Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

See also: List of Dutch municipalities (2018:380 municipalities).


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

International relations The history of Dutch foreign political policy is characterized by its neutrality.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Since the Second World War, the Netherlands has been a member in many international organizations, notably the United Nations, NATO, and the European Union.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The Dutch economy is very open and heavily dependent on international trade.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Dutch foreign policy is based on four basic commitments; namely Atlantic cooperation, European integration, international development, and international law.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

One controversial international issue concerns the Netherlands is its drugs policy.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

In the Golden Age of the Netherlands and after, the Dutch people built an imperium of occupation and trade.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The most important occupied territories were the territories that are now Suriname and Indonesia.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Indonesia gained its independence after the Indonesian National Revolution in the decade of the 1940s following a war of independence, international pressure and several United Nations Security Council resolutions.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Suriname became independent in 1975.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Historical transformations passed down from its colonial past still have an effect on Dutch foreign policy.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

In addition, there are many people from Indonesia and Suriname who settled in the Netherlands.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The Dutch military has one of the oldest armed forces in Europe; pioneered by Maurice of Nassau at the end of the 1500s decade. The Dutch armed forces have been deployed throughout the Dutch Imperium.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

After Napoleon's defeat, the Dutch implemented a policy of conscription.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

These armed forces suffered failures at the time of the Belgian Revolution of 1830.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

After 1830, these armed forces were assigned mainly in the occupied territories of the Netherlands, as the Netherlands remained a neutral vote in warfare in Europe (including the First World War), until the Netherlands was invaded in the Second World War and soon defeated by the Wehrmacht in May 1940.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The Netherlands was no longer neutral in 1948 when the Brussels Treaty was signed, and became the founder of NATO in 1949.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The Dutch military then became part of the NATO force in Cold War Europe, and assigned its troops to several points in Germany.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

More than 3,000 Dutch soldiers were included into the Second Infantry Division of the United States Army during the Korean War.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

In 1996 conscription was discontinued, and the Dutch military was reverted to a professional military.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Since the decade of the 1990s the Dutch military was involved in the Bosnian War and the Kosovo War, the Dutch military held a province in Iraq after the defeat of Saddam Hussein, and the Dutch military also took part in Afghanistan.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The Dutch military consists of four branches, all containing the word Koninklijke (Royal): Koninklijke Landmacht (KL), Royal Netherlands Army; Koninklijke Marine (KM), Royal Netherlands Navy, including Naval Air Service and Marine Corps; Koninklijke Luchtmacht (KLu), Royal Netherlands Air Force; Koninklijke Marechaussee (KMar), Marsose of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, served as military police and border manager (a type of National Agency for Border Management in Indonesia.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Under-sea service is open to women since 01 January 2017.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The commando force (Corps Commandotroepen), Special Operations Forces of the Royal Netherlands Army, is open to women, but due to the very high physical demands for the initial exercise, it is almost impossible for women to become commando soldiers. [8]


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The Ministry of Defence of the Kingdom of the Netherlands employs more than 70,000 personnel, including more than 20,000 civilians and more than 50,000 military personnel. [9]


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

In April 2011 the government announced massive reductions in the military field due to government spending cuts, including reductions in the number of tanks, warplanes, warships, and senior soldiers. [10]


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The Dutch economy has an advanced, open economy where the government has reduced its role in overseeing the Dutch economy since the 1980s. The main economic activities in the Netherlands are including food processing, chemicals, oil processing, and electrical machinery manufacturing.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Although its agricultural sector only provides job opportunities for less than 4% of the population, the Netherlands is able to produce excess in the food industry for export.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The Netherlands ranked third on the list of food exporters, after the United States, and France.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

As the pioneering country of the Euro, the Netherlands replaced its old currency, the gulden, on 1 January 2002.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Demographics of the Netherlands estimated to have a population of 16,785,403 inhabitants on April 30, 2013. [11]


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The Netherlands is the 10th most populated country in Europe, and the 61st most in the world.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Between 1900, and 1950, the country's population almost doubled originally from 5.1 million to 10.0 million inhabitants.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

From 1950 to 2000, the population then increased again from 10.0 million to 15.9 million inhabitants, but the rate of population growth was smaller than fifty years ago. [12]


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The estimated growth rate in 2013 was 0.44%. [13]


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The Religious Language of Dutch Cultural Education has many famous painters.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The 17th century, when then the Dutch Republic achieved prosperity, was the time of “The Maestros of the Netherlands”, for example Rembrandt van Rijn, Johannes Vermeer, Jan Steen, Jacob van Ruysdael, and more.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Notable Dutch painters of the 19th, and 20th centuries were Vincent van Gogh, and Piet Mondriaan.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

M.C. Escher was a famous grafica artist, and Han van Meegeren was an art forger. [14]


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Willem de Kooning was born, and trained in Rotterdam, although he was considered an American artist.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The Netherlands was a country of philosophers, such as Erasmus of Rotterdam, and Spinoza.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

All of Descartes' major works were completed in the Netherlands.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens (1629—1695) who discovered Saturn's moon, Titan, argued that light propagates as waves, invented pendulum clocks, and was the first physicist to make use of mathematical formulation.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe, and explain single-cell organisms assisted by microscopy.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

In the Dutch Golden Age, literary art also grew flourished, with Joost van den Vondel and P. C. Hooft as two notable writers.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

In the 19th century, Multatuli wrote about the ill-treatment suffered by natives in Dutch colonies.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Important writers of the 20th century include Harry Mulisch, Jan Wolkers, Simon Vestdijk, Hella S. Haasse, Cees Nooteboom, Gerard (van het) Reve, and Willem Frederik Hermans.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Anne Frank's Diary of a Little Girl was published after she was raised in the Holokaus event, and transitioned from Dutch to the major languages of the world.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Replicas of Dutch buildings can be found in Huis Ten Bosch, Nagasaki, Japan.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

A similar Dutch village is under construction in Shenyang, China.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Windmills, tulips, wooden shoes, cheese, Delftware earthenware, and cannabis are among the many objects often linked to the Netherlands by tourists.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The Netherlands has a long history of social tolerance, and is now seen as a liberal country, judging by its drug policies, and its endorsement of euthanasia before the law.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

On 1 April 2001, the Netherlands became the first country to allow marriage of a kind.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Sports Nearly 4.5 million out of 16 million Dutch people are registered in 35,000 sports clubs in the country.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Approximately two three of the population older than 15 years of age participate in weekly sports activities. [15]


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Football is the most popular sport in the Netherlands, where hockey, and volleyball are the second, and third most popular sports.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Tennis, gymnastics (gymnastics), and golf are the three most extensive individual sports. [16]


