Question: What is the area of Jogjakarta?

Special Region of Yogyakarta

Education Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY) State Islamic University (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga National Development University “Veteran” Yogyakarta (UPVYK) Indonesian Art Institute Yogyakarta (ISI Yogyakarta) Air Force Academy (AAU) is military education school Air Force Leather Academy Kemenperin Poltekes Kemenkes Kemenkes National Land High School (STPN), formerly named Agrarian Academy of Colombia Private University Ahmad Dahlan University (UAD) Atma Jaya University Yogyakarta (UAJY) Cokroaminoto University Yogyakarta (UCY) Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII), is the oldest private university in the University of Janabadra (UJB) Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana (UKDW) Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta (UMBY) Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY) Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta (UPY) Universitas Respati Indonesia (UPY) UNRIYO) Sanata Dharma University (USD) University of Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa (UST) Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta (UTY) Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta (UTY) University of Technology Yogyakarta (UTY) University of Technology Yogyakarta (UTY) University of Technology Yogyakarta (formerly OM) Multi Media High School MMTC Yogyakarta High School of Nuclear Technology School of Tourism AMPTA Yogyakarta (STP AMPTA) Ambarukmo Yogyakarta Tourism College (STIPram) College of Village Community Development (APMD) College Tinggi Tinggi Tinggi Tinggi Tinggi Tinggi Tinggi Tinggi Tinggi Tinggi Tinggi Adisucipto (STTA) Aerospace Technology Yogyakarta (STTKD) National School of Technology (STTNAS Yogyakarta) College of Fine Arts and Design Vision Indonesia (STSRD Visi Indonesia), School of Health Sciences 'Aisyiyah Sekolah Tinggi Health Sciences Achmad Yani Yogyakarta National Land College (STPN) Yogyakarta High School of Management Sciences (STIM) YKPN Yogyakarta High School of Health Sciences Guna Bangsa Bangsa Yogyakarta High School of Health Sciences Alma Ata Yogyakarta Academy and polytechnic AA YKPN POLISENI POLTEKKES AKPER Notokusumo Midwifery Academy Yogyakarta Academy of Leather Technology Yogyakarta Agricultural Academy Yogyakarta Tourism Colombia temple tourism Prambanan temple, the world's most beautiful Hindu temple Kalasan temple The oldest Buddhist relics in Yogyakarta Kraton Ratu Boko, Splendor on the hill full of peace Ijo Temple, the highest location in Yogyakarta Temple Abang Temple Easy Sari Temple Kedulan Temple Sambisari Temple Sorogedug Temple Kimpulan Temple Gembirowati Temple Klodangan Temple Banyunibo Temple Morangan Temple Risan Temple Palgading Temple Watu Gudhig Temple Dawangsari Temple Miri Temple Keblak Temple Gebang Candi Barong Temple Pringtali Temple Pringtali Temple Plembutan Temple Mantup Site Payak Site Mangir Arca Bugisan Site Arca Gupolo Site Sentono Cave Site Sokoliman Site Gondangan Site Bleberan Beach Tour Colombia Bantul Area 1 Parangtritis Beach Parangkusumo Beach Parangendok Beach Depok Beach Bantul Area 2 Samas Beach Pandansari Beach/Patehan Cave Cemara Beach Kuwaru Beach New Beach PandanSimo Gunungkidul Area 1 Baron Beach Kukup Beach Drini Beach/Drini Island Watu Kodok Beach Along Krakal Beach Sadranan Beach Sundak Beach Indrayanti Beach Slili Beach Gunungkidul Area 2 Pok Tunggal Beach Sadeng Beach Timang Beach Jogan Beach Lambor Beach Siung Beach Wediombo Beach Jungwo Beach Gunungkidul Area 3 Ngobaran Beach Ngrenehan Beach Need Beach Gesing Beach Wahkudu Beach Grigak Beach Grigak Area Kulonprogo Beach Glagah Beach Congot Beach Bugel Beach Trisik Beach Cave Tour Colombia Cave Bull Cave Banyaksongo Cave Bribin Cemplong Cave Cerme Cave Cave Cave Cave Cave Cave Cave Cave Cave Cave Cerme Cave Cave Cave Cave Cave Grubuk Cave Japan Jlamprong Cave Jomblang Cave Kali Sacred Cave Kaligede Cave Kebon Kebon Cave Kebon Kedokan Cave Kiskendo Cave Langse Cave Maria Jatiningsih Mariatritis Cave Ngingrong Cave Ngobaran Cave Ngularan Cave Nogosari Cave Pari Cave Pindul Cave Ploso Cave Rancang Kencono Cave Rancang Cave Selarong Cave Semuluh Cave Seropan Cave Sigolo-Golo Cave Sioyot Cave Slisi Cave Sodong Cave Smriti Cave Sunan Mas Cave Sundak Cave Tapan Cave Tapan Cave Toto Shopping Colombia Malioboro Beringharjo Market XT Square Kasongan Gabusan Art Market Ornamental plants and animals Pasta Market Klithikan Ambarukmo Plaza Galeria Mall Malioboro Mall Crowded Mall Saphir Square Hartono Lifestyle Mall Jogja Sahid Yogya Lifestyle City Jogja City Mall Ngasem Market Nature Tours Colombia Wanagama Kaliadem Kaliurang Waterfall Sri Gethuk Peak Suroloyo Mount Nglanggeran Slopes Merapi Sermo Reservoir Others Colombia Zoo Gembang Loka Water Palace Taman Sari Monument Jogja Back Museum Palace Yogyakarta Museum Sonobudoyo Burial Imogiri Leather Crafts Manding Bantul Taman Pintar Yogyakarta (Central Education Tourism) Girigondo Sendratari Ramayana Prambanan Cemetery, is a performance that combines dance and drama without dialogue, lifted from Ramayana story.


Question: What is the area of Jogjakarta?

Special Region of Yogyakarta

The twin provinces of Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, State of California, United States.


Question: What is the area of Jogjakarta?

Special Region of Yogyakarta

See also List of museums in Yogyakarta List of Indonesian Provinces Yogyakarta Kasultanate Kadipaten Paku Alaman Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat List of Yogyakarta figures Yogyakarta Private Ombudsman Institution Special Region Yogyakarta Javanese Cuisine History Privileges and Government Prop.


Question: What is the area of Jogjakarta?

Special Region of Yogyakarta

DIY TransJogja Parangtritis Pantai Gallery Reference Description Outlinks (in English) (in English) (in English) (in English) (in English) (in English) Template:S-BoxTemplate:S-Box Coordinates: Category:Provinces in Indonesia


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

François Oscar de Négrier (2 October 1839 — 22 August 1913) was one of the most charismatic French generals of the Third Republic, he was well known in Algeria in the Sud-Oranais campaign (1881) and in Tonkin during the Sino-French War (August 1884 — April 1887).


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Early in career Born in Belfort, France on October 2, 1839, De Négrier served with Marshal François Achille Bazaine in the Rhein Troops during the French-Prussian War, and was among the thousands of French officers who laid down arms when Bazaine surrendered his troops at Metz.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

He then escaped from Prussian captivity and joined the national defense forces for the rest of the war.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

The Sino-French War De Négrier arrived in Tonkin in February 1884, and was given command of the second Brigade of the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

During the period of undeclared hostilities that preceded the Sino-French War he took part in the Bắc Ninh Campaign (March 1884) and the subsequent campaign to capture Hung Hóa (April 1884).


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

In June 1884 he was sent by General Charles-Théodore Millot, chief general of the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps, to assist Colonel Alphonse Dugenne with auxiliary forces when news of Bac Lệ's attack arrived in Hanoi. [1]


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

During the Sino-French War he commanded three French ranks involved in the Kep Campaign (October 1884).


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

The largest of these ranks, under his personal command, defeated the right wing of the Guangxi Cinese Forces at the Battle of Kep (8 october).


