Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In 1939, Italy occupied Albania, a de facto protectorate for decades and took part in World War II in June 1940 on the side of the Axis Bloc.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Like the Blitzkrieg, Hitler's actions in Poland, and France, Mussolini wanted glory as soon as possible in invading Greece in October 1940, but was forced to accept a humiliating standoff after several long months.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

At the same time, after conquering British Somaliland and parts of Egypt, the Italians saw Allied counterattacks that led to the loss of their holdings in Africa.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy was then invaded by the Allies in July 1943, which impacted on the vault of the Fascist regime and the fall of Mussolini.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In September 1943, Italy surrendered.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The country was still a battleground for several subsequent battles, as the Allies moved forward from the south when the north was a base for Italian fascists, and the army of NAZI Germany, was also fought by the Italian resistance movement.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Hostilities ended on 2 May 1945.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Almost half also Italians (including civil society) were killed because of the conflict [46] and the Italian economy was melted; per capita income in 1944 was the lowest since the beginning of the 20th century. [47]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Italian Republic became a republic after the successful constitutional referendum [48] held on June 2, 1946, a day that would be celebrated as Republic Day.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

That day also became the first time Italian women were allowed to channel their vote. [49]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The son of Viktor Imanuel III, namely Umberto II, was forced to abdicate and was banished.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Constitution of the Republic was passed on January 1, 1948.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Under the 1947 Paris Peace Treaty, most of Venezia Giulia was detached to Yugoslavia's grasp, and thereafter, the Free Territory of Trieste was divided to both countries.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The vote-owners' fears in Italy of a possible takeover of power by the Communists proved crucial to the electoral outcome of the first universal suffrage on April 18, 1948, when the Christian Democrats, under the leadership of Alcide De Gasperi, achieved a runoff victory.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In the aftermath, in 1949 Italy became a member of NATO.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Marshall Plan helped restore the Italian economy, which until the late decade of the 1960s, enjoyed a period of sustained economic growth, commonly called the “Economic Miracle”.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In 1957, Italy was a founding member of the European Community (EEC), the forerunner of the European Union (EU) in 1993.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

From the late 1960s until the early 1980s, the country experienced the Hot Tin Period, a period characterized by economic crises (in particular after the 1973 oil crisis), widespread social conflict and terrorist massacres carried out by opposition extremist groups with the alleged existence of United States intelligence involvement. [50] [51] [52] The Hot Tin Period culminated in the assassination of the leader of the Christian Democrats, Aldo Moro, in 1978, and in the massacre at the Bologna railway station in 1980, in which 85 people were killed; these events greatly affected all of Italy.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In the decade of the 1980s, for the first time since 1945, two governments were led by prime ministers who were not from the Christian Democrats: the first a liberal (Giovanni Spadolini), and the second a socialist (Bettino Craxi); but the Christian Democrats were still the main party of the government.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

During Craxi's reign, the economy was reinstated, and Italy became the fifth largest industrialized nation in the world, able to enter the G7 group.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Nonetheless, as a result of his policies, Italy's national debt swelled in Craxi's time, surpassing 100% of GDP.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In the early 1990s decade, Italy faced significant challenges, when vote-owners — who were let down by political paralysis, massive public debt, and a widespread system of corruption (known as Tangentopoli), revealed by a 'Clean Hands' investigation — demanded reforms radical.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The scandals involved all the major parties, in particular those in the government coalition: the Christian Democrats, in power for almost 50 years, went through several crises, and even in fact broke up, splintering into factions.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Communists rearranged its power as a Social Democracy force.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In the decades of the 1990s and 2000s, a coalition of right-of-centre (dominated by media magnate Silvio Berlusconi) and centre-left alternately ruled the country, which entered a prolonged period of economic unstuck.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The geography of Italy is located in Southern Europe and consists of the boot-shaped Italian Peninsula, and a number of islands including the two largest, Sicily and Sardinia.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy is located between 35°LU, and 47°LU, and 6°BT, and 19°BT.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The overall area of the country is 301,230km², 294,020km² of which is mainland, and the remaining 7,210km² are waters.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Including its islands, Italy has a total of coastline, and borders along 7,600km; namely in the Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea, Tirenia Sea (740km), and borders with France (488km), Austria (430km), Slovenia (232km), and Switzerland (740km); as well as San Marino (39km), and the Vatican (3,2km), both- secondly an enclave.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Apennini Mountains form the backbone of the peninsula, and the Alps form the border in the north, where Italy's highest point lies at Mont Blanc (4,810 m). [note 3] The Po River, the longest river in Italy (652km), flows from the Alps on the western border with France, and crosses the Po Valley to the Adriatic Sea.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The five largest lakes by size are: [53] Lake Garda (367.94km²), Lake Maggiore (212.51km², shared with Switzerland), Lake Como (145.9km²), Lake Trasimeno (124.29km²), and Lake Bolsena (113.55km²).


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The country is located at the meeting point of the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate, causing a large amount of earthquake and volcano activity.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

There are 14 volcanoes in Italy, four of which are still active: Mount Etna (the traditional site of Volcanus blacksmith mythology), Stromboli, Vulcano, and Vesuvius.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Vesuvius is the only volcano still active on the European Continent and the most famous of the disasters it produced, Pompeii and Herculaneum.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Several islands and hills have been formed due to usefulness activity and there is still a large active caldera, namely Campi Flegrei to the north-west of Naples.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Although the country encompasses the Italian Peninsula and most of the southern Alps basin, some Italian regions extend beyond the Alps basin and some islands lie beyond the exposure of the Eurasian continent.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The territories in question are communes: Livigno, Sesto, San Candido, Dobbiaco (partly), Chiusaforte, Tarvisio, Curon Venosta (partly), all of which are part of the Donau basin, while Val di Lei encompasses part of the Rhein basin, and the islands of Lampedusa, and Lampione are included in exposure to the African continent.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Environment After its rapid industrial growth, Italy has long been dealing with environmental problems.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

After several improvements, Italy now ranks 84th in the world for its ecological sustainability. [54]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

National parks cover roughly five percent of the country's territory. [55]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In the past decade, Italy has become one of the world's leading renewable energy producers, ranked the world's 4th largest in terms of installed solar energy capacity [56] [57], and the 6th largest owner of wind energy capacity in the world in 2010. [58]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Renewable energies now account for roughly 12% of final energy consumption, and total primary in Italy, with a future target spread of 17% for 2020. [59]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Despite this, air pollution is still a bad problem, particularly in the more industrialized northern regions, reaching the 10th world rank in terms of industrial carbon dioxide emissions in the decade of the 1990s. [60] Italy was the 12th largest producer of carbon dioxide. [61] [62] Density and traffic jams in the largest metropolitan areas continue to cause environmental damage and sticking health issues, although smog levels have been dramatically lowered since the decades of the 1970s and 1980s, and the presence of smog is becoming an increasingly rare phenomenon and sulfur dioxide level decreases. [63]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

There are many water bars, and beaches are also polluted by industrial activities, and agriculture, while due to rising sea levels, Venice has been regularly flooded in recent years.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Waste disposed of from industrial activities does not always meet legal standards, and has triggered permanent health impacts for residents in affected areas, such as in the case of the Seveso Disaster.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The country also operated several nuclear reactors in 1963 to 1990, but after the Chernobyl Disaster, and the referendum of 1987 the nuclear program was suspended, a decision overturned by the government in 2008, which planned the construction of up to four centres nuclear power plants, with French technology.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

This in turn was hit by a referendum following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. [64]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Deforestation, illegal building construction, and poor land management policies have led to significant erosion throughout Italy's mountainous regions, and triggered major ecological disasters such as the 1963 Vayon Reservoir flood, Sarno 1998 [65], and the Messina landslide year 2009.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Climate Climate in Italy is very variegated, it is influenced by the large, longitudinal shape of the peninsula, and most of it is mountainous.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In much of the northern, and central inland, the climate spans from wet subtropical to wet continental, and oceanic climate.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In particular, the climate in the geographical region of the Po Valley is continental, with harsh winters, and scorching summers. [66] [67] The coastal regions of Liguria, Toskana, and most of Southern Italy generally meet the stereotype of the mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa).


