Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Similar to this, theories from classical physics can be used to surmise many from ionic structures.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

In more complex/complicated compounds, such as metal complexes, valence bond theory cannot be used because it requires deeper understanding with the basis of quantum mechanics.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

A chemical bond can be a covalent bond, an ionic bond, a hydrogen bond or simply due to the Van der Waals force.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Each of these types of bonds is thought to derive a potential


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

This potential creates interactions that hold atoms together in molecules or crystals.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

In many simple compounds, valence bond theory, the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model (VSEPR theory), and the concept of oxidation numbers can be used to explain the structure and composition of molecules.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Ion bonds form when the metal loses one or more electrons, becoming positively charged cations, as well as electrons are then withdrawn by non-metallic atoms, becoming negatively charged anions.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

The two oppositely charged ions attract each other, and the ion bond is the tensile electrostatic force between them.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

For example, sodium (Na), a metal, loses one electron to become a Na+ cation while chlorine (Cl), a non-metal, accepts these electrons to become Cl-.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

The ions will be bonded into one due to electrostatic attraction, as well as sodium chloride (NaCl) compounds, or common kitchen salts, are formed.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Chemical reactions Chemical reactions are transformations/changes in the structure of a molecule.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

This reaction can result in the merger of molecules forming larger molecules, the cleavage of the molecule into two or more smaller molecules, or the augmentation of the atoms in the molecule.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Chemical reactions always involve the forming or breaking of chemical bonds.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Oxidation, reduction, dissociation, acid-base neutralization as well as molecular rearrangement reactions are some of the commonly used types of chemical reactions.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Chemical reactions can be symbolically described through chemical equations.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

While in non-core chemical reactions the number as well as types of atoms on both sides of the equation are the same, for core reactions this applies only to core particles i.e. protons and neutrons. [26]


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

A sequence of stages that rearrange chemical bonds can occur in the course of a chemical reaction referred to as its mechanism.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Chemical reactions can conceivably occur in a number of stages, each of which can have different velocities.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Many intermediate reactions with varying stability can thus be depicted during the reaction.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Reaction mechanisms are put forward to explain the kinetics as well as the mixture of relative products of a reaction


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Quantum chemistry Quantum chemistry mathematically explains the basic behavior of matter at the molecular level.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

In principle, it is possible to explain all chemical systems using this theory.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

In practice, only the simplest chemical systems can realistically be investigated with pure quantum mechanics and must be performed virtually for most practical purposes (e.g., Hartree—Fock, post-Hartree-Fock, or density function theory, see computational chemistry for the details).


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Hence, a deep understanding of quantum mechanics is not necessary for most fields of chemistry because the important implications of theories (especially orbital vacancy) can be understood and applied more simply.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

In quantum mechanics (some applications in computational chemistry and quantum chemistry), the Hamiltonan, or physical state, of a particle can be expressed as a summation of two operators, one relating to kinetic energy and the other with potential energy.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

The hamiltonan in the Schrödinger wave equation used in quantum chemistry has no terminology for the spin of electrons.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Completion of the Schrödinger equation for hydrogen atoms gives the shape of the wave equation for the atomic orbital, and the relative energies of the 1s, 2s, 2p, and 3p orbitals.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Orbital blanks can be used to understand other atoms such as helium, lithium, and carbon.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

The laws of chemistry The laws of chemistry are actually the laws of physics applied in chemical systems.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

The most fundamental concept in chemistry is the Law of mass immutability which states that there is no measurable change in the amount of substance at the time of an ordinary chemical reaction.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Modern physics shows that it is actually energy that is eternal, and that energy and mass are interrelated.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

This energy immutability leads to the importance of the concepts of equilibrium, thermodynamics, and kinetics.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Chemical reactions are governed by certain laws, which have become a basic concept in chemistry.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Some of those laws are: Avogadro's Law of Boyle's Law (1662, linking pressure and volume) Charles's Law (1787, linking volume and temperature) Gay-Lussac's Law (1809, linking pressure and temperature) Le Chatelier's Principle of Henry Hess's Law Law of energy eternity Law The law of comparison remains The law of double comparison Raoult's Law of Chemical Industry Chemical industry is one of the important economic activities.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

The world's top 50 chemical producers in 2004 had sales of USD $587 billion with a profit margin of 8.1% and engineering (research and development) expenditures of 2.1% of total chemical sales. [12]


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Professional association American Chemical Society American Society for Neurochemistry Chemical Association Indonesia International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Royal Society of Chemistry Society of Chemical Industry World Association of Theoretical and Computational Chemists See also List of chemical compounds List of chemists International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Periodic table Chemical Engineering Indonesian Chemical Association Reference Library Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) Outside links (in Indonesian) - Indonesia Chemistry Website (in Indonesian) (in English) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

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Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

General chemistry textbooks in Wikibooks Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead., see especially the section “Gold Book” which contains the definition of chemical terms Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

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Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

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Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

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Question: What is pure chemical science?

Chemistry

- Indonesia Chemical Site


Question: what is the number of countries in north america?

List of countries in North America

The following is a list of countries in North America alphabetically, including colonies.


Question: what is the number of countries in north america?

List of countries in North America

Colony areas are marked by oblique print.


Question: what is the number of countries in north america?

List of countries in North America

Anguilla [1] Antigua and Barbuda Aruba [2] [3] United States Netherlands Antilles [2] [4] Aves Island [5] Bahamas Barbados Belize Bermuda [1] Cayman Islands [1] Clipperton Island [6] Dominica Dominican Republic El Salvador Greenland [7] Grenada Guadeloupe [6] Guatemala Haiti Canada Costa Rica Cuba Martinique [6] Mexico Montserrat [1] Template:Country data asNavassa Island [8] Nicaragua Panama Puerto Rico [9] Saint Barthelemy [6] Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint-Martin [6] Template:Country data Saint Pierre and Miquelon [6] Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Template:Country data ColombiaPartemen San Andrés and Providencia [10] Trinidad and Tobago [3] Turks and Caicos Islands [1] United States Virgin Islands [9] British Virgin Islands [1] Sovereign States (23) Countries with wide international recognition in North America (including Central America).


Question: what is the number of countries in north america?

List of countries in North America

Dependencies and autonomous regions, countries with limited recognition, or countries that are not recognized Dependencies that are not internationally recognized, or not in effect, are listed in italics.


Question: what is the number of countries in north america?

List of countries in North America

Other areas Reference North America Main Country Page


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

Neutration (also called castration or castration) is a surgical act and or using chemicals aimed at eliminating testicular function in males or ovarian function in females.


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

Castration can be performed either in animals or humans.


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

Human The practice of castration was done by man even long before it was recorded in history. [1]


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

Castration is sometimes performed on the basis of religious or social reasons in certain cultures in Europe, the Middle East, South Asia, Africa, and East Asia.


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

After warfare, the victor usually castrates by cutting off the penises and testicles of the corpses of warriors who have been defeated as a symbolic act of “depriving” them of their strength and mightiness.


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

Castrated males — eunuchs — were usually employed and admitted to privileged social classes and usually became employees of bureaucracies or palace households: particularly harem.Castration also appeared in the religious world.