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

De Négrier was wounded in the leg in this battle, and fell from his horse.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

His troops, believing he had been killed, gave no money to the Chinese defenders when they stormed the village of Kep.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

In January 1885 de Négrier won the Battle of Núi Bop, often considered his professional masterpiece.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

In February 1885 he commanded the second Brigade in the Lạng Sơn Campaign, in which the Tonkin Expeditionary Corp expelled the Chinese from their camps at Dong Song and Bac Vie and captured Lạng Sơn.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Soon after the French capture of Lạng Sơn, General Louis Brière de l'Isle returned to Hanoi with Lieutenant Colonel Giovanninelli's 1st Brigade to relieve the Siege of Tuyên Quang, leaving de Négrier at Lang Son with the second Brigade.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

On February 23, 1885, de Négrier advanced from Lang Son and defeated the already demoralized Guangxi Forces at Đồng Đăng, close to the Chinese border, expelling the Chinese from Tonkin altogether.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

De Négrier briefly crossed into Guangxi province and blew up the China Gate, an elaborate ceremonial gate erected by the Chinese in Zhennan to mark the border between China and Annam. [2]


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

The Chinese reinforced the Guangxi Army in March 1885, and on 22 March, one detachment of Chinese troops from Feng Zicai's command crossed into Tonkin and overran the French forward positions at Đồng Đăng.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

To prevent further attacks by the Chinese, de Négrier decided to pursue the raiders across the border with most of the 2nd Brigade and attack the Chinese at their camp which had become entrenched at Bang Bo near Zhennan, hoping the element of surprise would replace the lack of amount.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

On 23 March the French took work outside the Chinese camp at Bang Bo, but on 24 March 1885 further attacks on the Chinese suffered failures, and de Négrier was forced to withdraw from the fighting.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

The Battle of Bang Bo was the only defeat he suffered in his entire military career. [3]


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

The Guangxi forces cautiously pursued the French, and four days later launched a devastating frontal assault on the defences of Lạng Sơn.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

The Battle of Ky Lua, on 28 March 1885, was an easy victory for the French, but de Négrier was shot in the chest and mortally wounded while scouting Chinese positions in preparation for a French counterattack, and was forced to hand over command to Lieutenant Colonel Paul Gustave Herbinger, one of his two regimental commanders.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Herbinger, a theoretical soldier with little command experience in the field, lost his mind.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

More than a thousand Chinese corpses lay in front of the second Brigade's position, and the Chinese were seen panicking towards the border, leaving only a small rear row at Ky Lua to protect their retreat.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Herbinger was not impressed.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Ignoring all evidence that the Guangxi Army had been conclusively defeated, and confident that the 2nd Brigade would be besieged if it remained, he took the controversial decision to abandon Lạng Sơn and return to stronger defensive positions at Kep and Chu.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

This misjudgment turned de Négrier's tactical victory at Ky Lua into a strategic defeat. [4]


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

De Négrier's later career quickly recovered from his Ky Lua wound, and in May 1885, shortly after the end of the Sino-French War, was appointed commander of the 2nd Division of the expanded Tonkin Expeditionary Corps.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

General Brière de l'Isle had been offered command of the 1st Division, and made it a condition of his acceptance that de Négrier got the 2nd Division.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

De Négrier was not in his best service under General Henri Roussel de Courcy.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Instead of fighting against Chinese regular forces where his tactical abilities had every chance to shine, he was asked to trade punishment against the elusive concentration of Vietnamese guerrilla.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

In December 1885 he swept the Bai Sai area near Hanoi with a line of 3,000 men.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Sweepers combed several guerrillas, and French casualties from cholera in de Négrier's ranks were heavy.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

The exasperated French silenced all the prisoners they brought and de Négrier, a traditional soldier who found it difficult to adapt to guerrilla warfare tactics, did nothing to stop them.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

The net result of this brutal campaign may be to win more new members and increase sympathy for the rebels.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

De Négrier was attached to the Imperial Japanese Army as an official observer of France during the Russo-Japanese War, and published a war report, Lessons from the Russo-Japanese War (London, 1905), soon after its closure.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

De Négrier De Négrier's leadership was by far the most popular French commander in Tonkin during the Sino-French War.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

After the Bắc Ninh Campaign the soldiers of the Tonkin Expeditionary Corp devised Vietnamese nicknames for General Charles-Théodore Millot and two brigade commanders.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

De Négrier, admired for his driving power, became Maolen (mau lên, 'Hurry! ').


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Louis Briere de l'Isle, whose army had been defeated at Bac Ninh by de Négrier, was Mann Mann (màn màn, 'Slow! ').


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Millot, who had stopped de Négrier's pursuit of the beaten Chinese soldiers at Kep and, in the eyes of the soldiers, prevented him from going to Lạng Sơn, became Toi Toi (thôi thôi, 'Stop! '). [5]


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

De Négrier had a way with words that endeared him to most French servicemen.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

His most famous motif was made in December 1883 in Algeria, while reviewing the second Battalion of the French Foreign Legion on the eve of its departure to Tonkin to take part in the Bắc Ninh Campaign: Vous, légionnaires, vous êtes soldats pour mourir, et je vous envoie où l'on meurt!


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

('Legioner, you become a warrior to die, and I will take you to a place where you can die! ')


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

De Négrier had a quality known by the French as a coup, the ability to make instant judgments on the battlefield and make answers accordingly.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Sergeant Maury of the 2nd Legion Battalion witnessed de Négrier in action at the Battle of Pho Vy (10 February 1885), one of the many confusing conflicts against the Chinese during the Lạng Sơn Campaign: Suddenly we stopped being spectators, and took part in the action ourselves.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

General de Négrier rode over to give orders to de Saxcé's battery, which we were still guarding, and called our captain, 'Cotter, have you prepared your whole army?


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

'Mister. '


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

He turned to the captain of the battery.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

“Your battery is not in danger, is it, de Saxcé?”


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

'Mister. ' 'Right!


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Cotter, take your army and catch the hill.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Those damned Chinese people don't seem to want to be kicked out.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Then he turned to us.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

'Let's go, son!


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Chin, forward forward!


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Show them you didn't use a knife just to eat your rations! ' [6] De Négrier had a hasty temper, but it was redeemed by a ready sense of humor, and his troops enjoyed occasional volcanic eruptions.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Second Lieutenant René Normand of the 111th Line Battalion (killed in action a month later in the Battle of Bang Bō) reminisced about an incident typical during the Lạng Sơn Campaign in February 1885:General de Négrier began concentrating his forces.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

The lineup moved forward slowly, in one sequence, and when he watched it he said to us, “The thing about war is you have to learn to be patient.”


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

As soon as the words came out of his mouth, a cannon stalled.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

He pushed towards the wretched gun section.


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

'Oh, for God's sake!


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Let the**** thing move! '


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Then he laughed out loud, and it blew us all away. [7]


Question: When was François Oscar de Négrier elevated to general?

