Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The orbital position of GEO satellites is parallel to the equator or has a zero degree latitude point.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

A geostationary orbit, or Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO), is a circular orbit that sits 35,786km (22,236 miles) above Earth's equator and follows the direction of Earth's rotation.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

An object that is on this orbit will have an orbital period equal to the Earth's rotation period, making it look motionless, at a fixed position in the sky, to an observer on earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Communications satellites and weather satellites are often published on geostationary orbits, so the antennas of satellites communicating with them do not have to move to track them, but can point permanently at the position in the sky where they are.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

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A geostationary orbit is one type of geosynchronous orbit.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The idea of a geosynchronous satellite for communication purposes was first published in 1928 by Herman Potocnik.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The idea of geostationary orbits was first propagated on a wide scale in a 1945 paper titled “Extra-Terrestrial Relay — Can Rocket Stations Give Worldwide Radio Coverage?”


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

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by science fiction writer from the United Kingdom, Arthur C. Clarke, published in World Wireless magazine.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

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The orbit, which Clarke describes as a useful orbit for broadcast and relay satellite communications, is sometimes called the Clarke Orbit.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Similarly, the Clarke Belt is part of a space about 35,786km (22,000 miles) above sea level, on the plane of the Equator, where geostationary orbits can be implemented.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Clarke's orbit is about 265,000km (165,000 miles) long.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

GEO satellites have a distance of 35786 Km from the Earth's surface.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The advantage of GEO orbit satellites is that in tracking the controlling antenna of an Earth station does not need to follow the movement of the satellite because the satellite is the same period as the rotation of the earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Compare that with tracking antennas on LEO satellites that have to follow the movement of its satellites which is not the same as the period


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The disadvantage of GEO orbit satellites is that because of the great distance from the Earth's surface, the signal transmit power should be high and often there is a fairly significant delay.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Even GEO satellite coverage does not actually cover all positions on the Earth's surface.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Locations located at the north and south poles cannot be reached by using GEO satellites due to their limited foot prints.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Excess GEO Controller station should not at any time perform track against the satellite.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Just a few satellites cover the entire layer of the earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Maximum lifetime of 15 years or more.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

DEFICIENCY GEO Delai considerable propagation, ranging from 250 milliseconds.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The process of launching a satellite is expensive because it is on a distant orbit.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The receiving antenna on the earth station must be large in diameter in order to capture the emitted signal/frequency.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

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GEO Characteristics High orbit: about 35,800km, above the Earth's surface Orbit Period: 24 hours Rotate speed: 11,000km/h, Apparent Time: Always visible (because the rotating speed of the satellite is equal to the rotating speed of the earth Delay Time: 250 ms (Time of propagation of waves from earth station to satellite and back again to earth station) Number of Satellites: 3 (Global Coverage) Usage: Widely used by satellites for fixed telecommunication systems, such as Palapa, Intelsat, Asiasat, etc.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Comparison of Geosynchronous Orbits of planets in the Mercury solar system: Rsynch=242843km, Rh=220594km, Rplanet=2440km, VC=0.3km/s Venus: Rsynch=1535681km, Rh=1010369km, Rplanet=6052km, VC=0.46km/s Moon: Rsynch=883km, RH=129417km, Rplanet=1737km, VC=0.24km/s Mars: Rsynch=20429km, RH= 1083941km, Rplanet=3390km, VC=1.45km/s Jupiter: Rsynch=160052km, RH=53155071km, Rplanet=69911km, VC=28.14km/s Saturn: Rsynch=111606km, RH=65439558km, Rplanet=58232km, VC=18.1km 43km/s Uranus: Rsynch=82674km, Rh=70064595km, Rplanet=25362km, VC=8.37km/s Neptune: Rsynch=83395km, Rh=115863626km , Rplanet=24622km, VC=9.03km/s Pluto: Rsynch=18892km, RH=7633076km, Rplanet=1184km, VC=0.22km/s Description Rsynch = Syncronous radius Vc = orbital speed Rh = radius Hill Sphere Rplanet = Radius of planet Polar Orbit Satellite orbiting in polar orbit is a satellite that has an intimate Clination (deviation) by 90° from the geostationer's orbit.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Polar orbiting satellites are particularly beneficial for observing the Earth's surface because satellites orbit in a north-south direction and the earth rotates in an east-west direction, hence polar orbiting satellites will eventually be able to “sweep” the entire surface of the earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

For this reason, global basin monitoring satellites such as senderaja satellites and weather satellites, generally have polar orbits.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Elliptical Orbit Satellites with elliptical orbits are orbiting satellites with an elliptical orbit shape towards the earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

With the shape of the ellips orbit, it produces a distance that is not equal (synchronous) in each position with the surface of the earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The shape of the elliptical orbit on a satellite can be shown in the image below. In satellites with elliptical orbits it will occur one position farthest from the Earth's surface and one closest position from the Earth's surface.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

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The position furthest from the Earth's surface is named by the apogee position.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The position closest to the Earth's surface is named as the perigee position.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The virtues of the Ellips orbit on the scope of the polar regions are negligible, necessary for remote and distant areas within a country.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The rotation period is about 5 — 12 hours and is visible directly from the Earth station about 2-4 hours each day.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

These orbits are used for the purposes of communications satellites, for example Telster satellites.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Circular Equatorial Orbit This orbit has an angle parallel to the horizon line and is a geostationary orbit, which is the place where most telecommunication satellites are located.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

It is in this orbit that the entire surface of the Earth can be covered by three satellites with an angular difference of 120 degrees, or according to Intelsat calculations the position of such satellites is: 30 O E (East): area of Africa and Europe, or over the Indian Ocean (Indian Ocean Region/ IOR). 150 O E (East): area China and Oceania, over the Pacific Ocean Region (POR). 90 O E (East): the area of the Americas, above the Atlantic Ocean Region (AOR).