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

While some religions such as the Jewish religion strongly prohibit this practice.


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

The Book of Leviticus for example specifically forbids eunuchs or whose genitals are deformed from entering into Catholic monks, as previous traditions forbade neutered animals to be sacrificed.


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

In Chinese history, eunuchs or so-called eunuchs were known to hold considerable power in the court, sometimes seizing power from legitimate emperors, as mentioned in the history of the Han dynasty, and the period near the end of the Ming dynasty.


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

The same events were also reported to occur in the Middle East.


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

In antiquity, castration also involved cutting off the entire male genitalia, both the testicles as well as the penis.


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

This practice was extremely dangerous and often resulted in death from severe bleeding or infection, so in some cultures such as the Byzantium Empire, castration was equated with the death penalty.


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

Cutting only his testicles alone reduces the risk of death.


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

Surgery to remove both testicles or chemically castration is medically possible as a procedure for treatment of prostate cancer. [2]


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

Treatment by reducing or eliminating the intake of the hormone testosterone — either chemically or surgically is performed to slow the progression of cancer.


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

The loss of testicles means the loss of testosterone hormone also reduces sexual desire, obsession, and sexual behavior.


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

Male transsexuals who feel themselves female have undergone orchiectomy procedure, removal of male genitals, as part of a male to female genital change operation.


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

Patrick Barbier Library Reference, The World of the Castrati: the History of an Extraordinary Operatic Phenomenon Souvenir, 1996, ISBN 0-285-63309-0 Susan Elliott, Cutting Too Close for Comfort: Paul's Letter to the Galatians in Its Anatolian Cultic Context Reviews in Review of Biblical Literature's Travis Nygard and Alec Sonsteby.


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

In The Cultural Encyclopedia of the Body, edited by Victoria Pitts, pages 502-507.


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2008.


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

Theresa McCuaig, “.”


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate


Question: Where can neutering be performed?

Castrate

Links Website arguing against the castration of domestic animals Category:Surgery Category:Torture Category:Punishment


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Physics (Greek: [φυσικός] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (fysikós), “natural” and [φύσις] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (fýsis), “nature”; English: physics; Arabic: الفيزياز) is science or natural science that studies the material [1] and its motion and behavior in scope of space and time, in conjunction with related concepts such as energy and force. [2]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

One of the most basic science sciences, the main goal of physics is to understand how the universe works. [lower-alpha 1] [3] [4] [5] Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines, perhaps the oldest through astronomy that also belongs to it. [6]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Over two millenia, physics became part of the Natural Sciences along with chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics, but when the advent of the scientific revolution in the 17th century, natural sciences flourished as a research program of its own. [lower-alpha 2] Physics intersects with many research areas of other fields of science, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and its physical limits are not clearly defined.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

New sciences in physics are sometimes used to explain other basic mechanisms of science [3] as well as pave avenues of other research areas such as mathematics and philosophy.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Physics also contributed important contributions in the development of the evolving technologies of theoretical thinking.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

For example, further understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics directs directly to the development of new products that dramatically shape modern society, such as televisions, computers, home appliances, and nuclear weapons; [3] advances in thermodynamics lead to the development of industrialization, and the advancement of mechanics inspired the development of calculus.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The history of ancient Astronomy JMPL|Ka|ancient Egyptian astronomy is attested in monuments such as the ceiling of the Senenmut Tomb of the eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Astronomy is the oldest natural science.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The oldest recorded civilizations were around 3000BC, such as the Sumerians, Ancient Egyptians, and the Indus Valley Civilization. All of them have predictive knowledge and a basic understanding of the movements of the moon, sun, and stars.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Stars and planets are sometimes used as targets for worship, they believe that is their God.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Although explanations for this phenomenon were often unscientific and weak evidence existed, these early observations served as the basis for subsequent astronomical science. [6]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

According to Asger Aaboe, the beginnings of Western world astronomy can be found in Mesopotamia, and all Western endeavors in exact science are derived from late Babylonian times. [8]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Egyptian astronomers left monuments showing knowledge of constellations and movements of celestial bodies, [9] whereas the Greek poet Homer inscribed various celestial bodies in his works Iliad and Odyssey; subsequent Greek astronomers gave names still used today, for most constellations are visible from the northern hemisphere. [10]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Natural philosophy Natural philosophy is sourced from Greece in the Arkais period, (650 BCE — 480 BCE), when pre-Socratic philosophers such as Thales rejected non-naturalistic explanations for natural phenomena and stated that every occurrence has its natural cause. [11]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

They proposed ideas that were proved by reason and observation, and many of their hypotheses proved successful in experiments; [12] for example, atomism was finally ascertained to be true after 2000 years after it was first proposed by Leukippos and his student Democritos. [13]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Physics in Medieval Islam Islamic scholars have derived Aristotelian physics from Greece and during the Gyday Islam progressed more and more, placing observation and thought a priori as its focus, developing an early form of the scientific method.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The most important discoveries were in the fields of optics and vision, resulting from the handiwork of many scholars such as Ibn Sahl, Al-Kindi, Ibn al-Haytham, Al-Farisi and Avicenna.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

His most important work was The Book of Optics (also known as Kitāb al-Manāṣir), written by Ibn Al-Haitham, in which he was not only the first to reject the ancient Greek idea of vision, but also provided a new theory.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

In this book, he was also the first to study the study of pinhole cameras and developed them.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

By dissecting and using the knowledge of previous thinkers, he was able to begin to explain how light entered the eye, was focused, and projected back into the eye, as well as creating the world's first camera obskura hundreds before the development of modern photography. [14]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The seven-volume book Book of Optics (Kitab al-Manathir) was of great influence in cross-disciplinary thinking from the theory of visual perception to the realms of perspective on medieval artistry in both the East and the West, for over 600 years.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Many scholars as well as subsequent European polymaths, ranging from Robert Grosseteste and Leonardo da Vinci to René Descartes, Johannes Kepler and Isaac Newton, used his thinking.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The influence of Ibn al-Haytham's optics also came in one of Newton's similarly titled works, which was only published 700 years later.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The translation of The Book of Optics had a great impact on Europe.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Starting from there, European scholars were able to make the same equipment as Ibn al-Haytham, and understand how light worked.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

From this, several inventions such as glasses, magnifying glass, telescopes, and cameras developed.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Classical physics Physics became a separate science when early modern Europeans used experimental and quantitative methods to discover what are referred to as the laws of physics. [15]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Major developments in this period include the replacement of the geocentric model of the solar system with the heliocentric Copernicus model, the laws governing the motion of planets put forward by Johannes Kepler between 1609 and 1619, experiments on telescopes and astronomical observations by Galileo Galilei in the 16th and 17th centuries, as well as Isaac Newton's discovery of the laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation. [16]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Newton also developed calculus, [lower-alpha 3] the study of mathematical changes, which provided new mathematical methods for solving physics problems. [17]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The discovery of new laws in thermodynamics, chemistry, and electromagnetism resulted from research efforts on the Industrial Revolution because it required additional energy. [18]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

