Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

In Indian traditions such as Buddhism and Hinduism, acts of caution are commonly denounced. [56]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Nonetheless, Indian myths also tell about a large number of gods and demons who underwent heavy brata for decades or for centuries in order to obtain special proofs. [59]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

JMPL Buddhism | The Buddha as a petarak.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Gandhara, 2nd to 3rd century A.D. British Museum.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

In history, Sidharta Gautama once adopted an extreme ascetic way of life in order to gain enlightenment. [60]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

However, after attaining enlightenment, as the Buddha, he rejected extreme asceticism. [61]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

According to Hajime Nakamura and other experts, some of the prime scripts of Buddhism imply that asceticism was part of Buddhism's practice in the early days of existence, and being careful is an option available to a Buddhist monk in sports His spirituality. [61] [62] Moreover, in terms of practice, records from around the beginning of the date of AD until the 19th century AD imply that asceticism has become part of Buddhism, both in the Theravada madhab and the Mahayana madhab.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Theravada written evidences imply that the laku-tirakat had been part of the Buddhist tradition in Sri Lanka in the 3rd century BCE, and this tradition was continuous during the Middle Ages side by side with the abiding tradition of the langgam sangha. [63]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

In the Theravada madhab in Thailand, Medieval manuscripts contain a story about petarak biku-biku who wandered and lived single-handedly in a forest or crematorium, running heavy tapa-brata, and later known as Thudong. [64] [65] The aunts of petarak long ago until It can still be found in Myanmar, and as in Thailand, they are known to pursue their own version of Buddhism, and are reluctant to implement a hierarchical sangha order. [66]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Mahayana In the Mahayana madhab, esoteric and mystical asceticism has become a grateful practice, as in the Tendai and Shingon madhab in Japan. [63]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

These Japanese tyrakat include silih, economical, sacred under the waterfall, These Japanese practices included penanceand self-purification ceremonies. [63]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Japanese records from the 12th century contain tales of biku-biku exercising heavy asceticism, while records from the 19th century imply that Nichiren's aunts woke up every day at midnight or at 2:00am, and performed purifying ceremonies self with water under the cold outpouring of waterfall. [63]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Other practices include the act of limiting oneself to eating only leaves, rosin, and seeds of Tusam in order to pumify oneself alive, or Sokushinbutsu (miira) in Japan. [67] [68] [69] In Buddhism in China, self-mummification is rarely encountered but recorded in the books of Ch'an madhab (Zen) Buddhism there. [70]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The asceticism of the much more ancient Chinese Buddhism also knows the laku-tirakat somewhat similar to Sokushinbutsu, such as the public act of self-sacrifice (self-cremation, shaoshen or zifen) [71] with the intention of stripping the mortal raga. [note 1] The first documented history of biku petarak is Biku Fayu's () life history in AD 396, followed by more than fifty other documentation, including historical documentation of Biku Daodu (道). [74] [75] The act of self-sacrifice is considered evidence that the one concerned is a bodhiwildlife, and may have been inspired by Jataka narrations that tell about the Buddha sacrificing himself in his past lives to help other living beings, [76] or by the teachings of Bhaiṣajyaguruvaiḍūryaprabhārāja in the Seroja Sutra. [77]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Historical records imply that the practices of self-sacrifice were also carried out by Chinese monks. [78]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The tirakat of Chinese Buddhism, according to James Benn, is not the result of adaptation or import from Indian Buddhists, but rather derives from the ideas of Chinese Buddhists themselves, based on the unique Chinese Buddhist interpretation of Saddharmapuṇḍarīka or Sūtra Seroja. [79]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

These Chinese tyrakat may have been adopted from pre-Buddhist Chinese peoples, [80] [81] or from Taoist religion. [78]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

It is unclear whether the act of self-sacrifice is limited only to the Chinese tradition of asceticism, and there is no compelling evidence that self-sacrifice is part of a large-scale comprehensive ascetic program among Chinese Buddhists. [73]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Hinduism Resigning from earthly life and living a spiritual life in a monastic community or single-handedly, has been a tradition in the history of Hinduism since antiquity.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The tradition of resigning from earthly life is called Sangnyasa which is not the same as asceticism — which usually contains the meaning of self-denial and heavy deadliness.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Sangnyasa often encompasses the act of unpretentious living with little or no personal possessions at all, learning, ordering, and virtuous of sublime pekerti.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

People who lead this kind of lifestyle are called Sangnyasi, Sadhu, Yati, [82] Bhiksu, Prawrajitā, [83] and Pariwrajaka in Hindu texts. [84]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

A term with a meaning that is close to asceticism in Hindu texts is Tapa, but this term covers a spectrum of meanings ranging from body heat, being careful and dogged with high solemnity, to semadi and disciplining. [54] [85] [86] Female Asceticism Verily Vedic literature contains irrefutable evidence, both concerning the existence of celibate student women and about the existence of women who deserted from the crowds of the world in ancient India.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

—Lynn Denton, Female Ascetics in Hinduism [87] Practices similar to asceticism are mentioned in the Vedic kiduns, but these kidneys have often been interpreted as referring to Yogis and people who withdrew from the crowds of the world to live alone.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

One such mention is contained in the Keśin kidung of the Rigveda, which contains depictions of the Keśin (“long-haired”) and Muni (“silencers”). [88] [89] The Kesins who lived in this Vedic era were described by Karel Werner as follows: [90] Keśin did not undergo a reasonable life like the rest of the people.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

His hair and beard were allowed to grow longer, he was more pensive, brooding and dwelling for a long time, and therefore he was called “resi” (muni).


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The Keśins were dressed in garments of yellow cloth fluttering in the wind, or perhaps once bare-knuckled, covered only in the yellow dust of Indian soil.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

But their personalities were not bound to the earth, because they traced the mysterious path of wind when the gods possessed them.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

He was a man who was immersed in reverie: he was a nun far away there. —Karel Werner (1977), “Yoga and the Đồng Veda: An Interpretation of the Keśin Hymn" [90] The Vedic and Upanisad manuscripts in Hinduism, according to Mariasusai Dhavamony, do not discuss acts of self-harm, but do discuss restraint and self-control. [91 ]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The spiritual tradition of Hinduism is proven to have been present in the first millennium BC, especially in the Adwaita Wedanta madhab, evidenced by the oldest Upanisad Sangnyasa books, which all view Adwaita Wedanta. [92]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Most of the Sangnyasa Upanisad books contain Yoga and the philosophy of nondualism (Adwaita) Wedanta. [93] [94] Satyayaniya Upanisad from the 12th century is a notable exception, its own dualism-philosophy and Waisnawa (Wisistadwaita Wedanta). [94] [95] These manuscripts contain a dissemination on a unpretentious lifestyle and virtuous pekerti sublime, but it does not allude to self-torture or desperation.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

For example, these are the pledges that a Sangnyasi must keep — Abstinence harms living beings, being honest, abstinence from taking other people's things, abstinence from copulating, and generous (generous, meek) are the main pledges.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

There are also five additional pledges: abstinence from anger, obedience to teachers, avoiding rash behavior, maintaining hygiene, and maintaining the purity of food.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

He must ask for food without excusing the hearts of others, some of the food he obtains must be shared compassionately with other living beings, the rest is water-washed and he must eat like medicine. —Baudhayana Dharmasūtra, II.10.18.1-10 [96] According to Patrick Olivelle, the same thing is also contained in the Nirvana Upanisad which asserts that Hindu plotters should be opinionated that “space is his belief, disgrace is his knowledge, uprightness is his maiden, mere compassion is his favorite, happiness is his flower necklace, the silent cave is his comrade”, and so on, while continuing his efforts to achieve self-introduction (or soul recognition) and its connection to the Hindu metaphysical concept of Brahman. [97]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Other characteristics of Sangnyasi behavior include: ahimsa (anti-violence), akroda (not angry even if people are evil), [98] unarmed, unbodied, unmarried, awyati (undesirably), observe (poor living), curb self, honest, sarwabutahita (being good to all beings), asteya (not stealing), aparigraha (not greedy), and sauca (preserving the purity of body, word speech, and mind). [99] [100] The 11th century manuscript, Yatidharmasamuccaya is a Waisnawa manuscript that summarizes all kinds of Waisnawa madhab in Hinduism. [101]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

