Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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After the second meeting concluded, Suzuki and Tōgō met the Emperor, and Suzuki proposed an emergency imperial meeting beginning shortly before midnight on the night of August 9—10. [92]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Suzuki submitted Anami's four-condition proposal as a consensus taken by the Military Advisory Council.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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The rest of the board voted, as did Hiranuma Kiichirō, the chairman of the Emperor's Counsel who explained Japan's inability to defend itself and also told about domestic problems such as food shortages.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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The cabinet argued, but did not produce a consensus.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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In the end, at around 02.00 (10 August 1945), Suzuki then asked Emperor Hirohito asking him to choose between two stances.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Although the Emperor's statement was not recorded, based on the memories of the meeting participants, the following is Emperor Hirohito's statement: I have thought seriously about the present situation in the homeland and abroad, and have concluded that continuing the war can only mean the destruction of the nation and an extension of bloodshed and atrocities in the world.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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I can't bear to see innocent people suffer any longer....


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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I was previously told by parties supporting the extension of warfare that by June new divisions would be deployed in fortified positions [east of Tokyo] ready to await the invaders when they arrived.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Now it's August and the fortification is still not completed.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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There are parties who say the key to the country's sustainability lies in the decisive battle in the homeland.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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However, past experience shows there is always a discrepancy between the plan and the outcome.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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I do not believe that the incongruity in the Kujukuri case can be corrected.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Given this is a tendency that will continue to happen, how can we repel the invaders? [He then said some specific examples of the rising destructive power of the atomic bomb] It was certainly irresistible for me to see the disarmed of loyal and courageous Japanese warriors.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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So it is equally unbearable to let the soldiers who have served me be punished as war provocateurs.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Even so, the time has come to endure the unbearable suffering....


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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I swallowed tears and gave consent to the proposal and accepted the Allied proclamation based on the outline the Minister of Foreign Affairs put forward. [93]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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According to General Sumihisa Ikeda and Admiral Zenshirō Hoshina, Chairman of the Advisory Council of Emperor Hiranuma Kiichirō then faced towards the emperor and asked: “Your Majesty, Your Majesty is also responsible (as inine) for this defeat.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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What kind of apology will be made to the founder of the empire and the other ancestors of the empire?” [94]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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After the Emperor left the room, Suzuki urged the cabinet to accept the Emperor's wishes and succeed.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Early in the morning of 10 August 1945, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs sent a telegram to the Allies (through the Swiss Federal Political Department and in particular Max Grässli) announcing that Japan accepted the Potsdam Declaration but would not accept any conditions that would be “detrimental to the prerogatives” of the emperor.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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It meant that there was no change in the form of government in Japan [95], that the Emperor of Japan remained in his position of actual power within the government. [96] 12 August The Allied Answer was written by James F. Byrnes and approved by the governments of Britain, China, and the Soviet Union, although the USSR agreed reluctantly.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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The Allies sent a reply (via the Swiss Department of Political Affairs) to Japan's acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration on 12 August 1945.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Regarding the status of the emperor, it is listed, Starting from the moment of capitulation, the power of the emperor and the Japanese Government to govern the country will be subject to the Supreme Allied Commander who will take measures that he thinks are feasible in accordance with the prevailing conditions of capitulation...


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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The final form of Japanese government would, in accordance with the Potsdam Declaration, be established by the freely expressed wishes of the Japanese people. [97]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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President Truman ordered military operations (including B-29 bombing) to be forwarded until a formal statement of Japanese capitulation was received.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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However, news correspondents misinterpreted Carl Andrew Spaatz's comments about the B-29s no longer being flown on 11 August (due to bad weather) as a statement that a ceasefire was in effect.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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In an effort to avoid the Japanese from getting the impression the Allies had ignored peace efforts and forwarded bombing, Truman then ordered a halt to bombing. [98] [99] The Japanese Cabinet considered the Allied answer, and Suzuki argued that they should reject it and hang on to explicit assurances about the imperial system.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Anami returned to his self-attitude that there would be no occupation over Japan.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Afterwards, Tōgō told Suzuki that the hope of obtaining better terms was not there, and Kido conveyed the Emperor's wish for Japan to surrender.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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In the meeting with the Emperor, Yonai raised his concerns about the growing civil unrest, I thought the conditions were inappropriate, but the atomic bombs and the Soviet entry into the war were, in essence, a gift from the sky.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Thus we do not need to say that we stopped the war because of domestic problems. [100]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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On that day, Hirohito conveyed to the imperial family about his decision to surrender.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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One of his uncles, Prince Asaka then asked if the war would continue if the kokutai (state structure/national government) could not be maintained.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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The Emperor briefly replied “of course”. [101] [102] 13—14 August the Military Advisory Council and cabinet spent all day of 13 August arguing over their answer to the Allied response, but the result was still deadlocked.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Meanwhile, the Allies grew increasingly hesitant waiting for Japan's answer.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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The Japanese had been instructed to answer in plain text, but turned out to answer in a password message.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Increased diplomatic and military communication traffic was also detected by the Allies who interpreted it as evidence Japan was preparing an “all-out banzai offensive”.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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President Truman ordered the continued air strikes against Japan in maximum intensity “so as to reassure Japanese officials that we are solemn and serious about making them accept our peaceful proposal without being delayed. “[103] [104] The United States Third Fleet began firing its cannons toward the coast of Japan.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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In the largest air raid in the entire history of the Pacific War, the United States deployed more than 400 B-29 bombers to attack Japan throughout the day of 14 August 1945, and renumbered it again with 300 bomber aircraft that night. [105]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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In total 1,014 aircraft were deployed and all returned safely. [106]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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In the longest bombing mission in the history of the war, [107] B-29s of the 315th Bombardemen Squadrom flew 3,800 miles to destroy the Nippon Oil Company's refinery at Tsuchizaki which was on the northern tip of Honshū.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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The oil refinery is the only Japanese oil refinery still operating in Japan and produces 67% of Japan's oil needs. [108]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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After the war, air strikes could be justified provided they had already departed when the Japanese declaration of capitulation was received, but this was only partially true. [109]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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On the advice of United States psychological operations experts, B-29 aircraft were dispatched on 13 August to drop leaflets over Japan, explaining the Japanese ralyat of the offer to surrender and the Allied attitude. [103]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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These leaflets have a drastic impact on Japan's decision-making process.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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In the early hours of August 14, Suzuki, Kido, and Emperor Hirohito realized that the day would end with the acceptance of the terms of the United States or a military coup. [110]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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The emperor met with the most senior army and naval officers.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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While some of them chose to continue fighting, it was not the case with Field Marshal Shunroku Hata.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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As commander of the Second General Army headquartered in Hiroshima, Hata commanded all his forces defending the southern half of Japan.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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They were deployed to fight in “decisive battles”.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Hata said himself unsure of being able to hit the invasion force and did not issue the Emperor's decision.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Then the Emperor asked military leaders to cooperate with him ending the war. [110]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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In a conference with cabinet ministers and other advisors, Anami, Toyoda, and Umezu once again put forward his desire to carry forward the war, but then the Emperor said, I have heard carefully each of the arguments put forward to reject the Japanese stance that must accept Allied answers as they are and without further clarification or modification, but the thoughts of myself have not undergone any changes....


