Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Since then, the government has gradually (and has much) softened the government's control over the daily lives of its people, and has begun the move of the Chinese economy towards a market-based system.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Advocates of financial reform — usually middle-class folk and Western observers of the left and right — point to evidence of rapid development in the economy in the consumer and export sectors, the creation of a middle class (especially in coastal cities where most of the industrial development centralized) which now constitutes 15% of the population, an increasingly high standard of living (shown through the rapid increase in GDP per capita, consumer spending, estimated age, read-write percentage, and amount of rice production) and wider personal rights and freedoms for ordinary people.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Critics of economic reform point to evidence that the reform process has created wealth disparities, environmental pollution, income-so corruption, increased unemployment due to layoffs in inefficient state enterprises, and has introduced less cultural influence accepted.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

As a result they believe that Chinese culture has been corrupted, the poor are getting poorer and segregated, and the country's social stability is increasingly threatened.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Despite its slack on capitalism, the Chinese Communist Party remains in power and has maintained a curb policy against assemblages deemed dangerous, such as Falun Gong and separatist movements in Tibet.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Supporters of this policy maintain stability in a society riven by class differences and hostility, which has no history of public participation, and limited laws.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Critics say that this policy violates human rights known to the international community, and they also claim it resulted in the creation of a police state, which raises fear.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

China adopted the constitution on 4 December 1982 which is used until now.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Politics According to its official definition, the RRT is a communist state because it was indeed a communist state in the last 20th century.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Officially it is still known as a communist state, although a number of political scientists now do not define it anymore as a communist state.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

There is no precise definition that can be given to the type of government that this country dictates, because its structure is not known for sure.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

One of the reasons this problem exists is that because of its history, China is a country ruled by emperors for 2000 years with a strong central government with the influence of Confucianism.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

After the monarchical era ended in 1911, China was ruled autocratically by the Kuomintang Nationalist Party and several warlords.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Then after 1949 the rule was continued by the Communist Party of China.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The RRT government is often said to be autocratic, communist and socialist.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

It was also seen as a communist empire.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Members of the communists who winged more to the left dubbed it a capitalist state.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Indeed, the Chinese state is getting more and more towards a free economic system.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In an official document issued recently, the government outlined a democratic administration of the country, although the real state there is not so.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The RRT government is escorted by the Communist Party of China (CCP) and the state leader is elected directly by the Party through the Congress.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Although there are few movements towards liberalization, such as the general elections now held at the village level and some representative bodies, the party continues to have a close eye, especially over the election of government positions.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Although the state used autocratic means to drive out elements of opposition to its government, at the same time the government also tried to reduce opposition by advancing the economy, justifying appointing personal feelings, and serving opponents who were considered harmless against the government more equitably.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Screening against political da'wahs was also routine, and the RRT expressly abolished any protests or organizations it considered harmful to its rule, as happened at the Tiananmen Demonstrations in 1989.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

However, the media of this people's republic is increasingly active broadcasting social problems and horrendous symptoms of 'bending' in the subordinate ranks of government.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The RRT was also so successful in blocking the information movement, and there was a time when they were forced to replace their police as an act of retaliation against people's protests.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Although the structured opposition to the CCP is not justified at all, the demonstrations of the people are getting longer and more often and left.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The popularity of the Party among the people is difficult to measure, because there is no election at the national level, and if the Chinese are asked by themselves, some are supportive and others who deny, but most refuse to comment on political matters.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In general, many of them like the role of government enshrines stability, which allows economies to progress without any problems.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Among the major political problems in China are social disparities among rich and poor and bribery symptoms that prevail due to government biocracy.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

There are also other political parties in the RRT, although they are only sub-parties or parties that meet with the CCP.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The CCP held a dialogue with them through a special transportation agency, named by the Chinese People's Reserves Transportation Council which the RRT considered.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

This way is preferred government over election.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Nevertheless, this party in total does not give any impression on the police and the basics of the kingdom.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The function of this special transportation agency is more to the outside eyes of the CPP, although there are supervisors of this body at all levels of government.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China maintain diplomatic relations with almost all countries in the world, but set the condition that countries wishing to establish diplomatic cooperation with it must agree to China's claim to Taiwan and sever official relations with the government of the Republic of China.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

China also actively opposes overseas trips made by Taiwan independence supporters such as Lee Teng-hui and Chen Shui-bian as well as Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In 1971, the RRT replaced the Republic of China as the representative for “China” at the United Nations and as one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

China was also once a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, and now remains in its role as an observer member.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Much of his present foreign policy is based on the concept of a peaceful Chinese awakening.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Sino-American relations have been damaged and repaired several times in recent decades.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In May 1999, a B-2 Stealth Bomber warplane dropped three bombs each weighing 900kg over the Chinese embassy office in Belgrade during the upheaval of Kosovo.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

These bombs killed three Chinese citizens working in related embassies.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The United States, which was reluctant to take responsibility for the incident that it described as a 'disaster' said it was a mistake using an old map that gave incorrect information about the building's position as the weapons base of the Yugoslav administration.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The RRT government was not satisfied with this explanation and indicted that it was deliberately done.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In April 2001, an American-owned peeping flying boat called EP-3E Aries II that was over the Chinese island of Hainan met a Chinese jetliner noticing its movements.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

A related Chinese plane was blown away and its sights killed when a US peeping ship was forced to hold an emergency landing on the island of Hainan.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The American and Chinese stories regarding this incident differ slightly in content.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The American version states that his plane was over international oceans whereas the RRT indicted he was over its Exclusive Economic Zone.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Both sides blamed the opposing side responsible for this incident. 24 American shipboys were detained for 12 days before being released and this incident made an impact on the diplomatic relations of both countries.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

America also did not apologize for the mistakes it made when the RRT government took the decision on the grounds of pity to release its boat boys.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

One more case related to the Cox report, which indicted RRT custody had compromised the United States' nuclear secrets for decades.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Sino-Japan relations are often shackled by Japan's unwillingness to confess its war sins and apologize for its cruelty over the Chinese people and other Asian countries during World War II, especially in the Nanjing Massacre.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Some Western bodies and Western governments criticize China for supposedly denying human rights and its foreign relations with Western governments were dogged by the events in Tian'anmen in 1989.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Human rights are often leveraged by these administrations.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In addition, China is involved in several other regional opposition: Taiwan, controlled by the Republic of China, claimed by the People's Republic of China.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

(See also: Political status of Taiwan) Aksai Chin, controlled by RRT, claimed by India Paracel Islands, controlled by RRT, claimed by Vietnam and Republic of China Spratly Islands, contested between RRT, Taiwan, Malaysia, Vietnam, Philippines, and Brunei Darussalam Diaoyu Islands/Senkaku Islands, Japanese-controlled, claimed by the RRT and the Republic of China Arunachal Pradesh/South Tibet, Indian controlled, claimed by the RRT In 2004, the Russian state agreed to hand over the Yinlong Islands and parts of the Heixiazi Islands to the RRT, and simultaneously establish the border shuffle between the two that country.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

