Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Proteins secreted from cells are transported to the plasma membrane within the secretory vesicle, which releases its contents by means of joining the plasma membrane in the process of exocytosis.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The reverse process, endocytosis, can occur when the plasma membrane concaves into cells and forms endocytotic vesicles that are carried to Golgi bodies or other places, for example lysosomes. [42]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Lysosomes Lysosomes in animal cells are vesicles that contain more than 30 types of hydrolytic enzymes to decompose various complex molecules.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cells reuse molecular subunits that lysosome already deciphered.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Depending on the substance it is deciphering, lysosomes can be of various sizes and shapes.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These organelles are formed as vesicles that break away from the Golgi body. [42]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Lysosomes decompose food molecules that enter the cell through endocytosis when an endocytosis vesicle joins the lysosome.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In a process called autophagy, lysosomes digest organelles that do not function properly.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Lysosomes also play a role in phagocytosis, the process that a number of cell types perform to ingest bacteria or other cell fragments to decipher.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

An example of a cell that performs phagocytosis is a type of white blood cell called phagocyte, which plays an important role in the immune system. [42]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Vacuoles Most lysosomal functions of animal cells are performed by vacuoles in plant cells.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The vacuole membranes, which are part of the endomembrane system, are called tonoplasts.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The vacuole comes from the Latin word vacuolum meaning 'empty' and is so named because this organelle has no internal structure.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Generally vacuoles are larger than vesicles, and are sometimes formed from the concatenation of many vesicles. [44]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Young plant cells are small and contain many small vacuoles that then merge to form a central vacuole along with the addition of water to it.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Plant cell size is enlarged by adding water into that central vacuole.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The central vacuole also contains food reserves, salts, pigments, and metabolic wastes.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Substances that are toxic to herbivores can also be stored in vacuoles as defense mechanisms.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Vacuoles also play an important role in maintaining plant turgor pressure. [44]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The vacuole has many other functions and can also be found in animal cells and unicellular protists.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Most protozoa have food vacuoles, which join lysosomes to allow the food in them to be digested.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Some types of protozoa also have contractile vacuoles, which secrete excess water from cells. [44] Mitochondria Most eukaryote cells contain many mitochondria, which occupy up to 25 percent of the cytoplasmic volume.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These organelles include large organelles, in general only smaller than nuclei, vacuoles, and chloroplasts. [45]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The name mitochondria comes from its thread-like appearance (mythical Greek, 'thread') under a light microscope. [46]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These organelles have two kinds of membranes, the outer membrane and the inner membrane, which are separated by the intermembrane space.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The surface area of the inner membrane is greater than that of the outer membrane because it has folds, or krista, that pop into the matrix, or mitochondrial inner space. [45]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration, which is a chemical process that energizes cells. [47] Carbohydrates and fats are examples of high-energy food molecules broken down into water and carbon dioxide by reactions within the mitochondria, with the release of energy.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Most energy released in that process is captured by a molecule called ATP.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

It is mitochondria that produces most of the cell's ATP. [42] The chemical energy of ATP can later be used to execute various chemical reactions in cells. [44] Most of the stages of breakdown of food molecules and ATP manufacturing are carried out by enzymes contained in crystas and mitochondrial matrix. [45]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Mitochondria multiply themselves independently of whole other parts of the cell. [46]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

This organelle has its own DNA that encodes a number of mitochondrial proteins, which are made on its own ribosomes similar to the ribosomes of prokaryotes. [44]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are one type of organelle called plastid in plants and algae. [36]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that captures light energy for photosynthesis, that is, a series of reactions that convert light energy into chemical energy stored in carbohydrate molecules and other organic compounds. [48]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

One unicellular algal cell can have one chloroplast alone, while one leaf cell can have 20 to 100 chloroplasts.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These organelles tend to be larger than mitochondria, with a length of 5—10µm or more.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Chloroplasts are usually shaped like discs and, like mitochondria, have an outer membrane and an inner membrane separated by intermembrane space.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The inner membrane of chloroplasts envelops the stroma, which loads various enzymes responsible for forming carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in photosynthesis.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

A second inner membrane system within the stroma consists of flattened pockets called interconnected thylacoids.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Tilakoid-tilakoids form a pile called granum (plural, grana).


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Chlorophyll is present in the thylacoid membrane, which plays a similar role to the inner membrane of mitochondria, that is, it is involved in the formation of ATP. [48]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

A portion of this formed ATP is used by enzymes in the stroma to convert carbon dioxide into a triple carbonaceous intermediate compound which is then removed into the cytoplasm and converted into carbohydrates. [49]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Just like mitochondria, chloroplasts also have their own DNA and ribosomes and grow and multiply themselves. [44]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These two organelles can also move around in cells. [49] Peroxisomes are similar in size to lysosomes and can be found in all eukaryote cells. [50]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These organelles are so named because they usually contain one or more enzymes involved in oxidation reactions producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). [51]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Hydrogen peroxide is a toxic chemical, but within the peroxisomes this compound is used for another oxidation reaction or is decomposed into water and oxygen.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

One of the tasks of peroxisomes is to oxidize long fatty acids to shorter which are then taken to the mitochondria for perfect oxidation. [50]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Peroxisomes in liver and kidney cells also detoxify various toxic molecules that enter the blood, for example, alcohol.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Meanwhile, peroxisomes in plant seeds play an important role in converting the fat reserves of seeds into carbohydrates used in the germination stage. [51]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton of eukaryotes consists of three types of protein fibers, namely microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments. [52]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cytoskeleton proteins that are similar and function similarly to the cytoskeleton of eukaryotes are also found in prokaryotes. [33]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Microtubules are hollow cylinders that give the cell shape, guide the movement of organelles, and help the movement of chromosomes at the time of cell division. The cilia and flagella of eukaryotes, which are aids of movement, also contain microtubules.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The intermediate filament supports the shape of the cell and keeps the organelle in place.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Meanwhile, microfilaments, which are thin rods of actin proteins, function among other things in muscle contraction in animals, the formation of pseudopodia for the movement of ameba cells, and the flow of material within the cytoplasm of plant cells. [53]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