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

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Elliptically Inclined Orbit This orbit forms an angle of inclination (oblique) against the equatorial plane with an inclination of about 63 degrees.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

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The orbital period is 12 hours so a minimum of 2 satellites per day is required that must appear to be.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

This orbit is used for communication systems in Russia and surrounding areas because with this slope, the area around the poles can be covered. An example of communication satellites that use this orbit is the Molniya satellite belonging to Russia for domestic telecommunications purposes.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Circular Polar Orbit Orbit has a trajectory perpendicular to the equator, so if it is going to be used for global telecommunications, it is necessary to place many satellites.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Used for navigation, observation in the field of meteorology and natural sources.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Orbital velocity For satellites in a circle orbit, the relationship between orbital velocity and altitude is tight.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The task of a satellite launch rocket is to release the satellite at a feasible place in space, with the appropriate speed and direction of movement to put it into the desired orbit.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

How a satellite stays in orbit can think about two equivalent ways, neither of which explains the relationship between a satellite's altitude and speed.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The motion of a satellite can be seen as creating a centrifugal force that opposes gravitational attraction.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

For example, imagine attaching an object to a string and swinging in a circle.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The goal is pulling out against the string, and that outside force (centrifugal force) becomes larger the faster the object swings.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

At the right speed, the centrifugal force from the satellite due to motion around the earth only balances the gravitational pull, and the satellite stays in orbit.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

As the gravitational pull grows weaker the further the satellite is from earth, the centrifugal force required to balance gravity also decreases with distance from Earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The higher the satellite's orbit, the lower its orbital velocity.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Alternately, the satellite can be seen as continuing to fall towards the center of the Earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

However, because satellites also move parallel to the Earth's surface, the earth continues to curve away from the satellite.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

In a circular orbit, the speed of the satellite is exactly what is needed so it keeps falling but keeps a constant distance from Earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The speed required depends on the height of the satellite due to the geometry of the Earth satellite and because the rate at which the satellite falls to earth depends on the strength of gravity at its altitude.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Orbital period Another key parameter used to describe satellites is the time it takes for a satellite to travel around the earth once, i.e., to complete one orbit.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

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This time is known as the orbital period.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Because as the altitude of the orbit increases the second satellite moves more slowly and must travel far on each orbit, the period increases with the height of the orbit.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

For low-altitude orbits (altitudes of several hundred kilometers), the period is about 90 minutes; at higher altitudes, the period increases.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Since one day is roughly 1,440 minutes, the plot shows that satellites at an altitude of about 36,000 kilometers orbit once a day—at the same rate the earth rotates.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

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Such orbits are called geosynchronous.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

A satellite placed in a geosynchronous orbit above the equator is unique in that it stays above the same point on earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Such geostationary orbits have important uses.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Location and direction of satellite launches Generally a space port must have a large enough area so that if a rocket explodes it will not endanger human lives around the launch site.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The preferred location is usually located near the katulistiwa eastward in order to make maximum use of the Earth's rotational speed (465m/s), and is a good orientation for heading into a geostationary orbit.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

In addition, this increases the ratio of mass to orbit.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

For polar orbits or Molniya, these aspects do not apply.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

For safety, a launch line on water or wastelands is essential.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Satellite Satellite Transmission Network is a tool in Earth orbit that is specialized to receive or transmit data wirelessly (without wires).


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Satellite communication is similar to microwave line-of-sight (transmission follows a straight line/LOS), only that one of its stations, that is, a satellite, orbits above the earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Satellites function like very high antennas and repeaters.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

As a repeater, it serves to receive the microwave wave signal from the earth station, transmitted its frequency, then amplified to be emitted back towards the earth according to its coveragent which is the location of the destination earth station or receiver.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

In GEO communication (is the most numerous satelite communication system) the position of the satelite is about 36,000km above the earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Communication satellites are Relay stations or microwave wave repeaters laid in space.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

These satellites receive radio signals with specific frequency fields from earth after being amplified and converted to different frequency fields.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Satellites are a relay station.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Satellites receive on one frequency, amplify or repeat the signal and transmit pd another frequency.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Requires a geo-stationary orbit, 35.784km high (William Stallings, Data and Computer Communications 7th Edition).


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Data transmission Media data transmission using satellit is an interconnection of data communication using satellites located outside the face of the earth at a certain height where the signal carrier uses certain frequencies emitted from the station upfront of the earth and reflected by the satellite to be directed to the other surface of the earth as long as it is still in the coverage area of the satellite.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

For the execution of communications, satellites must orbit or circumnavigate the rotated earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The orbits used are Geosynchronous orbits where using this orbit a satellite can reach a third part of the Earth with an altitude of 36,000 Km (22,300 Miles) from the Earth's surface, satellites reaching such altitudes have trajectories that circle the earth for 24 the clock so it will always appear to be silent against a point on the surface of the earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Satellites using this orbit are very advantageous that is the cost to control the satellite is relatively lower and the relationship never breaks up.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The Intelsat and Palapa satellites are some examples of satellites using Geosynchronus orbits.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

How satellites work How satellites work in conventional systems is by sending signals from computers and being relayed by satellites without processing in satellites.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The disadvantage of this method, the computer directly connected to the satellite must work for 24 hours.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

If one of the computers is turned off then the connection to the computer will be disconnected.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Conventional communication satellites can be used without the need to be modified.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The computer in the satellite serves to store a temporary in-formation that can automatically be performed.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

How data transmission works through satellites The utilization of satellite communication systems has provided the ability for humans to communicate and obtain information from various corners of the world simultaneously without regard to their relative distances.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The basic components of satellite transmission are: Earth stations, used to send and receive Satellite data, also called PC transponders that use internet networks with satellite networks catagorized like wireless networks using microwaves.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

These microwaves will be transmitted and processed by Earth satellite stations which are then transmitted to satellites in space, and will further be re-energized by the destination earth sateit station.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

How data transmission works through satellites by paying attention to these components, that is, the satellite receives a signal from the earth station (up-link) then amplifies the signal, changes the frequency and retransmits the data to another receiving earth station (down-link).


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

In satellite transmissions so delay or delay because the signal must move towards space and return again to earth, the time lag is about 0.5 seconds.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Satellites use different frek-uence to receive and transmit data.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The frequency range of the satellite is: 4-6 giga hertz, called C-band 12-14 giga hertz, called Ku-band 20 giga hertz.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The advantages of Satellite transmission media Large area coverage, its wide coverage range both nationally, regionally and globally, can even reach half of the Earth's surface.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The VSAT could be installed anywhere as long as it came within range of the satellite.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Can Connection anywhere.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

There is no need for LOs (Line of Sight) and there is no problem with distance, because straight lines transfer data to the extraterrestrial direction so it is not blocked by buildings — buildings/geographical location of the earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Communication can be done both point to point and from point to many points on a broadcasting basis, multicasting.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Reliable and can be used for voice (PABX), video and data connections, by providing wide bandwidth by renting on the provider only.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

If to the internet network direct access to the ISP/ NAP router.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Excellent for areas that are sparsely populated and do not have telecommunication infrastructure.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Satelite transmission media (VSAT) will not collide with another VSAT because it has a unique orbit, so it is unlikely to be the same.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