These two islands lie between the junction of the Amur river and the Ussuri river, and before that were governed by Russia and prosecuted by the RRT.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

This case should close up and strengthen the friendship between the two countries, but there is little dissatisfaction from both sides.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Russians see the gift as the weakness of his government maintaining land that was deprived during World War II.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Cossack peasants in Khabarovsk were also disliked by losing their processed land while news of this agreement in Mainland China was filtered out by the RRT government.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Some Chinese communities in the Republic of China and Chinese who can overcome this sieve criticized this treaty and set it in recognition of Russian rule over Outer Mongolia surrendered by the Qing Dynasty while losing the war under the Unequal Treaty including The Treaty of Aigun in 1858 and the Convention of Peking in 1860 were past in lieu of the exclusive use of Russian crude oil.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

This agreement has been ratified by the Chinese People's National Congress and the Russian State Duma but not implemented to present. It became popular for a number of extreme nationalists to demand Mongolia, Tuva, Outer Manchuria, Ryukyu Islands, Bhutan, the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar and the region northeast of Lake Balkhash in Central Asia.—> The Chinese military has the largest army in the world called the People's Liberation Forces (PLA), although it is not the largest military budget (held by the United States), despite common belief in both the PLA and observers beyond that number is not a good measure of military strength.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

That fact makes most Western human rights organizations feel angry and angry with Chinese words that want security, even though it has been agreed within and outside the Republic that the RRT army's ability to carry out ordnance operations outside its colonies is limited and the number of members is not so useful for determining the strength of his army.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Estimating Chinese military funds will produce a variety of different figures based on what the military considers, how to decipher the limited information available, and how one deals with currency exchange rate factors.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Existing estimates give US$9 billion as the lowest and US$60 billion as the highest (in terms of purchasing power parity) in 2003; the amount of US$60 billion makes China the second largest country after the United States with funds budget of US$400 billion (almost 7x as much).


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The republic's military spend in 2005 was US$ 30 billion, but this does not include money used for external weapons purchases, army studies and development, or paramilitary (RRT Police), and critics call it a deliberately attempted attempt to defraud world.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Recently one RAND study on the page of the site estimated that the republican's actual military shopping is 1.4-1.7 times greater than its official expenditures. However, the American army also tried to cheat with its expenses by deliberately spending it in Afghanistan and Iraq rather than its official Defence Office spending.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

See China, despite its advanced nuclear weapons and shipping systems, is widely seen as having only limited capabilities to deploy its military force outside of China and is not considered a superpower despite often being considered a major regional power.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

This is because most of the weapons equipment used by the People's Republic of China is still antiquated and needs to be modernized in terms of United States standards.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

But he is still seen as a regional superpower.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Its air force still requires carrier war planes and most of its warplanes are out of date.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Budgeting said that its spending of US$56 billion was the third largest after the United States (more than US$ 400 billion for the 2005-2006 budget year) and Russia.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

See also: Chinese military budget.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The administrative division of the People's Republic of China has administrative control over 22 provinces (); the RRT government considers Taiwan () as the 23rd province (see Political status of Taiwan for further details).


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The government also claimed the South China Sea which is now still contested.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Apart from these provinces, there are also 5 autonomous regions (区) containing many ethnic minorities; 4 municipalities () for China's largest cities and 2 special administrative regions (SAR) () ruled by the RRT.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Below is a list of areas of administrative division that are under RRT control.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Anhui Province (安) Fujian () Gansu () Guangdong () Guizhou () Hainan (海南) Hebei (河北) Heilongjiang (江江) Henan (河南) Hunan (南) Jiangsu (江) Jiangxi (江西) Jilin () () Qinghai (青海) Shaanxi (西) Shandong (山东) Shanxi (山西) Sichuan (四川) Yunnan (南) Zhejiang (江) Taiwan () (etikaikan) Beijing Municipality (北京) Chongqing () Shanghai (上海) Tianjin (天) Guangxi Autonomous Region (西) Inner Mongolia () Ningxia () Xinjiang (新) Tibet (西) Special administrative area of Hong Kong () Macao () Government structure of GOtonomo (State) Shěng ( Province) Xiāng (District/City) Xiāng Xiāng (Village/Village) Xiāng (Village/Village) Xiāng (Village) Xiāng (Village/Village) Xiāng (Village) Neighbor Committee (RRT) Geography is the 3rd largest country in the world after Russia, Canada, and its territory covers a large area of land in the world former Yellow River Valley Civilization.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In the east, along with the coasts of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, it is found vast and dense that occupies new land fields; the coast of the South China Sea is more mountainous and southern China is dominated by hilly areas and lower mountain ranges.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In the east central part are found the delta of 2 major Chinese rivers, Huang He (Yellow River) and Chang Jiang (Long River).


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Other major rivers are the Zhu Jiang, Songhua Jiang, Mekong, Brahmaputra and Amur.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

To the west, major mountain ranges, particularly the Himalayas with China's highest point Mount Everest, and high plato traits among the drier landscapes of deserts such as Takla-Makan and the Gobi Desert.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Because long droughts and perhaps low agriculture make dust storms have become commonplace in spring in China.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

According to China's Environmental Protection Agency, the Gobi Desert has been developed and is a major source of dust storms affecting China and other parts of Northeast Asia such as Korea and Japan.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Sand from northern areas has been reported up to the west coast of the United States.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

River water management (such as disposal of fecal remains, pollution by refineries, and water extraction for irrigation and beverage) and shrinkage of hill soil have resulted in adverse impacts on other countries.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Economy As of 2013, China is the world's second largest economy by nominal GDP with US$9.469trillion according to the International Monetary Fund. [16]


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

When calculated according to the balance of shopping skills (PPP), the Chinese economy is also in second place, with a value of US$16.149 trillion. [16]


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In 2013, PPP GDP per capita was US$11,868, while GDP per capita was US$6,959.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In this case, it puts China at 90th out of 183 countries in the GDP per capita ranking. [17]


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The People's Republic of China characterizes its economy as Socialism with Chinese features.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Since late 1978, the Chinese leadership has touted the economy from a Soviet planned economy to a market-oriented economy but still within the rigid political framework of the Communist Party.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

To that end officials increased the powers of local officials and installed managers within the industry, allowed small-scale enterprises in services and light production, and opened the economy to foreign trade and investment.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In this direction the government reimburses to the system of liability of the agricultural grievances in the replacement of the old system based on incorporation, adding the power of local employees and refinery administrators in the industry, and allowing various entrepreneurs in service and light refinery, and opened the economy on trade and foreign ports.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Pricing scrutiny has also been loosened.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

This resulted in mainland China changing from a led economy to a mixed economy.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The RRT government did not like to emphasise similarity when it began to build its economy, instead the government emphasized increasing personal income and consumption and introduced a new management system to increase productivity.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The government also focused itself in foreign trade as the main vehicle for economic growth, for which they established more than 2000 Special Economic Zones (Special Economic Zones, SEZs) where investment laws were extended to attract foreign capital.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The result is a GDP that has quadrupled since 1978.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In 1999 with a population of 1.25 billion people and a GDP of only $3,800 per capita, China became the sixth-largest economy in the world in terms of exchange rates and third largest in the world after the European Union and the United States in purchasing power.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The average annual income of Chinese workers is $1,300.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