A number of motor proteins drive various organelles along the cytoskeleton of eukaryotes.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In general, motor proteins can be classed in three types, namely kinesin, dinein, and myosin.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Kinesin and dinein move on microtubules, while myosin moves on microfilaments. [54]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Extracellular components The cells of animals and plants are united as tissues primarily by the extracellular matrix, that is, a complex network of molecules that the cell secretes and functions primary forming a supporting skeleton.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Especially in animals, cells in most tissues are directly bound to each other through cell connections. [55] Animal extracellular matrix The extracellular matrix of animal cells is based on the main constituent of glycoproteins (proteins that bind to short carbohydrates), and the most abundant is collagen which form strong fibers on the outside of the cell. These collagen fibers are embedded in a woven tangle made of proteoglycans, which are glycoproteins of another class [56] Variations in the type and molecular arrangement of the extracellular matrix give rise to various shapes, for example hard such as the surface of bones and teeth, transparent like the cornea of the eye, or shaped like a strong cord on a muscle.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The extracellular matrix not only unifies cells but also affects cell development, shape, and behavior. [57] Plant cell wall The plant cell wall is the extracellular matrix that envelops each plant cell. [58]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These walls are composed of cellulose fibers embedded in other polysaccharides as well as proteins and are much thicker in size than the plasma membrane, which is 0.1µm by several micrometers.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The cell wall protects plant cells, retains their shape, and prevents excessive suction of water. [59]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Intercellular connections Cell junctions can be found at intercellular meeting points or between cells and extracellular matrices.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

According to its function, cell joints can be classified into three, namely (1) occluding junction, (2) anchor connection (anchoring junction), and (3) communicating junction.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

A plug connection seals the surface of two cells into one in such a way that even small molecules cannot pass, for example is a tight junction in vertebrates.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Meanwhile, anchor joints attach the cell (and its cytoskeleton) to its neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Lastly, the communicating joint unites two cells but allows chemical or electrical signals to pass between those cells.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Plasmodesmata is an example of a communication connection found only in plants. [60]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Metabolism Function The whole chemical reaction that makes living beings capable of their activities is called metabolism, [61] and most of those chemical reactions occur within the cell. [3] The metabolism that occurs in the cell can be catabolic reactions, that is, the overhaul of chemical compounds for produce energy and to be used as a material for the formation of other compounds, and anabolic reactions, namely the reaction to the preparation of cell components. [62] One of the catabolic processes that remodel food molecules to produce energy in the cell is cellular respiration, which mostly takes place inside mitochondria eukaryotes or cytosolic prokaryotes and produce ATP.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Meanwhile, an example of an anabolic process is protein synthesis that takes place on the ribosome and requires ATP.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cell communication The ability of cells to communicate, that is, receive and transmit 'signals' from and to other cells, determines interactions between unicellular organisms and regulates the function and development of the body of multicellular organisms.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

For example, bacteria communicate with each other in the process of quorum sensing (quorum sensing) to determine if their numbers are sufficient before forming biofilms, while cells in animal embryos communicate for coordination of differentiation processes into different cell types. Cell communication consists of the process of intercellular signal transfer in the form of molecules (e.g., hormones) or electrical activity, and signal transduction within the target cell to molecules that elicit a cell response. Signal transfer mechanisms can occur by intercellular contact (e.g. via communicating junctions), dispersal of signal molecules to adjacent cells, dispersal of signal molecules to distant cells through channels (e.g. blood vessels), or propagation of electrical signals to distant cells (e.g. in smooth muscle tissue).


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Furthermore, signaling molecules either penetrate the membrane directly, pass through the protein canal, or cling to receptors in the form of transmembrane proteins on the surface of the target cell and trigger signal transduction within the cell. This signal transduction can involve a number of substances called second messengers whose concentrations increase after attachment of signal molecules to receptors and which later regulate the activity of other proteins within the cell. In addition, signal transduction can also be performed by a number of protein types that can ultimately affect cell metabolism, function, or development. [63] [64] Each cell cycle comes from previous cell division, and the stages of cell life between cell division to division The next cell is referred to as the cell cycle. [65] In most cells, this cycle consists of four coordinated processes, namely cell growth, DNA replication, splitting duplicated DNA to two prospective tiller cells, as well as cell division. [66] In bacteria, the process of splitting DNA to prospective tiller cells can occur in conjunction with DNA replication, and successive cell cycles can lap.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

This is not the case with eukaryotes whose cell cycle occurs in four separate phases so the rate of bacterial cell division can be faster than the rate of cell division of eukaryotes. [67]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

In eukaryotes, the cell growth stage generally occurs twice, namely before DNA replication (called G1 phase, gap 1) and before cell division (G2 phase).


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The bacterial cell cycle is not obligate to have a G1 phase, but has a G2 phase called period D. The DNA replication phase in eukaryotes is called the S phase (synthesis), or in bacteria equivalent to period C. Furthermore, eukaryotes have a nucleus cleavage stage called the M phase (mitosis).


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The interstage transition of the cell cycle is controlled by a regulatory fixture that not only coordinates events in the cell cycle, but also connects the cell cycle with the extracellar signals that control cell multiplication. For example, animal cells in G1 phase can stop and not switch to S phase when there are no specific growth factors, but instead enter a state called G0 phase and undergo neither growth nor multiplication.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

An example is fibroblast cells that simply divide themselves to repair the body's damage caused by injuries. [66]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

If the regulation of the cell cycle is disrupted, for example due to mutations, the risk of tumor formation—that is, abnormal cell multiplication — increases and may have an effect on cancer formation. [68]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cell differentiation Cell differentiation creates a diversity of cell types that appear during the development of a multicellular organism from a fertilized egg.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

For example, mammals derived from a cell develop into an organism with hundreds of different cell types such as muscles, nerves, and skin. [69]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The cells in the developing embryo perform cell signaling that affects the expression of cell genes and causes such differentiation. [70]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Programmed cell death Cells in multicellular organisms can undergo a programmed death which is useful for cell population control by compensating for cell multiplication, for example to prevent the appearance of tumors.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cell death is also useful for removing parts of the body that are not needed.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

For example, at the time of embryo formation, the fingers on the human hand or foot are initially fused together, but then they form thanks to the death of interfinger cells.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Thus, the time and place of occurrence of cell death, just like cell growth and division, is a highly controlled process.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Such cell death occurs in a process called apoptosis that begins when an important factor is lost from the cell environment or when an internal signal is activated.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The initial symptom of apoptosis is nucleus compaction and DNA fragmentation followed by cell shrinkage. [71] The study of modern cell biology develops from the integration between cytology, which is the study of cell structure, and biochemistry, which is the study of molecules and chemical processes of metabolism.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Microscopy is the most important equipment in cytology, while a biochemical approach called cell fractionation has also become very important in cell biology. [72] Microscopy microscopy played a role in the study of cells since the beginning of its discovery.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The type of microscope used by Renaissance scientists and that is now widely used in laboratories is the light microscope.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Visible light is passed through the specimen and then a glass lens that refracts the light in such a way that the image of the specimen is magnified when projected onto the microscope user's eye.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

However, light microscopy has a limit to parse power, that is, it is not able to decipher finer details of approximately 0.2µm (small bacterial size).


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The development of techniques for using light microscopy since the early 20th century involved efforts to increase contrast, for example by staining or administering fluorescent substances.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Furthermore, cell biology underwent rapid progress with the invention of electron microscopy that uses electron beams in place of visible light and can have a resolution (parse power) of about 2nm.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

There are two basic types of electron microscopy, namely transmission electron microscope (transmission electron microscope, TEM) and payar electron microscope (scanning electron microscope, SEM).