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The organization of the sports branches began in the late 19th century early 20th century.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Federations for those branches were established (for example the skate racing federation in 1882), regulations were standardized, and clubs began to be established.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The Dutch National Olympic Committee was founded in 1912.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Since then, the Netherlands has earned 230 medals at the Summer Olympics, and 78 medals at the Winter Olympics.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The cuisine of the country is supported by fishing activities, and plantations, including the use of land to grow plants, and domesticated animals, and Dutch history as well.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Traditionally, Dutch cuisine is quite simple and innocent, with lots of vegetables, and little meat; breakfast, and lunch dishes are usually bread studded with other ingredients, while dinner is meat, and potatoes, complemented by seasonal vegetables.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Dutch food is quite rich in carbohydrates, and fats, reflecting the nutritional needs of workers whose culture is the basic look of the country; and contains many animal husbandry products certainly.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Without much manipulation, Dutch treats are best described as typical of the countryside, although many holidays are celebrated with special meals.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

In the mid-20th century this state of affairs underwent a change, and became more cosmopolitan, with much international cuisine present in major cities.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Colonial legacy From the exploitation of the VOC in the 17th century, until colonization in the 19th century, the ownership of the Dutch Imperium continued to expand, reaching its peak by establishing the hegemony of the Dutch East Indies in the early 20th century.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The Dutch East Indies, now known as Indonesia, is one of the most valuable European colonies in the world, and the most important for the Netherlands. [17]


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Over 350 years of shared heritage has left a variety of cultural features for the Dutch.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

See also Dutch East Indies List of countries in the world List of Dutch municipalities List of Dutch figures Statistical Reference Central Bureau of Statistics of the Netherlands (2006).


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Accessed on 2006-06-17.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Advanced reading Article Geography and Environment Burke, Gerald L.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The making of Dutch towns: A study in urban development from the 10th—17th centuries (1960) Lambert, Audrey M.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The Making of the Dutch Landscape: An Historical Geography of the Netherlands (1985); focuses on the reclamation history of the mainland of Meijer, Henk.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Compact geography of the Netherlands (1985) Riley, R. C., and G. J. Ashworth.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Benelux: An Economic Geography of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg (1975) (in English) The History of Paul Arblaster.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

A History of the Low Countries.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Palgrave Essential Histories Series New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. 298 pp.ISBN 1-4039-4828-3.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

J.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

C.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

H.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

Blom, and E. Lamberts, eds. Jonathan Israel's History of the Low Countries (1998).


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477—1806 (1995) J. A. Kossmann-Putto and E. H. Kossmann.


Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

The Low Countries: History of the Northern and Southern Netherlands (1987) Transclusion error outlinks: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


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Netherlands

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Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

Netherlands

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Question: What is the area of the naval ship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën?

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European Union


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich I (1122 — 10 June 1190), also known as Friedrich Barbarossa, was a Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

He was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9March 1152.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

He became King of Italy in 1155 and was crowned King of the Romans by Pope Adrianus IV on 18June 1155.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Two years later, the term sacrum (“sacred”) first appeared in documents related to his Empire. [1]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

He was then formally crowned King of Borgogne, in Arles on 30 June 1178.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

He got the nickname Barbarossa from the northern Italian cities he wanted to master: Barbarossa means “red-bearded” in Italian; [2] in German, he is known as (German: Kaiser Rotbart), which has a similar meaning.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Prior to the imperial election, Friedrich was heir to the title of Duke of Swabia (1147—1152, as Friedrich III).


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

He was the son of Duke FriedRichii of Wangsa Hohenstaufen and Judith, daughter of Heinrich IX of Bayern, of his rival, Wangsa of Guelf.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich was therefore a descendant of two prominent families in Germany, which led him to be elected King-Elector of the Empire.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Historians consider him one of the greatest Holy Roman Emperors of medieval times.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

He combined the qualities that made him almost superhuman of his era: the length of his life, his ambition, his immense skill within the organisation, his resilience on the battlefield as well as his fine politics.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

From his donations to Central European society and culture included the reshaping of the Corpus Juris Civilis, or the laws of Roman rule, which offset the papal power that dominated the German state since the storage of the Coronation Controversy.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Early years Friedrich was born in 1122.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In 1147 he became Duke of the southern German region, Swabia (Herzog von Schwaben), and shortly after, he made his first journey to the East, being accompanied by his ambassador, the German king Konrad III, on the Second Crusade.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The expedition became a disaster, [3] but Friedrich was able to distinguish himself and win the king's trust completely.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

When Konrad died in February 1152, only Friedrich and the bishop-king of Bamberg were witnesses to his death.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Both confirmed afterwards that Konrad handed over the royal coat of arms to Friedrich and indicated that he chose Friedrich rather than Konrad's only six-year-old son, the nominee Friedrich IV of Swabia, succeeding him as king. [4]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich vigorously pursued the crown and in Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 The royal electors appointed him as the next king of Germany. [4]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

He was crowned King of the Romans in Aachen a few days later, on 9 March 1152. [5]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich's father was descended from the Hohenstaufen Wangsa, and his mother from Wangsa Guelf, two of the most powerful predators in Germany.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Hohenstaufen Wangsa is often called Ghibellin, taken from the Italianization of Waiblingen castle, family position in Swabia; Welf Wangsa, in Italianization is called Wangsa Guelf. [6]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The reigns of Heinrich IV and Heinrich V left Germany's imperial status in disarray, its authority greatly diminished under the Coronation Controversy.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

For a quarter of a century after Heinrich V's death in 1125, the German monarchy was largely only a nominal title without any power. [7]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The king was chosen by the princes, given no source outside their territory, and he was prevented from acting with any real authority.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Royal titles were henceforth passed from one family to another in order to preclude the development of the interests of the wangsa in the German crown.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

When Friedrich I of Hohenstaufen was elected seagai king in 1152, the king's power had been effectively postponed for more than twenty-five years, and to advance to a considerable level of more than eighty years.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The only real demands on wealth in northern Italian cities, which were still within the control of the German king. [8]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The Salier line became extinct with the death of Heinrich V in 1125.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The German princes refused to endow the crown to his nephew, the dukes of Swabia, who feared he would try to regain imperial power held by Heinrich V. Instead they chose Lothar III (1125—1137), who was seen inside the unfolding dispute long with the Hohenstaufen Wangsa, and who married into the Wangsa of Guelf.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

One of the members of the Hohenstaufen Wangsa ascended the throne as Konrad III of Germany (1137—1152).