China's economic development is believed to be one of the fastest in the world, around 7-8% per year according to Chinese government statistics.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

This makes China the main focus of the world in the present with almost all countries, including Western countries that criticize China, eager to establish trade relations with it.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

China since January 1, 2002 has been a member of the World Trade Organization.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Mainland China is renowned as a low-cost production place to run refinery activities, and the absence of a union is very attractive to foreign corporate administrators, especially because of the abundance of cheap labor.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Workers at Chinese factories are typically paid 50 cents - 1 American dollar an hour ($0.86 average), compared with $2 to $2.5 in Mexico and $8.50 to $20 in the US.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

These RRT workers are often forced to work hard in dangerous areas and are easily oppressed by employers because there are no laws and unions that can protect their rights.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In late 2001, the average electricity rate in Guangdong Province was 0.72 yuan (9 American cents) per kilowatt hour, higher than the average level in mainland China of 0.368 yuan (4 U.S. cents).


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

China officially abolished “direct budgetary outlays” for export on January 1, 1991.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

However, it is believed many Chinese export producers receive many other subsidies.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Other forms of export subsidies include energy, material materials or labour provision.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Exports from agkriculture products, such as maize and cotton, still enjoy direct export subsidies.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

However, China has reduced the amount of corn export subsidies in 1999 and 2000.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The low cost of raw materials is one more aspect of the Chinese economy.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

This is due to the surrounding competition that leads to excessive results that contribute to lowering the cost of purchasing raw materials.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

There is also price oversight and assurance of sources living from the old economic system based on the Soviets.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

As the country continues to reserve its companies and workers move to more profitable sectors, this deflationary effect will continue to add upward pressure to prices in the economy.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

“Preferential” tax incentives are one other example of export subsidies.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

China is trying to harmonize tax and customs systems run in domestic and foreign companies.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

As a result, “preferential” taxes and customs policies that benefit exporters within special economic zones and port cities have been targeted for renewal.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Chinese exports to the United States were $125 billion in 2002; American exports to China were $19 billion.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

This difference causes its main cause for the fact that Americans consume more than they produce and low-paid Chinese cannot afford expensive American products.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

America itself buys more than it makes and even though the people of RRT want to buy American-made goods, they can't do so because the price of American goods is too high.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Another factor is the unfavorable exchange exchange between the Chinese Yuan and the US dollar being “locked” because the RRT binds it to a fixed rate of 8 renminbi at 1 dollar.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

On July 21, 2005, the People's Bank of China announced to allow the renminbi currency to be determined by the market, and allow a 0.3% increase a day.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Chinese exports to the United States are increasing 20% annually, faster than U.S. exports to China.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

With the elimination of textile quotas, RRT will certainly control most of the world's clothing market. [18]


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Although the population numbers are huge, this still only gives the average PNB per person only about $5,000, about 1/7 of the United States.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The official economic growth report for 2003 was 9.1%.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

It was estimated by the CIA in 2002 that agriculture donated 14.5% of China's PNB, industry and construction about 51.7% and services about 33.8%.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Rural median incomes are about one-third in urban areas, a disparity that has widened in the past decade.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Because of its vast size and long culture, RRT has a tradition as an economic ruling state.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In the words of Ming Zeng, managing professor in Shanghai, in some statistics, at the end of the 16th century, RRT had a third of GDP.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The dashing United States now has only 20%.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

So, if you make this historical comparison, three or four hundred years earlier, China would have been the greatest power of the world.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The experiment of realizing this proud state is certainly one of the goals of the Chinese.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

So it is not surprising that the phenomenon of the world's non-Chinese is willing to learn this Chinese language and American and Western growling towards China is common in world political scenarios today.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

However, the gulf of wealth collection between coastal and deepening areas of China is still very large.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

To match this potentially dangerous state, the government implemented strategies for Western China Development in 2000, Northeast China Redevelopment in 2003, and Central China Revival in 2004, all aimed at helping the interior China is building together.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Demographics Officially the RRT views itself as a single nation (Chinese) that is multi-ethnic with 56 recognized ethnicities.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The ethnic Han majority compose nearly 93% of the population; however it constitutes a majority in only nearly half of China's regions.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The Han people themselves are heterogeneous, and can be considered as a collection of various ethnics that practice culture and speak the same language.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Most Han tribes speak a variety of Chinese vernacular languages, which can be seen as one language or language family.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The largest subdivision of spoken Chinese is Mandarin, with more speakers than any other language in the world.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

A standardized version of Mandarin that is based on the Beijing dialect, known as Putonghua, is taught in schools and is used as the official language throughout the country.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The Communist Revolution in the country since 1949 left a great impression that almost 59% of its population (more or less 767 million people) became Atheists or did not believe in God.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

But approximately 33% of them believe in tradition beliefs or combined beliefs of Buddhism and Taoism.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Adherents of the country's largest religion are Mahayana Buddhists who number 100 million people.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In addition, Theravada Buddhists and Tibetan Buddhists are also mandated by ethnic minorities on the northwestern border of the country.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In addition it is estimated that there are 1.7% of the Islamic population (mostly Sunni) and 2.3% Christian in the country.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The country has long experienced population growth problems.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In an effort to limit the development of its population, the RRT has taken a policy limiting urban families (non-Han ethnic minorities excluded) to 1 child and families in the interior may have 2 children, when the first is a woman.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Because men are considered more economically valuable in rural areas, there is a high incidence of sex-selective abortion and child rejection in rural areas to ensure that the second child is a man.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

This basis is only for the majority population of the Han nation.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

There are many orphan houses for these naked children, but only 2% are used as adopted children by others.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The rest is also big in the house of the orphans.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The RRT has intimated international adoptive child retrieval programs, where residents of other countries come to raise them, but the program has seen unsatisfactory results.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The year 2000 passed with a sex comparison of 117 men: 100 women which is high compared to the usual comparison (106:100) but can be compared to some places like the Caucasus and South Korea.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Although this comparison is said to exist due to sexism, it has recently been associated with hepatitis as well.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The RRT government is trying to mitigate this problem by emphasizing the harness of women and has stepped along preventing medical providers from showing parents the expected sex of the baby.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The result of this unbalanced comparison embodies 30-40 million men who cannot get a life partner.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Many of these men are looking for their dream girls in other countries or in prostitution centers.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In some cases, girls were kidnapped and sold as wives in distant villages.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

China's general health is also inseparable from some of the general health problems on the rise, like other countries.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Health problems related to air and water pollution, a widespread outbreak of HIV-AIDS and millions of smokers.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