Oscar de Négrier

Reference Notes Armengaud, Jean Louis, Lang-Son: journal des opérations qui ont précédé et suivi la prise de cette citadelle (R. Chapelot, Paris, 1901) Bonifacy, A propos d'une collection de peintures chinoises représentant divers épisodes de la guerre franco-chinoise de 1884—1885 (Primerie d'Extrême-Orient, Hanoi, 1931, 41 pp.) de Lonlay, Dick, Au Tonkin, 1883—1885, récits anecdotiques (Garnier frères, Paris, 1886, 599 pp.) Dreyfus, Gaston, Lettres du Tonkin, 1884-6 (Paris, 1888; reprint: L'Harmattan, Collection “Mémoires asiatiques”, Paris, 2001, iii + 207 pp.) Duboc, Emile, Trente cinq mois de campagne en Chine, au Tonkin — Courbet — Rivière (1882—1885) Preface by Pierre Loti (Charavay, Mantoux, Martin, Librairie d'éducation de la jeunesse, Paris, 1899, 324 pp.) Garnot, Eugène-Germain, l'Expédition française de Formose, 1884—1885 (C. Delagrave, Paris, 1894, 239 pp.) Grisot, Paul-Adolphe, et Coulombon, Ernest-Auguste-Ferdinand, La légion étrangère de 1831 à 1887 (Berger-Levrault, Paris, 1888, 589 pp.) Harmant, Jacques, (A. Savine, Paris, 1892, ix + 339 pp.) Hocquard, Charles-Edouard, Une campagne au Tonkin (Hachette, Paris, 1892, 539 pp.) Huard, Lucian, La guerre du Tonkin (Paris, 1887, 1212 pp.) Lecomte, Jean-François-Alphonse, Le guet-apens de Bac-Lé (Berger- Levrault & Cie, Paris, 1890, 212 pp.) Lecomte, Jean-François-Alphonse, Lang-Son: combats, retraite et négociations (Charles-Lavauzelle, Paris, Limoges, 1895, 555 pp. Re-edition 2008: Vol.1, 236 pp.; Vol.2, 344 pp.) Lung Chang [龍], Yueh-nan yu Chung-fa chan-cheng [南中, Vietnam and the Sino-French War] ( Normand, René-Alexandre-Louis-Victor, Lettres du Tonkin de novembre 1884 à mars 1885 (Paul Ollendorff, Paris, 1886, 267 pp.) Thomazi, Auguste, Histoire militaire de l'Indochine français (Hanoi, 1931) Thomazi, Auguste, La conquête de l'Indochine (Payot, Paris, 1934, 291 pp.) Category:Birth 1839 Category:Death 1913 Category:General France Category:French Figures


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

xx<b data-parsoid='{"dsr":[1110,1132,3,3]}'>Asoka the Great (also Ashoka, Aśoka, dilafazzed as Ashoka) was the ruler of the Gupta Empire from 273 BC to 232 BC.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

An adherent of Buddhism, Asoka controlled most of the Indian subcontinent, from what is now called Afghanistan to Bangladesh and in the south to as far as Mysore.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

The name “Asoka” means' without sorrow' in Sanskrit (a — without, soka — sorrow).


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka was the first leader of Ancient Bharata (India), after the luminary leaders of the Mahabharata, who united this vast territory under his empire, which even transcended the boundaries of the sovereign territory of the country of India today.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

The British writer H. G. Wells wrote of Asoka: “In the history of the world, there were thousands of kings and emperors who called themselves 'The Great One', 'The Glorious' and 'The Very Glorious' and so on.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

They glow for a short time, and then quickly disappear.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

But Asoka still shines and shines brilliantly like a brilliant star even today” (Original in English: “In the history of the world there have been thousands of kings and emperors who called themselves 'Their Highnesses', 'Their Majesties' and 'Their Exalted Majesties' and so on.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

They shone for a brief moment, and as quickly disappeared.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

But Ashoka shines and shines brightly like a bright star, even until this day”).


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka's early life was the son of maharaja Maurya, maharaja Bindusara of a concubine whose rank was rather low and named subhadrangi whose late was called Dharma because he followed the path of righteousness.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka has several older brothers and only one younger brother, Drupadh.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Because of his emulating cleverness and warring ability, he is said to be the favorite grandson of his grandfather, the maharaja of Candragupta Maurya.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

So as told in the form of legend, when Candragupta Maurya left his kingdom to live as a Jain, he threw away his sword.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka finds his sword and keeps it.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

The path to Maka power while he developed into an accomplished warrior and a shrewd statesman, Asoka led several regimens of the Maurya army.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

His rising popularity throughout the imperial territories made his older brothers become jealous as they were anxious he could be chosen Bindusara to be maharaja henceforth.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

His eldest brother, prince Susima, the first crown prince, persuaded Bindusara to send Asoka to overcome an uprising in the city of Taxila, in the northwestern province of Sindhu, where prince Susima was its governor.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Taxila was a turbulent area because its population was a warlike Greek-Indian tribe and also because the rule of his elder brother, prince Susima was chaotic.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Therefore in this area, many militias are formed that mess up security.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka agreed and turned to the riot area.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

So when the news that Asoka was coming to see them with his army, he was greeted with respect by the rebellious militiamen and the rebellion could be ended without bloodshed.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

(The province in later times revolted LaBugi when Asoka ruled, but was later overlain with an iron hand).


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka's success made his brothers even more anxious about his intent to become the successor maharaja, so Susima's incitement to Bindusara made him dispose of Asoka.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka then went to Kalinga and hid his heart.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

There he meets a female fisherman named Kaurwaki, and he falls in love.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Newly discovered inscriptions indicate that she would later become the second or third consort of her concubine.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Meanwhile, there was an uprising again, this time in Ujjayani (Ujjain).


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Maharaja Bindusara invited Asoka back after being banished for two years.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka went to Ujjayani and at the battle there was wounded, but his hulubalans managed to quash the rebellion.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka was then treated secretly so that the loyal followers of prince Susima could not injure him.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

He was taken care of by Buddhist monks and bhiksuni.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

It was here that he first became acquainted with Buddhism, and here he met the Goddess, who was his personal nurse and the daughter of a merchant named Widisha.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

So after recovering, he married her.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

It is unacceptable to Bindusara that one of his sons was married to a Buddhist adherent, so he did not allow him to stay in Pataliputra, but sent him back to Ujjayani and made into a governor.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

The next year goes quite quietly for her and the Goddess will give birth to her first son.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Meanwhile maharaja Bindusara mangkat.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

While news of the unborn crown prince spreads, Prince Susima intends to kill him; but the killer instead kills his mother.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

According to legend, in a state of wrath, prince Asoka attacked Pataliputra (now Patna), and beheaded his elder brothers all including Susima, and dumped him in a well in Pataliputra.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

At that time many people called it Canda Asoka which means Asoka the killer and unloving.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

While Asoka ascended the throne, he expanded his imperial territory in a period of eight years later from the borders of areas now called Bangladesh and Assam in India in the east to areas in Iran and Afghanistan in the west; from Palmir Knots to almost at the tip of the Indian diploma in the south of India.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

The conquering of Kalingga While the early stages of Asoka's leadership proved to be quite bloodthirsty, he later became a follower of Buddhist teachings after conquering Kalingga, an area that is now the Indian state of Orissa.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Kalingga is a country proud of its independence and democracy; with its monarchical and parliamentary democracy, this country can be said to be an exception in Ancient Bharata, because there is the concept of Rajadharma, which means the obligation of the leaders, which is based in combination with concept of courage and Ksatriyadharma.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

The origin of the Kalingga War (265 BC or 263 BC is unclear.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

One of Susima's brothers likely fled to Kalingga and was formally granted asylum there.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

This greatly incurred Asoka's wrath.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

He was advised by his ministers of attacking Kalingga for this act of treason.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka then asked Kalingga to submit to his power.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

When they rejected his dictation, Asoka sent one of his warlords so that they might submit.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

The warlord and his army lost and fled thanks to the cleverness of the warlord Kalingga.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka who was astonished at this defeat, attacked with an army the largest that had never existed in Indian history up to that point.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Kalingga resisted fiercely but they were not the equivalents of Asoka's powerful war forces.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

The entire Kalingga region was plundered and destroyed: the Asoka charters later mentioned that on the Kalingga side more or less 100,000 souls were killed while the number of Asoka warriors killed was approximately 10,000.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Thousands of men and women were dumped anyway.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka entered Buddha According to the legend story, one day after the war was over, Asoka roamed the city and all that could be seen were burning houses and corpses roaming everywhere.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

This sickened him and he shouted with the words that became luminary: “What have I done?”


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

This abomination of conquest eventually led him to embrace Buddhism and he used his post to promote this still relatively new philosophy until it became known everywhere, as far as Rome and Egypt.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

From then on Asoka, formerly known as “the cruel Asoka” (Canda Asoka) came to be known as the “Pious Asoka” (Dharmâsoka).


