Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Emperor Yuan was a relative emperor rather than a basket-eye, but he had two favorite concubines besides Empress Wang—Empress Fu () and Empress Feng Yuan (), each giving birth giving him one son.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Empress Wang apparently tried to maintain good relations with both, and she was largely successful, at least as far as Empress Feng was concerned.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

However, a tussle between Empress Wang and Empress Fu over their sons' heir status would erupt.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

As Crown Prince Ao grew up, Emperor Yuan became increasingly unhappy with his fitness as heir to the empire and was impressed with Counselor Fu's son, Prince Liu Kang of Shanyang (山陽王).


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Several incidents led to this situation.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

One occurred in 35 BC, when Emperor Yuan's youngest brother, Prince Liu Jing of Zhongshan (中山王) died, Emperor Yuan became angry when he felt that Crown Prince Ao was not grieving enough — especially since Prince Ao and Jing had in common ages and grew up together as friends play — and show insufficient respect to Prince Jing.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

The head of Prince Ao's household, Shi Dan (), a relative of Emperor Yuan's grandmother and a senior official respected by Emperor Yuan, managed to convince Emperor Yuan that Crown Prince Ao was seeking to stop Emperor Yuan himself from frivolity, but the seed of the discontent sprinkled.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

As the princes got bigger, a few things further added to Emperor Yuan's affection for Prince Kang.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

They shared affection and skill in music — specifically in playing the drums.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Prince Kang also showed high intelligence and perseverance, while Crown Prince Ao was known for his drinking and basket-eyes.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

When Emperor Yuan became ill around 35 BC — an illness from which he would not recover — Empress Fu and Prince Kang were often summoned to his bed to care for him, while Empress Wang and Crown Prince Ao were rarely located.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

In his illness, apparently encouraged by Empress Fu, Emperor Yuan reconsidered whether he should make Prince Kang his heir.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Only Shi Dan's intercourse led Emperor Yuan to stop the thought.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

When Emperor Yuan died in 33 BC, Crown Prince Ao ascended the throne (as Emperor Cheng).


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Queen Mother After Emperor Yuan's death and Emperor Cheng's accession, Empress Wang became an empress dowager.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Prince Kang, as was usual with imperial princes, was sent to rule his principality — now in Dingtao ().


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Although Empress Fu and Prince Kang nearly launched a coup, Empress Wang and Emperor Cheng harbored no grudges, and, against the advice of officials who feared that Prince Kang would be the subject of a conspiracy, Emperor Cheng frequently summoned Prince Kang to the capital Chang'an to Extended visits.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

As an empress widow, Empress Dowager Wang was kind but very indulgent to her sons and siblings.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Emperor Cheng strongly trusted his uncles (Empress Wang's brothers) and placed them in important roles in government.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

In addition to Wang Feng, who inherited his father's title as Markis Yangping, Empress Wang's six siblings were made markis, breaking the rules set by Emperor Gao, the founder of the dynasty, who had decided that only those who had contributed to the empire in ways substantially can be made markis.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Several (Wang Feng, Wang Shang (王), and Wang Gen (王)), in addition to Empress Dowager Wang's cousin, Wang Yin (王), served successively as commander-in-chief of the armed forces and were in effective control of the administration.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

After Wang Gen, the niece of Empress Dowager Wang, Wang Mang served in the same role.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Wang Feng, 33 BC — 22 BC Wang Yin, 22 BC — 15 BC Wang Shang, 15 BC — 12 BC Wang Gen, 12 BC — 8 BC Wang Mang, 8 BC — 7 BC Wangsa Wang, while not corrupt in general and apparently actually trying to help emperors, was mostly concerned with expanding their power and not with the best interests of the empire when selecting officials for various posts, and this caused continual breakdowns in the administration of Emperor Cheng, who sometimes considered modifying these power structures but always failed to do so.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

For example, in 24 BC, at the suggestion of Wang Zhang (王, unrelated to Wang's clan), Emperor Cheng considered replacing Wang Feng with the highly respected official Feng Yewang (王), the brother of his father's concubine Empress Feng.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

When Wang Feng realized this, Empress Dowager Wang became dejected, and in response Emperor Cheng executed Wang Zhang and relieved Feng Yewang of his post without accusations of wrongdoing.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Emperor Cheng's Succession Problem was a playboy with many favorites.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

His first favorite was Empress Xu (appointed 31 BC), from the clan of his slain grandmother, Emperor Xuan's first wife.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

He also liked Empress Ban.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

However neither Empress Xu or Concubine Ban gave him offspring, and worried by having grandchildren as heirs, Empress Dowager Wang publicly encouraged Emperor Cheng to take more concubines, but such still did not result in the birth of an heir.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

However in about 19 BC, when Emperor Cheng visited Princess Yang'a (陽阿公), he became enamored with showgirls Zhao Feiyan () and his adinese Zhao Hede () and made them his concubines, and they became more favored than Empress Xu and Empress Ban.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

In 18 BC, Zhao sisters were accused by Empress Xu and Empress Ban of practicing witchcraft; Empress Xu was deposed, and while Empress Ban successfully pleaded her case, she did not want to return to the same environment and instead became a dayang to Empress Dowager Wang.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Emperor Cheng then wanted to make Zhao Feiyan an empress, but Empress Dowager Wang complained about her low birth status and previous job as a showgirl; she eventually gave up on her son's hopes in 16 BC, but he was never happy with Zhao sisters.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Neither Zhao sister nor Emperor Cheng's other favorite, Concubine Li, also bore him a son.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

In 9 BC, still without an heir, Emperor Cheng apparently planned to make his younger brother Prince Liu Xing Zhongshan (中山王) or his nephew Prince Liu Xin of Heze (王, son of Prince Kang) his heir.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Emperor Cheng became convinced that Prince Xin was more capable, and at the same time, Prince Xin's ancestral grandmother, Concubine Fu lavished Zhao sisters and Wang Gen with lavish gifts, so Zhao sisters and Wang Gen both praised Prince Xin as well.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Emperor Cheng made Prince Xin his crown prince in 8 BC.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Emperor Cheng died suddenly in 7 BC, apparently from a stroke (though historians also report a possible overdose of an aphrodisiac given to him by Empress Zhao Hede).


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Soon there were many rumors that he had in fact had concubines who bore him sons, but that their sons and mothers were killed by Empress Zhao Hede (out of jealousy) and possibly Emperor Cheng himself.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Grieving for her husband and apparently fearing reprisals, Empress Zhao Hede committed suicide.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Crown Prince Xin ascended the throne as Emperor Ai.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

A report by officials commissioned by Empress Dowager Wang ended in 6 BC that Emperor Cheng had two sons—one born to Empress Cao in 12 BC and one born to Concubine Xu (a relative of Empress Xu who was dismissed) in 11 BC.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

However, his two sons were murdered in their infancy by the orders of Empress Zhao Hede, with at least the tacit approval of Emperor Cheng, who was enamored of him; Concubine Cao was forced to commit suicide after her son was murdered.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

In response, apparently at the urging of Empress Dowager Wang, Emperor Ai removed the markist titles of the Zhao family sisters and exiled them; only Empress Zhao Feiyan survived (for the time being).