These laws of classical physics are still in wide use today for everyday objects travelling at non-relativistic speeds, as they give excellent estimates on the conditions.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Theories such as quantum mechanics and relativistic theory can be simplified into their classical equivalents.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

However, the inaccuracy of classical mechanics for very small objects and very fast objects spurred the development of modern physics in the 20th century.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Modern physics Modern physics originated in the early 20th century when Max Planck conducted research on quantum theory and Albert Einstein conducted research on the theory of relativity.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Both of these theories arose as a result of the inaccuracy of classical mechanics under certain conditions.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Classical mechanics predicts that the rate of light is diverse, not corresponding to the constant rate estimated by Maxwell's equations regarding electromagnetism.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

This error was eventually corrected by Einstein through his theory of special relativity, which then substituted classical mechanics for fast-moving objects and their velocities close to the rate of light. [19]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Black-object radiation was also a problem for classical physics, which was later corrected when Planck proposed that the oscillator excitation of a material was only possible in a discrete step (discrete step) proportional to its frequency.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

This theory, along with the photoelectric effect and later became a more complete theory predicting the orbital discrete energy levels of electrons, eventually made the theory of quantum mechanics substitute classical physics for the level of infinitesimal objects. [20]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Emergent quantum mechanics spearheaded by Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger and Paul Dirac. [20]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

From the results of this early work, the standard model of particle physics was derived. [21]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Following the discovery of particles with characteristics consistent with the Higgs boson at CERN in 2012, [22] all elementary particles predicted by the standard model, emerged and were taken into account; however, physics beyond the Standard Model, such as the theory of supersymmetry, is a growing area of research. [23]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Mathematical sciences are generally important in these areas, such as probability and group studies.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Current research Physics research is experiencing constant progress in many fields, and will still remain so far in the future.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

In the physics of condensed objects, the largest theoretical irresolvable problem is the explanation of high-temperature superconductivity [24].


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Much research in condensed physics was done to make spintronics and quantum computers work. [25] [26] In particle physics, the first pieces of experimental evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model have begun to produce.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The most famous is the designation that neutrinos have a non-zero mass. The results of these experiments seem to have resolved the long-standing problem of solar neutrinos in solar physics.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The Giant Hadron pounder has discovered the Higgs boson.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Future research aims to prove or undo supersymmetry, which extends the Standard Model in particle physics.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Research into dark matter and dark energy is also being conducted. [27]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The physics of large neutrinos is an active research area of experimentation and theory.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

In the next few years, particle accelerators will begin researching energy scales within the TeV range, which is where experimentalists hope to find evidence for the Higgs boson and particle supersymmetry.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Theorists are also trying to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity into a single theory of quantum gravity, a program that has been running for half a century, and is still not bearing fruit.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The next top candidates are M-Theory, superstring theory, and loop quantum gravity.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Many astronomical and cosmological phenomena have not been satisfactorily explained, including the existence of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, baryon asymmetry, the acceleration of the universe and the acceleration of the anomalous spin of galaxies.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Although many advances have been made in high-energy, quantum, and astronomical physics, many other everyday phenomena, concerning complex systems, [28] chaos [29], or turbulence [30] are still understandable only a little.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Complicated problems that seem to be solved by clever applications of dynamics and mechanics, such as the formation of sand piles, “nodes” in water “trickling”, catastrophic theory, or self-sorting in heterogeneous collections that vibrate are still unsolvable. [31]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

This complicated phenomenon has received more and more attention since the 1970s for several reasons, none other than due to the lack of modern mathematical methods and computers that can compute complex systems to be modeled in new ways.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Inter-disciplinary relationships from complex physics have also improved, such as in turbulence lessons in aerodynamics or observations of formation patterns in systems biology.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

In 1932, Horrace Lamb [32] said: “I am old now, and when I died and went to heaven there were two things I hoped to make light of.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

One is quantum electrodynamics, and another is the turbulens motion of a fluid.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

And I'm more optimistic about the former.”


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Core theory Although physics studies a wide variety of systems, certain theories are used by all physicists.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Each of these theories is trialled by experimentation many times and becomes an adequate estimate of nature.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

For example, classical mechanics theory explains the motion of objects that move much more slowly than the rate of light and are much larger than atoms.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

This theory is still an area of research today.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Chaos theory, an important aspect in classical mechanics was discovered 20th century, three centuries after the initial formulation of Isaac Newton (1642—1727).


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

This main theory is an important tool for research to go towards more specialized topics, and any physicist, no matter what specialty, is expected to know.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Among them are classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, electromagnetism, and special relativity.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Classical physics Classical physics includes the branches and topics that have been known and developed before the 20th century: classical mechanics, acoustics, optics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Classical mechanics studies objects that move as a result of force and can be divided into statics (the study of still objects), kinematics (the study of motion regardless of the cause) and dynamics (the study of motion and the forces that affect it).


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Mechanics can also be divided into solid mechanics and fluid mechanics (known together as continuum mechanics), its derivative branches such as hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, aerodynamics, and pneumatics.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Acoustics is the study of how sounds are made, controlled, transmitted, and received. [33]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Important modern branches of acoustics include ultrasonic, the study of sound waves at very high frequencies above human capabilities; bioacoustics, physics of hearing in animals, [34] and electroacoustics, manipulation of sound waves using electronics. [35]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Optics, the study of light, is concerned not only for visible light but also for infrared and ultraviolet radiation, which explains all visible light phenomena such as reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, dispersion, and polarization of light.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Heat is one form of energy, the energy in which particles have derived from the substance of their formation; thermodynamics spoils the relationship between heat and other forms of energy.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Electricity and magnetism are studied as one branch of physics due to their proximity which began to be researched early in the 19th century; an electric current can give rise to a magnetic field, and a change in the magnetic field induces an electric current.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Electrostatics studies electric charge when stationary, electrodynamics with moving charge, and magnetostatics for magnetic poles when stationary. Modern physics Classical physics mostly focuses on matter and energy at normal observational scales, whereas most modern physics focuses on the behavior of matter and energy at extreme conditions or on very large/very small scales.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

For example, atomic and nuclear physics study matter at small scales where chemical elements can be identified.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Elementary particle physics is even smaller because of its focus on the most basic units of matter; this branch of physics is known as high-energy physics because it takes extraordinarily large energies to manufacture many types of particles at a particle accelerator.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

At this scale, the usual notations for space, time, matter, and energy are no longer valid. [36]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The two main theories of modern physics provide a picture of different concepts regarding space, time, and matter from classical physics.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Classical mechanics estimates nature is continuous, whereas quantum theory focuses on the discrete natural properties of many phenomena on atomic and subatomic scales and additional aspects of particles and waves to explain these phenomena.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The theory of relativity focuses on the explanation of phenomena housed in a frame of reference that moves towards the observer; the theory of special relativity focuses on relative uniform motion on straight lines and the theory of general relativity with accelerated motion and its relation to gravity.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Quantum theory and the theory of relativity are used in all areas of modern physics. [37]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Differences between modern physics and classical physics Although physics aims to find universal laws, the theory leans towards a certain domain of use.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