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

TEM is primarily used to examine the internal structure of cells, while SEM is particularly useful for looking at specimen surfaces in detail. [72]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Cell fractionation. Cell fractionation is a technique for separating parts of cells. In general, this technique involves homogenization, that is, the subtle breakdown of cells with the help of a blender or ultrasound device, and centrifugation, that is, the separation of cell components by centrifugal force in a centrifuge device, a tool such as a merry-go-round for test tubes that can rotate on speed range.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

The most advanced centrifuge, called an ultrasentrifuge, can rotate as fast as 80,000 rotations per minute (rpm) and exert a force on sampled particles up to 500,000 times the Earth's gravitational force (500,000 g).


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Homogenate screening inside the centrifuge separates the cell parts into two fractions, namely pellets, consisting of larger structures collected at the bottom of the centrifuge tube, and supernatants, which consist of smaller cell parts suspended in liquid on top of the pellet.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

These supernatants are re-centrifuged and the process is repeated, with progressively higher rotation speeds at each stage, so that the longer the smaller cell components collect in successive pellets. [72]


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

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Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

All about the cells., a flash video showing what happens inside of a cell of, a collection of peer-reviewed still images, video clips and digital books that illustrate the structure, function and biology of the cell.


Question: What are the cells in the human body?

Cell (biology)

Category:Cell biology


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

Wetu Telu (Indonesia:Time Tiga) is a unique practice of some Sasak people who inhabit the island of Lombok in carrying out the Islamic religion.


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

It is argued that this unique practice occurred because the propagators of Islam in the past, who tried to introduce Islam to the Sasak people at that time gradually, left the island of Lombok before teaching the teachings of Islam completely [1].


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

Currently, the adherents of Wetu Telu have been greatly reduced, and only limited to the older generations in certain regions, as a result of the incessant existence of historical Islam before the entry of Islam, the people who inhabited the island of Lombok successively adhered to the belief of animism, dynamism then Hinduism.


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

Islam first entered through the guardians of the island of Java, namely sunan Prapen in around the XVI century, after the collapse of Majapahit kingdom.


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

The introductory language used by these spreaders is Old Javanese.


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

In conveying the teachings of Islam, the trustees did not necessarily eliminate the old customs of the people who still adhered to their old beliefs.


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

There was even an acculturation between Islam and the culture of the local community, as these spreaders utilized local customs to facilitate the delivery of Islam.


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

The books of religious teachings at that time were rewritten in Old Javanese.


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

Even shahadat for the adherents of Wetu Telu comes with sentences in Old Javanese.


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

At that time, those who were required to perform worship were the traditional stakeholders or kiai only.


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

In [1] conjecture said that the practice persisted because the guardians who spread Islam first, did not have time to complete their teachings, so that the society of that time was stuck in a transitional period.


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

The abandoned disciples did not have the courage to change practice at that time of transition towards a complete Islamic practice.


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

That is one of the causes of Wetu Telu adherents in modern times.


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

In Lombok people who lay people call this belief as “Telu Time” as an acculturation of the teachings of Islam and the rest of the old beliefs namely animism, dynamism, and Hindu.In addition because the adherents of this belief do not carry out worship such as Islamic religion in commonly (known as “Time Five” because it carries out the obligation of the Five Time prayers). Those who are obliged to perform these services are only certain people such as kiai or custom holders (Mentions for inheritors of the customs of the ancestors).


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

Any activities related to life cycle (death, birth, slaughter of animals, salvation etc) must be known by kiai or custom holders and they must receive part of the ceremonies as a thank you from the host.


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

The location of the famous location for Wetu Telu practices in Lombok is the Bayan area, located in North Lombok Regency.


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

At this location can still be found mosques used by the adherents of Wetu Telu.


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

There is also a place used by people of various religions to pray. Its name is “Kemaliq” which means taboo, sacred and sacred. It is located in Lingsar village, West Lombok Regency which every year holds a traditional ceremony called “Pujawali Ceremony and Topat War” as a manifestation of gratitude over the rain that God gave YME on mankind Reference Outer link (in English) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

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Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

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Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

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Question: What is the wrong practice of Wetu Telu?

Wetu Telu

Category:Islamic Culture Category:Islam in Indonesia


Question: what is the number of comics Mike Mignola has made?

Hellboy (film)

Main Page Hellboy is a supernatural action film made in 2004. starring Ron Perlman, John Hurt and Selma Blair, as well as directed by Guillermo del Toro.


Question: what is the number of comics Mike Mignola has made?

Hellboy (film)

The film is based on a comic from Dark Horse Comics, Hellboy: Seed of Destruction by Mike Mignola.


Question: what is the number of comics Mike Mignola has made?

Hellboy (film)

Produced Revolution Studios and distributed Columbia Pictures.


Question: what is the number of comics Mike Mignola has made?

Hellboy (film)

The film revolves around an evil beast known as Hellboy, working secretly to guard the world from paranormal threats.


Question: what is the number of comics Mike Mignola has made?

Hellboy (film)

Released in 2004, it grossed $59,000,000 in the United States and $99,000,000 worldwide and was well thermized by critics. A sequel, Hellboy II: The Golden Army was released on July 11, 2008.


Question: what is the number of comics Mike Mignola has made?

Hellboy (film)

Synopsis In 1944 during World War II, the Nazis were looking for a way to conquer the world by combining science and dark science to open a portal that could awaken a giant monster to rule the earth that is ogdru jahad, the monstrous giant of The space known as the seven gods of death, they are sealed in a crystal that is incapable of destruction.


Question: what is the number of comics Mike Mignola has made?

Hellboy (film)

Grigori Rasputin (karel roden) and ilsa haupstein (biddy hodson) who were giving a book to resurrect when rasputin died later, meanwhile american soldiers along with professor broom (john hurt) observed silently and the ritual was started using portal machine further open the portal after that American army was throwing grenades so that there was a battle wounded professor was blocked by karl ruprecht kroenen (Ladislav Beran).


Question: what is the number of comics Mike Mignola has made?

Hellboy (film)

Outlinks at FlareGamer Category:United States Films of 2004


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke is a German charismatic Christian evangelical, known for his evangelical mission throughout Africa.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Bonnke became an evangelical and missionary in Africa since 1967.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Early life Reinhard Bonnke was born on 19 April 1940 in Königsberg, East Prussia, Germany. [1]


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

At that time World War II was raging.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

He was the fifth of six children.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Together with their mother, they run off as refugees.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Using ships, they crossed the Baltic Sea and landed in Denmark.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

They were in a refuge surrounded by barbed wire.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

To survive, they are forced to scavenge food.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

A bitter childhood.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

“So, that is why I have great mercy on the vagabond and the poor,” he recalled in an interview.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

When he was nine, he and his siblings returned to Germany.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

His father was by then a pastor and had pioneered the church in Hamburg, West Germany.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

That's where he grew up.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Repentant little thief. During his refuge, he didn't know money because there was absolutely no money in his refuge.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

The Danish government provided them with food and clothing.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

For living quarters, four families must share one room.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

When he returned to Germany, only did he know about money.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

He thought, with money he could buy sweets.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

He also stole a few pieces of money from his mother's wallet and went to buy candy.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

But after that he was bullied by his mother.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

However, instead of punishing him, his mother instead embraced him and said, “Reinhard, you're heading to hell because you're a thief.”