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Conditions in the coastal regions of the peninsula can be very different than high land, and valleys in the interior, especially in winter when the high land tends to be colder, damp, and often snowy.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Coastal areas have moderate winters, and generally warm, and dry summers, although the valleys on the low land can become quite scorching in the summer.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Average winter temperatures vary from 0°C in the Alps to 12°C in Sicily, while in summer temperatures vary from 20°C to 30°C or more. [68]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italian politics has been a unitary parliamentary republic since June 2, 1946, when the monarchy was abolished by a constitutional referendum.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The President of the Italian Republic (Presidente della Repubblica), now Giorgio Napolitano since 2006, is Italy's head of state.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The President is elected to carry out a single mandate for seven years by the Italian Parliament in a joint session.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy has a written democratic constitution, as a result of the work of the Constituent Assembly formed by representatives of all anti-fascist forces that contributed to the defeat of the NAZIS, and Fascists in the civil war. [69]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Italian administration has a parliamentary government based on a proportional voting system.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Italian Parliament is a perfect bicameral parliament: both of its chambers, the House of Representatives (located in the Palazzo Montecitorio), and the Senate of the Republic (which houses the Palazzo Madama), have equal powers.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Prime Minister, officially President of the Council of Ministers (Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), is the head of government of Italy.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Prime Minister, and cabinet are appointed by the President of the Republic, but must go through a vote of confidence within Parliament to be able to serve.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

While its function is similar to that of most other parliamentary systems, the Italian Prime Minister has weaker authority than some of his peers.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The prime minister is not given the power to request the dissolution of Parliament or dismiss ministers (which instead becomes the exclusive prerogative of the President of the Republic), and must receive a vote of approval from the Council of Ministers—which holds effective executive power—in order to exercise the vast majority his political activity.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Following the cessation of Silvio Berlusconi on 12 November 2011, economist Mario Monti has been appointed technocratic Prime Minister.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The four largest political parties in Italy are the People of Freedom, the Democratic Party, the Northern League, and the Italia dei Valori.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In the 2008 general election these four parties won 590 of the 630 seats available within the House of Representatives, and 308 of the 315 seats available within the Senate of the Republic.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Most of the remaining seats were won by smaller parties that only took part in general elections in parts of Italy, for example the People's Party of South Tirol, and the Movement for Autonomy.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Nonetheless, over the past three years, a stronghold also called the “Third Pole” began to grow, namely the UDC's Christian Democrats combined with some dissenting lawmakers coming from Berlusconi's cabinet.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

A peculiarity of the Italian Parliament is that a portion of the representatives are allocated to Italian nationals settled abroad: 12 People's Deputies, and 6 Senators are elected in four different across the ocean electoral districts.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In addition, the Italian Senate is also characterized by the presence of few lifelong senators, appointed by the President “for the merit of extraordinary heroism in social, scientific, artistry, or literature”.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Former President of the Republic is an ex officio lifetime senator (because of his office).


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

On 22 February 2014, Matteo Renzi was appointed as Prime Minister of Italy [70], he replaced Enrico Letta.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The former mayor of Florence became Italy's youngest prime minister at the age of 39.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

He was sworn in by Presien Giorgio Napolitano at Rome's presidential palace.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

On 31 January 2015, Matteo Renzi elected Sergio Mattarella as the 12th President of Italy, succeeding Giorgio Napolitano [71].


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Previously Mattarella was a constitutional judge from the Province of Sicilia.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Law and criminal justice The Italian justice system is based on Roman law modified by Napoleonic statutes, and newer statutes.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Supreme Court of Cassation is the highest court in Italy, for criminal as well as civil appellate cases.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Constitutional Court of Italy (Corte Costituzionale) played a role on the alignment of legislation with the constitution, and was a new breakthrough after World War II.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Since their presence in the mid-19th century, organized crime in Italy, and criminal organizations have infiltrated social, and economic life in many regions of Southern Italy, the most severe of which was the Sicilian Mafia, which later expanded to several other countries, including the Americas Unions.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Mafia revenue probably reached 9% [72] [73] of Italy's GDP. [74]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

A report from 2009 identified 610 communes with such a strong mafia presence, in which 13 million Italians settled, and 14.6% of Italy's GDP was generated. [75] [76] The 'Ndrangheta of Calabria, now perhaps the most powerful crime syndicate in Italy, accounting for 3% of GDP country. [77]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Nonetheless, with a figure of 0.013 for every 1,000 people, Italy ranks only the 47th highest in terms of the number of murders [78] (in a group of 62 countries), and ranks 43rd highest in terms of the number of rapes for every 1,000 people in the world (in a group of 65 countries), a relatively low picture for the size of developed countries.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Foreign relations Italy is a founding member of the European Community, now the European Union (EU), and the North Atlantic Defence Pact (NATO).


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy became a member of the United Nations since 1955, and Italy also is a member, and a strong supporter of a number of other international organizations, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), GATT/World Trade Organization (WTO), Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the European Assembly, and the Central Europe Initiative.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy held rotating leadership in several international organizations, among them the Conference for Security, and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), the predecessor of the OSCE, in 1994; the G8; and the European Union in 2009, and from July to December 2003.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy strongly supports multilateral international politics, advancing the United Nations, and international security activities.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy dispatched its troops to support United Nations peacekeeping missions in Somalia, Mozambique, and East Timor, and provided support for NATO, and United Nations operations in Bosnia, Kosovo, and Albania.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy dispatched more than 2,000 troops in Afghanistan to support Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) since February 2003.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy still supports international efforts to rebuild, and stabilize Iraq, but Italy has withdrawn its military contingent of 3,200 soldiers in November 2006, and only retains humanitarian officers, and other civilian personnel.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In August 2006 Italy dispatched approximately 2,450 of its troops to Lebanon for the UNIFIL peace mission. [79]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The militaries of the Italian Army, Navy, Air Force, and Military Police are entirely part of the Italian Armed Forces, under the command of the Supreme Defence Council, headed by the President of the Italian Republic.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Since 2005, military service has fully become willing. [80]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In 2010, the Italian military had 293,202 active personnel, [81] 114,778 persons of them as Military Police. [82]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy's total military spending in 2010 ranks 10th in the world, at a figure of US$ 35.8billion, or equal to 1.7% of national GDP.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

As part of NATO's nuclear sharing strategy Italy is also the site for 90 United States nuclear weapons, housed at Ghedi Air Base, and Aviano Air Base. [83]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Italian Army had personnel of 109,703 people in 2008.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

His best known combat vehicles are Dardo infantry fighting vehicles, Centauro tank destroyers, and Ariete tanks, and among his airplanes are Mangusta attack helicopters, recently used in UN missions.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Italian Army also had many Leopard 1, and M113 armoured personnel carriers.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Italian Navy in 2008 had 35,200 active personnel with 85 assigned ships, and 123 airborne aircraft. [84]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Italian Navy now equipped itself with larger aircraft carriers, (Cavour), destroyers, submarines, and versatile frigates.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In modern times, the Italian Navy, being a member of NATO, has taken part in many peacekeeping coalition operations around the world.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Italian Air Force in 2008 had 43,882 active personnel, and operated 585 airplanes, including 219 fighter jets, and 114 helicopters.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

As a replacement for a leased interceptor aircraft, the Panavia Tornado ADV, the Italian Air Force has leased 30 F-16A Block 15 ADF, and four F-16B Block 10 Fighting Falcons, with even more options.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The following years would also witness the introduction of 121 Eurofighter Typhoons EF2000, which would replace the F-16 Fighting Falcons.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The next possible updates are Tornado IDS/IDT, and AMX International AMX.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The transport capability was guaranteed by 22 C-130J aircraft, and the Aeritalia G.222 of which 12 of them were replaced by a new variant of the G.222 called the C-27J Spartan.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