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

He then promoted the Buddhist stream of Wibhajyawada and spread it within his territory and throughout the known world starting from 250 BC.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Maharaja Asoka can be said to be the first to seriously strive for the establishment of Buddhist political units.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

In this endeavour, he was assisted by his noble son Mahinda and his daughter Sanghamitta (meaning “partner of the Sangha”) and who brought Buddhism to Sri Lanka.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka built thousands of stupas and monasteries for Buddhist adherents.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

The stupas at Sanchi are very luminary and the stupa named Sanchi Stupa I was founded by Maharaja Asoka.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

For the rest of his reign, he adhered to the official policy of anti-violence ahingsa.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Even the pointless slaughtering and torture of animals is forbidden.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Wildlife is protected by the maharaja's laws prohibiting hunting for sport and charging leisure time.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Hunting is on a limited basis allowed for the intent of consumption but Asoka also promotes the concept of vegetarianism.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka also put mercy on the inmates at the prison.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

They are allowed to take time off, a day within a year.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

He sought to increase the professional ambitions of commoners by establishing study centers that could possibly be called universities.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

He also strives for an irrigation system for agriculture.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Its people are treated equally, whatever their degree, religion, political bow, race, tribe and caste.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

The kingdoms around his real territory were easily conquered he made an honorable ally.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka is also believed to build hospitals for animals and renovate major roads connecting areas in India.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

After her change, Asoka became known as Dhammashoka (Pali language), meaning Asoka, adherent of the Dhamma, or Asoka the Soleh.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Its form in Sanskrit is Dharmâsoka.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka then defined the basic principles of dharma (dhamma) as anti-violence, tolerance of all religious sects or streams, and all opinions, obeying parents, respecting Brahmins, religious teachers and pandita, benevolent towards comrades, humane treatment overlooking the helpers, and generous towards everyone.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

These principles allude to the general bow of ethics of practice towards one where no religious or social group can oppose.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Some critics argue that Asoka fears more wars.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

But in fact its neighboring states, including the empire of Seleucus and the Bactrian-Greek kingdoms founded by Diodotus I, none could match Asoka's power.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka lived at the same time as Antiochus I Soter and his successor Antiochus II Theos of the Seleucus dynasty as so did Diodotus I and his son Diodotus II of the Bactrian-Greek kingdom.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

If his inscriptions and trophies are carefully studied, then it can be concluded that he knew the Hellenistic World but was never amazed.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

His chapters that talk about friendly relations, give Antiochus of the empire of Seleucus and Ptolemeus III of Egypt.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

But the fame of the Maurya empire has been spread since Asoka's grandfather Candragupta Maurya defeated Seleucus Nicator, the founder of the Seleucus dynasty.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

The source of much of our knowledge of Asoka is the inscriptions he left behind and sculpted on pillars and stones throughout the territory of his empire.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Maharaja Asoka was also known as Piyadasi (in Pali) or Priyadarsi (in Sanskrit) meaning “good berparas” or “endowed with the Gods with good blessings”.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

All his inscriptions had an imperial touch and showed a deep sense of fellow love; he greeted his subjects with the word “my sons”.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

These inscriptions promote morals according to Buddhism and give spirit to non-violence and steadfastness in practicing the Dharma (obligation or virtuous act).


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

These inscriptions also talk about his fame and conquered countries as well as neighboring countries trying to destroy him.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Information about Kalinga's warfare can also be obtained as well as about Asoka's allies.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Then information about civilian rule is also there.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

The pillars of Asoka at Sarnath are the best known relics of Asoka.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

They were made from granite stone and record Asoka's visit to the maharaja of Sarnath in the 3rd century BC.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

These pillars have shoots in the shape of four lion heads standing behind each other.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

The coat of arms of modern India are these four lions.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

The lion in addition to symbolizing the power of Asoka, also symbolizes the royal nature of the Buddha (the lion is considered the king of the forest who rejuvenates all wildlife and the Buddha is a crown prince).


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

In exploring the texts located on the inscriptions on these pillars, historians can learn a lot about the Maurya Empire.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

But it is difficult whether what is written on it is all true or not.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

What is clear is that these texts show us how the maharaja of Asoka wanted to be remembered.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka's own words as known from his trophies are: “Everyone is my son.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

I'm like their father.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Like a father wants kindness and happiness for his son, I want everyone to always be happy.”


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Edward D'Cruz interpreted the dharma of maharaja Ashoka as “a religion used as a symbol of an imperial union and an adhesive cement to combine the heterogeneous and different elements of this empire”.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

See also: Piagam-charter Asoka Death and his legacy Maharaja Asoka reigned for 41 years, and after his founding, the Maurya dynasty still persisted for more than 50 years.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Asoka had many concubines and children, but their names are not known.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Mahinda and Sanghamitta are twins born to his first wife, Goddess in the city of Ujjayini.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

He trusted them to spread Buddhism in the known and unidentified world.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Mahinda and Sanghamitta went to Sri Lanka and included the King, Queen and his subjects Buddhism.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

They then traveled the world all the way to the Hellenistic world Egypt (Greece).


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

So they cannot carry out the obligations of government.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Some rare archives talk about Asoka's successor named Kunal, who was Asoka's son from his last wife.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

The period of leadership of the maharaja Asoka could have easily disappeared in history, with the criss-crossed centuries, if he had left nothing historical archives.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

The testimony of this maharaja is found in the form of pillars and large coral stones magnificently sculpted into inscriptions.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

The contents were teachings and actions that he wanted to spread out.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

In addition Asoka also bequeathed us the first written language in India after the ancient city of Harrapa.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

But in contrast to the Harrapa, the texts of Asoka we can understand.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

The language used by Asoka in writing inscription texts is a form of folk language or Prakrit and not Sanskrit.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

In 185 BC, approximately 50 years after Asoka's insignia, the last Maurya ruler, Brhadrata, was abominably killed by the Maurya warlord, Pusyamitra Sunga, while he was inspecting his troops.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Pusyamitra Sunga then founded the Sunga dynasty (185 BC—78 BCE) and ruled only parts of the collapsed Maurya Empire.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

It was only nearly 2,000 years later under the leadership of Akbar the Great and his great-grandson (his great-great-great) Aurangzeb, a large section of the Indian subcontinent that Asoka once ruled, were united again under a single leadership.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

But finally, it was the British under the British Empire of India who united this divided subcontinent into a political unit and pioneered the path to the re-emergence of the modern Bharata state that while wearing the Asoka emblem, inspired by its teachings full of flavor Strong leadership and a sense of fellow compassion.


Question: What age did Asoka the Great die?

Asoka

Preceded by: BindusaraDinasti MauryaditerUsed by: Dasaratha Category:Maurya Dynasty Category:Buddhism Category:Kings of India Category:Figures who convert religion to Buddhism Category:100 Figures according to Michael H. Hart


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Maria Josephine Catherine Maramis (), or better known as Maria Walanda Maramis, was an Indonesian National Hero for her efforts to develop the state of women in Indonesia at the beginning of the 20th century [1].