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Queen Mother When Emperor Ai ascended the throne, Empress Dowager Wang received her most recognizable title — Empress Dowager Wang.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Initially, in honor of him, Emperor Ai, while cementing his own power base, left Wang's venants, including Wang Mang, largely in the posts they entered.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

However, the influence of Emperor Ai's grandmother Concubine Fu will soon be shown


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Empress Fu was dissatisfied with the title of Dingtao's Dowager Princess; instead, she also wanted to become empress widow.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Empress Dowager Wang was willing to let her have the title, and it was by her decree that Empress Fu was also given the title of Empress Dowager (with distinction — Fu had a unique title, no longer in use, Ditaitaihou (太太) compared to Wang's ordinary title Taihuangtaihou (太太)); in the same way, Emperor Ai's mother Concubine Ding was also granted the title of Queen mother (Ditaihou, 太; cf. Zhao Feiyan title of Huangtaihou, 太).


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Empress Fu was dissatisfied with the title, however, doing everything she could to control the administration of her grandson.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Part of his agenda involved the removal of Wang's wangsa from the government.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Empress Dowager Wang had no desire to compete with Fu, however, and voluntarily ordered Wang's family members to resign and hand over power to the wangsa Fu and Ding.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

His humility and willingness to produce greatly impressed the people and officials in the government, and as Emperor Ai's inprowess became apparent, the people and the officials—most of whom opposed the Wangs during the reign of Emperor Cheng—all clamored for restore Wang's wangsa.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

This longing came in part from a thorough miscarriage of justice done by Empress Fu in 6 BC when she, still harboring grudges from her struggle with her former romantic lover Empress Feng Yuan (who at the time was the Widow Princess Zhongshan and grandmother of Prince Liu Jizi of Zhongshan), by falsely accusing Empress Feng of practicing witchcraft, forcing her to commit suicide, and executing and exiling a large number of her family.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

In response, in 2 BC, Emperor Ai summoned Wang Mang to the capital to present before Empress Dowager Wang.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

In 1 BC, Emperor Ai died without heirs, and this left the imperial household in turmoil — in which Queen Mother Wang would play an important role.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Wang Mang's usurpation When Emperor Ai died, his male favorite (commonly believed to be a homosexual lover) Dong Xian and was the most powerful official in the government, and there was great uncertainty what would happen next.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

It is at this time that Queen Mother Wang will play the most important role in her life.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

He decides to proceed immediately to the imperial court and seize the imperial seal and summon Dong.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

His move shocked Dong, and he was paralyzed and unable to act.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Empress Dowager Wang summoned Wang Mang to the palace as well and transferred command of the imperial guards from Dong to Wang Mang.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Dong, fearing what would happen next, committed suicide.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Wang Mang soon moved to remove all obstacles to power, but at the same time maintained the appearance of loyalty to the Han Dynasty.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

With the approval of Empress Dowager Wang, he removed the predators Fu and Ding from the government, and without his knowledge, he defused empress Fu and Ding.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Empress Dowager Wang then summoned her remaining son Prince Jizi to the throne, as Emperor Ping.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

During Emperor Ping's reign, Wang Mang served as the penku to the throne, with the support of Empress Dowager Wang.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

When in his presence, he did all he could to convince him of his loyalty to the Han Dynasty and also flatter him, but at the same time continued to purge the government of potential enemies and called on his colleagues to use propaganda to create an aura of holiness about him. In year 1, convinced of her nephew's loyalty, Empress Dowager Wang created him Duke of Anhan (安公, literally “Duke who secured Han”) —although there had not previously been a single duke made in Han history.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

In year 2, when choosing an empress for Emperor Ping, Empress Dowager Wang initially ordered that the girls of Wang's wangsa be excluded, but Wang Mang soon mobilized a mass of petitioners to besiege the palace, urging her to make her daughter empress.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Empress Dowager Wang relented and chose Wang Mang's daughter to be Emperor Ping's consort, and she was created as such in year 4.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

In 3 other major events occurred which greatly increased Wang Mang's power.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Wang Mang's son, Wang Yu (王), dissatisfied with his father's dictatorship rule, conspired with Emperor Ping's maternal uncle, Wangsa Wei, against Wang Mang.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

When their conspiracy was discovered, Wang Mang not only executed Wang Yu and Wei (except Concubine Wei), but also used this opportunity to accuse many potential political enemies as part of the conspiracy and to execute or exile them.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

This included even his own handmaiden, Wang Li (王), whom he forcibly committed suicide by falsifying an edict from Empress Dowager Wang, from whom he hid the truth (and said that Wang Li died of illness).


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Wang Mang made Empress Dowager Wang feel as if she was in control of the situation, however, by arranging for her to periodically survey the area around the capital Chang'an to reward people with money and goods and to visit orphans and widows.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

She also honed herself by building an impressive temple to her husband, Emperor Yuan.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

In year 5, Wang Mang poisoned Emperor Ping after worrying that Emperor Ping would take revenge for Wang Mang executing his payroll.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

He also began raising the façade of allegiance to Han in the Grand Empress Wang's widow, effectively forcing her to give him the title of acting emperor () against his wishes and to approve the election of Liu Ying, an excellent -grandson of Emperor Xuan, as the new emperor (). Ruzi).


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

In 8, Wang Mang seized the throne and established the Xin Dynasty.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

When he requested Empress Dowager Wang surrender the imperial seal, she initially refused, but eventually relented.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Wang Mang's reign Wang Mang initially wanted to abolish the title of Grand Empress Wang and grant her a new title, but she soon indicated that she was deeply offended by his suggestion.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

In response, he retained his title but gave him an additional one — Wenmu (文), implying that he was one of the founders of his dynastic.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

He never recognized the new dynasty, and when Wang Mang changed the calendar and holidays as well as the uniforms of imperial household servants, he ordered his paddlers to continue observing the Han calendar and wear Han uniforms.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

He tries to satisfy her needs earnestly to try to please him, but his attempts fail.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Around year 12, Wang Mang destroyed Emperor Yuan's temple and built another temple, intended for the Dowager Queen Mother Wang after her death.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

When she learned that her husband's temple had been destroyed, she was very sad and cursed Wang Mang.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

When she found out that her husband's temple had been destroyed, she was very sad and cursed Wang Mang.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

He died in the spring of year 13, and Wang Mang dined him in the same tomb as Emperor Yuan, but dug a trench between him and Emperor Yuan.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Family Wangsa Liu Husband: Emperor Yuan Han Child: Emperor Cheng Han ∞ Empress Xu & Empress Xiaocheng (Empress Mother Zhao) Concubine Husband: Empress Fu (Empress Dowager Grand Empress Fu) Liu Kang, Prince Gong of Heze ∞ Empress Ding (Empress Dowager Ding) Liu Xin, Emperor Ai of Han ∞ Empress Xiaoai Husband: Empress Feng (Princess Dowager Zhongshan) Liu Xing, Prince Xiao Zhongshan ∞ Empress Wei (Widow Princess Zhongshan) Liu Kan, Emperor Ping Han ∞ Empress Xiaoping Wangsa Wang 1 Brother: Wang Feng, Markis Yangping 2 Brothers: Wang Man, Markis Ai of Xindu Wang Mang ∞ Empress Xiaomu Empress Xiaoping ∞ Emperor Ping 3 Brothers: Wang Tan, Markis An of Ping'a 4 Brothers: Wang Chong, Markis Gong of Ancheng 5 Brothers: Wang Sheung, Markis Chengdu Jincheng 6 Brothers: Wang Li, Markis Fang of Hongyang 7 Brothers: Wang Jin, Markis Yang of Quyang 8 Brothers: Wang Fengshi, Markis Dai of Hongyang 7 Brothers: Wang Jin, Markis Yang of Quyang 8 Brothers: Wang Fengshi, Markis Dai of Hongyang Gaoping Reference Notes Works citation CS1 Maintenance: Unknown language (link) == Next reading == Yep, Joseph P. (2009).