In Hinduism, as in other Indian religions, both men and women have involved themselves in a variety of tyrakat throughout history. [8]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The Jaina religion of Asceticism in one of its most severe forms is contained in one of the oldest religions in the world, the Jaina religion.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Laku-tirakat in Jaina religion also includes nudity that symbolizes the absence of possessions and even clothing, fasting, dead-raga, doku-sila, and other heavy does-tirakat, aimed at removing past karma and stop creating new karma.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Either removing past karma or stopping creating new karma is considered important for the sake of achieving sidha and moksa (escape from birth tumimbal, salvation). [102] [103] [104] In Jaina religion, the primarily purpose of life is to achieve the escape of the soul from the circle of endless born tumimbal (moksa of sangsara), which entails sublime pekerti budi and asceticism.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Most of the abstinence and laku-tirakat can be traced back to its source to Wardaman Mahawira, “The Wader” or 24th Tirtangkara who underwent 12 years before reaching enlightenment. [105] [106] Jaina manuscripts such as Tatwarta Sutra and Utaradyayana Sutra discuss in length and detail about the handfulness of the action.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

There are six external and six internal tirakats that are most commonly performed, and are often repeated in later Jaina texts. [107]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

According to John Cort, external tyrakat includes fasting eating and drinking, eating limited amounts, eating only certain foods, abstaining from delicacies, being careful, and controlling the body (avoiding everything that can be a source of temptation). [108]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

Internal Tirakat includes carrying out doings, acknowledging mistakes, respecting and helping beggars, learning, blessing and ignoring bodily desires with the purpose of abandoning the body. [108]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The Jaina manuscript, Kalpasutra, in detail describes the asceticism of Mahawira, a figure whose life history is the source of guidance for most of the Jaina religion: [109] The Noble ascetic Mahawira clothed for a year and a month; after that he ventured naked round, and received alms as his hand.


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

For twelve more years the Noble ascetic Mahawira neglected his body and left it uncared; calmly endured, through, and suffered all kinds of happy and difficult events brought about by the power of gods, men, and animals. —Kalpa Sutra 117 Both Mahawira and his previous followers are depicted in Jaina religious texts as doing desperately and being ill-treated by animals and men, but never retaliating nor harming (ahimsa) other creatures. [110]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

With such tirakat, he burned down his ancient Karma, gained spiritual knowledge, and became a Jina. [110]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

These heavy brata are part of the path of living in the Jaina religion. [111]


Question: Who recognizes the term Monasticism?

Asceticism

The act of cautiousness is called kaya klesa in the Jaina religion, and is listed in verse 9.19 of the Tatwarta Sutra by Umaswati, the oldest remaining and highly venerated manuscript of Jaina philosophy. [112] [113] Category:Religious terms


Question: When is Nagasi in the Bomb?

Nagasaki

Nagasaki listen (長; -shi) is the capital and largest city in Nagasaki Prefecture located on the coast of southwestern Kyūshū, Japan.


Question: When is Nagasi in the Bomb?

Nagasaki

Its geographical location is.


Question: When is Nagasi in the Bomb?

Nagasaki

Nagasaki was a center of European influence in Japan in medieval times.


Question: When is Nagasi in the Bomb?

Nagasaki

Nagasaki City is a port city in Japan is a city that was not isolated at the time Japan implemented political Isolation (sakkoku).


Question: When is Nagasi in the Bomb?

Nagasaki

European influence is also very noticeable with the rapid development of Christianity in Nagasaki city at the time and the many historical relics in the form of Church buildings that are still preserved today and used as a tourist attraction.


Question: When is Nagasi in the Bomb?

Nagasaki

The city of Nagasaki was also the second city where an atomic bomb was dropped by the United States in World War II.


Question: When is Nagasi in the Bomb?

Nagasaki

In the city was also built Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum (Nagasaki Genbaku Shiryoukan) as a commemorative symbol for the Japanese nation and all visitors to the danger and suffering caused by the atomic bomb detonated in the city.


Question: When is Nagasi in the Bomb?

Nagasaki

Nagasaki is located at the end of a long bay that forms the best natural harbor on the southern Japanese island of Kyushu.


Question: When is Nagasi in the Bomb?

Nagasaki

The main trading area and residential area in the town is located on a small plain near the end of the bay.


Question: When is Nagasi in the Bomb?

Nagasaki

Two rivers bisected by a mountain form the two main valleys in which the town is situated.


Question: When is Nagasi in the Bomb?

Nagasaki

The downtown area is bounded by a “terrain” of no more than 4 square miles out of a total of about 35 square miles of the city as a whole.


Question: When is Nagasi in the Bomb?

Nagasaki

As of 2003, the town had a population of 418,901 inhabitants and a population density of 1,736.74 persons per km².


Question: When is Nagasi in the Bomb?

Nagasaki

The total area is 406.35km and the area of the city itself amounts to 241.20 km2 ².


Question: When is Nagasi in the Bomb?

Nagasaki

Saint Paul twin cities, Minnesota, United States (1955) (Japan's oldest twin cities) Santos, Brazil (1972) Porto, Portugal (1978) Middelburg, Netherlands (1978) Fuzhou, China (1980) Vaux-sur-Aure, France (2005) See also Gunkanjima Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Outlinks (in English) (in English) Category:Cities in Japan


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Minamoto () is a surname in Japan.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

In the context of Japanese history, the Minamoto clan (, Genji, Minamoto Uji) is a designation for members of the emperor's family in Heian times who were not entitled to the throne.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

They became ordinary citizens and got the surname Minamoto no Ason (Ason is a title in the Yakusa no Kabane system).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Genji is another designation for the Minamoto clan, as the kanji script for “Minamoto” is also read as Gen, while ji (shi) means clan.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Among the most notable lineages of the Minamoto clan is Seiwa Genji who founded the Kamakura shogunate.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

History The origin of the Aksara kanji for the surname Minamoto is taken from the surname Yuan (hanzi:) which Emperor Taiwu gave the origin of the Bei Wei state in China to Tufa Poqiang (Yuan He).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The surname is written with the hanzi script meaning “source” or “origin” to symbolize the Tufa clan and the imperial family descended from the same ancestor.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Emperor Saga who was an expert on Chinese history gave surnames to his descendants who became ordinary citizens with the same kanji script as the Yuan surname in China, but read in Japan as “Minamoto” or “Gen”.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The giving of the Minamoto family name was intended as a tribute to the Minamoto clan which had a common ancestral origin as the imperial family.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

After the time of Emperor Saga, the surname Minamoto was also given to the descendants of later emperors who became ordinary citizens.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The Minamoto clan was later augmented by names of emperors being descended from, for example: Nimmyo Genji (a descendant Minamoto clan of Emperor Nimmyō), Seiwa Genji, Montoku Genji, Uda Genji, and so on.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

As samurai and kuge the Minamoto clan consists of 21 branching clans that can be divided in outline into two groups: the Minamoto clan who became samurai and the Minamoto clan who became kuge (palace aristocrats).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The Seiwa Genji known as samurai clan were descended from the descendants of Emperor Seiwa.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The clan originated in the Kinai region and spread throughout the provinces of Japan.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The descendants of Minamoto no Mitsunaka split in three, becoming the Settsu Genji (a Minamoto clan of Settsu origin), Yamato Genji, and Kawachi Genji who settled in Kawachi.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Kawachi Genji is a Minamoto clan famous as a samurai clan.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Minamoto no Yoshiie (Hachiman Tarō Yoshiie) was the main line of Kawachi Genji lineage, and his descendant named Minamoto no Yoritomo founded the Kamakura shogunate.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The designation for the Seiwa Genji clan and its branching into samurai is Buke Genji (Minamoto samurai clan).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Although Settsu Genji continued to survive, some members of Settsu Genji formed a clan called Tada Genji and some formed Mino Genji.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Similarly, Kawachi Genji, some of whose members form Ishikawa Genji, Kai Genji, Hitachi Genji, Shimotsuke Genji (Ashikaga clan), and Kōzuke Genji (Nitta clan).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