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

When Friedrich Barbarossa took his place in 1152, there seemed to be a very good prospect of ending hostilities, as he also came from Guelf on the part of his mother. [4]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The duke of Sachsen Welf, Heinrich der Löwe, was not very pleased, but remained a sworn enemy of the Hohenstaufen monarchy.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Barbarossa had the duchy of Swabia and Franconia, the force of his own personality, and very little of the others to establish an empire. [9]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The Germany that Friedrich wanted to unify was a patchwork each of more than 1600 countries, which had its own princes.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Some of those regions are large such as Bayern and Sachsen.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Many are too small to show on the map. [10]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The titles given to the German monarch were “Caesar”, “Augustus”, and “Roman Emperor”.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

By the time Friedrich would take those titles, they were nothing more than a propaganda slogan with little other meaning. [11]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich was a pragmatist who dealt with the princes by seeking common interests.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Unlike Henry II of England, Friedrich did not attempt to end medieval feudalism, but rather tried to embolden it, although it was beyond his means.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The big players in the German civil wars were Pope, Emperor, Ghibellin and Guelf, but none emerged as the winner. [12]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Coming to power Eager to restore the Empire to the position occupied by Charlemagne and Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, the new king witnessed clearly that the restoration of order in Germany was a necessary start to uphold imperial rights in Italy.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Issuing general orders for peace, he made lavish concessions to the nobles. [13]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Abroad, Friedrich intervened in the Danish civil war among Svend III Grathe and Valdemar I of Denmark [14] and began several negotiations with the Eastern Roman Emperor, Manouel I Komnenos. [15]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

It was probably at about that time that the king obtained papal approval to annul his hereditary marriage to Adela of Vohburg, on grounds of blood alteration (his ancestors were brothers of Adela's ancestors, who made them fourth cousins, once removed).


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

He then unsuccessfully attempted to obtain a prospective bride from the court of Constantinople.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

On his ascension to the throne, Friedrich had broached the news of his election to Pope Eugenius III, but neglected to ask for papal confirmation.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In March 1153, Friedrich concluded the treaty of Constance with the Pope, whereby he promised, in return for his coronation, to defend the papacy, not to reconcile with king Ruggeru II of Sicily or other enemies of the Church without the consent of Eugenius, and to assist Eugenius regained the authority of the city of Rome. [16]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

First Italian campaign: 1154—55 Frederick made six expeditions to Italy.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The first, beginning in early October 1154, [17] the plan was to launch a campaign against the Norman Nation under King Gugghiermu I of Sicily. [15]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

He walked downstairs and soon met resistance to his authority.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Gaining the surrender of Milan, he successfully besieged Tortona early in 1155, and razed it to the ground. [18]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

He moved to Pavia, where he received the iron Crown of Lombardia and the title of King of Italy. [19]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Moving through Bologna and Toskana, he soon approached the city of Rome.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

There, Pope Adrianus IV fought with the troops of the commune of the republican city led by Arnaldus, a disciple of Peter Abelardus. [2]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

As a sign of his good faith, Friedrich disbanded the ambassadors of the restored Roman Senate, [15] and the royal forces suppressed the republicans.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Arnaldus was arrested and sentenced to hang for his treason and rebellion.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Despite orthodox teachings regarding theology, Arnaldus was not convicted of the charge of heretics. [20]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

As soon as Friedrich approached the gates of Rome, the Pope came forward to meet him.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In the royal tent the king received it, and after kissing the pope's feet, Friedrich was expected to receive the traditional kiss of peace. [21]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich however refused to hold the Pope's stirrups when leading him to the tent, so Adrianus refused to give him a kiss until this protocol was fulfilled. [2]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich hesitated and Adrihumanv resigned; after a day of negotiating, Friedrich agreed to perform the necessary rituals, reportedly muttering, “Pro Petro, non Adriano — For Peter, not Adrianus. “[21]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Rome was still in uproar over the fate of Arnaldus of Brescia, so that not marching through the streets of Rome, Friedrich an Adrianus retreated to the Vatican.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The next day, June 18, 1155, Adrihumanv crowned Friedrich I Holy Roman Emperor in St. Peter's Basilica, in the midst of the acclamation of the German army. [22]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The Romans started a riot, and Friedrich spent his comprehension day defusing the revolt, which resulted in over 1,000 Romaw dead as well as hundreds more suffering injuries.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The next day, Friedrich, Adrianus, and German troops traveled to Tivoli.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

From there, the combination of an unhealthy Italian summer and the effects of his year-long absence in Germany led him to be forced to postpone his planned campaign against the Norman nation of Sicily. [22]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

On their way north, they attacked Spoleto and encountered some of Manoueli's ambassadors Komnenus, who flooded Friedrich with expensive gifts.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In Verona, Friedrich expressed his anger with the Milanese rebels before finally returning to Germany. [23]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Disruption was once again rampant in Germany, especially in Bayern, but general peace was restored by Friedrich's strong but peaceful measures.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The Duchy of Bayern was transferred from Heinrich II Jasomirgott, markgraf of Austria, to Frederick's younger cousin, Heinrich der Löwe, Duke of Sachsen, of Wangsa Guelf, whose father had previously held both duchies. [24]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Heinrichii Jasomirgott was sworn in as Duke of Austria for compensation for his loss at Bayern.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

As part of a general policy regarding official concessions of power for the German princes and ending the civil war within the kingdom, Friedrich assuaged Heinrich by issuing the Privilegium Minus for him, which guaranteed him unprecedented rights as duke Austria.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

This action was a major concession on the part of Friedrich, who realized that Heinrich had to be accommodated, even to the point of sharing some power with him.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich was unable to be hostile to Heinrich directly. [25]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

On 9 June 1156 in Würzburg, Friedrich married Béatrice, daughter as well as heiress of RenaudiII, thus adding to his considerable royal possessions from the Province of Bourgogne.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In his efforts to create a gesture of respect, Emperor Friedrich promulgated Landfrieden, [26] written between the years 1152 and 1157, which imposed punishments of various crimes, as well as a system for adjudicating many disputes.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

He also declared himself the only Augustus in the Roman world, who ceased to recognize Manoueli in Constantinople. [27]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The second, third and fourth Italian campaigns: 1158—1174 The retreat of Friedrich in 1155 forced Pope Adrihumanv to make peace with King Gugghiermu I of Sicily, and guaranteed him the territories that Friedrich regarded as his own. [28]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

This was detrimental to Friedrich, and he was even more displeased when the papal Legatus chose to interpret a letter from Adrianus to Friedrich in a way that implied that the imperial crown was a gift from the Pope and that in fact the empire itself was a doom of the Papacy. [29]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Fed up with the Pope, and still wanting to destroy the southern Normandi nation of Italy, in June 1158, Friedrich set out for a second Italian expedition, accompanied by Heinrich der Löwe and his Sachsen army. [30]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