While in wireless, there can be a frequency collision with other wireless users or the frequency in the area is full so it has difficulty.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Weaknesses of wireless transmission media To pass the TCP/IP signal, the magnitude of throughput will be limited due to the propagation delay of geostationary satellites.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Now various link protocol techniques have been developed so as to overcome the problem.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Among these are the use of Forward Error Correction that guarantees less possibility of redelivery.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

In terms of security, that is, data transmission is very easy to capture as it runs through the open air.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Prices are relatively expensive due to the expensive price of equipment.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Takes up space, especially for his dishes/antennae.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The time it takes from one point above the earth to another via satellite is about 700 milliseconds (latency), while leased line only takes about 40 milliseconds.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

This is due to the distance that the data must travel which is from the earth to the satellite and back to the earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Geostationary satellites alone are about 36,000 kilometers above the Earth's surface.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

High precipitation, The higher the frequency of the signal used, the higher the attenuation due to precipitation.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

For regions such as Indonesia with high rainfall the use of Ku-band will greatly reduce the expected availability of satellite links.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

As for sub tropical regions with low rainfall the use of Ku-Band will be very good.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

This frequency selection will affect the size of the terminal that will be used by each customer.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

And also, satelite transmission media is susceptible to weather, meteor dust/ space dust, and other weather circumstances.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Sun Outage, Sun outage is a condition that occurs at a time when the earth — satellite — the sun is in one straight line.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Satellites orbiting the earth geostationary on a geosynchronous orbit line are on the equator or equator line (at 36,000 Km altitude) on a fixed basis and experience twice sun outage annually.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The thermal energy emitted by the sun at the time of sun outage results in instantaneous interference on all satellite signals, so the satellite experiences a loss of communication with the earth station, both head-end/teleport and regular ground-segment.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Often shooting hydrazine gas (H2Z) in order for satellite rotation to keep the satellite stable in orbit, the satellite needs to be calibrated several times to stay on its orbit.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Comparison of wireless and satellite transmission media based on these reviews, it looks like a comparison of wireless and satellite transmission media.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The disadvantages/advantages of wireless/satellite transmission media is seen from the needs and needs of the customer/a company, then viewed from the side of the network development, its location (geographical location), its devicenya and the other side.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Wireless transmission media is cheaper than satellite transmission media.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Most wireless transmission media are used in connection in public places and there are also branches — branches of the company.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Most satelite transmission media (VSAT) are used for connections within large enterprises.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Judging from the side of latency, satelite transmission media is higher latency in wireless appeal.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Then, satelite does not pay attention to distance, distance does not affect, while on wireless distance affects the frequency of data transmission.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

On wireless the higher the radio wave then the higher the bandwidth but the distance is getting shorter.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

For locations, it is not possible to use wireless transmission media around buildings or high-rises.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

This is not effective if using wireless transmission media because it can occur NLOs or NLOs.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Viewed in terms of the device used.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

On satelite direct transmission from satelite, while wireless transmission media depends on the device used (access point, radio link, etc.).


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

On satelite use hubs.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

In wireless transmission media, using device access point (AP) to transmit data, while satelite transmit media directly transmit data from satelite (VSAT LINK), some use hub.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The AP usually has a coverage area up to 100 meters, which is usually called a cell or range.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

So for coverage area, satelite transmission media can reach further than wireless transmission media.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Then, either wireless or satelite transmission media have a working system with different frequencies.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Depending on the application, satellites can be used with different ground network designs or network topologies.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

At simple, satellites can support one-way or two-way linking between two earth stations (respectively called simplex transmission and duplex transmission).


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

More complex communication needs can also be overcome with more sophisticated network topologies, such as stars and mesh.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Microwaves Microwaves (English: microwave) are electromagnetic waves with super high frequency (Super High Frequency, SHF), that is, above 3GHz (3x109 Hz).


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

If microwaves are absorbed by an object, a warming effect will appear on the object.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

If the food absorbs microwave radiation, it gets hot and cooks for a short time.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

It is this process that is utilized in microwave ovens.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Microwaves are also utilized on radars. The radar is used to search and determine the trace of an object by microwaves with a frequency of about 1010 Hz.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Description Physical Communication satellite is a microwave relay station.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Used to connect two or more microwave transmitter/receivers on earth, which are associated with earth station or ground station.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Saatelit receives transmissions above one frequency band (uplink), amplifies and repeats the signals, transmitting them to another frequency (downlink).


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

A single penorbit satellite will operate on multiple frequency bands, which are referred to as channel transponders or transponders for short.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Satellite transmission frequency Communication Satellite Communication Satellite is an artificial satellite installed in space with the purpose of telecommunications using radio on microwave frequencies.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Most communications satellites use geosynchronous orbits or geostationary orbits, although some recent types use low earth orbiting satellites.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

For fixed service, communication satellites provide an additional technology for fiber optical submarine communication cables.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

For mobile applications, such as communications to ocean-going ships and aircraft where other technological applications such as cables, are impractical or impossible to use.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Space Segment Space segment consists of Structure/Bus Payload Power Supply Temperature control Attitude control and orbit The propulsion system Telemetry, Tracking, & Command (TT&C) Space segment is useful for controlling and monitoring satellites.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

This includes, tracking, telemetry and command station (TT&C) along with satellite control centre, where operational station-keeping and checking vital functions of the satellite are carried out.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Radio waves are transmitted by earth stations, received by satellites.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The link formed is called UPLINK.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The satellite will transmit radio waves to the receiving earth station, and its link is called DOWNLINK.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The quality of a radio link is determined by the carrier-to-noise ratio.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The quality of the link overalls determines the quality of the signal sent to the end user.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

In principle, communication satellites are repeater stations in space.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The signals sent by antennas on earth after receiveamplified by the equipment on the satellite are then sent back to the earth. The main advantage of communication satellites is large and flexible traffic capacity and has a wide coverage area in earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Subsystems — subsystems that must be owned by satellites: Antenna sub-systems; to balance and emit signals Transponder: electronic equipment to receive, amplify and change the frequency of the signals received and transmitted back to earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Electrical power generation sub-system: to generate electrical power needed for satellites.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

d) Power regulating sub-system: to regulate and convert the electric power arise into the forms required by electronic equipment.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Sub-system of commandos and telemetry: to radiate data-comings satellites to earth and receive commandos (commands) from earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

A thrust sub-system to regulate changes in the position and altitude of the satellite in order to remain at a certain positionin orbit.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

g) Sub-system stabilization: to keep satellite antennas canalways point to the right target on earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Ground Segment Ground segment (commonly called earth station) consists of User Terminal SB Master Network.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