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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So that my decision may be known to the people, I ordered to immediately prepare the emperor's order so that I can broadcast it throughout the country.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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In the end, I appeal to all of you to try as energetically as possible so that we can meet in the days of trials that are soon to arrive. [111]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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The Cabinet immediately convened and unanimously ratified the Emperor's wishes.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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They also decided to destroy most of the documents relating to war crimes and war responsibilities of Japan's supreme leaders. [112] [113] Immediately after the conference, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs sent orders to embassies in Switzerland and Sweden to accept the Allied prescribed terms of capitulation.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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These messages were captured and received in Washington at 02.49 on August 14, 1945. [111]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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The manuscript of the Imperial Order was completed at 19.00, written by the official calligrapher of the palace, and taken to the cabinet minister for signing.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Around 23:00, Emperor Hirohito with the help of an NHK recording crew made a gramaphone recording containing a reading of the Imperial Order manuscript speech on capitulation. [114]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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The recording was given to palace housekeeper Yoshihiro Tokugawa who hid it in storage in the office of Empress Kōjun's secretary. [115]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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The attempted military coup (August 12 to August 15) Late in the evening of August 12, 1945, Major Kenji Hatanaka along with Lieutenant Colonels Masataka Ida, Masahiko Takeshita (Anami's brother-in-law), and Inaba Masao, as well as Chief of Military Affairs Section Colonel Okitsugu Arao spoke to Minister of War Korechika Anami [116] expects Anami's support, and pleads with him to do anything he can do to block the receipt of the Potsdam Declaration.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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General Anami declined to say whether he was willing to help young officers who wanted to rebel. [117]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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They desperately needed Anami's support, therefore they had no other option but to go ahead with the plan and attempt to stage a coup with power of their own.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Hatanaka spent most of August 13 and the morning of August 14 rallying sympathetic colleagues, seeking support from top officials in the ministry, and refining his coup plan. [118]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Not long after the resumption of the conference on the night of 13—14 August that decided Japan to surrender, a group of senior army officers, including Anami gathered in an adjacent room.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Officers present were anxious regarding the possibility of a coup (as the possibility was being thought up by some of the officers present) to obstruct the Japanese surrender.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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After falling silent, General Torashirō Kawabe proposed that all senior officers present sign an agreement to carry out the capitulation as ordered the Emperor, “The army shall act in accordance with the imperial decree up to the point of ordination.”


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

The letter of agreement was signed by all the high-ranking officers present, including Anami, Hajime Sugiyama, Yoshijirō Umezu, Kenji Doihara, Torashirō Kawabe, Masakazu Kawabe, and Tadaichi Wakamatsu.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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“In addition to Anami's announcement, the written agreement of the most senior army officers served as a brake against any attempt at a coup d'état in Tokyo. “[119]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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At around 21:30 on 14 August 1945, the Hatanaka-led rebel group began to move.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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The Second Regiment of the First Imperial Guard had entered the palace precinct as an addition to the previous battalion.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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It is likely they were deployed as extra protection against the Hatanaka rebellion.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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However, Hatanaka along with Lieutenant Colonel Jirō Shiizaki convinced the commander of the First Imperial Guard, Lieutenant Colonel Haga Toyojirō of their objectives.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Letkol Haga was informed (not the actual circumstances) that Anami, Umezu, and the commanders of the Eastern District Army, as well as the various Imperial Guard Divisions supported their plan.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Hatanaka also went to see Shizuichi Tanaka, the commander of the eastern region's army.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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He attempted to persuade Tanaka to be willing to aid the coup, but was rebuffed.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Hatanaka was ordered to go home, but this order was ignored. [115]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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At first, Hatanaka hoped that only by showing the rebellion had begun by occupying the palace, the soldiers of the army would be moved and rise up against the Japanese surrender attempt.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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This principle continued to be held up to the last days and final hours as blind optimism.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Plans continue to be carried out even if they are only slightly supported by superiors.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Hatanaka and colleagues decided the guards would take over the palace at 02.00.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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The hours of changing guards were spent them trying to convince superiors in the army to join the coup.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Almost at the same time, General Anami committed seppuku by leaving the message “I am with my death, humbly beg the Emperor for forgiveness for great evil”. [120]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Until now it was unclear whether the crime in question was losing a war or carrying out a coup. [121]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Sometime before 01.00, Hatanaka and his men besieged the palace.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Hatanaka, Lieutenant Colonel Shiizaki, and Captain Shigetarō Uehara (of the Air Force Academy) went to Lieutenant General Takeshi Mori's office to ask him to support a coup.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Mori is in a meeting with a sister-in-law named Michinori Shiraishi.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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The cooperation of Mori who served commander of the First Imperial Guard Division was crucial to the success of the coup.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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After apparently refusing to aid the coup, Mori was killed by Hatanaka who feared Mori ordered the Imperial Guard corps to stop the rebellion. [122]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Uehara killed Shiraishi who became the second and final death victim on that night.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Hatanaka then used General Mori's official stamp to sign the Imperial Guard Division Strategic Order No. 584.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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This order increased the number of guard troops of the Imperial Palace and the Imperial Household Ministry, and “protected” the Emperor. [123]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Palace police were stripped and all entrance gates were blocked. [114]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Throughout that night, Hatanaka-led rebel forces captured and detained eighteen people, including ministry staff and an NHK radio crew sent to record the Japanese surrender speech. [114]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

Rebels under the leadership of Hatanaka, spent the next few hours fruitlessly searching for Imperial Household Minister Sotaro Ishiwatari, Emperor Koichi Kido's Personal Cap Guard, and recordings of Japanese surrender speeches.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

The two hid under the “vault room”, a large room under the Emperor's Palace. [124] [125] The search effort made by Hatanaka became more difficult after a light blackout to avoid Allied air raids, the ancient organizational structure, and the layout of the Ministry of Household Palace.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

A portion of the names of the rooms were not known to the rebels.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Tokugawa who served as the housekeeper of the palace was captured by the rebels.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Although Hatanaka threatened to tear his entrails with a katana, Tokugawa lied and said he did not know the place of the recording and the hiding place of the man being searched. [126] [127] While searching, the rebel soldier severed almost all telephone wires.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Communication was cut off between the captives in the palace and the outside world.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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On that night in Yokohama, another group sympathizing with Hatanaka under the leadership of Captain Takeo Sasaki went to Prime Minister Suzuki's office with the intention of killing him.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

When encountering the office was empty, they shot him with machine guns and set fire to the building before heading home.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Suzuki received a warning from Hisatsune Sakomizu and fled minutes before the rebels arrived.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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After burning down Suzuki's house, the rebels go to Kiichirō Hiranuma's house to kill him.


Question: when is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

Hiranuma escaped through a side door, and his house was burned by the rebels.


Question: when is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

The rest of the night in August 1945 was spent by Suzuki under police protection, every night sleeping in different beds. [126] [128] At around 03.00, Hatanaka got information from Lieutenant Colonel Masataka Ida that the Eastern District Army was heading to the palace to stop coup, and Hatanaka had to surrender. [129] [130] In the end after seeing his plan fall apart, Hatanaka tried to bargain with Eastern District Army Chief of Staff Tatsuhiko Takashima to at least give him ten minutes of airs on NHK radio.


Question: when is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

He wanted to explain to the people of Japan what he was trying for following the reason.


Question: when is the Defense White Book issued?

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Hatanaka's request was denied. [131]


Question: when is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

The commander of the Second Regiment of the First Imperial Guard learned that the army was not behind this mutiny.


Question: when is the Defense White Book issued?

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Hatanaka was ordered to leave the palace estate.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Sometime before 05.00, while his rebel comrades continued the search, Major Hatanaka went to the NHK studio.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

By brandishing a gun, he tried in vain to get a little broadcast time to explain his actions. [132]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

An hour a few minutes later, after receiving a call from the Eastern District Army, Hatanaka finally surrendered.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

He was with the officers leaving the NHK studio. [133]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

In the early hours of the morning, Shizuichi Tanaka learned the palace was already occupied.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

He went to the palace and confronted the rebel officers whom he reviled had committed an act opposite to the morale of the Japanese army.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

He convinced them to return to their respective barracks. [126] [134] By 08.00 the rebellion was fully overrun.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

They only managed to occupy the palace area through the night, but ultimately failed to find the searched footage. [135]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Hatanaka rode a motorcycle driving around the streets accompanied by Lieutenant Colonel Shiizaki on horseback.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Both handed out leaflets explaining their motives and actions.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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An hour before the emperor's radio broadcast began, a few minutes around 11:00 on August 15, Major Hatanaka pointed a gun at his temple to commit suicide.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

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Shiizaki stabbed himself with a dagger knife before shooting himself.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

Inside Hatanaka's pocket was found a death poem: “I have no regrets now, the dark cloud has disappeared from the emperor's power. “[128]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

The Capitulation Broadcast of the Emperor's Order on the capitulation Exactly at 12:00 noon Japanese Standard Time of August 15 was released a recording of the Emperor of Japan's speech to the people containing the Imperial Order regarding the Cessation of War.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

Partly among its contents:...