HIV outbreaks, coupled with the usual pathways of infection, were widespread in the past due to unclean practices used in blood collection in rural areas.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The tobacco problem is complicated by the fact that most cigarette sales are government-monopolized.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The government, which relies on income from cigarette transmission, looks doubtful in its response to tobacco problems compared to other common health problems.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Hepatitis B is plagued in Mainland China, with the majority of the population spreading the disease; 10% of them are severely affected.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Often this leads to lever failure or liver cancer, something that is a common cause of death in China.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Hepatitis B is also known to be the source of the lack of women being born than men, and this also explains why the number of men far exceeds women in China. [19]


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In November 2002, a pneumonia-like virus that is SARS disease struck Guangdong province.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

However, in the early rankings of the disease, China has censored and filtered news about it to the outside world, as much as it caused the disease to reach Hong Kong, Vietnam and other countries through international travelers.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In China, 5,327 cases were reported and 348 deaths were authorized, making the country the most severely attacked.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

At the end of 2004 and 2005 the number of cases was decreasing, even so on May 19, 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that RRT was free from SARS.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

One more problem facing China is bird flu and Streptococcus suis bacteria.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Flu disease has been known to be sourced from local birds and some residents, and scientists estimate that this virus will cause a major pandemic that will trap these traces if the way it is taken from bird-humans to humans.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Streptococcus suis anyway is still limited in Sichuan province.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

In 2008, nearly 100,000 residents were killed as a result of a milk scandal.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Technology and science On October 15, 2003, using the Long March 2F rocket and the Shenzhou V manned spacecraft, the RRT became the 3rd country to put humans in space through its hard efforts.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

After the Soviet RRT-infighting, the Chinese state began to establish its own nuclear deterrence program and space transportation system.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The result of this policy was the launch of the Dong Fang Hong 1 satellite in 1970, the first Chinese satellite.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

This makes it the fifth country to launch its own space satellite.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The country is planning a manned spaceflight program in the early 70s, with “Project 714" and the Shuguang manned spacecraft expected.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Due to a spate of political and economic setbacks, the manned flight program was never accomplished either until 2003.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

However, in 1992 Projek 921 was justified and on November 19, 1999, Shenzhou 1's unloaded rocket was launched, the first test of the country's rocket.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

After three trials, Shenzhou 5 was launched on October 15, 2003 with Yang Liwei's Old Wire rocket, making China the third country to launch humans into space after the United States and Russia.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The second mission, Shenzhou 6 was waged on 12 October 2005.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The Long March 2F rocket and the Shenzhou V manned spacecraft carried Yang Liwei inside the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft into earth orbit, where leaving 21 hours, making a total of 14 revolutions.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Some experts consider Shenzhou's manned aerial vehicle to be based on Russia's Soyuz space vehicle.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

However, Chinese experts pointed out that he was not a demign and in the initial ranking of the similar design Apollo Project was reserved by NASA.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Traditional Chinese Norma culture was derived from the orthodox version of Confucianism, which was taught in schools and was even part of the imperial public service examinations of a bygone era.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

However, things were not always so because during the Qing dynasty, supposedly, the Chinese empire consisted of many thoughts such as legalism, which in many ways was not similar to Kong Hu Cu, and the rights of criticizing unjust empires and invididu moral feelings were hindered by orthodox thinkers.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Now, the existence of neo-Confucianism which argues that the idea of democracy and human rights align with the traditional values of Confuciusme 'Asia'.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The leaders who initiated steps to transform Chinese society after the establishment of the RRT in 1949 were raised in an old environment and have been taught the norms of living according to their environment.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Although they were revolutionaries capable of adapting to their era, they did not want to change Chinese culture massively.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

As a direct government, RRT leaders replaced traditional aspects such as land ownership in villages and education but still left other aspects, for example family structure.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Most outside observers argue that the time after 1949 is not something different in the RRT than before it, instead it is a forwarding of a way of life that holds on to the old values of Chinese society.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The new government was accepted without any protest because the new administration was considered to be “mandated from heaven” to govern, taking over leadership shoots from the old powers.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

As in past times, leaders like Mao Zedong have been flattered.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Commutations within the RRT society were not as consistent as those charged.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Throughout the reign of the RRT, many cultural aspects of Chinese traditions such as painting, proverbs, language, and so on others have been tried to be removed by the government as happened in the Cultural Revolution because it was charged with collot, feudal and dangerous.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Since then, China has realized its mistakes and tried to restore them, such as reforming Beijing Opera to voice its communist propaganda.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

With the passage of time, many aspects of Chinese tradition have been accepted by the kingdom and its people as a heritage and part of China's identity.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The official foundations of the government are now based on the progress and connection of Chinese civilization as part of the nation's identity.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Nationalism was also applied to youth to give legitimacy to the rule of the Communist Party of China.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The Beijing 2008 Olympic Games were held in Beijing on 8-24 Agusutus 2008 which became the grandest and largest Olympic Games up to that time, opened on the 8th of the 8th month at 08:08:08pm (number 8 is associated with prosperity in Chinese culture).


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The official logo of the match, titled “Beijing Menari”, was formed based on the calligraphic character “jing”, referring to the host city Bei<b data-parsoid='{"dsr":[55103,55113,3,3]}'>jing.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The 2008 Beijing mascots are five Fuwa (Hanzi:; Pinyin: Fúwá; literally meaning “lucky dolls”), each depicting one color on the Olympic rings.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The motto of the 2008 Olympics was “One World, One Dream”.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

The Beijing Olympics consist of 302 games from 28 sports.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

During NBC's 16-day telecast in the United States, it has become the most in-demand television program, with a total of 211 million viewers based on a Nielson Media Research survey, 2 million more than in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, the previous record holder.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

At the 29th Olympic Games, the host People's Republic of China succeeded as the general champion with 51 gold, 21 silver, and 28 bronze.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

See also Republic of China Chinese Reference Advanced reading Ross Terrill, The New Chinese Empire: And What It Means for the United States, Basic Books, hardcover, 400 pages, ISBN 0-465-08412-5 Roads Murphey, East Asia: A New History, U. of Michigan Press: 1996.


Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

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China

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Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

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China

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Question: what is the area of the Republic of China?

China

Category:East Asia Category:Central Asia Category:Chinese Speaking Countries and regions Category:Communist countries Category:G20 Countries Category:Members of the United Nations Category:Republic countries Category:Single Party countries Category:Countries and territories standing in 1949


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Islam by country Africa Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Republic Côte d'Ivoire DR Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia Somaliland South Africa Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Asia Afghanistan Armenia Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia Central Asia China East Timor Georgia Hong Kong India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Korea Kyrgyzstan Kuwait Laos Lebanon Macau Maldives Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Palestine Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore South Asia Southeast Asia Asia Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tibet Thailand Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen Americas Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador French Guiana Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent Suriname Trinidad and Tobago United States Uruguay Venezuela Europe Albania Andorra Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kosovo Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom England Northern Ireland Scotland Wales Soviet Union Oceania Australia Cocos Islands Fiji Guam Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia Nauru New Caledonia New Zealand Northern Mariana Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Islamportalvt History of Islam in Italy began in the 9th century: when Sicily and some regions of the Italian Peninsula became part of the rule of the Muslim Ummah between 828 (the Muslim Conquest of Sicily) and in 1300 (the destruction of the last Islamic defensive stronghold in Lucera, Puglia), Islam has almost ceased to exist in Italy since the days incorporation of the state in 1861 through the 1970s, as the first wave of immigrants from North Africa began arriving.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Those peoples, generally descended from Berbers and Arabs, most of whom came from Morocco.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Some also came from Albania, and a few years later, they were also followed by Egyptians, Tunisians, Senegalese, Somalians, Pakistanis and others. [1]