From SB (earth station) directly connected to the end user.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Earth stations are distinguished by their size which varies based on the volume of traffic carried by satellite links and the type of transformer.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The largest stations have 30m diameter antennas (standard A from Intelsat Network), the smallest have an antenna diameter of 0.6m or smaller in the form of mobile station terminals.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Some stations function receive and send, but some are receiving only (RCVO stations) Based on their functions, ground segments are distinguished above: Main Earth Station: earth stations that are displaced to control satellites to stay where ordered, and run functionswhich are commanded.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Big Earth Stations: Earth stations that can transmit andreceive information signals and television broadcasts Small Earth Stations: earth stations that can transmit and receive information signals but can only receive television broadcasts.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Moving Earth Station (SBB): Earth station that is for emergencies or special for example live TV broadcast.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Television Reception Only (TVRO): an earth station that can only receive television broadcast via satellite.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

High Throughput Satellites (HTS) High Throughput Satellites (HTS) is a technology in which data access capacity through satellites can be much greater than the currently widely used capacity.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

If the current maximum throughput capacity is 155 Mbps, through High Throughput Satellite (HTS) technology, the data access rate can reach 100Gbits.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Implementations of High Throughput Satellite (HTS) systems can be applied to any type of transponder, such as Ka-Band, Ku-Band, and C-Band.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

List of high throughput satellites: Anik F2 (July 2004) Thaicom 4 (IPSTAR) (August 2005) Spaceway-3 (August 2007) WINDS (February 2008) KA-SAT (December 2010) Yahsat Y1A (April 2011) ViaSat-1 (October 2011) [3] [4] Yahsat Y1B (April 2012) EchoStar XVII 2012) HYLAS 2 (July 2012) Astra 2E (September 2013) O3b satellite constellation (June 2013) Inmarsat Global Xpress constellation (2014) (2015) Global Positioning System Global Positioning System [5] (English: Global Positioning System (GPS)) is a system for determining the location on the surface of the earth with the help of alignment ( synchronization) of satellite signals.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The system uses 24 satellites that transmit microwave signals to Earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

This signal is received by a receiving device on the surface, and is used to determine location, speed, direction, and time.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Systems similar to GPS include Russian GLONASS, EU Galileo, IRNSS India.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Transponder Frequencies used in satellite communications are arranged in the form of canals called transponders.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

One satellite can have many transponders, depending on the design and purpose of use.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

For example for example the Palapa-D Satellite has 40 transponders consisting of 24 C-band transponders, 11 Ku-band transponders and 5 Extended C-band transponders.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

This number of transponders is intended to ratify the growing needs of customers.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

In the past the first generation Palapa satellite (Palapa-A1) carried only 12 transponders only (C-band) because in those times (Papala-A1 was launched in July 1976) the need for transponders was still very low.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Another example is the Cakrawarta-1 satellite (launched in November 1997) where this satellite carries only 5 transponders only (S-band), because with 5 transponders this is enough to broadcast 40 subscription TV broadcast programs (Indovision).


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The most popular satellite frequency band is the C-band (4 — 6GHz) because signals at these frequencies are unaffected by rain and are free from interference from teresterial microwave signals.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The frequency allocation in the C-band is detailed in the figure below, where the bandwidth of one transponder is limited at 36MHz and between transponders is spaced (guard band) by 4MHz (figure 1b).


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Figure 1a shows the frekension allocation of each transponder following its middle frequency, while figure 1c shows the maximum and minimum frequencies of a transponder. (in this picture is taken the example of a 7H transponder).


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Based on the example in figure 1c above then the maximum frequency of the 12V transponder is 4200MHz, while the minimum frequency of the 1H transponder is 3700MHz.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Thus the total frequency allocated for the entire transponder is 4200 — 3700 = 500MHz.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Meanwhile the total number of transponders there is entirely 24, while the bandwidth of each transponder is 36MHz and the guard band is 4MHz.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

If calculated linearly it will be obtained = 24 transpoders x (36 + 4) MHz = 960MHz.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

That is, for 24 transponders @ 36MHz and guard band @ 4MHz it takes total bandwidth = 960MHz.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

But in fact enough with 500MHz alone the need is sufficient.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

It means we can save nearly half of bandwidth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

This can happen because there are properties of wave polarization (electromagnetic) that can be exploited, namely that two waves whose polarization is mutually perpendicular will be isolated from each other.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The magnitude of this insulating factor is about 30dB or one-thousandth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

In other words, two pieces of signal can use one same frequency as long as the polarization differs by 90 degrees.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

By utilizing this phenomenon, we can save bandwidth up to half.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Deep Space Network Deep Space Network is a communications network supporting interplanetary spacecraft missions; some examples of which have existed, such as: NASA Deep Space Network Chinese Deep Space Network Europe Deep Space Center Japan Deep Space Center Indian Deep Space Network Soviet Deep Space Network Space Network Center Mission Controller Center or Mission Control Center (MCC) is the controlling center of the control, monitoring and support activities related to manned spacecraft flight.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Earth stations Earth stations are telecommunications terminals located on earth, designed to communicate with spacecraft or receive radio waves from space.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Earth stations are usually built in places far from populated settlements due to “radiation” or dusty industrial areas.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Earth Station (Ground Segment) is part of a satellite transmission system that is located on earth and serves as its terminal station; that is, a modifier of Base Band signals and/or voice frequency signals, becomes a radio frequency signal, and vice versa as a terminal station.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

At the beginning of operation, the earth station is differentiated into 5 kinds, based on the function, capacity and facilities of the earth station concerned.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The five kinds of earth stations are: Main Controller Station, Big Earth Station, Medium Earth Station, Small Earth Station, Mini Earth Station In Indonesia the famous earth station is Jatiluhur Earth Station, which is the control center of Palapa satellite, and Pare-Pare Earth Station.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Space launcher vehicle In space flight, a launcher vehicle or carrier rocket is a rocket used to carry payloads from the Earth's surface into space.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

A launch system includes a launcher vehicle, stage launch and other infrastructure.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Usually payload payloads are artificial satellites placed into orbit, but some spaceflights are sub-orbital while others allow spacecraft to exit Earth orbit entirely.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

