Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Thus, Athens was able to take control of the city the next day. [166]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Most of the Athenian warriors were sent to pursue the blurred Persian forces. [166]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

The group of Oiobazos was captured by one Thrakian tribe, and Oiobazos himself was sacrificed to the god Plistoros. [167]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Meanwhile the Athenian forces managed to capture Artayktes, and killed several Persian warriors who were with him, but the Athenian forces captivated most of them, including Artayktes. [167]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Artayktes was crucified at the request of the citizens of Elaios, a city once plundered by Artayktes. [168]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

After there was no more business at Sestos, the Athenian troops sailed home, and did not forget that they brought the rope from the Persian pontoon bridge as a trophy of victory over the Persians. [169]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Cyprus In 478 BC, the treaty of communion in Greece was still ongoing, and they sent a fleet consisting of 20 ships from Peloponnesos as well as 30 Athenian ships, with the aim of supporting allied cities of unknown numbers.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

The fleet was led by Pausanias.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

According to Thukydides, this fleet sailed to Cyprus and “occupied most of the island”. [170]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

It is not known exactly what Thukydides meant.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Sealey argues that this was essentially an assault to plunder as much treasure as possible from the Persian garrison in Cyprus. [171]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

It is alleged that Greek forces were intending to take control of the island, and not long after that, they sailed to Byzantion. [170]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Obviously, the fact that the League of Delos repeatedly conducted military campaigns in Cyprus shows that on the island was not established by the Greeks in 478 BC, and if there was a Greek garrison, then most likely the garrison was quickly driven out.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Byzantion The Greek Fleet sailed to Byzantion, which they then besieged, and in the end they mastered. [170]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Control over Sestos and Byzantion made the Greek forces have power over the straits between Europe and Asia (which the Persians passed through), and allowed them access to trade lanes on the Black Sea. [172]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

The aftermath of the siege proved to bring trouble for Pausanias.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

It is not clearly known what happened; Thukydides gave few details, although the author in the next term added many gruesome accusations. [172]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Through arrogance and his arbitrary actions (Thukydides called it “cruelty”), Pausanias managed to excommunicate many contingents of Greek troops, especially those who had just been free from Persian rule. [171] [172] [173] The Ionians and several others called on Athens to take over campaign leadership, and Athens agreed to this. [173]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Sparta, upon learning of Pausanias' behavior, immediately summoned him and prosecuted him on charges of cooperating with the enemy.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Although Pausanias was released, his reputation was damaged and he was no longer allowed to lead the Greek army. [173]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Pausanias returned to Byzantion as a citizen in 477 BC, and controlled the city until he was expelled by the Athenians.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

He then crossed the Bosporus and settled in Kolonai in the Troad, until then he was again accused of cooperating with the Persians.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

He was summoned again to Sparta and returned to trial.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

After that, he starved himself to death. [174]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

The timing of its occurrence is unclear, but Pausanias probably controlled Byzantion until 470 BC. [174]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Wars of the League of Delos (477—449 BC) of the League of Delos After the events of Byzantion, Sparta were allegedly eager to stop their involvement in the war.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Sparta argued that with the liberation of mainland Greece and the Greek cities of Asia Minor, then the goal of war had already been achieved.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

In addition, Sparta also likely felt that it was impossible to provide long-term security for Greek cities in Asia. [175]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

After the events at Mykale, Sparta's King Leotykhides was already proposing to move all Greeks from Asia Minor to Europe as the only permanent way to free them from the Persian threat.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Xanthippos, the Athenian commander at Mykale, vehemently rejected this proposal.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

The Ionian cities were originally colonies of Athens, and according to him, it was the Athenians who would protect the Ionian cities. [175]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

It was at this time that the leadership of the Greek forces began to effectively shift to Athens. [175]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

With the retreat of Sparta from Byzantion, Athenian leadership over the Greek forces became increasingly evident.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

The loose guild of Greek city-states that had fought against Xerxes' invasion, used to be dominated by Sparta with its Peloponnesic League.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Now with the withdrawal of Sparta and its allies, the city-state congress was held again on the holy Delos Island to establish a new fellowship to continue the resistance against the Persians.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

The new fellowship encompassed many city-states in Aigea and was formally established as the 'First Athenian Guild', better known as the League of Delos.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

According to Thukydides, the official purpose of this league was to “avenge the suffering by means of destroying the territory of the [Persian] emperor”. [176]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

In reality, this goal was divided into three main efforts—preparing for future invasions, giving retaliation to the Persians, and organizing the division of war booty.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Each member may choose to provide armed forces or pay taxes, which are kept as common cash; most city-states choose to pay taxes. [176]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Campaigns against Persia Throughout the 470s BC, the League of Delos conducted military campaigns in Thrakia and Aigea to wipe out the remnants of Persian garrisons from that area, mainly under the command of the Athenian politician, Kimon. [177]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Early in the next decade, Kimon began conducting military campaigns in Asia Minor, seeking to strengthen the Greek position there. [178]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

At the Battle of Eurymedon in Pamphylia, Athenian troops and their allied fleets achieved a very crushing double victory, they destroyed the Persian sea fleet and then weathered its land forces, which also managed to defeat the Persian land forces.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

After this battle, the Persian side basically acted more passively and defensively. They tried not to take too much risk in battle. [179]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Towards the end of the 460s BC, Athens covered up to execute a very ambitious decision, which was to support the rebellion in Egypt in the Persian Empire.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Although the Greek forces initially achieved success, they were unable to overrun the Persian garrison in Memphis, even though they had besieged it for three years. [180]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

The Persian forces then launched a counterattack, and this time it was the turn of the Athenian forces that were besieged for 18 months, before being swept away. [181]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

This failure, coupled with ongoing warfare against Sparta in Greece, made Athens forced to cease its feud with Persia. [182]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

However, in 451 BC, a peace treaty was agreed in Greece, so that Kimon could lead an expedition to Cyprus.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

However, while besieging the City of Kition, Kimon died and the Athenian forces were forced to retreat, winning another double victory at the Battle of Salamis-in-Cyprus with the aim of resolving this conflict. [183]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

This campaign marked the end of warfare between the League of Delos and the Persians, and simultaneously ended the Greco-Persian Wars. [184]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Peace accord After the Battle of Salamis-in-Cyprus, Thukydides no longer mentioned the conflict with Persia, he simply wrote that Greek troops came home. [183]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Diodoros, on the other hand, claimed that after the events at Salamis, a peace treaty (“Peace of Kallias”) was agreed upon by the Greek and Persian sides. [185]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Diodoros perhaps followed the history written by Ephoros, who was allegedly influenced by his teacher.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Isocrates—from which there is believed to be the oldest reference to the peace, in 380 BC. [18]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Even in the 4th century BC, the idea of the treaty was quite controversial, and two authors from that period, namely Kallisthenes and Theopompos, seemed to reject the occurrence of the treaty. [186]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

It is possible that earlier the Athenians had already attempted to negotiate with the Persians.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Plutarkhos argues that after the events at Eurymedon, Artaxerxes agreed to enter into a peace agreement with Greece, even the treaty was named from the name of an envoy from Athens, namely Kallias, who was involved in the treaty.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