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Wars With The Xiongnu, A Translation from Zizhi tongjian.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

AuthorHouse, Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A. ISBN978-1-4490-0604-4978-1-4490-0604-4.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Chapters 11-16.


Question: Where was Concubine Fu born?

Wang Zhengjun

Category:Death 13 Category:Women of the 1st Century BC Category:Empress of the Han Dynasty


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

Classical Malay literature began in the 16th century AD.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

Since then until now the style of language has not changed much.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

The first document written in classical Malay was a letter from the king of Ternate, Sultan Abu Hayat to king João III in Portugal and signed in 1521 AD.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

The list of Malay literary forms Gurindam Gurindam is a single form of old Malay poetry consisting of two lines of sentences with the same final cadence, which is a single whole unit.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

The first line contains some kind of question, problem or agreement and the second line contains the answer or the result of the problem or agreement in the first line.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

Gurindam Lama example: Pabila many denounces people That is a sign of himself lacking With the mother should be respectful so that the body can survive Gurindam Twelve Gurindam set by Raja Ali Haji of Riau Islands.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

Named Gurindam Twelve because it contains 12 chapters, among others about worship, duty of king, obligation of children to parents, parents' duties to children, pekerti and community life.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

Hikayat Hikayat is one form of prose literature that contains stories, stories, fairy tales and history.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

Generally tells about the greatness and heroism of a person complete with strangeness, justice and miracles of the main character.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

One of the popular wisdom in Riau is Yong Dolah.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

Karmina Karmina or known as pantun kilat is a pantun consisting of two lines.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

The first line represents the trunk and the second line is the fill.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

Has a straight rhyme pattern (a-a).


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

Usually used to convey satire or expression directly.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

Example Already aloe sandalwood also already know still asking Pantun Pantun is a kind of poem consisting of 4 lines of stomping a-b-a-b, a-b-b-a, a-a-b-b.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

The first two lines constitute a sampiran, which is generally about nature (flora and fauna); the last two lines constitute the contents, which is the purpose of the mantun. 1 line consists of 4-5 words, 8-12 syllables.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

Example Pantun Kayu sandalwood on a stone Already tied brought home The world's custom is so Bad objects are wasted Seloka Seloka is a form of classical Malay poetry, containing a proverb and a parable containing senda gurau, satire and even mockery.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

Usually written four lines using the form of pantun or verse, sometimes can also be found a piece of tape written more than four lines. Seloka example more than 4 lines: Good budi emak si Randang Dagang then tenanted No woody house is torn down Children go home starving children diangku laid Apes in the forest suckled Syair Syair is a poem or garland in bound form that attaches importance to rhyme rhythm.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

It usually consists of 4 lines, rhythmically aaaa, all four lines contain the meaning or intent of the poet (in pantun, the last 2 lines containing intent).


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

Syair is of Arabic origin.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

Talibun Talibun is a kind of old poem like pantun because it has sampiran and contents, but more than 4 lines (ranging from 6 lines to 20 lines).


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

Rhythmic abc-abc, abcd-abcd, abcde-abcde, and so on.


Question: When was Bebandung written?

Malay literature

Sample Talibun: If the child goes to Yu week buy shopping buy long fish buy first If the child goes to walk Mom find sanakpun looking for Semang first search Other Other Book of Thousand Problems See also Malay Literature


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

The Hongwu Emperor (Hanzi: 武,), whose real name was Zhu Yuanzhang (元), was the founder and first emperor of the Ming Dynasty in China.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

He became emperor and established his dynasty after successfully overthrowing the Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In Chinese history, Zhu Yuanzhang was one of two emperors who came from the commoners (the other being Liu Bang/Han Emperor Gaozu, the founder of the Han Dynasty).


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

He was a controversial emperor, on the one hand he cared for the welfare of his people and tried hard to improve their living standards, but he was also a tyrant who castrated freedom and killed those who helped him rise to power suspected of potentially seizing his throne.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

A short biography of Zhu was born in Fengyang, Anhui Province from a poor peasant family by the name of Zhu Chongba ().


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In his youth worked as a cattle herder.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Because of the apprehension of roasting and eating the cattle, the master fired it.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Once an outbreak of disease struck his village and claimed the lives of his parents and siblings.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Later he became a monk at Huangjue Temple only to live amidst the famine disaster at that time.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

It was at the monastery that he began to learn to read and write, but shortly afterwards the monastery was closed due to lack of funds so he had to live fleetingly again as a beggar.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Amid the anti-Mongol wave that was then rife in China, Zhu joined the Red Serban Rebellion, an anti-Yuan rebellion group based on a mixture of religious teachings such as Buddhism, Zoroaster, and other religions.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

It works under the command of Guo Zixing.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Thanks to his prowess, in a short time he has got an important position in the group.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Since then he changed his name to Zhu Yuanzhang.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Zhu was married to Guo's adopted daughter, Ma Xiuying (later to become Ming's first empress).


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

He was in frequent contact with Confucian scholars and landlords, from them he gained lessons on how to govern the country, while from the Red Serban group he learned much about the military.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Zhu began to abandon Budhism and turn to Confucian and neo-Confucian teachings.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

The poor boy who was once a monk, a beggar, and a thief has now been transformed into an anti-Yuan rebel leader whose reputation is well known throughout the country.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

His Kharisma attracts talented people from all over the country to work for him.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In 1356 he made Yingtian (now Nanjing) his base.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

His first step was to conquer fellow anti-Yuan leaders who were rivals and unite southern China, after which only faced the Mongols.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In 1363, he defeated Chen Youliang, his greatest rival in unifying China, in the Battle of Lake Poyang.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Then followed in 1367 defeated Zhang Shicheng in Suzhou.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

With the slogan “banish the Mongols and restore the glory of China” he won the support of the Han who indeed hated the Mongols who had colonized them for a century less. sunny) and Nanjing was the capital of his kingdom.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In July of the same year, he sent Xu Da, his right hand as well as his best friend, to storm the Yuan capital, Dadu (present-day Beijing) and successfully forced the last Yuan emperor, Emperor Shun of Yuan, to flee north.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

China was again controlled by the Han people under the banner of the Ming Dynasty.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Reigns Under Hongwu rule, the Mongol bureaucrats were removed from government and replaced by Han people.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

He improved the royal examination system to select state officials and civil servants based on merit and knowledge regarding literature and philosophy.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Candidates for civil and military servants had to pass the royal examinations.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

The Confucius who were marginalized during the Yuan Dynasty for nearly a century could again play a role in government.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

To consolidate his political power and give rest to a people already saturated with war during the late Yuan Dynasty he encouraged the cultivation of barren and barren land.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Smallholders receive a fair division of land, this is intended so that they can support themselves and their families independently.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In 1370, he lowered the order to divvy up land in Anhui and Hunan to young peasants who had reached adulthood with the aim of preventing land attainment by landlords, it was also asserted that the status of the land could not be transferred.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In the middle of his reign was issued a policy whose contents mentioned that those occupying barren and barren land could have it as a personal right without being taxed.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