This expedition resulted in the rebellion and capture of Milan, [31] the Parliament of Roncaglia which witnessed the establishment of imperial officials and ecclesiastical reforms in northern Italian cities, [32] and the beginning of a long struggle with Pope Aleksander III.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The death of Pope Adrianus IV in 1159 led to the election of both the pope's rivals, AleksanderiII and the anti-Pope Vittore IV, and both sought Friedrich's support. [33]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich who was preoccupied with the Siege of Crema, apparently did not support AleksanderiII, and after plundering Crema requested that Aleksander appear before the emperor in Pavia and accept the imperial edict. [34]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Aleksander rejected it, and Friedrich recognized Vittore IV as legitimate pope in 1160. [35]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In return, Aleksander III excommunicated both FriedRichi and VittoReiv. [36]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich attempted to convene a joint council meeting with King Louis VII of France in 1162 to decide the issue of who should be pope. [35]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Louis approached the meeting place, but when he realized that Friedrich had piled up votes for Aleksander, Louis decided not to attend the meeting.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

As a result, the issue was not resolved at that time. [37]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The result of the political struggle with Pope Aleksander was an alliance formed between the Norman state of Sicily and Pope AleksanderiII against Friedrich. [38]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Meanwhile, Friedrich had to deal with another revolt in Milan, to which the city surrendered on March 6, 1162; many were destroyed three weeks later by order of the emperor. [39]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Milan's fate caused Brescia, Piacenza, and many other Italian cities to surrender. [40]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Returning to Germany towards the end of 1162, Friedrich prevented an escalation of conflict among Heinrich der Löwe of Sachsen and a number of neighbouring princes who were growing weary over Friedrich's power and influence as well as the territories he won.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

He also severely punished some of the citizens of Mainz for their rebellion against Archbishop Arnaldus.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In Friedrich's third visit in 1163, his plans to conquer Sicily were undermined by the formation of a strong league against him, which brought together the opposition of imperial taxes.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In 1164 Friedrich took what was alleged to be the Hallows of the “Biblical Magi” (Three Kings or Magi Men of the East) from the Basilica of Sant'Eustorgio in Milan and gave as a gift (or as booty) to the Archdiocese of Köln, Rainald of Dassel.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The Hallows are of great religious significance and can be relied upon to attract pilgrims from all over the Christian World.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Now it is imbued inside the Temple of the Three Kings inside the Cologne Cathedral.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

After the death of anti-pope VittoReiv, Friedrich supported the anti-pope Paskalis III, but he was expelled from Rome shortly thereafter, which resulted in the return of Pope AleksanderiII in 1165. [41]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich meanwhile concentrated himself on the restoration of peace in Rheinland, whereupon he held a magnificent celebration of the Canonization (Charlemagne) in Aachen, under the authority of the anti-pope PascalisiII.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Concerned over gossip that Aleksander III would begin an alliance with the Byzantine Emperor, Manouel I Komnenos, [42] in October 1166 Friedrich began his fourth campaign in Italy, hoping to secure the demands of PaskalisiII and the coronation of his wife, Béatrice I as Empress of the Romans Sacred.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

This time, Heinrich der Löwe refused to join Friedrich into Italy, and was inclined to deal with his own disputes with the neighbours and continue his expansion into the Slavik territories of northeastern Germany.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In 1167 Friedrich began besieging Ancona, which began to recognize Manoueli's authority; [43] at the same time, his army achieved a great victory over the Romans at the Battle of Monte Porzio. [44]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Big hearted by this victory, Friedrich lifted the siege of Ancona and rushed to Rome, whereupon he crowned his wife as empress and also received a second coronation from PaskalisiII. [44]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Unfortunately, his campaign was halted by a sudden epidemic outbreak (malaria or pes), which threatened the royal forces and drove the emperor as a fugitive to Germany, [45] [46] where he remained for the following six years.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

During this period, Friedrich decided to sue into various dioceses in opposition, asserting imperial authority over Bohemia, Poland, and Hungary, initiating friendly relations with Manouelnbsp; I, and trying to better understand Henry II of England and Louis VII of France .


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Many comte of Swabia, including his cousin the young Duke of Swabia, FriedRichiv, who died in 1167, so that he could govern the new powerful territories within the Duchy of Swabia under his rule in those days.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

As a result, his younger son FriedRichv became the new Duke of Swabia in 1167, [47] and his eldest son Heinrich VI was crowned King of the Romans in 1169, along with his father who also retained the same title. [45]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Later years Rising anti-German sentiment that swept Langobardi, culminating in the restoration of Milan in 1169. [48]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In 1174 Friedrich carried out his fifth expedition to Italy.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

(Allegedly at this time that the famous Tafelgüterverzeichnis, a record concerning the territories of the kingdom was made. [49]) He was opposed by the pro-papal League of Langobardi (now a composite of Venice, Sicily, and Constantinople), which had previously been formed against him. [50 ]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Cities in northern Italy became very wealthy through trade, which represented a real turning point inside the medieval transition of feudalism.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

While the continent feudalism remained socially and economically strong, that greatly degraded politics in the time of Friedrich Barbarossa.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

When the northern Italian city caused Friedrich to lose in Alessandria in 1175, the European world was shocked. [51] [52] With Heinrich der Löwe's refusal to help in Italy, the campaign failed miserably.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich suffered a heavy defeat at the Battle of Legnano near Milan on 29 May 1176, for which he was wounded and for some time presumed dead. [53]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

This battle marked a turning point in Friedrich's demands to the kingdom. [54]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

He had no other choice but to start peace negotiations with Aleksander III and the Langobardi League.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In the Treaty of Anagni in 1176, Friedrich recognized Aleksander III as pope, and in the Venetian Tractate in 1177, Friedrich and Aleksander III formally reconciled. [55]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The scene was the same as it took place between Pope Gregory VII and Heinrich IV, Holy Roman Emperor in Canossa a century earlier.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The conflict was resolved by the Pact of Worms: Did the Holy Roman Emperor have the authority to appoint popes or bishops?


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The Coronation Controversy from a century earlier ushered in a tendentious peace with the Pact of Worms and was affirmed within the First Council of the Lateran.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Now it reappears inside a slightly different form.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich had to demean himself before Aleksander III in Venice. [56]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The emperor recognized the pope's sovereignty over the Papal States, and in return Aleksander recognized the emperor's power over the Royal Church.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Also in the dala of the Peace of Venice, a truce was made with the cities of Langobardi, which came into effect in August 1178. [57]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The reason for a permanent peace that was not established until 1183, but in the Treaty of Constance, Friedrich recognized their right to freely elect judges in their city.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

With this move, Friedrich restored nominal dominance in Italy, which became his main means by applying pressure on the papacy. [58]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In a move to strengthen his rule after an unsuccessful expedition in Italy, Friedrich was officially crowned King of Bourgogne in Arles on 30 June 1178.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Although traditionally German kings were automatically heirs to the royal crown of Arles from the time of Konrad II, it felt that it was necessary to be crowned by the Archbishop of Arles, despite his demands for the title from 1152.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich was unable to forgive Heinrich der Löwe for having refused to help him in 1176. [59]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In 1180, Heinrich managed to establish a strong state consisting of Sachsen, Bayern and substantial territories in the north and east of Germany.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Take the opportunity of the hostility of other German princes towards Heinrich, Friedrich had Heinrich tried in absentia by a court of bishops and princes in 1180, stating that imperial law was above traditional German law, and deprived Heinrich of his territories and made him accused. [60]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