However, as Plutarkhos acknowledged, Kallisthenes rejected that a treaty of sorts was agreed at this point (sek. 466 BC). [179]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Herodotos also mentions that Athens was represented by kallias, who was sent to Susa to negotiate with Artaxerxes. [187]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

This envoy included several representatives of Argos and thus perhaps occurred around 461 BC (after Athens allied with Argos). [18]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

These envoys may have attempted to reach some kind of peace agreement, and it is even alleged that the failure of these negotiations led to Athens' decision to support the uprising in Egypt. [188]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Thus, ancient sources in general differ from each other as to whether there really ever was a peace agreement.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

And if it did happen, the date of his pastina is also still debated.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Modern historians also differ in opinion; for example, Fine accepts Kallias' concept of Peace, [18] whereas Sealey rejects it. [189]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Holland accepts that some sort of discussion took place between Greece and Persia but there never was a peace agreement. [190]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Fine argues that the opinion of Kallisthenes, who denies that a peace treaty was made after the Eurymedon events, does not cover the possibility of carrying out a peace treaty at any other time.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Furthermore, Fine argues that Theopompos was in fact referring to a peace treaty thought to have been negotiated with Persia in 432 BC. [18]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

If this opinion is correct, it will eliminate one major obstacle to the acceptance of the occurrence of a peace treaty.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Another piece of evidence supporting the existence of a peace treaty is the sudden withdrawal of Athens from Cyprus in 449 BC, which Fine said was quite reasonable if done because of the existence of a peace treaty. [191]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

On the other hand, if there really is a peace treaty, it is very strange Thukydides does not mention it.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

In his digression of pentekontaitia, his goal was to explain the rise to Athenian power.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

And in his narrative, Thukydides does not forget to elaborate on the involvement of the allies of the League of Delos in that development, so if there is a peace treaty, it will certainly be one of the important stages in the history of the development of Athens. [192]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Some argue that there are passages in Thukydides' writings that refer to a peace treaty. [18]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

But until now there is no agreement among historians on the peace treaty.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

If the treaty actually came to pass, its content was very embarrassing for Persia, Ancient manuscripts that provide details of the treaty were quite consistent in describing the provisions of the treaty were mentioned, among others: [18] [185] [186] All Greek cities in Asia were independent from the Persian Satrap's dominion Persia (and possibly its land troops) may not travel to the western part of the Halys River (according to Isocrates) or travel shorter than a day by fomenting horses to the Aigean Sea (according to Kallisthenes) or travel shorter than three days with on foot to the Aigean Sea (according to Ephorus and Diodoros).


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Persian warships must not sail to the western part of Phaselis (on the southern coast of Asia Minor), or to the western part of the Kyanaia Cliffs (likely at the southern end of the Bosporus, on the northern coast of Asia Minor).


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

If all of the above conditions were obeyed by the Persians, then Athens would not send troops to lands controlled by the Persians.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

The aftermath and subsequent conflict 200px|ka|JMPL|phases in the Peoponnesos War.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

By the end of the Greco-Persian conflict, the process by which the League of Delos became the Athenian Empire was becoming increasingly visible. [190]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Although Greece was no longer at war with Persia, its Athenian allies were still required to send ships or pay money to Athens. [192]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

In Greece, the First Peloponnesos War between Athens and Sparta, which lasted since 460 BC with several pauses, finally ended in 445 BC, with a truce agreement for the following thirty years. [193]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

However, the feud between Sparta and Athens did not end and they returned to war 14 years later, even before the armistice was finalized, and this marked the beginning of the Second Peloponnesos War. [194]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

This devastating conflict, which lasted for 27 years, ultimately led to the annihilation of Athenian power and the dispersal of the Athenian Empire.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

This also became the beginning of Sparta's hegemony over Greece. [195]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

However, it is not only Athens that has suffered as a result of this war, as this conflict has significantly weakened all of Greece. [196]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Repeatedly defeated in battle by the Greeks, and troubled by numerous domestic revolts that interfered with Persia's ability against Greece, finally after 449 BC, Emperor Artaxerxes I and his successors used a different way, namely the politics of a sheep. [196]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Persia no longer directly attacked Greece, but instead sought to make Athens go to war against Sparta.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Persians routinely bribed politicians in Greece to achieve their goals.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

In this way, the Greeks were busy fighting each other and no longer paid attention to invading Persia. [196]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

There was no open conflict between Greece and Persia until 396 BC, when King Sparta Agesilaos invaded Asia Minor, it was not long.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

As written by Plutarkhos, the Greeks were too busy seeing the destruction of their own power and were unable to attack the “barbarians”. [184]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

The wars of the League of Delos had made moving the balance of power between Greece and Persia, so that Greece became a stronger party.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

But over the next half-century, the conflict in Greece had made the balance of power again turn on the Persians.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Persia entered the War of the Peloponnesos in 411 BC, forming a mutual defense pact with Sparta and combining their navy to fight Athens.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

In retaliation for his assistance, Persia again gained control of Ionia. [197]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

In 404 BC, when the Younger Koresh attempted to seize the Persian throne, he recruited 13,000 Greek mercenaries from all over the Greek world, and Sparta itself sent 700—800 warriors, believing that they were following a treaty and unaware of the forces' main purpose. [198]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

After Koresh failed, the Persians again tried to take control of the Ionian cities, which rebelled during the Persian busking against Koresh.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

The Ionian cities refused to surrender and appealed to Sparta for help, and Sparta gave aid in 396—395 BC. [199]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

However, Athens sided with the Persians, thus beginning again a large-scale conflict in Greece, namely the Korinthos War.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Towards the end of this conflict, in 387 BC, Sparta asked Persia for help to support its position.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Through the “Peace of the Emperors”, which ended that war, Emperor Artaxerxes II managed to regain the Greek cities of Asia Minor from Sparta, in retaliation for which the Persians threatened to declare war to any Greek city unwilling to make peace. [200]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

This agreement was embarrassing for Greece, and also made Greece lose almost everything it had achieved in the previous century.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

With this treaty, Sparta ceded the Greek cities in Asia Minor to Persia so that Sparta could maintain its hegemony in Greece. [201]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

It was after this treaty that the Greeks began mentioning about the Peace of Kallias (whether fictitious or not).


