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Meanwhile, Bisma remained the leader of the Korawa war.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

In this round the two camps fought with the same trick, namely Garudanglayang (Garuda fly).


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

In this battle two Korawa members, Wikataboma and his twin, Bomawikata, were killed after the heads of both were pitted by Bima.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Meanwhile several of Korawa's allied kings were also killed in this round.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Among them Prabu Sumarma, king of Trigartapura killed by Bima, Pabu Dirgantara killed by Arya Satyaki, Pabu Dirgandana killed at the hands of Arya Sangasanga (son of Setyaki), Pabu Dirgasara and Surasudirga killed at the hands of Gatotkaca, and Pabu Malawapati, king of Malawa killed by Hrudadali arrow belonging to Arjuna.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Bisma after seeing the commander of his army fall, then advanced to the field of battle, urging forward the opponent.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

On Kresna's instructions, the Pandavas then sent Goddess Wara Srikandi to advance to face Bisma.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

With the appearance of the female warrior on the field of battle faced Bisma.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Bisma felt that it was time for death to pick him up, according to the curse of Goddess Amba who died at Bisma's hands.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Bisma deciduous with Arjuna's Hrudadali crossbow released by his wife, Srikandi.


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Quotes from Kakawin Bharatayuddha The excerpt below differs the atmosphere of war in Kurukshetra, which is after the Pandavas led by King Drupada composed a line named “Garuda” which was very great for the Korawa army...


Question: where does the wiracarita of Mahabharata come from?

Baratayuda

Reference See also War in Kurukshetra Kakawin Bharatayuddha Category:Mahabharata


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

Main Page Dota 2 is a multiplayer online fighting arena game, and is the sequel to the Defense of the Ancients mod on Warcraft 3: Reign of Chaos and Warcraft 3: The Frozen Throne.


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

DotA 2 developed by Valve Corporation, published July 2013 dota 2 can be played for free on Microsoft Windows, OS X and Linux operating systems.


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

Dota 2 can be played exclusively through valve's official distributor, Steam.


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

Dota 2 is played by 2 teams of 5 players, each team has a base in the corner of the map, each base has one building named “Ancient”, where the team must try to destroy the opposing team's “Ancient” in order to win the game.


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

Each player can control only one “Hero” character who focuses on raising levels, collecting gold, buying items and battling opposing teams to win.


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

Development of Dota 2 began since 2009.


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

When the developer of the DotA mod, Icefrog, was hired by Valve as lead designer.


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

Dota 2 was praised by critics for its gameplay, build quality and fidelity to the gameplay of the predecessor (DotA mod Warcraft 3), but Dota 2 also reaped criticism as a hard-to-learn game and unfriendly players.Until mid-2017 Dota 2 became a game that had activity the most players on Steam, with a stake of 800,000 concurrent online players every day.


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

But it has been followed by PUBG (Player unknown's battle ground) game which has up to 1 million player activities every day Introduction Gameplay Dota 2 pits 2 teams containing 5 players each, the left team is called “Radiant” and the right team called “Dire, where both have the main headquarters called Ancient and the first team to successfully destroy the opponent's Ancient is the winner.


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

There are 3 roads or lanes (called 'lanes') namely offlane (toplane for radiant and bottom lane for dire) midlane and safe lane (bottom lane for radiant and top lane for dire) connecting both the Ancient and the troop ('creeps') which spawn or appear periodically every 30 seconds in those paths, Each 'lane' has 3 towers that will attack the hero or creeps near it (called 'tower').


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

In the last tower there are 2 barracks namely melee barracks and ranged barracks.


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

When melee barracks or ranged barracks are destroyed, then enemy creeps will grow stronger (called 'super melee creeps or super ranged creeps', and will become 'mega creeps' when both barracks from all three lanes have been destroyed), fighting with opposing 'creeps' along the battle towards Ancient opponent.


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

In addition to the creeps in the lane, to increase the experience to level up and collect gold, some players can also 'farm' or 'creep' in the forest by killing natural creeps or ancient creeps.


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

To gain immortality (a chance to live one more time when killed) by using the immortal aegis, the player must be able to defeat roshan, a jungle monster located in a trench path that has extremely powerful armor.


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

In the trench path there are also runes (such as double damage, haste, bounty, invisible and arcane), which appear periodically every 2 minutes.