In addition to the Seiwa Genji, another Minamoto clan who became samurai was the Saga Genji included the lineage of Minamoto no Tōru (the 12th son of Emperor Saga).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The descendants of Saga Genji who became samurai were the Watanabe clan who settled in Settsu Province, while the descendants of Emperor Uda who became samurai as Ōmi Genji (Sasaki Genji) clan.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The Minamoto clan who was successful as aristocrats (kuge) was Murakami Genji who was descended from the descendants of Emperor Murakami's sons.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The first-generation Minamoto clan (sons of emperors who became ordinary citizens) got a lot of ease of being court officials, while the second generation (grandsons of emperors who became ordinary citizens) no longer got the ease like the first generation.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

After the Heian period, the descendants of emperors who were not entitled to the throne were many monks and monks.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The Minamoto clan name was almost not used again until the Edo period, and the Minamoto clan (Genji) changed to the Minamoto family name.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

This branch of the Minamoto Saga Genji clan is a descendant of Emperor Saga (52nd emperor).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The first generation Minamoto clan occupied high office as aristocrats, its figures consisting of Minamoto no Makoto, Minamoto no Tokiwa, Minamoto no Hiromu, and Minamoto no Tōru (grandson of Emperor Saga).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Murasaki Shikibu used Minamoto no Tōru as a model for the Hikaru Genji figure who became the lead role in Hikayat Genji.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

After the first and second generations briefly became palace officials, the third-generation Minamoto clan almost no longer became aristocratic.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

A handful of these became middle-class or lower-class nobles, and settled in those areas after receiving land rights.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

His descendants later switched professions as samurai.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The Nimmyō Genji Clan is a descendant of Emperor Nimmyō (54th emperor).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Minamoto no Atsushi was a famous character of Nimmyō Genji origin who became the adoptive father of Minamoto no Tsuna (Watanabe no Tsuna), as well as the father of Minamoto no Mitsunaka's wife.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The Seiwa Genji Clan is a descendant of Emperor Seiwa (56th emperor).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Seiwa Genji is famous thanks to the descendants of Minamoto no Tsunemoto (son of Emperor Seiwa's 6th prince named Prince Sadazumi).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The son of Tsunemoto's heir named Minamoto no Mitsunaka settled in Tada, Settsu Province (now Kawanishi city, Hyogo Prefecture) and founded the samurai group of the Minamoto clan.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The eldest son and heir of Minamoto no Mitsunaka named Minamoto no Yorimitsu founded Settsu Genji.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Meanwhile, a second son named Minamoto no Yorichika founded the Yamato Genji clan in Nara.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The third son named Minamoto no Yorinobu founded Kawachi Genji in Kinai Domain (present-day Habikino city, Osaka Prefecture).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

In later life, Minamoto no Yorinobu managed to quell a Taira no Tadatsune-led rebellion.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Yorinobu's sons and grandsons named Minamoto no Yoriyoshi and Minamoto no Yorishiie participated in the Zenkunen War and Gosannen War.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Thanks to the services of the three figures who came from Kawachi Genji, the Kawachi Genji clan was made the main lineage of the Minamoto clan.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

According to the genealogy of the Minamoto clan, the main lineage of the Minamoto clan was originally Settsu Genji, while the Kawachi Genji was the leader among samurai.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Circumstances changed after Minamoto no Yorimasa who became the main lineage of Settsu Genji was killed in battle against the Taira clan in the Battle of Uji River.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The leadership of the Minamoto clan passed to the Minamoto no Yoritomo-led Kawachi Genji clan, and this clan switched roles to become the main lineage of the Minamoto clan.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

After the Yoritomo family was depleted, the main lineage of the Minamoto clan passed to the descendants of Minamoto no Yoshikuni (4th son of Minamoto no Yoshiie) who founded the Muromachi shogunate.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The Kawachi Genji descendants of the Minamoto no Yoshikuni lineage form clans such as: Nitta clan, Yamana clan (branching Nitta clan), Satomi clan (branching Nitta clan), Tokugawa clan, Ashikaga clan (Shimotsuke Genji), and Imagawa clan, Hosokawa clan, as well as Kira clan of all three constitutes a branching of the Ashikaga clan.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

From the descendants of Yoshiie's younger brother named Minamoto no Yoshimitsu formed clans such as Takeda clan (Kai Genji), Nambu clan (branching Takeda clan), Ogasahara clan (branching Takeda clan), Satake clan (Hitachi Genji), and Miyoshi clan who are all descendants of Kawachi Genji.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Tada Yukitsuna from the Tada clan is a samurai descendant of Settsu Genji who was famous in the wars between the Taira clan and the Minamoto clan.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Meanwhile, the descendants of Minamoto no Yorimasa formed the Ōta clan, the Nose clan (of Settsu origin, Murakami clan (Shinano origin), Toki clan (Mino origin).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The Toki clan later split into the Akechi clan, and the Baba clan of Kai origin.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The Yōzei Genji Clan is either a descendant of Emperor Yōzei (57th emperor) or possibly a descendant of Minamoto no Mitsunaka of Seiwa Genji origin.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The Uda Genji Clan is descendant of Emperor Uda (59th emperor).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Minamoto no Masanobu became the father-in-law of Fujiwara no Michinaga.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Descendants from Fujiwara no Michinaga became a prominent Five Dōjōke family consisting of: the Niwata, Ayanokōji, Ōhara, Itsutsuji, and Jikōji families.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The descendants of Uda Genji in Ōmi Province became samurai and called himself the Sasaki, Ōmi Genji, or Sasaki Genji clan.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The Daigo Genji Clan is descendant of Emperor Daigo (60th emperor).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Emperor Daigo's 10th prince named Minamoto no Takaakira served Sadaijin, but eventually received a sentence of exile for being at loggerheads with the Fujiwara clan.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Minamoto no Takaakira was steeped in the field of palace protocol (Yūsokukojitsu), and wrote a book called Seikyūki (Saikyūki).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Since Heian times, this book served as a model of official protocol within the imperial court.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The follower of Oda Nobunaga named Kawajiri Hidetaka was a descendant of Minamoto no Takaakira.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Murakami Genji Clan is descendant of Emperor Murakami (62nd emperor).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

His highest standing within the Minamoto clan thus called the Genji Chōja family.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Prince Tomohira's daughter named Minamoto no Takahime became the wife of Fujiwara no Yorimichi.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

After Prince Tomohira closed age, his son named Minamoto no Morofusa was made the adopted son of Fujiwara no Yorimichi (his brother-in-law).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Subsequently, Minamoto Morofusa was married to one of the daughters of Fujiwara no Michinaga (father of Fujiwara no Yorimichi).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Kazan Genji Clan is descendant of Emperor Kazan (65th emperor).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

From this clan was notable Shirakawa Hakuō family who became Dōjōke, officials of the Ministry of Shinto (Jingi-kan), as well as Shinto priests.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The Go-shirakawa Genji Clan is descendant of Prince Mochihito or Prince Takakura (the second son of the 77th emperor, Emperor Go-Shirakawa).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Prince Mochihito has another younger brother mother.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

This younger brother was named Emperor Takakura and was born to a mother who came from the Taira clan.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Prince Mochihito became not entitled to the throne even though he was crown prince because the government was controlled by Taira no Kiyomori.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Resistance against the Taira clan was waged by Prince Mochihito with the help of Minamoto no Yorimasa, but ended with the death of Prince Mochihito.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Taira no Kiyomori felt guilty and covered up this incident by giving the Minamoto clan name to Prince Mochihito.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Afterwards, Prince Mochihito who was renamed as Minamoto no Mochimitsu was preached to be serving a banishment sentence.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Go-saga Genji Clan is descendant of Prince Koreyasu who was the grandson of Emperor Go-Saga (88th emperor).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Emperor Go-Saga's second prince named Prince Munetaka became the 6th shogun in the Kamakura shogunate.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The son of Prince Munetaka who was named Prince Koreyasu got the clan name Minamoto, and became Minamoto no Koreyasu who was appointed as the 7th shogun.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

After the next shogunate candidate was elected, Minamoto no Koreyasu was expelled from the Kamakura shogunate.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

He returned to the palace to return to life as a prince, while marking the end of Genji's Go-Saga clan which lasted only one generation.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Ōgimachi Genji Clan is descendant of Emperor Ōgimachi (106th emperor).


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The Hirohata family of Ōgimachi Genji famously worked as Dōjōke.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

The dōjōke Genji of the Minamoto clan who were allowed to work in the emperor's residence palace were called Dōjō Genji, and all consisted of 18 families.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Origin of Murakami Genji (10 families): Koga, Nakanoin, Rokujō, Iwakura, Chigusa, Kuze, Higashikuze, Umedani, Otagi, Uematsu.