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

At this point, the Peace of Kallias became the opposite of the Emperor's Peace.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

The Peace of Kallias is called a pleasant example of the “magnificent past” when Greece managed to free Aigea from Persian rule through the League of Delos. [18]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

The final confrontation between the Greek world against the Persian Empire of Akhemeniyah occurred only 53 years later, when Aleksander the Great's forces crossed into Asia, marking the beginning of what would later end with the destruction of Persepolis and the fall of the Persian Empire of Akhemeniyah.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

See also History of Greece History of Iran Footnote^I:The timeframe of the occurrence of the “Greco-Persian War” varies according to some opinions, and the use of the term “Greco-Persian War” also varies among historical academics; the Ionian Revolt and the Wars of the League of Delos sometimes not included.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

This article covers the maximum reach of the Greco-Persian Wars. ^II:Archaeological evidence for Panionion before the 6th century BC is less strong, and it is likely that the temple was a development in the next time. [202] ^III:Although historically less accurate, but is a legend about a Greek messenger who ran to Athens to deliver the news victory, became the inspiration for sports activities, which were introduced at the 1896 Athens Olympics, and at first the race was conducted from Marathon to Athens. [203]


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Source Reference Ancient Sources Herodotos, Historia (Godley translation, 1920) Description: Thukydides, History of War Peloponnesos Xenophon, Anabasis, Hellenika Plutarkhos, Parallel Lives; Themistokles, Aristides, Perikles, Kimon Diodoros Sikolos, Bibliotheke historica Cornelius Nepos, Life Great Commander; Miltiades, Themistokles Modern sources CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text: editors list (link) de Souza, Philip (2003).


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

The Greek and Persian Wars, 499—386 BC.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Osprey Publishing, (ISBN 1-84176-358-6) CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) Transclusion error outer link: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

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Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

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Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

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Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

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Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Batchelor, J.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Clio History Journal, 2009.


Question: Was it a major event that ever happened in Greece as long as Aristides lived?

Greco-Persian Wars

Category:Wars involving Persia Category:Wars involving Sparta Category:Greece in 499 Category:Persia within 499 Category:Wars involving Ancient Greece Category:Wars involving Cyprus Category:Wars involving Ancient Egypt Category:Wars involving Cyprus Category:Wars involving Ancient Egypt Category:Wars Athens


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

Confiscate

Sita (Sanskrit: सीता; Sītā, also spelled Shinta) is the protagonist in the wiracarita Ramayana.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

Confiscate

She is the wife of Sri Rama, the main character of the tale.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

Confiscate

According to Hindu views, Sita is an incarnation of Laksmi, goddess of good fortune, wife of Lord Vishnu.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

Confiscate

The essence of the story of Ramayana is the abduction of Sita by Rahwana the king of Alengka Kingdom who wants to supervise her.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

Confiscate

This abduction resulted in the destruction of the Alengka Kingdom by the attacks of Rama assisted by the Wanara people of the Kingdom of Kiskenda.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

Confiscate

In the Javanese tradition of puppetry, Sita is more often spelled under the name Shinta.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

Confiscate

The meaning of the name In Sanskrit, the word Sita means “wrinkle”.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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The word “wrinkle” was a poetic term in the time of Ancient India, describing the scent of fertility.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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The name Sita in the Ramayana is likely derived from Goddess Sita, who was once mentioned in the Rigweda as an earth goddess who blessed the fields with quality crops.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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Like famous figures in other Hindu legends, Sita is also known by many names.


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As King Janaka's daughter, she was called Janaki; as Mithila's daughter, she was called Maithili; as Raama's wife, she was called Ramaa.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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Because he came from the Kingdom of Wideha, he was also known as Waidehi.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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The origin of Ramayana narrates that Sita was not Janaka's biological daughter.


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Once the Kingdom of Wideha was stricken by famine.


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Janaka as a king performs ceremonies or yadnya in a field area among others by plowing his land.


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It turned out that Janaka's plow hit a chest containing a baby girl.


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The baby was picked up to be an adopted child and considered the tutelage of Earth, the goddess of earth and fertility.


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Sita was raised in the court of Mithila, the capital of Wideha by Janaka and Sunayana, her consort.


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After her age stepped into adulthood, Janaka also held a ceremony to find the right partner for her daughter.


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The ceremony was to unfurl an all-heavy heirloom bow of Lord Shiva's grace, and was won by Sri Rama, a prince of the Kingdom of Kosala.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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After her marriage, Sita also lived with her husband in Ayodhya, the capital of Kosala.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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Next, Rama's stepmother named Kaikeyi wanted her biological son, Bharata who became the king of Ayodhya, not Rama.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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Kaikeyi also urged Dasarata to throw Rama into the forest for 14 years.


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Dasarata who was bound to oath was forced to obey the request of his second wife. As a filial son, Rama also went through the decision sincerely.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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The faithful Sita follows Rama's journey, as well as Rama's sister born to another mother, namely Laksmana.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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The three leave Ayodhya's palace to start life inside the forest.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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In the wilderness and mountains, Rama, Sita, and Laksmana associate a lot with priests and brahmins thus adding to their knowledge and cleverness.


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Abduction by Rahwana Rahwana was the king of the Rakshasa nation of Alengka Kingdom.


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His troops serving in Janastana were exhausted by Rama because they were fond of disturbing the brahmins.


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Rahwana also made retaliation accompanied by his maid named Marica.


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At first Marica disguised herself into a golden feathered gazelle and appeared in front of Rama's hut.


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Witnessing the beauty of the gazelle, Sita became interested and wanted to have it.


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As it continues to be urged, Rama eventually gives chase and attempts to capture him.


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Suddenly there was Rama's scream in the distance.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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Sita also told Laksmana to catch up with her husband.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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But Laksmana believes that the antelope is a giant jelmaan that at the same time mimics the sound of Rama's screams.


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Sita is angry to hear Laksmana's reply and accuses her sister-in-law of betrayal and of unkind intent.


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Laksmana is offended to hear of Sita's allegations.


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Before leaving, he first created an occult fence in the form of a protective line surrounding the cottage where Sita was waiting.


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After the departure of the Laksmana appeared an old brahmin who thirsted and asked to be given a drink.


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However he was unable to enter the lodge because he was blocked by the occult fence of the Laksmana.


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Sita who felt pity stretched out her hand to give the old brahmin drink.


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Suddenly the brahmin pulls Sita's arm and leads her away.


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The Brahmin is none other than the guises of Rahwana.


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He held Sita's body and took her flying in the air.


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The sound of Sita's crying is heard by an old bird named Jatayu, who is friendly with Dasarata's father Rama.


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Jatayu attacked Rahwana but he instead suffered a defeat and was mortally wounded.


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Sita remains brought away by Rahwana but she had time to drop her jewellery on the ground as a clue to Rama.


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In Alengka's palace Arriving at the Alengka Royal palace located in the city of Trikuta, Sita was taken captive in a beautiful garden, called Asoka Park.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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Around him are placed ravings who are ill-faced and evil but imbecile.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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During her captive in the Alengka palace, Sita always prayed and hoped that Rama would come to her aid.


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On one day it appeared a Wanara came to see him.


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He claimed to be named Hanoman, the envoy of Sri Rama.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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As proof Hanoman hands over a ring belonging to Sita that he used to throw away in the forest when he was kidnapped by Rahwana.


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The ring has been found by Rama.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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Hanoman persuades Sita to be willing to leave Alengka with her.


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Sita refused as she wanted Rama who came alone to Alengka to snatch it from Rahwana's hands valiantly.


