Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The pandemic early modern of the Black Death in 1348 left its mark on Italy by killing a third of the population. [37] [38] Nevertheless, the depravity of the Black Death actually triggered the rise of cities, trade, and economy that so great stimulated the stages- stages of Humanism and the Renaissance, cultural movements that were both born on this peninsula, and then spread throughout Europe.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In the 14th and 15th centuries, central and hulu-southern Italy were divided into a number of warring city-states, while other areas of the peninsula were controlled by Naples and the larger papal states.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The strongest among these city-states annexed the surrounding territories which gave birth to signoria, namely regional states led by merchant families who established local wangsas.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Dominated by merchant oligarchs, they enjoyed the advancement of the arts, well-preserved academies, and relative freedom.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Inter-state warfare in the region is commonplace, raids from outside Italy caging into sporadic attacks by the Holy Roman Emperors.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

These wars were mainly fought by merchants referred to as the Condottiere, a collection of soldiers from all over Europe, but particularly Germany and Switzerland led by Italian captains. [39]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Decades of warfare had ushered in the Republic of Florence, the Duchy of Milan, and the Republic of Venice to grow as the dominant players who agreed to the Treaty of Lodi in 1454, which witnessed the relative tranquility present in the region for the first time for centuries.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

This peace proceeded for the next forty years and Venice's undisputed hegemony over the seas had also brought unprecedented peace during the 15th century.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Italian Renaissance reached its peak in the mid-16th century when foreign raids had plunged the region into the throes of the Italian Wars.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

After all, the idea, and ideal of the Renaissance persisted, and even continued to spread to other European regions, inspiring both the Northern Renaissance and the English Renaissance.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Meanwhile, the Exploration of Kristoforus Colombus, the discovery of new routes to Asia by the Portuguese, and the rise of the Ottoman Sultanate—all factors eroding traditional Italian dominance in trade with the Eastern World—began to rewind the peninsula's economy.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

After the Italian Wars (1494-1559), Italy witnessed a relatively long period of peace, first under the Spanish Habsburgs (1559-1713), and then under the Austrian Habsburgs (1713—1796).


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Repeated plagues came back to haunt Italy in the 14th to 17th centuries.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In the first paro of the 17th century, a plague of the didaku had claimed 1.7 million victims, or roughly 14% of the Italian population. [40]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

When Spain went into decline in the 17th century, the same happened to its colonies in Italy, namely Naples, Sicily, Sardinia, and Milan.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Southern Italy suffered a fallout, unstuck and broke with key events in Europe. [41]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Nevertheless, Italy still contributed to European culture, giving birth to the Baroque Style.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In the 18th century, as an impact of the War of the Spanish Succession, Austria replaced Spain as the dominant foreign power, while the Savoy Wangsa grew as a regional primary power extending all the way to Piemonte and Sardinia.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In this century, the idea of the Enlightenment influenced the rulers of Italy, hacking the way to reforms that began economic recovery in Tuskani and northern Italy.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

During the War of the Napoleonic era, the northern, and central parts of the country were occupied, and then part of it was annexed into the Empire, and parts were again structured as a new Kingdom of Italian—actually as a puppet state of the French Empire— [42] while the southern paro the peninsula was taken care of by Joachim Murat, Napoleon's brother-in-law, who was tabled as King of Naples.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In 1814 the Congress of Vienna restored the situation at the end of the 18th century, but the ideals of the French Revolution could not be removed.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The unification of Italy and the Italian Liberal Establishment of the Kingdom of Italy was the result of efforts made by Italian nationalists and royal vassals loyal to the Savoy Wangsa to establish a united state that covered all the territories of the Italian Peninsula.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In the context of the 1848 liberal revolutions that swept across Europe, a failed war was declared by Austria.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Kingdom of Sardinia again invaded the Austrian Empire in the Second Italian War of Independence in 1859, with help from France, which had an impact on the liberation of Langobardi.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In 1860—1861, Giuseppe Garibaldi led the reins towards unification in Naples and Sicily, [43] allowing the Sardinian government led by Camillo Benso to declare a united Italian kingdom on 17 March 1861.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In 1866, Viktor Imanuel II allied himself with Prussia in the Austrian—Prussian War, fighting in the Third Italian War of Independence that allowed Italy to annex Venice.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Finally, when France, which was in the French-Prussian War in 1870 ignored its garrison in Rome, the Savoy Wangsa was able to fill the vacuum of power by taking over the Papal States.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Statute of Albertino Sardinia of 1848, enacted extending to the entire Kingdom of Italy in 1861, provides for human freedoms, but electoral laws exclude the uneducated and uneducated from elections.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The new royal government took place within a framework of a parliamentary constitutional monarchy dominated by liberals.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In 1913, the age provision of suffrage for males was accepted.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

When Northern Italy was rapidly industrialized, the Southern Italian region, and the Northern countryside were still not awakened, and overpopulated, this state forced millions of people to hijrah, while the Italian Socialist Party strengthened, challenging the safety of conservatives and liberals- traditional.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Since the last two decades in the 19th century, Italy developed into a colonial power by forcing Somali, Eritrean, and later Libyan and Dodecanese to come under its authority. [44]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In World War I, Italy was initially tak-impartial, but in 1915 Italy signed a secret treaty, namely the London Tract, entering the Entente Three with the stipulation it would accept Trento, Trieste, Istria, and Dalmasia from Austria-Hungaria—also some parts of the Ottoman Sultanate.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In World War I, more than 650,000 Italian soldiers fell [45] and the economy fell into disrepair.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Under several peace treaties, namely the Tract of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919), the Rapallo Tract (1920), and the Rome Tract (1924), Italy gained most of its promised territories, including the Hungarian port of Fiume, but not Dalmasia (except Zara), allowing the nationalists to define this glory as “clipped glory”.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Fascist regime The upheaval after the devastation caused by World War I, inspired by the Russian Revolution, leads to melee and chaos.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Fearing the breakup of the socialist revolution, established liberals began to dent the National Fascist Party led by Benito Mussolini.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In October 1922 fascists attempted a coup (“Mars in Rome”), supported by King Viktor Imanuel III.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

A few years later, Mussolini banned all political parties and curbed individual freedoms, in other words he imposed a dictatorship.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In 1935, Mussolini invaded Ethiopia, which resulted in international exclusion, and led to the withdrawal of Italy's membership of the League of Nations.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

As a consequence, Italy allied itself with NAZI Germany, and the Empire of Japan, and strongly supported Franco in the Spanish Civil War.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In 1939, Italy occupied Albania, a de facto protectorate for decades and took part in World War II in June 1940 on the side of the Axis Bloc.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Like the Blitzkrieg, Hitler's actions in Poland, and France, Mussolini wanted glory as soon as possible in invading Greece in October 1940, but was forced to accept a humiliating standoff after several long months.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

At the same time, after conquering British Somaliland and parts of Egypt, the Italians saw Allied counterattacks that led to the loss of their holdings in Africa.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy was then invaded by the Allies in July 1943, which impacted on the vault of the Fascist regime and the fall of Mussolini.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In September 1943, Italy surrendered.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The country was still a battleground for several subsequent battles, as the Allies moved forward from the south when the north was a base for Italian fascists, and the army of NAZI Germany, was also fought by the Italian resistance movement.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Hostilities ended on 2 May 1945.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Almost half also Italians (including civil society) were killed because of the conflict [46] and the Italian economy was melted; per capita income in 1944 was the lowest since the beginning of the 20th century. [47]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Italian Republic became a republic after the successful constitutional referendum [48] held on June 2, 1946, a day that would be celebrated as Republic Day.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

That day also became the first time Italian women were allowed to channel their vote. [49]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The son of Viktor Imanuel III, namely Umberto II, was forced to abdicate and was banished.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Constitution of the Republic was passed on January 1, 1948.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Under the 1947 Paris Peace Treaty, most of Venezia Giulia was detached to Yugoslavia's grasp, and thereafter, the Free Territory of Trieste was divided to both countries.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The vote-owners' fears in Italy of a possible takeover of power by the Communists proved crucial to the electoral outcome of the first universal suffrage on April 18, 1948, when the Christian Democrats, under the leadership of Alcide De Gasperi, achieved a runoff victory.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In the aftermath, in 1949 Italy became a member of NATO.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Marshall Plan helped restore the Italian economy, which until the late decade of the 1960s, enjoyed a period of sustained economic growth, commonly called the “Economic Miracle”.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In 1957, Italy was a founding member of the European Community (EEC), the forerunner of the European Union (EU) in 1993.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