An autonomous military corps, the Italian Military Police constitute a military police tasked with carrying out police functions in the military environment, and the civilian population, in addition to other policing forces in Italy.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

While different branches of the Italian Military Police report to separate ministries for each of their individual functions, these corps report to the Ministry of the Interior when maintaining security, and public order. [85]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The division of the Italian region is divided into 20 regions, five of which have special autonomous status which allows them to enact legislation concerning some of their local affairs.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The country was then further divided into 110 provinces, and 8,100 communes.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Only the Aosta Valley Region has one province.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

There are also 15 metropolitane cities (città metropolitane), established in 2009, but the division of the region is still not under way.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Italian economy has a market economy characterized by high GDP per capita, and low unemployment figures.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In 2010, Italy was the 8th largest economy in the world, and the 4th largest in Europe in terms of nominal GDP, [86], and the 10th largest economy in the world, and the 5th largest in Europe in terms of balance of shoppability. [87]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy is a founding member of the G8, the Eurozone, and the OECD.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

After World War II, Italy transformed rapidly from an economy that relied on agriculture to one of the most industrialized countries [88], and a leading country in terms of international trade.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy is a developed country, with the 8th highest quality of life in the world in 2005 [89], and the 24th Human Development Index in the same year.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Despite the recent global economic crisis, Italy's GDP per capita (balance of shopping skills) is still close to the EU average, [90] while unemployment (8.5%) is the lowest in the EU. [91]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The country is well known for its innovative, and influential business economy, [92] for its industrial, competitiveness, agricultural sector [92] (Italy is the world's largest wine producer), [93], and for its fashion, equipment, industrial, high-grade automotive, and creative design. [ 92]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

According to 2010 IMF statistics the sectoral distribution of GDP in 2010 was dominated by the service sector at 73.3%; followed by industry at 24.9%; and agriculture at 1.8%.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy has a small number of global multinationals compared to other economies of its size, but there are a large number of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) gathered in several industrial districts, and become the backbone of Italian industry.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

These SMEs produce a manufacturing sector that often focuses on niche market exports, and luxury products, which if on the one hand are less able to compete on that quantity, then the other side is better able to deal with competition from China, and the growing Asian economies, based cheap labor fare, with high-grade products. [94]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The country became the 7th largest exporter in the world in 2009. [95]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy's closest trade dealings are with other countries in the European Union, which contribute roughly 59% of its entire trade.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The largest EU trading partners, in terms of market proportion, are Germany (12.9%), France (11.4%), and Spain (7.4%). [96]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Ultimately, tourism is one of the lucrative, and fastest growing sectors for the national economy: with 43.6million international tourists arriving, and total receipts estimated at $38.8million in 2010, Italy is the 5th most visited country, and tourism winner highest in the world. [97]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Despite these important achievements, the Italian economy is now suffering from many problems.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

After strong GDP growth in the range of 5— 6% per annum since the decades of the 1950s through the early decades of the 1970s, [98], and the progressive slowdown in the decades of the 1980s, and 1990s, the average annual growth performance in the most recent decade is quite poor at 1.23% compared to with an average EU annual growth rate of 2.28%. [99]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The unwillingness of economic growth, and political efforts to resurrect it with massive government spending from the decade of the 1980s ahead, actually inflated the public debt quite severely.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

According to the European Union's statistics agency, Eurostat, Italy's public debt stood at 116% of GDP in 2010, ranking the 2nd largest debt ratio after Greece (at 126.8%). [100]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

However, the largest chunk of Italian public debt is owned by national subjects, a big difference between Italy, and Greece. [101]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In addition, Italian living standards have a fairly significant north-south gap.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Average GDP per capita in the north far exceeds the EU average, while many regions in Southern Italy are well below. [102]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy is often nicknamed the sick man of Europe, [103] [104] characterized by economic unwillingness, political disability, and problems with the inclusion of reform programs.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

More specifically, Italy suffers from structural weaknesses due to its geographic shape, shortage of raw materials, and lack of energy sources: in 2006 the country imported more than 86% of its total energy consumption (99.7% solid fuels; 92.5% oil; 91.2% natural gas; and 15% of electricity). [105] [106] Italy's economy is weakened by lack of infrastructure development, market reforms, and research investments, and also high public deficits. [92]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In terms of the Economic Freedom Index of 2008, the country ranks 64th in the world, and 29th in Europe, the lowest in the Eurozone.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy still receives development aid from the EU every year.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Between 2000, and 2006, Italy received €27.4billion from the European Union. [107]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The country has an inefficient public service bureaucracy, poor protection of property rights, high corruption, huge taxes, and public spending that reaches half the national GDP. [108]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In addition, recent data show that Italy's spending on research and development in 2006 was equal to 1.14% of GDP, or below the EU average of 1.84%, and the Lisboa Strategy goal that advocated a 3% share of GDP for research, and development activities. [109]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

According to Confesercenti, a major business association in Italy, organized crime in Italy represents “the largest segment of the Italian economy”, reaching €90 billion in receipts or 7% of Italy's GDP. [110]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Infrastructure In 2004 the transport sector in Italy generated revenues of 119.4bn euros, employing 935,700 people in 153,700 companies.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

About the national road network, in 2002 there were 668,721 kilometers of worthy roads in Italy, including 6,487 kilometers of controlled freeways, state-owned but taken care of by the private company Atlantia.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In 2005, approximately 34,667,000 passenger cars (590 cars per 1,000 people), and 4,015,000 freight cars passed on the national road network. [114]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The network of railroads is national, state-owned, and taken care of by Ferrovie dello Stato, in 2003 of an entire 16,287 kilometers, 69 percent of which had been electrified, and 4,937 locomotives, and carriages passed over it.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The national waterway network in the interior includes 1,477 kilometers of rivers, and traversable canals in 2002.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In 2004 there were nearly 30 major airports (including two connecting Malpensa International Airport in Milan, and Leonardo da Vinci International Airport in Rome), and 43 major ports (including the port of Genoa, the largest in Italy, and the second largest in the Middle Sea).


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In 2005 Italy maintained a civilian air fleet of approximately 389,000 units, and a commercial fleet of 581 arks. [114]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Demographics The population of Italy is predominantly religious, and like-speaking but with a diverse culture, economy, and politics.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy has the fifth largest population density in Europe with 196 inhabitants per square kilometer.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The minority group of natives is small in number.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy had 60,626,442 inhabitants according to munisipal records (Anagrafe) on 1 January 2011. [115]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Its density, amounting to 201 inhabitants per square kilometer, is denser than most countries in Western Europe.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

But the spread of the population is not so evenly distributed.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The most populous regions are the Po Valley (reaching almost half the national population), and the metropolitan areas of Rome, and Naples, while vast territories such as the high mainland of the Alps, and Apenina, Plato Basilicata, and the Island of Sardinia are sparsely populated territories.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy's population almost doubled in the 20th century, but the growth pattern is very ununiform due to a massive migration from the rural South to the industrialized North, a symptom that occurred as a result of Italy's economic miracle in the decade 1950s to 1960s. Moreover, after centuries of net emigration, from the decade of the 1980s Italy has experienced massive immigration for the first time in modern history.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

According to the Italian Government, there were 4,570,317 foreign citizens in Italy in January 2011. [116]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Fertility rates, and high birth rates lasted long into the decade of the 1970s, after which both began to decline dramatically, impacting the rapid aging of the population.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In the late 2000s decade, one in five Italians was older than 65. [117]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

However, with considerable immigration in the most recent two decades, Italy has experienced significant birth rate growth in recent years. [118]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The total fertility figure has climbed dramatically from 1.18 children per woman in 1995 to 1.41 per female in 2008. [119]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The total fertility figure is expected to reach 1.6 - 1.8 by 2030. [120]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italian ethnic groups experienced mass emigration from the late 19th century until the decade of the 1960s. In the period 1898-1914, the peak years of the Italian diaspora, nearly 750,000 Italians emigrated each year. [121]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

This diaspora involved more than 25 million Italians, and is considered the largest mass migration today. [122]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

As a result, more than 4.1 million people born in Italy have now settled abroad, [123] while no fewer than 60 million people of full or partial Italian ancestry settled outside Italy, mainly in Argentina, Brazil, the United States, Australia, and Northern Europe. [124] [125] [126] [127] [128] [129] [129] [ 130] [131] The postwar economic miracle, ending long decades of poverty, and emigration, including massive social changes such as low birth rates, an aging population, and the impact of a shrinking workforce.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Under such an atmosphere, starting from the end of the decade of the 1970s, Italy began to receive an inflow of immigrants from abroad.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The current picture is approximately 4.6 million foreigners, [132] approximately 7.5% of the overall population, including more than half a million children born in Italy to second-generation immigrants, but does not include foreign nations gradually begging for Italian citizenship; this applies to 53,696 people in 2008. [133]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The official picture also does not present illegal immigrants, whose numbers are very difficult to determine; they are estimated to be no fewer than 670,000 people. [134]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Since the collapse of the Berlin Wall and, most recently, the 2004, and 2007 expansion of the European Union, the main waves of migration have come from the countries of former socialist Eastern Europe (specifically Romania, Albania, Ukraine, and Poland).