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

Each player can control a unit/character called 'Hero' selected at the start of the game.


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

There are more than 100 Heroes of different types: Strength, Agility and Intelligence.


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

Each Hero has 4 skills (some have more) active and passive.


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

By killing creeps, raising levels, buying items and making strategy decisions, the player will attempt to explore the map to destroy his opponent's Ancient.


Question: What is the game genre Dota?

Dota 2

Hero Strength Earthshaker Sven Tiny Kunkka Beastmaster Dragon Knight Clockwerk Omniknight Huskar Alchemist Brewmaste Treant Protector Io Centaur Warrunner Timbersaw Bristleback Tusk Elder Titan Legion Commander Earth Spirit Phoenix Axe Pudge Sand King Slardar Tidehunter Wraith King Lifestealer Night Stalker Doom Spirit Breaker Lycan Chaos Knight Undying Magnus Abaddon Underlord Agility Anti - Mage Drow Ranger Juggernaut Mirana Morphling Phantom Lancer Vengeful Spirit Riki Sniper Templar Assassin Luna Bounty Hunter Ursa Gyrocopter Lone Druid Dragon Siren Troll Warlord Bucket Spirit Arc Warden Bloodseeker Shadow Fiend Razor Venomancer Faceless Void Phantom Assassin Viper Clinkz Broodmother Weaver Spectre Meepo Nyx Assassin Slark Medusa Terrorblade Monkey King Pangolier Intelligence Crystal Maiden Puck Strom Spirit Windranger Zeus Lina Shaman Tinker Nature's Prophet Enchantress Jakiro Chen Silencer Ogre Magi Rubick Disruptor Keeper of The Light Skywrath Mage Oracle Techies Bane Lich Lion Witch Doctor Enigma Necrophos Warlock Queen of Pain Death Prophet Pugna Dazzle Lesrach Dark Seer Batrider Ancient Apparition Invoker Outworld Devourer Shadow Demon Visage Winter Wyvern Rubick Dark Willow Grimstroke See also Defense of the Ancients Reference Category:Computer games Category:Warcraft


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Hulk, is a fictional super hero figure existing on Marvel Comics.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, the figure first appeared in The Incredible Hulk #1 (May 1962).


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

In 2008, Wizard magazine gave Hulk a nickname as the seventh greatest Marvel Comics character [3] Empire Magazine named him as the fourteenth greatest comic character and ranking the five greatest from Marvel. [4]


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

The Hulk was created as a person who had a seditious and emotional alter ego that could transform the physique of a Dr. Bruce Banner.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

The Hulk appears after Banner is accidentally hit by a test blast from a gamma bomb he found.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

After the incident, Banner would transform into the Hulk, portrayed as a giant, humanoid monster, directing Banner's life to be very complicated.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Told by Stan Lee, the Hulk was inspired by a combination of the figures of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and Frankenstein. [5]


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Despite the Hulk and Banner's desire to soak up, the character has a great supporting cast, including Banner's lover Betty Ross, his friend Rick Jones, his cousin She-Hulk, boys Hiro-Kala and Skaar, and co-founders of the superhero team the Avengers.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

However, his unbridled power has led him to conflict with his fellow heroes and others.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Although the coloring of Hulk's skin varies from various publication histories, the most commonly published is his green skin.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

As the Hulk, Banner was able to bring up extraordinary power, in line with the level of anger of this figure.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Strong emotions such as anger, terror and sadness are also the trigger for physical changes Banner into the Hulk.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

An often publicized storyline was between Banner and the Hulk often pursued by the police and armed Forces due to the deployments he had undertaken.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

One of the most iconic characters in popular culture, [6] [7] the character has appeared in a variety of merchandise, such as clothing and collectibles, real-world inspired structures (such as tourist attractions), and has been referenced in a number of media.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Banner and Hulk have been adapted in live-action, animated, and video game incarnations, including the television series The Incredible Hulk (played by Bill Bixby and Lou Ferrigno) and in films by Eric Bana, Edward Norton and Mark Ruffalo.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Bruce Banner's Personality Characteristics Over the decades of publication, Banner has been described differently, but common themes remain.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Banner, a physicist, was sarcastic and apparently very confident when he first appeared in Incredible Hulk #1, but was also emotionally drawn in most modes. [8]