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

Although for four years all have shown the best—the strength of the navy and the army that have fought valiantly, the perseverance and persistence of many of our public servants, and the loyal devotion of our hundred people—the war situation develops not always in the direction of Japan's advantage, while the general situation of the world does not benefit our interests.Our enemies have begun to wear a cruel new bomb, killing and injuring many innocents, its power in inflicting damage, really, immeasurable.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

In addition, if we continue to fight, it will not only end with the destruction of the Japanese nation but will also bring the complete extinction of human civilization. If this is the case, how will we save tens of millions of our people, or redeem them in front of the holy spirits of the ancestors the emperor?


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

This is the reason why we have accepted the terms of the Joint Declaration...


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Hit over Japan

When thought about, the further suffering that the empire will experience, it will certainly be very overwhelming.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

We know the sincerity of your hearts, folk and gentlemen.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Yet, wherever the demands of time and fate will take us, by enduring what is unbearable, and suffering indescribable suffering, we desire eternal peace.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

The low quality of the recording, plus the dialect of old Japanese that the Emperor used in the script, made this recording very difficult to understand by most listeners of the time. [136]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

By midday 15 August, a Japanese radio broadcast announcing the surrender of Japan was also received in Jakarta.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

The radio speech was startling not only against the members of the Japanese occupation government, but also against all Indonesian figures associated with the coming independence.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Not long after the radio speech, Soekarno, Mohammad Hatta, and Achmad Soebardjo received certainty about the news of the surrender from the Young Admiral Maeda Tadashi. [137]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

On August 17, 1945, Prime Minister Suzuki was succeeded by the Emperor's uncle named Prince Higashikuni Naruhiko.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

This commutation was probably to prevent further coups or assassination attempts; [138] Mamoru Shigemitsu replaced Tōgō as foreign minister.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Meanwhile, the Japanese army was still fighting against the Soviet army as well as the Chinese army, and it was difficult to arrange the matter of their ceasefire and surrender.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

The final dogfight by Japanese attackers against American reconnaissance bombers took place on August 18. [139]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

The Soviet Union continued to attack until early September and captured the Kuril Islands.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

The beginning of the occupation and capitulation ceremonies Allied civilians and soldiers exulted at hearing the news of the end of the war.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Alfred Eisenstaedt shot a famous photograph of V—J day in Times Square, a United States sailor kissing a woman in Times Square.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

In Australia, a male was photographed dancing in a photo of the excitement of Dancing Man. The dates of August 14 and August 15 are celebrated as Victory Day over Japan in the Allied countries. [140]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

The Soviet Union had plans to occupy Hokkaido. [141]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

But unlike the Soviet occupation of East Germany and North Korea, this plan was invalidated thanks to the opposition of President Harry S. Truman. [141]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Japanese officials departed for Manila on 19 August to meet Supreme Allied Commander Douglas MacArthur and receive a brief briefing on plans to occupy Japan.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

On 28 August, 150 United States military personnel were flown to Atsugi, Kanagawa Prefecture, and the United States occupation of Japan began.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Next they were followed by the arrival of the USS Missouri with the escort ships that landed 4th Marines on the southern shore of Kanagawa overtaken by other personnel later in the day.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

MacArthur arrived in Tokyo on 30 August and immediately issued several laws: Allied Personnel were forbidden to attack the Japanese people.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Allied personnel were forbidden to eat only a small amount of Japanese food.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

The raising of the Hinomaru flag or “Rising Sun” is severely restricted. [142]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

The official ceremony of capitulation took place on 2 September 1945 when representatives of the Empire of Japan signed the Japanese Capitulation Document in Tokyo Bay aboard the USS Missouri.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Shigemitsu affixes a signature as a representative of the civilian government, while as a deputy of the military.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

On board the Missouri on that day was mounted the United States flag once hoisted on the USS Powhatan by Commodore Matthew C. Perry in 1853 when it first arrived in Japan in his two expeditions.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Perry's arrival had led to the signing of the Kanagawa Convention that forced Japan to open ports to foreign ships. [143] [144] After the official ceremony of the September 2 capitulation aboard the Missouri, investigations into Japanese war crimes began immediately.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

In a meeting with General MacArthur in September, Emperor Hirohito offered himself to endure all war crimes, but the offer from him was rejected and Hirohito was never prosecuted. [145]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

The legal procedure for the International Military Tribunal for the Far East was issued on January 19, 1946. [146]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

In addition to August 14 and August 15, September 2, 1945 is also celebrated as Victory Day over Japan (V-J Day). [145]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

In Japan, August 15 is commemorated as the Day of Remembrance of the End of the War (Shuusen-kinenbi) under the official name “National Day of Mourning for the Victims Killed in War and Praying for Peace”. [147]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

In Korea, August 15 is commemorated as Gwangbokjeol, and Australia commemorates Victory Day in the Pacific (V-P Day).


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

President Truman declared September 2 as V-J Day, but gave note “It is not a day to declare a formal proclamation of the end of the war or the cessation of hostilities. “[148]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Subsequent capitulation and Japanese military resistance After Japan signed the capitulation document, various other capitulation ceremonies took place in various areas of the Japanese conquest in the Pacific.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

The Japanese Army in Southeast Asia surrendered on 12 September 1945 in Singapore.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Re-surrender Day (October 25), marked by the military occupation of Taiwan. [149]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

All Japanese soldiers who were made Allied prisoners of war were completed repatriated in 1947.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Until the end of April 1949, China still held more than 60,000 Japanese soldiers as prisoners of war. [150]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Some of them such as Shozo Tominaga were not repatriated until the late 1950s. [151] After the Japanese surrender, more than 5,400,000 servicemen and 1,800,000 Japanese sailors were taken captive by the Allies. [152] [153] Damage to infrastructure in Japan, plus the serious famine event in 1946 grew complicating the Allied effort to feed Japanese prisoners of war and civilians. [154] [155] The war between the United States and Japan officially ended when the Treaty of San Francisco took effect on April 28, 1952.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Japan and the Soviet Union formally reconciled four years later, whereupon they signed the 1956 Soviet—Japanese Joint Declaration. [156]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Some of the last hideouts of the Japanese army, especially on small islands in the Pacific Ocean simply refused to surrender (they believed the declaration to be merely propaganda or considered it too contrary to their code of honor).


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Some among the Japanese servicemen in hiding never heard the news of Japan surrendering.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Teruo Nakamura was the last Japanese soldier to be found from his hideout in Indonesia in December 1974.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Meanwhile, two Japanese soldiers who joined the communist guerrilla when the war ended, were still in Thailand until 1991. [157]


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Capitulation ceremonies across the Pacific battlefields Hatazō Adachi, commander of the Japanese 18th Army in Papua New Guinea, handed his guns to the commander of the Australian 6th Division, Horace Robertson.


Question: When is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Kaida Tatsuichi, commander of Japan's 4th Tank Regiment, and his chief of staff Shoji Minoru listen to the capitulation statement from HMAS<i>Moresby in Timor.


Question: when is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

General Chen Yi of China accepted the capitulation of Rikichi Andō, the Governor-General of Japanese Taiwan.


Question: when is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Masatane Kanda signed the instrument of capitulation of Japanese forces on Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea.


Question: when is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Brigadier Doidge Taunton, commander of British forces in Borneo received weapons from Japanese commanders.


Question: when is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

A Japanese leadership handed his weapon to Lieutenant Britania in a ceremony in Saigon.