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Hanoman was asked to come back and pass on that.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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The test of chastity Thanks to the help of Sugriwa the king of the Wanara nation, as well as Wibisana sister Rahwana, Rama managed to defeat the Kingdom of Alengka.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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After Rahwana's death, Rama also told Hanoman to go inside the palace to pick up Sita.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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This briefly made Sita disappointed because she hoped Rama would come alone and see firsthand about her circumstances.


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After bathing and purity, Sita encountered Rama.


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Apparently, Rama felt passionate about Sita's sanctity because his wife lived in the enemy's palace for a long time. Realizing that, Sita also told Laksmana to collect as much firewood and make a bonfire.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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Soon Sita jumped into the fire.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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From within the fire suddenly appeared Lord Brahma and God Agni lifting Sita's body in a living state.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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This proved the sanctity of Sita so that Rama was relieved to receive her back.


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Next life After returning home to Ayodhya, Rama, Sita, and Laksmana are greeted by Bharata with a ceremony of greatness.


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Bharata then handed over the royal throne to Rama as king.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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In Rama's reign there were rumors among commoners who doubted the sanctity of Sita inside the Rahwana palace.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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Rama felt distressed to hear the discordant voice.


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He finally decides to throw the conceiving Sita into the forest.


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In her disposal, Sita was helped by a clerk named Walmiki and was given a place to stay.


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Some time later, Sita gives birth to a pair of twins named Lawa and Kusa.


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Both grew up in the Resi Walmiki hostel and were taught chants that glorified the name of Ramacandra, their father.


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Once Rama held an Aswamedha ceremony.


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He sees two twin youths appear and sing a beautiful song that tells the story of his journey of yore.


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Rama also realized that the two young men who were none other than Lawa and Kusa were his own children.


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End of history At Rama's request through Lawa and Kusa, Sita was brought back to Ayodhya.


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But still heard rumors that the two twins are not Rama's biological children.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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Hearing that, Sita also swore that if she ever had an affair then the earth would not accept her.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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Suddenly the earth was split.


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The goddess Earth appears and brings Sita into the ground.


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Witnessing it Rama was very sad.


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He also gave up the throne of Ayodhya and thereafter reclused in the Ganges River until the end of his life.


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The above version is still debated about its authenticity.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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Some argue that, Rama and Sita lived happily after returning to Ayodhya.


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No more banishment against Sita.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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The story of Sita being swallowed by earth in the Ramayana is thought to be an addition that others wrote, rather than the handiwork of Walmiki.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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Those who reject the above version argue that Rama and Sita lived happily and ruled the Kingdom of Ayodhya for 11,000 years (supposedly this figure was considered prevalent at the time, namely the time of Treta Yuga).


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Sita only lived for a few years in the palace of Rahwana, so it can be considered a very small matter when compared to the length they lived.


Question: Who is the main character in the Ramayana wiracarita?

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The version of the Ramayana version above is quite different when compared to the story in the puppet, especially the one that developed in Java.


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In this version, Sita is referred to by the complete title of Rakyan Wara Sinta.


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Uniquely, she is also referred to as Rahwana's own biological daughter.


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Javanese version of Rahwana is told to fall in love with a female priest named Widawati.


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However Widawati rejects her love and chooses suicide.


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Rahwana was determined to seek and marry the reincarnation of Widawati.


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On the instructions of her teacher named Resi Maruta, Rahwana knew that Widawati would menitis as her own daughter.


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But when his wife named Goddess Kanung gave birth, Rahwana went to expand colonies.


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Baby girl born Kanung was taken Wibisana to be thrown in the river in a chest.


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Wibisana then swaps the baby for a baby boy she created from the mega in the sky.


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The baby boy finally recognized Rahwana as his son, and later became famous as Indrajit.


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Meanwhile, the baby girl who was banished Wibisana carried away by the river to the territory of Mantili Kingdom.


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The king of the country named Janaka picked up and made her an adopted daughter, with the name of Sinta.


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The next story is not much different from the original version, namely Sinta's marriage with Sri Rama, her abduction, until Rahwana's death in the great war.


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However the Javanese version mentions, after the war ended Rama did not become king in Ayodhya, but instead built a new kingdom called Pancawati.


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From her marriage to Rama, Sinta bore two sons named Ramabatlawa and Ramakusiya.


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The first son, Ramabatlawa brought down the kings of the Kingdom of Mandura, among others, Basudewa, and also his son named Kresna.


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The Javanese version of Kresna is referred to as the reincarnation of Rama, while his younger brother named Subadra is referred to as the reincarnation of Sinta.


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Thus the relationship of Rama and Sinta who in the previous life was conjugal turned into brother and sister in later life.


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See also Rama Laksmi Category:Ramayana Figures Category:Ratu in Hindu mythology


Question: what is the area of Lithuania?

List of countries by area

The following is a list of countries in the world by area of their region.


Question: what is the area of Lithuania?

List of countries by area

The sizes are given in SI metric units.


Question: what is the area of Lithuania?

List of countries by area

Regions of dependency are indicated along with its principal country; total area area is also indicated, but this list is compiled by area area The list of countries by area area The following states are arranged by area area, including provinces outside but not including areas of power.


Question: what is the area of Lithuania?

List of countries by area

Note The 196 countries on this list are member states of the United Nations coupled with Taiwan, the Vatican and Kosovo.


Question: what is the area of Lithuania?

List of countries by area

This list also includes 11 countries that have a total of 66 dependent regions (dependencies), of which 23 of them are not permanently resided and therefore are not on the list of countries by population.


Question: what is the area of Lithuania?

List of countries by area

The total is 259 countries and dependent regions.


Question: what is the area of Lithuania?

List of countries by area

The description of the African Union is 29,797,500 km2, and is the largest country in the world if counted as a single country.


Question: what is the area of Lithuania?

List of countries by area

Source header to force TOC CIA World Factbook, accessed December 10, 2012.


Question: what is the area of Lithuania?

List of countries by area

See also List of Countries List of countries by number of inhabitants List of countries by population density List of countries by continent List of countries by period of formation Area area


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The British Museum in London is one of the largest and most important museums in human history and culture in the world.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Its permanent collection amounts to more than 8 million objects, [4] which is one of the largest and most complete collections in the world [4] and comes from all continents, providing an overview and documentation of the history of human culture from the beginning to the present.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The British Museum was founded in 1753, which started from a collection belonging to a physician and scientist named Sir Hans Sloane.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The museum first opened to the public on 15 January 1759 at Montagu House in Bloomsbury, which became the location of the present museum.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The development of the museum over two and a half centuries was a result of the flourishing record of colonial Britain and resulted in the creation of several institutions, the first of which was the British Museum (Natural History) in South Kensington in 1887.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Some notable collections include the Elgin Marbles of the Parthenon, which became a controversy regarding the homecoming of the object to its home country.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Until 1997, when the British Library (formerly the reading room of the British Museum) moved to a new location, the British Museum was a unique institution because it had a national ancient museum and a national library in the same building.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The museum is a nondepartmental public body sponsored by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport, and like other museums throughout the United Kingdom, it does not attract an entrance fee, except for the loaning of collectible objects. [5]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Since 2002 the director of the British Museum has been Neil MacGregor. [6]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The history of Sir Hans Sloane, founder of the British Museum Although at this time the British Museum is a museum specializing in art and ancient objects, it was established as a “universal museum”.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Its founding began from the bequest of a physician and naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660-1753).