Question: What are the other mentions for the Minamoto clan?

Minamoto clan

Origin Murakami Uda (5 families): Niwata, Ayanokōji, Itsutsuji, Ōhara, Jikōji Origin Kazan Genji (1 family): Shirakawa Hakuō Origin Ogimachi Genji (1 family): Hirohata Origin Seiwa Genji (1 family): Takeuchi Library list Katsumi Kuroita (), Kokushi taikei henshū-kai (国大), ed. Shintei zōho kokushi taikei: sompi bunmyaku dai ippen (新国大・第1), Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, ISBN 4-642-00362-2 Katsumi Kuroita, Kokushi taikei henshū-kai, ed. Shintei zōho kokushi taikei: sompi bunmyaku dai nihen, Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, ISBN 4-642-00363-0 Katsumi Kuroita, Kokushi taikei henshū-kai, ed. Shintei zōho kokushi taikei: sompi bunmyaku dai sanhen, Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, ISBN 4-642-00364-9 Katsumi Kuroita, Kokushi taikei henshū-kai, ed. Shintei zōho kokushi taikei: sompi bunmyaku dai yonhen, Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, ISBN 4-642-00364-9 Katsumi Kuroita, Shintei zōho kokushi taikei: kugyōbunin dai ippen (新), Yoshikawa Kōbunkan ISBN 4-642-00356-8 Katsumi Kuroita, Shintei zōho kokushi taikei: kugyōbunin dai nihen, Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, ISBN 4-642-00357-6 Katsumi Kuroita, Shintei zōho kokushi taikei: kugyōbunin dai sanhen, Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, ISBN 4-642-00358-4 Katsumi Kuroita, Shintei zōho kokushi taikei: kugyōbunin dai yonhen, Kōshikawa Kukan, ISBN 4-642-00359-2 Katsumi Kuroita, Shintei zōho kokushi taikei: kugyōbunin dai gohen, Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, ISBN 4-642-00359-2 Kokushi Daijiten Henshū Iinkai (国大), ed. Kokushi Daijiten dai jū( 国大), Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, ISBN 4-642-00513-7 Category:Clans in Japan


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Cream was a supergroup rock music group power trio in the 1960s composed of bassist/singer Jack Bruce, drummer Ginger Baker, and guitarist/singer Eric Clapton.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Their unique musical style is shaped by hybrid blues rock, hard rock and psychedelic rock, [1] incorporating psychedelia themes, Clapton's blues playing style, Bruce on vocals and chic bass playing, Baker's signature playing, drummer with condensed jazz influences and poetic lyrics from Pete Brown .


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The band's third album, Wheels of Fire (1968), received a platinum-selling double album. [2] [3] Widely the band is considered the first supergroup in the world to achieve success. [4] [5] [6] [7] In their career, they sold more than 15 million copies of their albums worldwide. [8]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Their music includes some of which some derive from such traditional blues songs such as “Crossroads” and “Spoonful”, and modern blues such as “Born Under a Bad Sign”, and also electric songs such as “Strange Brew”, “Tales of Brave Ulysses” and “Toad”.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The band's most popular songs were “I Feel Free” (UK, number 11), [3] “Sunshine of Your Love” (US, number 5), [9] “White Room” (US, number 6), [9] “Crossroads” (US, number 28 years), [9] and “Badge” (UK, number 18). [10]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The band made a significant impact on the popular music of its time, and, along with Jimi Hendrix and other influential guitarists and bands, popularized the use of wah-wah pedals.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

They played technically heavy-themed music that influenced the rise of British bands—such as Led Zeppelin, The Jeff Beck Group, Deep Purple and Black Sabbath at the end of 1960 and the beginning of the 1970s. The band's concerts also influenced progressive rock playing styles such as Rush. [11]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The band's name was listed in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993. [12]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

They were also included on Rolling Stone and VH1' list titled “The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time,” at numbers 67 and 61 respectively. [13] [14] They were also ranked number 16 on VH1's “100 Best Hard Rock Musicians”. [15]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Formed: 1966 In July 1966, Eric Clapton's career with The Yardbirds and John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers gave him the reputation of being Britain's most recognizable blues guitarist. [1]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

However, Clapton felt Mayall's environment of the band was limited, and later he sought to expand his playing style in a new band.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

In 1966, Clapton met Ginger Baker, who was the leader of the Graham Bond Organization, which at the time consisted of Jack Bruce on bass guitar, harmonica and piano.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Baker felt impervious at the Graham Bond Organization and felt weary of Graham Bond's dependence on narcotics and his mental instability.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

“I've always liked Ginger”, explained Clapton.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

“Ginger once came to see me play with the Bluesbreakers.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

After the show he drove me back to London in his Rover car.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

I was really impressed with his car and the way he was driving.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

He said that he wanted to start a band, and I was thinking about it as well. “[16]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Each of them was impressed by their playing ability, getting Baker to ask Clapton to join the band he had not named.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Clapton agreed immediately, on the condition that Baker invite Bruce as bassist; [3] according to Clapton, Baker was so surprised to hear it that he nearly got the car hit. [17]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Clapton had met Bruce when the bassist/vocalist had played with the Bluesbreakers a short time in November 1965; [3] [18] the two had also worked together as part of a band called Powerhouse (alongside Steve Winwood and Paul Jones).


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Impressed by Bruce's vocals and technical skills, Clapton wanted to work with him on one sustainable base.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Under other conditions, while Bruce was in the Graham Bond Organization band, he and Baker had been notorious for their disputes. [19]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The relationship is not good they make fights on stage and sabotage out of each other through instruments. [19]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

After Baker fired Bruce from the band, Bruce continued to come in gigs; until surprisingly, Bruce walked away from the band after Baker threatened him at knifepoint. [20]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Baker and Bruce eventually put aside their dispute in favor of Baker's new trio band, which he hoped for as a collaboration, with each of the members contributing to the music and lyrics.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Band was named “Cream”, because Clapton, Bruce, Baker were considered “cream of the crop” (meaning “best of the best”) among blues and jazz musicians in the course of british music.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Initially, the group named “The Cream”, but started officially along with the release of their first recordings, the trio became known as “Cream”. [21]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Before deciding on the name “Cream”, they named the band “Sweet 'n' Sour Rock 'n' Roll”. [2]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Among the three, Clapton has the highest reputation in the United Kingdom; however, he is unknown in the United States, having left The Yardbirds before the song “For Your Love” entered the American Top Ten. [1]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The band made its unofficial debut in Twisted Wheel on 29 July 1966. [3] [22] The official debut was then made two nights later at the sixth Windsor Jazz & Blues Festival. [3] [22] As newcomers and with some songs of their creation, they also reworked blues songs that electrified the audience and earned it rave reviews.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

In October the band also got the opportunity to play alongside Jimi Hendrix, who has recently arrived in London.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Hendrix was a fan of Clapton's music, and wanted to get a chance to play with him on stage. [3]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Early in the formation they decided Bruce fill the lead vocalist position.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

While at that time Clapton was shy of singing, [23] he occasionally filled in harmonizations with Bruce and, over time, he took on lead vocal roles on several Cream tracks such as “Four Until Late”, [24] “Strange Brew”, [25] “World of Pain”, [25] “Outside Woman Blues”, [25] “Anyone for Tennis”, [26 ] “Crossroads”, [26] and “Badge”. [27]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Fresh Cream: 1966 The band's debut album, Fresh Cream, was recorded and released in 1966.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The album reached number 6 in the UK charts and number 39 in the United States. [28]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

It is a balanced division between original creation songs and blues covers, such as “Four Until Late”, “Rollin' and Tumblin'”, “Spoonful”, “I'm So Glad" [7] and “Cat's Squirrel”.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The rest of the songs were written by Jack Bruce or Ginger Baker.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

(“I Feel Free”, UK hit, [3] was made only in the LP American Edition.)