Question: when is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

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Question: when is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

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Question: when is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

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Question: when is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

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Question: when is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

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Question: when is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

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Question: when is the Defense White Book issued?

Had it over Japan

Category:Japanese in 1945


Question: What was the name of the mayor of Bali in 2018?

Ida Bagus Rai Dharmawijaya Mantra

Ida Bagus Rai Dharmawijaya Mantra, S.E., M.Si. () is the Mayor of Denpasar since 24 October 2008, succeeding Anak Agung Gede Ngurah Puspayoga who became Deputy Governor of Bali.


Question: What was the name of the mayor of Bali in 2018?

Ida Bagus Rai Dharmawijaya Mantra

Subsequently he was elected in Denpasar elections and served for the period 2010-2015 as well as the period 2016-2021. [1]


Question: What was the name of the mayor of Bali in 2018?

Ida Bagus Rai Dharmawijaya Mantra

In 2018, Rai Mantra came forward as a candidate for governor of Bali in the 2018 elections.


Question: What was the name of the mayor of Bali in 2018?

Ida Bagus Rai Dharmawijaya Mantra

Position History of Deputy Mayor of Denpasar (2005—2008) Mayor of Denpasar (2008—2010) Mayor of Denpasar (2010—2015) Mayor of Denpasar (2016—) Organization History Chairman of BPC HIPMI Badung (1991—1994) Vice Chairman of BPD HIMPI Bali (1997—2000) Chairman of BPD HIMPI Bali (2000—2003) Chairman of BPD HIMPI Bali (2004— 2007) Standing Committee of Bali Kadin Fund and Facilities (2004—2008) Reference |-!


Question: What was the name of the mayor of Bali in 2018?

Ida Bagus Rai Dharmawijaya Mantra

Political offices |- |Precededby Anak Agung Gede Geriya | Mayor of Denpasar 2016—present |Incumbent |- |- |- |Precededby Anak Agung Gede Ngurah Puspayoga | Mayor of Denpasar 2008—2015 | Suceededby Anak Agung Gede Geriya |- |- |- |New office | Deputy Mayor of Denpasar 2005—2008 |DormantTitle next held BYI Gusti Ngurah Jaya Negara Category:Figures from Denpasar Category:Balinese Figure Category:Mayor of Denpasar


Question: Who initiated the Hong Kong Flag?

List of flags of China

The following is a list of Chinese flags throughout history used in the People's Republic of China and in the Republic of China The national flag of the BenderadurationUseDescription1949—Flag of the People's Republic of ChinaRed flag, with a yellow star in the upper left, surrounded by four stars small on his right.


Question: Who initiated the Hong Kong Flag?

List of flags of China

The flag is used in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau.1928-Flag of the Republic of ChinaRed flag, with a white sun with 12 rays inside the blue box on the upper left.


Question: Who initiated the Hong Kong Flag?

List of flags of China

The flag was used in Mainland China until 1949, and since 1949 has only been used in Taiwan.


Question: Who initiated the Hong Kong Flag?

List of flags of China

Use in China is limited to historical usage.


Question: Who initiated the Hong Kong Flag?

List of flags of China

Imperial flag flag flag UsageDescription1862—1890Qing Dynasty flag Same as the national flag1890—1912Qing Dynasty FlagThe square version of the picture above? —? Qing Dynasty Emperor Flag Special used by the emperors National flag proposal Design by Ai Qing Design by Bao Qiquan Design by Chen Duo Design by Chen Lu Design by Guo Moruo Design by Guo Moruo Design by Hu Yuanqing Design by Jiang Dazhong Design by Kang Jian Design by Liang Congjie Design by Luo Wen Design by Mo Hongshu Design by Mo Zongjiang Design by Pang Xunqin Design by Wu Yuzhang Design by Wu Yuzhang Design by Xiao Shufang Design by Xiao Shufang Design by Xiao Shuhua Design by Xiao Shuhua Design by Yan Xinghua Design by Yang Taiyang Design by Yang Taiyang Design by Yu Zhuosheng Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling Design by Zhang Ding, Zhong Ling and Zhou Guangyuan Design by Zhang Ding by Zhang Ding, Zhong Ling and Zhou Guangyuan Design by Zhang Ding, Zhong Ling, Zhou Guangyuan and Xiao Shuhua Design by Zhu De City in China Since November 18, 1997, the Government of the People's Republic of China prohibits local governments from making and using flags and local coat of arms. [1]


Question: Who initiated the Hong Kong Flag?

List of flags of China

Flag of Kaifeng1997—January 1997—Flag of Harbin [2] A dark green flag with five white flowers with snow in the center.December 1995—Flag of Suzhou [3] December 1986—December 1997Flag of Nanjing [4] March 2009—Flag of Shangraomaret 2006—Flag Kaifeng1997—Flag of Hong KongThe red flag with white Bauhinia blakeana flowers is five in the center1999—Macau flag. The green flag with white lotus flowers above the bridge and water, under the arches of five golden stars; the star in the middle is larger than the rest.


Question: Who initiated the Hong Kong Flag?

List of flags of China

Administrative division of Taiwan BenderadurationUsageDescription2010-Taipeihsinchutaoyuan County2008—TaichungPenghu County Military Flag Flag BenderadurationUsageDescription1862—1890Worn on Qing Dynasty ships as recognizationSame as national flag1890—1912Beiyang Qing fleet flag Square version of the flag above1888-1895Flag of the Commander of the Beiyang Qing Fleet. Flag of the People's Liberation Army. A red flag with a yellow star on the upper left, and the Chinese numerals “8" and “1", signifying the birth date of the People's Liberation Army (). TPR) dated August 1, 1927.Flag AD People's Liberation ArmyTPR flag with horizontal green cut at the bottom.AL flag of the People's Liberation ArmyTPR flag with five horizontal stripes at the bottom, hose-crossing 3 blue and 2 white, symbolizing the sea.Flag AU Liberation Army PeopleFlag of the TPR with horizontal blue cut at the bottom.The flag of the Army of the Republic of China (formerly called the National Revolutionary Army) The flag of the Kuomintang (see below) is surrounded with a red colored edge.Al the Republic of Tiongkokidentik with the flag of the Kuomintang (see below) .AU Republic ChinaMarine Corps of the Republic of ChinaMilitary Police Republic of China Flags Non-state Flags Usage Description1895—Kuomintang.Named “Blue Sky with White Sun”, 12 sunlight symbolizes progressive idealism.1921—Flag of the Communist Party ChinaRed flag with Communist hammer and sickle in the upper left.1979—Chinese Olympic flag of Taipei.The Republic of China was recognized as “Chinese Taipei” at the Olympic Games, as it recalled the political status of Taiwan.1929—Flag of the President of the Republic of China1947—1986The flag of the Vice President of the Republic of the Republic ChinaRemoved with the AL Flag Act of the Republic of China (海) on 3 January 1986.1929—1966Civil Flag of the Republic of ChinaChina's flag given four serrated yellow stripes for use as a civil flag at sea.


Question: Who initiated the Hong Kong Flag?

List of flags of China

The current civil flag is the national flag. 1957-Chushi Gangdruk Flag Historical flag of the flag of the flag of the BenderadurationUseDescription1842—1943Flag of the Shanghai International Settlement1862—90Flag of the QingNaval Dynasty flag, quasi-national flag on international occasions.1889— 1912Flag of the Qingdynasty Official national flag since 1889.1895Flag of the Republic of Formosa1912—28First Flag of the Republic of China, or “Five-colored Flag” used mainly in Shanghai and eastern parts of northern China until 1928.


Question: Who initiated the Hong Kong Flag?

List of flags of China

This flag was widely flown even before the founding of China by Chinese on the eastern coast and garnered the greatest respect at the founding of the ROC.


Question: Who initiated the Hong Kong Flag?