This policy was warmly welcomed by the people.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Within 25 years alone, the cultivated land expanded by quadrupling and the population increased from seven million to roughly 60 million.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

With adequate food supplies, other sectors such as small industries, paper making, printing, mining, and shipbuilding also developed.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

China at that time had 33 large industrial and trade cities, international trade was growing rapidly.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

What a great achievement surpassing the dynasties never achieved before.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Thus laid a staunch foundation for 300 years of Ming Dynasty rule.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

His background from the lower class led him to understand the plight of peasants who were oppressed by landlords, nobles and rich people.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In previous times, peasants depended on local officials who not only violated their rights, but also exercised them through their subordinate officials who extorted and increased their burdens.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

To address the dirty practice, Hongwu implemented a system known as 'yellow recording' and 'fish scale recording'.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Both systems guarantee the income of the state treasury from land taxes and people's ownership of private property rights.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In 1372, Hongwu ordered the release of common people who were made slaves at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. 14 years later he also ordered his officials to ransom children from Hunan who were forced to sell by their parents as a result of the famine disaster that hit the area.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Under his reign the living standards of the people had increased.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Military field Although the Mongols have been expelled from China, they are still a threat on the northern frontier.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Therefore for him the building of military power is very important and must take precedence for the sake of guarding the borders.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

He decided the confucian teaching view that the military class was lower than the civilian officials of the scholars should be reviewed.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In his time, a powerful and well-organized military system was formed, known as the Weiso system similar to the Fuping system of the Tang Dynasty.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Politically this sitem aims to keep the military strong but prevent personal ties between the commander and his soldiers Soldiers' training is held in their respective military districts.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

When it was necessary to fight the unity of all parts of the country would be called and under the command of a council of war, then a commander would be appointed to head them.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Once the war ends, they will be returned to their respective territories and the military power of the commander ends.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

This prevented a recurrence of problems such as in the late days of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten States Age where the military commanders had too great power so they tended to abuse it for personal benefit and correct military weaknesses on the time of the Song Dynasty in which the military was too restrained by the central government so the warring strategy became rigid and inefficient.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

The Hongwu Emperor realized the severity of the burden to feed warriors in such large numbers, with this Weiso system the military force was maintained without overburdening the people.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Hongwu ordered a massive construction to strengthen the defenses at the Great Wall.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

This construction continued until several subsequent Ming emperors so that the Great Wall that stands today is largely the result of reconstruction during the Ming Dynasty.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Hongwu several times dispatched expeditions to overcome disturbances on the northern frontier and his army gained many victories.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In Gansu, they managed to defeat Wang Baobao, but affectionately did not manage to capture him.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In the northeastern region it managed to defeat another Mongol general, Nahachu, and forced him to surrender.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

The political field of History has proven that giving excessive power to the eunuchs often results in a continuing abuse of power in state chaos.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Learning from this experience, Hongwu slashed their numbers and rights.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Eunuchs were forbidden to handle documents and make comments on matters of statehood, they were left illiterate and undereducated to be easily organised.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

His dislike of these eunuchs is expressed in writing in an inscription displayed in the palace which reads, “The eunuch has no right whatsoever to administration”.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

But unfortunately this policy was not very popular during the time of the next emperors, so after his death the eunuchs returned to politics.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In addition to being firm against eunuchs, Hongwu also did not allow the royal family to hold positions in the government.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

This policy remains held by his successors so that no serious problems arise from the intervention of the royal family as has been the case in the past.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In 1380 Hongwu sentenced to death his prime minister, Hu Weiyong, on charges of treason plotting.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

He has since removed the post of prime minister and piled legal, governmental and military powers in his own hands so that he is thus convinced no single group has enough power to overthrow him.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In his place he created a new post called grand secretary whose function was to be mediator between the emperor and the ministers.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In case of the coup attempt, he formed a Brocade Uniform Guards (，Jinyiwei) directly responsible for him.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

The unit consists of special agents scattered all over the country like a cobweb.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

On this secret agent's report, Hongwu sentenced to death the general Lan Yu, who had a share in the founding of the Ming Dynasty, on charges of rebellion.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Soon he also sentenced to death a number of figures who helped him establish the Ming Dynasty which he considered potentially to be his rival.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Besides the downside of his government is shackling freedom.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Criticism directed at him could be considered a violation of the law and fatal.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

The taboos restricting the use of Hanzi characters began in this time.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

For example the character shu (which means prominent), this letter consists of two radicals namely dai (meaning evil) and zhu (clan of the imperial family), so it can be interpreted as evil Zhu.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Anyone caught using this character was considered insulting to the emperor and sentenced to death.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Even using the character tu (meaning denuded) must be careful because it can allude to Hongwu's past who was once a monk.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Scholars are forbidden to think freely and may only write rigid eight-part short stories.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

This is what resulted in China becoming a closed country even though at that time the western nation was starting the Renaissance.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Hongwu's legal field ran his government with an iron hand. He always demanded that all his subordinates to be honest and law-abiding officials.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Against those who corrupt and violate the law he did not hesitate to impose severe punishments, even against his own family such as Prince Zhu Liangzu and his son-in-law, Ouyang Lun who were sentenced to death for corruption.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Once there was an officer of his who was shown to embezzling money was punished by flayed and leather made bags which were then hung in the main hall as a memorial to the others.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

History records during his reign, Hongwu had sentenced to death thousands of corrupt officials.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

The book of statutes drafted during the reign of Hongwu was one of the great achievements of the Ming Dynasty.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

This book of statutes is called Daming Lu (大明).


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Hongwu personally paid great attention in its drafting, to his ministers he ordered that the content of the statute be comprehensive and easy to understand, so as not to leave legal loopholes for dual interpretation by twisting its language.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

These laws were the result of development from the time of the Tang Dynasty in terms of treatment of slaves.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In Tang times, slaves were treated inhumanely like pets only. If they were killed by free citizens, then the murderer would not be sanctioned by law, but during the Ming Dynasty, both slaves and free citizens were protected by law.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Hongwu's religious field was influenced by Confucian views so much that he viewed the merchant profession inferior. They were considered parasites who sucked his fellow.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

For him agriculture was the main source for the welfare of the state (this view was also likely because he himself came from the peasant class).


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

So development during the Ming Dynasty was more emphasized on agriculture.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

But that doesn't mean trade isn't progressing.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Trade nevertheless flourished as the industrial sector grew and the large number of residents took up professions as merchants due to the increasing population and lack of land to cultivate.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

During his reign also he expanded the teachings of Confucius, Confucian scholars got important positions in the government.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

The princes and princesses were also educated by Confucian teachers.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

But he was also tolerant of other religions. Some of his confidant generals who helped establish the Ming Dynasty such as Chang Yuchun, Lan Yu, and Feng Sheng were Hui Muslims.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

The personal life of the first Empress Hongwu, was Empress Ma who was much influential in her life, a wise woman.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Once once Hongwu caught some people who made riddles that insulted Empress Ma and bemaksud sentenced them to death, but the empress gave them forgiveness so that Hongwu released him.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

There is a theory that says Empress Ma's 1382 death affected Hongwu's character to the point of being violently unflappable and easy to punish people to death on trivial grounds.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In addition to Empress Ma, Hongwu also had a number of concubines, some of whom were Korean women, sent to her by King Taejo of Joseon (Yi Seonggye) to mark communion between China and Korea who were also newly breaking away from Mongol influence.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

From the proceeds of his marriage he was gifted dozens of sons and daughters.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

When he died in 1398, he was succeeded by his grandson Zhu Yunwen because his eldest son (Zhu Biao) who was supposed to ascend the throne died young in 1392.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Hongwu had several fake tombs with the aim of preventing destruction by his political opponents and theft by tomb looters.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

His original tomb was only discovered during the Qing Dynasty at Mount Zijin, Nanjing.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

The Hongwu Emperor in popular culture The life story of Hongwu/Zhu Yuanzhang has been made a television series in China, among others, the Legendary Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang (), etc.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

In Jin Yong's martial arts novel, Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre (天， which in Indonesia is better known as the Dragon Slayer Golok), Zhu Yuanzhang is described as an ambitious man and does not hesitate to achieve his goal.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

He joins a rebel group called the Ming Group led by the main figure Zhang Wuji (Tio Buki).