From the late 1960s until the early 1980s, the country experienced the Hot Tin Period, a period characterized by economic crises (in particular after the 1973 oil crisis), widespread social conflict and terrorist massacres carried out by opposition extremist groups with the alleged existence of United States intelligence involvement. [50] [51] [52] The Hot Tin Period culminated in the assassination of the leader of the Christian Democrats, Aldo Moro, in 1978, and in the massacre at the Bologna railway station in 1980, in which 85 people were killed; these events greatly affected all of Italy.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In the decade of the 1980s, for the first time since 1945, two governments were led by prime ministers who were not from the Christian Democrats: the first a liberal (Giovanni Spadolini), and the second a socialist (Bettino Craxi); but the Christian Democrats were still the main party of the government.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

During Craxi's reign, the economy was reinstated, and Italy became the fifth largest industrialized nation in the world, able to enter the G7 group.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Nonetheless, as a result of his policies, Italy's national debt swelled in Craxi's time, surpassing 100% of GDP.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In the early 1990s decade, Italy faced significant challenges, when vote-owners — who were let down by political paralysis, massive public debt, and a widespread system of corruption (known as Tangentopoli), revealed by a 'Clean Hands' investigation — demanded reforms radical.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The scandals involved all the major parties, in particular those in the government coalition: the Christian Democrats, in power for almost 50 years, went through several crises, and even in fact broke up, splintering into factions.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Communists rearranged its power as a Social Democracy force.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In the decades of the 1990s and 2000s, a coalition of right-of-centre (dominated by media magnate Silvio Berlusconi) and centre-left alternately ruled the country, which was entering a prolonged period of economic unstuck.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The geography of Italy is located in Southern Europe and consists of the boot-shaped Italian Peninsula, and a number of islands including the two largest, Sicily and Sardinia.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy is located between 35°LU, and 47°LU, and 6°BT, and 19°BT.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The overall area of the country is 301,230km², 294,020km² of which is mainland, and the remaining 7,210km² are waters.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Including its islands, Italy has a total of coastline, and borders along 7,600km; namely in the Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea, Tirenia Sea (740km), and borders with France (488km), Austria (430km), Slovenia (232km), and Switzerland (740km); as well as San Marino (39km), and the Vatican (3,2km), both- secondly an enclave.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Apennini Mountains form the backbone of the peninsula, and the Alps form the border in the north, where Italy's highest point lies at Mont Blanc (4,810 m). [note 3] The Po River, the longest river in Italy (652km), flows from the Alps on the western border with France, and crosses the Po Valley to the Adriatic Sea.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The five largest lakes by size are: [53] Lake Garda (367.94km²), Lake Maggiore (212.51km², shared with Switzerland), Lake Como (145.9km²), Lake Trasimeno (124.29km²), and Lake Bolsena (113.55km²).


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The country is located at the meeting point of the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate, causing a large amount of earthquake and volcano activity.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

There are 14 volcanoes in Italy, four of which are still active: Mount Etna (the traditional site of Volcanus blacksmith mythology), Stromboli, Vulcano, and Vesuvius.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Vesuvius is the only volcano still active on the European Continent and the most famous of the disasters it produced, Pompeii and Herculaneum.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Several islands and hills have been formed due to usefulness activity and there is still a large active caldera, namely Campi Flegrei to the north-west of Naples.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Although the country encompasses the Italian Peninsula and most of the southern Alps basin, some Italian regions extend beyond the Alps basin and some islands lie beyond the exposure of the Eurasian continent.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The territories in question are communes: Livigno, Sesto, San Candido, Dobbiaco (partly), Chiusaforte, Tarvisio, Curon Venosta (partly), all of which are part of the Donau basin, while Val di Lei encompasses part of the Rhein basin, and the islands of Lampedusa, and Lampione are included in exposure to the African continent.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Environment After its rapid industrial growth, Italy has long been dealing with environmental problems.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

After several improvements, Italy now ranks 84th in the world for its ecological sustainability. [54]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

National parks cover roughly five percent of the country's territory. [55]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In the past decade, Italy has become one of the world's leading renewable energy producers, ranked the world's 4th largest in terms of installed solar energy capacity [56] [57], and the 6th largest owner of wind energy capacity in the world in 2010. [58]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Renewable energies now account for roughly 12% of final energy consumption, and total primary in Italy, with a future target spread of 17% for 2020. [59]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Despite this, air pollution is still a bad problem, particularly in the more industrialized northern regions, reaching the 10th world rank in terms of industrial carbon dioxide emissions in the 1990s decade. [60] Italy was the 12th largest producer of carbon dioxide. [61] [62] Density and traffic jams in the largest metropolitan areas continue to cause environmental damage and sticking health issues, although smog levels have been dramatically lowered since the decades of the 1970s and 1980s, and the presence of smog is becoming an increasingly rare phenomenon and sulfur dioxide level decreases. [63]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

There are many water bars, and beaches are also polluted by industrial activities, and agriculture, while due to rising sea levels, Venice has been regularly flooded in recent years.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Waste disposed of from industrial activities does not always meet legal standards, and has triggered permanent health impacts for residents in affected areas, such as in the case of the Seveso Disaster.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The country also operated several nuclear reactors in 1963 to 1990, but after the Chernobyl Disaster, and the referendum of 1987 the nuclear program was suspended, a decision overturned by the government in 2008, which planned the construction of up to four centres nuclear power plants, with French technology.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

This in turn was hit by a referendum following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. [64]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Deforestation, illegal building construction, and poor land management policies have caused significant erosion throughout Italy's mountainous regions, and triggered major ecological disasters such as the 1963 Vayon Reservoir flood, Sarno 1998 [65], and the Messina landslide year 2009.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Climate Climate in Italy is very variegated, it is influenced by the large, longitudinal shape of the peninsula, and most of it is mountainous.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In much of the northern, and central inland, the climate spans from wet subtropical to wet continental, and oceanic climate.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In particular, the climate in the geographical region of the Po Valley is continental, with harsh winters, and scorching summers. [66] [67] The coastal regions of Liguria, Toskana, and most of Southern Italy generally meet the stereotype of the mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa).


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Conditions in the coastal regions of the peninsula can be very different than high land, and valleys in the interior, especially in winter when the high land tends to be colder, damp, and often snowy.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Coastal areas have moderate winters, and generally warm, and dry summers, although the valleys on the low land can become quite scorching in the summer.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Average winter temperatures vary from 0°C in the Alps to 12°C in Sicily, while in summer temperatures vary from 20°C to 30°C or more. [68]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italian politics has been a unitary parliamentary republic since June 2, 1946, when the monarchy was abolished by a constitutional referendum.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The President of the Italian Republic (Presidente della Repubblica), now Giorgio Napolitano since 2006, is Italy's head of state.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The President is elected to carry out a single mandate for seven years by the Italian Parliament in a joint session.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy has a written democratic constitution, as a result of the work of the Constituent Assembly formed by representatives of all anti-fascist forces that contributed to the defeat of the NAZIS, and Fascists in the civil war. [69]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Italian administration has a parliamentary government based on a proportional voting system.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Italian Parliament is a perfect bicameral parliament: both of its chambers, the House of Representatives (located in the Palazzo Montecitorio), and the Senate of the Republic (which is located in Palazzo Madama), have equal powers.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Prime Minister, officially President of the Council of Ministers (Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), is the head of government of Italy.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Prime Minister, and cabinet are appointed by the President of the Republic, but must go through a vote of confidence within Parliament to be able to serve.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

While its function is similar to that of most other parliamentary systems, the Italian Prime Minister has weaker authority than some of his peers.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The prime minister is not given the power to request the dissolution of Parliament or dismiss ministers (which instead becomes the exclusive prerogative of the President of the Republic), and must receive a vote of approval from the Council of Ministers—which holds effective executive power—to exercise most his political activity.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Following the cessation of Silvio Berlusconi on 12 November 2011, economist Mario Monti has been appointed technocratic Prime Minister.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The four largest political parties in Italy are the People of Freedom, the Democratic Party, the Northern League, and the Italia dei Valori.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In the 2008 general election these four parties won 590 of the 630 seats available within the House of Representatives, and 308 of the 315 seats available within the Senate of the Republic.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Most of the remaining seats were won by smaller parties that only took part in general elections in parts of Italy, for example the People's Party of South Tirol, and the Movement for Autonomy.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Nonetheless, over the past three years, a stronghold also called the “Third Pole” began to grow, namely the UDC's Christian Democrats combined with some dissenting lawmakers coming from Berlusconi's cabinet.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

A peculiarity of the Italian Parliament is that a portion of the representatives are allocated to Italian nationals settled abroad: 12 People's Deputies, and 6 Senators are elected in four different across the ocean electoral districts.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In addition, the Italian Senate is also characterized by the presence of few lifelong senators, appointed by the President “for the merit of extraordinary heroism in social, scientific, artistry, or literature”.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Former President of the Republic is an ex officio lifetime senator (because of his office).