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The song “Toad” contains one of his early examples of drum solos in Ginger Baker's expanded rock music from the composition “Camels and Elephants”, written in 1965 with the Graham Bond Organization.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

At the beginning of Cream's bootleg-recorded appearance shows the band's performance performing many songs.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

All songs namely short five-minute versions of “N.S.U.”, “Sweet Wine” and “Toad”.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

But just two months later, the setlist was shortened, with songs performed longer.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Disraeli Gears: 1967 The band first visited the United States in March 1967 to play on a 9 day schedule at Brooklyn's Fox Theater in New York.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

There was little impact, as a Murray impresarist who K made them perform after show six (?) -act bill is shown three times each show, ultimately reducing the band's one song per concert. [29]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

They returned to record Disraeli Gears in New York between May 11 and May 15, 1967. [30]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The band's second album was released in November of 1967 and reached the Top 5 in the Chart on both sides of the Atlantic. [31]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Produced by Felix Pappalardi (later a co-founder of a quartet that had influences from Cream, Mountain) and technician Tom Dowd, it was recorded at Atlantic Studios in New York.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Disraeli Gears is often regarded as proving their effort, successful in uniting psychedelic British rock with American blues.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Disraeli Gears contained not only the hits “Strange Brew” and “Tales of a Brave Ulysses”, but also “Sunshine of Your Love,” which later became his best known song. [7]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

An idea emerged from Bruce and Brown in an almost desperate state by the time it dissolved.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

In a last-ditch attempt to produce something after a long night and produce nothing in his apartment, Bruce with blurry eyes picked up double bass again and played a riff that later became one of the most popular riffs in rock music.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

At that point, Brown looked out the window and saw the sun getting set.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

“It's getting near dawn...,” he said to himself.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Brown put words on paper then thought again.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

“When lights close their tired eyes.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

And then be that “Sunshine of Your Love” was born in an unexpected way.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The album was originally slated for release in the summer of 1967, but records label chose to replace the cover that had been planned and repackage it with a new psychedelic cover, designed by artist Martin Sharp, and had its release delayed for several months.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The album was particularly remarkable at that time, with psychedelic designs designed over photos of the trio.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Although the album was considered Cream's best effort, the songs were never performed live.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Although they consistently played “Tales of a Brave Ulysses” and “Sunshine of Your Love”, several songs by Disraeli Gears were fielded at each performance by the middle of 1967, and chose to perform longer hours than short pop songs.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

“We're Going Wrong” was the only additional song from this album performed live.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Nonetheless, at they 2005 reunion gig in London, they performed three songs by Disraeli Gears: “Outside Woman Blues”, “We're Gone Wrong,” and “Sunshine of Your Love”; however, in their performance on three october of 2005 in New York, “Tales of a Brave Ulysses” also entered in setlists.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

In August 1967, they performed for their first major show in the US, playing inThe Fillmore in San Francisco and then at The Pinnacle in Los Angeles.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

This concert achieved success and made a great effect on the band itself as well as the hippies there.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

After realizing the audience was growing, the band performed several songs with a duration that increased up to twenty minutes.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Songs such as “Spoonful”, “N.S.U.”, “I'm So Glad”, and “Sweet Wine” became favorite live appearances, while songs such as “Sunshine of Your Love”, “Crossroads”, and “Tales of Brave Ulysses” became not particularly in demand.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Wheels of Fire: 1968 In 1968 the band's third album release, Wheels of Fire, which gained the highest marks in the American charts.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Still relatively new, the “double album” of two LP pieces is well adapted for additional solos.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Wheels of Fire's studio recording featured the band moving slightly away from blues and more towards semi-progressive rock with unusual beats and various orchestral instruments.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

However, the band also recorded “Sitting on Top of the World” from Howlin' Wolf and “Born Under a Bad Sign” from Albert King.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

According to the BBC in an interview with Clapton, the record company, which was also handling Albert King, asked the band to cover “Sitting on Top of the World”, which became a popular song on recording.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The opening song, “White Room”, became popular on radio.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Another song, “Politician”, was written by the band while waiting to perform live on the BBC. [16] The album's second disc contains three live recordings from the Winterland Ballroom and one from the Fillmore.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Clapton's second solo “Crossroads” has made it to the top 20 on several lists of “best guitar solo” lists. [32] [33] After the completion of Wheels of Fire in the middle of 1968, the band members felt that they were sufficient and wanted to go their respective paths.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Baker stated in an interview in 2006 with Music Mart magazine, “Eventually we got to one point where Eric said to me: 'I've had it with this, 'and I said so did I. I couldn't stand it.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The last year with Cream was just agony.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Damaged my hearing permanently, and to this day I still have hearing problems due to loud volumes all last year with Cream.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

But not even so.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The year 1966, was an extraordinary year.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

What a wonderful musical experience, which then becomes part of the stupidity.”


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Bruce and Baker's relationship became even worse as a result of non-stop touring, leaving Clapton in the role of peacekeeper between them.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Clapton also became interested in his former backing musical group Bob Dylan, now known as The Band, and their debut album, Music from Big Pink, [3] which became a fresh breeze for Clapton, versus the essence of psychedelia that Cream had.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

In addition, he had read scathing commentaries for Cream in Rolling Stone, the magazine of which he was in great interest, in which a reviewer, Jon Landau, called him “a master of the blues cliché. “[3]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

As a response to the article, Clapton wanted to end Cream and pursue music in different directions.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Early in their farewell tour on October 4, 1968, in Oakland, almost the entire set consisted of songs from Wheels of Fire: “White Room”, “Politician”, “Crossroads”, “Spoonful”, “Deserted Cities of the Heart”, and “Passing the Time” and also a solo drum session on the song “Toad”.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

“Passing The Time” and “Deserted Cities” were quickly removed from the setlist and replaced with “Sitting on Top of the World” and “Toad”.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Goodbye and dissolution: 1968—69 From the start of its formation, Cream was faced with several fundamental problems that then did not meet the end of settlement in November 1968.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The rivalry between Bruce and Baker created tension within the band.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Clapton also felt that the band members did not listen to each other.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Equipment over the years also improved; some of the latest Marshall amplifiers produced new power, and Jack Bruce pushed the olume level higher, making tension for Baker that became a difficulty rivaling such a loud sound.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Clapton once talked about a concert where he stopped playing but neither Baker nor Bruce noticed. [19]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Clapton also commented that Cream's performance became a concert with each of its members showing off abilities. [34]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Then Cream decided that they would disperse in May of 1968 while touring the U.S. [35]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Then, in July, the official announcement was made that the band would disband after a farewell tour in the United States and after playing two concerts in London.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Cream was eventually persuaded to do one last Album.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

It was this album, titled Goodbye, recorded late in 1968 and released early in 1969, after the band broke up.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The album contains six tracks: three live recordings from a concert at The Forum in Los Angeles, California, on October 19, and three new tracks of studio recordings (including “Badge”, written by Clapton and George Harrison, who also played rhythm guitar and was credited as “L'Angelo Misterioso”).


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

“I'm So Glad” is one of the Live recordings..


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Cream's “Farewell Tour” consisted of 22 concerts at 19 venues in the United States from 4 October to 4 November 1968, and two final concerts at the Royal Albert Hall on 25 and 26 November 1968.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The final US concert took place at Rhode Island Auditorium on November 4.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The band came late which led to a restriction, which was then only able to perform two songs, “Toad” and a 20+ minute version of “Spoonful”.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Two Concerts at the Royal Albert Hall were filmed for BBC documentation and released in video (and later DVD) form as the Farewell Concert.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Tickets were both sold out and more attention-grabbing than other Cream concerts, but many people regarded their performances as substandard.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Baker himself said regarding the concert: “It was not a good concert...


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Cream is better than that...


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

We knew it was all over.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

We just want to do it just like that, so that it dwarfs all this.”