List of flags of China

Stripes represent the five great races in China's history, according to Dr. Sun Yat-sen: red for Han Chinese, yellow to represent Manchus, blue as Mongols, white for Chinese Muslims, and black for Tibetans.1911—1928The flag of the Wuchang uprising; army flag of the Republic of ChinaThe banner of the Wuchang uprising of October 10, 1911, then used as Flag of the army of the Republic of China, ca. 1913—28.1916Flags of Yuan Shikai's Empire of China.These variations on the initial flag of the Republic of China emphasize Han administration over other ethnicities in China.Mainland: 1928— 49Flag of the Republic of ChinaNot worn on the territory of the People's Republic of China except in historical places.


Question: Who initiated the Hong Kong Flag?

List of flags of China

It is currently used as the flag of the Republic of China.1931—34Jiangxi Soviet republic FlagHammer and sickle along with Chinese characters for Communist China (Zhonggong, 中) written in classical word order, i.e., read from the right.1931—34Flag Chinese Soviet RepublicNational emblem on a red flag.? —? Flag the Chinese Red Army1933—34Flag Fujian People's Government Other historical flags BenderadurationUseDescription? -1912Flag TiBeta yellow circle centered red field.1897— 1914Flag of Tsingtau, Kiautschou [5] Reichskriegsflagge of the German Empire.1897— 1914Flag of the Governor of Tsingtau [6] Gouverneurflagge of the German Empire.1897— 1914Civil flag of Tsingtau, Kiautschou [6] Egsflagge der Kaiserliche Marine of the German Empire.1903-1930Flag of the British concession of WeihaiWeia British Blue Ensign with two Mandarin ducks standing on a beach.1870—1876Flag of the British colony of Hong KongA British Blue Ensign with a crowned “HK” .1876—1955Flag of the British colony of Hong KongA British Blue Ensign with local waterfront scene.1955—1959Flag of the British colony of Hong KongA British Blue Ensign with local waterfront scene.1959—1997Flag of the British colony of Hong KongA British Blue Ensign with the coat of arms of Hong Kong (1959—1997) .1985—1999Flag of the Regional Council stylized Bauhinia blakeana leaf outline in white, in the form of a diagonally-tilted capital “R”, on a green background, representing the green of the leaves.1960s—1999Flag of the Urban Council, Hong KongA stylized Bauhinia blakeana flower outline in white on a pink background, representing the colour of the flower.1959 — 1997Flag of the Governor of Hong Kong1670—1830Flag of Portugal, used in colonial era colony of MacauThe Portuguese flag was used in colonial-era Macau, as there was no territorial flag.1830—1911Flag of Portugal, used in colonial era colony of MacauThe Portuguese flag was used in colonial-era Macau, as there was no territorial flag.1911—1999Flag of Portugal, used in colonial era colony of MacauThe Portuguese flag was used in colonial-era Macau, as there was no territorial flag.1975—1999Flag of the Municipality of Macau, one of two local municipal governments.a light blue field charged with the coat of arms of the Municipality of Macau.


Question: Who initiated the Hong Kong Flag?

List of flags of China

This was the flag used at the handover to China in 1999.1975—1999The flag of the Portuguese colonial Government of Macau.A light blue field charged with the coat of arms of the Government of Macau.


Question: Who initiated the Hong Kong Flag?

List of flags of China

During the Portuguese administration this flag also represented the Territory of Macau in the international forums, although it was not the official flag of the Portuguese colony.1975—1999 (Not Official) Variant flag of Portuguese colonial Government of Macau.Not official variant without the Kingdom of the Algarve castles in the coat of arms.


Question: Who initiated the Hong Kong Flag?

List of flags of China

This flag was found at the University of Macau in a photo of International University sports meeting and it was used in the parade.


Question: Who initiated the Hong Kong Flag?

List of flags of China

Although this flag was never used officially, some sports media used it instead of the Portuguese Flag to represent the colony.until Dec 29, 1928Fengtian flag clique.Used by warlords until Chinese reunification (1928) .1932—1945Flag of Manchukuoa yellow field with the red, blue, white, and black stripes of the first flag of the Republic of China (see above) in the canton.1940—1943Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing.Used by the Japanese puppet government till 1943 when the pennant was removed and the regular ROC flag took its place.


Question: Who initiated the Hong Kong Flag?

List of flags of China

The pennant reads “Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction”.


Question: Who initiated the Hong Kong Flag?

List of flags of China

Hong Kong and Macau were within the territory of the People's Republic of China in 1997 and 1999.


Question: Who initiated the Hong Kong Flag?

List of flags of China

See also Chinese Flag Flag of the Republic of China List of flags of Taiwan Flags Hong Kong Flags Macao Flags China Reference Category:Chinese national symbols China Flag


Question: when was UNESCO founded?

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (English: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, abbreviated as UNESCO) is a United Nations specialized body established in 1945.


Question: when was UNESCO founded?

The organization's goal is to support peace, and security by promoting cooperation between countries through education, science, and culture in order to increase mutual respect based on justice, law regulation, human rights, and freedom of essentials.


Question: when was UNESCO founded?

(Article 1 of the UNESCO Constitution). [2]


Question: when was UNESCO founded?

UNESCO has members of 191 countries.


Question: when was UNESCO founded?

The organization is headquartered in Paris, France, with 50 region offices as well as several institutes, and institutes around the world.


Question: when was UNESCO founded?

UNESCO has five main programs disseminated through: education, natural sciences, social, and human sciences, culture, as well as communication, and information.


Question: when was UNESCO founded?

Projects sponsored by UNESCO include read-write, technical, and teacher training programs; international science programs; regional, and cultural history projects, promotion of cultural diversity; international consent cooperation to secure cultural, and natural heritage and nurture human rights; and attempting to correct the world's digital differences.


Question: when was UNESCO founded?

See also Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission UNESCO World Heritage Great Works of Oral Cultural Heritage and Human Resources World Digital Library Ministry of Education and Culture Indonesia Director General of UNESCO Julian Huxley (1946—1948) Jaime Torres Bodet (1948—1952) John Wilkinson Taylor (acting 1952—1953) Luther Evans (1953—1958) Vittorino Veronese (1958—1961) René Maheu (1961—1974; acting 1961) Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow (1974—1987) Federico Major Zaragoza (1987—1999) Koïchiro Matsuura (1999—2009) Irina Bokova (2009—2017) Audrey Azoulay (2017—2017)) Link Reference Outside Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: when was UNESCO founded?

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Question: when was UNESCO founded?

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Question: when was UNESCO founded?

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Question: when was UNESCO founded?

Category:United Nations specialized agencies


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Wardell Stephen Curry or better known as Stephen Curry () is a United States professional basketball player who plays as a point guard in the Golden State Warriors club in NBA (National Basketball Association) competitions.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Stephen Curry who is 191 cm tall has above-average ball handling.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

His name is noted in NBA record books (including wikipedia) as one of the best 3-figure throwers in basketball history [1] [2].


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

In the 2014—2015 season, he won the NBA Most Valuable Player and led the Golden State Warrior to its first NBA win since 1975.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

In the 2016-2017 NBA season Steph Curry took the Golden State Warriors to the NBA Finals for the third straight time where he won the NBA competition for the second time [3] [4].


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Curry is the son of former NBA player, Dell Curry and older brother of current NBA player, Seth Curry.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

He played basketball for Davidson.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

There, he was twice named Southern Conference Player of the Year and set the all-time leading scoring record for Davidson and the Southern Conference.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

In his sophomore year, he again set the NCAA record for three-figure achievements made.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

During the 2012—13 season, Curry managed to put in 272 3-pointers shots and became a record in the NBA at the time.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Five years later, he renewed the record by 286 shots, and again in 2016 with 402 3-pointers.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

During the 2013—14 season, he and teammate, Klay Thompson, were nicknamed the Splash Brothers for their masterful performance in scoring 3-pointers which went on to set an NBA record for 3-pointers combined shots in a season with 484 which was then broken again two consecutive seasons- participated thereafter with the number (525) 2014-2015 and in the 2015-16 season (678).