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

On 22 February 2014, Matteo Renzi was appointed as Prime Minister of Italy [70], he replaced Enrico Letta.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The former mayor of Florence became Italy's youngest prime minister at the age of 39.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

He was sworn in by Presien Giorgio Napolitano at Rome's presidential palace.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

On 31 January 2015, Matteo Renzi elected Sergio Mattarella as the 12th President of Italy, succeeding Giorgio Napolitano [71].


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Previously Mattarella was a constitutional judge from the Province of Sicilia.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Law and criminal justice The Italian justice system is based on Roman law modified by Napoleonic statutes, and newer statutes.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Supreme Court of Cassation is the highest court in Italy, for criminal as well as civil appellate cases.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Constitutional Court of Italy (Corte Costituzionale) played a role on the alignment of legislation with the constitution, and was a new breakthrough after World War II.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Since their presence in the mid-19th century, organized crime in Italy, and criminal organizations have infiltrated social, and economic life in many regions of Southern Italy, the most severe being the Sicilian Mafia, which later expanded to several other countries, including America Unions.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Mafia revenue probably reached 9% [72] [73] of Italy's GDP. [74]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

A report from 2009 identified 610 communes with such a strong mafia presence, in which 13 million Italians settled, and 14.6% of Italy's GDP was generated. [75] [76] The 'Ndrangheta of Calabria, now perhaps the most powerful crime syndicate in Italy, accounting for 3% of GDP country. [77]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Nonetheless, with a figure of 0.013 for every 1,000 people, Italy ranks only the 47th highest in terms of the number of murders [78] (in a group of 62 countries), and ranks 43rd highest in terms of the number of rapes for every 1,000 people in the world (in a group of 65 countries), a relatively low picture for the size of developed countries.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Foreign relations Italy is a founding member of the European Community, now the European Union (EU), and the North Atlantic Defence Pact (NATO).


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy became a member of the United Nations since 1955, and Italy also is a member, and a strong supporter of a number of other international organizations, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), GATT/World Trade Organization (WTO), Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the European Assembly, and the Central Europe Initiative.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy held rotating leadership in several international organizations, among them the Conference for Security, and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), the predecessor of the OSCE, in 1994; the G8; and the European Union in 2009, and from July to December 2003.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy strongly supports multilateral international politics, advancing the United Nations, and international security activities.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy dispatched its troops to support United Nations peacekeeping missions in Somalia, Mozambique, and East Timor, and provided support for NATO, and United Nations operations in Bosnia, Kosovo, and Albania.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy dispatched more than 2,000 troops in Afghanistan to support Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) since February 2003.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy still supports international efforts to rebuild, and stabilize Iraq, but Italy has withdrawn its military contingent of 3,200 soldiers in November 2006, and only retains humanitarian officers, and other civilian personnel.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In August 2006 Italy dispatched approximately 2,450 of its soldiers to Lebanon for the UNIFIL peace mission. [79]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The militaries of the Italian Army, Navy, Air Force, and Military Police are entirely part of the Italian Armed Forces, under the command of the Supreme Defence Council, headed by the President of the Italian Republic.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Since 2005, military service has fully become willing. [80]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In 2010, the Italian military had 293,202 active personnel, [81] 114,778 persons of them as Military Police. [82]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy's total military spending in 2010 ranks 10th in the world, at a figure of US$ 35.8billion, or equal to 1.7% of national GDP.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

As part of NATO's nuclear sharing strategy Italy is also the site for 90 United States nuclear weapons, housed at Ghedi Air Base, and Aviano Air Base. [83]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Italian Army had personnel of 109,703 people in 2008.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

His best known combat vehicles are Dardo infantry fighting vehicles, Centauro tank destroyers, and Ariete tanks, and among his airplanes are Mangusta attack helicopters, recently used in UN missions.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Italian Army also had many Leopard 1, and M113 armoured personnel carriers.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Italian Navy in 2008 had 35,200 active personnel with 85 assigned ships, and 123 airborne aircraft. [84]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Italian Navy now equipped itself with larger aircraft carriers, (Cavour), destroyers, submarines, and versatile frigates.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In modern times, the Italian Navy, being a member of NATO, has taken part in many peacekeeping coalition operations around the world.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Italian Air Force in 2008 had 43,882 active personnel, and operated 585 airplanes, including 219 fighter jets, and 114 helicopters.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

As a replacement for a leased interceptor aircraft, the Panavia Tornado ADV, the Italian Air Force has leased 30 F-16A Block 15 ADF, and four F-16B Block 10 Fighting Falcons, with even more options.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The following years would also witness the introduction of 121 Eurofighter Typhoons EF2000, which would replace the F-16 Fighting Falcons.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The next possible updates are Tornado IDS/IDT, and AMX International AMX.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The transport capability was guaranteed by 22 C-130J aircraft, and the Aeritalia G.222 of which 12 of them were replaced by a new variant of the G.222 called the C-27J Spartan.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

An autonomous military corps, the Italian Military Police constitute a military police tasked with carrying out police functions in the military environment, and the civilian population, in addition to other policing forces in Italy.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

While different branches of the Italian Military Police report to separate ministries for each of their individual functions, these corps report to the Ministry of the Interior when maintaining security, and public order. [85]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The division of the Italian region is divided into 20 regions, five of which have special autonomous status which allows them to enact legislation concerning some of their local affairs.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The country was then further divided into 110 provinces, and 8,100 communes.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Only the Aosta Valley Region has one province.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

There are also 15 metropolitane cities (città metropolitane), established in 2009, but the division of the region is still not under way.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Italian economy has a market economy characterized by high GDP per capita, and low unemployment figures.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In 2010, Italy was the 8th largest economy in the world, and the 4th largest in Europe in terms of nominal GDP, [86], and the 10th largest economy in the world, and the 5th largest in Europe in terms of balance of shoppability. [87]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy is a founding member of the G8, the Eurozone, and the OECD.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

After World War II, Italy transformed rapidly from an economy that relied on agriculture to one of the most industrialized countries [88], and a leading country in terms of international trade.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy is a developed country, with the 8th highest quality of life in the world in 2005 [89], and the 24th Human Development Index in the same year.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Despite the recent global economic crisis, Italy's GDP per capita (balance of shopping skills) is still close to the EU average, [90] while unemployment (8.5%) is the lowest in the EU. [91]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The country is well known for its innovative, and influential business economy, [92] for its industrial, competitiveness, agricultural sector [92] (Italy is the world's largest wine producer), [93], and for its fashion, equipment, industrial, high-grade automotive, and creative design. [ 92]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

According to 2010 IMF statistics the sectoral distribution of GDP in 2010 was dominated by the service sector at 73.3%; followed by industry at 24.9%; and agriculture at 1.8%.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy has a small number of global multinationals compared to other economies of its size, but there are a large number of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) that are gathered in several industrial districts, and become the backbone of Italian industry.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