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

At that time he felt that the Holy Spirit was touching his heart.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

He saw himself as a sinner.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

His mother explains that Jesus cares and can save sinners.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

He experienced a rebirth, and from then on never stole money again. A year later, at the age of ten, he got the call of God.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

At that time there was a guest speaker preaching at his father's church.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Suddenly he heard the voice of the Holy Spirit in his heart, so loud, saying, “Reinhard, one day you will preach the gospel in Africa.” He began to cry and ran forward, hugging his father.” Papa, Papa, Papa, God spoke to me,” he said.” What did he say?” asked his father.” God said, one day I will preach the gospel in Africa,” he explained.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

His father replied, “Reinhard, your brother will continue my service here.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

“The experience of repentance and the divine call did not necessarily affect his per-gauges.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

He realized himself could not be as reckless to girls as his fellow boys because one day he would preach to them.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Therefore, when married at the age of 22, his wife became the per-tama woman he kissed.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

First miracle After lecturing at Bible College in Wales, he was pastor in Germany for seven years.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

In 1969 he and his wife, Anni, as well as their infant son, left for Maseru, Lesotho.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

In the early years in Maseru, Reinhard and Annie performed mission work traditionally.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

That's when he gained visions of “the continent of Africa, washed away by the expensive blood of Jesus”.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

That vision instilled a yearning in his heart to reach across the African continent, from Cape Town to Cairo and from Dakar to Djibouti.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

At first he had not seen evidence that ideas of such magnitude might be embodied, but he continued to cling to that divine dream and persevere in his ministry.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Originally he was not a man convinced of miracles.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

He knows Jesus used to heal the sick, but he is not sure Jesus still heals people today.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

It chooses restraint.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

One day he invited a servant of God from Zulu, Richard Ngidi.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Richard's ministry was accompanied by signs and miracles.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

After witnessing it with his own eyes, Reinhard began to realize that God's word of miracles was still valid.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

About a year later he invited another servant of God, who was also engaged in the service of signs and miracles.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

This man promised to serve at Saturday and Sunday services.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

At the Saturday service, his church was packed with sick people.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

However, after preaching for ten minutes, the man asked Reinhard to close the service, and promised to pray for the sick people the next day.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

The next day, when Reinhard thumbed him in the hotel, the man said, the Holy Spirit told him to go home.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

And the guy just walked away.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Reinhard was angry and felt played.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

While driving the car back to his church, he prayed, “I am indeed just a missionary.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

But I am also your son.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

I will go to church and will preach and pray un-tuk the sick, and you will perform miracles.”


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

He felt peace enveloping his heart.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

And, sure enough, that morning God wore it wonderfully.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

The blind and the crippled are healed.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Ladies and gentlemen experience the plural of the Spirit of God


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

From then on God's power was manifest in his ministry.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Tent ministry In 1974 he founded the evangelism institute Christ for all Nations (CFan).


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

He started the service in a tent that can seat 800 people.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

However, as visitors grew more and more, they had to buy even bigger tents.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

That's how, until 1984, they built the largest tent in the world, a moveable tent with a capacity of 34,000 seats!


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Not long after the big tent was not able to accommodate the large number of visitors.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

He began holding services in an open field, with visitors at first of no fewer than 150,000 people.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

From then on he toured various cities across Africa, preaching in the open field.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

In Lagos, Nigeria, its visitors reached 1.6 million with sounding ordinances to miles away.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

His service then extended all the way to Asia.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

He has held KKR in Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, and India, as well as four countries in South America.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Until now, no less than 42 million people made decisions for Jesus through KKR CFan.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

In the first decade of this new millennium, they set out a vision to see that number reach 100 million.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

As part of their discipleship training program, more than 178 million copies of CFan books and booklets have been published in 140 languages and printed in 53 countries.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

CFan also actively supports the Global Pastor's Network, an interdenominational movement that revised to reach one billion souls and pioneered five million churches worldwide before 2010.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Dead people rise One of the prominent miracles in Reinhard Bonnke's service took place in December 2001 at Grace of God Mission Church in Onitsha, Nigeria.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Reverend Daniel Ekechukwu, who had been declared dead for forty-two hours, miraculously rose and came to life.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Some people doubt the truth of the miracle.


Question: is Reinhard Willi Gottfried Bonnke still alive?

Reinhard Bonnke

Source Reference Outside Category:Birth 1940


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

A Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is a thermal power generating station where the heat generated is obtained from one or more of the power plant's nuclear reactors.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

NPP is included in power generation (EN: base load), which can work well when the output power is constant (although boiling water reactor (EN: boiling water reactor) can drop up to half its power at night).


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Power raised per generating unit ranges from 40 MWe to 1000 MWe.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

The new unit under construction in 2005 has a power of 600-1200 MWe.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

To date, there are 442 licensed NPP in the world [1] with 441 of them operating in 31 different countries.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

All of these reactors supply 17% of the world's electrical power.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

History The nuclear reactor that first evoked electricity was the EBR-I experiment generating station on December 20, 1951 near Arco, Idaho, United States.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

On 27 June 1954, the world's first NPP generating electricity for the power grid (power grid) began operation in Obninsk, Soviet Union.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

The first commercial-scale NPP was Calder Hall in England which opened on 17 October 1956.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

For more historical information, see nuclear reactors and nuclear power.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

The types of NPP NPP are grouped by the type of reactor used.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

But there are also NPP that implement independent units, and this could use different types of reactors.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

In addition, some of the following types of reactors, in the future are expected to have passive safety systems.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Fission Reactor The fission power reactor evokes heat through nuclear fission reactions from fissile isotopes of uranium and plutonium.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Subsequently fission power reactors are grouped again into: Thermal reactors use neutron moderators to slow down or moderate neutrons so that they can produce subsequent fission reactions.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Neutrons produced from fission reactions have high energy or in a fast state, and must be lowered or<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[3529,3539,2,2]}'>slow</i>(made thermal) by moderators so as to ensure the continuity of the chain reaction.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

This relates to the type of fuel that thermal reactors use which prefer slow neutrons rather than fast neutrons to perform fission reactions.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Fast reactors maintain chain reaction continuity without the need for neutron moderators.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Because fast reactors use different types of fuel to thermal reactors, neutrons generated in fast reactors do not need to be slowed to ensure the fission reaction remains ongoing.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