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

During his lifetime, Sloane collected objects that aroused his curiosity.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The collection is called cabinet of curiosities.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Sloane did not want the collection to be damaged after he died, he then bequeathed it to King George II, in order to be utilized by his country.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The collection is valued at around £20,000. [7]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

At that time, Sloane's collection numbered 71,000 objects, [8] including among them 40,000 books, 7,000 manuscripts, very complete natural history specimens (including 337 dried fruits of plants), Prints and drawings including works by Albrecht Dürer and ancient objects from Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greek, ancient Roman, Near East and Far East and American history. [9]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Establishment (1753) On 7 June 1753, King George II gave approval to Parliament to make a decision to establish the British Museum.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

A regulation (Foundation Act) even added two libraries into Sloane's collection.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The Cotton Library, founded by Sir Robert Bruce Cotton since Elizabethan times and the Harleian library built by Robert Harley, First Earl of Oxford.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

All of them were merged into one in 1757 by the Royal Library.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

These collections are now many of which are valuable collections of books in the British Library, [10] including Lindisfarne Gospels or known by Indonesians with the Lindisfarne Doctrine and the only remaining print of Beowulf.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The British Museum is the first new museum, the national museum, which is owned by neither the church nor the king, is open to the public and has the purpose of collecting all objects. [11]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

With the addition of two libraries to the British Museum, then the British Museum became a National Museum and a National Library. [12]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan JMPL|left|200px|Room 4 — The red granite statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) The British Museum is the second largest and most complete location of the Ancient Egyptian art collection, totalling more than 100,000 pieces, [13] after the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The collections owned by the museum are objects of all periods and locations of importance in Ancient Egypt and Sudan.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The entire collection recounts the culture of the Nile Valley (including Nubia) with a span of more than 11,000 years, from the Prehistoric Neolithic period (around 10,000 BC), to the time of Coptic Christianity (12 AD).


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Ancient Egyptian art has formed the collection of the British Museum since the museum was first built in 1753 after obtaining 160 ancient objects from Egypt [14] given by Sir Hans Sloane.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

After the defeat of France under Napoleon I at the Battle of the Nile in 1801, the collection of Ancient Egyptian objects was usurped by the British army and given to the British Museum in 1803.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Some of the objects are included among them the famous Rosetta Stone, constituting the first significant collection owned by the British Museum.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Afterwards, the United Kingdom appointed an Ancient Egyptologist named Henry Salt as Consul in Egypt who amassed a large collection of ancient objects.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Most of these ancient objects acquired by Salt, were bought by the British Museum and the Louvre Museum.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

By 1866 the collection of this department had numbered 10,000 objects.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Ancient objects obtained from archaeological excavations began to come to museums in the late 19th century as a result of the work of the Egyptian Explorers Group under the leadership of E.A. Wallis Budge.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

By 1924, the museum's collection had numbered 57,000 pieces.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Due to the British Museum's full support for archaeological excavations in Egypt, it made archaeological objects from Egypt continued to arrive until the 20th century AD, and began to diminish when ancient laws in Egypt were applied.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The collection of this department at this time amounts to more than 110,000 objects. [15]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

In autumn 2001, 8 million objects that became the permanent collecist of the British Museum were added to Wendorf's collection of 6 million objects from the Prehistoric period of Egypt and the Prehistory of Sudan. [16]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The collection was donated by Professor Fred Wendorf of Southern Methodist University in Texas, and includes the entire collection of artifacts and ecofacts from his entire excavations conducted between 1963 to 1997.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

This entire collection is in the care of the Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Seven permanent Egyptian-themed galleries at the British Museum, including its largest exhibition room (Room 4, for large sculptures and sculptures), can hold only 4% of their Egyptian collection.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The second-floor gallery houses a selection collection of 140 Mummies and coffins, and it is the largest outside of Cairo's Egyptian Museum.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Exceptional collections relating to death rituals, especially mummies, constitute a very much visited collection by visitors.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The main collection objects of this department include: the Rosetta Stone (196 BC) Battlefield Palette, (circa ~3500 to 3000 BC).


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Statue of limestone regarding a husband and wife (1300 BC) Giant chest statue of Ramesses II (1250 BC) Amenhotep III (1350 BC) Head statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) Giant chest sculpture made of limestone depicts Amenhotep III (1350 BC) Saite Sarcophagus of Satsobek List ancient Egyptian king of the Temple of Ramesses III located in Abydos, Egypt (1250 BC) False door of limestone Ptahshepses (2380 BC) Granite statue of Senwosret III (1850 BC) The mummy of Cleopatra of Thebes (100 AD) Amarna Tablets (Represents a collection totaling 95 of 382 clay tablets found, is the second most in the world after, Berlin which amounts to (203 tablets) (1350 BC) [17] Obelisk Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360—343 BC) Gayer-Anderson's cat made of bronze Space 4 — Rosetta Stone, 196 BC, the key to breaking Egyptian hieroglyphs Space 4 — Three patng black granite pharaoh Sesotris III, 1850 BC Room 4 — Giant chest statue of Amenhotep III, 1370 BC Room 4 — Three black granite paunches regarding Goddess Sakhmet, 1400 BC Amenhotep III, circa 1350 BC Room 4 looks north Greek and Roman department JMPL|ka|200px|Room 21 — Mausoleum Mausolus, mid-4th century BC , one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The British Museum is one of the largest and most complete ancient collections for the Classical Era, with more than 100,000 objects. Its collection spans the beginning of the Greek Bronze Age (around 3,200 BC) to the reign of Roman Emperor Constantine I in the 4th century AD.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

In this department are exhibited concerning the Kyklades civilization, the Minoan Civilization and the Mykenai Civilization, and the collections of Ancient Greece include among them important sculptures from the Parthenon in Athens, and two of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, namely Mausoleum Mausolus of Halicarnassus and the Temple of Artemis at Ephesos.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The department also houses collections from Ancient Italian peoples and Etruskan civilizations and material groups from Cyprus.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