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The second most important area of immigration to Italy was North Africa (specifically, Morocco, Egypt, and Tunisia), with a growing ascendancy as a result of the rise of the Arab world.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Furthermore, in recent years, there has been a growing migratory flow from the Far East (mainly, China [135], and the Philippines), and Latin America (Ecuador, Peru).


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Now, roughly one million Romanians (or 10 percent of them are Rom people [136]) are officially registered as settled in Italy, representing the most important country of origin, followed by Albanians, and Moroccans, as many as 500,000 inhabitants each.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The number of unregistered Romanians is very difficult to surmise, but the Balkan Inquiry Reporting Network suspects that in 2007 there may have been half a million or more. [137] [note 5] Overall, by the end of the 2000s the foreign-born Italian population came from: Europe (54%), Africa (22%), Asia (16%), the Americas (8%), and Oceania (0.06%).


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The spread of immigrants is not evenly distributed in Italy: 87% of immigrants settle in the northern, and central parts of the country (the most developed economic area), while only 13% settle in the southern paro of the peninsula.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The official language of Italy is Italian.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The website Ethnologue suspects that there are roughly 55million speakers of this language in Italy, and 6.7million abroad. [139]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

After all, 120 to 150million people use Italian as a second language or cultural language, worldwide. [140]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Italian language, adopted by the state after the Unification of Italy, is a based on the Toskana language of Firenze dialect, and is the middle language between the Italo-Dalmasian languages, and the Gallo-Roman languages.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Its development was also influenced by the Germanic languages of the Migration Period.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy has many dialects that are interrupted throughout Italy, and some Italians are not capable of speaking Italian at all. [141]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Nonetheless, the fostering of a national education system has decreased the variation of spoken language in Italy.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Bookkeeping expanded in the decades 1950s to 1960s, this situation was made easier by economic growth, and the rise of mass media, and television (state-owned broadcaster RAI helped with Italian language bookkeeping).


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Several linguistic groups are recognized by law, [142], and a number of minority languages have sub-official (co-official) status in some areas of Italy.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

French also gained sub-official status in the Aosta Valley—although in reality the Arpitan language is more prevalent there.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

As in some parts of the province it is German, and the Ladin language has equal status in the province of South Tirol, and in some parts of Trentino.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Slovene language is officially recognized in the Province of Trieste, the Province of Gorizia, and the Province of Udine in Friuli—Venezia Giulia.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In these regions official documents are presented bilingual (trilingual in the community of Ladin), or provided on the basis of request in Italian as well as sub-official languages.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Traffic marks are also presented multilingual, except in the Aosta Valley — where with the exception of Aosta itself retains its Latin form in Italian (as well as in English) — French toponyms are generally used, efforts to digitize them on the Fascist period has been abandoned.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Education is possible to be organized in the minority language spoken in the area the school is located.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Religion Although Roman Catholicism is the majority religion (85% of births in Italy are generally Catholic), there are some communities that are part of the Protestant Church, and also Bené Romans who have run Judaism in Italy for thousands of years.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

And there are also Muslim immigrant communities (see: Islam in Italy).


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Roman Catholicism is by far the largest religion in Italy, although Catholicism is no longer the state religion.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The proportion of Italians who claim to be Roman Catholics is 87.8%, [144] although only a third of them claim to be active congregations (36.8%).


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Most Italians believe in God, or a form of spiritual life power.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

According to a Eurobarometer survey in 2005: [145] 74% of Italian citizens responded that 'they believe in the existence of God', 16% replied that 'they believe that there is some kind of living spirit or power', and 6% replied that 'they do not believe in the existence of a living spirit, God, or power'.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Italian Catholic Church is part of the globalized Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope, the curia in Rome, and the Diocesan Conference of Italy.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In addition to Italy, two other sovereign states belong to the Italian-based diocese, the San Marino enclave, and the Vatican.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

There are 225 dioceses within the Italian Catholic Church.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy is rich in Catholic culture, especially there are many Italian saints, martyrs, and popes.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Roman Catholicism is a religion, and the largest denomination in Italy, with roughly 87.8% of Italians professing to be Catholic.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy is also home to the majority of the world's cardinals, [146], and is the country with the most number of Roman Catholic churches per capita. [147]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Although the main Christian denomination in Italy is Roman Catholic, there are a number of significant minorities, namely Waldens, Eastern Orthodox, and other Christian churches.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In the 20th century, the Pentecostal Church, non-denominational Evangelicalism, was the fastest-growing Protestant church, as well as Jehovah's Witnesses, and Mormonism.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Since the decade of the 1980s, Immigration from Sub-Saharan Africa has multiplied Baptist, Anglican, Pentecostal, and Evangelical congregations in Italy, while immigrants from Eastern Europe have pioneered Eastern Orthodox communities.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

At the beginning of the 21st century, there were more than 700,000 Eastern Orthodox Christians in Italy, including 180,000 Greek Orthodox, [150] 550,000 Pentecostals, and Evangelical adherents (0.8%), of which 400,000 were members of the Congregations of God, 235,685 Jehovah's Witnesses (0.4%), [ 151] 30,000 Waldens followers, [152] 25,000 Seventh-day Adventist congregations, 22,000 Mormon congregations, 15,000 Baptist congregations (plus about 5,000 Free Baptist congregations), 7,000 Lutheran congregations, 4,000 Methodist congregations (affiliated with Waldens Church). [153]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

One of the long-established religious beliefs in Italy is the Jewish Religion, Jews had been present in Ancient Rome before the birth of Christ.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy has witnessed many influential Italian Jews, for example Shabbethai Donnolo (died in 982), prime minister Luigi Luzzatti, who took office in 1910, and Ernesto Nathan, Rome's leading mayor from 1907 to 1913.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

At the time of Holokaus, Italy received many Jewish refugees from NAZI Germany.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Nonetheless, with the establishment of the puppet state of the NAZI-backed Italian Social Republic, approximately 15% of Italian Jews were killed, although the Fascist government refused to deport Jews to the death of the NAZIS.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

These events, together with emigration before, and after World War II, have left a small Jewish community of only roughly 45,000 people in Italy at this point.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Deviating immigration has been accompanied by an increase in non-Christian beliefs.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In 2009, there were 1.0million Muslims in Italy [154] making up 1.6 percent of the population, although only 50,000 were Italian nationality.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Independent parties estimated the number of Muslim populations in Italy ranging from 0.8million [155] to 1.5million. [156]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

There are more than 200,000 followers of the belief originating from the Indian subcontinent with approximately 70,000 Sikhs with 22 gurdwaras throughout Italy, [157] 70,000 Hindus, and 50,000 Buddhists. [158]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