General speaking, the laws of classical physics can accurately explain systems whose size is larger than the atomic scale and whose motion is much slower than the speed of light.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Beyond this, existing observations do not match the predictions made.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Albert Einstein contributed to the framework of special relativity, which replaced absolute space and time notation with spacetime and allowed accurate descriptions of systems whose components moved close to the rate of light.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Max Planck, Erwin Schrödinger, and other physicists introduced quantum mechanics, probabilistic notation of particles and their interactions that allowed accurate descriptions at atomic and subatomic scales.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

At the end, quantum field theory combines quantum mechanics and special relativity.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

General relativity allows for curved, dynamical spacetime, with unusually massive systems and the structure of the large-scale universe can be explained.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

General relativity has not been combined; several candidates of quantum gravity theories are being developed.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Overview of theoretical and experimental Physics Physics research The culture of physics research differs from other sciences because of the separation of theory and experiment.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Since the twentieth century, most individual physicists specialize in theoretical physics or experimental physics alone, and in the twentieth century, few have succeeded in both fields.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

In contrast, almost all theorists in biology and chemistry are also successful experimentalists.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Easily, theorists try to develop theories that can explain the results of experiments that have been tried and can estimate the results of upcoming experiments.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Meanwhile, experimentalists concoct and execute experiments to test theoretical estimates.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Although theories and experiments are developed separately, they are interdependent.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Advances in physics usually arise when experimentalists make inexplicable discoveries from existing theories, thus necessitating the formulation of new theories.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Without experimentation, theoretical research often goes in the wrong direction; one example is M-theory, a popular theory in high-energy physics, because the experiments to test it have never been compiled.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Major physics theories Although physics addresses a wide variety of systems, there are several theories used as a whole in physics, rather than in one field alone.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Each of these theories is believed to be true, within a certain territory of ordnance.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

For example, the theory of classical mechanics can precisely explain the movement of objects, provided that they are larger than atoms and move at speeds much slower than the speed of light.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

These theories are still being researched; for example, an admirable aspect of classical mechanics known as chaos theory was discovered in the twentieth century, three centuries after it was formulated by Isaac Newton.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

However, few physicists consider these basic theories to diverge.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Therefore, such theories are used as a basis for research towards more specialized topics, and all doers of physics, whatever their specialty, are expected to understand those theories.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Major areas in physics Research in physics are divided several fields that study different aspects of the matter world.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The physics of condence-objects, estimated to be the largest field of physics, studies the properties of large objects, such as solids and liquids that we encounter every day, which derive from the properties and mutual interactions of atoms.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The fields of atomic, molecular, and optical Physics deal with individual atoms and molecules, and the way they absorb and emit light.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The field of particle Physics, also known as “High-energy Physics”, studies the property of super-small particles that are much smaller than atoms, including elementary particles that make up other objects.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Finally, the field of Astrophysics applies the laws of physics to explain astronomical phenomena, ranging from the sun and other objects in the solar system to the universe as a whole.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Particle physics Particle physics is the study of the forming constituents of matter and energy and the interactions between them. [38]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

In addition, particle physicists also designed and developed high-energy accelerators, [39] detectors, [40] and computer programs [41] required in this study.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

This branch is also known as “high-energy physics” because many elementary particles do not arise naturally but can only be created when particles collide with each other at high energy. [42]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Currently, the interaction between elementary particles and the field is described by the Standard Model. [43]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The model includes 12 known particles of matter (quarks and leptons) that interact via fundamentally strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces. [43]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Dynamics is described in terms of particles of matter exchanging gauge bosons (gluons, W and Z bosons, and photons, sequentially). [44]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The Standard Model also predicts a particle known as the Higgs boson. [43]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

In July 2012 CERN, the European laboratory for particle physics, announced that it detected a particle consistent with the Higgs boson, [45] an integral part of the Higgs mechanism.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Nuclear physics is the branch of physics that studies the shaping and interactions of atomic nuclei.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The best-known applications of nuclear physics are nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons technology, but his research has also been applied in many fields, such as medical nuclear and magnetic resonance imaging, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating on geology and archaeology.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Atomic, molecular, and optical physics The physics of atoms, molecules, and optics studies matter-matter and matter-light interactions at the atomic and single-molecule scales. These 3 fields are grouped into one because of their interrelationships, similarities of methods used, and relevant energy scales.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

These three fields are covered in classical, semi-classical, and quantum physics; they can be treated from a microscopic point of view.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Atomic physics studies atoms.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Current research focuses on quantum control, cooling, and capture of atoms and ions, [46] [47] [48] dynamics of low-temperature collisions and the effects of electron correlation on structure and dynamics.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The nucleus of an atom is affected by the nucleus (cth. hyperfine splitting), but inter-nuclear phenomena such as nuclear fission and nuclear fusion are considered part of high-energy physics.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Molecular physics focuses on multi-atomic structures and inner and outer interactions with matter and light.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Optical physics differs from optics in terms of the tendency to focus not on the control of light by macroscopic objects but on the basic properties of the optical field and its interaction with matter on the microscopic scale.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Condensed substance physics The physics of condensed substances is a field of physics that studies the physical properties of macroscopic sized matter. [49]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

In particular, it dwelled on condensed phases that arise when the number of particles in the system is very large and the interaction between them is strong. [25]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

One of the easiest examples of condensed phases are solids and liquids, which arise from the bonds of electromagnetic force between atoms. [50]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Other condensed phases include superfluid [51] and Bose—Einstein condensate [52] found in certain atomic systems at very low temperatures, superconductivity phases indicated by electron conduction in certain materials, [53] and ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spin on the crystal structure. [54]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The physics of condensed substances is the largest field of contemporary physics.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

From its history, condensed substance physics emerged from solid state physics but is currently considered a subfield. [55]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The term physics of condensed substances was introduced by Philip Anderson when he renamed his research in 1967. [56]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

In 1978, the Division of Solid Phase Physics at the American Physics Association was renamed as the Division of Condensed Substances. [55]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

The physics of condensed substances is often wedged with chemistry, materials science, nanotechnology and engineering. [25]


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

See also General Glossary of classical physics Glossary of physics List of elementary physics formulas, Formulas of elementary physics List of important publications in physics List of physicists Relations between mathematics and physics Development timeline in theoretical physics Timeline of basic discoveries of physics The main branch of Classical Mechanics Electromagnetism Modern Physics Thermodynamics Optics Branch relates Astronomy Chemical Engineering Mathematics Cosmology The interdisciplinary branch involves Acoustic physics Biophysics Econophysics Geophysics Nanotechnology Neurophysics Psychophysics web requires |website= (help) Cite web requires |website= (help) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link) Cite web requires |website= (help) Outlink (in English) (in English) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

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Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

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Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

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Question: What is the branch of aerodynamics science?