It may be said, that thermal reactors use thermal neutrons and fast reactors use fast neutrons in their respective fission reaction processes.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Subcritical reactors use an outer neutron source rather than using a chain reaction to produce a fission reaction.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Until 2004 this was only a theory concept, and no prototypes were proposed or built to generate electricity, although some laboratories demonstrated and some feasibility tests were implemented.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Reactor thermal Light water reactor (LWR) Boiling water reactor (BWR) Pressurized water reactor (PWR) SSTAR, a sealed, reactor for small networks, similar to PWR Graphite Moderator: Magnox Advanced gas-cooled reactor (AGR) High temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) RBMK Pebble bed reactor (PBMR) Heavy water moderator: SGHWR CANDU Fast reactor Although early generation nuclear reactor type fast reactor, but the development of this type of nuclear reactor is inferior to thermal reactor.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

The advantages of fast reactors include that the nuclear fuel cycle it has can use all the uranium contained in natural urainum, and can also transmute radioisotopes hanging in its waste into fast decay material.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

By this reasoning, in fact fast reactors are inherently more guaranteeing the continuity of energy availability than thermal reactors.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

See also fast breeder reactors.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Since most fast reactors are used to produce plutonium, it follows that this type of reactor is closely related to nuclear proliferation.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

More than 20 prototype fast reactors have been built in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Union Sovyet, France, Germany, Japan, India, and up to 2004 1 reactor unit was being built in China.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Here are some of the world's fast reactors: EBR-I, 0.2 MWe, US, 1951-1964.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Dounreay Fast Reactor, 14 MWe, England, 1958-1977.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station Unit 1, 94 MWe, U.S., 1963-1972.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

EBR-II, 20 MWe, US, 1963-1994.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Phénix, 250 MWe, France, 1973-present.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

BN-350, 150 MWe plus desalination, USSR/Kazakhstan, 1973-2000.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Prototype Fast Reactor, 250 MWe, UK, 1974-1994.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

BN-600, 600 MWe, USSR/Russia, 1980-present.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Superphénix, 1200 MWe, France, 1985-1996.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

FBTR, 13.2 MWe, India, 1985-present.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Monju, 300 MWe, Japan, 1994-present.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

PFBR, 500 MWe, India, 1998-present.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

(The electrical power shown is the maximum electrical power, the date shown is the date when the reactor reached critical first time, and when the reactor is critical for the final time when the reactor has been decommissioned.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Fusion Reactors Main article: Fusion power Nuclear fusion offers the possibility of a large energy release with only a small amount of radioactive waste produced as well as with a better level of safety.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

However, today there are still constraints in the fields of science, engineering and economics that hinder the use of fusion energy for electricity generation.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

It is still an active research field with a large scale as can be seen in JET, ITER, and Z machines.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Advantages and disadvantages Advantages of NPP compared to other major power plants are: It does not produce greenhouse gas emissions (during normal operation) - greenhouse gases are removed only when the Emergency Diesel Generator is switched on and only slightly produces gas) Does not pollute the air - does not produce harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, aerosols, mercury, nitrogen oxides, particulate or photochemical fumes Few produce solid waste (during normal operation) Low fuel cost - only a small amount of fuel required Abundant - again, because very little fuel is required Nuclear batteries - (see SSTAR) Here are how many things the NPP lacks: The risk of a nuclear accident - the biggest nuclear accident is the Chernobyl accident (which has no containment building) nuclear - the resulting high level radioactive waste can last up to thousands of years.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

The US is ready to house waste ex NPP and Research Reactor.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Waste should not be stored in the country of the owner of the NPP and Research Reactor.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

For waste from the radioactive substance user industry, it can be treated in Radioactive Substances Waste Treatment Plant, e.g. owned by BATAN Serpong.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

The development of NPP generation Since the first commercial NPP was developed in the 50s until today, the generation of NPP has experienced quite rapid development.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

The first generation NPP Generation I NPP was developed in the time span of the '50s to the '60s. This first generation NPP was an early prototype of a power-generating reactor aimed at proving that nuclear energy could be put to good use for peaceful purposes.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Examples of this first generation NPP are Shippingport (type PWR), Dresden (type BWR), Fermi I (type FBR) and Magnox (type GCR).


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

The second generation NPP Generation II NPP was developed after the 70s, this NPP is a design classification guideline of nuclear reactors.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Generation II NPP was used as a reference commercial power reactor in the construction of NPP until the end of the 90s. The prototypes of generation II power reactors are NPP type PWR, CANDU, BWR, AGR and VVER.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Generation III NPP Generation III NPP is an advanced generation (advanced) power reactor developed in late 1990.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

This generation NPP underwent evolotionary design changes (non-radical changes) aimed at improving the safety and economic factors of the NPP.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Generation III NPP built many East Asian countries.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

An example of a generation III NPP is ABWR, System80+.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Development of the III generation NPP continues and along with it is carried out evolutionary design improvements to improve economic factors quite significantly.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Changes to the generation III NPP resulted in a more economical and immediate generation III+ NPP being able to be built in the near future without having to wait for long R&D periods.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Generation III+ NPP is an option for the construction of NPP that will be carried out from now until 2030.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Generation IV NPP Generation IV NPP is the innovative development power reactor of the previous generation NPP.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Generation IV NPP consists of six types of power reactors selected from about 100 pieces of design.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Selection criteria are high economic aspects, advanced safety levels, produce waste with very low quantity, and resistance to NPT rules.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Generation IV NPP is designed not only to function as an electrical power supplier installation, but can also be used for thermal energy suppliers to the process industry.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Generation IV NPP is therefore no longer referred to as NPP, but is referred to as Nuclear Energy System (SEN) or Nuclear Energy System (NES).


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

The six types of generation IV power reactors are: Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR), Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR), Gas-cooled Fast Reactor (GFR), Liquid metal cooled Fast Reactor (LFR), Molten Salt Reactor (MSR), and SuperCritical Water-cooled Reactor (SCWR).


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Radioisotope thermoelectric generator Radioisotope thermoelectric generator or radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG, RITEG) is an electric generator that uses an array of thermocouples to convert the heat released by the decay of suitable radioactive materials into electrified by the Seebeck effect.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

RTGS has been used as a power source in satellites, manned spacecraft and like remote facilities as a series of lighthouses of the Soviet Union erected within the Arctic Circle.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Inspection of Cassini spacecraft RTGs before launch New Horizons in assembly hall Soviet RTG See also Indonesian Nuclear Program Nuclear reactors Boiling water reactors, BWR Advanced boiling water reactors, ABWR Pressurized water reactors, PWR Liquid metal cooled reactors Nuclear powered icebreaker VVER APR-1400 Nuclear leakage Gallery Nuclear reactor Diablo Canyon Power Plant PWR CANDU Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant RBMK (closed 2009) Magnox Sizewell A nuclear power station Torness nuclear power station AGR Superphénix, FBR Magnox reactor Containment Heat Removal System CHRS) BWR nuclear power plant BWR nuclear power plant CANDU Reactor Lucens NPP reactor Molten Salt Reactor MSFR RBMK schematic reactor.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Rbmk.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

SNAP-10A Reactor.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

DFR schematic reactor.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor Schemata.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

lfr.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

LMFBR schematics.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

Tmi schematic Reference Links outside publishing uranium price since 1968.