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Currently, there are 60,000 people of Italian nationality who are Islamic.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

They were foreigners who became Italian citizens and native Italians who embraced Islam.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Islam was not formally introduced by the state in Italy in addition to being the second largest creed after Catholicism.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Other beliefs including Jews and smaller groups such as the Church of the Congregations of God and the Seventh-day Adventist Church, have been approved by the Italian government.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The official introduction has given the trust a lucrative opportunity of a national “religious tax” known as Eight per thousand. [2]


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

History Since the beginning of the 7th and 8th centuries, parts of the Lombards, one of the Germanic peoples that controlled parts of Italy, chose to abandon the beliefs of Arianism and embrace Islam alongside Catholicism, whereas al-Ankubarti generally fought as a chartered soldier in the Arab forces on the coast African Mediterrania, particularly Ifriqiyah-Tunisia, and also Saqaliba by Arab Muslim peoples.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

In Central Palermo, a district is named Saqaliba.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

A notable Sicilia-Saqaliba person from the 10th century was Gawhar Al-Siqilli, a Fatimiyyyah military leader and who founded Cairo.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Another Sicilian-Saqaliba people, was from the Slavic nation Sabir al-Fata, who conquered Taranto and Otranto in 927.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Arab Muslims in Italy The first Arab attacks on the Sicilian-Byzantines in 652, 667, and 720 were failures; Syracuse was able to be conquered for the first time for a time in 708, but a planned invasion in 740 failed to be implemented because the Berber revolt of the Maghreb that lasted until 771 and the civil wars in Ifriqiyah lasted until 799.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Sardinia was however successfully controlled by Islam in several stages of occupation that took place in 711, 720, and 760 successively.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The Italian island of Pantelleria may be conquered by the Arabs in 700.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Muslims in Sicily To end the rebellion of his army, the Aghlabiyyah magistrates of Ifriqiyah dispatched Arab, Berber, and Andalusian strugglers to conquer Sicily in 827, 830, and 875, by being led by Asad bin al-Furat.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

In 902, the magistrate of Ifriqiyah made himself to lead a war force to fight on the island.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Judges from Sicily, who rebelled against Constantinople, were dubbed by the Muslims (called Saracons by Europeans) as helpers.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

In 831 Palermo fell into their hands, then in 843 followed Messina, in 878 Syracuse, in 902 Taormina, in 918 Reggio Calabria on the main mainland, and in 964 Rometta, and which was the last remaining Byzantine stronghold in Sicily.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The success of Sicilian agriculture under Arab rule made such agriculture famous in the field of exports.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Arts and crafts became rapidly flourishing in that city.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Palermo, the Arab capital of the island, had 300,000 residents at the time, more than the result of the incorporation of entire cities in Germany.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

By the early 11th century, Muslims became half the population of Sicily, with the Arabs dominating the north of the island around Palermo and the Berbers in the area around Agrigento in the southern region.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Emirate in Apulia From Sicily, the Muslim nation began to move into the main mainland and took control of Calabria.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

In 835 and then in 837, the Duke of Naples fought against the Duke of Benevento who was asked by the Muslims to help.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

In 840, the cities of Taranto and Bari fell into the hands of the Muslims, and in 841, Brindisi also suffered a fall.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Capua could be conquered, Benevento, which was then under the rule of the Franks, could be overrun in 840-847 and the years 851-52.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The attacks of the Arabs on the City of Rome in 843, 846 and 849 were successfully thwarted.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

In 847, the City of Taranto, Bari, and Brindisi declared to be an independent emirate of Aghlabiyyah.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

For decades, the Muslim nation ruled Mediterrania and attacked Italian coastal cities.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

In 868-870, the City of Ragusa in Sicily was still in the rule of the Arabs.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

It was only after the fall of Malta in 870 that the Christian of the western world succeeded in repairing the war force against the Muslims.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Franko-Roman Emperor Louis II conquered Brindisi and overran the Arabs in Bari in 871, but later fell captive to Aghlabiyyah.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Instead, Byzantium conquered Taranto in 880.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

A small number of Arab fortresses in the south survived until 885, an example being Santa Severina Crotone in Calabria.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

In 882, the Muslims encountered at the mouth of the Garigliano River between Naples and Rome a new base far north, which united with Gaeta, and invaded Campania like Sabinia in Lazio.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

One hundred years later, Byzantium called the Arabs of Sicilia as a supporter against the kempanye of German Emperor Otto II.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

They defeated Otto at Taranto of 982 in battle at Crotone and in the following 200 years were largely superseded in preventing his successor since entering southern Italy.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

In 1002, Bari was controlled again by the Arabs, but was later overrun again by Byzantium.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Melus (Melo), Emir of Bari 1009-1019, fought Byzantium and was dubbed by the Normans as a savior.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Melus, originally from Lombard-Arabi, is depicted as Ismail in the gold embroidery “Sternenmantel”, which the German emperor Henry II granted.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

After the Aghlabiyyah were defeated at Ifriqiya, Sicily fell in the 10th century to their Bani Fatimiyah successors, but claimed independence after a battle between Sunni Islam and Shi'ah Islam under the Kalbids.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Invasion in Piedmont After they took control of the Visigoth empire in Spain, the Arabs and Barbarians 729-765 of Septimania and Narbonne made sieges in northern Italy, and in 793 overran again southern France (Nice 813, 859 and 880).


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

In 888 Andalusian Muslims turned new troops at Fraxinet near Frejus in the Province of France, from where they began a siege along the coast and inside France.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The year 915, after the Battle of Garigliano, the Muslims lost their troops south of Lazio.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

In 926 King Hugh of Italy ruled the Arabs to battle to defend northern Italy which he seized.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The years 934 and 935 Genua and La Spezia were invaded, followed by Nice in 942.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

In Piedmont, the Muslims traveled as far as Asti and Novi, which moved north along the Rhône valley and the western part of the Alps.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

After the defeat of the Burgundy Forces, Year 942-964 they took control of Savoy and occupied parts of Switzerland (952—960).


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Swiss cities such as Saratz nevertheless use emblems of Arab existence in that region.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

To fight the Arabs, Emperor Berengar I, Hugh's sainggan, ruled the Hungarians, where in his movement, they destroyed the north of Italy.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Under the pressure of the German King, Fraxinet had to surrender in 972, but thirty years later, in 1002, Genoa was overrun, and in 1004 Pisa.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Pisa and Genoa joined forces to end Muslim rule up to Corsica (Islam 810/850-930/1020) and Sardinia.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Since 1015 Sardinia was protected by the fleet of the Andalusian Emir of Dénia in Spain, which was defeated by the Italian union of the peoples of 1016 and then after his invasion of 1022.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Only in 1027 did the Italians succeed in defeating the Sardinian Muslims; the last Muslim upheaval ended in 1050.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Sicily under Normandy Culture and economy in Sicily that originated under the Kalbids were hampered by deep fighting, which was followed by intervention, in 1027, by the Tunisian Zirids, and by Pisa (1030—1035) and Byzantium.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Eastern Sicily (Messina, Syracuse and Taormina) was overrun by Byzantium in 1038-1042.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The year 1059 later the Normans from southern Italy, led by Roger I, joined the battle.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The Normans occupied Reggio in 1060 (in 1027 seized from Arabia by Byzantium).