He then stormed Sachsen with the imperial army to urge his cousin to surrender.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Heinrich's allies abandoned him, and finally he was mnyerah in November 1181.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Heinrich spent three years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, Henry II of England in Normandy before he was allowed back to Germany and served as Duke of Brunswick. [61]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich's desire for his revenge has been fulfilled.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Heinrich der Löwe lived his later life quietly, he sponsored art and architecture.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich's victory over Heinrich did not make him win as much of the German feudalistic system as it would have had the English feudal system.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

While in England the oath of allegiance fell into direct line from gentlemen to their subordinates, the German nation only swore directly to its master, so that in Heinrich's case, his subordinates within the feudal chain owed nothing against Friedrich.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

So Friedrich did not earn his loyalty. [62]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich was confronted with the reality of disorder among the German state, whereby a continuous civil war waged among ambitious defenders and figures who wanted the crown for themselves.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Italian unity under German rule is more considered myth than truth.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Despite the proclamations of German hegemony, the pope is the most powerful figure in Italy. [63]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

When Friedrich returned to Germany after his defeat in northern Italy, he was bitter and tired.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The German princes were far under royal control, who intensified themselves on the wealth and power in Germany surrounding their positions.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

There began a general social desire to “create a greater Germany” by conquering the Slaviks to the east. [64]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Although the Italian city-state had achieved independence from Friedrich as a result of the failure of his fifth expedition in Italy, [65] the emperor did not succumb to Italian rule.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In 1184, he organized a massive celebration of the keika of his two eldest sons being crowned knights, and thousands of knights were invited from all over Germany. [66]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Later in 1184, Friedrich once again moved to Italy, this time joining the local nobility to reduce the power of the cities of Toskana. [67]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In 1186, he engineered the marriage of his son Heinrich to Custanza, Queen of Sicily, heiress of the Kingdom of Sicily, which was opposed by Pope Urbanus III. [68]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The Third Crusade and Death of Pope Urbanus III died shortly afterwards, and was succeeded by Gregory VIII, who was more concerned with alarming reports from the Holy Land than fighting over power with Barbarossa.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

After making peace with the new pope, Friedrich vowed to take up the cross at the Parliament of Mainz in 1188. [50]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich embarked on the Third Crusade (1189—92), a major expedition connected with France, led by King Philippe II of France, and England led by King Richard the Lion Heart.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich organized a large army of 100,000 men (including 20,000 knights) and set out by road to the Holy Land; [69] Some historians suspect this number was excessive, and that the correct number was nearly 15,000 men, including 3,000 knights. [70] jmpl|ka|straight|Saleph River, which now known as Göksu The crusading armies passed through Hungary, Serbia, and Bulgaria before entering Byzantine territory and arriving in Constantinople in the autumn of 1189.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Matters were complicated by a secret alliance between the Emperor of Constantinople and Saladin, who was warned by a note given from Sibylle, the former queen of Jerusalem. [71]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

When in Hungary, Barbarossa personally asked Prince Géza, brother of King Béla III of Hungary, to join in the Crusades.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The king agreed and a Hungarian army of 2,000 men led by Géza escorted the German emperor's troops.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The troops came from western Europe driven through Anatolia, whereupon they were victorious in taking Akşehir and defeating the Turks at the Battle of Iconium, and entered the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The approach of the German forces was of great concern to Salahuddin Ayyubi and other Muslim leaders, who began deploying their own troops to confront Barbarossa's forces. [2]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

On 10 June 1190, Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa drowned near Silifke Castle on the Göksu river. [72]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

There are several conflicting notes on that matter.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Some historians suspect he may have had a heart attack that complicated the problem.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Some of Friedrich's men placed him inside a vat of vinegar to preserve his remains.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich's death caused unrest within his army.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Tanap a leader, they became panicked and attacked from all sides by the Turks, many Germans were torn, killed or killed themselves.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Only 5,000 soldiers from the total number of his original troops arrived in Akko. Barbarossa's son, Friedrich VI of Swabia, passed on with the remnants of the German army along with the Hungarian army under the lead of Prince Géza, with the aim of sinking the emperor in Jerusalem, but efforts to preserve his remains in vinegar failed.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Therefore, his flesh was then buried in St. Peter's Church in Antioch, his bones within the Cathedral of Tyre, and his heart and other parts in his body in Tarsus. [2]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich's sudden death left the Crusade army under the leadership of his rivals, Philippe II and Richard, who had traveled to Palestine separately by sea, and his morals led to its dissolution.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Richard proceeded to the East where he defeated Saladin in many battles, who won promising territory along the Palestinian coast, but ultimately failed to win the war by conquering Jerusalem itself before he was forced to return to his own territory in the north west Europe, known as the Plantagenêt Empire.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

He returned home after signing the Ramla Tract agreeing that Jerusalem would stay under Muslim control and allow Christian pilgrims and merchants to visit the city.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The tracts also reduced the Kingdom of Jerusalem to a geopolitk coastal strip stretching from Tyre to Jaffa.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich and the code of Justinianus The increase in the fortunes of the trading cities of northern Italy led to the emergence of studies concerning the Corpus Juris Civilis, the Latin legal system that had become extinct a century earlier.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Legal scholars renewed the application.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

It is speculated that Pope Gregory VII personally supported this rule of Justinianus and had a copy of it.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Historian Norman Cantor describes the Corpus Juris Civilis (Justinianus Civil Law Agency) as “the greatest legal code ever drafted”. [73]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Described state law as a reflection of natural moral law (as seen by those of Justinianus' system), the principle of risionality in the universe.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

By the time Friedrich ascended the throne, this legal system was well established on both sides of the Alps.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

He was the first figure to take advantage of the availability of new professional class lawyers.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Civil Law allowed Friedrich to use the lawyer to manage his kingdom in a logical and consistent manner.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

It also provided a framework to legitimize its demands to the right to rule both Germany and northern Italy.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In the old days of Heinrich V and Heinrich VI, the demands of the divine Right of kings had been severely undermined by the Coronation Controversy.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The church won the argument in the realm of the common people's minds.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