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

At the end of the story before Zhang resigns himself to live with his lover, he hands over the dragon-slaying cleaver and the book of war science hidden in the sword of heaven to Zhu and advises him if he succeeds in defeating the Mongols to perpetuate the name of their group as his dynastic name and being a good emperor, not oppressing the people, and betraying no friends.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

Zhang promised to find and kill him if he deviated from the group's noble cause.


Question: What is the name of the first emperor of Ming Dynasty

Hongwu Emperor

See also List of Ming Dynasty Emperors Reference Fu Chunjiang, “Chinese History: Ancient China to 1911”, Singapore: Asiapac Books, 2005 Lin Shan, “Dragon Tales: China's History from Tang to Qing”, Singapore: Asiapac Books, 2006 Liu Wenyuan, “Tales of the Great Wall”, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1997 Category:Emperor of Ming Dynasty Category:Chinese rebels


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius tarsier (Ghost Beast/Ghost Monkey) is a type of small primate, has a reddish-brown body with a gray skin color, large-eyed with forward-facing ears and has a wide shape.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius is well worth mentioning as a tiny primate because it only has a length of about 10-15 cm with a weight of about 80 grams.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Even the Tarsius pumilus or Pygmy tertiary which is the smallest type of tarsius has only a body length between 93-98 millimeters and a weight of 57 grams.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

The tail length is between 197-205 millimeters. [2]


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

The name Tarsius was taken because of the special physical feature of their bodies, namely the elongated tarsal bones, which form their ankles so that they can jump 3 meters (nearly 10 feet) from one tree to another.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

The tarsius also has a long hairless tail, except at the tip.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Each hand and foot of this animal has five long fingers.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

These fingers have nails, except for the second and third fingers which have claws used for grooming. [2]


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

The most special of Tarsius are his big eyes.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

The size of his eyes is larger compared to the size of his own brain.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

These eyes can be used to see sharply in the dark but otherwise, this animal can barely see during the day.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

The head of Tarsius can rotate nearly 180 degrees both towards the right and towards the left, like an owl.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Their ears can also be moved to detect the presence of prey.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius's habitat (Sulawesi) Tarsius is a nocturnal creature that performs activities at night and sleeps during the day.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Therefore Tarsius hunted at night.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Their most primary prey are insects such as cockroaches, crickets, and sometimes small reptiles, birds, and bats.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Its habitat is in the forests of North Sulawesi to South Sulawesi, as well as in the surrounding islands of Sulawesi such as Suwu, Selayar, and Peleng.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius can also be found in the Philippines.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

In Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi, Tarsius is better known by local people as “balao cengke” or “squat rat” if interpreted in Indonesian.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius tarsiers are found in primary and secondary rainforests, although they prefer secondary growth forests.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

This is likely due to the abundance of food abundance in secondary growth forests.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Their habitats range from lowland evergreen rainforests near sea level to low mountain rainforests to 1500 m.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Spectral tarsius is also found in mangrove forests and shrubs. [(Wright, et al., 2003) 1] As a nocturnal creature that performs activities at night and sleeps during the day, Tarsius unlike most other nocturnal beasts, tarsius does not have light-reflecting regions (tapetum lucidum) in its eyes.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

They also have a fovea, an unusual thing in nocturnal animals. [2]


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius spent most of his life atop a tree.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

These animals mark the trees of their territory area with urine.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius changed places by jumping from tree to tree.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

This animal even sleeps and gives birth by constantly hanging on tree trunks.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius is unable to walk above ground, they jump when on the ground.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Bamboo clumps are used tarsius as beds and shelters (covers), where tarsius builds nests on the bottom of bamboo clumps that are quite tight and protected from possible attacks by predators, for example snakes. [3]


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

At the time of sleep, tarsius occupies the bottom of a clump of bamboo.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

These animals get out of their beds at 6 o'clock in the afternoon, then they forage and return to the bed/nest around 5 o'clock earningday.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

The tarsius bed can be known easily because when exiting the nest, the tarisus gives off a sound as a territory marker, and the same is done when returning to the nest early in the morning.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Occasionally the sound of tarsius can be heard when they are foraging (foraging), capturing the existence of their respective partners.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

In addition, the presence of tarsius in a tree or a clump of bamboo can be known from its very characteristic urine smell. [3]


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Behavior [3] [[Gron, 2010; Gursky, 2002; Gursky-Doyen, 2011; MacKinnon and MacKinnon, 1980 1] 1] A person who goes into the forest, hears the sound of tarsius more often than he sees the satanic itself, because it is only a few people who really know tarsius, let alone the sound of this animal is cursory like the sound of an insect (crit-crit-crit tone..., over and over) or the sound of a little bat flying by night.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius actively forages at night (nocturnal), the main food is various types of insects active at night.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

In addition to insects, tarsius also eats various types of small reptilia as well as small-sized birds goggles (Zosterops sp.).


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

In foraging, the tarsius stalks its prey, while settling slowly, then abruptly with a very rapid movement ambushes its prey by means of both hands holding prey, and both feet helping both hands suppress the prey, until the prey can be fully overpowered.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Like any type of primate, tarsius can perfectly grasp its prey with its hands perfectly because this animal has five fingers and five toes.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

On the middle toe, there is a prominent nail, like a slightly curved tooth that facilitates the tarsius in grasping its prey.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Because tarsius food is various types of insects, these animals are not considered pests by farmers and garden owners around the forest.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius live in pairs or form small groups where in one group there is only one male and an adult female.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

If in one group there are more than two individuals, it is certain that the group consists of adult males and females as well as children who have grown up and still small children who are still weaned by their parents.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Each group of tarsius has a clear area of territory, where the territory can be characterized by its urine and feces as well as its body odor.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Territories are strictly guarded from the entry of other groups of tarsius, where the violation of territory can lead to fights between groups.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

During this time, they often took care of themselves by licking and scratching their fur with their toilet claws.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

In the event of heavy rain, the tarsius finds the area dry and remains dormant.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

They move through trees and can jump over 40 times their body length.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

As morning approaches, the spectral tarsius “sings” as they return to their bed, either as a duet with their partner or in a family choir.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

These songs beckoned to neighbouring groups whose territory was occupied.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius tarsier is highly territorial and engages in disputes with neighbouring groups entering their boundaries.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