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

In 1061 Messina fell into the hands of the Normans; an invasion by the Hammadids of Algeria to maintain Islamic rule hampered in 1063 by the fleets of Genoa and Pisa.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The defeats of Palermo of 1072 and Syracuse of 1088 could not have been prevented.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Noto and the last Muslim defense at Sicily fell in 1091.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The years 1090—91 the Normans also occupied Malta; Pantelleria fell in 1123.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

An important Muslim population remained in Sicily under the Normans. [3] [4] Roger II who hosted in his territory, alongside others, the famous geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi and the poet Muhammad bin Zafar.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

In the first time, Muslims tolerated the Normans, but then pressure from the Pope made discrimination against them increased; many mosques were destroyed or made churches.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The first Sicilian Normans did not take part in the Crusades, but they soon carried out a number of invasions and rebellions in Ifriqiya, before they were defeated there after 1157 by the Almohads.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

A quiet life together in Sicily finally ended with the death of King William II in 1189.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Elected Jews migrated then.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Their medical knowledge was retained in the Schola Medica Salernitana; the Arabi-Byzantium-Normandy symbiosis in art and architecture was enshrined as the Sicilian Roma Style of Architecture.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The remaining Muslim escapees, being the example of Caltagirone in Sicily, or hiding within the mountain and continued opposition to the Hohenstaufen Dynasty, which governed the island from 1194.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

In the proud land of the island, Muslim was recited by Ibn Abbad, the last Emir of Sicily.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

To end this upheaval, emperor Frederick II, [5] a vassal of the Crusades, manghasut a policy of ethnic and religious “cleansing”, with regard to Papal pressure but also in orders to render the ability of loyal troops who could not be affected by Christian rivals (local barons and kings foreign, like the Pope).


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Years 1224-1239 he deported 20,000-30,000 Muslims from Sicily towards a colony under military control at Lucera in Apulia, roughly 20 kilometers northwest of Foggia and 150 kilometers northwest of Bari.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

He made the colonies autonomy and supported them, thereby aiding Muslim culture in Italy for the last time.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The year 1249 he rejected Muslims from Malta.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Frederick had a Muslim safety force, speaking Arabic and wearing the Coronation Mantle made by Arab tailors, causing the pope to dispose of him as “Sultan of Lucera”.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

At Frederick's death, according to the alleged 60,000 Muslims lived in Lucera.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

After the fall of the Hohenstaufen in the Battle of Benevento (1266), Muslims fought side by side with the Sicilian Staufers, and vassals of the defeated Crusade in 1291.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Lucera was finally able to be defeated in 1300 due to the incitement of the Pope by King Charles II of Naples.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The Muslim population, which numbered roughly 100,000, was murdered and enslaved.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The Ottomans in Otranto Apulia belonged to the Kingdom of Naples and stood under Spanish rule since the mid-15th century.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The Spanish had begun the final offensive in the occupation of Granada of 1481.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The last Islamic pedestal in Spain is causing desperation to be able to help all Mediterranean Islamic countries.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The Ottoman Empire, in 1453 under Sultan Mehmed II had occupied Constantinople and Galata, in 1475 the last pedestal of Genuas in the Black Sea and in 1479 the Venetian Colony of Euboea in Greece, in 1480 completed the redoubt diversion attack on the Spanish territorial in southern Italy, after 1479 Turkish troops had entered Friuli in northern Italy (and later 1499-1503).


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The Apulian port city of Otranto, located about 100 kilometers southeast of Brindisi, was overrun and converted for use as the chief bridgehead of the Turks, but was ceded again in 1481, when Mehmed died and Constantinople witnessed warfare for the throne.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Cem, the man who got the Ottoman throne, was defeated next to the pope's support; he fled with his family the Kingdom of Naples, where his male descendants were bestowed with the designation Principe de Sayd by the Pope of 1492.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

They lived in Naples until the 17th century and in Sicily until 1668 before relocating to Malta.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Attacks in the 16th century It is becoming a debate if Otranto intends to make troops in the next battle.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The Ottoman sultans never gave up their ambition to end Christianity in Rome and implement Islamic sovereignty.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

After the occupation of Ragusa (Dubrovnik) and Hungary of 1526 and the defeat of Turkish forces in Vienna of 1529, Turkish forces invaded back southern Italy.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Year 1512/1526 the Ottomans occupied Reggio and in 1537 parts of Calabria and in 1538 defeated the Venetian Forces.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The year 1539 Nice was besieged by the Barbarians (Siege of Nice), but attempts at Turkish overlordship in Sicily failed, such as the attempted occupation of Pantelleria of 1553 and the siege of Malta of 1565.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Spain, the biggest contributor to the glory of the Christian “Sacred Rivalry” in the battle of Lepanto of 1571 was made by the Republic of Venice, between 1423 (and in particular since 1463) and 1718 fought eight coastal wars against the Ottoman Empire.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Current situation According to the last official Italian statistics, Muslims account for about 34% of the 2,400,000 foreign population living in Italy as of January 1, 2005. The 820,000 foreign residents constitute a number of Muslims officially residing in Italy, another 100,000-150,000 should be was added, as the existence of Muslims, according to the widely approved annual estimate of the Italian association Caritas, about 40% official Italian immigrants.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Alongside legal immigrants indicating a minority of Muslim existence in Italy, the issue of Islam in Italy today relates some political parties (specifically 'North Luga' or 'Lega Lombarda') with immigration, and more specifically illegal immigration.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Immigration has become an open political issue, when, particularly in the summer, reports of boatloads of illegal immigrants or news programs clandestini dominance.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The police force did not have great success in interrupting the large number of thousands of clandestini pulled over on the Italian coast, mainly because of the sheer length of the Italian coastline: a total of about 8,000km.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

However, many clandestini docked in Italy only use Italy as a bridge to other EU countries, due to the fact that Italy does not have as many economic opportunities for them as Germany or France, and more or less a hostile climate for their existence, too with religious observance of Italian Catholics.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The number of foreign Muslims who have resided in Italy is estimated between 30,000 and 50,000, if Italian Muslims (from Italian clans who previously included Catholics or had no religion and converted to Islam) are estimated to be less than 10,000.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Because of this, in 2005 the number of Muslims living in Italy was estimated to be between 960,000 and 1,030,000, with the average estimate close to the figure of millions in which the Italian media had already begun to adopt referring to the Muslim population in Italy.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The existence of Muslims is currently 1.4% of the Italian population, a low percentage of any other major EU country, and still descends from that recorded in Italy between the mid-9th century and the end of the 13th century, before the displacement of the last Muslim troops in Puglia of 1300.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