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Banner designed the gamma bomb that caused her suffering, and ironically her own fate has become one of the most persistent common themes. [9]


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Arie Kaplan described his character thus: “Bruce Banner lived in a constant state of panic, always alert that the monsters inside would explode, and therefore he could not form a meaningful bond with anyone. “[10]


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

As a child, Banner's father Brian often enraged and physically abused Banner and his mother, creating a complex of fear, anger, and fear of the anger and destruction he could cause that underpins the character.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Banner is shown to be emotionally repressed, but is able to ingratiate his deep love for Betty Ross, and to solve the problems posed to him.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Under the writing of Paul Jenkins, Banner is shown as a capable escapist, applying reasoning and deductive observation to know the events happening around him.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

The original Hulk Gray Hulk is shown as an average intelligence who wanders around aimlessly and becomes distracted in “weak” humans who lead him for dangerous monsters.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Shortly after becoming the Hulk, his transformation continued to turn him green, coinciding with him beginning to display primitive speech, [11] and by Incredible Hulk #4, radiation treatments gave protection to Banner's body completely from the Hulk's body.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

While Banner enjoys his destruction and power, he is quickly tempered and more aggressive in his Hulk form and as he is known as a hero alongside the Avengers, his increasing paranoid causes him to leave the group, believing he will never be believed. [12]


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Banner's powers and abilities are considered one of the greatest scientific minds on Earth, possessing “a mind so brilliant that it cannot be measured on any known test of intelligence. “[13]


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

He holds expertise in biology, chemistry, engineering, medicine, physiology, and nuclear physics.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Using this knowledge, Banner created an advanced technology dubbed “Bannertech”, which is the equivalent of technological developments from Tony Stark or Doctor Doom.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Some of these technologies include a force field that could protect it from attacks by Hulk-level entities, and teleporters.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Supporting characters During the publication's long history of the Hulk's adventures, many recurring characters have been featured, including his friend and best friend Rick Jones, wife Betty Ross and his father, who often battled General “Thunderbolt” Ross.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Banner and Hulk have families created in their respective persona.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Banner is the son of Brian, an abusive father who killed Banner's mother while she tried to protect his son from his father's delusional attacks, and Jennifer Walters's cousin, She-Hulk, serving as an ally. [14]


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Banner had a newborn child with Betty, while Hulk had two sons with his deceased second wife Caiera Oldstrong, Skaar and Hiro-Kala, and his DNA was used to create a daughter named Lyra with Thundra the warrior woman. [15]


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Reference Outlink at the Marvel Universe wiki at the Comic Book DB Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What power does a hulk figure have?

Hulk

Category:Marvel Characters Category:Characters created by Jack Kirby Category:Characters created by Stan Lee Category:Fictitious figures Category:Comics created by Jack Kirby Category:Comics created by Steve Ditko Category:Comics


Question: What is Mursyid?

Mursyid

The word mursyid comes from the word irsyada, which is to give instructions.


Question: What is Mursyid?

Mursyid

In other words, mursyid means, someone who is an expert in giving teaching especially in the spiritual sphere, in terms of the sufis.


Question: What is Mursyid?

Mursyid

The Murshids (according to the Sufis) are those who are responsible for leading the disciples and guiding the disciple's spiritual journey to reach Allah s.w.t., in an orderly process of tarekat, in the form of a sufiyah tarekat.


Question: What is Mursyid?

Mursyid

The mursyds are considered the inheritors of the Prophet s.a.w. in the field of pentarbiah of the people and the purification of their souls (tazkiyah an-nafs), who receive the permission of irsyad (permission to guide men) from their mursyds before them, for which they also receive irsyad permission from the mursyds before them and so on, until the genealogy of the permission of the irsyad reached the Messenger of Allah s.a.w. (without interruptions).


Question: What is Mursyid?

Mursyid

So at his custom, he was of clerical descent.


Question: What is Mursyid?

Mursyid

The mursyds are responsible for teaching from the angle of zahir (sharia) and meaning (inner).


Question: What is Mursyid?

Mursyid

Among the features of a person who is held mursyid is: Having a clear religious knowledge of Fardu Ain He is a person from the point of building with Allah s.w.t. Got the confession or confirmation of his confession (teacher) who is recognized (not dropped out in order of teaching).