There were approximately 4,900 Baha'i adherents in Italy in 2005. [159]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Education Education in Italy is free, and compulsory for residents aged 6 to 16, [161], and consists of five levels: kindergarten (scuola dell'infanzia), primary school (scuola primaria), junior high school (scuola secondaria di primo grado), senior secondary school ( scuola secondaria di secondo grado), and universities (università). [162] JMPL|left|150px|University of Bologna is one of the oldest academic institutions in the world, founded in 1088.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy is home to many different types of universities, colleges, and academies.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Founded in 1088, the University of Bologna is one of the oldest universities in the world. [163]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In 2009, the University of Bologna, according to The Times, was the only Italian college included in 200 World Universities.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Luigi Bocconi Commercial University in the City of Milan was included in the top 20 business schools in the world by The Wall Street Journal's international rating, in particular for its MBA program, which in 2007 ranked 17th in the world in alumni recruitment priorities by companies- major multinational corporations. [164]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Bocconi was also placed by Forbes as the best in the world in the special category Value for Money. [165]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In May 2008, Bocconi took over some of the world's best business schools in the Financial Times executive education rankings, reaching 5th in Europe, and 15th in the world. [166]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Other best universities, and polytechnics are Torino Polytechnic, Milano Polytechnic (which in 2011 was ranked 48th best technical university in the world according to THE-QS World University Ranking. [167]), University of Rome La Sapienza (which in 2005 became a university 33rd best in Europe, [168] and ranks amongst Europe's 50 and the world's 150 best colleges [169]), and Milano University (whose research, and teaching activities have been developed over the years, and have received international important recognition.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The university is the only Italian university that considers the League of European Research Universities (LERU), a prestigious group of 20 research-intensive universities in Europe.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The university is also ranked: 1st in Italy, and 7th in Europe (Leiden Ranking — Leiden University).


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

According to the National Science Indicators (1981—2002), a database generated by the Research Services Group containing lists of outputs, and citation statistics for more than 90 countries, Italy has an above-average scientific publication output (in terms of the number of written papers involving least one author is from Italy) in astronomy (9.75% of world papers), mathematics (5.51% of world papers), computer science, neuroscience, and physics; the lowest, but still above the world average, output in terms of the number of papers produced recorded in social sciences, psychology, and psychiatry, and economics, and business. [170]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Health Italy runs the general health care system of the universe since 1978. [171]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Nonetheless, health care is provided for all citizens, and residents by a general-private mixed system.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The common part is the Servizio Sanitario Nazionale, formed under the Ministry of Health, and handed over to be taken care of by the regional administration.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Health care spending in Italy exceeded 9.0% of national GDP in 2008, slightly above the OECD average of 8.9%. [172]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

After all, Italy ranks 2nd best in the world in terms of health care systems, [171] [173], and ranks 3rd in the world in terms of health care performance. [174]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy reached the 12th highest life expectancy in the world in 2010, [175] meanwhile, as in many other Western countries, Italy witnessed a rise in the proportion of people who are overweight, and obese, with 34.2% of Italians reporting to be overweighted agency, and 9.8% were obese. [176]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The proportion of daily smokers was 22% in 2008. [177]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Smoking in public places including bars, restaurants, nightclubs, and offices has been restricted to ventilated rooms only since 2005. [178]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italian culture was intangible as a single state until the unification of this country in 1861.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Because of this fairly recent unification, and the historical autonomy of each region that makes up the Italian Peninsula, there are many traditions, and the customs that are now recognized as belonging to Italy are clearly recognizable by region of origin.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Despite the political, and social differences in these regions, Italy's contribution to the cultural heritage, and history of Europe, and the world is still large.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy is home to a large number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites (currently 47 pieces), and is rich in a repertory of art, culture, and literature from many different periods.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

This country influenced many world cultures, also because there were many Italians who emigrated elsewhere during the time of the Italian Diaspora.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In addition, the country has roughly 100,000 monuments in many likenesses (museums, palaces, buildings, statues, churches, art gallerias, villas, fountains, historical buildings, and archaeological relics). [179]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Architecture JMPL|left|260px|Leaning Tower and Piazza dei Miracoli in Pisa.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

This piazza is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, [180] and both of these buildings are examples of Romanesque architecture. [181]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy has varied architectural styles, and types, which cannot be distinguished only on the basis of period, but also region, since Italy was still a collection of city-states until 1861.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Nonetheless, these circumstances have created a very diverse, and sometimes inter-synergized, architectural design.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy is known for its outstanding architectural achievements, [182] such as the construction of arches, domes, and similar structures in Ancient Roman times, the stub of the Renaissance architectural movement in the late 14th to 16th centuries, and being the birthplace for Palladian architecture, a style constructions that inspired the neoclassical architecture movement, and influenced the designs used by honourables to make their rural homes around the world, especially in Great Britain, Australia, and the United States in the late 17th to early 20th centuries.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Some of the best works of Western architecture, are the Coloseum, Milano Cathedral, and Florence Cathedral, the Tower of Pisa, and the draft buildings in Venice built in Italy.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italian architecture also influenced world architecture.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The British architect, Inigo Jones, inspired by the design of buildings, and cities in Italy, brought the ideas of Italian Renaissance architecture to England in the 17th century, inspired by Andrea Palladio. [183]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In addition, Italianate architecture, refreshing since the 19th century, is used to describe foreign architecture built in the Italianate style, specifically as modeled by Renaissance architecture.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Fine art Over the centuries, Italian art has evolved through many stylistic changes.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italian painting is traditionally interrupted by warm, and bright colors, as exemplified in the works of Caravaggio, and Titian, and a pleasure with drawings, and religious motifs.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italian painting enjoyed prominence in Europe for hundreds of years, since the Romanesque, and Gothic periods, and through the Renaissance, and Baroque periods, the second last being the one that witnessed its fruit in Italy.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Other notable artists who fell within these periods were Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello, Botticelli, Fra Angelico, Tintoretto, Bernini, and Raphael.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Thereafter, Italy experienced sustained conquest by foreign powers which led to a shift to political issues, and resulted in its decline as master of art in Europe.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

It was not until Futurism of the 20th century, especially through the works of Umberto Boccioni, and Giacomo Balla, that allowed Italy to regain its former perstise as a place for the evolution of artistry.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Futurism was replaced by the metaphytic paintings of Giorgio de Chirico, which greatly influenced the Surrealists, and the generation thereafter.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Literature and theater The foundation of the modern Italian language was formed by Firenze's poet, Dante Alighieri, whose greatest work, Divina Commedia, is considered one of the leading suliterary statements produced in Europe in the Middle Ages.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

There is no shortage in the glorified suliterary figures in Italy: Giovanni Boccaccio, Giacomo Leopardi, Alessandro Manzoni, Torquato Tasso, Ludovico Ariosto, and Petrarch, whose famous means of expression, the sonnet, is an original Italian find.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The leading philosophers among them Giordano Bruno, Marsilio Ficino, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Giambattista Vico.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Modern literary figures, and Nobel laureates are nationalist poet Giosuè Carducci in 1906, realist writer Grazia Deledda in 1926, modern theatre writer Luigi Pirandello in 1936, poet Salvatore Quasimodo in 1959, and Eugenio Montale in 1975, satirist, and theatre writer Dario Fo in 1997. [185]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italian theatre can be reversed to the Roman tradition that was heavily influenced by Greece; as with many other literary genres, Roman dramatists tended to adapt, and translate Greek works.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

For example, Seneca's work, Phaedra is based on Euripides, and many of Plautus's comedies constitute translations of Menander's works.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In the 16th century, and until the 18th century, Commedia dell'arte was a form of improvisational theatre, and until now it is still performed.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Troupes of safari players usually set up stages in open spaces, and provide entertainment in the form of juggling, acrobatic, and, more commonly, witty games based on the repertoire of established characters with outline grooves, called canovaccio.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Music From folk to classical music, music has always played an important role in Italian culture.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Instruments related to classical music, are the piano, and the violin, found in Italy, and many common forms of classical music, such as symphonies, concertos, and sonatas, can lead their roots to Italian musical innovations in the 16th, and 17th centuries.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The most famous composers of Italian origin were Renaissance composers (Palestrina, and Monteverdi), Baroque composers (Scarlatti, Corelli, and Vivaldi, classical composers (Paganini, and Rossini), and Romantic composers (Verdi, and Puccini).