A launch vehicle carrying a payload on a suborbital trajectory is often called sounding a rocket.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Launch vehicles, particularly orbital launcher vehicles, have a minimum of two stages, but sometimes up to 4.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Upper stage rocket An upper-stage or upper-stage rocket alone is an upper-stage rocket that propels a payload on an inter-trajectory, or into an orbit higher than the actual orbit that can be reached using a propulsive rocket.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Often, upper-stage engines can be restarted several times in space.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Some of the upper stages remain attached with their payload and provide long service after reaching their initial orbit.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Many of America's early intelligence spacecraft, for example, the upper stages of the Agena remained attached throughout their operational lives.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The Agena will provide the spacecraft with power, communications, and attitude control, as well as provide the necessary orbital maneuvers.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Some of the upper stages have provided service in more than one boster.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

For example, Agena was used on various Thor, Atlas and Titan rockets.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Centaurs and IUs also served in several families of launchers.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Despite periodic upgrades, upper-stage families tend to remain employed over an extended period of time.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The Agena, first flown in 1959, would fly aboard 360 missions before being retired in 1987.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The Centaur, 50 years after its first flight in 1963, still sees frequent use on the Atlas 5 booster.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Remote sensing Remote sensing, remote sensing (or abbreviated inderaja) is the measurement or acquisition of data from an object or phenomenon by a tool that does not physically make contact with that object or measurement or data acquisition of an object or phenomenon by a tool remotely, (e.g. from a plane, spacecraft, satellite, ship or other tool.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Examples of remote sensing include Earth observation satellites, weather satellites, monitoring fetuses with ultrasonics and space rides that monitor planets from orbit.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Inderaja comes from English remote sensing, French language télédétection, German fernerkundung, Portuguese sensoriamento remota, Spanish percepcion remote and Russian language distangtionaya.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

In modern times, the term remote sensing refers to techniques involving instruments on a plane or spacecraft and is distinguished by other sensing such as medical sensing or photogrammetry.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Although everything related to astronomy is actually the application of remote sensing (in fact, intensive remote sensing), the term “remote sensing” is generally more related to teresterials and weather observations.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Radio astronomy Radio astronomy is a branch of astronomy that studies the phenomena of celestial bodies through measurements of the characteristics of the radio waves it emits


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Radio waves have a longer wavelength than light waves.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

To get a good signal, radio astronomy requires large antennas or clusters of small antennas working simultaneously (for example: the Very Large Array in New Mexico, USA).


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

OPALS OPALS (Optical Payload for Lasercomm Science) is an optical communications in space experiment developed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory for the International Space Station.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

It is testing the potential in the use of optical lasers to transmit data, at higher levels namely from spaceflight based traditional communications RF, to Earth from space.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

It was launched to the orbital station atop a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on April 18, 2014, as part of an unpressurized cargo payload from the SpaceX CRS-3 Dragon spacecraft.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Satellite Resources Each satellite requires a power source.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Factors to consider are cost, durability, and effectiveness (amount of power produced).


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Satellites spend a lot of electricity


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The power source placement is installed inside or outside the satellite.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Some possible power sources for satellites include: solar panel nuclear power battery heat generator Radioisotope thermoelectric generator Radioisotope thermoelectric generator or radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG, RITEG) is an electric generator that uses an arrays of thermocouples to convert heat given off by the decay of suitable radioactive material into electricity by the Seebeck effect.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

RTGS has been used as a power source in satellites, manned spacecraft and like remote facilities as a series of lighthouses of the Soviet Union erected within the Arctic Circle.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Inspection of Cassini spacecraft RTGs before launch New Horizons in assembly hall Soviet RTG List of satellite launcher countries Countries capable of launching satellites themselves, including the manufacture of launcher vehicles.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Note: many countries that can design (shape) and make satellites that can be piloted do not require high economic, science and industrial capacity but cannot afford to launch them, and they use foreign launchers.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The list below does not place the various countries, and only lists countries capable of launching their own satellites, plus the date that the country shows its capabilities.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Onwards also does not list multinational satellite or satellite consortiums.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

List of countries that launched satellites by other countries Satellite in Indonesia Album Pioneer 0.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The first orbiter satellite to be launched to orbit on the Moon but was unsuccessful.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The satellite was launched on 17 August 1958.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Luna 10.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The first orbiter satellite to successfully orbit on the Moon.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The satellite is made by Union Sovyet.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Mariner 9.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The first orbiter satellite to successfully orbit on Planet Mars.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Sputnik 1.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The first satellite of the Union of Sovyet.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Explorer 1.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The first satellite of the United States.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

International Space Station.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Weather satellite Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Earth observer satellite, European Remote-Sensing Satellite Russian GPS Satellite GLONASS.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Deploy of PALABA-B1 Satellite durig Shuttle Mission STS-7 Space probe Space rides Voyager 1 and 2 at launch in 1977.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Voyager 2 was launched at Cape Canaveral, Florida, on August 20, 1977.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

And Voyager 1 followed next on September 5, 1977.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

These nirawak rides make explorations to the outer planets by taking pictures and sending them to receiving stations on Earth.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

To surround the planets, the spacecraft has a speed of 63,000km/h (Voyager1).


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

In 1970 to 1980, the outer planets were lined in such a way that this was only possible once 175 years, making it possible for spacecraft to traverse all those planets by utilizing the graffitation of each planet in its trajectory in 1979 Voyager 1 who had flown 206,700km gliding across the planet Jupiter was quizzed by Voyager 2 which had flown 570,000km.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Each of these space rides has taken photos of 17,000 pieces.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The parts of space rides The project that cost 856 million dollars is made up of equipment.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The components for each space vehicle nir this crew are as many as 65,000 parts. Its computer memory components there are one million parts.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

The following are the main components of the voyager 1 and 2 Magnetometer spacecraft in a 13-meter arm made of fiberglass serves to detect magnetic fields.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Antenna (high gain antenna) shaped parabolic dish with 3.7 meters diameter serves to comonicate with earth Low gain antenna useful for communicating with earth when voyager close to earth The camera serves to take pictures Infrared spectrometer and radiometer serves to measuring the heat and position of the target that will be in the photo Cosmic ray detector serves to measure the energy of the electron spectrum of the radio isotope generator to produce an electric current of 400 watts Star tracker serves to detect the luminous stars Voyager.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Voyager spacecraft diagram.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Voyager 2 Trajectories of Pioneer 10 and 11 as well as Voyager 1 and 2 on their varied routes out of the Solar System.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Pioneer 10-11 spacecraft.


Question: How many spy satellites belong to the United States?