These SMEs produce a manufacturing sector that often focuses on niche market exports, and luxury products, which if on the one hand are less able to compete on that quantity, then the other side is better able to deal with competition from China, and the growing Asian economies, based cheap labor fare, with high-grade products. [94]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The country became the 7th largest exporter in the world in 2009. [95]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy's closest trade dealings are with other countries in the European Union, which contribute roughly 59% of its entire trade.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The largest EU trading partners, in terms of market proportion, are Germany (12.9%), France (11.4%), and Spain (7.4%). [96]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Ultimately, tourism is one of the lucrative, and fastest growing sectors for the national economy: with 43.6million international tourists arriving, and total receipts estimated at $38.8million in 2010, Italy is the 5th most visited country, and tourism winner highest in the world. [97]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Despite these important achievements, the Italian economy is now suffering from many problems.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

After strong GDP growth in the range of 5— 6% per annum since the decades of the 1950s through the early decades of the 1970s, [98], and the progressive slowdown in the decades of the 1980s, and 1990s, the average annual growth performance in the most recent decade is quite poor at 1.23% compared to with an average EU annual growth rate of 2.28%. [99]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The unwillingness of economic growth, and political efforts to resurrect it with massive government spending from the decade of the 1980s ahead, actually inflated the public debt quite severely.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

According to the European Union's statistics agency, Eurostat, Italy's public debt stood at 116% of GDP in 2010, ranking the 2nd largest debt ratio after Greece (at 126.8%). [100]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

However, the largest chunk of Italian public debt is owned by national subjects, a big difference between Italy, and Greece. [101]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In addition, Italian living standards have a fairly significant north-south gap.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The average GDP per capita in the north far exceeds the EU average, while many regions in Southern Italy are well below. [102]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy is often nicknamed the sick man of Europe, [103] [104] characterized by economic unwillingness, political disability, and problems with reform programs.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

More specifically, Italy suffers from structural weaknesses due to its geographic shape, shortage of raw materials, and lack of energy sources: in 2006 the country imported more than 86% of its total energy consumption (99.7% solid fuels; 92.5% oil; 91.2% natural gas; and 15% of electricity). [105] [106] Italy's economy is weakened by lack of infrastructure development, market reforms, and research investments, and also high public deficits. [92]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In terms of the Economic Freedom Index of 2008, the country ranks 64th in the world, and 29th in Europe, the lowest in the Eurozone.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy still receives development aid from the EU every year.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Between 2000, and 2006, Italy received €27.4billion from the European Union. [107]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The country has an inefficient public service bureaucracy, poor protection of property rights, high corruption, huge taxes, and public spending that reaches half the national GDP. [108]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In addition, recent data show that Italy's spending on research and development in 2006 was equal to 1.14% of GDP, or below the EU average of 1.84%, and the Lisboa Strategy goal that advocated a 3% share of GDP for research, and development activities. [109]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

According to Confesercenti, a major business association in Italy, organized crime in Italy represents “the largest segment of the Italian economy”, reaching €90 billion in receipts or 7% of Italy's GDP. [110]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Infrastructure In 2004 the transport sector in Italy generated revenues of 119.4bn euros, employing 935,700 people in 153,700 companies.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

About the national road network, in 2002 there were 668,721 kilometers of worthy roads in Italy, including 6,487 kilometers of controlled freeways, state-owned but taken care of by the private company Atlantia.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In 2005, approximately 34,667,000 passenger cars (590 cars per 1,000 people), and 4,015,000 freight cars passed on the national road network. [114]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The network of railroads is national, state-owned, and taken care of by Ferrovie dello Stato, in 2003 of an entire 16,287 kilometers, 69 percent of which had been electrified, and 4,937 locomotives, and carriages passed over it.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The national waterway network in the interior includes 1,477 kilometers of rivers, and traversable canals in 2002.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In 2004 there were nearly 30 major airports (including two connecting Malpensa International Airport in Milan, and Leonardo da Vinci International Airport in Rome), and 43 major ports (including the port of Genoa, the largest in Italy, and the second largest in the Middle Sea).


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In 2005 Italy maintained a civilian air fleet of approximately 389,000 units, and a commercial fleet of 581 arks. [114]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Demographics The population of Italy is predominantly religious, and like-speaking but with a diverse culture, economy, and politics.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy has the fifth largest population density in Europe with 196 inhabitants per square kilometer.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The minority group of natives is small in number.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy had 60,626,442 inhabitants according to munisipal records (Anagrafe) on 1 January 2011. [115]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Its density, amounting to 201 inhabitants per square kilometer, is denser than most countries in Western Europe.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

But the spread of the population is not so evenly distributed.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The most populous regions are the Po Valley (reaching almost half the national population), and the metropolitan areas of Rome, and Naples, while vast territories such as the high mainland of the Alps, and Apenina, Plato Basilicata, and the Island of Sardinia are sparsely populated territories.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy's population almost doubled in the 20th century, but the growth pattern is very ununiform due to a massive migration from the rural South to the industrialized North, a symptom that occurred as a result of Italy's economic miracle in the decade 1950s to 1960s. Moreover, after centuries of net emigration, from the decade of the 1980s Italy has experienced massive immigration for the first time in modern history.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

According to the Italian Government, there were 4,570,317 foreign citizens in Italy in January 2011. [116]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Fertility rates, and high birth rates lasted long into the decade of the 1970s, after which both began to decline dramatically, impacting the rapid aging of the population.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In the late 2000s decade, one in five Italians was older than 65. [117]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

However, with considerable immigration in the most recent two decades, Italy has experienced significant birth rate growth in recent years. [118]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The total fertility figure has climbed dramatically from 1.18 children per woman in 1995 to 1.41 per female in 2008. [119]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The total fertility figure is expected to reach 1.6 - 1.8 by 2030. [120]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italian ethnic groups experienced mass emigration from the late 19th century until the decade of the 1960s. In the period 1898-1914, the peak years of the Italian diaspora, nearly 750,000 Italians emigrated each year. [121]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

This diaspora involved more than 25 million Italians, and is considered the largest mass migration today. [122]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

As a result, more than 4.1 million people born in Italy have now settled abroad, [123] while no fewer than 60 million people of full or partial Italian ancestry settled outside Italy, mainly in Argentina, Brazil, the United States, Australia, and Northern Europe. [124] [125] [126] [127] [128] [129] [129] [ 130] [131] The postwar economic miracle, ending long decades of poverty, and emigration, including massive social changes such as low birth rates, an aging population, and the impact of a shrinking workforce.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Under such an atmosphere, starting from the end of the decade of the 1970s, Italy began to receive an inflow of immigrants from abroad.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The current picture is approximately 4.6 million foreigners, [132] approximately 7.5% of the overall population, including more than half a million children born in Italy to second-generation immigrants, but does not include foreign nations gradually begging for Italian citizenship; this applies to 53,696 people in 2008. [133]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The official picture also does not present illegal immigrants, whose numbers are very difficult to determine; they are estimated to be no fewer than 670,000 people. [134]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Since the collapse of the Berlin Wall and, most recently, the 2004, and 2007 expansion of the European Union, the main waves of migration have come from the countries of former socialist Eastern Europe (specifically Romania, Albania, Ukraine, and Poland).


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The second most important area of immigration to Italy was North Africa (specifically, Morocco, Egypt, and Tunisia), with a growing ascendancy as a result of the rise of the Arab world.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Furthermore, in recent years, there has been a growing migratory flow from the Far East (mainly, China [135], and the Philippines), and Latin America (Ecuador, Peru).


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Now, roughly one million Romanians (or 10 percent of them are Rom people [136]) are officially registered as settled in Italy, representing the most important country of origin, followed by Albanians, and Moroccans, as many as 500,000 inhabitants each.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The number of unregistered Romanians is very difficult to surmise, but the Balkan Inquiry Reporting Network suspects that in 2007 there may have been half a million or more. [137] [note 5] Overall, by the end of the 2000s the foreign-born Italian population came from: Europe (54%), Africa (22%), Asia (16%), the Americas (8%), and Oceania (0.06%).