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Every December 1, the people of Minahasa commemorate the Mother Day of Maria Walanda Maramis, a figure regarded as an indigenous breaker, fighter of progress and emancipation of women in the world of politics and education.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

According to Nicholas Graafland, in a 1981 publishing “Nederlandsche Zendeling Genootschap”, Maria was ordained as one of the Minahasa exemplary women who had “a privileged talent to capture regarding anything as well and to cultivate her allure, easily accommodating knowledge thus more often advanced than the men”. [2]


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

In memory of his service, Walanda Maramis statue has been built in Komo Luar Village, District Wenang, about 15 minutes from downtown Manado which can be reached by land transportation.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Here, visitors can get to know the history of the struggle of a woman from Earth Nyiur Waving.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

The facilities that exist today are parking lots and shopping malls. [3]


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Maria's early life was born in Kema, a small village now in North Minahasa Regency, Kema District (the result of expansion of Kauditan District) of North Sulawesi province.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

His parents were Maramis and Sarah Rotinsulu.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

She was the youngest of three children in which her elder sister was named Antje and her elder brother was named Andries.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Andries Maramis was the father of Alexander Andries Maramis who was involved in the upheaval of Indonesian independence and was a minister and ambassador in the Indonesian government in the beginning.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Maramis was orphaned by the time he was six because both his parents fell ill and died within a short time.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Maramis's uncle, Rotinsulu who at that time was the Great Law in Maumbi brought Maramis and his brothers to Maumbi and nurtured and raised them there.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Maramis along with his elder sister were inducted into the Malay School in Maumbi.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

That school taught basic sciences such as reading and writing as well as a bit of science and history.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

This was the only official education received by Maramis and his elder sister because women at the time were expected to marry and babysit the family.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

The push of Earth Minahasa In the late 19th and early 20th centuries divided many clans (walak) who were in the process towards a geopolitical unit called Minahasa in a colonial order of the Dutch East Indies.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

In line with this, the Dutch East Indies held bureaucratic changes by appointing traditional officials as salaried government employees and under the power of resident soerang. [4]


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Agrarian commercialization gave rise to coffee plantations and then copra made the export economy expand rapidly, capital planting flowed heavily, and other cities grew such as Tondano, Tomohon, Kakaskasen, Sonder, Romboken, Kawangkoan, and Langowan. [5]


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

PIKAT After moving to Manado, Maramis started writing opinions in the local newspaper called Tjahaja Siang.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

In his articles, he pointed out the importance of the role of the mother in the family where it is the mother's duty to nurture and maintain the health of her family members.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

It was also the mother who gave early education to her children.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Realizing young women at that time needed to be equipped with provisions to live their role as family caregivers, Maramis along with several others founded Mother's Romance To Her Children (PIKAT) on July 8, 1917.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

The purpose of this organization is to educate women who finished elementary school in household matters such as cooking, sewing, caring for babies, handwork, and so on.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Through Maramis's leadership within PIKAT, the organization grew with the start of branches in Minahasa, such as in Maumbi, Tondano, and Motoling.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Branches in Java were also formed by mothers there such as in Batavia, Bogor, Bandung, Cimahi, Magelang, and Surabaya.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

On June 2, 1918, PIKAT opened the Manado school.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Maramis continued to be active in PIKAT until at his death on April 22, 1924.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

To appreciate her role in the development of the state of women in Indonesia, Maria Walanda Maramis was awarded the title Hero of the National Movement from the Indonesian government on 20 May 1969.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Women's suffrage in Minahasa In 1919, a representative body was formed in Minahasa under the name Minahasa Raad.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

At first the members were determined, but the election by the people was planned to elect the representatives of the people next.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Only men could become members at that time, but Maramis tried to have women also choose representatives who would sit in the representative body.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

His attempt was successful in 1921 where a decision came from Batavia allowing women to vote in the election of Minahasa Raad members.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Family life Maramis was married to Joseph Frederick Caselung Walanda, a language teacher in 1890.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

After her marriage to Walanda, she was better known as Maria Walanda Maramis.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

They have three daughters.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Two of their children were sent to a teacher's school in Betawi (Jakarta).


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

One of their children, Anna Matuli Walanda, later became a teacher and actively participated in PIKAT with her mother.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Manus reference, M. (1985).


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Maria Walanda Maramis.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Jakarta: National Historical Inventory and Documentation Project, Directorate of History and Traditional Values, Department of Education and Culture.


Question: What was the effort Maria Walanda Maramis ever made in fighting the invaders?

Maria Walanda Maramis

Category:Indonesian National Heroes Category:Minahasa Figures Category:Figures from Minahasa Category:North Sulawesi Figures Category:Female Fighters Figures Category:Marga Maramis


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Mosque Raya Bandung West Java Province, formerly known as Great Mosque of Bandung is a mosque located in the city of Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The status of this mosque is as a provincial mosque for West Java.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The mosque was first built in 1810, and since its establishment, the Great Mosque has undergone eight reshuffles in the 19th century, then five times in the 20th century until finally renovated again in 2001 until the inauguration of the Great Mosque of Bandung 4 June 2003 which was inaugurated by the Governor of West Java at that time, H. R. Nuriana.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

This new mosque, which is Arabic, replaces the old Grand Mosque, which has a typical Sundanese pattern.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Bandung Grand Mosque, as we see now, there are two twin minarets on the left and right sides of the mosque 81 meters high which are always open to the public every Saturday and Sunday.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The roof of the mosque was replaced from the joglo roof into a large dome on the central roof and a smaller one on the left-right roof of the mosque as well as the walls of the mosque made of high quality natural stone.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Now the total land area of the mosque is 23,448 m² with a building area of 8,575 m² and can accommodate about 13,000 worshippers.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The location of Bandung Masjid Raya Bandung is located in Bandung Square near the Asia-Africa Road section, downtown Bandung.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Its downtown location makes it so easy to find.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Not far from this mosque, on the same street stand majestic Gedung Merdeka and Hotel Preanger, two buildings so attached to the history of the Asia-Africa Conference in 1955.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The road between the Savoy Homann Hotel and the Asia-Africa Building is a silent witness to the journey of leaders of Asian African countries who walked from Hotel Homman where they stayed to the conference site at the Asia Africa Building including for prayers at the Grand Mosque of Bandung and vice versa.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

History Masjid Raya Bandung West Java Bandung West Java Grand Mosque previously named Great Mosque was established first in 1812.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The Great Mosque of Bandung was built at the same time as the transfer of downtown Bandung from Krapyak, about ten kilometers south of the city of Bandung to the present city center.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The mosque was originally built with a simple traditional stage building form, wooden poles, walled with bamboo woven, roofed rumbia and equipped with a large pool as a place to take wudhlu water.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

This pond water serves also as a source of water to extinguish fires that occurred in the Bandung Square area in 1825. [1]


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

A year after the fire, in 1826, pirates were carried out against the mosque building by replacing the walls of bamboo booths as well as the roof with wooden material.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Overhauls were carried out again 1850 with the construction of the Groote Postweg Road (now the African Asian Road).


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The small mosque underwent pirates and expansion on the instruction of Regent R.A. Wiranatakusumah IV the roof of the mosque was replaced with tile while the didding was replaced with a brick wall.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The splendor of the Great Mosque of Bandung at that time was immortalized in the painting of an English painter named W Spreat in 1852.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

From the painting, seen large limas roof arranged three high towering and mayarakat called it bale nyungcung.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Then the building of the mosque again underwent alterations in 1875 with the addition of the foundation and the wall fence surrounding the mosque. [2]


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

As the times progressed, the people of Bandung made this mosque as a center of religious activities involving many people such as presentation, celebration of Muludan, Rajaban or another Islamic Day commemoration even used as a place for marriage contract.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

So in 1900 to complete it a number of changes were made such as the manufacture of mihrab and pawestren (terrace on the left and right side).