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

- World Nuclear Association From the Online book by Albert J. Fritsch, Arthur H. Purcell, and Mary Byrd Davis (2005).


Question: who is the creator of the thermoelectric generator?

Nuclear power plants

June 2006 US and worldwide (Note: missing many plants) US and worldwide (Note: active, not active and under construction) Category:Nuclear N


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The Battle of Savo Island or called the Battle of the First Savo Island, and referred to Japanese sources as the Battle of the First Solomon Islands (第一 Allied Sea.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The battle took place on 8—9 August 1942 and was the first large-scale naval battle throughout the Guadalkanal Campaign.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

In reaction to the Allied amphibious landings east of the Solomon Islands, Admiral Madya Gunichi Mikawa brought his task force of seven cruisers and one destroyer into the Strait of New Georgia (also known to the Allies as “the Slot”) from Japanese bases in New Britain and Ireland New to attack the Allied amphibious fleet and its protective fleet.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The Allied protective fleet consisted of eight cruisers and 15 destroyers under Admiral Young (British) Victor Crutchley VC, but only five cruisers and seven destroyers were involved in the battle.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Mikawa took the Allied fleet by surprise and repulsed the Allied ships, as well as sinking one Australian cruiser and three American cruisers.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

In contrast Japan suffered only minor damage.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Mikawa's fleet immediately retreated after the battle without attempting to destroy the Allied transports supporting the landing of troops.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The Allies withdrew the remaining fleet of amphibious ships and warships from the Solomon Islands, and seaworthy overlordship around Guadalkanal was temporarily ceded to the Japanese.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Two days earlier, Allied ground forces had landed on Guadalkanal and the surrounding islands.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The withdrawal of the Allied ships left them in a precarious situation.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

They barely have enough supplies, equipment, and food to continue to maintain their beach pedestal.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Nonetheless, Mikawa's failure to destroy Allied ships when there was an opportunity for it, later proved to be an important strategic mistake for the Japanese.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The Allies meant that the Japanese were still allowed to defend their ground on Guadalkanal, until they finally emerged victorious in the battle to defend Guadalkanal from the Japanese.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Background to Operations on Guadalkanal On August 7, 1942, Allied forces (primarily infidels of the United States Marine Corps) landed on Guadalkanal, Tulagi, and the Florida Islands east of the Solomon Islands.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The Allied landings were intended to prevent the Japanese from using Guadalkanal as a military base.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

From the eastern Solomons, Japanese forces threatened logistical routes between the United States and Australia.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The Allies also wanted to use Guadalkanal as a starting point in the military campaign to recapture the Solomon Islands, isolize or recapture the main Japanese base at Rabaul, as well as support the Allied New Guinea campaign.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The Allied landings on Guadalkanal were the beginning of the Guadalkanal campaign which lasted for six months. [6]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The overall commander of the Allied navies in Guadalkanal and the Tulagi operation was Admiral Madya Frank Jack Fletcher who was also commander of the aircraft carrier task force providing air protection.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Admiral Young (U.S.) Richmond K. Turner was commander of the amphibious fleet that delivered 16,000 Allied troops to Guadalkanal and Tulagi. [7]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Under Turner's command there was also British Admiral Victor Crutchley-led escort fleet consisting of 8 cruisers, 15 destroyers, and 15 minesweepers.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Crutchley's fleet was intended to protect Turner's amphibious fleet and provide cannon fire support during troop landings.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Crutchley held command of a fleet consisting mostly of American ships of the heavy cruiser HMAS Australia which he served as a flag ship. [8]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The Allied landings took Japan by surprise.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

By sunset August 8, 1942, the Allies had managed to seize Tulagi as well as the adjacent smaller islands of Gavutu and Tanambogo, following an airfield on Guadalkanal that the Japanese were building. [9]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

On 7 August and 8 August, Japanese aircraft based at Rabaul several times attacked the Allied amphibious fleet, and caused fires aboard the United States carrier George F. Elliott (and later sunk), as well as resulting in heavy damage to Jarvis. [10]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

In the air raid, Japan suffered losses of 36 aircraft, while the United States lost 19 aircraft, including 14 fighter aircraft based on the carrier. [11]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Concerned over the dwindling of the aircraft carrier's warplanes possessed, plus anxiety at the threat of Japanese air raids, and the fuel remaining on the ships under his command was the reason Fletcher ordered the withdrawal of the aircraft carrier task force on the night of the 8th August 1942. [12]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Some historians have argued that the fuel situation of Fletcher's ships had not been critical at all.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Nonetheless, Fletcher stated indirectly, that the fuel state of his ships was already critical to justify his actions retreating from the battle area. [13]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Fletcher's biographer notes that Fletcher concluded the landings he led were already successful, and none of the important targets required close-range air support.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

But after being concerned over the losses of 21 fighter aircraft suffered by his carrier, Fletcher concluded that his carrier ships were being threatened by attack by torpedo bomber aircraft and needed to be refueled before the arrival of the Japanese naval fleet.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Fletcher then pulled back his fleet after giving warnings to Turner and Vandegrift.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Despite being commemorated, Turner assumed Fletcher understood his ships were obliged to continue providing air support until all Allied transports had finished unloading cargo on 9 August. [14]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Although the work to unload the cargo turned out to be slower than planned, Turner decided that without air support from the carriers, his ships should be withdrawn from Guadalkanal.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Turner planned to unload as much cargo as possible throughout the night before departing the next day. [15]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Japanese reaction Japan was unprepared for Allied operations on Guadalkanal.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The initial Japanese reaction included among them air raids and calls for reinforcements.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Mikawa, commander of the newly formed Imperial Japanese Navy 8th Fleet and based at Rabaul, dispatched two transports carrying 519 naval servicemen bound for Guadalkanal on 7 August 1942.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

When the Japanese learned that the Allied forces on Guadalkanal were stronger than previously reported, the two transports were ordered to return to Rabaul. [16]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Mikawa also assembled all Japanese warships located in the region to attack Allied forces on Guadalkanal.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