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The modern Italian composer was Berio, and Nono proved significant in the development of experimental music, and electronic music.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

While the classical music tradition is still firmly in Italy, as evidenced by the great fame of opera houses, such as La Scala di Milano, and San Carlo in Naples, and performers such as pianist Maurizio Pollini, and tenor Luciano Pavarotti, Italians do not less of his appreciation of his evolving chapter of contemporary music.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy is well known as the birthplace of opera. [188]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italian opera is believed to have been pioneered since the early 17th century, in Italian cities such as Mantua, and Venice. [188]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Later, works created by original Italian composers from the 19th, and early 20th centuries, such as Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, Verdi, and Puccini, were among the best-known operas ever written, and are now shown in opera houses around the world.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

La Scala di Milano opera house is also known as one of the best in the world.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Famous Italian opera guides are Enrico Caruso, and Alessandro Bonci.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Introduced in the early 1920s decade, jazz took on a strong pedestal specifically in Italy, and still remains popular despite cultural policies that are ksenophobic (fear or dislike of anything foreign or from outside the country) enacted by the Fascist regime.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Now, the most famous centers of jazz music in Italy are Milano, Rome, and Sicily.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Later, Italy was at the forefront in terms of the progressive rock movement in the 1970s, with musical groups such as PFM, and Goblin.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy was also an important country in the development of disco music, and electronics, with Italo disco, known for its futuristic sound, and its prominent use of synthesizers, and drum machines, being one of the earliest electronic dance genres, also a form of European disco music alongside Euro disco (which later influenced several genres such as Eurodance, and Nu-disco).


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Producers/songwriters such as Giorgio Moroder, who won three Academy Awards for his music, have been very influential in the development of EDM (electronic dance music).


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Now, Italian pop music is featured once a year with the Sanremo Music Festival, which served as the inspiration for the Eurovision singing contest, and the Two Worlds Festival in Spoleto.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Pop diva Mina, classic gaek artist Andrea Bocelli, Grammy winner Laura Pausini, and European roster Eros Ramazzotti still receive international community praise.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Filming The history of Italian film began a few months after the Lumière brothers began an exhibition of moving images.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy's first film was an impresario of several seconds showing Pope Leo XIII giving blessing to the camera.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The Italian film industry was born in between 1903, and 1908 with three companies: Società Italiana Cines, Ambrosio Film, and Itala Film.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Other film companies appeared in Milano, and Naples.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In a short period these companies achieved reasonable production quality, and films were sold outside Italy.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Film was later used by Benito Mussolini, who founded the Cinecittà studio, reminiscent back to the glory of Rome, the studio used to make Fascist propaganda films up to World War II. [189]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

After World War II, Italian films were widely acclaimed, and exported until the receding period of artistry in the decade of the 1980s. Notable Italian film directors from this period were Vittorio De Sica, Federico Fellini, Sergio Leone, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Luchino Visconti, Michelangelo Antonioni, and Dario Argento.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The films included in the world film heritage are La dolce vita (The Sweet Life), The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly), and Bicycle Thieves (The Bicycle Thieves).


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The mid-decade of the 1940s to the end of the 1950s decade was an epoch of neorealist films, reflecting the heartbreaking state of postwar Italy. [190] [191] When the country began to grow prosperous in the 1950s decade, a form of neorealism became known as neorealism pink reached glory, and film genres, such as sword-and-sandal, and spaghetti westerns, took place in the decades of the 1960s, and 1970s. More recently, the Italian silver screen has occasionally received international attention, with films such as La vita è bella (Life is Beautiful) directed by Roberto Benigni, and Il postino (The Postman) by Massimo Troisi.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Science For centuries, Italy has spawned several famous clever-cendikia.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Among them, and perhaps the most famous polymath in history, Leonardo da Vinci has contributed to various fields including art, biology, and technology.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Galileo Galilei was a physicist, mathematician, and astronomer who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

His accomplishments were improvements in telescopes, and successive observations of astronimists, and support of Comarrianism.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Physicist Enrico Fermi, a Nobel Prize laureate, was the leader of the group that built the inaugural nuclear reactor, and is also noted for his many other donations to physics, including his participation in developing quantum theory.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

A brief review of several other well-known figures are astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini, who made many important findings about the Solar System; physicist Alessandro Volta, inventor of batteries; mathematicians Lagrange, Fibonacci, and Cardano, where Ars Magna is generally recognized as a modern treatment first towards mathematics, making fundamental advances for this field.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Marcello Malpighi, a physician, and pioneer of microscopic anatomy; biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani, who achieved important discoveries in the function of bodily faeties, animal breeding, and cell theory; physician, pathologist, scientist, and Nobel Prize laureate Camillo Golgi, whose many achievements include discoveries the Golgi complex, and his role in hacking the path to acceptance of the doctrine of Neuron; and Guglielmo Marconi, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of radio. jmpl|ka|the Italian football national team at the 1982 FIFA World Cup.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Football is, by far, the most popular sport in Italy.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italian sport has a long tradition of sportswear.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

In many branches, whether it is individual or team, Italy has a good ambassador a lot of glory that has been achieved.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The most popular sport by far is football.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Basketball, and volleyball rank second, and third after football, where Italy has a rich tradition in both of these branches.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Squadra Azzurra won the 2006 FIFA World Cup, and is now the second most popular soccer team in the world, after Brazil, to have won four FIFA World Cups. [195]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy also has a strong tradition in bicycle racing, tennis, athletics, fencing, winter sports, and rugby branches.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Scuderia Ferrari are the oldest surviving team in the Grand Prix series, have been racing since 1948, and are statistically the sheen Formula One team throughout history with a record of 15 drivers' championships dn 16 constructors' championships.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Fashion and design JMPL|left|150px|Gucci Tower in Ginza, Tokyo.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italian fashion has a long tradition, and is seen as one of the most important in the world.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Milano, Florence, and Rome are the main fashion capitals of Italy.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

According to the Global Language Monitor in 2009, Milano was nominated to be the true fashion capital of the world, even outperforming other capitals in the world, such as New York, Paris, London, and Tokyo, while Rome ranked 4th. [196]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The major Italian fashion brands, being Gucci, Prada, Versace, Valentino, Armani, Dolce & Gabbana, Missoni, Fendi, Moschino, Max Mara, and Ferragamo, are considered among the most original fashion houses in the world.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Also, the fashion magazine Vogue Italia, is seen as the most important, and most prestigious fashion magazine in the world. [197]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italy is also leading in the field of design, mainly interior design, architectural design, industrial design, and urban design.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The country has produced several well-known furniture designers, such as Gio Ponti, and Ettore Sottsass, and Italian phrases such as “Bel Disegno”, and “Linea Italiana” have entered the vocabulary of furniture design. [198]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Examples of classic Italian home furnishings, and furniture products are washing machines, and Zanussi refrigerators, [199] the “New Tone” sofas by Atrium, [199], and postgraduate bookshelves by Ettore Sottsass, inspired by Bob Dylan's song, “Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again”. [199]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Now, Milano, and Turino are central cities in the field of architectural design, and industrial design in the country.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The city of Milano is based on FieraMilano, the largest design exhibition event in Europe. [200]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Milano also serves events related to design, and major architecture, such as “Fuori Salone”, and Salone del Mobile, and is home to designers Bruno Munari, Lucio Fontana, Enrico Castellani, and Piero Manzoni. [201]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

The cuisine of modern Italian cuisine has been developed over the centuries, in hand with social, and political changes, with cultural roots that can be retreated to the 4th century BC.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italian cuisine itself has taken on many influences, ranging from the Etruscans, Ancient Greeks, Ancient Romans, Byzantines, and Jews. [202]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Significant changes emerged with the discovery of the New World with the introduction of foodstuffs such as potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, and corn, now central to Italian cuisine but never present there before the 18th century. [203] [204] Italian cuisine is known for its rejuvenation based on region, [205] [206] [207] an abundance of varying flavors, and is known as one of the most popular cuisines in the world, [208] with widespread influence. [209]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italian cuisine is embroiled by its simplicity, with many dishes involving four to eight basic ingredients. [210]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Italian cooks rely more on the quality of basic ingredients than complex processing. [211]


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Dishes, and recipes are often dayacipta of the ancestors instead of the chefs, which makes many of those recipes very suitable for applying at home.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

This is one of the main reasons that led to the growing variety of Italian cuisine, because overseas cookery magazines also disseminate Italian recipes intended for home-cooking activities.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Ingredients are basic, and dishes are very diverse in each region.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

There are many dishes that were originally regional, but have now been renationalized, and developed with varying variations throughout Italy.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Cheese, pork slices, and wine are the most important parts in Italian dishes, with many variations, and the official designation, Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC).