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Early in Stephen Curry's life was the son of Sonya (Adams) and Dell Curry.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

He was born in Akron, Ohio while his father was a member of the Cleveland Cavaliers.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

He grew up in Charlotte, North Carolina, where his father spent most of his NBA career with the Charlotte Hornets.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Dell would often take Curry and his younger brother, Seth, to his game, where they would shoot with the Hornets during warm-ups.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

The family briefly relocated to Toronto, where Dell ended his career as a member of the Raptors.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

During this time, Curry played for the Queensway Christian College children's basketball team, leading them to an undefeated season.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

He was also a member of Toronto 5-0, a club team that played in Ontario, pitting him against fellow future NBA players Cory Joseph and Kelly Olynyk.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Curry led the team to a 33-4 record, en route to winning the provincial-level championship.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

After Dell's retirement, the family moved back to Charlotte and Curry enrolled at Charlotte Christian School, where he was named all-conference, all-state, and led his team to three conference titles and three state playoff appearances.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Due to his father's storied career at Virginia Tech, Curry wanted to play college basketball for the Hokies, but was only offered a walking spot due in part to his slim body with a 160-pound frame.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

He eventually chose to attend Davidson College, which had aggressively recruited him from the tenth grade.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

College career Freshman season Even before Curry played in his first game for the Wildcats, head coach Bob McKillop praised him at Davidson's alumni event, “Wait till you see Steph Curry.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

He is something special.”


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

In his first collegiate game, against Eastern Michigan, Curry finished with 15 points but committed 13 turnovers.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

In the next game, against Michigan, he scored 32 points, provided 4 assists, and grabbed 9 rebounds.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Curry finished the season leading the Southern Conference in scoring with 21.5 points per game.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

He was second in the nation among freshmen in scoring, behind only Kevin Durant of Texas.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Curry's scoring ability helped the Wildcats to a 29-5 overall record and the Southern Conference regular season title.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

On March 2, 2007, in the semi-finals of the Southern Conference tournament against Furman, Curry made his 113th pointer that year, breaking Keydren Clark's NCAA freshman season record for 3-point field goals.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Curry surpassed the school's student scoring record with his 502 points against Chattanooga on February 6, 2007.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

On March 15, 2007, Davidson went into the NCAA tournament as 13th seeded to play at Maryland; although Curry had 30 points, Davidson lost 82—70.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

At the conclusion of his freshman season, Curry was named to the Southern Conference Freshman of the Year, the SoCon Tournament MVP, and was selected to the SoCon All-tournament team, the All-Freshman team, and the All-SoCon first team.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

He was also honorable mention in Sports Illustrated's All-Mid-Major.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

After the season ended, he was selected for the U.S. team to appear at the 2007 FIBA U19 World Championship where he averaged scoring 9.4 points, 3.8 rebounds, and 2.2 assists in 19.4 minutes, helping the U.S. team to a silver medal.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Sophomore season In his sophomore season in 2007—08, Curry had grown up at 6 ft3 in (1.91 m) tall and once again led the Southern Conference in scoring, averaging 25.5 points per game while adding 4.7 rebounds per game and 2.8 assists per game.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

He led the Wildcats to a 26-26 regular-season record, and a 20-0 conference record.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

As a result of Curry's outstanding play, Davidson earned his third outright NCAA Tournament bid.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

On March 21, 2008, Davidson met seventh-seeded Gonzaga.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Gonzaga led with 11 points early in the second half but Curry went on to score 30 points in the half to propel Davidson to their first NCAA Tournament victory since 1969, 82-76.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Curry ended the game with 40 points while also going 8-for-10 from 3-point range.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

On March 23, Davidson played second-seeded Georgetown in the second round of the NCAA Tournament.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Georgetown, ranked eighth nationally, entered the game as a heavy favorite after appearing in the Final Four in 2007.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Curry managed only five points in the first half of the game as Davidson trailed by as many as 17 points, but his 25 seconds—half point led Davidson to a 74—70 comeback victory.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

On March 28, 2008, Curry led Davidson to another victory, against third-seeded Wisconsin.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Curry scored 33 points as Davidson won 73-56 to advance to the Elite 8.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Curry joined Clyde Lovellette, Jerry Chambers, and Glenn Robinson as the only college players to score more than 30 points in their first four NCAA tournament games.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Curry also tied Darrin Fitzgerald of Butler for the single-season record for most three-figure throws with 158.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

On March 30, 2008, he set a record, against the top-seeded Kansas Jayhawks, with his 159th 159-pointer of the season.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Curry scored 25 points in the game but Davidson lost 57-59, and the Jayhawks went on to win the championship.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Curry finished the season averaging 25.9 points, 2.9 assists, and 2.1 steals per game.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

He was elevated to the Associated Press All-America Second Team on March 31, 2008. [23]


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

He was also named the Most Outstanding Player in the Midwest Region of the 2008 NCAA Tournament, becoming the first player from a team not to make the Final Four to do so since Juwan Howard of Michigan in 1994.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Curry was nominated for an ESPY in the category of Best Breakthrough Player of the Year.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Junior season After Davidson's loss against Kansas in the NCAA Regional Final, Curry announced he would return for his freshman year.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

He stated that he wanted to develop as a point guard, likely his position in the NBA.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

On November 18, 2008, Curry scored a career-high 44 points in Davidson's 82—78 loss to Oklahoma.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

He extended a career-long streak by scoring at least 25 points for the seventh straight game.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

On November 21, Curry recorded a career-high 13 assists, to go along with 30 points, in Davidson's 97—70 win over Winthrop.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

On November 25, against Loyola, Curry was held scoreless as Loyola continued to double its team.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

It was Curry's only scoreless game and only the second without double-digit points.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

He finished 0-for-3 from the field as Davidson won the game 78-48.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

In Davidson's next game (11 days later), Curry matched his career-high 44 in a 72—67 win over North Carolina State.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Curry surpassed the 2000 point mark for his career on January 3, 2009, when he scored 21 points against Samford.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

On February 14, 2009, Curry twisted his ankle in the second half of a win over Furman.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

The injury caused Curry to be sidelined in a February 18 game against The Citadel, the first and only game he missed in his varsity career.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

On February 28, 2009, Curry became Davidson's all-time leading scorer with 34 points in a 99—56 win against Georgia Southern.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

That gave Curry 2,488 points for his career, surpassing the school's previous leader, John Gerdy. [31]


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Davidson won the 2008—09 Southern Division regular season championship for the southern division, finishing 18—2 in conference.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

In the 2009 Southern Conference Tournament, Davidson played Appalachian State in the quarterfinals and won 84-68.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Curry scored 43 points, which is the third-most points in Southern Conference tournament history.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

In the semifinals, against College of Charleston, Curry had 20 points but Davidson lost 52—59.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Despite lobbying from Davidson head coach Bob McKillop and Charleston coach Bobby Cremins, [35] the Wildcats failed to earn an NCAA tournament bid.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Instead, they received the sixth seed in the 2009 NIT.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Davidson played the third seed, South Carolina, on the road in the first round.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Curry scored 32 points as the Wildcats beat the Gamecocks 70-63.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Davidson then fell 68-80 to the Saint Mary's Gaels in the second half.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Curry recorded 26 points, 9 rebounds, and 5 assists in what was his final game for the Wildcats.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

In his final season at Davidson, Curry averaged 28.6 points, 5.6 assists, and 2.5 steals.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

He was the NCAA scoring leader and was named a consensus first-team All-American.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Curry opted out of his senior year at Davidson, but he stated that he still planned to earn his title.


Question: When was Stephen Curry born?

Stephen Curry

Footnote {{subst: #if: |}} [[Category: {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1988}} || UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of birth missing {{subst: #switch: {subst:uc:}} ||LIVING =( living people)}} | #default =1988 births}]] [[Category: {subst: #switch: {substu:c:}} || LIVING=Living people | UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of death missing | #default =deaths}}]] Template:Sports Stubs Category:Basketball players United States


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Plasmids are extracromosomal DNA that can replicate autonomically and can be found in living cells [1].