A very important collection of jewelry and objects of ancient bronze, Greek vases and glasses and Roman silverware.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The main collections of the department are: Acropolis of Athens Collection of Elgin marble from the Parthenon Erekhtheion gallery One of six remaining Caryatids The remaining Columns Athena Nike Gazette Frieze extant Sculptures from Bassae 23 Frieze beams remaining from the interior of the Temple of Apollo Mausoleum Mausolus of Halicarnassus One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Two free-styled large-sized statues identified as Maussollos and his wife Artemisia.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Part of the horse pulling the War Carriage adorns the top of the Monument of relief tombs depicting the wars between Greeks and Amazonian women.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Temple of Artemis in Ephesos One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World of Asia Minor Monument Nereid Partial reconstruction of the Monument found in Xanthos west-southwest Turkey Tomb Payava of Xanthos in southwest Turkey Other Museum Collections Material from the palace Knossos Vase Portland Warren Cup Discus thrower [18] Towneley Sculpture Room 18 — Statues of the Parthenon from the east pediment and Metopes Parthenon from the south wall of Room 19 — Caryatid and Corintia columns of Erekhteion, Acropolis of Athens, 421 BC Room 20 — Tomb of Payava, Lycia, 360 BC Room 22 — columns from the Temple of Artemis at Ephesos, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, early 4th century BC Space 22 — Apollo kitharoidos (holding a Lira (Musical Instrument)), Roman, 2nd century AD Famous version of 'Crouching Venus', Roman, First Century AD Room 22 — Replica of the famous Roman marble statue 'Spinario (Boy with Thorn) ', Ages first A.D. Room 84 — Towneley Roman Sculpture Department of the Middle East JMPL|300px|Room 9 — Relief of Nineveh Palace The department was formerly referred to as the Department of the Near East Antiquity, with a collection approaching the number of 330,000 objects, [19] The British Museum has the largest and most important collection of Mesopotamian ancient objects located outside Iraq.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The collection owned by the British Museum is a very important collection, as it houses the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Sumerian collections which are the best collections in the world with an entire room panelled with carvings embossed from the ocean.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Koleksiny a was brought in from important sites between the Euphrates river and the Tigris River and included among them the cities of Nimrud, Nineveh and Khorsabad.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The collection owned by this museum represents the ancient civilizations of the Near East and the area around it.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The area included Mesopotamia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, Anatolia, the Caucasus, some parts of Central Asia, Syria, Palestine, and the Phoenicians in the western part of the Central Sea from Prehistoric times to the beginning of the Islamic revival in the 7th century AD.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The Print and Drawing Art Department of Print and Drawing Art houses a national collection of all matters related to print and drawing art from the west.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The department is the largest and best storage location in the world, along with the Albertina in Vienna, the Paris collection and the Hermitage Museum.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

This storage can be accessed by the public in the Study Room, unlike any other collection. [20]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The department also has its own exhibition gallery on Room 90, where exhibition displays are changed several times a year. [21]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Since its establishment in 1808, the department's collection has grown into a collection with an international level and is one of the richest and the most complete in the world.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

There are nearly 50,000 images and 2 million prints. [21]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

There are several collections of works by famous artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, Dürer (the Department's collection is 138 pieces and is the best collection), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, and Claude and Watteau.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The Prehistoric and European Department of Prehistory and Europe is responsible for collections spanning a very long time and geographic.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

This includes the first objects made by humans 2 million years ago; art and archaeology in Europe from the beginning to the present, including among them the history of Britain during the time of Roman occupation.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Collections within this department also include the collection of horology, which is the science that studies and measures time.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

In particular, the British Museum has the largest and most complete collection of the period from 300 AD to 1100 AD, from Spain to the Black Sea and North Africa to Scandinavia.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Notable collections of this department are: Treasure Sutton Hoo Chess Pawns Lewis Cup Ringlemere Tablet Vindolanda Lycurgus Cup Royal Gold Relic Holy Thorn Franks Casket Some other collections among them the Mildenhall treasure, the Water Newton treasure, the Hoxne Hoard, and the Vale of York Hoard.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Space 2 — Hand-held axe, Early Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, 1.2 million years ago Space 3 — Carved Swimming Reindeer, France, Ice Age, 13,000 years (one of the oldest artworks in the world, and also the oldest artwork in the British Museum collection) [22] Room 2 — Ain Sakhri lovers, from the cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, 11,000 years ago (representation of two people having sexual intercourse the oldest in the world) [23] Room 51 — Mold cape, or Golden Robe, North Wales, Bronze Age, 1900—1600 BC (one astu best example of prehistoric gold weaving works) Room 49 — Hinton Mosaic St. Mary, Roman Britain, 4th century AD (one of the earliest representations of Christ and the only portrait in floor mosaics of the entire Roman empire) Room 2 — Helmet of Sutton Hoo, Angle-Saxon, early 7th century AD Room 40 — Royal Gold Cup or St. Agnes Cup, 1370—80 AD (in general approved as an awesome example that still remains from late medieval France) Room 45 — Holy Thorn Reliquary, Paris, 1390s A.D. The Department of Asia Studies is vast, with a collection of over 75,000 objects covering cultures throughout Asia (from Eastern, Southern, Central and Southeast Asian) and such collections from the Neolithic period to the present. [24] [25] [26] The main collections of the Department of Asia are: [27] A complete collection of sculptures from the Indian subcontinent, including among them Buddhist limestone reliefs from Amaravati [28] Excellent collections Ancient objects, paintings and porcelains, objects of bronze and jade, and other art objects from China Collection of Buddhist paintings from Dunhuang and Admonitions Scroll or Advice Gazette written by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi (344-406 AD) A complete collection of Japanese art before 20th century in the western world.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Sculpture of Amravati, first century AD and third A.D. One part of the Advice Gazette by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, 380 A.D. Another section concerning the Advice Gazette of the Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580—1626), Mughal Sultanate, India, 1615 A.D. The holy vessel of Hamsa made of crystal, from The Gandhara, First Century AD Department of Africa, Oceania and the American British Museum houses the most complete collection of Ethnographic objects from Africa, Oceania, and the Americas, representing indigenous peoples around the world.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

More than 350,000 collection objects [29] covering the history of human culture over 2 million years and the diverse cultures of all three continents.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Sainsbury's African Gallery is exhibiting 600 objects that are best from their collection about African art and culture.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Three permanent galleries provide exhibition space for more than 200,000 museum collections.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Objects on display range from archaeological and contemporary objects, including rare works of art and everyday objects.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The main collections belonging to the British Museum are thousands of collections of bronze objects from the Kingdom of Benin; the brass heads of Yoruba leaders from Ife, Nigeria; Asante gold works from Ghana; and the Torday collection of African sculptures, textiles and weapons.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The American collection is mostly 19th and 20th century AD objects.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Nevertheless, the objects of the Inka Kingdom, Aztek, Maya and some other cultures are well presented.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

At this time, the British museum was still adding to its collection regarding modern artefacts.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Room 24 — The Wellcome Trust Gallery with Hoa Hakananai'a in the middle of the Otobo Mask Department of Coins and Medals of the British Museum is where the world's finest Numismatic collection is located, totaling more than one million objects.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The collection of coins and medals covers the entire history of the currency from its inception in the 7th century BC to the present day.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

There are approximately 9,000 coins, medals and banknotes on display at the British Museum.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