At Rabaul was leaning the heavy cruiser Chōkai (Mikawa's boarded command ship), the light cruisers Tenryū, and Yūbari, as well as the destroyer Yunagi.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The four heavy cruisers of Cruiser Division 6 under the command of Admiral Young Aritomo Goto that were en route from Kavieng were Aoba, Furutaka, Kako, and Kinugasa. [17]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Before the war, the Japanese Navy had practiced night fighting tactics extensively, and that was not realized by the Allies. [18]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Mikawa expected to face off against the Allied naval fleet off the coast of Guadalkanal and Tulagi on the nights of 8 August and 9 August 1942.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

In the event of a clash, the night fighting would benefit him and the Japanese ships.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Mikawa could practice the night fighting skills at his disposal while avoiding air attacks from Allied aircraft that could not operate effectively at night.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Mikawa's warships gathered at sea near Cape St. George on the night of 7 August before speeding east-southeast. [19]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Battle Preliminary of the battle of Mikawa decided to ship his fleet north of Buka Island and then to the sea east of Bougainville.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The Japanese fleet rested for 6 hours east of Kieta on the morning of 8 August.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

(The 6-hour time adjustment was intended to avoid daylight air attacks as Japanese ships were approaching Guadalkanal.) [20] The Japanese fleet then continued its voyage along the dangerous New Georgia Strait and became known as “The Slot”.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The Japanese ships hoped that no Allied aircraft would see their motorcade in that time of night.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

But it turned out that the Japanese fleet was battered by the Allies in George Strait when Japanese ships nearly collided with the submarine USS S-38 which was waiting to conduct a stirring.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

USS S-38 was in a position too close to fire torpedoes, but the captain of the submarine named Major H.G. sent a radio message: “TWO DESTROYERS AND THREE SHIPS LARGER OF UNKNOWN TYPE HEADING TOWARDS ONE FOUR EMPTY AT HIGH SPEED EIGHT MILES WEST OF CAPE ST.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

GEORGE "[21] Reaching Bougainville, Mikawa put his ships up to spread over a large area to obscure the composition of the fleet.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Four seagoing aircraft were launched from the cruiser to search for Allied ships south of the Solomon Islands.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

At 10:20 and 11:10, the ships of the Mikawa fleet were discovered by Australian Lockheed Hudson reconnaissance aircraft based in Milne Bay, New Guinea. [22]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The first Hudson aircraft misidentified Mikawa's fleet as “three cruisers, three destroyers, and two ocean-going aircraft carriers”.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

(Note: Some reports state Hudson's aircraft crews were the first to correctly identify enemy ships, but the composition of the enemy fleet was changed by intelligence officers in Milne Bay.)


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Hudson's aircraft crew also tried to report the Japanese ships they saw to the Allied radio station at Fall River, New Guinea.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Having received no reply, they returned to Milne Bay at 12:42 to ensure their report was received as soon as possible.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Hudson's second aircraft also failed to report the sighting of the Japanese ship by radio, but managed to complete the patrol and landed in Milne Bay at 15:00.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

According to the crew report of the second Hudson aircraft, there were “two heavy cruisers, two light cruisers, and one other ship of unknown type”.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Based on unclear reasons, the report was not relayed to the Allied fleet that was off the coast of Guadalkanal until successively at 18:45 and 21:30 on 8 August. [23]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The Mikawa seaplane returned at 12:00, and reported the presence of two groups of Allied ships, one group in the Guadalkanal sea and one more group in the Tulagi sea.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Mikawa reconstituted his battleship formation, and began sailing for Guadalkanal.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The Japanese fleet had entered the strait near Choiseul Island at 16.00 on 8 August.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Mikawa delivered the following battle plan to his warships: “In an impromptu attack, we will sail from S. (south) Savo Island and fire torpedoes at the enemy's main fleet which is in front of the anchor area of Guadalkanal; after that we will change course to Tulagi to fired at the enemy with cannons and torpedoes.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

We will then retreat from the north of Savo Island. “[24]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

As it passed through the New Georgia Strait, Mikawa's ships went undetected by the Allied side.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Turner had ordered the commander of Allied air forces in the South Pacific area, Admiral (U.S.) John S. McCain, Sr. to conduct extra reconnaissance missions in the New Georgia Strait during the day of 8 August 1942.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

However, for reasons that are unclear, McCain did not order his subordinates to conduct reconnaissance missions.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Nor did reports McCain submit to Turner that a reconnaissance order had been implemented.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Therefore, Turner misunderstood and believed that the New Georgia Strait had been under Allied observation all day. [25]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The Allied warships were divided into three groups to protect the transports that were unloading cargo throughout the night.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The “southern patrol fleet” conducted patrols between Cape Lunga and Savo Island to close the driveway between Savo Island and Cape Esperance in Guadalkanal.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The southern fleet consisted of the Australian cruisers HMAS Australia and HMAS Canberra, the United States cruiser USS Chicago, the destroyer USS Patterson, and the USS Bagley.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The “northern patrol fleet” consisting of the cruisers USS Vincennes, USS Astoria, and USS Quincy, as well as the destroyers USS Helm and USS Wilson conducted patrols within the square-shaped area between the Tulagi anchor area and Savo Island; their task was to maintain the voyage flow between Savo Island and Florida Island.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The “eastern fleet” consisting of the cruisers USS San Juan and HMAS Hobart plus two United States destroyers guarded the eastern entrance to the strait between Florida Island and Guadalkanal Island. [26]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Crutchley assigned two radar-equipped American destroyers west of Savo Island to provide early warning of any Japanese ships approaching.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The destroyer USS Ralph Talbot conducted patrols in the northern voyage groove and the destroyer USS Blue conducted patrols in the southern voyage groove, both separated by a distance of 12—30 kilometers (8—20mi).


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

At that time, the Allies were unaware of all the limitations of primitive radar aboard their ships.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Their radar effectiveness can be greatly degraded by the presence of adjacent landmass. [27]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Alert to the potential threat from Japanese submarines against Allied transports, Crutchley placed the remaining seven destroyers as the closest protection around the perimeter of the transport's two anchor areas. [28]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The crews of the Allied ships were already tired after two days of continued vigil and played a role in supporting the landings.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

In addition, the weather was very hot and damp, causing people to get weary, and according to Samuel Eliot Morison's memories, “drove tired sailors to be off guard.”