Physics

Category:Selected article physics stubs


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Animals, animals, fauna, wildlife, or animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that make up the biological kingdom of Animalia.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

With few exceptions, animals consume organic matter, breathe oxygen, can move, reproduce sexually, and grow from a hollow ball of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

More than 1.5 million surviving animal species have been descripted—about 1 million are insects—but there are estimated to be more than 7 million animal species in total.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Animals are from 8.5micrometres to 33.6metres long and have intricate interactions with each other and their environment, forming intricate food webs.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The study of animals is called zoology.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Most living animal species are classified in Bilateria, a clad whose members have bilaterally symmetrical body wakes.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Bilateria includes protostoma—within which there are many invertebrate groups, such as nematodes, arthropods, and mollusca—and deuterostomas, which include echinodermata and chordata (including vertebrates).


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Life forms interpreted as ancient beasts exist in the Ediakara biota of the late Prakambrium.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The modern animal phylum became apparent in the fossil record as a marine species during the Cambrian explosion about 542 million years ago. 6,331 gene clusters to which all living animals have been identified; these may have arisen from a single common ancestor that lived 650 million years ago.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Aristotle divided animals into animals that had blood and animals that did not.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Carolus Linnaeus created the first hierarchical biological classification for animals in 1758 with his Systema Naturae, developed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck into 14 phylum in 1809.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

In the late 1800s, Ernst Haeckel divided the animal kingdom into multicellular Metazoa (now a synonym of Animalia) and Protozoa, single-celled organisms that are no longer considered animals.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

In modern times, animal classification relies on advanced techniques, such as molecular phylogenetics, which are effective in demonstrating evolutionary relationships between animal taxa.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Humans utilize many other animal species for food, including meat, milk, and eggs; for materials, such as leather and wool; as pets; and as working animals for power and transportation.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Dogs are used in hunting, while many land and aquatic animals are hunted for sport.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Animals have appeared in art since the earliest times and become part of mythology and religion.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Etymology In English, “animal” is called animal, from Latin that is “animalis”, meaning “having breath”. [1]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

In everyday nonformal usage, the word usually refers to nonhuman animals. [2]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Occasionally, close relatives of humans such as mammals and other vertebrates are addressed in nonformal use. [3]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The biological definition of the word refers to all members of the kingdom Animalia, encompassing creatures as diverse as sponges, jellyfish, insects and humans. [4]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Characteristics Animals have several characteristics that distinguish them from other living things.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Animals are eukaryotic (have a core membrane) and multicellular, [5] [6] unlike bacteria, which are prokaryotic, and unlike protista, which are eukaryotic but unicellular.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Unlike plants and algae, which produce their own nutrients [7] animals are heterotrophic, [6] [8] eat organic matter and digest it internally. [9]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

With very few exceptions, animals breathe oxygen and espirate aerobically. [10]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

All animals are motile [11] (capable of spontaneously moving the body) during at least part of their life cycle, but some animals, such as sponges, corrals, shells, and tuckles, then become sessile.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The blastula is a stage in embryonic development unique to most animals,, [12] allowing cells to differentiate into specialized tissues and organs.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Structure All animals consist of cells, surrounded by a typical extracellular matrix, composed of collagen and elastic glycoproteins. [13]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

During development, the extracellular matrix of animals forms a relatively flexible framework in which cells can move and reorganize, making the formation of complex structures possible.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The extracellular matrix can undergo calcification, forming structures such as shells, bones, and spicules. [14]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

In contrast, the cells of other multicellular organisms (especially algae, plants, and fungi) are held in place by cell walls, and develop with progressive growth. [15]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Animal cells have cell joints called tight joints, gap joints, and desmosomes. [16]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

With few exceptions—in particular, sponges and placozoa—animal bodies are composed of tissue. [17]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Examples of tissues include epithelial tissue, which lines the surface or cavity of the body; [17] connective tissue, which binds tissue and supports the body structurally; [17] muscles, which allow movement; and neural tissue, which sends signals and coordinates the body.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Typically, there is also an internal digestive chamber with one opening (as in flatworms) or two openings (as in deuterostoma). [18]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Reproduction and growth Almost all animals use a form of sexual reproduction. [19]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Animals produce haploid gametes by meiosis; smaller, movable gametes are spermatozoa and larger, non-motile gametes are ovums. [20]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The spermatozoa and ovum unite to form a zygote, [21] which develops through mitosis into a hollow sphere, called a blastula.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

In sponges, blastula larvae swim to new locations, attach to the seabed, and develop into new sponges. [22]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

In most other groups, the blastula undergoes a more elaborate rearrangement. [23]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The blastula undergoes invagination to form a gastrula with a digestive chamber and two separate germinal layers, the external ectoderm and the internal endoderm. [24]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

In many animals, a third germinal layer, the mesoderm, also develops in between. [25]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

These germinal layers then differentiate to form tissues and organs. [26]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Repeated inbreeding with close relatives generally leads to inbreeding depression in a population due to an increase in the prevalence of harmful recessive traits. [27] [28] Animals have evolved many mechanisms to avoid inbreeding. [29]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

In some species, such as splendid fairywren (Malurus splendens), females benefit by mating with many males, resulting in more offspring of higher genetic quality. [30]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Some animals are capable of asexual reproduction, which often results in genetic clones of the parent animal.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

This may occur through fragmentation; budding, as in Hydra and other cnidaria; or parthenogenesis, where fertile eggs are produced without mating, such as aphids. [31] [32] JMPL|straight|left|predators, such as this ultramarine flycatcher (Ficedula superciliaris), feed on organisms else.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Animals are categorized into ecological groups depending on how they acquire or consume organic matter, including carnivores, herbivores, omnivores, detritivors, [33] and parasites. [34]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Interactions between animals form intricate food webs.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

In carnivorous or omnivorous species, predation is a resource-consumer interaction in which predators feed on other organisms (referred to as prey). [35]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The selective pressure imposed on each other leads to an evolutionary arms race between predator and prey, resulting in a variety of antipredator adaptations. [36] [37] Almost all multicellular predators are animals. [38]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Some consumers use several methods; for example, in parasitoid wasps, larvae feed on the host's living tissue, killing it in the process, [39] but adult wasps mainly consume nectar from flowers. [40]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Other animals have very specific feeding behaviors, such as scale turtles that mainly feed on sponges. [41]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Most animals rely on energy generated by plants through photosynthesis.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Herbivores consume plants directly, while carnivores, and other animals at higher trophic levels, usually acquire energy (in the form of reduced carbon) by eating other animals.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and other biomolecules are broken down to allow animals to grow and maintain biological processes such as locomotion. [42] [43] [44] Animals living near hydrothermal vents and cold seepages on the dark ocean floor are independent of sunlight energy. [45]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

In contrast, archaea and bacteria in this place produce organic matter through chemosynthesis (by oxidizing inorganic compounds, such as methane) and forming the basis of local food webs. [46]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Animals originally evolved in the ocean.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Several arthropod lineages colonized the mainland at around the same time as terrestrial plants, probably between 510—471 million years ago during the Late Cambrium or Early Ordovisium. [47]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Vertebrates such as the Tiktaalik meat-finned fish began moving into the land in late Devon, about 375 million years ago. [48] [49] Animals occupy almost all habitats and microhabitats on earth, including saltwater, hydrothermal vents, freshwater, hot springs, swamps, forests, grasslands, deserts, air, and the inside of animals, plants, fungi and stones. [50]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