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The spread of immigrants is not evenly distributed in Italy: 87% of immigrants settle in the northern, and central parts of the country (the most developed economic area), while only 13% settle in the southern paro of the peninsula.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The official language of Italy is Italian.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The website Ethnologue suspects that there are roughly 55million speakers of this language in Italy, and 6.7million abroad. [139]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

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After all, 120 to 150million people use Italian as a second language or cultural language, worldwide. [140]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Italian language, adopted by the state after the Unification of Italy, is a based on the Toskana language of Firenze dialect, and is the middle language between the Italo-Dalmasian languages, and the Gallo-Roman languages.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Its development was also influenced by the Germanic languages of the Migration Period.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy has many dialects that are interrupted throughout Italy, and some Italians are not capable of speaking Italian at all. [141]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Nonetheless, the fostering of a national education system has decreased the variation of spoken language in Italy.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Bookkeeping expanded in the decades 1950s to 1960s, this situation was made easier by economic growth, and the rise of mass media, and television (state-owned broadcaster RAI helped with Italian language bookkeeping).


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Several linguistic groups are recognized by law, [142], and a number of minority languages have sub-official (co-official) status in some areas of Italy.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

French also gained sub-official status in the Aosta Valley—although in reality the Arpitan language is more prevalent there.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

As in some parts of the province it is German, and the Ladin language has equal status in the province of South Tirol, and in some parts of Trentino.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Slovene language is officially recognized in the Province of Trieste, the Province of Gorizia, and the Province of Udine in Friuli—Venezia Giulia.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In these regions official documents are presented bilingual (trilingual in the community of Ladin), or provided on the basis of request in Italian as well as sub-official languages.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Traffic marks are also presented multilingual, except in the Aosta Valley — where with the exception of Aosta itself retains its Latin form in Italian (as well as in English) — French toponyms are generally used, efforts to digitize them on the Fascist period has been abandoned.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Education is possible to be organized in the minority language spoken in the area the school is located.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Religion Although Roman Catholicism is the majority religion (85% of births in Italy are generally Catholic), there are some communities that are part of the Protestant Church, and also Bené Romans who have run Judaism in Italy for thousands of years.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

And there are also Muslim immigrant communities (see: Islam in Italy).


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Roman Catholicism is by far the largest religion in Italy, although Catholicism is no longer the state religion.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The proportion of Italians who claim to be Roman Catholics is 87.8%, [144] although only a third of them claim to be active congregations (36.8%).


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Most Italians believe in God, or a form of spiritual life power.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

According to a Eurobarometer survey in 2005: [145] 74% of Italian citizens responded that 'they believe in the existence of God', 16% replied that 'they believe that there is some kind of living spirit or power', and 6% replied that 'they do not believe in the existence of a living spirit, God, or power'.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Italian Catholic Church is part of the globalized Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope, the curia in Rome, and the Diocesan Conference of Italy.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In addition to Italy, two other sovereign states belong to the Italian-based diocese, the San Marino enclave, and the Vatican.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

There are 225 dioceses within the Italian Catholic Church.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy is rich in Catholic culture, especially there are many Italian saints, martyrs, and popes.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Roman Catholicism is a religion, and the largest denomination in Italy, with roughly 87.8% of Italians professing to be Catholic.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy is also home to the majority of the world's cardinals, [146], and is the country with the most number of Roman Catholic churches per capita. [147]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Although the main Christian denomination in Italy is Roman Catholic, there are a number of significant minorities, namely Waldens, Eastern Orthodox, and other Christian churches.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In the 20th century, the Pentecostal Church, non-denominational Evangelicalism, was the fastest-growing Protestant church, as well as Jehovah's Witnesses, and Mormonism.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Since the decade of the 1980s, Immigration from Sub-Saharan Africa has multiplied Baptist, Anglican, Pentecostal, and Evangelical congregations in Italy, while immigrants from Eastern Europe have pioneered Eastern Orthodox communities.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

At the beginning of the 21st century, there were more than 700,000 Eastern Orthodox Christians in Italy, including 180,000 Greek Orthodox, [150] 550,000 Pentecostals, and Evangelical adherents (0.8%), of which 400,000 were members of the Congregations of God, 235,685 Jehovah's Witnesses (0.4%), [ 151] 30,000 Waldens followers, [152] 25,000 Seventh-day Adventist congregations, 22,000 Mormon congregations, 15,000 Baptist congregations (plus about 5,000 Free Baptist congregations), 7,000 Lutheran congregations, 4,000 Methodist congregations (affiliated with Waldens Church). [153]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

One of the long-established religious beliefs in Italy is the Jewish Religion, Jews had been present in Ancient Rome before the birth of Christ.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy has witnessed many influential Italian Jews, for example Shabbethai Donnolo (died in 982), prime minister Luigi Luzzatti, who took office in 1910, and Ernesto Nathan, Rome's leading mayor from 1907 to 1913.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

At the time of Holokaus, Italy received many Jewish refugees from NAZI Germany.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Nonetheless, with the establishment of the puppet state of the NAZI-backed Italian Social Republic, approximately 15% of Italian Jews were killed, although the Fascist government refused to deport Jews to the death of the NAZIS.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

These events, together with emigration before, and after World War II, have left a small Jewish community of only roughly 45,000 people in Italy at this point.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Deviating immigration has been accompanied by an increase in non-Christian beliefs.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In 2009, there were 1.0million Muslims in Italy [154] making up 1.6 percent of the population, although only 50,000 were Italian nationality.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Independent parties estimated the number of Muslim populations in Italy ranging from 0.8million [155] to 1.5million. [156]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

There are more than 200,000 followers of the belief originating from the Indian subcontinent with approximately 70,000 Sikhs with 22 gurdwaras throughout Italy, [157] 70,000 Hindus, and 50,000 Buddhists. [158]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

There were approximately 4,900 Baha'i adherents in Italy in 2005. [159]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Education Education in Italy is free, and compulsory for residents aged 6 to 16, [161], and consists of five levels: kindergarten (scuola dell'infanzia), primary school (scuola primaria), junior high school (scuola secondaria di primo grado), senior secondary school ( scuola secondaria di secondo grado), and universities (università). [162] JMPL|left|150px|University of Bologna is one of the oldest academic institutions in the world, founded in 1088.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy is home to many different types of universities, colleges, and academies.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Founded in 1088, the University of Bologna is one of the oldest universities in the world. [163]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In 2009, the University of Bologna, according to The Times, was the only Italian college included in 200 World Universities.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Luigi Bocconi Commercial University in the City of Milan was included in the top 20 business schools in the world by The Wall Street Journal's international rating, in particular for its MBA program, which in 2007 ranked 17th in the world in alumni recruitment priorities by companies- major multinational corporations. [164]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Bocconi was also placed by Forbes as the best in the world in the special category Value for Money. [165]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In May 2008, Bocconi took over some of the world's best business schools in the Financial Times executive education rankings, reaching 5th in Europe, and 15th in the world. [166]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Other best universities, and polytechnics are Torino Polytechnic, Milano Polytechnic (which in 2011 was ranked 48th best technical university in the world according to THE-QS World University Ranking. [167]), University of Rome La Sapienza (which in 2005 became a university the 33rd best in Europe, [168] and ranks amongst Europe's 50 and the world's 150 best colleges [169]), and Milano University (whose research, and teaching activities have been developed over the years, and have received international important recognition.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The university is the only Italian university that considers the League of European Research Universities (LERU), a prestigious group of 20 research-intensive universities in Europe.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The university is also ranked: 1st in Italy, and 7th in Europe (Leiden Ranking — Leiden University).