Question: What is Mursyid?

Mursyid

Manhaj tarbiah which is in line with the Qur'an and As-Sunnah guide.


Question: What is Mursyid?

Mursyid

See also Mu`allim Guru Murabbi Category:Teachers


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

The Persian Empire (Persian: امراتوری ایران) was a number of historic empires ruling in the Iranian Plateau, the homeland of origin of the Persian Nation, and its environs including West Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Today, the term Persian often refers to Iran; Persian is used for historical, and cultural issues, and Iran is used for political issues.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

The nation that later self-proclaimed as the Islamic Republic of Iran was dominated by Shi'ah.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

History of Media Empire and Akhemeniyah Empire (3200BC — 330BC) From historical writings, the first Iranian civilization was Proto-Iran, followed by the Elam civilization.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

In the second, and third millennium, the Aryans hijra to Iran, and established Iran's first empire, the Media Empire (728BC-550BC).


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

This empire had become the founding symbol of the nation, as well as the Iranian empire, which was overtaken with the Akhemeniyah Empire (648BC—330BC) founded by Koresh the Great.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

The Great Koresh is also notable as the first government to embody legislation regarding humanitarian rights, inscribed on an artifact known as the Cylinder of Koresh.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

He was also the first government to wear the title of Supreme and also Shah of Iran.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

In his day, slavery was forbidden in his destiny regions (also known as the Persian Empire.)


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

This idea then made a great impact on human civilization after his era.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

The Persian Empire was then ruled by Cambyses for seven years (531BC - 522BC) and his appointment was overtaken with a power struggle.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Eventually Darius the Great (522BC -486BC) prevailed, and was declared king.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

The capital of Persia in the time of Darius was moved to Susa and he began to build Persepolis.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

A canal between the Nile and the Red Sea was also built, making it a forerunner for the construction of the Suez Canal.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

The road system was also refurbished, and a highway was built connecting Susa, and Sardis.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

The highway is known as the Kingdom Road.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

In addition, the shiling currency in the form of daric (gold sheiling) and also shekel (silver sheiling) was introduced to the rest of the world.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Old Persian was also introduced, and published in royal inscriptions.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Under the rule of Koresh the Great, and Darius the Great, the Persian Empire became the largest, and strongest empire in the world of that age.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Its main achievement was the first major empire that practiced tolerance, and respect for other cultures, and religions in its colonies.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

The Empire of Seleucus (330BC ~ 248BC) In 330BC the Empire of Akhemeniyah was invaded by the Greek Kingdom led by one of the generals of Alexander the Great named Seleucus and was born a new Persian government, the Seleucus Empire of Greece.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Seleucus elevated himself to Emperor after Alexander the Great died.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Third Iranian Empire: The Parthian Empire (248BC — 224AD) Ka|JMPL|Parthian Empire of Parthia began with the unifying Arsacida Dynasty, and ruled the Iranian highlands, which also conquered the eastern regions of Greece in the early third century AD, and also Mesopotamia between 150 BC and 224 AD. Parthia was also a sworn enemy of the Romans to the east, and limited the Roman danger in Anatolia.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

The Parthian armies were divided into two equestrian groups, an equestrian army that was shielded, and carried heavy weapons, and a lightly armed equestrian army, and the horse was agile on the move.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Meanwhile, the Roman army was too dependent on infantry, causing the Romans difficult to defeat Parthia.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

However, Parthia lacked techniques in the war of captives, causing them difficult to escort the conquered area.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

It caused both sides to fail to outdo each other.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

The Parthian Empire was upright for five centuries (Ended in 224 AD,) and its last king lost at the hands of its protective empire, the Sassanians.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Fourth Iranian Empire: The Sassanian Empire (226—651) of Ardashir I, the first shah of the Sassanian Empire, began to rebuild the economy, and the Persian military.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

It includes areas of modern-day Iran, Iraq, Syria, Pakistan, Central Asia and the Arab region.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

In the time of Khosrau II (590—628) anyway, the empire expanded to Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, and Lebanon.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

The Sassanians named their empire Erānshahr (or Iranshæhr, “Mastery of the Aryans”.)