More than half can be found within the HSBC money gallery (Gallery 68), while the rest can be found in permanent exhibitions throughout all sections of the museum.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Collectible objects as a whole can be viewed by the general public in the Study Room by agreement. [30]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The Department of Conservation and Scientific Research The department was established in 1920.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The conservancy has six specialist areas: ceramics and glass; metals; organic matter (including textiles); stone, frescoes and mosaics; Eastern and Western drawing art.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The Scientific Department [31] has and continues to develop techniques to determine the dating of artifacts, analysis and identification of materials used in the manufacture of these artifacts, to identify the location of the artifact originated and the techniques used in their manufacture.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The department also publicized the discoveries they obtained.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The Library and Archives of this Department covers all levels of education, from ordinary visitors, schools, university education and further levels.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The museum's various libraries hold more than 350,000 books, journals and pamphlets covering the entire museum collection area.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The public archives of the museum established in 1753 are maintained by this department; each department has separate libraries and archives covering the area to which they are responsible, which can be accessed by the public by applying.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The Anthropolygical Library is among the largest, with 120,000 volumes of books. [32]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

For the Paul Hamlyn library, which is now the central reference library of the British Museum and the only library ang open to the public, this library is closed forever since August 2011. [33]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

British Museum Press British Museum Press (BMP) is a printing company owned by the British Museum Company (BMCo), a registered body built in 1973 to cover all commercial activities carried out by the British Museum. [34]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

There is some debate over whether museums can have artifacts taken from other countries, and the British Museum is an easy target to reap censure.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Elgin Marble, Bronze Objects from Benin, and Rosetta Stone are among the few collectible objects in debate, and many organizations have asked for the return of these artifacts to their home countries such as Greece, Nigeria, and Egypt.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The British Museum refused to return these artefacts, and stated that if the British Museum allowed the objects to be returned to the country of origin of the maker, it would leave the British Museum and other major museums around the world empty. [35]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The British Museum also argued that by Decree the British Museum of 1963 it lawfully prohibited all objects from leaving the British Museum's collection after they entered it.


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

However, the museum has returned several objects such as Tasmania's Ash after 20 years of intense debate with Australia. [36]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The British Museum constantly asserts that their side is the keeper and nurse of good objects and has an absolute right to the disputed artefacts in the English Law Disputed Collection of Elgin Marble — claimed by Greece and supported by one of them by UNESCO to indemnity. [37]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

Bronze Objects from Benin — claimed by Nigeria, 30 pieces were sold by the British Museum privately in the 1960s. [38]


Question: Where is the British Museum located?

British Museum

The ark of Ethiopia — claimed by Ethiopia [39] 4 images of Nazi loot — Compensation awarded to Uri Peled with the sum of £175,000 by the British Museum [40] Achaemenid royal gold and silver artefacts of the Oxus treasure — claimed by Tajikistan [41] Human remains of Tasmania — returned to Tasmania by British Museum [36] Rosetta Stone — claimed by Egypt [42] More than 24,000 scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, books and reliquaries of the Mogao Cave, including among them the Diamond Silk — claimed by China [43] Galleri Building The main staircase with discus thrower sculptures of the British Museum Ceiling British Museum Indoor Square Detail of Ionian pilasters on the Great Square Gardens Africa — created by a BBC TV programme entitled Ground Force Gallery Museum Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan Room 4 — Sculpture of Egypt Room 61 — The famous fresco entitled 'Pond in a Garden' from the Tomb of Nebamun, from 1350 BC Middle East Department Room 6 — Sculpture Assyrian Room 7 — Relief of the northwestern part of the palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud Room 89 —Relief Palace Nimrud & Nineveh Room 10 — Nineveh Room 55 — The Dying Lion, Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, 645 BC (considered one of the Assyrian works of art) Department of Greek and Roman Room 18 — Ancient Greece Room 20a — Merehi Tomb & Greek Vase, Lycia, 360 BC Space 85 — Portrait Sculpture, Roman Room 83 — Roman Sculpture Main Stair, (Disc Thrower), Roman Main Stair — Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140—160 M Room 22 — Marble Sculpture of Demeter, 350—330 BC Department of Prints and Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci — Virgin Mary and the Infant Jesus with Santa Anne and Santa John the Baptist (1499—1500 AD) Room 90 — Michelangelo, Epifania — the only two-dimensional visual art of his which in large measure survived (1550—53 AD) Raphael — Head Sketch , Mother and Child (1509/11 AD) Department of Prehistory and Europe Space 38—39 — Mechanical Galleon, Augsburg, circa 1585 A.D. Exhibition Exhibition of Forgotten Kingdoms (October 2005 — January 2006) Room 5 — Panoramic Exhibition Space 5 — Persepolis Space 5 — Exhibition Relic Space 5 — Cyrus Cylinder Reference Outside Category:Museums in the United Kingdom Category:Museums in London


Question: who was the founder of SWA?

Kemal Effendi Gani

Kemal Effendi Gani is an Indonesian journalist. [1]


Question: who was the founder of SWA?

Kemal Effendi Gani

He led SWA magazine by becoming the editor-in-chief and general leader of the magazine containing topics about economics and business. [2]


Question: who was the founder of SWA?

Kemal Effendi Gani

Kemal Effendi Gani is married to Prita Kemal Gani, a public relations expert and founder and owner of The London School of Public Relations (LSPR), Jakarta.


Question: who was the founder of SWA?

Kemal Effendi Gani

Their marriage has been endowed with three children, Ghina Amani Kemal Gani, Raysha Dinar Kemal Gani, and Fausan Kanz Kemal Gani. [3]


Question: who was the founder of SWA?

Kemal Effendi Gani

Iwan Piliang Outside Links Reference (May 2, 2010).


Question: who was the founder of SWA?

Kemal Effendi Gani

The English Writers.


Question: who was the founder of SWA?

Kemal Effendi Gani

Retrieved 18 February 2014.


Question: who was the founder of SWA?

Kemal Effendi Gani

Category:Indonesian Journalists Category:Minangkabau Figures


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

Electronic commerce (English: electronic commerce or e-commerce) is the dissemination, purchase, sale, marketing of goods and services through electronic systems such as the internet or television, www, or other computer networks.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

E-commerce can involve electronic funds transfers, electronic data exchange, automated inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

The information technology industry sees this e-commerce activity as an application and application of e-business (e-business) related to commercial transactions, such as: electronic transfer of funds, SCM (supply chain management), electronic marketing (e-marketing), or online marketing (online marketing), online transaction processing (online transaction processing), electronic data interchange (EDI), etc.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

E-commerce is part of e-business, where the scope of e-business is wider, not only just business but also includes business partner collaborations, customer services, job openings etc.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

In addition to www network technology, e-commerce also requires database technology or databases (databases), electronic mail (e-mail), and other forms of non-computer technology such as delivery systems, and payment tools for this e-trade.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

The history and development of E-commerce was first introduced in 1994 when the first time electronic banners were used for the purpose of promotion and advertising on a web-page (website).