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

Coffee, particularly espresso, has become an important element in Italian dishes.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

See also List of Italian figures List of universities in Italy Tourism in Italy Automotive: Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Fiat, Lamborghini, Lancia, Maserati, Pagani, Vespa Food: Spaghetti, Pizza, Panettone Mafia Further reading (in Indonesian) Reference Notes Outside links (in Italian) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

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Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

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Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

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Question: How wide is the kingdom of Sicily?

Italy

General country profile - aran on CIA World Factbook - on UCB Libraries GovPubs - on Open Directory Project of BBC News Wikimedia Atlas of Italy Geographic data related to in OpenStreetMap of International Government Futures Public Institutions Tourism Category:Country in Southern Europe Category:Countries in the Middle Sea Category:G8 Countries Category:G20 Countries


Question: what is the number of Solomon Islands population in 2015?

Islam by country

Islam by country Africa Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia Somaliland South Africa Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Asia Afghanistan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China East Timor Hong Kong India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Korea Kyrgyzstan Kuwait Laos Lebanon Macau Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal North Korea Oman Pakistan Palestine Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Tibet Turkey Turkey Turkey United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen Americas Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador French Guiana Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago United States Uruguay Venezuela Europe Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kosovo Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom England Northern Ireland Scotland Wales Soviet Union Oceania Australia Cocos Islands Fiji Guam Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia Nauru New Caledonia New Zealand Northern Mariana Islands Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Islamportalvt Followers of the religion of Islam constitute the largest religious group in the world.


Question: what is the number of Solomon Islands population in 2015?

Islam by country

According to a study in 2015, Islam has 1.8 billion adherents, who make up about 24% of the world's population. [1]


Question: what is the number of Solomon Islands population in 2015?

Islam by country

Most Muslims are one of two types: Sunni (80-90%, about 1.5 billion people) [2] or Shia (10-20%, about 170-340 million people). [3]


Question: what is the number of Solomon Islands population in 2015?

Islam by country

Islam is the predominant religion in Central Asia, Indonesia, the Middle East, North Africa, the Sahel [4] [5] [6] [7] daj some other parts of Asia. [8]


Question: what is the number of Solomon Islands population in 2015?

Islam by country

About 31% of all Muslims are from South Asia (Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and India). [9] [10] The Indian sub-continent as a whole, therefore, hosts the largest Muslim population in the world, [11] In this region, however, Muslims are second in number of Hindus , because Muslims are the majority in Pakistan and Bangladesh, but not India.


Question: what is the number of Solomon Islands population in 2015?

Islam by country

The country with the largest Muslim population is Indonesia in Southeast Asia, which has its own host of 13% of the world's Muslim number. [12]


Question: what is the number of Solomon Islands population in 2015?

Islam by country

Together, Muslims in the Malay archipelago nations (which include Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Timor Lorosa'e) constitute the second or third largest Muslim population in the world.


Question: what is the number of Solomon Islands population in 2015?

Islam by country

Here Muslims are the majority in every country apart from the Philippines and East Timor.


Question: what is the number of Solomon Islands population in 2015?

Islam by country

Various Hamito-Semitic countries (including Arabs, Berbers), Turks, and Iranians in the greater Middle East-North Africa (MENA) region, [13] where Islam is the dominant religion in all countries other than Israel, [5] host 23% of the world's Muslims About 15% of Muslims live in Sub-Saharan Africa, [14] [6] [15] and Considerable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas, Caucasus, China, Europe, Horn of Africa, Mainland Southeast Asia, Philippines, Russia and Swahili coasts.


Question: what is the number of Solomon Islands population in 2015?

Islam by country

Western Europe hosts a large Muslim immigrant community of which Islam is the second largest religion after Christianity, where it represents 6% of the total population or 24 million people. [16]


Question: what is the number of Solomon Islands population in 2015?

Islam by country

Modifier and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world.


Question: what is the number of Solomon Islands population in 2015?

Islam by country

By Country See also Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Economy GDP (PPP) GDP (PPP) per capita Exports Imports Education Member states By population Largest cities Parliamentary Unionvt Muslim Society Muslim World Muslim Demographics Muslim Population Growth Religious population list Buddhism according to Hinduism country by Jewish state according to Roman Catholic state by country Protestantism by Christian country by country Records


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

Part of a series onMuhammad Life in Mecca Migration to Medina Life in Medina Farewell Pilgrimage Milestones and records Career First revelation Military career Diplomatic career Conquest of Mecca Hadith Miracles Quran Isra and Mi'raj Splitting of the moon Miracles of Muhammad Views Jews Christians Succession Event of Ghadir Khumm Hadith (Pen and Paper) Saqifah Ahl al-Bayt Sahaba History Praise Durood Naat Mawlid Islamic Perspectives Muhammad and the Bible Jewish Medieval Christian Historicity Criticism Related Mosque of the Prophet Possessions Relics Muhammadportal Islamportalvt According to al-Tabari in His History of the Prophets and Kings, after the Treaty of Hudaibiyah, Muhammad decided to send letters to a number of heads of state inviting them to embrace Islam. [1] [2] [3] Some non-Muslim experts doubted this tradition. [4]


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

Based on Islamic historiography, Muhammad sent envoys to Heraclius, Byzantine Emperor; Chosroes II, Khosrau of Persia; Negus of Ethiopia; Muqawqis, ruler of Egypt; Harith Gassani, governor of Syria; Munzir ibn Sawa; and ruler of Bahrain. [5]


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

The Byzantine Emperor Here is the content of the letter to Heraclius according to Islamic historians: “من محمد بن عبد الله إلى هرقل عيم الروم: سلام على من اتبع الهدى الهدى الهدى الإسالسالسالالسالالعوك بدعوة م.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

أسلم تسلم ويتك الله أجرك مرتين فإن توليت فإن عليك إح م الأريسيسيِين.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

{قليَا أَهِلالِكِتَابتَعَالَوا إِلَكَلِمَسَوَابَيِنَنَا وَنَا وَبَيوَبَيقنَكمم أَلَا نَعانَعم بَالم سعم بَالم سعم بَالم سعم بم سعم دالم سعم بم سعم دالم سعم با اللَح هاوَلَا نشِرِكبم هشَيا وَلَا يَلَا يَتَاخم م بَعضابَعَا بَعِضا أَربَابَابا مزن داللَقهتَهن فَزن َوَلَح وا فَقولوا اشهَدوا بم أَنَنَح ا مسِلم مران} [سورة آل عمران: 64].


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

By the name of Allah, Compassionate and Merciful.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

From Muhammad the servant of God and his messenger to Heraclius the Roman magnifier.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

Welcome to those who follow the right instructions.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

I hereby invite the master to adhere to the teachings of Islam.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

Accept the teachings of Islam, sir will be congratulated.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

God will reward twice to the lord.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

If the master refuses, then the sin of the Arisiyin becomes the responsibility of the master.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

“O People of the Book.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

Let us hold on to the same word between us and you, which is that there is nothing we worship but God and we will not associate Him with anything, that one will not take the other to be a god but God.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

But if they are evasive, say to them, witness that we are Islamists.”