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Iran's onward history was followed by a six-hundred-year-long conflict with the Roman Empire.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

According to historians, the Persians lost the al-Qādisiyyah War (632 AD) in Hilla, Iraq.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Rostam Farrokhzād, a Persian general, was criticized for his decision to go to war with Arabs on his own Arab earth.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

The defeat of the Sassanians in Iraq caused their armies no fuckery, and eventually this gave way to Islamic futuhat over Persia.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

The Sassanian era witnessed the rise of Persian civilization, and was the last Persian empire before the arrival of Islam.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

The influence, and Sassanian culture then passed on after the conquest of Islam by the Persians.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Persian Islam and the Persian Age of Islamic Resolation (700—1400) After the conquest of Islam, the Persians began to form an image of Persian Islam, where they preserved the image as Persians but at the same time also as muslims.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

In the 8th century AD, the Parsi gave aid to the Abbassiyads fighting the Umayyad army, as the Banu Umayyads attached only importance to the Arabs, and looked down on the Persians.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

In Abbassiyah times, the Persians began to involve themselves in the administration of the kingdom.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Partly founded its own dynasty.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

In the ninth, and tenth centuries, there were several revivals of Persian ashshobiyyyah that opposed the idea of Arabs as Islam, and Muslims.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

But this awakening does not oppose the identity of an Islamic.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

One of the effects of this revival was the use of Persian as the official language of Iran (to this day.)


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

In this epoch, too, Persian scholars created the Islamic Age of Resolation.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Meanwhile Persia became a pedestal for the spread of science, philosophy, and engineering.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

This later influenced science in Europe, as well as the Renaissance revival.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Beginning in 1220, Parsi was entered by Mongolian soldiers under the leadership of Genghis Khan, followed by Tamerlane, where these two explorers caused severe destruction in Persia.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Shi'ah Islam, Safawi Empire, Qajar/Pahlavi Dynasty and Modern Iran (1501 — 1979) Parsi began to convert to Shia Islam in the time of Safawi, in 1501.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

The Safawi dynasty later became one of the major world rulers, and began to promote the tourism industry in Iran.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Under his rule, Persian architecture flourished again, and witnessed the construction of beautiful monuments.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

The fall of Safawi was interrupted with Persia becoming a field of competition between the powers of the Russian Empire and the British Empire (which wielded the influence of the Qajar Dynasty).


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

However, Iran still preserves its independence, and its territories, making it unique in that area.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

The modernization of Iran that began in the 19th century, aroused the desire to change from the Persians.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

It led to the occurrence of the Persian Constitutional Revolution in 1905 to 1911.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

In 1921, Reza Khan (also known as Reza Shah) took over the throne through a power struggle from the increasingly weak Qajars.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

As a proponent of modernization, Shah Reza began the construction of modern industries, railways, and the establishment of a higher education system in Iran.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Unfortunate, aristocratic attitude, and imbalance of community recovery caused many Iranian people to be dissatisfied.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

In World War II, British, and Soviet Union armies invaded Iran from August 25 to September 17, 1941, to demarcate the Axis Bloc, and derail Iran's oil-extracting infrastructure.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

The Allied Bloc forced the Shah to induct his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to succeed him, in hopes that Mohammad Reza impeached them.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Unfortunately, Shah Mohammad Reza's reign was autocratic.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

With help from America, and Britain, the Shah forwarded the modernization of Iranian Industry, but at the same time destroyed the opposition parties through his intelligence body, SAVAK.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini went into opposition, and an active critic of Shah Mohammad Reza's rule, and he was subsequently imprisoned for eighteen months.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Through the counsel of general Hassan Pakravan, Khomeini was banished abroad, and escorted to Turkey and afterwards to Iraq.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

Bailey Library, Harold (Ed.) “The Cambridge history of Iran”, Cambridge University Press 1993, Cambridge.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

ISBN 0-521-45148-5 Wiesehofer, Josef: Ancient Persia J. E. Curtis and N. Tallis: Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia Pierre Briant: From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire Richard N. Frye: The Heritage of Persia A. T. Olmstead: A History of the Persian Empire Lindsay Allen: The Persian Empire J.M. Cook: The Persian Empire Tom Holland: Persian Fire: The First World Empire and the Battle for the West Amini Sam: Pictorial History of Iran: Ancient Persia Before Islam 15000 B.C.-625 A.D. Timelife Persians: Masters of the Empire (Lost Civilizations) Houchang Nahavandi, The Last Shah of Iran - Fatal Countdown of a Great Patriot betrayed by the Free World, a Great Country whose fault was Success, Aquilion, 2005, ISBN 1-904997-03-1 See also History of Iran Outlinks, by S.G.W. Benjamin, 1891 History of the Great Persian Empire and the Ancient Zoroastrian Religion.