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Inside one cell, more than one plasmid can be found of greatly varying size but all plasmids do not encode functions essential for the growth of such cells [1].


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Generally, plasmids encode the genes necessary in order to survive a less favorable state so that when the environment returns to normal, the plasmid DNA can be discarded. [1]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

The history of plasmids The discovery of plasmids has begun since 1887, when Robert Koch published his research on the bacterium Bacillus anthracis as a cause of anthrax disease. [2]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

About 100 years later, scientists discovered that the bacterium had two plasmids that were the virulence factors that caused anthrax. [2]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

The term plasmid was introduced in 1952 by American biologist Joshua Ledenberg who refers to “hereditary determinants of descent beyond chromosomes”. [3]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Joshua Lederberg and and W. Hayes successfully investigated about conjugation events in Escherichia coli involving plasmids. [2]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Early uses of the term “plasmid” encompassed any genetic material that existed extracromosomally for at least part of the replication cycle, including viral genetic material.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

However, the idea of plasmids is refined over time to consist of genetic elements that reproduce autonomously.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Later in 1968, it was decided the definition was narrowed down to genetic elements that exist exclusively or are dominant outside the chromosome and can be replicated independently. [4]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Not some time after that, plasmids were shown to be extracromosomal DNA that causes antibiotic resistance in the enteric class of bacteria and can be transmitted between cells.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Since then, some laboratories began making plasmids that could be transferred to living cells, such as bacterial and plant cells. [2]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Plasmid naming In the beginning the naming of plasmids was based on the properties of the phenotype encoded by the DNA of the plasmid.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

For example a CoLe1 plasmid derived from E. coli can encode colicin bacteriocin.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

The number of laboratories or institutions that make cloned plasmids makes the naming system change.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

To standardize the writing of plasmids, the letter “p” is used followed by the initials of capital letters and numbers.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Capital letters are taken from the name of the institution or laboratory where the plasmid originated or from the name of the inventor of the plasmid.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Meanwhile, the number is a code between the two laboratories where the plasmid was created.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

For example: PbR322, “p” states a plasmid, BR represents the laboratory where the plasmid was first constructed (BR from Bolivar and Rodriguez, the designer of the plasmid), whereas 322 states in which laboratory this plasmid was made, many other PBr such as PbR325, PbR327, and others- else. [5]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Plasmid structure Most plasmids have a circular structure, but there are also linear plasmids that can be found in certain microorganisms, such as Borrelia burgdorferi and Streptomyces. [6]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Plasmids are found in the form of double-thread DNA mostly composed into supercoils or twisted coils. [7]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Supercoil structure occurs because the topoisomerase enzyme keeps a portion of double-thread DNA loose (unbound) during plasmid replication. [7]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

The supercoil structure will cause the plasmid DNA to be in a conformation called a covalently closed circle or covalently closed circular (ccc), but if both DNA threads are detached, the plasmid will return to normal and the conformation is referred to as open circuler (oc). [7]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Properties and characteristics In order for plasmids to replicate independently in cells, they must have DNA sequences that can act as origin replication (ori).


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

The unit of self-replication, in this case a plasmid, is called a replicon.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

A typical bacterial replicon may consist of a number of gene-like elements for a plasmid-specific replication initiation protein (Rep), repeating units called iterons, a DnaA box, and an AT-rich region next to it. [4]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Smaller plasmids use host replication enzymes to make their own copies, whereas larger plasmids can carry specific genes for replication of those plasmids.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Some types of plasmids may also insert into host chromosomes, and these integrative plasmids are sometimes referred to as episome in prokaryotes. [8]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Utilization of Cloned plasmids Today, plasmids have been commercially produced by a number of companies for use as cloning vectors. In order to be used as cloning vectors, plasmids must have several criteria, namely small size, relatively have a high number of copies (high copy number), has selection marker genes and complainant genes, and has restriction enzyme cutting sites for easy insertion of DNA into the plasmid vector [9].


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Protein production Another major use of plasmids is to make proteins in large quantities.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

In this case, the researchers grew bacteria containing plasmids that stored the desired gene.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Just like bacteria that produce proteins to confer antibiotic resistance, bacteria can also be induced to produce large amounts of protein from inserted genes.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

This is an inexpensive and easy way to produce genetically sanctioned proteins, for example, insulin production.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Plasmid gene therapy can also be used for gene transfer to human cells as a potential treatment in gene therapy so as to express expected proteins in cells. Some gene therapy strategies require the insertion of therapeutic genes at pre-selected chromosomal target sites in the human genome.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Plasmid vectors constitute one of many approaches that can be used for this purpose.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) offer a way to cause site-specific double-strand damage to the DNA genome and cause homologous recombination.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

ZFN carrier plasmids can help deliver therapeutic genes to specific locations so that cell damage, cancer-causing mutations, or immune responses can be avoided. [10]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Plasmid disease models were historically used to engineer mouse embryonic stem cells to create mouse genetic disease models.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

The limited efficiency of plasmid-based techniques precludes their use in the creation of more accurate human cell models.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

However, the development of Adeno-associated viral recombination techniques, and Zn finger nucleation, has enabled the creation of a new generation of isogenic human disease models.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Mechanisms prevent plasmid disposal To prevent plasmid removal from cells that no longer need them, there are several known mechanisms. [2]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

One is that some plasmids encode proteins that can kill cells that dispose of them. [2]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

This mechanism is called plasmid dependence (plasmid addiction) which is classified into three types based on the action that plasmid-encoded antitoxin proteins. [2]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

All three types of action are to interact with the toxin, protect the target to be attacked by the toxin, and inhibit the expression of the toxin. [2]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Plasmid DNA extraction is often used to purify certain sequences, as they can be easily purified from the rest of the genome.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

For their use as vectors, and for molecular cloning, plasmids often need to be isolated.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

There are several methods for isolating plasmid DNA from bacteria, among which are miniprep (mini preparation) and maxiprep, bulkprep or largeprep. [11]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Miniprep can be used to quickly find out if the truth of a plasmid in one of the clones of some bacterial clones.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

The result is a small amount of impure plasmid DNA, which is sufficient for analysis with restriction enzymes and for some cloning techniques.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Largeprep uses a much larger volume.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Largeprep can be said to be an improved miniprep followed by additional purification.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

This method produces very pure plasmid DNA in very large quantities (several hundred micrograms).


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

In recent times, many commercial kits have been created to perform plasmid extraction at various scales, purities, and levels of automation.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Software for bioinformatics and design The use of plasmids as a technique in molecular biology is supported by bioinformatics software.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

These programs record DNA sequences from plasmid vectors, help predict the cutting sites of restriction enzymes, and plan manipulations.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Examples of software packages that handle plasmid maps are APe, Clone Manager, GeneConstructionKit, Geneious, Compiler Genome, LabGenius, Lasergene, MacVector, PDraw32, Serial Cloner, VectorFriends, Vector NTI, and WebDSV.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

This software helps perform the entire in silico experiment before conducting wet experiments. [12]


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Plasmid collections Many plasmids have been created over the years and researchers have distributed plasmids to plasmid databases such as non-profit organizations and.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Researchers can find and request plasmids from those databases to conduct research.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Researchers also often upload sequences (sequences) of plasmids in databases.


Question: Where can extracromosomal DNA be performed?

Plasmids

Category:Cell biology Category:Molecular Biology


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

The Hongwu Emperor (Hanzi: 武), whose real name was Zhu Yuanzhang (元), was the founder and first emperor of the Ming Dynasty in China.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

He became emperor and established his dynasty after successfully overthrowing the Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In Chinese history, Zhu Yuanzhang was one of two emperors who came from the commoners (the other being Liu Bang/Han Emperor Gaozu, the founder of the Han Dynasty).