They mark their territory with urine and glandular secretions.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius tarsier also engages in play, snuggling, allogrooming, and food sharing behaviors.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Competition for food results in increased foraging time.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Individuals seem to benefit from group life, especially when predation pressures are high, when females are sexually receptive, and when there is a high likelihood of encountering potentially infantic males.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Reproduction The majority of tarsius is monogamous; however, spectral tarsius may practice facultative monogamy or polygyny.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Monogamy appears to be a prevalent mating system in this species due to the limited number of high-grade sleeping sites.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Each of the females needs a high-quality bed for herself and her children.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Fig trees with large diameters are preferred but rare, which are generally used by male and female Tarsius to share beds and thus form monogamous pairs.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Polygynous groups occur 19% of the time.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Monogamous groups often consist of two or three females with one female reproducing and one territorial male, whereas polygynous groups consist of six or more individuals with multiple reproductive females and one male.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

The presence of large testes in T. tarsier suggests that polygyny is quite common, as large testes are associated with random mating systems. [Gursky-Doyen, 2010; MacDonald, 2006 1] Tarsius tarsier breeds twice a year, and copulation occurs in May or November.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

The gestation period is approximately 6 months, and births also usually occur in May or November.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Females give birth to one single offspring, which is born fully hairy and with its eyes open.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Newborns are precocial and able to climb only on one day of age.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Among mammals, the tarsius offspring is the largest relative to the mother's body mass.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

The body weight of newborns averages 23.7 g, almost 22% of the mother's body mass.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Most of their weight is invested in brain, eye, and skull mass.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Lactation generally lasts up to 80 days.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Weaning occurs between the ages of 4 and 10 weeks, and self-sufficiency occurs directly after weaning because offspring are able to hunt on their own.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Spectral tarsius reaches sexual maturity at 17 months of age.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Females have a bicornuate uterus and haemochorial placenta. [Gursky-Doyen, 2010; MacDonald, 2006 1] Food [Gron, 2010; Gursky, 2002; MacDonald, 2006; MacKinnon and MacKinnon, 1980; Shekelle and Salim, 2008 1] They mainly prey on flying insects such as moths, grasshoppers, beetles and crickets.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

They sometimes eat small vertebrates, such as lizards or bats.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius tarsiers listen with their independently moving ears to find potential prey.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Once a prey item is targeted, a tarsius ambushes its prey with a sudden attack, captures it with its long, slender fingers, and bites to kill it.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius then returns to his perch to consume his prey.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

This form of ambush hunting requires good eye-hand coordination.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius tarsiers</i>may collect their prey from the air, on the ground, or off leaves and branches.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius can eat 10% of their own body weight every 24 hours, and they drink water several times throughout the night.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius tarsier appears to make use of moonlight when foraging.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

This is an unusual behavior, as most small nocturnal mammals exhibit lunar phobia as a predator avoidance mechanism.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius overcomes this increased risk of predation by foraging in groups.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsius on Belitung Island [4] Tarsius Bancanus Saltator or in local language Belitung known as “pelilean” is one of the newly discovered types of Tarsius and included in the list of appendix of the world complement of several other types of Tarsius that have previously been identified.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Variations of its species are found also in Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi (Indonesia) as well as the islands of Bohor, Samar, Minlake, and Leyte (Philippines).


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Her wide round eyes and cute nose are very attractive to look at while her small size fits perfectly when in our hands.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

This monkey-like animal feeds on insects that often come out of burnt scrap wood or wood charcoal.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

This Tarsius Bancanus Saltator is a very active and interesting animal with its distinctive features.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Although the body is clad with plumage of grey color, its tail which is approximately 232mm long is almost hairless aka shaven.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

From head to tail it is between 118-149mm long with a weight of 113-142 grams.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

What is impressive about this animal is its large bulging eyes that do not seem to fit in comparison to its tiny body.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

The size of his eye cavity to exceed the size of his brain shell and abdomen. [4]


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

His hands and feet have fingers similar to humans that he uses to perch on trees and his tail is used for balance.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

You can see when his middle finger is creepy and his long fighting bone works like a shock absorber.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

This helped him jump from one limb to the other with ease.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Its head is very similar to an owl's head because of its unique shape and encounter in the middle of its sinuses and skull makes it capable of turning its head 180 degrees.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

The tarsier also has sharp teeth to help it prey on insects during hunting at night.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsiers prefer to live in holes in trees or bamboo roots although it is still possible to find them elsewhere.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

This animal performs a lot of activities at night, although once you can catch it during the day.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Currently Tarsius in Belitung is increasingly threatened by its existence due to destruction in its natural forest habitat.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

The clearing of forest land by being burned, large plantations and illegal logging become culprits decreasing the number of tarsius.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Therefore, we cooperate with GEF and UNEP and Beitung regency strive to make conservation efforts towards Tarsius which is currently focused in the integrated natural tourism place Batu Mentas [5], HL Gunung Sharp, District Badau.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Reference Wright, P., E. Simons, S. Gursky. 2003.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Tarsiers: past, present, and future.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

United States of America: Rutgers University Press.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Gursky, S. 2010.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Dispersal Patterns in Tarsius spectrum.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

International Journal of Primatology, 31:117-131.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

MacDonald, D. 2006.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

The Encyclopedia of Mammals.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

New York: Facts on .Gron Files, K. 2010.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

“Primate Factsheets: Tarsier (Tarsius) Taxonomy, Morphology, & Ecology” (On-line).


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Primate Net Info.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Accessed November 08, 2011 at http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/tarsier/taxon.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Gursky, S. 2002.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

The behavioral ecology of the Spectral tarsier, Tarsius spectrum.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Evolutionary Anthropology, 11:226-234.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

MacKinnon, J., K. MacKinnon. 1980.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

The behaviour of wild spectral tarsiers..


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

International Journal of Primatology, 1 (4): 361-379.


Question: How did Tarsius tarsier multiply?

Tarsius Tarsier

Category:Indonesian Primates Category:Southeast Asian Mammals Category:Tarsius Category:Protected wildlife in Indonesia


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

The Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794 was a series of naval manoeuvres and actions in battle between warships and privateers from the French Republic and a squadron of ships sent by the British East Indies Company to protect trade in the region, then coupled with Dutch warships.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

The campaign progressed as French forces based at Île de France reacted more quickly than British forces in the Indian Ocean to the expansion of the French Revolutionary Wars on 1 February 1793.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Private French warships quickly spread along Britain's trade routes in the Far East, concentrated around the narrow Sunda Strait between Java Island and Sumatra in the Dutch East Indies.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

These ships soon joined the frigates of the French Navy and began to inflict losses on voyagers in the region.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

British Navy forces in the Indian Ocean were deployed elsewhere and thus the British East Indies Company—the private company that controlled British India in the 1790s and took care of their own fleet and navy—mobilised a squadron of merchant ships armed to patrol the Sunda Strait and repel its attackers.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

The arrival of this British force on 2 January 1794 was initially a success, the squadron defeating and captivating two large and well-armed privateers on 22 January, not long after the French ship was dispelled during an attack on the British trading post at Bencoolen.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

On 24 January a battle action against a larger French squadron took place in the strait, but ended floating and the squadron split, Britain receiving the frigate Amazone as reinforcements.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

The French then turned south out of the Sunda Strait and attacked Bencoolen again on 9 February, charming the East India Fleet in port before returning to Île de France with their booty ships.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Background On 1 February 1793, the French Republic declared war on Great Britain and the Dutch Republic, extending the French Revolutionary Wars that had existed.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

It took several months of news regarding the outbreak of war until reaching British India, the message arrived in Kolkata from Consul George Baldwin in Alexandria on 11 June. [1]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