Question: what Persian kingdom is the oldest?

Persian Empire

(Persian) (Persian) (Recommended) (Nearly 1,000 archaeological photographs of Persepolis and Ancient Persia) “Engineering an Empire: The Persians”: Category:Iran


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

International trade of the time of Old Java

Trade is very closely related to the development of the society concerned.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The more complex a society is the more complex the trading ordinances. [1]


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

In the span of the 7th century to the 9th century, a major kingdom in the archipelago that participated in International Trade was the Kingdom of Sriwijaya.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

At that time the Kingdom of Sriwijaya held an important role in Asian trade. [2] [3] The ports of Sriwijaya were frequented by Chinese traders who would sail to the Middle East and India and vice versa.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Meanwhile, the Medang Kingdom centered in the interior of Java has also been visited by foreign traders but has not been included in the main trade route.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Furthermore, in the 10th century to the 14th century was the golden age of trade of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms on the island of Java which is referred to as the ancient Javanese period.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The ancient Javanese period had a wide variety of kingdoms from the time of the Medang Kingdom in the 8th century to the 14th century Majapahit Kingdom period.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

In the span of the 10th to 13th century was a period of trade development in Asia spearheaded the Sung Dynasty in China and the Cola Kingdom in India.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The trade route between the two empires passes through the silk road and the maritime silk road. [4] [5] The maritime silk road passes through Southeast Asia so that the kingdoms in Southeast Asia take part in international trade.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Similarly, the kingdoms on the island of Java.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

It was from this time that Java began to pay attention to international trade.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The trading pattern of Medang Kingdom of Medang (Mataram Kuna Kingdom or Hindu Mataram Kingdom) is one of the major kingdoms that existed in the archipelago.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The kingdom was established in the 7th century in the area of Mataram (now the area is administratively located in Central Java and Yogyakarta) and its center of government moved to the east of the island of Java (administratively the area entered the area of East Java Province) in the 10th century.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Further the center of the kingdoms during ancient Java was in East Java.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The kingdom of Medang emerged on the island of Java having a complex bureaucratic system.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The inscriptions of the Medang Kingdom provide various evidence of the kingdom's efforts to regulate the lives of its people in various fields such as political, religious and economic including mercantile activities.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

At this time, the Medang Kingdom held trade relations with China. It was written in the news of the Tang Dynasty (618-906 AD). [6] [7] The trade relationship between the Medang Kingdom and the Tang Dynasty was very concerned.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

This is manifested by the position of Chinese interpreter, which is an official who takes care of the Chinese people in the Medang Kingdom. [8]


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The result of the relationship with China can be seen from the spread of Tang Dynasty Chinese ceramics around the relic temples of the Medang Kingdom; etak in the interior of Java. [8]


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

This indicates the distribution of imported goods reaching inland.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Trade relations with the territories outside Java Island certainly require adequate means of transportation.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Chinese news shows that since the time of the Medang Kingdom, the Javanese have been sailing to ports in China with their own ships.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The ship reliefs in Borobudur Temple built in the 9th century depict ships sailing at sea with a considerable number of crewmen.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The shape of the ship is very different from that of the Chinese type. [9]


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

At that time, Java Island which is the area of Medang power was also visited by people from South Asia and Southeast Asia mainland to trade such as mpa, Kli, Haryya, Si ha, Gola, Cwalik, Malyal, Karn nake, R man and Kmir. [10]


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Inscriptions indicating the presence of foreign traders in the region of Medang Kingdom namely Prasati Kuti, Kaladi Inscription (909 AD) and Pal Bahan Inscription (927 AD) were found in the area now called East Java.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The evidence above indicates that the Ancient Medang Kingdom had held economic relations with other countries.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

In terms of trade, the Medang Kingdom divided its area into two parts, namely the agrarian center in the interior of Java and the trade center in the eastern area of Java Island.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Agrarian center in the interior of Java When it was still centered in the interior of Java in the 7th to 10th centuries, the Medang Kingdom was an agrarian kingdom that prioritized the safeguarding of domestic governance and granting full freedom to regional rulers. [11]