During Medieval times, the total Muslim population was almost centered in Insular (Sicily, Sardinia) and (Calabria, Puglia) Southern Italy, today more evenly spread, of which almost 55% of Muslims inhabit the North of Italy, 25% in the Centre, and only 20% in the South.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

It must be said that alongside the mock 'Muslim Invasion', Muslims formed a low proportion of immigrants later in the following year, when the last statistical report of Italian Minister of Interior and Caritas showed that the Muslim share among new immigrants slumped from over 50% initially in 1990- s (generally Albanian and Moroccan) became less than 25% in later decades, with non-Muslim States such as Romania, Moldavia, and Ukraine spearheading the last “wave” of immigration.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The relative small size of local Muslim communities means that Islam has made an important impact on public life, but there is a sign that is changing.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The current point of upheaval between native Italians and Muslim immigrant populations includes the existence of crosses in school classroom rusangs and Italian hospital rooms.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

Adel Smith talah attracted media consideration by demanding that crosses in public places (schools, hospitals, and government offices) be moved.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

The Italian State Council, with a sentence number of 556, 13 February 2006, confirmed the display of the cross in government support placed.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

If non-Christians may not see this as a reason to make crosses compulsory within state institutions, many Muslims have also expressed their opposition to moving crosses because they do not find them intrusive.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

They cite the fact that many countries with majority Muslims, it is common to find arrows in hotel spaces that signify the direction of Mecca, and that this is not made material for debate by non-Muslims.


Question: Who brought the first islam to Italy?

Islam in Italy

See also History of Islam in southern Italy Islam by country Religion in Italy Christianity in Italy Jews in Italy Buddhism in Italy Political list of religious minorities Italy Islamic fashion controversy in Europe Further reading Unknown parameters |month= ignored (help) Reference Outside links


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Organizational Communication is a form of message exchange between communication units located within a particular organization [1].


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Organizations themselves consist of communication units in hierarchical relationships between one and the other and function in an environment.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Organizational communication involves humans as subjects involved in the process of receiving, interpreting, and acting on information.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

According to Wiryanto, Organizational communication is the sending and receiving of various organizational messages within formal and informal groups of an organization.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Formal communication is communication approved by the organization itself and its interest-oriented nature of the organization.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

The content is in the form of how to work within the organization, productivity, and various jobs to be done in the organization.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

For example: memos, policies, statements, press releases, and official papers.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

As for informal communication is socially approved communication.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Its orientation is not to the organization, but more to its members individually.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Organizational communication is similar to internal communication.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

The understanding of internal communication is the exchange of ideas among administrators and employees in an enterprise, in a typical complete structure accompanied by horizontal and vertical exchange of ideas within the company, so that work can proceed. [2]


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

The discussion of Organizational communication generally discusses organizational structure and function, human relations, communication and organizational processes and organizational culture [3] .Organizational communication is given limits as the flow of messages in a network whose relationship is interdependent each other include vertical and horizontal communication currents. [4].


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Organizational Communication Style Six communication styles according to Steward L.Tubbs and Sylvia Moss Communication Style Controlling The controlling communication style (in English: The Controlling Style) is characterized by the presence of a single will or intent to limit, coerce and regulate behavior, mind and other people's responses.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

People who use this style of communication are known as one-way communicators or one-way communications.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Parties who use this controlling style of communication, focus more attention on sending messages than their efforts to expect messages.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

They don't have a sense of interest and concern to share messages.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

They have no sense of interest and attention to feedback, unless the feedback or feedback is used for their personal benefit.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Such one-way communicators do not worry about the negative views of others, but instead seek to use authority and power to force others to obey their views.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

The messages are coming from this one-way communicator, not trying to 'sell' the idea to be talked about together but rather at the effort of explaining to others what it is doing.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

The controlling style of communication is often used to susuate others to work and act effectively, and generally in the form of criticism.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

But demkian, this controlling style of communication, is not infrequently pitched negatively so as to cause others to give negative responses or responses.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Two-way Communication Style In this style of communication, communication is carried out openly.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

This means that every member of The Equalitarian Style organization can express ideas or opinions in a relaxed, relaxed and informal atmosphere.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

In such an atmosphere, it allows each member of the organization to reach mutual agreement and understanding.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

An important aspect of this communication style is the foundation of common ground.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

The equalitarian style of communication is characterized by the enactment of the flow of verbal and written messages that are bidirectional (two-way communication).


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

People who use this meaningful communication style in common, are people who have a high attitude of concern and the ability to foster good relationships with others both in a personal context and within the scope of working relationships.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

The equalitarian style will facilitate communication in the organization, because this style is effective in maintaining empathy and cooperation, especially in situations to make decisions on complex issues.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

This communication style also ensures the ongoing act of sharing information among members in an organization.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Structured Communication Style This structured communication style utilizes both written and oral verbal messages to strengthen the commands that must be implemented, scheduling tasks and work and organizational structure.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

The sender (sender) pays more attention to the desire to influence others by the way of sharing information about the objectives of the organization, work schedule, rules and procedures applicable in that organization.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Stogdill and Coons of The Bureau of Business Research of Ohio State University, found a dimension of effective leadership, which they named the Initiation Structure or Initiating Structure.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Stogdill and Coons explained that the initiators of efficient structures are people who are able to plan verbal messages in order to better establish organizational goals, assignment frameworks and provide answers to questions that arise.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Dynamic Communication Style This dynamic communication style has an aggressive tendency, because the sender of the message or sender understands that the work environment is action-oriented (action-oriented).


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

The dynamic style of communication is often used by campaigners or supervisors who bring salesmen (salesmen or saleswomen).


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

The main goal of this aggressive communication style is to stimulate or stimulate workers/employees to work faster and better.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

This communication style is quite effective in addressing critical issues, but with the requirement that employees or subordinates have sufficient ability to address such critical issues.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

The Relinguishing Style This communication style reflects more willingness to accept other people's suggestions, opinions or ideas, rather than a desire to give orders, even though the sender has the right to give orders and control others.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Messages in this style of communication will be effective when the sender or sender is working with people who are knowledgeable, experienced, conscientious and willing to take responsibility for all the tasks or jobs they charge.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

The Withdrawal Style The result that arises if this style is used is the weakening of the act of communication, meaning there is no desire from people who use this style to communicate with others, because there are some problems or difficulties between the person faced by people aforementioned.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

A concrete description is when someone says: “I don't want to be involved in this issue”.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

This statement means that he tries to abdicate himself from responsibility, but also indicates a desire to avoid communicating with others.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Therefore, this style is not worth wearing in the context of organizational communication.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

The following is a table regarding communication styles.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Types of Organizational Communication According to Pace and Fules, there are several types of directional communication in organizational communication, as follows [1].