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

(Quran 3:64)” King of Ethiopia Here is the content of the letter from Muhammad to Negus, King of Ethiopia: “كتاب رسول الإسلام صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى النجاشي بسم الله الرحيم من محمد الرحيم محمد المد رسول إسلام إلى النجاشى ملك الحبشة: سلام عليك إنى أحمد الله إليك الله الله الم لا إله إلا هو الملك القدوس السلام الممن المن المن الهمن الممن الهمن الممن الهمن الممن الهمن الممن الممن المن وأشهد أن عيسى بن مريم روح الله وكلمته ألقاها إلى مريم البتول الطيبة الحصينة الحصينة فحملت بعيسى فخلقه الله من روه كما آلق دم بيده وإنى أدعوك وجنودك إلى الله عز وجل وقد بلغت ونصحت فاقبلوا نصحى والسلام على من اتبع الهدى By the name of God Most Merciful, Most Merciful.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

From Muhammad the Messenger of Allah, greetings to Najasyi, the magnifier of Habasyah.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

Greetings to who follows the instructions.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

Amma ba'du.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

Verily, I have merciful to no God except Him, the Most Holy, the All-Giver of Salvation, the All-the Giver of Security, the Most Protective.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

And I testify that Jesus the son of Mary (blew) of the spirit from Allah (which he delivered) with His sentence to the virgin Mary, who was good and guarding herself and conceived (the baby) Jesus from His revelation and typification as he created Adam with His hand.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

I invite you to the One God, do not associate anything to Him, and obey Him and follow me and believe (teachings) that come to me.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

I am the messenger of Allah.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

And I invite you and your soldiers to Allah the Mighty and Great.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

I have conveyed and I have counseled; so accept my advice.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

Greetings to those who follow this lead.”


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

Governor of Bahrain Here is the content of a letter from Muhammad to Munzir bin Sawa al-Tamimi: “رساله رسول اله صلى الله عليه وسلم محمد للمنر بن ساوي التميمى بسم الرحمن الرحمن مد رسول الله إلى المنقر بن ساوي سلام عليك فإني أحمد الله إليك القي لا إلا إله إلا هو اوأشهد أن لا إلا الله اله وأن محمداعبده ورسوله.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

أما بعد: فإني أِكرك الله عز وجل فإنه من ينصح فإنما ينصح لنفسه ومن يطع رسلي ويتبع أمرهم فقد أطاعني ومن ينصلهم فقد صح لي وإنرسلي قد أح نوا عليك خيراوإني قد شفعتفي قومكفي قومكفاتركلمسلمين ما أسلموا عليه وعفوتعن أهل الزنب فاقبل منهم وإنك مهما تصلن فلن نعزلكعن عملك ومن أقام على يهودية أو مجوسية فعليه الجزية.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

By the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Merciful.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

From Muhammad the Messenger of Allah to al-Munzir ibn Sawi greetings upon you.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

So verily, to You Allah, I praise no other God, and I confess that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger, and after that I remind you of Allah Azzawajala, then indeed whoever counsels him, and whoever counsels him, and whoever who obeys me and whoever advises them has advised me.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

In fact, my messengers have praised you well; verily through you I gave my intercession to your people, so let the Muslims with their freedom and your forgiveness of the competitors, so accept them.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

If you continue to be good, then we will not dismiss you from duty, and anyone who is still with a Jewish or advanced handle is obliged to pay jizyah. [6]” Muqawqis from Egypt here is the letter from Muhammad to Muqawqis: “بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم, من محمد رسول له إلى المقوقس عيم أقبالقبن: سلام على من اتبع الهدى أما بعد فإني أدعوك بدعوك بدعوة الإسلام أسلم تسلم يتك اله أجرك مرين مرين ِليَا أَهِلالِكزتَابتَعَالَوا إم لَكَلم مَسَوَابَيبَينَنَا وَنَا وَبَينَكن أَلَقا نَعم بم الم الم ام ام الم ام ام الم ام ام ام الم ام ام الم ام ام ام الم ام ام الم ام ام للَِهوَلَا نشِرِكبم هشَيا وَلَا يَلَا يَتَح خم م بَعقضنَا بَعم ابَعح ضا أَرِبَابا مِنداللَح هفَإِنتَوَلَلَقوم افَقولوا اشهَدوا بم أَنَنَامَنَامالم By name of Allah Most Merciful, Most Merciful.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

From Muhammad the servant of Allah and the Messenger of Allah.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

To the Muqawqis of the Ruler of Qibthi.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

Welcome to those who follow the instructions.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

Amma ba'du.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

I invite you with the da'wah of Islam.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

Anut the religion of Islam and you survived.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

Allah will give you twice the reward.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

But when you turn away, you will bear the sins of the Qibthis.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

O People of the Book, come to a word of decree with which there is no dispute between us, that we worship nothing but Allah, nor associate Him with anything.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

Nor do some of us make some others as God apart from God.


Question: In what year did Muqawqis become rulers of Egypt?

Muhammad's letters to heads of state

If they turn away, then say to them, 'Witness that we are the ones who surrender ourselves to Allah (Muslims). [8]” Reference Category:Life of Muhammad Category:Surat


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

The Great Mosque of Central Java is a mosque located in Semarang, Central Java province, Indonesia.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

The mosque began construction from 2001 until its overall completion in 2006.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

The mosque stands on 10 hectares of land.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

The Grand Mosque was inaugurated by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono on 14 November 2006.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

Central Java Grand Mosque (MAJT) is a provincial mosque for the province of Central Java.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

History The existence of this mosque building is not separated from the Great Mosque of Kauman Semarang.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

The construction of MAJT started from the return of the land of banda (treasure) of waqf belonging to the Great Mosque of Kauman Semarang which has been indeterminate for a long time.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

The raib banda waqf of Kauman Great Mosque Semarang started from the process of swapping land waqf Kauman Mosque area of 119,127 ha managed by BKM (Mosque Welfare Board) formations of Religious Affairs Depag Central Java.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

With the reason that the land is not productive, by BKM the land was exchanged with 250 ha of land in Demak through PT.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

Sambirejo.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

Then it changed hands to PT.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

Tensindo belongs to Tjipto Siswoyo.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

The result of the struggle of many parties to restore the banda waqf of the Great Mosque Kauman Semarang was sweet fruit after going through a long struggle.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

MAJT itself was built on one plot of land banda waqf Kauman Great Mosque Semarang which has returned.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

On June 6, 2001, the Governor of Central Java established the Coordination Team for the Development of the Great Mosque of Central Java to deal with problems both fundamental and technical.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

Thanks to the sublime intentions and close relationship, in a very short working time the basic decisions can already be determined: land status, financing approval from the Budget by the Central Java Parliament, as well as the selection of tread land and space program.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

Then the construction of the mosque began on Friday, September 6, 2002, which was marked by the inaugural stake conducted by the Minister of Religious Affairs, Prof. Dr. H. Said Agil Husen al-Munawar, KH.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

MA Sahal Mahfudz and Governor of Central Java, H. Mardiyanto.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

The installation of the first stake was also attended by seven ambassadors from friendly countries, namely Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Egypt, Palestine, and Abu Dhabi.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

Thus, the eyes and attention of the international world also supported the building of the Great Mosque of Central Java.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

MAJT was inaugurated on 14 November 2006 by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudoyono.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

Mosque with land area of 10 hectares and main building area for prayers 7,669 square meters overall construction of this mosque cost Rp 198,692,340,000.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

Although it was only inaugurated on 14 November 2006, but the mosque had functioned for worship long before that date.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

This magnificent mosque has been used for the first time on 19 March 2004 with Khatib Drs. H. M. Chabib Thoha, MA, (Kakanwil Depag Central Java) Architecture of Central Java Grand Mosque designed in mixed Javanese, Islamic and Roman architectural style.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

Architectured by Ir. H. Ahmad Fanani from PT.


Question: Who founded the Great Mosque of Central Java?

Grand Mosque of Central Java

Atelier Enam Jakarta which won the MAJT design ceremony in 2001.