Satellite

Diagram shows Pioneer 10's systems Pioneer 11 See also Geostationary Orbit Orbit Geosynchronous orbit Space flight orbital space flight Mission Controller Center International Telecommunications Union NASA Deep Space Network Chinese Deep Space Network Europe Deep Space Center Japan Deep Space Center Indian Deep Space Network Soviet Deep Space Network Frequency band Deep space Air traffic watchdog Earth Station Astronomy layout celestial coordinates Sky sphere Timeline artificial satellites and space probes Orbital speed Satellite orbital period (by launch date) Syncom 1 (1963), 2 (1963) and 3 (1964) Anik 1 (1972) Aryabhata (1975) (India, launched by USSR) Hermes Communications Technology Satellite (1976) Munin (2000) (Swedish, launched by US) KEO satellite — a space time capsule (2006) Satellite Service Satellite Telephone Satellite Telephone Satellite Radio Satellite Anti-satellite weapons The Radiation Belt and Magnetosphere Reference Outlink (in English) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


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Category:Unmanned Spacecraft Category:Space Flight Category:Orbit Category:Space Rides Category:Space Flight Category:Astrodynamics Category:Space Technology


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong (Hanzi: 東) (), was a philosopher figure and state founder of the People's Republic of China.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

He ruled as Chairman of the Communist Party of China from the founding of the country in 1949 until his death in 1976.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Marxist—Leninist theory, military strategy, and political policy are collectively known as Marxism—Leninism-Maoism or Mao Zedong Thought.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

He is one of the most important figures in the modern history of China [1].


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Born to the son of a wealthy farmer in Shaoshan, Hunan, Mao adopted a Chinese nationalist and anti-imperialist prospect in early life, this was influenced by the events of the 1911 Xinhai Revolution and May Fourth Movement (May Fourth Movement) in 1919.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Mao converted to Marxism-Leninism while working at Peking University and became a founding member of the Communist Party of China (CCP).


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

He led the Autumn Harvest Uprising in 1927.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

During the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang (KMT) and CCP, Mao helped found the Red Army, led the radical land policy of Jiangxi Soviet and eventually became head of the CCP during the Long Marches (Long March).


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Although the CCP temporarily was in alliance with the KMT under the United Front during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), after Japan's defeat the Chinese civil war returned and in 1949 Mao's forces defeated the Nationalists who withdrew to Taiwan.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Childhood Born in a poor peasant family, since childhood Mao had to work hard and live concerned.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Although in later life the economic circumstances of his family improved, but the woes of that childhood affected his life a lot [2].


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

When a child, Mao was sent to study in elementary school.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

His education as a child also included the classical teachings of Confucianism.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

But at the age of 13, his father told him to stop attending school and told him to work in the fields.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Mao rebelled and determined to complete his education so he desperately ran away from home and continued his education elsewhere.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

In 1905, he took the state exam which at that time began to erase the old confucianism understandings; replaced by Western-style education.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

This signals the beginning of intellectual uncertainty in China.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

In 1911, Mao was involved in the Xinhai Revolution which was a revolution against the Qing Dynasty that resulted in the collapse of the Chinese empire which had been in power over 2000 years since 221 BC.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

In 1912, the Republic of China was proclaimed by Sun Yat-sen and China with the official entry into republican times.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Mao then continued his schooling and studied many things, among others, western culture.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

In 1918 he graduated and then lectured at Beijing University.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

There he will meet the founders of the Marxist CCP.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Mao and his Party Mao Party was founded in 1921 and Mao was increasingly more vocal days.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Between 1934 — 1935 he held the leading role and led the Chinese Red Army undergoing the “Long Mars”.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Then since 1937 he helped combat the Dai Nippon Army which occupied many areas of China.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Eventually World War II ended and the civil war flared up again.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

In this war against the nationalists, Mao became the leader of the Red people and he finally won in 1949.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

On October 1 of 1949, the People's Republic of China was proclaimed and nationalist Chinese leader; Chiang Kai Shek fled to Taiwan.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Mao Mao's philosophy was not actually an original philosopher.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

His ideas based on other fathers of socialism such as Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Lenin and Stalin.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

But he thought a lot about the dialectic materialism on which socialism was based and the application of these ideas in practice as Mao worked on could be said to be original.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Mao could also be said to be a Chinese philosopher whose influence was the most in the 20th Century.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Mao's most important concept of falsafi is conflict.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

According to him: “Conflict is universe and absolute, it is in the process of developing all goods and possessing all processes from beginning to end.”


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Karl Marx's historical model is also based on the principle of conflict: oppressive classes and oppressed classes, capital and occupations are in an eternal conflict.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

At some point this will lead to a crisis and the workers will win.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

In the end this new situation will lead to a crisis again, but logically all the final processes, according to Mao, will lead us to a stable and harmonious balance.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Mao so argued that all conflicts are universe and absolute, so in other words are eternal.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

This concept of Mao conflict has its resemblance to the concept of yin-yang falsafi.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

It all sounds like a dogma of belief.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Below is presented a snapshot of his thoughts on the conflict.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

In science everything is divided based on certain conflicts inherent to the objects of their respective research.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Conflict so constitutes a basis rather than something form disciplines.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Here can be presented some examples: negative and positive numbers in mathematics, action and reaction in mechanical science, positive and negative power flow in physical sciences, attraction and rejection in chemical science, class conflict in social sciences, assault and defense in war science, idealism and materialism as well as metaphysical and dialectic perspectives in philosophic science and beyond.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

These are all research objects of different disciplines because each discipline has its specific conflict and its own essence or core.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

The examples given by Mao Zedong regarding 'conflict' in different disciplines were taken from Lenin.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Some analogies are fitting but others are not.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Negative and positive numbers are a bad example of the dialectics of marxism because their differences are not dynamic: there are only new negative and positive numbers popping up.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Mao's opinion becomes dubious again when he says that this' conflict 'is a' quintessence 'rather than the disciplines concerned.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Negative and positive numbers are not the quintessence of mathematical science, nor are metaphysics and dialectics not the quintessence of philosophy.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Mao was an erudite person and his erroneous understandings could be explained from because he was very obsessed with this concept of conflict.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

This obsession also affects his political decisions as will be presented below later.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Mao's second important concept is his concept of knowledge that he also drew from Marxism.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Mao argued that knowledge represents the continuation of experience in the physical realm and that experience is equal to engagement.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

If you seek knowledge then you must engage with the changing circumstances of the situation.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

If you want to know how a guava tastes, then it must be changed by the way it eats it.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

If you want to know an atomic structure, then you must conduct physics and chemistry experiments to change the status of these atoms.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

If you want to know the theory and method of revolution, then you must follow it.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

All true knowledge arises from firsthand experience.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Only after a person has gained experience, then he can only jump forward.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

After that the complaint is repractised which makes a person gain experience again and so on.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

It is shown that Mao not only knew Marxism but also understood neoconfucianism as stated by Wang Yangmin who lived in the 15th century to the 16th century.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Mao and his Political Policies of Mao distinguish two types of conflict; antagonistic conflict and non-antagonistic conflict.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Antagonistic conflicts in his opinion can only be solved by a battle alone whereas non-antagonistic conflicts can be solved by a discussion.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

According to Mao the conflict between laborers and workers and capitalists is an antagonistic conflict whereas the Chinese people's conflict with the Party is a non-antagonistic conflict.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

In 1956 Mao introduced a new political policy in which the intelligentsia could issue their opinions as kompromis against the Party which suppressed it because it wanted to avoid cruel oppression accompanied by the motto: “Let a hundred flowers flourish and a hundred minds that variously compete.”