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Bruce has three Marshall stacks on stage for his farewell show, but one he only uses as a backup, he only wears one or two, depending on the song. [35]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

In an interview from Cream: Classic Artist, he added that the band is getting worse every minute. [36]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Those concerts Cream also featured Taste (alongside Rory Gallagher) and the newly formed Yes, who received welcome reviews.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Three early appearances on Cream's farewell tour were opened by Deep Purple.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Deep Purple had initially agreed to open the entire US tour, but Cream's management removed them after three appearances, although relations between them were good. [37]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Post-Cream Blind Faith, a band that Clapton and Baker co-founded, formed after Cream's dispersal, and later recruited Steve Winwood in hopes that he would help eliminate Bruce and Baker's gap. [38]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Inspired by songs with a lot of singing, Clapton's performance became much different, with less improvisational material alongside Delaney And Bonnie, Derek and the Dominos, and in his long and varied career solos.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Bruce began to be varied and successful in soloing his career in 1969 launching Songs for a Tailor, as Baker formed a different jazz-fusion ensemble of Blind Faith named Ginger Baker's Air Force, comprising Winwood, Bilnd Faith bassist Rick Grech, Graham Bond on saxophone, and guitarist Denny Laine of the Moody Blues and (later to become) Wings.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

All three members of Cream remained further studying musical ideas and new cooperation, performing concerts and recording music for four decades after Cream disbanded.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Rock and Roll Hall of Fame reunion In 1993, Cream was listed in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and reunited to perform at its inauguration ceremony. [39]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Initially, the trio were not so sure to perform, until words of encouragement from Robby Robertson raised their spirits to try.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

They performed from “Sunshine of Your Love”, “Crossroads”, and “Born Under a Bad Sign”, songs they had never performed before live.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

It was Clapton who mentioned in his speech that their rehearsal the day before the ceremony had been the first time they had played together after 25 years. [3]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

He said It caused gossip about a reunion tour.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Bruce and Baker said in an interview that they were, of course, interested in touring as Cream.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The formal reunion did not take place immediately, as Clapton, Bruce and Baker continued to pursue their respective solo projects, Bruce and Baker teamed up again in the mid-1990s as two dar three personnel power trio BBM with Irish blues rock music guitarist Gary Moore. 2005 Royal Albert Hall and Madison Square Garden concert At Clapton's request, Cream reunited for a series of appearances, on 2, 3, 5, and 6 May 2005 at the Royal Albert Hall in London, where they last concerted in 1968. [40]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Despite the three musicians who chose not to speak publicly about this performance, Clapton later said that he had become more “generous” in relation to his past, and the physical health of Bruce and Baker was a major factor: [40] Bruce had recently performed a liver transplant for liver cancer, and had nearly lost his life, while Baker had severe arthritis.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

All Tickets for all four appearances sold out in less than an hour.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The performances were recorded in a live CD and DVD.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Among those attending were Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr, Steve Winwood, Roger Waters, Brian May, Jimmy Page, Mick Taylor, and Bill Wyman.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Reunion made its first appearance bringing the songs “Badge” and “Pressed Rat and Warthog” live. [40]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The reunion at the Royal Albert Hall achieved success both personally and financially, making them perform again in the US.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Cream chose to perform only at one venue, Madison Square Garden in New York City, from October 24—26, 2005. 2006—14 In February 2006, Cream received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement in contributions, and their influence in modern music. [41] [42] In the same month, the DVD “Classic Album” was launched which tells behind the creation and recording of Disraeli Gears.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

On the day before the Grammy show, Bruce made a public statement that there was one more only appearance from Cream had been planned: in a few days in several cities, similar to performances at the Royal Albert Hall and Madison Square Garden.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

However, this story is refuted by both Clapton and Baker, first by Clapton in a Times article in April 2006.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

The article states that when asked about Cream, Clapton said: “No.Not for me.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

We did and it was fun.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

But life is too short.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

I've got a lot of other things I'd rather do, including staying home with my kids.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Everything about that band was something to do with limits... it was an experiment.”


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

In an interview in UK magazine Music Mart, about his release of a DVD about Blind Faith's 1969 concert in Hyde Park, Baker commented on his disinterest in doing a Cream reunion.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

His comments were far more specific and explosive than Clapton's, because of his relationship with Jack Bruce.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Ginger said, “When he becomes Dr. Jekyll, he'll be fine...


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

When he became Mr.Hyde who was not him, and I suspect he remained the same as he was...


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

I say — there will never be another appearance of Cream, because he became Mr. Hyde in New York last year. “[43]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

When asked to explain again, Baker said: “Oh, he shouted at me on the stage, he raised his bass sound very loud which made me deaf at the first performance.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

All it did was apologize and apologize, but I doubt it, doing it again at the reunion appearance, it was the end.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

He killed the magic, and New York became like 1968...


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

All just complete the appearance, earn money, as short as that.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

I am very amazed.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

I mean, he demonstrated how he was fired from Graham Bond and why Cream didn't last long on the New York stage.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

I don't want to act as the first person as Jack did.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

I had worked with him in some time after Cream, and I promised myself I would never work alongside him again.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

When Eric came up with his idea the first time, I said no, and then he contacted me and persuaded me to do it.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

That time was my best deed and I did everything I could to make the surf appearance possible, and I was very friendly to Jack. “[43]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Baker and Bruce were united on stage in London when Baker was awarded the lifetime achievement award from Zildjian.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Bruce told Detroit radio station WCSX in May of 2007 that there were plans for a Cream reunion later in the year.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

It was later revealed the possibility his performance would occur November 2007 in London as a tribute to Iniahmet Ertegün.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

This musical group denied it and was described by Bruce himself in a letter to the editor of the Jack Bruce fanzine, The Cuicoland Express, dated 26 September 2007:Dear Marc, We were going to do this tribute concert for Ahmet when it was to be at the Royal Albert Hall but decided to pass when it was moved to the O2 Arena and seemed to be becoming overly commercial.Later appearances on the O2 Arena Ertegun tribute show (postponed to December 2007) became filled by another British music group, Led Zeppelin.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

In a BBC 6 Music interview in April 2010, Bruce said that there would be no more Cream appearances.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

He said: “Cream is over. [44]


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

On 25 October 2014, Bruce died after suffering from liver disease in Suffolk, England at the age of 71.


Question: When was Ginger Baker born?

Cream (musical group)

Discography of Fresh Cream (1966) Disraeli Gears (1967) Wheels of Fire (1968) Goodbye (1969) Outlinks Official website Official website Cream official website interviewed in Pop Neji (1970) i Category:Music groups founded in 1966 Category:English music groups


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Coordinates: Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ:) is a United States multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, United States that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a diverse range of computer-related products and services.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The company was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft is the world's largest software maker by revenue. [3]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft is also one of the most valued companies in the world. [4]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft was founded to develop and sell BASIC translators for the Altair 8800.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The company managed to dominate the personal computer operating system market with its MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Microsoft Windows operating system line.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft's 1986 initial public offering, and the sharp rise in its stock price, created three billionaires and 12,000 millionaires among Microsoft employees.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Since the 1990s, the company has increasingly diversified from the operating systems market and has made a number of corporate acquisitions.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

In May 2011, Microsoft purchased Skype Technologies for $8.5 billion and became the most expensive acquisition in Microsoft's history. [5]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

In 2012, Microsoft is the dominator of the PC operating system market and the office software market (alongside Microsoft Office).


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The company also produces a suite of software for desktops and servers, and is active in a number of areas such as Internet search (Bing), the video game industry (Xbox and Xbox 360 consoles), the digital services market (MSN), and mobile phones (Windows Phone OS).


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

In June 2012, Microsoft announced that it would enter the PC vendor market for the first time through the launch of the Microsoft Surface tablet computer.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

In the 1990s, critics began to allege that Microsoft ran monopolistic business practices and anti-competition strategies, including denial of consent and binding, making unreasonable restrictions in Mas rady's use of its software, and conducting marketing tactics that is not representative; both the U.S. Department of Justice and the European Commission declared this company in violation of antitrust law.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

History Early history Paul Allen and Bill Gates, fellow childhood friends who loved computer programming, sought to make a successful business by exploiting their abilities.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics magazine featured an Altair 8800 microcomputer made by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS).