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Supervisor Communication to Subordinates (Downward communication) Namely communication that takes place when people who are at the management level send messages to their subordinates.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

The function of communication flow from the top to the bottom is: a) Giving or storing of work instructions (job instruction) b) Explanation from the leadership about why a task needs to be implemented (job rationale) c) Submission of information about applicable regulations (procedures and procedures and procedures practices) d) Providing motivation to employees to work better.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

There are 4 methods in the delivery of information to employees according to Level (1972): Writing Method, Oral Method, Writing Method followed Oral, and Oral Method followed by Writing.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Communication Subordinate to the Supervisor (Upward Communication) Namely communication that occurs when a subordinate (subordinate) sends a message to his superior.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

The function of the communication flow from the bottom up is as the delivery of information about the work or tasks that have been carried out, the delivery of information about work issues or tasks that cannot be completed by subordinates, the delivery of remedial suggestions of subordinate, the delivery of complaints from the subordinate about himself or his work.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Upward communication becomes too complicated and time-consuming and perhaps only a small handful of organizational managers figure out how to obtain information from below.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Sharma (1979) suggests 4 reasons why upward communication looks very difficult: 1.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

The tendency for clerks to hide their thoughts 2.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Feeling that their superiors are not attracted to the problems experienced by employees 3.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Lack of appreciation for upward communication conducted by employees 4.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

The feeling that the supervisor cannot be contacted and does not respond to what is conveyed by employees Horizontal Communication (Horizontal Communication) is communication that takes place between employees or parts of equal standing.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

The function of this horizontal communication flow is to improve task coordination, problem-solving efforts, sharing of information, conflict solving efforts, and efforts to foster relationships through joint activities.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Cross-Channel Communication (Interline Communication) That is the act of communication to share information past functional boundaries.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Staff specialists are usually most active in these cross-channel communications because usually their responsibilities relate to functional positions.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Since there are many cross-channel communications that staff specialists and other people who need to get in touch in other chains of command, organizational policies are needed to guide cross-channel communication.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

There are two conditions that must be met in using cross-channel communication: Every employee who wants to communicate across the channel must seek prior permission from their direct supervisor. Every employee involved in cross-channel communication must notify the results of the communication to his superiors.


Question: What is the concept of Organization Communication?

Organizational communication

Category Reference:Communication


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

JMPL|200x200px|36D6 radar (Tin Shield) This radar is a type of air defense radar for detecting flying objects such as aircraft or control bullets.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Radar (which in English stands for Radio Detection and Ranging, which means radio detection and imprisonment) is an electromagnetic wave system that is useful for detecting, measuring distance and map objects such as aircraft, various motor vehicles and weather information (rain).


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

The wavelength emitted by radar varies from millimeters to meters.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Radio waves/signals emitted and reflected from a particular object will be captured by radar.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

By analyzing the reflected signal, the signal reflector can be determined its location and through further analysis of the reflected signal can also be determined its type.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Although the received signal is relatively weak/small, it radios those signals can be detected and amplified by radar receivers.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

A Brief History of JMPL|Fire-control radar.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Westinghouse AN/APG-68 radar A British physicist named James Clerk Maxwell developed the foundations of the theory about electromagnetics in 1865.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

A year later, a German physicist named Heinrich Rudolf Hertz managed to prove Maxwell's theory of electromagnetic waves by discovering the electromagnetic waves themselves.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

The detection of the existence of an object using electromagnetic waves was first applied by Christian Hülsmeyer in 1904.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

The real form of detection is done by showing the permissibility of electromagnetic waves in detecting the presence of a ship in thick foggy weather.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

But at that time, detection has not yet reached the ability to know the distance of the ship.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

In 1921, Albert Wallace Hull invented the magnetron as an efficient signal/transmitter tube.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Later transmitters were successfully placed on wooden ships and aircraft for the first time successively by A. H. Taylor and L. C. Young in 1922 and L. A. Hyland of the United States Marine Research Laboratory in 1930.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

The term radar itself was first used in 1941, replacing the term from the British abbreviation RDF (Radio Directon Finding), but the development of radar itself had already begun to be widely developed before World War II by scientists from America, Germany, France and Britain.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Of the many scientists, the most instrumental in the development of radar was Robert Watson-Watt of Scottish origin, who began conducting his research on the forerunner of radar in 1915.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

In the 1920s, he joined the radio section of the National Physical Laboratory.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

At this place, he studied and developed navigation equipment and also radio towers.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Watson-Watt became one of the appointed persons and was granted complete freedom by the Ministry of Air Affairs and the Ministry of Aircraft Production to develop radar.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Watson-Watt then created a radar that could detect aircraft that were approaching from a distance of 40 miles (about 64km).


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

The following two years, Britain had a network of radar stations that served to protect its shores.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

At first, the radar had a drawback, namely the electromagnetic waves that it emitted inside the waves that were not intermittent.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

This causes the radar to be able to detect the presence of an object, but not at its precise location.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

The breakthrough finally came in 1936 with the development of pulsed (pulsed) radar.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

With this radar, the signal is disconnected rhythmically making it possible to measure between echoes to know the exact speed and direction regarding the target.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Meanwhile, the most significant breakthrough came in 1939 with the discovery of high-power microwave transmitters.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

The advantage of this transmitter is its precision in detecting the presence of the target, no matter in any weather circumstances.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Another advantage is that these waves can be captured using smaller antennas, so radar can be mounted on aircraft and other objects.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

This is what ultimately makes Britain become superior to the rest of the world.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

In the following years, radar systems developed even more rapidly, both in terms of higher resolution and portability rates, and in terms of improved capabilities of the radar system itself as a military defense.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Working Principle The radar concept is to measure the distance from the sensor to the target.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

The measure of the distance is obtained by measuring the time that electromagnetic waves take during their run starting from the sensor to the target and back again to the sensor.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Radar Classification Based on Waveform (Waveform) Continuous Wave/CW (Continuous Wave), is a radar that uses a transmitter and a receiving antenna separately, where this radar continuously emits electromagnetic waves.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Unmodulated CW radars can accurately measure the target velocity through as well as the angular position of the target.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Unmodulated CW radars are usually used to determine the target speed and to be missile guidance.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Pulsed Radars/PR (Pulsed Radar), is a radar whose electromagnetic waves are disconnected rhythmically.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Pulse Repetition frequency (PRF) can be classified into 3 parts, namely PRF high, PRF medium and PRF low.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Based on the Number of Antennanya Monostatic Radar: Monostatic radar is a type of radar that only has an antenna used to emit or receive signals.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

This radar has a section called a duplexer to separate between the receiver and the transmitter.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Monostatic radar usually uses waveform (Waveform) however can also use CW.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

For the design of monostatic radar CW used a device called a circulator to separate between the emitted and received waves.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

This type of radar dominates the types of radars that exist today.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Bistatic/Multistatic Radar: Bistatic radar is a type of radar system whose components consist of a signal transmitter (transmitter) and one or more signal receivers (receivers), where the two components are separate.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

The two components are separated by a distance that can be compared to the target/object distance.


Question: How to measure radio waves?

radar

Objects can be detected based on the signal reflected by that object to the center of the antenna.