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

According to the National Science Indicators (1981—2002), a database generated by the Research Services Group containing lists of outputs, and citation statistics for more than 90 countries, Italy has an above-average scientific publication output (in terms of the number of written papers involving least one author is from Italy) in astronomy (9.75% of world papers), mathematics (5.51% of world papers), computer science, neuroscience, and physics; the lowest, but still above the world average, output in terms of the number of papers produced recorded in social sciences, psychology, and psychiatry, and economics, and business. [170]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Health Italy runs the general health care system of the universe since 1978. [171]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Nonetheless, health care is provided for all citizens, and residents by a general-private mixed system.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The common part is the Servizio Sanitario Nazionale, formed under the Ministry of Health, and handed over to be taken care of by the regional administration.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Health care spending in Italy exceeded 9.0% of national GDP in 2008, slightly above the OECD average of 8.9%. [172]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

After all, Italy ranks 2nd best in the world in terms of health care systems, [171] [173], and ranks 3rd in the world in terms of health care performance. [174]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy reached the 12th highest life expectancy in the world in 2010, [175] meanwhile, as in many other Western countries, Italy witnessed a rise in the proportion of people who are overweight, and obese, with 34.2% of Italians reporting to be overweighted agency, and 9.8% were obese. [176]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The proportion of daily smokers was 22% in 2008. [177]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Smoking in public places including bars, restaurants, nightclubs, and offices has been restricted to ventilated rooms only since 2005. [178]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italian culture was intangible as a single state until the unification of this country in 1861.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Because of this fairly recent unification, and the historical autonomy of each region that makes up the Italian Peninsula, there are many traditions, and the customs now recognized as belonging to Italy are clearly recognizable by region of origin.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

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Despite the political, and social differences in these regions, Italy's contribution to the cultural heritage, and history of Europe, and the world is still large.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy is home to a large number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites (currently 47 pieces), and is rich in a repertory of art, culture, and literature from many different periods.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

This country influenced many world cultures, also because there were many Italians who emigrated elsewhere during the time of the Italian Diaspora.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In addition, the country has roughly 100,000 monuments in many likenesses (museums, palaces, buildings, statues, churches, art gallerias, villas, fountains, historical buildings, and archaeological relics). [179]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

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Architecture JMPL|left|260px|Leaning Tower and Piazza dei Miracoli in Pisa.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

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This piazza is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, [180] and both of these buildings are examples of Romanesque architecture. [181]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy has varied architectural styles, and types, which cannot be distinguished only on the basis of period, but also region, since Italy was still a collection of city-states until 1861.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

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Nonetheless, these circumstances have created a very diverse, and sometimes inter-synergized, architectural design.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy is known for its outstanding architectural achievements, [182] such as the construction of arches, domes, and similar structures in Ancient Roman times, the stub of the Renaissance architectural movement in the late 14th to 16th centuries, and being the birthplace for Palladian architecture, a style constructions that inspired the neoclassical architecture movement, and influenced the designs used by honourables to make their rural homes around the world, especially in Great Britain, Australia, and the United States in the late 17th to early 20th centuries.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Some of the best works of Western architecture, are the Coloseum, Milano Cathedral, and Florence Cathedral, the Tower of Pisa, and the draft buildings in Venice built in Italy.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italian architecture also influenced world architecture.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

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The British architect, Inigo Jones, inspired by the design of buildings, and cities in Italy, brought the ideas of Italian Renaissance architecture to England in the 17th century, inspired by Andrea Palladio. [183]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In addition, Italianate architecture, refreshing since the 19th century, is used to describe foreign architecture built in the Italianate style, specifically as modeled by Renaissance architecture.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Fine art Over the centuries, Italian art has evolved through many stylistic changes.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italian painting is traditionally interrupted by warm, and bright colors, as exemplified in the works of Caravaggio, and Titian, and a pleasure with drawings, and religious motifs.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italian painting enjoyed prominence in Europe for hundreds of years, since the Romanesque, and Gothic periods, and through the Renaissance, and Baroque periods, the second last being the one that witnessed its fruit in Italy.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Other notable artists who fell within these periods were Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello, Botticelli, Fra Angelico, Tintoretto, Bernini, and Raphael.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Thereafter, Italy experienced sustained conquest by foreign powers which led to a shift to political issues, and resulted in its decline as master of art in Europe.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

It was not until Futurism of the 20th century, especially through the works of Umberto Boccioni, and Giacomo Balla, that allowed Italy to regain its former perstise as a place for the evolution of artistry.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Futurism was replaced by the metaphytic paintings of Giorgio de Chirico, which greatly influenced the Surrealists, and the generation thereafter.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Literature and theater The foundation of the modern Italian language was formed by Firenze's poet, Dante Alighieri, whose greatest work, Divina Commedia, is considered one of the leading suliterary statements produced in Europe in the Middle Ages.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

There is no shortage in the glorified suliterary figures in Italy: Giovanni Boccaccio, Giacomo Leopardi, Alessandro Manzoni, Torquato Tasso, Ludovico Ariosto, and Petrarch, whose famous means of expression, the sonnet, is an original Italian find.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The leading philosophers among them Giordano Bruno, Marsilio Ficino, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Giambattista Vico.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Modern literary figures, and Nobel laureates are nationalist poet Giosuè Carducci in 1906, realist writer Grazia Deledda in 1926, modern theatre writer Luigi Pirandello in 1936, poet Salvatore Quasimodo in 1959, and Eugenio Montale in 1975, satirist, and theatre writer Dario Fo in 1997. [185]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italian theatre can be reversed to the Roman tradition that was heavily influenced by Greece; as with many other literary genres, Roman dramatists tended to adapt, and translate Greek works.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

For example, Seneca's work, Phaedra is based on Euripides, and many of Plautus's comedies constitute translations of Menander's works.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In the 16th century, and until the 18th century, Commedia dell'arte was a form of improvisational theatre, and until now it is still performed.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Troupes of safari players usually set up stages in open spaces, and provide entertainment in the form of juggling, acrobatic, and, more commonly, witty games based on the repertoire of established characters with outline grooves, called canovaccio.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Music From folk to classical music, music has always played an important role in Italian culture.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Instruments related to classical music, are the piano, and the violin, found in Italy, and many common forms of classical music, such as symphonies, concertos, and sonatas, can lead their roots to Italian musical innovations in the 16th, and 17th centuries.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The most famous composers of Italian origin were Renaissance composers (Palestrina, and Monteverdi), Baroque composers (Scarlatti, Corelli, and Vivaldi, classical composers (Paganini, and Rossini), and Romantic composers (Verdi, and Puccini).


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The modern Italian composer was Berio, and Nono proved significant in the development of experimental music, and electronic music.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

While the classical music tradition is still firmly in Italy, as evidenced by the great fame of opera houses, such as La Scala di Milano, and San Carlo in Naples, and performers such as pianist Maurizio Pollini, and tenor Luciano Pavarotti, Italians do not less of his appreciation of his evolving chapter of contemporary music.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy is well known as the birthplace of opera. [188]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italian opera is believed to have been pioneered since the early 17th century, in Italian cities such as Mantua, and Venice. [188]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Later, works created by original Italian composers from the 19th, and early 20th centuries, such as Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, Verdi, and Puccini, were among the best-known operas ever written, and are now shown in opera houses around the world.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

La Scala di Milano opera house is also known as one of the best in the world.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Famous Italian opera guides are Enrico Caruso, and Alessandro Bonci.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Introduced in the early 1920s decade, jazz took on a strong pedestal specifically in Italy, and still remains popular despite cultural policies that are ksenophobic (fear or dislike of anything foreign or from outside the country) enacted by the Fascist regime.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Now, the most famous centers of jazz music in Italy are Milano, Rome, and Sicily.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Later, Italy was at the forefront in terms of the progressive rock movement in the 1970s, with musical groups such as PFM, and Goblin.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy was also an important country in the development of disco music, and electronics, with Italo disco, known for its futuristic sound, and its prominent use of synthesizers, and drum machines, being one of the earliest electronic dance genres, also a form of European disco music alongside Euro disco (which later influenced several genres such as Eurodance, and Nu-disco).


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Producers/songwriters such as Giorgio Moroder, who won three Academy Awards for his music, have been very influential in the development of EDM (electronic dance music).