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Allen learned that they could program a BASIC interpreter for the tool; after getting a phone call from Gates claiming they had an interpreter, MITS immediately asked to be demonstrated.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Since at that time they did not have an interpreter, Allen created a simulator for Altair, while Gates developed the translator.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Although they developed the translator on a simulator, not the original tool, it operated very seamlessly when it was demonstrated to MITS in Albuquerque, New Mexico in March 1975; MITS agreed to distribute and market it under the name Altair BASIC. [6] :108, 112—114 They officially founded Microsoft April 4, 1975 and appointed Gates as CEO. [8]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Allen decried the name “Micro-Soft”, as said in.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

In August 1977, the company made an agreement with ASCII Magazine in Japan and led to the establishment of its first international office, “ASCII Microsoft”. [9]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The company moved to its new office in Bellevue, Washington in January 1979. [8]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft entered the SO (operating system) business in 1980 with its own version of Unix named Xenix. [10]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

However, it was precisely MS-DOS that strengthened the company's dominance.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

After negotiations with Digital Research failed, IBM agreed to a contract with Microsoft in November 1980 to provide a version of CP/M OS, to be worn in the upcoming IBM Personal Computer (IBM PC) lineup. [11]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

For this approval, Microsoft purchased a clone of CP/M named 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products, renaming it MS-DOS, which was replaced again by IBM to PC-DOS.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

After the August 1981 launch of IBM PC, Microsoft gained ownership of MS-DOS.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Since IBM registered the IBM PC BIOS copyrights, other companies have had to do backwards engineering in order for non-IBM hardware to operate as IBM PC compatible computers.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Due to various factors, such as the choice of available MS-DOS software, Microsoft instantly became the leading PC operating system vendor of its time. [7] [12] :210 The company expanded itself into new markets through the 1983 launch of Microsoft Mouse, as well as a publishing division named Microsoft Press. [6] :232 Paul Allen resigned from Microsoft in February after being declared stricken with Hodgkin's disease. [6] :231 1984—1994: Windows and Office While developing IBM's 1984 new SO, OS/2, Microsoft launched Microsoft Windows, a graphical extension for MS-DOS , November 20. [6] :242—243, 246 Microsoft moved its headquarters to Redmond on February 26, 1986, and on March 13, Microsoft became a general company; [13] a sharp rise in stock price succeeded in creating four billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from among Microsoft employees own. [14]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Due to its partnership with IBM, in 1990, the Federal Trade Commission oversaw Microsoft due to possible collusion; it signified the beginning of a decade of lawsuits from the United States Government. [15]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft announced the release of its OS/2 version to original equipment makers (OEMs) dated April 2, 1987; [6] :243—244 meanwhile, the company was working on a 32-bit SO, Microsoft Windows NT, using ideas from OS/2; this new SO was launched July 21, 1993 with a moduler kernel Win32's new application programming interface (API), making porting from 16-bit Windows (MS-DOS-based) easier.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

After Microsoft notified IBM about NT, the OS/2 partnership ended. [16]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft introduced its office software, Microsoft Office, in 1990.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The software consists of several office productivity applications, such as Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel. [6] :301 On May 22, Microsoft launched Windows 3.0 with new user interface graphics and state-of-the-art protected mode capabilities for Intel 386 processors. [17]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Both Office and Windows became dominating products in their respective fields. [18] [19] Novell, a competitor to Word in 1984—1986, filed lawsuits a few years later claiming that Microsoft left some of its APIs undocumented to gain a competing edge. [20 ]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Dated July 27, 1994, the U.S. Department of Justice, Antitrust Division issued a Competition Impact Statement stating that: “Starting in 1988, through July 15, 1994, Microsoft forced many OEMs to execute “per processor” licenses that were anti-competition.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Under a per-processor license, an OEM pays Microsoft a royalty for each computer it sells that contains a specific microprocessor, whether that OEM sells a computer with a Microsoft operating system or a non-Microsoft operating system.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

As a result, royalty payments to Microsoft when no Microsoft products are used play a penalty, or tax, against discharging rival PC operating systems by those OEMs.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Since 1988, the usage of licenses per processor by Microsoft has continued to increase. “[21] 1995—2005: The Internet and the 32-bit era After Bill Gates' internal “Internet Tidal Wave memo” of May 26, 1995, Microsoft began redesigning its offerings and expanding its product lineup to computer networks and the World Wide Web. [22]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The company released Windows 95 on August 24, 1995, with double duty turns, a new user interface with a 'start' button, and 32-bit compatibility; just like NT, this SO provides the Win32 API. [23] [24] :20 Windows 95 comes out complete with MSN online services, and a web browser Internet Explorer for OEM.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Internet Explorer is not included with the Windows 95 retail box because the box was printed before the team completed development of that web browser, and was only included in the Windows 95 Plus! package. [25]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

With the expansion into new markets in 1996, Microsoft and NBC Universal established a new 24/7 cable news station named MSNBC. [26]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft designed Windows CE 1.0, a new SO designed for low-memory appliances and other limitations, such as personal digital assistants. [27]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

In October 1997, the Department of Justice issued a motion in Federal District Court, stating that Microsoft violated a 1994 signed agreement and asking the court to stop the packaging of Internet Explorer with Windows. [6] :323—324 Dated January 13, 2000, Bill Gates handed over the post of CEO to Steve Ballmer, Gates' longtime friend in college and employee since 1980, and created a new post for himself as Chief Software Architect. [6] :111, 228 [8] Various companies, including Microsoft, formed Trusted Computing Platform Alliance in October 1999 to improve security and protect intellectual property through identification of hardware and software changes.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Critics state the alliance is a way to impose indiscriminate limits on how consumers wear software and how computers react, a form of digital rights management; for example, a computer is not only secured for users, but also secured against the user. [28] [29] Dated April 3, 2000, a verdict was handed down in the case of United States v.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft, [30] called this company an “abusive monopoly”; [31] it settled the case with the U.S. Department of Justice in 2004. [13]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

On October 25, 2001, Microsoft released Windows XP, sehinnga uniting the mainstream and NT ranks under the NT codebase. [32]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The company launched the Xbox in late 2000, signaling Microsoft's entry into the game console market that had been dominated by Sony and Nintendo. [33]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

In March 2004, the European Union issued antitrust lawsuits against this company, calling Microsoft abusing its dominance with Windows OS, thus culminating in a judge's ruling to pay damages of €497million ($613million) and produce a new version of Windows XP without Windows Media Player, Windows XP Home Edition N and Windows XP Professional N. [34] [35] 2006—2010: Windows Vista, mobile phones, SaaS, Yammer Released in January 2007, the next version of Windows, Windows Vista, focuses on features, security, and a new user interface dubbed Aero. [ 37] [38] Microsoft Office 2007, released at the same time, featured the “Ribbon” user interface which became the biggest change from the previous version.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Relatively strong sales of both products helped create 2007's record profit. [39]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The European Union dropped another €899million ($1.4billion) fine for Microsoft's non-compliance with a March 2004 ruling on February 27, 2008, stating that it fined its rivals an unreasonable value for key information regarding the working group's servers and its administration.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft stated that they were compliant and “the fine relates to long-standing issues already resolved”. [40]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Bill Gates resigned from his position as Chief Software Architect on June 27, 2008 and held other positions at Microsoft in addition to being the company's advisor on key projects. [41]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Azure Services Platform, a sign of Microsoft's entry into the cloud computing market for Windows, launched October 27, 2008. [42]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

On February 12, 2009, Microsoft announced its desire to open a Microsoft-branded retail store network, and on October 22, 2009, the first Microsoft Store opened in Scottsdale, Arizona; the same day as the official launch of Windows 7.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The focus of Windows 7 is on improving Vista with easy-to-use features and performance updates, instead of a total overhaul of Windows. [43] [44] [45] As the smartphone industry boom began in 2007, Microsoft sought to level with its rivals, Apple and Google, in system provisioning operation of modern smart telephones.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

As a result, in 2010, Microsoft overhauled its aging mobile phone operating system, Windows Mobile, and replaced it with the new Windows Phone OS; alongside new strategies in the smartphone industry, Microsoft continues to work closely with mobile phone manufactures such as Nokia and provides a consistent user experience across all smartphones using Windows Phone OS.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

This SO uses the new user interface design language, “Metro”, which features simple shapes, typography, and iconography.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft was a founding member of the Open Networking Foundation on March 23, 2011.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Its founding companies include Google, HP Networking, Yahoo, Verizon, Deutsche Telekom, and 17 other companies.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

This nonprofit organization focuses on providing support for a new cloud computing initiative named Software-Defined Networking. [46]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The initiative aims to accelerate innovation through simple software changes to telecommunications networks, wireless networks, data centers, and other network regions. [47] 2011-present: Mobile Phones and Metro After the launch of Windows Phone 7, Microsoft is slowly undertaking re-imaging its entire product lineup between 2011 and 2012.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Logos, products, services, and websites are updated with beautiful features of Metro's design language.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

On May 31, 2012, Microsoft released a preview version of its next-generation Windows 8 software.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The software is designed for a wide range of appliances ranging from tablets to desk computers. [48]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

On June 25, 2012, Microsoft announced that it purchased the Yammer social network for $1.2 billion. [49]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