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Later in 1930, the overhaul was again done by building a pendopo as a mosque terrace as well as the construction of two minarets on the left and right of the building with a spire shaped exactly like the shape of the mosque roof so as to further enhance the appearance of the mosque.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

It is said that this form is the last form of the Grand Mosque of Bandung with the peculiarities of the roof shaped nyungcung.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Ahead of the Asian-African conference in 1955, the Grand Mosque of Bandung underwent a massive overhaul.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

On the draft of the first President of Indonesia, Soekarno, the Grand Mosque of Bandung underwent a total change among which the dome from previously shaped “nyungcung” into a square dome in the middle east style like an onion.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

In addition the minarets on the left and right of the mosque and pawestren following the front porch were demolished so that the mosque room is just a large room with a very narrow mosque courtyard.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The existence of the new Bandung Grand Mosque at that time was used for the prayers of the guests of the Asian African Conference participants.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Sukarno's draft onion-shaped dome only lasted about 15 years.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

After suffering damage from being blown off by strong winds and once repaired in 1967, then the onion dome was replaced with a form instead of an onion again in 1970.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Based on the decree of the Governor of West Java in 1973, the Great Mosque of Bandung underwent massive changes again.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The floor of the mosque was further expanded and made multilevel.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

There is a basement room as a place of wudlu, the ground floor of the main prayer place and the DKM office and the upper floor is functioned for mezzanine directly related to the outer porch.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

In front of the mosque was built a new minaret with metal ornaments shaped round like onions and a dome roof of the mosque in the shape of Joglo.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Last revamp of 2001 The total change occurred again in 2001 is part of the plan of rearrangement of Bandung Square in the planning of the arrangement of the Great Mosque and the square square is an inseparable unity without reducing the meaning of the square square as an open space general.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The construction process of the Great Mosque of Bandung began with the laying of the first stone rebuilding process on 25 February 2001.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The entire construction process took 829 days (2 years 99 days) from the first stone laying until it was inaugurated on June 4, 2003 by West Java Governor H. R. Nuriana.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Overall the process of building and rearrangement of the square square area and the Great mosque of Bandung was declared completed on January 13, 2004.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Along with the change of name from the Great Mosque of Bandung to Bandung Grand Mosque of West Java Province and bears the title as a provincial mosque, but the people of Bandung mostly still refer to it as the Great Mosque of Bandung.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Architecture of the Great Mosque of Bandung that we now see is the result of the design of 4 condang designers from Bandung each is Ir. H. Keulman, Ir. H. Arie Atmadibrata, Ir. H. Nu'man and Prof. Dr. Slamet Wirasonjaya.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The initial design will retain some of the old buildings of the Great Mosque of Bandung including the bridge of the mosque with the square square that passes over the west square street and the wall shaped fish scales on the front side of the mosque.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The only change in the old building is the change in the shape of the roof of the mosque from the shape of the roof limas replaced with a large half-ball dome 30 meters in diameter as well as the main dome.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

To reduce the load, the dome is built with space frame construction which is then covered with metal material heated in very high temperatures.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

In addition to one main dome Bandung Masjid Raya is equipped again with two smaller domes each 25 meters in diameter are placed on top of additional buildings.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Just like the main dome these two additional domes use space frame construction but are covered with transparent material to give the effect of light into the mosque.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

An additional building was erected on the land which was previously a west square square road in front of the mosque.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The additional building was equipped with a pair of towers (planned to be 99 meters high) but later reduced to 81 meters only, related to aviation safety as input from the manager of Husein Sastranegara Airport — Bandung.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Today, two twin minarets flanking the main building of the mosque can be boarded by visitors.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

On the top floor, 19th floor, visitors can enjoy 360-degree views of the city of Bandung while the mosque's forecourt is overhauled.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Vehicle parking is placed in the basement while the top is a park, a public area where the community gathers.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

This is one of the efforts of the government to restore the value of the square as it was once upon a time.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The basement for the parking lot was also originally planned to house street vendors (PKL).


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Interior View The inside of the mosque is two parts, namely: The inner front room is quite spacious and the main prayer room.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The Inner Room of the Front of the mosque is used as a hall for presentation events, weddings and of course for rest residents who happen to stop there.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The space is also used for prayer for those who are reluctant to go to the main prayer room which is in a separate room.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The Main Prayer Room is in a separate room from the inner chamber of the front.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Between these two spaces are connected by a bridge under which there is a wudlu room (in addition to the outer wudlu chamber).


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

This main prayer room has a spacious, two-story room.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The interior of this ancillary building is designed with Islamic carved ornaments with the priority of Islamic Tatar Sunda cultural art.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

In addition, the Bandung Grand Mosque is equipped with two basement floors in the upper part is maintained as an open space for the public.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

The roof of the mosque was replaced from the joglo roof into one large dome on the middle roof and smaller dome on the left-right roof of the mosque, the walls of the mosque are made of high quality natural stone.


Question: Who owns the land of the Great Mosque of Bandung?

Bandung Grand Mosque

Reference Outside link of Bandung Grand Mosque Category:Bandung City


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Flores, from Portuguese meaning “flower” is an island located in the administrative area of East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

The name Flores comes from Portuguese which is “cabo de flores “meaning “Cape of flowers”.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

The name was originally given by S. M. Cabot to call the eastern area of the island of Flores.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Finally officially used since 1636 by the governor general of the Dutch East Indies Hendrik Brouwer.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

A fairly in-depth study by Orinbao (1969) revealed that the real real name of the island of Flores is Nusa Nipa (snake island) which from an anthropological angle, the term is more useful because it contains various philosophical, Cultural, and Ritual Traditions meanings of the Flores people.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Flores belongs to a cluster of Lesser Sunda Islands along with Bali and NTB, with an area of about 14,300 km².


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

The population in Flores, in 2007, reached 1.6 million inhabitants.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

The highest peak is Mount Ranaka (2350m) which is the second highest mountain in East Nusa Tenggara, after Mount Mutis, 2427m in West Timor.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Flores Island together with Timor Island, Sumba Island and Alor Islands are four major islands in NTT Province which is one of the archipelago provinces in Indonesia with 566 islands.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Flores, with its area, population and resources both natural and human considered adequate, is now preparing to become an expansion province in NTT.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

At the western and eastern ends of Flores Island there are several small island clusters.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

On the east there are clusters of Lembata Island, Adonara and Solor, while to the west there are clusters of Komodo and Rinca Island.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

West of the island of Flores, after the cluster of small islands, there is the island of Sumbawa (NTB), while in the east after the cluster of small islands, there is the Alor archipelago.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

To the southeast lies the island of Timor.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

To the southwest there is the island of Sumba, to the south there is the sea of Sawu, north, opposite the Flores Sea there is Sulawesi.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

The Tribes and Languages of the Flores people are an ethnic mix between Malay, Melanesian, and Portuguese.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Because it was once a Portuguese Colony, the interaction with Portuguese culture is very pronounced in Flores culture, both through genetic, religious, and cultural.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

There are several tribes in Flores Island consisting of eight major tribes, among others: 1.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Manggarai 2.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Carefree 3.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Ngada 4.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Nage-Keo 5.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Ende 6.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Lio 7.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Sikka 8.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Larantuka The cultural differences between the Riung, Ngada, Nage-Keo, Ende, Lio and Sikka sub-tribes are not very large.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

However, The difference between these sub-tribal groups and Manggarai people is large.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

As is the case in terms of physical form, there is one striking difference.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

The people of Flores starting from the Riung people increasingly to the East show more Melanesian features, such as the people of Papua, while the Manggarai people show more Mongoloid-Malay traits.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

The sub-peoples of Larantuka are different from others.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

This is because they are more mixed with the influence of cultural elements from other Indonesian tribes dating and mixed in the city of Larantuka.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Language Based on the results of lexicostatistical calculations we can divide some elements of regional languages in Flores based on the differences of each tribe.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Each of these tribes has a wide variety of languages and ways of pronunciation.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

In general, the language comes from the Malay language which also evolved to adjust the areas inhabited by the tribes.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Like other regions in NTT, Manggarai also gets the influence of wandering from people from across, such as China, Java, Bugis, Makassar, Netherlands and so on.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

So it is no wonder that the Manggarai language also has a more distinctive language regardless of its physical characteristics that are different from those of other tribes in Flores.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

In addition, from the elements of art as well as music, there are characteristic of each tropical beat of songs from each region such as Larantuka, Maumere, Ende, Bajawa, Manggarai.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Many also speak Portuguese.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

The Flores Community Belief System already adheres to some modern religious teachings, such as Catholicism, Islam, Christianity and so on.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

But there are still ancestral traditions that are preserved.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

One is the megalithic tradition in some sub ethnicities of Flores.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

For example, the tradition of establishing and maintaining worship buildings for ancestral spirits as a form of respect (cult) towards the ancestors and their spirits dates back to about 2500 - 3000 years ago and some of them are still ongoing today.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