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Now, Italian pop music is featured once a year with the Sanremo Music Festival, which served as the inspiration for the Eurovision singing contest, and the Two Worlds Festival in Spoleto.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Pop diva Mina, classic gaek artist Andrea Bocelli, Grammy winner Laura Pausini, and European roster runner Eros Ramazzotti still receive international community praise.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Filming The history of Italian film began a few months after the Lumière brothers began an exhibition of moving images.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy's first film was an impresario of several seconds showing Pope Leo XIII giving blessing to the camera.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The Italian film industry was born in between 1903, and 1908 with three companies: Società Italiana Cines, Ambrosio Film, and Itala Film.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Other film companies appeared in Milano, and Naples.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In a short period these companies achieved reasonable production quality, and films were sold outside Italy.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Film was later used by Benito Mussolini, who founded the Cinecittà studio, reminiscent back to the glory of Rome, the studio used to make Fascist propaganda films up to World War II. [189]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

After World War II, Italian films were widely acclaimed, and exported until the receding period of artistry in the decade of the 1980s. Notable Italian film directors from this period were Vittorio De Sica, Federico Fellini, Sergio Leone, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Luchino Visconti, Michelangelo Antonioni, and Dario Argento.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The films included in the world film heritage are La dolce vita (The Sweet Life), The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly), and Bicycle Thieves (The Bicycle Thieves).


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The mid-decade of the 1940s to the end of the 1950s decade was an epoch of neorealist films, reflecting the heartbreaking state of postwar Italy. [190] [191] When the country began to grow prosperous in the 1950s decade, a form of neorealism became known as neorealism pink reached glory, and film genres, such as sword-and-sandal, and spaghetti westerns, took place in the decades of the 1960s, and 1970s. More recently, the Italian silver screen has occasionally received international attention, with films such as La vita è bella (Life is Beautiful) directed by Roberto Benigni, and Il postino (The Postman) by Massimo Troisi.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Science For centuries, Italy has spawned several famous clever-cendikia.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Among them, and perhaps the most famous polymath in history, Leonardo da Vinci has contributed to various fields including art, biology, and technology.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Galileo Galilei was a physicist, mathematician, and astronomer who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

His accomplishments were improvements in telescopes, and successive observations of astronimists, and support of Comarrianism.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Physicist Enrico Fermi, a Nobel Prize winner, was the leader of the group that built the inaugural nuclear reactor, and is also noted for many other donations to physics, including his participation in developing quantum theory.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

A brief review of several other well-known figures are astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini, who made many important findings about the Solar System; physicist Alessandro Volta, inventor of batteries; mathematicians Lagrange, Fibonacci, and Cardano, where Ars Magna is generally recognized as a modern treatment first towards mathematics, making fundamental advances for this field.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Marcello Malpighi, a physician, and pioneer of microscopic anatomy; biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani, who achieved important discoveries in the function of bodily faeties, animal breeding, and cell theory; physician, pathologist, scientist, and Nobel Prize laureate Camillo Golgi, whose many achievements include discoveries the Golgi complex, and his role in hacking the path to acceptance of the doctrine of Neuron; and Guglielmo Marconi, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of radio. jmpl|ka|the Italian football national team at the 1982 FIFA World Cup.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Football is, by far, the most popular sport in Italy.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italian sport has a long tradition of sportswear.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

In many branches, whether it is individual or team, Italy has a good ambassador a lot of glory that has been achieved.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The most popular sport by far is football.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Basketball, and volleyball rank second, and third after football, where Italy has a rich tradition in both of these branches.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Squadra Azzurra won the 2006 FIFA World Cup, and is now the second most popular soccer team in the world, after Brazil, to have won four FIFA World Cups. [195]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy also has a strong tradition in bicycle racing, tennis, athletics, fencing, winter sports, and rugby branches.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Scuderia Ferrari are the oldest surviving team in the Grand Prix series, have been racing since 1948, and are statistically the sheen Formula One team throughout history with a record of 15 drivers' championships dn 16 constructors' championships.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Fashion and design JMPL|left|150px|Gucci Tower in Ginza, Tokyo.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italian fashion has a long tradition, and is seen as one of the most important in the world.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Milano, Florence, and Rome are the main fashion capitals of Italy.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

According to the Global Language Monitor in 2009, Milano was nominated to be the true fashion capital of the world, even outperforming other capitals in the world, such as New York, Paris, London, and Tokyo, while Rome ranked 4th. [196]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The major Italian fashion brands, being Gucci, Prada, Versace, Valentino, Armani, Dolce & Gabbana, Missoni, Fendi, Moschino, Max Mara, and Ferragamo, are considered among the most original fashion houses in the world.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Also, the fashion magazine Vogue Italia, is seen as the most important, and most prestigious fashion magazine in the world. [197]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italy is also leading in the field of design, mainly interior design, architectural design, industrial design, and urban design.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The country has produced several well-known furniture designers, such as Gio Ponti, and Ettore Sottsass, and Italian phrases such as “Bel Disegno”, and “Linea Italiana” have entered the vocabulary of furniture design. [198]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Examples of classic Italian home furnishings, and furniture products are washing machines, and Zanussi refrigerators, [199] the “New Tone” sofas by Atrium, [199], and postgraduate bookshelves by Ettore Sottsass, inspired by Bob Dylan's song, “Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again”. [199]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Now, Milano, and Turino are central cities in the field of architectural design, and industrial design in the country.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The city of Milano is based on FieraMilano, the largest design exhibition event in Europe. [200]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Milano also serves events related to design, and major architecture, such as “Fuori Salone”, and Salone del Mobile, and is home to designers Bruno Munari, Lucio Fontana, Enrico Castellani, and Piero Manzoni. [201]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

The cuisine of modern Italian cuisine has been developed over the centuries, in hand with social, and political changes, with cultural roots that can be retreated to the 4th century BC.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italian cuisine itself has taken on many influences, ranging from the Etruscans, Ancient Greeks, Ancient Romans, Byzantines, and Jews. [202]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Significant changes emerged with the discovery of the New World with the introduction of foodstuffs such as potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, and corn, now central to Italian cuisine but never present there before the 18th century. [203] [204] Italian cuisine is known for its rejuvenation based on region, [205] [206] [207] an abundance of varying flavors, and is known as one of the most popular cuisines in the world, [208] with widespread influence. [209]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italian cuisine is embroiled by its simplicity, with many dishes involving four to eight basic ingredients. [210]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Italian cooks rely more on the quality of basic ingredients than complex processing. [211]


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Dishes, and recipes are often dayacipta of the ancestors instead of the chefs, which makes many of those recipes very suitable for applying at home.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

This is one of the main reasons that led to the growing variety of Italian cuisine, because overseas cookery magazines also disseminate Italian recipes intended for home-cooking activities.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Ingredients are basic, and dishes are very varied in every region.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

There are many dishes that were originally regional, but have now been renationalized, and developed with varying variations throughout Italy.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Cheese, pork slices, and wine are the most important parts in Italian dishes, with many variations, and the official designation, Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC).


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

Coffee, particularly espresso, has become an important element in Italian dishes.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

See also List of Italian figures List of universities in Italy Tourism in Italy Automotive: Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Fiat, Lamborghini, Lancia, Maserati, Pagani, Vespa Food: Spaghetti, Pizza, Panettone Mafia Further reading (in Indonesian) Reference Notes Outside links (in Italian) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

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Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

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Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

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Question: what is the area of Italy?

Italy

General country profile - aran on CIA World Factbook - on UCB Libraries GovPubs - on Open Directory Project of BBC News Wikimedia Atlas of Italy Geographic data related to in OpenStreetMap of International Government Futures Public Institutions Tourism Category:Country in Southern Europe Category:Countries in the Middle Sea Category:G8 Countries Category:G20 Countries


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Neil Alden Armstrong () is a United States astronaut, test pilot, flight technician, university professor, and Marine Aviator.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

He was the first person to walk on the Moon.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Prior to becoming an astronaut, Armstrong was a United States Navy officer and had served in the Korean War.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Postwar, he became a test pilot at the High-Speed Flight Station of the National Aviation Advisory Committee, now the Dryden Aviation Research Center, where he logged nearly 900 flights.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

He graduated from Purdue University and completed his undergraduate studies at the University of Southern California.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

As a participant in the United States Air Force's Man In Space Soonest and X-20 Dyna-Soar human space flight programs, Armstrong joined NASA's 1962 Astronaut Corps.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

His first space flight was NASA's 1966 Gemini 8 mission, for which he was his command pilot and became the first U.S. citizen in space. [1]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

On this mission, he performed the first two manned spacewalks alongside pilot David Scott.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Armstrong's second and final space flight was as commander of the July 1969 Apollo 11 moon landing mission.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