On August 23, 2012, Microsoft introduced the new corporate logo at the opening of the 23rd Microsoft store in Boston, signaling the move of the company's focus from the classic style to the Metro checkered interface worn on the Windows Phone platform, Xbox 360, and the Windows 8 product lineup and Next Office Suite. [50]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Product division In fiscal 2010, Microsoft had five product divisions: Windows & Windows Live Division, Server and Tools, Online Services Division, Microsoft Business Division, and Entertainment and Devices Division.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Windows & Windows Live Division, Server and Tools, Online Services Division Client Division produces lines of Windows operating systems such as Windows 7; the division also produces the Windows Live family of products and services.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Server and Tools produces versions of Windows servers, such as Windows Server 2008 R2 as well as a set of development tools called Microsoft Visual Studio, Microsoft Silverlight, a web application workframe, and System Center Configuration Manager, a collection of tools that provide capabilities remote control, patch management, software distribution and hardware/software inventory.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Other server products include: Microsoft SQL Server, a relational database management system, Microsoft Exchange Server, for business-specific email and scheduling features, Small Business Server, for small business-specific messaging and other features; and Microsoft BizTalk Server, for business process management.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft provides IT consulting services (“Microsoft Consulting Services”) and creates a series of certification programs handled by the Server and Tools division designed to acknowledge people with little ability in certain roles; this includes developers (“Microsoft Certified Solution Developer”), system/network analysts (“Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer”), trainers (“Microsoft Certified Trainers”) and administrators (“Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator” and “Microsoft Certified Database Administrator”).


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft Press, which publishes books, is also managed by this division.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The Online Services Business division handles MSN online services and the Bing search engine.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

As of December 2009, it held an 18% stake of cable news channel MSNBC without any editorial control; however, the division developed its website, msnbc.com, in a joint venture with the channel's co-owner, NBC Universal. [51]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft Business Division Microsoft Business Division produces Microsoft Office, including Microsoft Office 2010, Microsoft's office software line.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Its software products include Word (word processor), Access (relational database program), Excel (spreadsheet program), Outlook (collaborative software, often used with Exchange Server), PowerPoint (presentation program), Publisher (desktop publishing software) and Sharepoint.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Several other products were added later through the launch of Office 2003, namely Visio, Project, MapPoint, InfoPath and OneNote.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The division also develops enterprise resource planning (ERP) software for companies under the Microsoft Dynamics brand.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The software is Microsoft Dynamics AX, Microsoft Dynamics NAV, Microsoft Dynamics GP, and Microsoft Dynamics SL.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

All of them are targeted at different types of companies and countries, and are limited to organizations under 7,500 employees. [52]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

In addition, under the Dynamics brand there is a customer relationship management software named Microsoft Dynamics CRM, part of the Azure Services Platform.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Entertainment and Devices Division's Entertainment and Devices Division produces Windows CE operating systems for embedded systems and Windows Phone for smartphones. [53]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft initially entered the mobile phone market through Windows CE for handheld equipment, which was later developed into Windows Mobile OS and now, Windows Phone.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Windows CE is designed for appliances whose operating system is not directly visible to the end user, in particular household appliances and cars.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The division also produces computer games operating on Windows PCs and other systems, some of which are Age of Empires, Halo, and the Microsoft Flight Simulator series, and manages the Macintosh Business Unit, which produces Mac OS software, including Microsoft Office 2011 for Mac.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft Entertainment and Devices Division designs, markets, and makes consumer electronics such as the Xbox 360 game console, Zune handheld media player, and MSN TV television-based Internet devices.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft also markets personal computer hardware such as mice, keyboards, and various game controllers such as joysticks and gamepads.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Culture Technical references for developers and articles for various Microsoft magazines such as Microsoft Systems Journal (or MSJ) are available through the Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN).


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

MSDN also offers subscription plans for companies and individuals, and more expensive subscription plans typically include access to beta versions of Microsoft software prior to launch. [54] [55] In April 2004, Microsoft launched a community site for developers and users named Channel9, which provides wiki services and Internet forums. [56]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Another community site that has daily and other videocast services, On10.net, was launched on March 3, 2006. [57]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Free technical assistance is usually provided through Usenet online news groups, and formerly CompuServe, which is supervised by Microsoft employees; there are also several news groups for one product only.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Solutionists are selected on a peer basis or by Microsoft employees to earn Microsoft Most Valuable Professional (MVP) status, which grants them privileged social status, rewards, and other benefits. [58]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Famous for its internal lexicon, the term “eating our own dog food” is used to describe the policy of using pre-release and beta versions of Microsoft products to test them in “real-world” situations. [59]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The term is usually shortened to “dog food” only and is used as a noun, verb, and adjective.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Another jargon, namely FYIFV or FYIV (“Fuck You, I'm [Fully] Vested”), is used by an employee to indicate that they have reached a level of financial freedom and can refuse to work anytime they want. [60]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The company is also well known for its prospective employee selection process which is imitated by other companies and dubbed the “Microsoft interview”, which is notable for its quirky, out-of-context questions of the company such as “Why sewage drain covers are circular ?”. [61]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft is a vehement opponent of H1B visa limits, which allow companies in the United States to hire certain foreign workers.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Bill Gates claimed limits on H1B visas made it difficult to hire employees for Microsoft, stating “I'm going to get rid of the H1B limit” in 2005. [62]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Critics of H1B visas state that easing limits will result in rising unemployment among United States citizens because H1B workers work in low-paid positions. [63]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The Human Rights Campaign Corporate Equality Index, a report on as positive as whether a company's policies toward LGBT employees (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transsexual), gave Microsoft a rating of 87% since 2002 to 2004 and 100% since 2005 to 2010 after they allowed openness of the sexes. [64]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Criticism of Microsoft has existed since the company was established due to various aspects of its products and business practices.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The ease of use, stability, and security of enterprise software has always been a padded target of critics.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

For example, the Trojan horse and other loopholes have spread to many users due to security errors Microsoft Windows and other programs.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft has also been accused of blocking vendors from selling their products alone, as well as not complying with and following its own software standards. [65]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Comparison of the total cost of ownership of Linux and Mac OS X with Windows is a topic of debate that is still hotly discussed.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The company was once the target of numerous lawsuits by a number of state administrations and other corporations over unauthorized monopolistic practices.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

In 2004, the European Union declared Microsoft guilty in a highly notorious anti-trust case.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

In addition, Microsoft's EULAs for some of its programs are often denounced for being too restrictive and rejecting open source software.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft was criticized (along with Yahoo, AOL, and other companies) for engaging in censorship in the People's Republic of China. [66]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Microsoft was also denounced for shifting employment to China and India. [67] [68] [69] There have been a number of reports of poor working conditions at a company in southern China that makes Microsoft products. [70]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Criticism of Microsoft led to the company's “demon kingdom” nickname by a number of parties. [71]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

In science fiction allusion, Microsoft nicknamed “The Borg” after the alien race in Star Trek.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The nickname reflects the view that Microsoft often takes technology from other companies instead of developing it itself, [72] as well as Microsoft's ability to adapt to and defeat the strategies of its competitors. [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] [78] The company is run by the board directors consisting of people outside the company, as those companies are publicly traded.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

The members of Microsoft's board of directors in June 2010 were: Steve Ballmer, Dina Dublon, Bill Gates (chairman), Raymond Gilmartin, Reed Hastings, Maria Klawe, David Marquardt, Charles Noski, and Helmut Panke. [79]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Board members are elected annually in an annual general meeting of shareholders by a majority vote system.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

There are five committees within the council responsible for more specific affairs.


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

Those committees are the Audit Committee, which takes care of accounting, including audits and reporting; Compensation Committee, which approves compensation for CEOs and other employees of companies; Finance Committee, which handles financial affairs such as proposed mergers and acquisitions; Governance and Nominating Committee, which handles various corporate affairs, including the nomination of board members; and the Antitrust Compliance Committee, which seeks to prevent companies from violating antitrust laws. [80] frame|ka|250px|five-year stock history chart (NASDAQ:MSFT) on September 29, 2009. [81]


Question: Who designed the Skype app?

Microsoft

When Microsoft opened itself to the public and made its initial public offering in 1986, its opening stock price was $21; after the trading day, the price closed at $27.75.