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Meanwhile the inscriptions issued at this time indicate that economic activity moving from below was dominated by internal trade between villages.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The government of the Medang Kingdom has not developed trade outside the island in a massive way.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Royal income was more widely used in the erection of magnificent religious buildings.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The center of trade in East Java In the 10th century the center of government of the Medang Kingdom moved to East Java.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

After this displacement, the influence of Asian trade developments intensified.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

During the 7th century to the 12th century, the eastern Javanese area especially the northern coast area showed increased trading activity.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

In this period there are very many inscriptions whose contents indicate international trading activities around the Brantas River, especially around the coast. [12]


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The move came at a time when trade in Asia was trying to bounce out of depression. [12]


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Therefore, the Medang Kingdom began to pay attention to trade as an economic aspect.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Causes of the revival of trade in Java Island In broad line, there are two causes of the rise of trade in Java Island, namely the supplement of trade commodities and the decline of Sriwijaya trade.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Supplementing trade commodities In the mid-10th century, Asia was marked by massive trade developments spearheaded by the Sung Dynasty (960-1279 AD) of mainland China and the Cola Kingdom of southern India.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

This development had an effect on major kingdoms in Southeast Asia such as Sriwijaya in Sumatra, Medang Kingdom, Kahuripan Kingdom, Kediri Kingdom to Majapahit Kingdom in Java.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Each has its advantages.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Sriwijaya has the advantage of being able to hold control of international transit trade in the Straits of Malacca and exports from the interior of Sumatra and the Malacca Peninsula.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Meanwhile some kingdoms on the island of Java held control of trade with the Banda Sea in the trade of spices from the Moluccas and sandalwood from Timor. [13]


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

In later times it can be estimated that the main purpose of the arrival of such foreign traders was to search for spices.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

At that time Java began to keep pace with Sriwijaya's strength in trade in Asia although the location of Sriwijaya ports were easier to reach by traders from mainland Asia.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

This is because Java has a more complete supply of goods including spices from eastern regions such as Maluku and Nusa Tenggara Islands.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The book of Ling-wai Tai-ta mentions that She-po has the most complete commodity after Ta-shih (Arabic) while San-fo-tsi (Sriwijaya) is ranked third after She-po (Java). [14]


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The trade of Sriwijaya suffered a decline The trade of the Kingdom of Sriwijaya developed first than the kingdoms in Java especially the Kingdom of Medang.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

This is due to differences in economic structure between the two regions.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The Kingdom of Sriwijaya is a maritime country that pays great attention to economic activity in the coastal area.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Trade policies on a large scale were regulated and determined by the kingdom.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Sriwijaya located in Sumatra is also supported by the existence of rivers that became trade routes at that time.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The rivers are navigable to large ships all the way to the interior of Sumatra and are larger than the rivers in Java. [12]


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

In addition, the location of the capital of the Kingdom of Sriwijaya is close to the coast and is in the watershed of the Musi River.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

This certainly made it easier access from the center to the port area iand made the kingdom easier to control trading activities in the port.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

To control trade activities in the port, the government of the Kingdom of Sriwijaya acted very decisively against the local rulers, especially areas that have ports.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

It was mentioned in several Sriwijaya inscriptions such as the Cretaceous City Inscription 608 Saka (686 AD) and the Karang Brahi Inscription containing a curse directed at the families of vassal kings.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

This was due to the kingdom's source of foreign exchange coming from trade and to ensure it went, the kingdom had to control trade lines and supervise the port as a place for hoarding goods before and after being traded.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

But near the 12th century the control of trade lines and surveillance of the port was not successful anymore and some port areas began to secede from Sriwijaya.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Subordinate regions of Sriwijaya such as Malaya Peninsula and Jambi began to send their own envoys to China. [11]


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

The region of power of the Siriwjaya Kingdom which was split certainly had an effect on the political stability of the kingdom and its economy and caused Java to begin to offset Siriwijaya trade in the archipelago.


Question: when did Indonesia make international trade first?

Trading partners Chinese inscriptions and news data give an idea that before the Majapahit period there had been trade between villages (local), inter-regional (regional) and international. [15]