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

But ironically this political policy failed: the intelligentsia was dissatisfied and issued many criticisms.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Mao himself argued that he had been betrayed by them and he took revenge.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Some 700,000 members of the intelligentsia were arrested and told to work forced in rural areas.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Mao believed in an eternal revolution of his nature.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

He also believed that any revolution inevitably produced counter-revolutionaries.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

He therefore regularly eradicated and arrested what he considered his political opponents and traitors or counter-revolutionaries.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

The most dramatic and heartbreaking event was the Cultural Revolution that occurred in 1966.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

The 1960s was the season college students around the world rebelled against what they considered The Establishment or the governing people.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Similarly, in China.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

The difference in China they were supported by their lecturers and Party exalters including Mao himself.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

The students and lecturers founded the so-called Red Guard, which is a paramilitary unit.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Equipped with Mao's Red Book, they attacked the minions of capitalism and Western influences as well as other counter-revolutionaries.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

As an example of their fanaticism, they, among others, refuse to stop on the highway when a red light is on because they argue that the color red, which is a symbol of socialism is unlikely to interpret something that stops.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

So the members of the Red Guard in 1966 were so blindly in eradicating the counter-revolutionaries that the Chinese state was in a very precarious state and almost destroyed; the econominywas off the road.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Eventually Mao was forced to bring down the People's Liberation Army to tackle them and stem their fanaticism.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

The result was a civil war that only ended in 1968.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Mao's failure In 1958 Mao launched what he called the Deep Leap Forward in which rural areas were completely reorganized.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Everywhere were established village assemblies (communes).


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Economically it turns out that this all failed.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

These communes became too large and untangible units.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

It is estimated that approximately nearly 20 million people of China were killed in vain [3].


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong and the United Nations of the People's Republic of China since being proclaimed by Mao in 1949 are not recognized by the United States.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

The United States still recognizes the Nationalist Republic of China which since 1949 has only controlled the island of Formosa or Taiwan and its surroundings.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

China, which since the establishment of the United Nations in 1945 has been a permanent member of the Security Council along with the United States, Great Britain, France and the Soviet Union (Russia) as the winners of World War II, are still represented as well.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

The only one that represents is the nationalist government that now rules Taiwan alone.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

This is strange because mainland China which was around 800 million inhabitants was not represented at the United Nations; it represented only Taiwan alone, which was probably not more than 10 million inhabitants.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

So at the end of the 1960s the president of the United States, Richard Nixon, began to approach the People's Republic of China and finally with the approval of the USSR RRT became a member of the UN Security Council starting in 1972 and replaced Taiwan.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

The legacy of Mao and the current People's Republic of China In 1976 Mao Zedong died.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

After that the People's Republic of China became more and more open.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Normalization of diplomatic relations with Indonesia also materialized in 1992.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

At this time China appeared as a giant that just woke up from its slumber and economic growth was rapid.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

Even China can surpass Russia in its development.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

The thing that is being argued now is whether this can all be achieved thanks to Mao's services or because his influence has been thin.


Question: What was Mao Zedong's illness when he died?

Mao Zedong

See also Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) Sun Yat Sen Footnotes Outside links || UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of birth missing {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1976}} ||LIVING =( living people)}} | #default =1893 births}}]] [[Category: {subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1976}} || LIVING people|| | UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of death missing | #default =1976 deaths}}]] Category:Chinese Philosophers Category:Politicians Communist Party of China Category:President of the People's Republic of China Category:Chinese Politicians Category:100 Figures according to Michael H. Hart Category:Cold War Leaders


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Salikin Mardi Hardjo (Malang, 1910 - Tongar, Aia Gadang, Pasaman, West Pasaman, West Sumatra, June 1993) was a Surinamese Javanese figure who in 1930 wrote a number of articles under pseudonyms that peeled about colonial rule in Suriname and the style of how porters contracted Java is treated.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

At the same time he proposed to bring them back to Indonesia.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

In 1954, he returned with his family and led thousands of Javanese in the KM Langkas boat to Sumatra and lived in Tongar, which is now entered West Pasaman Regency.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Childhood in Java Salikin Hardjo was the son of Doelbasah, known as Doel, who was only 14 years older.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Doel understands that inheritance and hard work are ways to achieve prosperity.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

He attended school and opened a clock repair shop.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

The family was buffeted by financial problems so Doel pitted fate by playing dice.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Until the birth of his 3rd child, a female, he stopped gambling.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

After his daughter died, Doel also asked a shaman for advice.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

The shaman said that the family should leave as quickly as possible from East Java, westward.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

The family went through a number of different areas in Java, until Doel's meeting with an old comrade who informed him that he had broken off a 5-year contract in Suriname.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Doel decides to do the same with his family.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Moengo On February 4, 1920, Hardjo's family arrived in Semarang along with 700 others to sail to Suriname.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Doel and his comrade Saman, an electrician, are put to work in Moengo, where their power is needed in the newly opened bauxite industry.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Doel lives as a mechanic at home for a family that is better than in Java, opposite of untrained workers, who live in long barracks without privacy or hygiene.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Salikin learned to count and read-write Javanese from his father.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

When the Moravian Church sent teachers to Moengo, he went for the first time to a real primary school.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

There he graduated satisfactorily in the age of 16.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

After the expiration of his 5-yearly contract, Doel signed a contract for another year.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

It gets bonuses and a free return trip to Java.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Salikin's sister named Samioen later told that Doel again wanted to play dice and the family was again facing financial problems.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Paramaribo In 1926, the family lived in Paramaribo.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Salikin Hardjo continued to apprentice at the blacksmith's workplace until he got the opportunity to continue his education to MULO.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

In 1930, he graduated satisfactorily, and became one of the best learned Javanese in Suriname in those days.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

He was troubled at his job but developed a widespread interest over the political and economic circumstances in the country.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

From an apprenticeship as a seter in a printing office he flourished.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

He gained the post of daily lead in the set room and developed an interest in journalism.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

He followed debates and political news from the Netherlands.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

From newspapers from the Dutch East Indies, he also read the development of the national movement in his hometown, and he shared Soekarno's ideas.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Another printing office, Heyde, printed De Banier van Waarheid en Recht (The Ensign of Truth and Law).