There was no divine right for the German king who uga controlled the church by inducting both bishops and popes.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The institution of the code of Justinianus was probably used by Friedrich to demand divine power. [74]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In Germany, Friedrich was a political realist figure, taking what he could and leaving the rest.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In Italy, he tended to be a romantic reactionary, who enjoyed the spirit of antiquarian times, exemplified by the revival of classical studies and Roman law.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Through the restoration of the use of the code Justinianus Friedrich considered himself the new Roman emperor. [75]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Roman law gave a rational tujan for Friedrich's existence and his imperial ambitions.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The balancing of the demands of the Church has authority due to divine revelation.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The Church opposed Friedrich for ideological reasons, not least of which was the humanist nature found in the revival of the ancient Roman legal system. [76]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

When Pippin the Short attempted to become king of Franka in the 8th century, the church needed military protection, so Pippin felt comfortable allying with the pope.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

But Friedrich wanted to streamline the pope and demanded the ancient Roman crown simply because he felt to be the greatest emperor of the pre-Christian era.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Pope Adrianus IV opposed these views and campaigned vociferously propaganda designed to diminish Friedrich's power and his ambitions, and most of his efforts were successful. [77]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

A charismatic leader The historians compared Friedrich to Henry II of England.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Both were considered the greatest and most charismatic leaders of their time.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Each has a rare combination of qualities that made him seem extraordinary in his time: longevity, boundless ambition, extraordinary organizing skills, and greatness on the field of battle.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Both are handsome and proficient in skill.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Both ascended the throne on the cusp of manhood.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Each has unur learning, without assuming intellectual practical but rather more inclined to practicality.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Each individual finds himself in the possession of a new legal institution that is put to creative use within the government.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Both Henry and Friedrich were seen as sufficient and officially devout with the teachings of the Church, without being transferred to the esktrem of spirituality seen in some of the great saints dating back to the 12th century.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Inside making final decisions, each relying solely on their own judgment, [78] and both are interested in gathering as much power as they can. [79]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

In accordance with this view of Friedrich, his amendment, Otto of Freising, wrote an account of Friedrich's reign entitled Gesta Friderici I imperatoris (Deed of Emperor Friedrich).


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Otto died after completing the first two books, leaving the last two to Rahewin, his rector.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The text largely depends on classical precedent. [80]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

For example, a physical description of Friedrich by Rahewin reproduced verbatim (except for details of his hair and beard) a description of another king written down nearly eight hundred years earlier by Sidonius Apollinaris: [81] His character is like those who envy the His power that can underestimate his praise.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Proportionals are good.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

He is shorter than a very tall man, but taller and more noble than a man of medium height.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Her hair is golden, which curls slightly above her forehead...


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

His eyes are sharp and piercing, his beard is reddish [barba subrufa], his lips are smooth...


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

His whole face was bright and cheerful.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

His teeth are even like white snow...


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Simplicity is not anger that causes it to rub.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

His shoulders are rather broad and his stature is strong...


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich's charisma that ebih from a quarter of a century restored imperial authority in the German states.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Formidable foes who attack him almost on every side, but in the end he emerges as the winner.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Type Friedrich ascended to the throne, the prospects for a rise to German imperial power were slim.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The great German princes had increased their power and proprietary lands.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The king was only left with traditional family domeins and remnants of power over the bishops and monasteries.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

The bad aftermath of the Coronation Controversy left the German state in an endless mess.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Rival countries are at war continuously.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Those conditions allowed Friedrich to be both a soldier and occasional peace-maker, to his advantage. [9]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Descendants Friedrich's first marriage to Adela of Vohburg produced no offspring and was annulled. [82]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

From his second marriage to Béatrice I, [82] he had the following descendants: Beatrice (1162—1174).


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

She was matched-up with King Guglielmo II of Sicily but died before they could marry.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Friedrich V of Swabia (Pavia, 16 July 1164— 28 November 1170).


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Heinrich VI, Holy Roman Emperor (Nijmegen, November 1165 — Messina, 28 September 1197). [82]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Konrad (Modigliana, February 1167 — Akko, 20 January 1191), later changed his name to Friedrich VI of Swabia after the death of his kakanda. [82]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Gisela (October/November 1168 — 1184).


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Otto I of Bourgogne (June/July 1170 — slain, Besançon, 13 January 1200). [82]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Konrad II of Swabia and Rothenburg (February/March 1172 — slain, Durlach, 15 August 1196). [82]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Renaud (October/November 1173 — during a boy).


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Wilhelm (June/July 1176 — during the boy).


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Philipp of Swabia (August 1177 — killed, Bamberg, 21 June 1208) King of Germany in 1198. [82]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Agnes (1181 — 8 October 1184).


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

She was matched-up with King Imre, King of Hungary but died before they could marry.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

See also German ruling family tree Family tree Duke of Swabia Operation Barbarossa, was the code name of the German incursion into the Soviet Union in 1941. [83]


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Reference This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: The first source of Otto of Freising and his continuator Rahewin, The deeds of Frederick Barbarossa tr. Charles Christopher Mierow with Richard Emery.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

New York: Columbia University Press, 1953.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Reprinted: Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Ibn al-Athir Romuald of Salerno.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Chronicon in Rerum Italicarum scriptores.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Otto of Sankt Blasien The “Bergamo Master”.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Carmen de gestis Frederici I imperatoris in Lombardia.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Chronicon Vincentii Canonici Pragensis in Monumenta historica Boemiae by Fr. Gelasius Dobner (1764) Second source Outlink (2009-10-31) for the bishopric of Bamberg showing the Emperor's seal, 6.4.1157.


Question: How much was the son of the Roman emperor Frederick I?

Friedrich I, Holy Roman Emperor

Taken from the collections of the at Marburg University Category:Holy Roman Emperor Category:Birth 1122 Category:Death 1190 Category:Christians in Third Crusade Category:Duke of Swabia Category:Hohenstaufen Wangsa Category:King of Germans in Bourgogne Category:12th Century Rulers in Europe


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Palabuhanratu Beach, or more popularly as Pelabuhan Ratu Beach, is a tourist spot on the Indian Ocean coast south of West Java, Indonesia.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

The location is located about 60 km south from Sukabumi City.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

The beach is known to have very strong waves and is therefore dangerous for beach swimmers.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

The topography is a mix of steep and gently sloping beaches, rugged coral cliffs, waves, and reserve forests.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Since this place has its own appeal, President Soekarno established its resting place in 1960 in Tenjo Official.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

In addition, at Soekarno's initiative was also established Samudera Beach Hotel, one of the first luxury hotels built in Indonesia at the same time as Hotel Indonesia, Bali Beach Hotel, and Serba Store “Sarinah”, all of which used war funds from Japan.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Recreational Facilities In addition to large and luxurious hotels Samudera Beach Hotel, in this area there are also a number of hotels and small inns, Pondok Dewata resort is one of the most popular luxury villas visited by tourists.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Not how far from Palabuhanratu Beach are several other tourist attractions.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Hawu Coral Beach, located about 20 km from the center of Palabuhanratu City, is a coral beach that juts out into the sea and potholes in some parts of it.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