The commander of the United Kingdom's Navy in the region, Commodore William Cornwallis, immediately decided to demand the surrender of French trading posts in India.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Most fell within days, but the main port of Pondicherry resisted, and was besieged from 1 August.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

The siege lasted a month before the French commander surrendered under bombing from British land and naval forces. [2]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

With the French presence eliminated from India, Cornwallis was ordered to return to Europe, leaving little naval forces in the Indian Ocean. [3]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

The Indian Ocean was an important part of Britain's trade relations with the wider British Imperium.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

India was controlled by the British East Indies Company, a commercial organisation that took care of its own land and sea arrow forces in Indian waters and had a large fleet of merchant ships known as the East India Fleet.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

These ships ranged from 400 to 1,500 ton loads (bm), transported up to 30 cannons and were capable under certain conditions as combat warships, although a frigate could usually easily defeat an individual East India Fleet. [4]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

These ships sailed on annual routes from China, the East Indies, or India bringing trade commodities such as spices, tea, or silk to Britain.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

There are commodities sold, and exchanged for general cargo including military equipment and troops for the return journey to the Indian Ocean. [5]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

One of the most important parts of India's trade route was through the Sunda Strait between the islands of Sumatra and Java in the Dutch East Indies, where much of the Chinese and East Indies trade passed through it en route to the Indian Ocean.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

French ships, both Navy warships and commercially-owned privateers, operated along Indian trade routes from their bases on the isolated island of Île de France and were aware of the strategic importance of the Sunda Strait.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

As soon as news of the war arrived at Île de France, French ships spread to the Indian Ocean in search of British and Dutch merchant voyages, gathering in significant numbers near the Sunda Strait. [3]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

On 27 September 1793 the French cruisers achieved their first major victory when three privateers each mounting more than 20 cannons attacked the Princess Royal's East India Fleet, under Captain James Horncastle, near Point Anjier (or Anjere or Anger) in the Sunda Strait.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Although Horncastle resisted, the privateer ships managed to defeat him and eventually forced him to surrender. [3]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

The deployment of troops of the British East Indies Company As the British Navy was unable to provide troops to protect trade in the East Indies, the British East Indies Company authorities in India decided to form a squadron of their own ships to patrolling the area.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Three East India Fleets, Wiliam Pitt, Britannia, and Nonsuch, were diverted from their regular routes for this task, accompanied by the brig frig Nautilus and under total command from Commodore Charles Mitchell. [6]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

On 2 January 1794 these troops crossed Singapore and entered the Strait of Malacca, sailing eastwards in search of the French attackers.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

As the British squadron passed along the north coast of Sumatra, two French privateers attacked the British East Indies Company trading post at Bencoolen on the south coast.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

The privateers were the 30-cannon Vengeur under Captain Corosin and the 26-cannon Résolu under Captain Jallineaux, and on 17 January they approached the mouth of the Rat Island Basin close to Bencoolen where the 32-cannon Pigot of the East Indian Armanda disposed of anchor.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Pigot, under Captain George Ballantyne, had a crew of 102 men, but was completely unprepared to launch action. [7]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

At 08.15, Vengeur opened fire at a distance of 150 yards (137m), holding the battle for an hour and 45 minutes before retreating so that Résolu could resume the fighting.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Ballantyne defended his ship intelligently, positioning Pigot so that the French could only approach one by one through the narrow estuary of the bay.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

This allowed her to dislodge each of the ships in turn, the privateer retreating simultaneously at 10:20 with damaged otters. [8]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Pigot also suffered a calamity, with one man killed and hefty damage to the beaver requiring several weeks of repairs.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

After immediate repairs were completed, Corosin left Bencoolen and retreated to Sunda Strait in search of weaker targets. [6]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Early on the morning of 22 January, Mitchell's squadron, reinforced by Houghton's East India Fleet, stopped a merchant ship for inspection and as the ship searched for two new sailing ships looking southwest near Shown Rock in the Zuften Islands.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Feeling suspicious of the newcomer's identity, Mitchell sent Britannia and Nonsuch in pursuit and the ships spun bow. [8]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

When the East India Fleet approached the fleeing ship, they were identified as Vengeur and Résolu.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

The British ships soon got ahead of the French and French ships opened fire where the larger Britanian ship recommissioned her.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Captain Thomas Cheap's Britannia fought Vengeur while Captain John Canning of Nonsuch attacked Résolu at 10:45 and was immediately supported by William Pitt and Houghton. [7]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

The overwhelming number and size of the British squadron soon convinced Corosin and Jallineaux that further resistance was pointless and 45 minutes after the first shot was released, both surrendered.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Corosin died as the denouement of the battle after losing one leg and another 11 French flatfoot killed and 25 wounded, while the casualties on the British side were one killed and two others wounded on the Britannia ship. [8]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

The two attack ships were then supplied with crews from squadrons of the East India Fleet. [9]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Battle of Sunda Strait On the morning of 24 January, most of Mitchell's squadron anchored at Pulau Panjang in Banten Bay at the northwestern tip of Java, with Nonsuch and the new booty ship remaining in the Zuften Islands about 15 miles (24km) away. [9]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

At 06.00, the sailing ship was sighted in the northern part of the Sunda Strait crossing the small island of Dwars in the Weg, which was quickly identified as three frigates and one brig.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

These ships were actually a French naval squadron from Île de France, composed of the frigates Prudente and Cybèle, the captive brig Vulcain and Princess Royal frigate, now having been renamed Duguay-Trouin, under total command from Captain Jean-Marie Renaud.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Canning attempted to communicate with the foreign ships, but until 13:00, due to their lack of response, it was obvious that they were enemy ships, and Canning's vastly outnumbered fleet pushed all sailing to the northeast with his booty ships to avoid destruction. [9]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

During the night, stormy rain reduced visibility and prevented decisive movement by both sides, but by 25 January the French squadron had surrounded St. Nicholas Point on the northwestern tip of Java and was in full pursuit of Canning's ships, which had joined Houghton. [9]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Résolu in particular was struggling to break free of the advancing enemy, but Mitchell realized the danger and sailed to intercept the French.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

At 06.30 Houghton, Nonsuch, and Vengeur joined the rest of Mitchell's forces and two hours later Renaud's ships met the British ranks, Résolu only trying to reach safety in the protection of the large East India Fleet despite being attacked repeatedly at stages last chase. [9]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

For an hour the two squadrons continued in total firefight at long range, before Mitchell rotated William Pitt, Houghton, and Nonsuch towards France at 09.30, the two last mentioned both attempting to attack Cybèle with the destruction of the hull of the cannon battery.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Firing continued for another 18 minutes when Renaud retreated, eventually anchoring near Baby Island.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

The two commanders none wished to continue the action, Mitchell concerned that his undermanned ships would not be able to feasibly fight the better armed French ships.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Casualties among the French squadron are unknown, but the only casualties on the British ships were on the ship Nonsuch, where there was one man killed in the battle with Cybèle. [10]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Final operation In order to reinforce and resupply, Mitchell pulled his squadron back to Batavia and joined the 36-cannon Dutch frigate Amazone under Captain Kerwal and an armed merchant ship.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Mitchell's ship then waded into the Sunda Strait for another two weeks without finding any enemy ships, before closing operations on 8 February and heading back towards the Indian Ocean via Bencoolen. [10]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Cheap died of illness in June, [11] but Mitchell survived and on his return in Britain in 1796, he was awarded a knighthood by King George III, [12] and given a reward of £8,000 (equivalent to £903,000 as of 2019) [13] in return and compensation for the transfer of his attentions to the Sunda Strait. [7]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Meanwhile, the Dutch retained their warships for a raid on Surabaya in which two French corvettes took refuge.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Both were taken captive without resistance and sent back to France as a cartel carrying French captives. [10]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

The French squadron under Renaud had taken advantage of the retreat of Mitchell's forces to also withdraw towards the Indian Ocean via Bencoolen, reaching the British trading post on 9 February.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

There was Pigot who was still under repair and was shocked and taken captive.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

When the merchant ship was manoeuvred out of the bay, Renaud demanded the surrender of nearby small Marlborough Fort and was advised that the fort was well armed and that the arrival of Mitchell's squadron was expected to be at any time.