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

According to Forrester Research, electronic trading generated sales for US$12.2 billion in 2003.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

According to another report in October 2006 ago, online retail revenue that is non-travel in the United States is foreseen to reach a quarter of a trillion US dollars in 2011.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

The term “electronic trading” has changed in line with the times.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

Initially, electronic trading meant the utilization of commercial transactions, such as the use of EDI to send commercial documents such as purchase orders or invoices electronically.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

Then he developed into an activity that has the more precise term “web trading” — the purchase of goods and services through the World Wide Web through secure servers (HTTPS), a dedicated server protocol that uses encryption to keep important customer data confidential.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

At first when the web became famous in the community in 1994, many journalists predicted that e-commerce would become a new economic sector.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

However, it was only about four years later that secure protocols such as HTTPS entered the mature stage and were widely used.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

Between 1998 and 2000 many businesses in the US and Europe developed these trade websites.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

The Indonesian Model of Classified Ads, is one form of e-commerce that is relatively simple, can be considered an evolution from classifieds commonly encountered in newspapers into the online world.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

Sellers who use social media or forums to advertise, usually cannot directly complete the transaction on the website concerned.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

But sellers and buyers must communicate directly to transact.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

Examples of classified ads: Olx.co.id (formerly Tokobagus), Bercommerce, and FJB-Kaskus.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

Retail, is a type of e-commerce where all buying processes are carried out through the system that has been implemented by the relevant retail site.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

Therefore, buying activities in retail are relatively safe, but usually the choice of products available is not too much, or only focus on one-two product categories.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

Examples of retail: Berrybenzka, Zalora and Lazada.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

Marketplace, can be considered as an online mall service provider, but those who sell are not website providers, but members who register to sell on the website of the marketplace concerned.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

Marketplaces generally provide an additional layer of security for each transaction that occurs, such as an escrow payment system or more commonly known as a joint account.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

So every transaction occurs within the marketplace system, the marketplace will be the third party to accept the payment and guard it until the product has been delivered by the seller and accepted by the buyer.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

After the delivery process is completed, then the payment money is passed to the seller.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

Fraud Problems by means of identity theft and dispiriting customers.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

Less developed laws in this field of e-commerce.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

Business applications Some common applications related to e-commerce are: E-mail and Messaging Content Management Systems Documents, spreadsheets, Accounting databases and financial systems Delivery information and ordering Information reporting from clients and enterprise Domestic payment systems and international Newsgroup On-line Shopping Conferencing Online Banking/Internet Banking Product Digital/Non Digital Online SEO Famous companies Famous companies in this field include: eBay, Amazon.com, and PayPal.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

The field of electronic commerce in Indonesia itself began to squirm since the presence of startups engaged in electronic commerce such as elevenia, Lazada, bukalapak, tokopedia.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

Match of goods There are several items that are suitable for sale electronically such as small electronics, music, software, photography, etc.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

Unsuitable items such as goods that have a low price and weight ratio, items that need to be tasted, held, tasted, etc. (god rizky) See also M-trade L-trade Marketing Management Electronic data exchange Advanced reading Chaudhury, Abijit & Jean-Pierre Kuilboer (2002), e-Business and E-commerce Infrastructure, McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-247875-6 Seybold, Pat (2001), Customers.com, Crown Business Books (Random House), ISBN 0-609-60772-3 Transclusion error outer link: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is ecommerce?

Electronic commerce

Category:Information Technology Category:Marketing Category:Information technology management


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (English: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or GATT) is a multilateral agreement governing international trade.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Based on its efficacy, the purpose of the agreement is “substantial reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers and the removal of preferences, based on the principle of reciprocity and mutual benefit.”


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

The agreement was negotiated during the United Nations Trade and Employment Conference and was the result of the failure of interstate negotiations to create the International Trade Organization (ITO).


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

GATT was signed by 23 countries in Geneva, Switzerland, on 30 October 1947 and entered into force on 1 January 1948.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

The GATT was valid until the signing of the Uruguay Round Agreement by 123 countries in Marrakesh, Morocco, on 14 April 1994, which established the founding of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on 1 January 1995.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

The original manuscript of GATT (GATT 1947) is still valid within the WTO framework, based on the 1994 GATT changes. [1]


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

The GATT round has hosted in its entirety nine rounds.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Annecy Round: 1949 Second round was organized in 1949 in Annecy, France.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Thirteen countries took part in this round.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

The main focus of the talks was more on reducing tariffs with a total of about 5000 tariffs.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Torquay Round: 1951 Third round occurred in Torquay, England in 1951.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

In this round 38 countries took part.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Obtained 8,700 fare concessions with the proceeds, thus leaving 75% of the prevailing rates of 1948.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

The United States' temporary rejection of the Havana Charter marked the establishment of GATT as a world body of a governing nature.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Geneva Round: 1955-1956 Fourth round was again held in Geneva of 1955 and lasted until May 1956.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

There are 26 countries taking part.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Fares with a nominal $2.5 billion were abolished or reduced.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Dillon Round: 1960-1962 The fifth round once again took place in Geneva and took place 1960-1962.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

The name of this round is taken from the name of Treasury Secretary and former U.S. Deputy Secretary of State, Douglas Dillon, who first proposed this round.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

This round was followed by 26 countries.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

In addition to reducing more than $4.9 billion in tariffs, this round also generated discussions relating to the establishment of the European Economic Community (European Economic Community or EEC) Kennedy Round: 1962-1967 The sixth round of GATT multilateral trade negotiations was held from 1963 up to 1967.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

This round was named by one U.S. President, John F. Kennedy, in tribute to his support for reformulating the U.S. trade agenda, which resulted in the Trade Expansion Act of 1962.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

That law gives the U.S. President the greatest authority for negotiations.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Dillon's round goes through a laborious process as tariff negotiations are conducted one at a time.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Therefore, long before the round ended, it was realized that a more comprehensive approach was needed to deal with the challenges that would arise as a result of the establishment of the EEC and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), as well as due to the re-emergence of Europe as a significant international trade offender in general.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Japan's high economic growth rate is a sign that Japan will play a big role as an exporter, but the focal point of the Kennedy Round remains on relations between the U.S. and the EEC.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

And in fact there is an influential view of Americans who see that the Kennedy Round was the beginning of a trans-Atlantic partnership that ultimately led to a trans-Atlantic economic society.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Those views extended spread to Europe, but the process of European unification created its own pressures under the pressure of the Kennedy Round which was not then a major focus for the EEC.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

An example of this was the French veto over British membership in January 1963, before the Kennedy Round began.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Tokyo Round: 1973-1979 This round reduced tariffs and established new rules aimed at controlling the proliferation of nontariff barriers and voluntary export restrictions.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

In this round 102 countries took part and the concessions made were worth $190 billion.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Uruguay Round: 1986-1994 Round Uruguay Round started in 1986.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

This round was the most ambitious, with the hope of expanding GATT's competence on important new areas, such as services, capital, intellectual property, textiles, and agriculture.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

There were 123 countries taking part.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

The Uruguay round is also the first multilateral trade negotiations involving developing countries that have played an active role.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Agriculture is essentially exempt from previous treaties because agriculture is granted special status in terms of import quotas and export subsidies, with only mild caveats.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

But, at the Uruguay Round, many countries considered the exclusion of agriculture to be quite eye-catching because fourteen countries refused to sign a new agreement without any movement on agricultural products.


Question: How many countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

The fourteen countries were then known by the name “Cairns Group” and included in it most small- and medium-scale exporters of agricultural products, such as Australia, Brazil, Canada, Indonesia, and New Zealand.