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

He was a controversial emperor, on the one hand he cared for the welfare of his people and tried hard to improve their living standards, but he was also a tyrant who castrated freedom and killed those who helped him rise to power suspected of potentially seizing his throne.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

A short biography of Zhu was born in Fengyang, Anhui Province from a poor peasant family by the name of Zhu Chongba ().


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In his youth worked as a cattle herder.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Because of the apprehension of roasting and eating the cattle, the master fired it.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Once an outbreak of disease struck his village and claimed the lives of his parents and siblings.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Later he became a monk at Huangjue Temple only to live in the midst of the famine disaster at that time.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

It was at the monastery that he began to learn to read and write, but shortly afterwards the monastery was closed due to lack of funds so he had to live fleetingly again as a beggar.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Amid the anti-Mongol wave that was then rife in China, Zhu joined the Red Serban Rebellion, an anti-Yuan rebellion group based on a mixture of religious teachings such as Buddhism, Zoroaster, and other religions.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

It works under the command of Guo Zixing.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Thanks to his prowess, in a short time he has got an important position in the group.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Since then he changed his name to Zhu Yuanzhang.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Zhu was married to Guo's adopted daughter, Ma Xiuying (later to become Ming's first empress).


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

He was in frequent contact with Confucian scholars and landlords, from them he gained lessons on how to govern the country, while from the Red Serban group he learned much about the military.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Zhu began to abandon Budhism and turn to Confucian and neo-Confucian teachings.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

The poor boy who was once a monk, a beggar, and a thief has now been incarnated into an anti-Yuan rebel leader whose reputation is well known throughout the country.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

His Kharisma attracts talented people from all over the country to work for him.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In 1356 he made Yingtian (present-day Nanjing) his base.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

His first step was to conquer fellow anti-Yuan leaders who were rivals and unite southern China, after which only faced the Mongols.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In 1363, he defeated Chen Youliang, his greatest rival in unifying China, in the Battle of Lake Poyang.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Then followed in 1367 defeated Zhang Shicheng in Suzhou.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

With the slogan “banish the Mongols and restore the glory of China” he won the support of the Han who indeed hated the Mongols who had colonized them for a century less. sunny) and Nanjing was the capital of his kingdom.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In July of the same year, he sent Xu Da, his right hand as well as his best friend, to storm the Yuan capital, Dadu (present-day Beijing) and successfully forced the last Yuan emperor, Emperor Shun of Yuan, to flee north.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

China was again controlled by the Han people under the banner of the Ming Dynasty.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Reigns Under Hongwu rule, the Mongol bureaucrats were removed from government and replaced by the Han people.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

He improved the royal examination system to select state officials and civil servants based on merit and knowledge regarding literature and philosophy.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Candidates for civil and military servants had to pass the royal examinations.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

The Confucius who were marginalized during the Yuan Dynasty for nearly a century could again play a role in government.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

To consolidate his political power and give rest to a people already saturated with war during the late Yuan Dynasty he encouraged the cultivation of barren and barren land.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Smallholders receive a fair division of land, this is intended so that they can support themselves and their families independently.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In 1370, he lowered the order to divvy up land in Anhui and Hunan to young peasants who had reached adulthood with the aim of preventing land attainment by landlords, it was also asserted that the status of the land could not be transferred.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In the middle of his reign was issued a policy whose contents mentioned that those occupying barren and barren land could have it as a personal right without being taxed.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

This policy was warmly welcomed by the people.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Within 25 years alone, the cultivated land expanded by quadrupling and the population increased from seven million to roughly 60 million.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

With adequate food supplies, other sectors such as small industries, paper making, printing, mining, and shipbuilding also developed.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

China at that time had 33 large industrial and mercantile cities, international trade was growing rapidly.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

What a great achievement surpassing the dynasties never achieved before.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Thus laid a staunch foundation for 300 years of Ming Dynasty rule.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

His background from the lower class led him to understand the plight of peasants who were oppressed by landlords, nobles and rich people.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In previous times, peasants depended on local officials who not only violated their rights, but also exercised them through their subordinate officials who extorted and increased their burdens.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

To address the dirty practice, Hongwu implemented a system known as 'yellow recording' and 'fish scale recording'.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Both systems guarantee the income of the state treasury from land taxes and people's ownership of private property rights.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In 1372, Hongwu ordered the release of common people who were made slaves at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. 14 years later he also ordered his officials to ransom children from Hunan who were forced to sell by their parents as a result of the famine disaster that hit the area.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Under his reign the living standards of the people had increased.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Military field Although the Mongols have been expelled from China, they are still a threat on the northern frontier.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Therefore for him the building of military power is very important and must take precedence for the sake of guarding the borders.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

He decided the confucian teaching view that the military class was lower than the civilian officials of the scholars should be reviewed.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In his time, a powerful and well-organized military system was formed, known as the Weiso system similar to the Fuping system of the Tang Dynasty.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Politically this sitem aims to keep the military strong but prevent personal ties between the commander and his soldiers Soldiers' training is held in their respective military districts.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

When it was necessary to fight the unity of all parts of the country would be called and under the command of a council of war, then a commander would be appointed to head them.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Once the war ends, they will be returned to their respective territories and the military power of the commander ends.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

This prevented a recurrence of problems such as in the late days of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten States Age where the military commanders had too great power so they tended to abuse it for personal benefit and correct military weaknesses on the time of the Song Dynasty in which the military was too restrained by the central government so the warring strategy became rigid and inefficient.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

The Hongwu Emperor realized the severity of the burden to feed warriors in such large numbers, with this Weiso system the military force was maintained without overburdening the people.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Hongwu ordered a massive construction to strengthen the defenses at the Great Wall.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

This construction continued until several subsequent Ming emperors so that the Great Wall that stands today is largely the result of reconstruction during the Ming Dynasty.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Hongwu several times dispatched expeditions to overcome disturbances on the northern frontier and his army gained many victories.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In Gansu, they managed to defeat Wang Baobao, but affectionately did not manage to capture him.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In the northeastern region it managed to defeat another Mongol general, Nahachu, and forced him to surrender.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

The political field of History has proven that giving excessive power to the eunuchs often results in a continuing abuse of power in state chaos.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Learning from this experience, Hongwu slashed their numbers and rights.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Eunuchs were forbidden to handle documents and make comments on matters of statehood, they were left illiterate and undereducated to be easily organised.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

His dislike of these eunuchs is expressed in writing in an inscription displayed in the palace which reads, “The eunuch has no right whatsoever to administration”.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

But unfortunately this policy was not very popular during the time of the next emperors, so after his death the eunuchs returned to politics.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In addition to being firm against eunuchs, Hongwu also did not allow the royal family to hold positions in the government.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

This policy remains held by his successors so that no serious problems arise from the intervention of the royal family as has been the case in the past.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In 1380 Hongwu sentenced to death his prime minister, Hu Weiyong, on charges of treason plotting.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

He has since removed the post of prime minister and piled legal, governmental and military powers in his own hands so that he is thus convinced no single group has enough power to overthrow him.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In his place he created a new post called grand secretary whose function was to be mediator between the emperor and the ministers.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

In case of the coup attempt, he formed a Brocade Uniform Guards (，Jinyiwei) directly responsible for him.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

The unit consists of special agents scattered all over the country like a cobweb.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

On this secret agent's report, Hongwu sentenced to death the general Lan Yu, who had a share in the founding of the Ming Dynasty, on charges of rebellion.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Soon he also sentenced to death a number of figures who helped him establish the Ming Dynasty which he considered potentially to be his rival.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Besides the downside of his government is shackling freedom.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

Criticism directed at him could be considered a violation of the law and fatal.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

The taboos restricting the use of Hanzi characters began in this time.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of the Ming

Hongwu Emperor

For example the character shu (which means prominent), this letter consists of two radicals namely dai (meaning evil) and zhu (clan of the imperial family), so it can be interpreted as evil Zhu.