The coral shape is more like a furnace, in Sundanese it is called “Hawu”.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Other beaches located in this area include Cibareno Beach, Cimaja, Cibangban, Break Water, Citepus, Kebon Kelapa, and Tenjo Officially.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Public Facilities and Accommodation Facilities available in this West Java Attraction include: Mosque Mosque Enough Parking Area Postal service, Telecommunication and Money changer Scout and Tourism Information Center Hotel and Horse Lodging rented, Skating Board and Tires Swimming rented Surf Playground Children's Playground Where to Relax Food or Restaurant (Sea Food) Beach Guard/Rescue Team (SAR) And also equipped with Tourist Information Map.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Various accommodations are also available, from Inns class to Starred Hotels.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Among others: Inna Samudera Beach Palabuhanratu Hotel Pondok Dewata Hotel Karang Sari Hotel Bunga Ayu Hotel Bayu Amrta Bukit Indah Mahessa Indah Padi - Padi Beach Resort Augusta Hotel Cleopatra Hotel Kumala Samudera Mustika Ratu Desa Resort and Spa Kasep & Geulis Beach Mutiara Hotel Karang Hawu Permai Hotel Puri Sari Hotel Villas Lagusa Villa Zane Philita Villa Pondok Kencana Hotel & The Ombak Seven Pub Sukabumi Indah Karang Aji Beach Villa About 17 km from Palabuhanratu Beach there are hot springs in Cisolok, whose water contains high sulfur and useful for health.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Around Palabuhanratu, there are at least nine location points for surfing, namely at Batu Guram, Karang Sari, Samudra Beach, Cimaja, Karang Haji, Indicator, Sunset Beach, Ombak Tuwa to Ujung tile.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Each beach has waves with its own characteristics.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Passing Palabuhanratu Beach Palabuhanratu Beach is a beach that has a distinctive panoramic beauty.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

A mix of steep beaches, sloping beaches, rugged coral backdrop of forest and mountain nature reserves and rivers that can be used for rafting rinks.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

In addition to beautiful, the beach located about 4 hours by road from Bogor Rains City has various advantages in comparison to other beaches in Indonesia.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

This attraction is quite famous abroad thanks to its beautiful natural panoramic topography, cool air, wide sand expanses, a mix of steep and gentle beaches, craggy coral cliffs, waves, and also forest reserves.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

In addition to the beauty of the beach, Palabuhanratu Beach also has several other privileges, among others: Can see the rising sun (sunrise) from the East Coast.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Can see the setting of the sun (sunset) from the West Coast.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

The beach is gently sloping with clear water.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

There is a beach with a stretch of soft sand.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Have a beach tour rescue team/Search And Rescue team (SAR).


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Seamlessly paved neighborhood roads with adequate street lighting.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Myth People of the south coast especially Palabuhanratu believe the existence of the ruler of the south sea, namely Ratu Kidul.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

That said, she is a beautiful queen like an angel.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

In the South Sea - another name of the Indian Ocean - south of the island of Java, he is enthroned to a huge and beautiful kingdom of ethereal creatures.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Hajat Sea Fishermen Day, a ceremony performed by fishermen in Palabuhanratu City as a manifestation of their gratitude towards the mercy of God Almighty by dissolving the offerings to the high seas.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

This event is usually held in every April usually the people around Palabuhanratu hold the traditional ritual ceremony of Fishermen's Day.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Fishermen's Day is intended as a gift to God YME for the sustenance they have obtained from the sea and to be kept away from disaster.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Usually in this ceremony provided offerings in the form of buffalo heads that will be dragged into the middle of the sea.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Location and Access Location Palabuhanratu Beach is right in the Palabuhanratu City area of West Java, about 60 Kilometers from Sukabumi City to the South.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Tourists can use public transportation to visit Palabuhanratu Beach.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

From the terminal area of Jakarta or Bogor area, Travelers can use the bus destination Palabuhanratu - Bogor.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

From the terminal of Bandung or Sukabumi area, Travelers can use the bus destination Palabuhanratu - Sukabumi.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

From the terminal area of Pangandaran or the South Coast Line area, Travelers can use the bus destination Palabuhanratu - Pangandaran.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

From the nearby area of Palabuhanratu City, Tourists can use walking.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

See Palabuhanratu District Palabuhanratu City Palabuhanratu Grand Mosque Palabuhanratu Palabuhanratu Square Palabuhanratu Beach Palabuhanratu Bay Palabuhanratu Palace Palabuhanratu Palace Palabuhanratu Cave Lalay Palabuhanratu Hot Spring Palabuhanratu Water Park Palabuhanratu City Park Palabuhanratu City Park Mount Sumping Palabuhanratu Palabuhanratu Library Building Manangel Circuit Palabuhanratu Palabuhanratu Airport Palabuhanratu Station Palabuhanratu Sea Port Regional Feeder Palabuhanratu Toll Road Jakarta - Bogor - Palabuhanratu Steam Power Plant Palabuhanratu List of tourist attractions in Palabuhanratu Outside link of Sinar Harapan, accessed September 25, 2006.


Question: Where is Kidul Beach?

Palabuhanratu Beach

Category:Palabuhanratu Java Palabuhanratu Beach Palabuhanratu Beach Palabuhanratu Beach Palabuhanratu Beach Palabuhanratu Beach Palabuhanratu Beach Palabuhanratu Beach


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

Lexmark International, Inc. (NYSE:) is an American company that develops and manufactures printer and imaging products, and provides all needs for all sizes of printers and image processing software, solutions and services including laser printers, Multifunctional products, printer equipment, and business services for businesses and companies.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

The company is headquartered in Lexington, Kentucky, United States.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

Lexmark Company History was formed in 1991 when the IBM company divested for printer and supply printer needs to investment firm Clayton & Dubilier & Rice, Inc. [1] [2].


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

Lexmark became a publicly traded company and went public with shares traded on the New York Stock Exchange on November 15, 1995 [3].


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

Operating area The company's offices and HR and development offices are located at its headquarters in Lexington with additional R&D facilities located in Cebu, Philippines, Kansas in America and India [4].


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

In addition the Lexmark company has branch offices throughout North and South America, Asia, Africa and the European region.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

The company has more than 13,000 employees worldwide.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

In addition to hardware makers under their own names, Lexmark is also an original equipment manufacturer (English: original equipment manufacturer) or abbreviated OEM for printers for other major companies, such as Dell and IBM InfoPrint.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

Lexmark also develops printing solutions and development services for touchscreen use on printers that provide access to many software applications that can reduce the process complexity typically found in manual paper printers.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

The Lexmark company experienced rapid growth in 2005 when John Gamble jr. joined the company as CFO.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

Acquisition In May 2010, the Lexmark company entered into a definitive agreement to acquire the company Perceptive Software to build and strengthen the company focused on Lexmark's workflow document solutions and print services management offerings [5].