However animals are not very heat-resistant; very few animals can survive at constant temperatures above 50°C (122°F). [51]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Few animal species (mostly nematodes) inhabit the coldest deserts of the Antarctic continent. [52]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Largest and smallest Diversity Blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) are the largest animals that have ever lived, weighing up to 190 metric tons and reaching 336 metres (1,102ft) in length. [53] [54] [55] The largest extant land animal is the african bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), with weight reaches 12.25 tons [53] and up to 1,067 metres (3,501ft) long. [53]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The largest land animals that ever lived were titanosaur-like sauropod dinosaurs such as Argentinosaurus, which probably weighed up to 73 tons. [56]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Some animals are microscopic; some Myxozoa (obligate parasites belonging to Cnidaria) never grow larger than 20μm, [57] and one of the smallest species (Myxobolus shekel) is no more than 8.5μm when growing up. [58]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Species counts and habitats The following table lists the estimated number of extant existing species for the animal groups with the largest number of species, [59] with their primary habitats (land, freshwater, [60] and marine), [61] and free or parasitic ways of life. [62]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The species estimates shown here are based on scientifically described numbers; much larger estimates have been calculated based on different ways of prediction, and these can vary widely.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

For example, approximately 25,000-27,000 nematode species have been described, while published estimates of the number of nematodes include 10,000-20,000; 500,000; 10 million; and 100 million. [63]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Using patterns in the taxonomic hierarchy, the number of animal species—including undescribed—was calculated to be about 7.77 million in 2011. [64] [65] [lower-alpha 1] Evolutionary origins The first fossils that may represent animals appear in 665 million-year-old rocks in the Formation Trezona in South Australia.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

These fossils are interpreted as early sponges. [76]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The oldest animals were found in the Ediakara biota, towards the end of Prakambrium, about 610 million years ago.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Whether the Ediakara biota constitutes an animal has long been doubted, [77] [78] [79] but the discovery of cholesterol animal lipids in Dickinsonia fossils established that the Ediakara biota was truly an animal. [75]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Most known animal phylum first appear in the fossil record during the Cambrian explosion, beginning about 542 million years ago, in a place like the Burgess Shale.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Extant phylum that can be found in these rocks include Mollusca, Brachiopoda, Onychophora, Tardigrada, Arthropoda, Echinodermata and Hemichordata, along with various extinct forms such as Anomalocaris which are predatory.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The sudden occurrence of such events may be an artifact of the fossil record, rather than suggesting that all these animals appeared simultaneously. [80] [81] [82] [83] Some paleontologists state that animals arose much earlier than the Cambrian explosion, perhaps as early as 1 billion years ago. [84]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Trace fossils such as traces and burrows from the Tonian period may indicate the presence of triploblastic worm-like animals, approximately as large as (about 5mm wide) and as complex as earthworms. [85]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

However, similar traces are generated at this time by the giant single-celled protista Gromia sphaerica, so Tonian fossil traces may not indicate early animal evolution. [86] [87] Around the same time, other evidence may point to the emergence of grazing animals: coated mats of microorganisms that so-called stromatolites decreased their diversity, probably because they were eaten by animals. [88]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The phylogeny of Animals is monophyletic, meaning they are descended from a common ancestor and form a single clad within the Apoicozoa.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Choanoflagellatee is his brother clad. [89]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The most basal animals, Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria, and Placozoa, have body wakes that lack bilateral symmetry, but their relationship is still debated.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

As of 2017, Porifera is considered the most basal animal. [90] [91] [92] [93] [94] [95] Ctenophora could be an alternative to Porifera, [96] [97] [98] [99] which like Porifera does not have hox genes, important in the wake development of the body.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

These genes are found in Placozoa [100] [101] and higher animals, Bilateria. [102] [103] 6,331 gene clusters that all living animals have have been identified; these genes may have arisen from a single common ancestor that lived 650 million years ago at the time of Precambrium. these are new core gene groups, which are only found in animals; of those gene groups, 8 are for important components of the Wnt and TGF-beta signaling pathways that may have allowed animals to be multicellular by providing patterns for the body axis system (in three-dimensional), and 7 others for transcription factors, including homeodomain proteins involved in developmental control. [104] [105] The phylogenetic tree (only major lineages) shows roughly how many million years ago (jtl) the lineage split. [106] [107] [108] Apoicozoa Choanoflagellatea Animalia Porifera Eumetazoa Ctenophora ParaHoxozoa Placozoa Planulozoa Cnidaria Bilateria Xenacoelomorpha Nephrozoa Deuterostomia Chordata and its relative Echinodermata Protostomia Ecdysozoa Arthropoda and its relatives Nematoda and its relatives >529JTLSpiralia Gnathifera Rotifera and its relative Chaetognatha Platytrochozoa Platyhelminthes and its relative Lophotrochozoa Mollusca Annelida and its relatives 75 px550jtl580jtl610jtl650jtlTriploblast680jtl760jtl950jtl Non-bilaterian animals Some animal phylum lack bilateral symmetry.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Among these, sponges (Porifera) probably diverged first, representing the oldest animal phylum. [109]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Sponge lacks the complex organization found in most other animal phylum; [110] its cells have differences, but in many cases are not organized into different tissues. [111]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

They usually feed by inserting water through the pores. [112]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Ctenophora (comb jellyfish) and Cnidaria (which includes jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals) have radial symmetry and have digestive cavities with single openings, which serve both as mouth and anus. [113]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Animals in both phylum have different tissues, but these tissues are not organized in organs. [114]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

They are diploblastic, that is, they have only two main germinal layers, the ectoderm and the endoderm. [115]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Placozoa are small in size similar to both of the above phylum, but they do not have a permanent digestive cavity. [116] [117] The remaining animal bilateria, most animals — comprising about 29 phylum and more than one million species — form a clad, Bilateria.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Its body is triploblastic, with three well-developed germinal layers, and their tissues form distinct organs.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The digestive chamber has two openings, the mouth and the anus, and there is an internal body cavity, a selom or pseudoselom.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Animals with bilaterally symmetrical body wake have head (anterior) and tail end (posterior) as well as back (dorsal) and abdomen (ventral); therefore they also have left side and right side. [118] [119] Having a front end means that this part of the body is subjected to stimulation, Such as food, supports cephalization, the development of the head with the sense organs and mouth.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Many bilateria have a combination of circular muscles that constrict the body, making it longer, and a set of elongated (longitudinal) muscles, which shorten the body; [119] this allows soft-bodied animals with hydrostatic skeletons to move with peristalsis. [120]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

They also have intestines along the length of the body that are essentially cylindrical from mouth to anus.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Many phylum bilateria have primary larvae that swim with cilia and have apical organs containing sensory cells.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