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Bok Sark Between the years 1932-1935, De Banier van Waarheid en Recht published a letter from a Javanese woman, Bok Sark.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

She stated that she was on the estate along with her husband and wrote about a certain amount of violence there.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

The government is trying to find who he really is.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

This remained obscure until early 1990.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Daily Mutyama reviewed in its 2nd issue of November 1990 over the woman and published her letters separately.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

On the provocation, a discussion was held at the Suriname Weekkrant (Suriname Sunday Newspaper).


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

One participant in the discussion was Klaas Breunissen.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

In 2001, he published a book containing the life history of Salikin Hardjo.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Eventually it was revealed, that the Bok Sark was none other than Salikin Hardjo himself.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Anton de Kom In 1933, Anton de Kom arrived in Suriname.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

In a short time, there came a number of Javanese groups for advice.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

His arrest caused massive rallies.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

The colonial government launched gunfire in the direction of the time circling the liberated De Kom, and a number of people were killed as a result of that event.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Hardjo judged that the Javanese's hope of returning to his homeland and his mystical feelings would move them.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

From this inspired De Kom “the real king of Java who has adapted to the color of black skin, and the Javanese will be brought back to his hometown”.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Salikin and his brother Samioen are somewhat skeptical here.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

In their opinion, no one can return along unfavorable circumstances.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Indonesische Islamitische Vereniging In 1932, it was formed Indonesische Islamitische Vereniging (Indonesian Islamic Association).


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

The organization attracts many members.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

With the donation, the mosque was built with the Qibla direction to the east because Makkah is located in the east of Suriname.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

However, Javanese who come from Java remain prayers by facing west.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Salikin Hardjo wrote to the Dutch consulate in Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) for his belief about the right direction chosen.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

The consulate is confirming that.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

In 1935 the mosque was built and became the first with a qibla direction to the east in Suriname.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Impercepahaman ended the history of Islamitische Vereniging, and until now, the Javanese Muslims of Suriname were split into 2 groups with their respective Qibla direction.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Hardjo lost interest in the association and turned attention to politics.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

In 1940, he co-founded PBIS (Indonesian Nation Movement of Suriname, Beweging van de Indonesische Bevolking in Suriname).


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

PBIS was later renamed as KTPI under the chairmanship of Iding Soemita, a talented orator who promised to bring back the Javanese to the Dutch East Indies.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

According to Breunissen, 'Hardjo sidelined reality, and Soemita allowed people to dream'.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Hardjo illusion continues, especially when members of KTPI and PBIS face each other.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

KTPI defeated the strengthened PBIS with elections in May 1949.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Hardjo decided to return to Indonesia.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Returning to Indonesia After conferences in Indonesia in 1951 (where Iding Soemita also acted as delegate) and 1953 and persipan from the Netherlands, Hardjo returned with his family and also thousands of other Javanese on a specially chartered KM Langkuas boat bound for Sumatra and dwelt in Tongar, West Sumatra.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

With their hard work they built society but interrupted due to the PRRI incident in Sumatra between 1957-1959.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Many went from that village to other places, for example to Duri which there was the oil company Caltex Pacific Oil Company (now Chevron Pacific Indonesia), Padang which there was Portland Cement, and to Jakarta.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

In 1967, the village was expanded by the presence of a number of transmigrants from Java.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

The redevelopment proceeded and in 1988 the 'village of Suriname' was declared the most developed village in Sumbar.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

From his younger generation, there have sprung doctors, engineers, entrepreneurs, and also the former Indonesian ambassador to the United States.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Hardjo remained in Tongar until his death in July 1993.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

One of the founders of the village, J. W. Kariodimedjo, who opened the first State Representative of the Republic of Indonesia in Suriname, also participated in Indonesia until he reached high office in Pertamina and lived in Yogyakarta.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

Source Breunissen K. Ik heb Suriname altijd liefgehad: Het leven van de Javaan Salikin Hardjo, Leiden, KITLV Uitgeverij, 2001.


Question: What is the first article written by Salikin Mardi Hardjo?

Salikin Hardjo

ISBN 90-6718-183-8 {{subst: #if:hardJo, Salikin|}} [[Category: {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1910}} || UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of birth missing {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1993}} ||LIVING =( living people)}} | #default =1910 births} [] [] Category: {{subst: #switch: {{subst:uc:1993}} || LIVING =Living people| UNKNOWN | MISSING =Year of death missing | #default =1993 deaths}}] Category:Surinamese Politicians Category:Figures from Malang


Question: What are the main features of the genus Cydonia?

Camellia sinensis

Camellia sinensis is a tea plant, a plant species whose leaves and leaf shoots are used to make tea.


Question: What are the main features of the genus Cydonia?

Camellia sinensis

This plant belongs to the genus Camellia (Chinese:花; Pinyin:cháhuā), a genus of flowering plants of the family Theaceae.


Question: What are the main features of the genus Cydonia?

Camellia sinensis

White tea, green tea, oolong tea, black tea (or red tea) are all produced from processed leaves of this species, but are processed differently to obtain different levels of oxidation.


Question: What are the main features of the genus Cydonia?

Camellia sinensis

Kukicha (twig tea) is also harvested from Camellia sinensis, but wears no leaves but rather twigs.


Question: What are the main features of the genus Cydonia?

Camellia sinensis

The name sinensis in Latin means Chinese.


Question: What are the main features of the genus Cydonia?

Camellia sinensis

Whereas Camellia is taken from the Latin name of Reverend Georg Kamel, S.J (1661 - 1706), a Czech-born priest who became a botanist and missionary.


Question: What are the main features of the genus Cydonia?

Camellia sinensis

Although Kamel neither discovered nor named this plant, Carolus Linnaeus, creator of the taxonomic system still used today, chose the name in tribute to Kamel's contributions to science.


Question: What are the main features of the genus Cydonia?

Camellia sinensis

Old names for this tea plant are Thea bohea, Thea sinensis, and Thea viridis.


Question: What are the main features of the genus Cydonia?

Camellia sinensis

Description Camellia sinensis originated in mainland South and Southeast Asia, but has now been cultivated worldwide, both tropical and subtropical regions.