On this mission, Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin descended to the lunar surface and spent 2½ hours exploring the Moon, while Michael Collins remained in orbit inside the Command Module.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Armstrong was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Richard Nixon with Collins and Aldrin, the Congressional Space Medal of Honor by President Jimmy Carter in 1978, and the Congressional Gold Medal in 2009.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

On August 25, 2012, Armstrong passed away in Cincinnati, Ohio, [2] at the age of 82 from complications from coronary artery blockage.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

First years Neil Armstrong was born on August 5, 1930 [3] in Wapakoneta, Ohio, to the couple Stephen Koenig Armstrong and Viola Louise Engel. [4] [5] He was of Scottish and German descent, and had two younger brothers, June and Dean.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Stephen Armstrong worked as an auditor [6] for the Ohio state government, and his family moved to 20 cities in Ohio in the first 15 years after Armstrong's birth.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

His love for flying grew in those days, beginning when his father took 2-year-old Neil to the Cleveland Air Races.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

On July 20, 1936, when he was 6 years old, Armstrong had his first taste of flying in a Ford Trimotor aircraft nicknamed “Tin Goose” with his father in Warren, Ohio. [7]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

His father's last move was to Wapakoneta (Auglaize County) of 1944, where Neil studied at Blume High School.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Armstrong began taking flying tutoring at the local county airport, and got his flying certificate at the age of 15, before getting a driver's license.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Armstrong was active in Guiding and was given the rank of Eagle Scout.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

As an adult, he was given the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award and the Silver Buffalo Award by the Boy Scouts of America. [8]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

On July 18, 1969, while flying towards the Moon inside Columbia, he greeted his friends in the Guiding movement: “I want to convey greetings to all my friends in the Guiding movement at Farragut State Park in Idaho who are following this week's National Jamboree; and Apollo11 hope the best for them.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Houston: “Thank you, Apollo11.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

I'm sure even though they don't hear it, they'll hear it through the news.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

They would really appreciate it. “[9]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

In 1947, Armstrong began studying aviation engineering at Purdue University, where he was a member of Phi Delta Theta [10] and Kappa Kappa Psi. [11]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

He was the second person in his family to attend college, and was admitted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), but the only engineer he knew (who also attended MIT) told him not to go to college by telling Armstrong that there was no need to go all the way to Cambridge, Massachusetts to receive a proper education. [12]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

His educational expenses were aided by the Holloway Plan — a successful registrant went on to study for two years, followed by three years of beekrja in the U.S. AL, then completed the remaining two years in college.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

At Purdue, he got an average grade on each lesson, with a GPA that went up and down for eight semesters.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

He was given a Bachelor of Science degree in aviation engineering from Purdue University in 1955, and a Master of Science in aviation engineering from the University of Southern California in 1970. [13]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Armstrong earned honorary doctorates from several universities. [14]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

The Navy Call for Armstrong from the Navy arrived January 26, 1949, which requested him report to Naval Air Station Pensacola for flight training.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

This training lasted for 18 months; by then he was considered capable of making landings on the aircraft carriers USS Cabot and USS Wright.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

On August 16, 1950, two weeks after his 20th birthday, Armstrong was sent a letter that he was declared fit to be a Marine Aviator. [15]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

His first assignment was in Fleet Aircraft Service Squadron7 at NAS San Diego (now NAS North Island).


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Two months later, he transferred to the jet squadrons of Fighter Squadron 51 (VF-51) and made his first flight using F9F-2B Panther jet aircraft on 5 January 1951.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

In June, he made his first jet landing on the USS Essex and rose in rank the same week from Midshipman to Ensign.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

By the end of the month, Essex had already sailed with VF-51 aircraft to Korea, where they served as ground attack aircraft. [16]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Armstrong performed his first mission of the Korean War on August 29, 1951 as a spy plane escort aboard Songjin. [17]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Dated September 3, 1951, Armstrong flew an armed spy plane over a major transport and storage facility south of the village of Majon-ni, west of Wonsan; as he carried out a low bombing spree at 350mph (560km/h), Armstrong's F9F Panther was fired upon by guns antiaircraft.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

While trying to take control of the aircraft, Armstrong crashed into a pylon at an altitude of 20 feet (6.1m), which tore off the Panther's right wing three feet long. [18]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Armstrong was able to bring the aircraft home, but because his ailerons were destroyed, self-catapulting was the only option to survive.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

He planned to catapult himself over the waters and wait for an AL rescue helicopter, and was flown to an airfield near Pohang, too bad his jump seat was blown ashore. [19]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

His roommate from flight school picked up Armstrong using a jeep; no longer known the fate of the carcass of No. 125122 F9F-2. [20]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Armstrong flew 78 missions over Korea over 121 hours, mostly in January 1952.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

He was awarded the Air Medal for 20 battle missions, the Gold Star for the next 20, and the Korean Service Medal and Engagement Star. [21]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Armstrong left the AL at the age of 22 on August 23, 1952 and became a Lieutenant, Junior Grade in the United States Naval Reserve Forces.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

He resigned from the AL Reserve Forces on 21 October 1960. [22]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

As a test pilot, Armstrong became a project pilot for the F-100 Super Sabre A and C variants, F-101 Voodoo, and Lockheed F-104A Starfighter.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

He also flew the Bell X-1B, Bell X-5, North American X-15, F-105 Thunderchief, F-106 Delta Dart, B-47 Stratojet, KC-135 Stratotanker, and was one of eight elite pilots involved in the paraglider research vehicle (Paresev) program.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

College days After serving for the Navy, Armstrong returned to Purdue and managed the best marks in the next four semesters.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

The eventual GPA was 4.8 short of the highest score of 6.0. [23]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

He entered Phi Delta Theta fraternity after returning home and wrote and directed his musicals as part of student showmanship; he was also a member of the Kappa Kappa Psi National Honorary Band Fraternity and a baritone player in the Purdue All-American Marching Band.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Armstrong graduated in 1955 with a Bachelor's degree in aviation engineering. [22]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

While attending college at Purdue, he met Janet Elizabeth Shearon, who was studying in home economics.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

According to both, they were not actually dating, and neither of them recalled any details of their engagement, except that the engagement occurred when Armstrong was working at NACA's Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

They married January 28, 1956 at Congregational Church in Wilmette, Illinois.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

When she moved to Edwards Air Force Base, she lived in the undergraduate quarter of the base, while Janet lived in the Westwood district of Los Angeles.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

After one semester, they moved to a new home in Antelope Valley.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Janet never graduated from college, something she regretted in her life. [24]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

The couple is endowed with three children: Eric, Karen, and Mark. [25]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

In June 1961, Karen was diagnosed with a malignant tumor in the central part of her brain; X-ray treatment slowed her growth, but her health deteriorated to the point when she could no longer afford to walk or talk.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Karen died from pneumonia, related to her weakened health, on January 28, 1962. [26]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Armstrong then completed his Master of Science lectureship in aviation engineering at the University of Southern California. [3]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Test pilot After graduating from Purdue, Armstrong decided to become an experimental research test pilot.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

He applied to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics High-Speed Flight Station at Edwards Air Force Base; although they did not open vacancies, they forwarded his registration to Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory in Cleveland, Ohio, where Armstrong worked at Lewis Field in March 1955. [27]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Armstrong's career in Cleveland was only a few months away, and by July 1955, he returned to Edwards AFB for his new job. [28]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

On his first day at Edwards, Armstrong got his first assignment, which was to fly a hunter aircraft during the launch of a test aircraft that was a modification of the bomber aircraft.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

He also flew modifications of the bomber aircraft, and on one of these missions, he had his first flying incident at Edwards.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Armstrongg was in the right seat of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress on March 22, 1956, [29] whose job was to discharge the Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket in mid-air.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Armstrong became the pilot in the right seat, while commander Stan Butchart, in the left seat, flew the B-29. [30]


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

When it climbed to an altitude of 30,000 feet (9.1km), engine number four stopped and its propeller began to rotate freely following the airflow.


Question: who was the first woman to go to the moon?

Neil Armstrong

Despite already pressing a button that would stop the rotation of the propeller, Butchart saw the propeller slow down and start spinning again, this time faster than the other engines; if it spun too fast, the propeller would come loose.