The impact of the erection of monuments of the megalithic tradition was so wide covering aspects of symbolism, views towards the cosmos (universe), the origin of human events, animals and so on.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Prayer ceremonies and mantras, as well as various media to express the symbols physically in togetherness.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

The megalithic tradition that developed on Flores Island, as early as its emergence, appears in the remains of relics such as the design of traditional houses and monuments of worship of ancestors, including its ornamental art.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

In addition, it also appears at the worship ceremony including the procession of prayer mantras, clothes, art actors, sound and dance arts as well as ceremonial equipment (ubarampe) and so on.Megalithic traditions also appear in spatial layout, function, construction as well as building tructure.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Do not miss the life cycle ceremony starting from birth, initiation, marriage and sedentary pattern after marriage and death, burial and mourning.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

It is of course also related to ceremonies to find search eyes, such as land clearing, spreading seeds, harvesting, hunting, processing metals and so on, as well as the manufacture of earthenware, weaving and weapons.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Culture and Art Dances derived from Flores one of them is Caci dance is a war dance as well as a folk game between a pair of male dancers who fight with whips and shields in Flores.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Caci is an attraction dance from the earth Congkasae Manggarai.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Almost all regions of the region are familiar with this dance.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

The pride of the Manggarai community is often presented on special occasions.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

The Caci Caci dance is derived from the words ca and ci.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Ca means one and ci means test.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

So, caci means a one-on-one test to prove who is right and wrong and is a ritual of Penti Manggarai, apart from Caci dance in Manggarai there are also dances in Flores that began to be popular nationally, namely Gawi, Sodh'a, Rokatenda, Ja'i.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Flores administration is part of East Nusa Tenggara province.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

The island is divided into a number of 8 districts; from west to east as follows: West Manggarai with capital Labuan Bajo, Manggarai with capital Ruteng, East Manggarai with capital Borong, Ngada with capital Bajawa, Nagekeo with capital Mbay, Ende with capital Ende, Sikka with capital capital Maumere, East Flores with capital Larantuka.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Flores geography has several active and sleeping volcanoes, including Ia (Ende), Egon, Ilimuda, Lereboleng, Lewotobi, and ile Ape (lembata), Rokatenda (Palu'e), Ebulobo (Boawae), Ine rie (Ngada) Flora and fauna Flores has one of the world's rare and protected animals, namely Varanus komodoensis or better known as the giant Biawak.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

This raptil lives on Komodo Island and Rinca Island, both in West Manggarai Regency, West Flores.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

In addition to Komodo Island and Rinca Island which are included in the Komodo National Park area, Flores also has one more National Park located in Ende Regency, namely Kelimutu National Park.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

The main attraction of Kelimutu National Park is its Three Colors Lake which always changes the color of its lake water.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

However, in the Kelimutu National Park Area it grows and develops naturally various species of plants and lichens.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Therefore, at the beginning of 2007, the management of Kelimutu National Park began to identify the biowealth of Kelimutu National Park to be developed into Kelimutu Botanical Garden.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

So, later the tourists who come to the Kelimutu Nature Tourism Area, in addition to being able to enjoy the wonders of Three Colors Lake, can also observe the biodiversity within the Kelimutu Botanical Garden.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

In Mataloko, Ngada District there is a geothermal source that is currently being developed into a power source.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

In Soa, east of the city of Bajawa, the capital of Ngada regency there is a natural hot spring.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Many foreign tourists come there.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

In Riung, north of Ngada Regency, there are 17 Island marine parks as beautiful as Bunaken marine park in Manado.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

What is unique about this marine park is that there is an island called Bats island which houses thousands of bats.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Archaeological site In September 2003, in the Liang Bua cave in western Flores, paleoanthropologists discovered the skull of a previously unknown hominid species.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

The find is named “Flores man” (Homo floresiensis, nicknamed hobbit).


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

The discovery was published in the October 28, 2004 issue of Nature magazine.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

The status of these finds is now still debated, whether it includes Homo erectus or Homo sapiens.


Question: What is the area of the island of Flores?

Flores Island

Transportation There are at least six airports scattered throughout Flores (sorted from west to east): Komodo Airport at Labuan Bajo Frans Sales Lega Airport at Ruteng Pahdamaleda Airport in Bajawa Turelelo Soa Airport in Bajawa H. Hasan Aroeboesman Airport in Ende Frans Xavier Seda Airport in Maumere Gewayantana Airport in Larantuka See also Dutch Imperium Homo floresiensis Simon Milward Nage Imperium Portugal Manggarai Tribe Footnotes Reference Cite uses deprecated parameter |deadurl= (help) Outside link Media related to Flores, Indonesia at Wikimedia Commons Category:Lesser Sunda Islands Category:East Nusa Tenggara Landscapes Category:Komodo National Park Category:Portugal Colonialism in Indonesia Category:Islands in Indonesia Category:Deep Banda Bow


Question: How wide is Brazil?

List of countries by area

The following is a list of countries of the world by area.


Question: How wide is Brazil?

List of countries by area

The sizes are given in SI metric units.


Question: How wide is Brazil?

List of countries by area

Regions of dependency are indicated along with its principal country; total area area is also indicated, but this list is compiled by area area The list of countries by area area The following states are arranged by area area, including provinces outside but not including areas of power.


Question: How wide is Brazil?

List of countries by area

Note The 196 countries on this list are member states of the United Nations coupled with Taiwan, the Vatican and Kosovo.


Question: How wide is Brazil?

List of countries by area

This list also includes 11 countries that have a total of 66 dependent regions (dependencies), of which 23 of them are not permanently resided and therefore are not on the list of countries by population.


Question: How wide is Brazil?

List of countries by area

The total is 259 countries and dependent regions.


Question: How wide is Brazil?

List of countries by area

The description of the African Union is 29,797,500 km2, and is the largest country in the world if counted as a single country.


Question: How wide is Brazil?

List of countries by area

Source header to force TOC CIA World Factbook, accessed December 10, 2012.


Question: How wide is Brazil?

List of countries by area

See also List of Countries List of countries by number of inhabitants List of countries by population density List of countries by continent List of countries by time of formation Area


Question: What was the first musical instrument to use strings?

String Musical Instruments

A stringed musical instrument or string is a musical instrument that produces sound by vibrating strings or strings.


Question: What was the first musical instrument to use strings?

String Musical Instruments

According to the Hornbostel—Sachs classification scheme of musical instruments used in organology, these musical instruments are called cordophones.


Question: What was the first musical instrument to use strings?

String Musical Instruments

There are three main ways of vibrating strings to produce sound, namely by being plucked (e.g. guitar), swiped (e.g. violin), and punched (e.g. piano).


Question: What was the first musical instrument to use strings?

String Musical Instruments

Outside Category:Musical Instruments


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

International Business Machines Corporation (abbreviated IBM; NYSE:) is a United States company that manufactures and sells computer hardware and software.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

IBM was founded on June 16, 1911, operating since 1888 and based in Armonk, New York, United States.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

With more than 330,000 employees worldwide and revenues of US$96 billion (figure from 2004), IBM is the largest information technology company in the world, and one of the continuing ones of the 19th century.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

The company has technicians and consultants in more than 170 countries and development laboratories located around the world, in every branch of computer science and information technology; some of them are pioneers in fields ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

The successful IBM machines and products were Mainframe with 370 systems (in the 1960s), IBM PC, AS/400 and RS/6000 (1980s), PowerPC CPU (1990s, in collaboration with Motorola, - now Freescale) In recent years, service and consulting revenues were greater than production.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

Samuel J. Palmisano was chosen to be CEO on January 29, 2002 after leading IBM Global Services, and helped him become a business man with the nickname of the US$100 billion “backlog” in 2004.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 2002 the company strengthened its business capabilities by acquiring consulting services company PricewaterhouseCoopers.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