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Unwilling to continue the battle with Mitchell, Renaud immediately retreated without attacking the fortress. [10]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

The French squadron then returned to Île de France where in the Battle of Île Ronde, they removed two British warships blockading the island. [2]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

The Sunda Strait and surrounding waters remained an important strategic location throughout the war, although the subsequent organisation of the East India Fleet into convoys and the return of the British Navy's presence in the area helped limit losses of French privateers and ships smaller wars. [14]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

On more than one occasion, convoys of the East India Fleet successfully deterred large squadrons from attempted attacks on merchant vessels valuable to their size and strength. [15]


Question: Where is the Sunda Strait Campaign conducted?

Sunda Strait Campaign of January 1794

Battle makeup of British East Indies Company French Navy and privateer Bibliographic Reference CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link) Category:Naval battles involving France Category:Naval battles involving France Category:Naval battles involving United Kingdom Category:Sunda Strait


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

The King's vulture, King's vulture, Raja's ruak, Sarcoramphus papa, is a species of New World vulture that lives in Central America and South America.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

This species belongs to the family Cathartidae.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

This Vulture lives in lowland tropical forests in southern Mexico to northern Argentina, although some believe that William Bartram's “Colored Vulture” painting in Florida may have been a painting of this species.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

So far the King Hering represents the only known member of the genus Sarcoramphus.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

This bird is large and most of its body is white, with the back, wings and tail feathers being grey or black.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

The head and neck are bald, with capricious skin tones, including yellow, orange, blue, purple, and red.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

The King Vulture has a very visible yellow gelambir on its beak.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

This bird species is a vulture and is often the first bird to come to fresh carcasses.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

The King's vulture also often drives smaller types of New World vultures from carcasses.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

This bird can survive up to 30 years in captivity.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

The king's hering is a popular figure in the ancient scripts of the Mayan civilization, as well as in folklore and treatment of the local population.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

Although they are listed as a low-risk species by the IUCN, their numbers continue to dwindle, mainly as a result of habitat loss.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

The taxonomy and systematics of King Hering was originally described by Carolus Linnaeus in 1758 in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae under the name Vultur papa. [2]


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

The species was later included into the genus Sarcoramphus of 1805 by André Marie Constant Duméril.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

The genus is often incorrectly referred to as Sarcorhamphus.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

The common name Sarcoramphus comes from the Greek, sarco-/σαρκο- meaning meat and ramphos/ραμφος meaning twisted beak of flesh-eating birds. [3]


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

This bird was also included into the genus Gyparchus by Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger in 1841, but this classification is not used in modern literature because Sarcoramphus gained priority as an earlier name in use. [4]


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

Species that have kinship with the King's Hering are the Andean Condor bird, Vultur gryphus. [5]


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

Some authors even include this species in a subfamily separate from the rest of the New World Vultures, although most authors realize this subdivision is unimportant. [5]


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

There are two theories as to how Hering Raja got the name “King”.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

First, the name “king” was given because of his habit of beating and expelling smaller vultures from the carcass and leaving him to wait while he ate himself until it was full. [6]


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

An alternative theory reports that the name of the king comes from a legend of the Mayan civilization that revolves around that this bird was a king who became a messenger between man and god. [7]


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

This bird is also referred to as the “White Crow” by Spaniards in Paraguay. [8]


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

The systematical placement of the King's Vulture and six other New World Vulture species remains unclear. [9]


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

Despite being similar in appearance and having similar ecological roles, Old and New World Vultures evolved from different ancestors in different parts of the world.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

However, the distinction of the two is now disputed, with some earlier sources proposing that the New World vulture is more closely related to the stork. [10]


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

More recent sources either place their position back on the Falconiformes along with the Old World Hering [11] or place them in their own order, the Cathartiformes. [12]


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

The South American Classification Committee has issued the New World Heron from the heron (Ciconiiformes) and placed it in indeterminate status (Incertae sedis), but provided a record that a move to Falconiformes or Cathartiformes is possible. [9]


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

The fossil record and evolution of the Sarcoramphus Marga, which now consists only of Hering Raja, has a wider spread before.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

The Kern vulture, Sarcoramphus kernense lived in southwestern North America during the mid-Kala Pliocene (Piacenzian), about 3.5-2.5 million years ago).


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

This vulture is one component of the stages of the Blancan/Delmontian fauna that is not widely known.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

The only fossil found was a broken upper arm bone fossil, found in Pozo Creek, Kern County, California.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

According to Loye H. Miller's original description, “compared to [S. papa], the type (which is described) is appropriate in its general form and curvature, except for its larger size and its burnout. “[13]


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

The long time period between the existence of the two species suggested that the Hering Kern may be a different type of S. papa, but because the fossils are defective and somewhat non-diagnosed, even its classing into the genus Sarcoramphus is not entirely certain. [14]


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

During the late Pleistocene kala, another species that may fall into this genus, Sarcoramphus fisheri, emerged in Peru.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

This species may be the chronospecies ancestor of King's Hering, but it could also be a parallel-related species.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

Few species of birds today evolved further after that time, and most are small and short-lived peoples of petenggers (Passeriformes).


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

A species thought to be a relative of Hering King found in the layers of Quaternary era caves in Cuba, turned out to be the eagle-sized eagle bone Buteogallus borrasi (formerly in the Titanohierax clan). [15]


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

There is little to tell about the evolutionary history of this genus, especially since the remains (fossils) of the rest of the New World vulture Neogens are usually younger or even more fragmented.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

The extinct tribe Teratornithidae, has mastered the ecological niches of the vulture in its time, especially in North America.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

Kern's vulture seems to slightly precede the main period of the Great American Fauna Exchange process, and it is evident that the New World's vulture diversity comes from Central America [13].


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

The hering Kern thus presumably describes the presence of a forestall towards the north, equivalent to the evolutionary line of S. fisheri - S. papa in the south.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

When so true, the existing fossil record, though lacking, supports the theory that the ancestors of the King Hering and the South American Condors had separated at least about 5 million years ago.


Question: What is the color of the King Very?

King's Veriding

Bartram Ka|JMPL|King's hering at Zoologischer Garten Berlin There is much speculation regarding the “Colored Verige” (“Sarcoramphus sacra” or “S. papa sacra”), the bird depicted in the accounts of William Bartram's travels in Florida during the 1770s. The note was amended and augmented in the print edition, likely by an editor who had seen the image of the King's Hering and believed that the bird briefly and vaguely described by Bartram was a King's Vulture, and therefore he added detail which he felt appropriate.