However, there are exceptions to each of these characteristics; for example, adult echinodermata are radially symmetrical (unlike their larvae), while some parasitic worms have a greatly simplified body structure. [118] [119] Genetic studies have greatly changed the understanding of experts zoology about relationships within Bilateria.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Most phylum belong to two major lineages, Protostomia and Deuterostomia. [121]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The most basal bilateria are Xenacoelomorpha. [122] [123] [124] Protostoma and deuterostoma Protostoma and deuterostoma differ in several respects.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Early in development, deuterostoma embryos undergo radial weeding during cell division, while many protostomas (Spiralia) undergo spiral weeding. [125]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Animals of both groups have a complete digestive tract, but in the protostoma the first opening of the intestine of the embryo develops into the mouth, and the anus is formed secondarily.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

In deuterostoma, the anus is formed first and the mouth develops secondarily. [126] [127] Most protostoma have schizocoelous development, in which cells fill only the inside of the gastrula to form a mesoderm.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

In deuterostom, the mesoderm is formed by enterocoelous pockets, through invagination of the endoderm. [128]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The major deuterostoma phylum are Echinodermata and Chordata. [129]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Echinodermata exclusively live in the sea and include starfish, sea urchins, and cucumbers. [130]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Chordata is dominated by vertebrates (animals with backbones), [131] consisting of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. [132]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Deuterostoma also includes Hemichordata (acorn worms). [133] [134] Ecdysozoa JMPL|straight|Exdicate: these dragonflies have emerged from dry exuviae and spread their wings.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Like other arthropods, its body is divided into segments.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Ecdysozoa are protostoma, named after a common property that is existent, growth by moulting. [135]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Ecdysozoa includes the largest animal phylum, Arthropoda, which includes insects, spiders, crabs, and their relatives.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

All of these have bodies divided into recurved segments, usually with appendage (limbs) that come in pairs.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Two smaller phylum, Onychophora and Tardigrada, are close relatives of arthropods and share those traits.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Ecdysozoa also includes Nematodes or gilig worms, possibly the second largest animal phylum.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Nematodes are usually microscopic, and are present in almost every environment where there is water; [136] some are important parasites. [137]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Smaller phylum that are related to it are Nematomorpha or horsehair worms, as well as Kinorhyncha, Priapulida, and Loricifera.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

These groups have reducible celomes, called pseudoseloms. [138]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Spiralia Spiralia are a large group of protostoma that develop by spiral weeding in early embryos. [139]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The phylogeny of Spiralia has been debated, but this group contains a large clad, the superphylum Lophotrochozoa, and smaller phylum groups such as Rouphozoa that include Gastrotricha and flatworms.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Lophomtrochozoa and Rouphozoa are grouped as Platytrochozoa, which has a sister group, Gnathifera, which includes rotifera. [140] [141] Lophomtrochozoa includes mollusks, annelids, brachiopods, nemertea, bryozoa and entoprocta. [140] [142] 3] Molluscs, the second largest animal phylum by number described species, include snails, clams, and squid, while annelids are steeped worms, such as earthworms, lugworms, and leeches.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Molluscs and annelids have long been considered close relatives because they both have trocophorous larvae. [144] [145] Classification history In the classical era, Aristotle divided animals, [lower-alpha 4] based on his own observations, into animals with blood (roughly, vertebrates) and animals that not bleed.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

The animals are then set on a scale from humans (with blood, 2 legs, rational souls) down to tetrapods that give birth (with blood, 4 legs, sensitive souls) and other groups such as crustaceans (no blood, lots of legs, sensitive souls) down to creatures that undergo spontaneous generation like a sponge (bloodless, legless, plant soul).


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Aristotle was unsure whether sponges were animals, which in his system must have sensation, appetite, and movement, or plants, which they clearly were not: he knew that sponges could feel touch, and would contract if they were about to be pulled from their rocks, but that sponges took root like a plant and never moves. [147]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

In 1758, Carolus Linnaeus created the first hierarchical classification in his book Systema Naturae. [148]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

In the original scheme, animals were one of three kingdoms, divided into the classes Vermes, Insecta, Pisces, Amphibia, Aves, and Mammalia.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Since then the last four classes have all been incorporated into one phylum, Chordata, while its Insecta (which includes crustaceans and arachnids) and Vermes have been renamed or broken up.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

This process was started in 1793 by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck, who called Vermes une espèce de chaos (a kind of chaos) and divided Vermes into three new phylum, worms, echinodermata, and polyps (which include corrals and jellyfish).


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

By 1809, in his book Philosophie Zoologique, Lamarck had created 9 phylum besides vertebrates (in which he still has 4 phylum: mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish) and molluscs, namely cirripedia, annelides, crustaceans, aracnids, insects, worms, Radiata, polyps, and infusoria. [146]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

In 1817, in his book Le Règne Animal, Georges Cuvier used comparative anatomy to group animals into four embranchements (“branches” with different body wakes, roughly corresponding to the phylum), namely vertebrates, mollusks, articulate animals (arthropods and annelids), and zoophyta (echinodermata, cnidaria, and other animals). [149]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

This division into four was followed by embryologist Karl Ernst von Baer in 1828, zoologist Louis Agassiz in 1857, and comparative anatomist Richard Owen in 1860. [150]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

In 1874, Ernst Haeckel divided the animal kingdom into two subkingdoms: Metazoa (multicellular animals, with five phylum: coelenterata, echinodermata, articulates, molluscs, and vertebrates) and Protozoa (one-celled animals), encompassing a sixth animal phylum, sponges. [151] [150] was transferred to the kingdom of Protista, leaving only Metazoa as a synonym of Animalia. [152]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

In human culture JMPL|straight|Beef in slaughterhouses Humans exploit a large number of other animal species for food, both from domesticated farm animal species and, especially at sea, by hunting wild species. [153] [154] Many marine fish species are caught commercially for food.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

A small number of fish species are commercially farmed. [153] [155] [156] Invertebrates including cephalopods, crustaceans, and bivalve mollusks or gastropods are hunted or cultivated for eating. [157]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Chickens, cattle, sheep, pigs and other animals are raised as farm animals all over the world. [154] [158] [159] Animal fibers such as wool are used to make textiles, while animal tendons are used as binders, and leather is widely used to make shoes and other items.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Animals are hunted and cultivated for their fur to make items such as coats and hats. [160] [161] Dyestuffs including carmine (cochineal), [162] [163] shellac, [164] [165] and kermes [166] [167] are made from the bodies of insects.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Working animals including cattle and horses were used for work and transportation from the first days of agriculture. [168]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Animals such as the Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly play a large role in science as experimental models. [169] [170] [171] [172] Animals have been used to make vaccines since their discovery in the 18th century. [173]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Some drugs such as the cancer drug Yondelis are based on toxins or other molecules from animals. [174] JMPL|left|A gun dog that takes ducks while hunting People use hunting dogs to help chase and retrieve animals, [175] and birds of prey to catch birds and mammals, [176] while tethered cormorant birds are used to catch fish. [177]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Poisonous frogs are used to poison the tips of chopsticks. [178] [179] A wide variety of animals are utilized as pets, from invertebrates such as tarantulas and octopuses, insects including praying mantis, [180] reptiles such as snakes and chameleons, [181] to birds, including canaries, parakeets and parrot. [182]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