The company continues to focus its efforts on business consulting, services and software, and also emphasizes high-priced chips and hardware technology.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 2004 IBM employed approximately 191,000 professional technicians, among whom included 300-400 “Renowned Technicians” and 50-60 “IBM fellows”, the most senior technicians.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

IBM Research has eight research laboratories located in the northern hemisphere of the world, with half of them located outside the United States.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

IBM employees have earned five Nobel awards.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In America, they also earned four Turing Awards, five National Medals of Technology, and five National Science Medals, as well as many more outside America.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

On May 1, 2005, IBM's PC division was officially taken over by the Lenovo company based in the People's Republic of China.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

IBM's current CEO is Samuel J. Palmisano who replaced Louis V. Gerstner from January 29, 2002.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

Louis V. Gerstner became CEO of IBM for 10 years replacing John Ackers who was fired for nearly waking IBM in 1992.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

Previously Louis V. Gerstner worked for Nabisco.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

History 1880—1929 In the 1880s, some of the technologies that would become IBM's business were invented.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

Julius E. Pitrap invented computer scales in 1885, [3] Alexander Dey invented the dial recorder (1888), [4] Herman Hollerith invented the Electric Tabulating Machine 1989 and in the same year Williard Bundy invented a device for measuring employees' working time.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

On June 16, 1911, those technologies and the companies that owned them were combined by Charles Ranlett Flint and formed the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (C-T-R). [5]


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

The New York-based company has 1,300 employees and office areas as well as plants in Endicott and Binghamton, New York; Dayton, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan; Washington, D.C.; and Toronto, Ontario.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

C-T-R manufactures and sells a wide range of machine types ranging from commercial scales to working time gauges.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1914, Flint recruited Thomas J. Watson, Sr., of the National Cash Register Company, to help him lead the company. [5]


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

Watson coined the slogan, “THINK”, which soon became a mantra for C-T-R employees. Within 11 months of joining, Watson became president of the C-T-R. The company focuses on providing calculating solutions on a large scale for businesses.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

During the first four years of his leadership, Watson had success raising revenues to more than double and reaching $9 million.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

He also had success developing wings to Europe, South America, Asia, and Australia.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

On February 14, 1924, C-T-R was renamed International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). [6] 1930—1979 In 1952, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., became president of IBM, ending nearly 40 years of his father's leadership.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1956 Arthur L. Samuel, an IBM researcher of Pughkeepsie, New York, created the first program that could learn on its own.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1957, IBM developed the scientific programming language FORTRAN (Formula Translation).


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1961, Thomas J. Watson, Jr. was appointed chairman of the board of directors and Albert L. Williams as its president.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

IBM also developed the SABRE (Semi-Automatic Business-Related Environment) reservation system for American Airlines that same year.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1964, IBM employees and computers helped NASA record the flight tracks of Mercury astronauts.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1965, IBM moved its headquarters from New York City to Armonk, New York.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

For the rest of the decade through the early “70s, IBM heavily dedicated itself to the human-to-moon launch program by NASA.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

On April 7, 1964, IBM introduced the IBM System/360 which was very popular in its time.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1973, IBM engineer George J. Laurer developed the Universal Product Code system. [7]


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

A few months after, in October 1973, IBM introduced the IBM 3660, a barcode scanner that made it easier for retailers to sell their products.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In the late 1970s, IBM experienced an internal split between management wanting to concentrate on the mainframe business and management looking to invest heavily in the emerging personal computer industry at that time. 1980—nowadays financial swaps were first introduced in went public when IBM entered into a swap agreement with World Bank.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

The IBM PC, originally named the IBM 5150, was introduced in 1981, and later became the industry standard when it was.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1991, IBM sold Lexmark, and in 2002, IBM bought the consulting portion of PwC.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 2003, IBM began a project to rewrite its enterprise values using a technology called Jam—a network-based discussion that addressed business issues over 3 days.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

This discussion was followed by 50,000 employees and the results were analyzed using eClassifier software.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

As a result, company values are defined: “Dedication to every client's success”, “Innovation that matters—for our company and for the world”, “Trust and personal responsibility in all relationships”.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 2004, another Jam session was conducted with 52,000 employees in 72 hours to find ideas that supported the above three company values.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 2005, the company sold its personal-computer business to Lenovo, and in the same year bought Micromuse.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 2009, IBM bought software company SPSS Inc., and in the same year, IBM's Blue Gene supercomputer earned the National Medal of Technology and Innovation award by U.S. president Barrack Obama.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 2006, IBM launched Secure Blue, a low-cost hardware design for data encryption that can be used as a microprocessor.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 2011, IBM gained the world's attention when it successfully created Watson, which was tested and successfully won the Jeopardy! quiz.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

Until 2011, IBM was one of the largest recipients of patents from the U.S. government for 19 consecutive years.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

On August 16, 2012, IBM announced its plans to purchase Texas Memory Systems and a few days after, August 27, 2012, IBM announced it would buy Kenexa for a value of $1.3 billion US dollars.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

Corporate Management The IBM headquarters complex is located in Armonk, Town of North Castle, New York, United States, with a building area of 26,300 m2.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

The office has been occupied by IBM since 1964. [8]


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

IBM also has twelve research laboratories worldwide—Almaden, Austin, Australia, Brazil, China, Dublin, Israel, India, Tokyo, Watson (New York), Zurich and Nairobi—with Watson as the headquarters of its research division and being the center of its annual meetings.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

IBM also owns the IBM Scientific Center, Hursley House, the Canada Head Office Building, IBM Rochester, and the Somers Office Complex.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

IBM's 330 North Wabash building designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe received an Honor Award from the National Building Museum in 1990. [9]


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

IBM's Board of Directors consists of 14 members and is accountable to the management of the company.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

One of its members, Cathie Black, stepped down in November 2010. The other 13 members are: Alain J. P. Belda '08 (Alcoa), William R. Brody '07 (Salk Institute/Johns Hopkins University), Kenneth Chenault '98 (American Express), Michael L. Eskew '05 (UPS), Shirley Ann Jackson '05 (Rensselaer) Polytechnic Institute), Andrew N. Liveris '10 (Dow Chemical), W. James McNerney, Jr. '09 (Boeing), James W. Owens '06 (Caterpillar), Samuel J. Palmisano '00 (IBM), Joan Spero '04 (Doris Duke Charitable Foundation), Sidney Taurel '01 (Eli Lilly), and Lorenzo Zambrano '03 Cemex). [10]


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

Recognition of IBM's corporation and brand In 2012, Fortune placed IBM as the 2nd largest company in the United States by number of employees, 4th largest by market capitalization, 9th largest by profit, and 19th largest by revenue.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

Globally, IBM ranked the 31st largest in terms of revenue in 2011.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

Other rankings in 2011/2012 among them: #1 company to leader (Fortune) #2 green company (Newsweek) [11] #2 best global brands (Interbrand) [12] #2 Most respected companies (Barron's) #5 most admired companies (Fortune) #18 Most innovative companies (Fast Company) On In 2010, IBM's brand value was valued at $64.7 billion based on Interbrand calculations. [13]


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 2012, Vault awarded IBM Global Technology Services #1 in technology consulting for cybersecurity, operations and implementation, and the public sector, as well as #2 in outsourcing. [14]


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

Work at IBM The employee management that IBM does today can be traced from its history.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1914, IBM CEO Thomas J. Watson attempted to increase employee morale by creating employee sports clubs, holding joint walks, and founding corporate bands.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1924, the Quarter Century Club was established to provide recognition for employees who had worked over 25 years.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

That same year IBM's internal magazine, Business Machines, was published.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1925, the first meeting of the Hundred Percent Club, composed of salespeople able to fulfill its quota, was held in Atlantic City, New Jersey.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

IBM was the first company to provide group life insurance (1934) survivor benefits (1935), and paid leave (1937).


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

In 1932 IBM established the Education Department to oversee the training of employees.


Question: Who founded Eli Lilly and Company?

IBM

The department established the IBM Schoolhouse in Endicott in 1933.