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

Perceptive Software is a software company that develops enterprise content management (English: enterprise content management) or abbreviated ECM, business management process (English: business process management) or abbreviated as BPM, and document output management applications (English: document output management) or abbreviated DOM.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

Perceptive Software Company is headquartered in Kansas City, Kansas, United States. with branch offices in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates, and the United Kingdom, the company employs over 900 workers.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

In 2011, the company Lexmark International purchased the Netherlands-based company Pallas Athena in a cash transaction valued at approximately $50.2 million [6].


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

The aforementioned Dutch company is now part of the Perceptive Software company.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

The purchase of Pallas Athena strengthens Lexmark in the field of print services management (English: managed print services) or abbreviated MPS and business process solutions with the addition of business process management (BPM), document output management (DOM) and software mining process capabilities (English: process mining software capabilities).


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

On March 5, 2012, Lexmark announced the acquisition of a Luxembourg company, BDGB Enterprise, including its American subsidiary, Brainware Inc., for a cash purchase price of approximately $148 million [7].


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

Brainware Inc. company's intelligent data collecting platform, accurately performs the extraction of critical information from paper and electronic documents, validates the extracted data and channels it on customer data management systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP) and/or systems financial management.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

The Brainware brand was integrated into “Perceptive Intelligent Capture (English: Perceptive Intelligent Capture), a Brainware production”, on October 15, 2012 [8].


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

On 19 March 2012, Lexmark acquired an Australian company, ISYS Search Software for $32 million and an American-based company, Nolij Corporation for $32 million [9].


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

ISYS builds enterprise search solutions, and Nolij develops web-based document imaging and workflow software.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

Printer hardware offering|Ka|JMPL|200px|Lexmark X5450 printers The Lexmark Company specializes in the field of manufacturing printers and printer accessories.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

The company's current product range includes color laser printers, monochrome laser printers and inkjet printers, all of which can follow with scanners (including all-in-one devices with fax, scanners and photo printers), and already dot matrix printers.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

Lexmark was one of the first companies to release a Wi-Fi inkjet printer and the first to release a printer with a web-enabled touchscreen.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

The company also offers a wide range of laser printers with software solutions for use in professional printing environments.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

A series of special series printers - if equipped with accessory cards sold separately (one memory card for storing data and one Lexmark form card) - are capable of interpreting textual data and converting them into form forms.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

To create the form forms needed for work, the printer used the “Lexmark Forms Composer” software package, an exclusive package available from the Lexmark company aimed at developers.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

It's the same type of software that began to be used on recent releases of Lexmark printers with their business card scanning capabilities.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

Discontinuation of inkjet printer production Coinciding with August 28, 2012, Lexmark announced that it would discontinue its inkjet printer production line. [10] [11].


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

Accordingly, Lexmark will close its inkjet printer needs supply production facility in the Philippines by the end of 2015.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

Lexmark will continue to provide service supply, support and after-sales service for its installed inkjet printer base [12].


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

Legal case A victory in court in 2005 was obtained by the Lexmark company in ACRA's corporate case against Lexmark.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

The case stated that Lexmark could use “Only worn once”, a policy written on the side of the box of Lexmark printer cartridges sold to certain large customers at a discount, with the sense that the customer would re-purchase the cartridge to Lexmark after consumables.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

This means that customers can face lawsuits if they violate the agreement, and do not repurchase the cartridge (using 3rd party cartridges).


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

But also in 2005, the Lexmark company suffered a legal defeat in Lexmark's case against the company Static Control Components, when the U.S. Supreme Court rejected a petition from the Lexmark company, so it rejected their efforts to have the Court hear the case.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

In this case, the defendant was a microchip manufacturer that allowed ink and toner from third parties to work on printers, including the company's production printer Lexmark.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

In these printers there is a feature that will require authentication from the microchip for the cartridge ink/toner to work, it is designed to prevent users from refilling the cartridge.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

But on the latest firmware update for Lexmark printers allowed the Lexmark company to prevent users from refilling ink cartridges or using ink cartridges from third parties.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

See also Lexmark Product List Reference Outlink Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

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Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

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Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

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Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark


Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

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Question: Is Lexmark International, Inc.'s first product?

Lexmark

Category:United States Companies Category:Companies established in 1991 Category:Information technology companies United States


Question: What was Guglielmo I's last education?

Guglielmo Marconi

Guglielmo Marconi () is an Italian electrical engineer and Nobel prize laureate, best known for developing a cordless telegraphy system known as “radio”.


Question: What was Guglielmo I's last education?

Guglielmo Marconi

He received it with Karl Braun in 1909.


Question: What was Guglielmo I's last education?

Guglielmo Marconi

Background Guglielmo Marconi was born in Bologna, Italy on April 25, 1874, the second son of Giuseppe Marconi, a wealthy Italian gentleman and Irish-blooded Annie Jameson.


Question: What was Guglielmo I's last education?

Guglielmo Marconi

He completed his education in Livorno.


Question: What was Guglielmo I's last education?

Guglielmo Marconi

Guglielmo Marconi was married to Maria Cristina Bezzi-Scali on 15 June 1927 and had a daughter named Maria Elettra Elena Anna Marconi.


Question: What was Guglielmo I's last education?

Guglielmo Marconi

Marconi died on July 20, 1937 in Rome, Italy. ok Life Journey Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937) Born in 1874 in Bologna, Italy.


Question: What was Guglielmo I's last education?

Guglielmo Marconi

The inventor of this radio can private education from a teacher.


Question: What was Guglielmo I's last education?

Guglielmo Marconi

In 1894 when he was twenty, Marconi read the experiments conducted by Heinrich Hertz a few years earlier.


Question: What was Guglielmo I's last education?

Guglielmo Marconi

These experiments clearly demonstrated the presence of electromagnetic waves invisible to the eye, moving through the air at the speed of sound.


Question: What was Guglielmo I's last education?

Guglielmo Marconi

Marconi was then stirred with the idea that this wave could be used to send signs across long distances without passing through the wire which provides many possibilities for the development of communication that cannot be reached by telegrams.


Question: What was Guglielmo I's last education?

Guglielmo Marconi

For example, in this way the news can be sent to a ship in the middle of the sea.


Question: What was Guglielmo I's last education?

Guglielmo Marconi

In 1895, only a year of hard work, Marconi managed to manufacture the necessary equipment.


Question: What was Guglielmo I's last education?

Guglielmo Marconi

In 1896 he demonstrated the tools of his invention in England and obtained his first patent for the invention.


Question: What was Guglielmo I's last education?

Guglielmo Marconi

Marconi rushed to set up the company and the first “Marconi” was delivered 1898.


Question: What was Guglielmo I's last education?

Guglielmo Marconi

The next year he was able to send news without passing through the wire across the English Channel.