However, the most commonly maintained pet species are mammals, namely dogs, cats, and rabbits. [183] [184] [185] There is a tension between the animals' role as human companions, and their existence as individuals in their own right. [186]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

A wide variety of land and aquatic animals are hunted for sport. [187]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Animals have been the subject of art from the earliest times, both historical, as in Ancient Egypt, and prehistory, as in the cave paintings at Lascaux.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Principal animal paintings include The Rhinoceros by Albrecht Dürer in 1515, and a portrait of the horse Whistlejacket by George Stubbs in c. 1762. [188]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Insects, birds and mammals play a role in literature and film, [189] as in giant insect films. [190] [191] [192] Animals, including insects [193] and mammals [194] play a role in mythology and religion.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Both in Japan and Europe, butterflies were seen as the personification of one's soul, [193] [195] [196] while scarab beetles were considered sacred in ancient Egypt. [197]


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Among mammals, cows, [198] deer, [194] horses, [199] lions, [200] bats [201] and wolves [202] are the subject of myth and adoration.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Western and Chinese zodiac signs are based on animals. [203] [204] See also animal behavior Indonesian Fauna List of ancient animals Pets List of animals in the Bible Reference Notes Explicit library use of et al. in: |last= (help) CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) Outside links Data related to Animalia at Wikispecies at the Encyclopedia of Life — University of Michigan's animal database, showing taxonomy, images, and other information. — a multimedia database of endangered/protected species from around the world and species common in the United Kingdom.


Question: Who has the right to determine the division of rice fields in the Lodok system?

Animals

Category:Zoology


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

Marie Ségolène Royal () is a French politician.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

Royal was president of the Poitou-Charentes region, a member of the National Council of France, and a prominent member of the Socialist Party.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

On 16 November 2006 the members of the Socialist Party selected him as their candidate for the presidential election in 2007.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

His candidacy was strengthened by hailing former prime minister Lionel Jospin, former Trade Minister Dominique Strauss-Kahn, and former prime minister Laurent Fabius.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

This was done to strengthen his position on the seizure of the seat of the French supreme leadership.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

After going through a tight early period of campaigning, he was judged to be losing support from lead candidate Nicolas Sarkozy.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

In the polls, he lost to Sarkozy.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

His campaign was shaken when the party's economic policy chairman Eric Besson resigned and returned his party membership card.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

Eric stepped down for the reason of not being able to support Royal's conduct in conducting the campaign.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

The three socialist figures who joined the Royal were expected to be able to unite the party to support a candidate.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

Biographer Royal is a graduate of ENA (National School of Administration) and Sciences Po.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

He worked as a judge (conseiller) in an administrative court before joining as a staffer to President François Mitterrand in 1982.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

According to her official history of life, Ségolène Royal was a “chargée de mission” (official deputy and special adviser) of François Mitterrand in the period 1982—1988.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

He was a député (member of parliament) for the Deux-Sèvres département (1988-1992, 1993—1997, 2002-).


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

In 1992—1993 he served as Minister of the Environment under Pierre Bérégovoy.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

He failed to be elected mayor of Niort in a fight against the Socialist mayor in office at the time.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

When left-wingers won the 1997 legislative elections, he demanded the post of president of the National Council.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

However his party reserved him for Laurent Fabius.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

As compensation, he joined Lionel Jospin's government as Deputy Minister of Education, then as Deputy Minister of Family and Child Affairs from 2000 to 2002.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

On March 28, 2004, he was elected (with more than 55% of the vote) as president of the Poitou-Charentes region, and prominently defeated Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin's golden child, Elizabeth Morin, in the PM's own region.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

(At the same time it retained its own département seat.)


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

Since the late 1970s he lived together with the leader of the French Socialist Parati, François Hollande, and with him he obtained four children.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

Although not married, they are bound by the PACS (pacte civil de solidarité - civil solidarity agreement), which legalizes a civil bond between two adults, whatever the sex.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

In the past, Royal had conducted campaigns against the exposure of children to violence on television, including cartoon films (see his 1989 book mentioned below, Le Ras-le-Bol des bébés zappeurs, which means roughly “Fed up with the Generation of Television Channel Explorers”) .


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

He has also raised a number of issues concerning family values and child protection.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

This article is part of a series on ThePolitics of France Republic Fifth Republic Constitution Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Executive President (list) Emmanuel Macron Prime Minister (list) Édouard Philippe Government Philippe II Legislature National Assembly President: Richard Ferrand Senate President: Gérard Larcher Congress of the French Parliament Judiciary Constitutional Council of the State Court of Cassation Court of Audit Cour de Justice de la République Administrative divisions Regions Departments Elections Presidential Legislative Municipal Political parties Foreign relations Africa Americas Asia France and the United Nations Foreign alliances Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs Related topics Human rights Political scandals France portal Franceportal Other countries Atlas vt On 22 September 2005 Paris Match published an interview; in it he stated that he was considering taking part in the presidential election in 2007.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

After the French government earned an embarrassing slap in the face of youth unrest opposing the CPE (first employment contract) law, Royal was touted as the lead candidate in what was called a Sarko-Sego showdown against Nicolas Sarkozy.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

In September 2006, his brother Antoine Royal revealed that another of his brothers, Lieutenant Gérard Royal, was involved in setting the bomb that sank the Greenpeace ship, the Rainbow Warrior in the port of Auckland, New Zealand, on 10 July 1985, which killed photographer Fernando Pereira.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

But this has been known for quite a while, and the New Zealand government announced that there will be no extradition request because they consider the case to be closed.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

Contested in the 2007 French presidential election On 7 April 2006, Royal launched his campaign on the internet on (English: Wishes for the future).


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

Here he published 10 chapters of his political manifesto.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

The campaign was designed to help Royal publish a document published in September 2006, two months ahead of the election of the Socialist Party's presidential candidate.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

By early September, his intentions became clearer.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

He once said that had he been a man, the Socialist Party would have been united to support his candidacy.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

Only widespread male sovinism in his party hindered him, thus his statement in the interview published on 1 September.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

Royal announced the formation of an official team to promote his campaign on 30 August.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

A poll on 29—30 August showed that 47% of respondents preferred him as the Socialist Party candidate.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

Although this marked a small drop from the polls a week earlier, Royal remained superior compared to the other candidates.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

His nearest rival, former Prime Minister Lionel Jospin (who had later resigned from the fight) gained 21%, Dominique Straus-Kahn 16%, Jack Lang 12% Laurent Fabius 9% and François Hollande 8%.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

Among those active members of the Socialist Party who met in a “summer event” 57% voted for him as their candidate, 15% voted for Jospin, 11% Strauss Kahn and 9% Jack Lang. Andaikata there was a second round, he would gain 69% of votes in against Jospin and 73% against Jack Lang. Some on the left wing of the party criticized his position as too “liberal” or moderate, and he was seen more as a pragmatic candidate, rather than leftist.


Question: who are Marie Ségolène Royal's parents?

Ségolène Royal

His status as a presidential candidate became more certain on September 28, 2006, when Lionel Jospin announced his validation of his candidacy.