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Crews' fatigue was alleviated by setting most of Crutchley's battleships in a state of “Alert II” on the night of 8 August, meaning half the crew section was on duty while the other half rested, on their bed benches or near their combat posts. [29]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

In the evening, Turner held a meeting with Crutchley and Marine commander Major General Alexander A. Vandegrift aboard an Allied command ship in the Guadalkanal seas.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The meeting was to talk about the departure of Fletcher's aircraft carrier and the outcome of the timetable for the withdrawal of the transports.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

At 20:55, Crutchley departed from the ship HMAS Australia which was incorporated in the southern fleet.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Command was handed over to Marine Colonel Howard D. Bode aboard Chicago whom he assigned charge of the southern fleet.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Crutchley did not inform the commanders of the fleet of other cruisers that he was not in place.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

This later added to the breakdown of the command hierarchy.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

After being awake from sleeping in his cabin, Bode decided not to place his ship as leader of the ships of the southern group, and went back to sleep, whereas according to protocol, the most senior ship had to be ahead.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

In a meeting, Turner, Crutchley, and Vandegrift discussed reports of the existence of a fleet of “ocean-going aircraft carriers” as delivered by the crew of an Australian-owned Hudson aircraft earlier that day.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

They decided that it did not constitute a threat on that night, as seagoing aircraft carriers would not normally engage in naval combat.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Vandegrift said that he still needs to check the unloading situation carried out by the transports in Tulagi before he can recommend a timetable for the withdrawal of the transports.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

At midnight, Vandegrift set out to conduct an inspection.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Crutchley decided not to return with HMAS Australia to the southern fleet, but to still place his ship exactly outside the transport ship's anchor area at Guadalkanal.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The decision was taken without informing the commanders of the other Allied ships. [30]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

When Mikawa's fleet was approaching the Guadalkanal area, Japanese ships launched three seagoing aircraft that were dispatched as a final reconnaissance mission against Allied ships.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

All three aircraft were also preparing to provide lighting by way of dropping flares in a battle that was expected to be imminent.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Although several Allied ships heard and/or observed the presence of one or more seagoing aircraft in the air since 23:45 on 8 August, none of the Allied ship commanders interpreted the existence of these unidentified aircraft in the place they were located as a threat that actionable.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

None of them also reported Japanese seaplane sightings to Crutchley or Turner. [31]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Mikawa's fleet came hand in hand in one straight line 3 kilometers long, Chōkai was frontmost, followed by Aoba, Kako, Kinugasa, Furutaka, Tenryū, Yūbari, and Yunagi.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Approximately between 00.44 and 00.54 midnight August 9, observers on Mikawa's ships spotted Blue about 9 kilometers ahead of the Japanese fleet's motorcade. [32]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Fighting south of Savo Island To avoid Blue, Mikawa changed course to take his fleet past the north of Savo Island. [33]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Japanese ships also ordered her to slow speeds up to 22 knots (41km/h) with the intention of reducing waves that made the ships easily caught on radar. [34]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Four minutes later, observers on board Mikawa spotted a ship likely Ralph Talbot about 16 kilometers away or a small schooner of unknown origin. [35] [36] The Japanese ships continued to maintain direction while directing more than 50 cannon shoots to Blue direction, and ready to open fire when there are already signs they are seen by Blue. [33]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

When Blue was already less than 2 kilometers away from Mikawa's fleet, Blue suddenly reversed course because it had arrived at the end point of the patrol line, and sailed away.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

It seems that Blue was completely unaware of the large number of motorcades of the Japanese fleet cruising nearby. [37]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Seeing his ships still undetected, Mikawa reversed course into the groove of the voyage just south of Savo Island and increased speed, initially to 26 knots (48km/h), and then to 30 knots (56km/h).


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

At 01.25, Mikawa ordered his ships to operate autonomously and not rely on command ships.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

At 01.31, Mikawa issued the order, “To all ships, attack. “[38]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Around that time anyway, Yunagi broke away and reversed course, perhaps because the ships in front of him were already out of sight, or perhaps ordered by Mikawa to become the “rear guard” of Mikawa's fleet.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

One minute later, observers on the Japanese ship spotted a battleship in the left hull.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The ship is the destroyer Jarvis which was heavily damaged the previous day.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Jarvis departed from Guadalkanal, and was sailing alone unescorted towards Australia for repairs.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

It is not known whether Jarvis spotted the Japanese ships or not, as the radio he had was damaged.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Furutaka launched a torpedo towards Jarvis which all escaped. [39]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The Japanese ships passed Jarvis to within a short distance of 1,100 m, and were close enough for officers aboard Tenryū to be able to observe the deck of Jarvis without seeing activity from anyone from his crew.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

If Jarvis was indeed aware of Japanese ships passing by, it was not seen to show a conspicuous reaction. [40]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Two minutes after spotting Jarvis, lookouts on the Japanese ship spotted the destroyers and cruisers of the southern fleet about 12,500 m away, looking like a black shadow lit by George F. Elliot's fire on fire. [41]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

A few minutes later, at about 01.38, Japanese cruisers began launching torpedoes in the direction of the ships of the Allied southern fleet. [42]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

At that time, scouts at Chōkai found the ships of the Allied northern fleet at a distance of 16km. [43]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Chōkai began to notice the Allied northern fleet as a new target, and so did the other Japanese ships, while preparing to hit the Allied southern fleet with cannon fire. [44]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The crew of the destroyer Patterson was on standby after being ordered ready for action.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The ship's captain Patterson took seriously the sighting of the Japanese ship during the day before and it was seen the planes were unidentified.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

At 01.43, Patterson spotted a ship, likely a 5,000m Kinugasa just ahead, and immediately sent out a radio and signal light alert: “Look out!


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Watch out!


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Foreign ships enter the port!”


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Patterson drove up to full speed, and fired flare bullets toward the Japanese ships.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The captain of the destroyer Patterson ordered his crew to conduct a torpedo attack, but his orders were inaudible as a result of the noise of the cannon fired by his own ship. [45]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

At about the same time that Patterson sighted the Japanese ships and went into action, Japanese seagoing aircraft flying over them, on Mikawa's orders, dropped air flares directly over Canberra and Chicago. [46]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Skipper Frank Getting on board the Canberra cruiser instantly reacts. ordered that the speed be augmented, and reversed course from the original plan back to port.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Canberra remained midway between Japanese ships and Allied transports, and its cannons began aiming towards the visible target. [47]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Less than a minute later, after Canberra fired cannons at the Japanese ship, Chōkai and Furutaka retaliated for fire, and some of them squarely hit Canberra in just a few seconds.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Aoba and Kako came firing at Canberra, and in the next three minutes Canberra was hit by up to 24 shots from a large calibre cannon.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The initial shots killed the cannon officer, wounded Getting to death, and damaged both boiler rooms, shutting off the flow of electricity throughout the ship before Canberra could fire its cannons or relay warnings to other Allied ships.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Canberra came to a standstill in the middle of the ocean in a state of fire, tilted 5-10 degrees towards the starboard hull.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The crew was unable to extinguish the fire or pump out the flooded compartment due to the power outage.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

All of the Japanese ships were in position next to Canberra's left hull.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Therefore, damage to the left hull occurred as a result of being hit by gunfire coming from the bottom of the left hull and penetrating to below the waterline on the starboard hull, or from being hit by one or two torpedo shots from the side of the starboard hull. [48]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

If Canberra was right hit by a torpedo on the starboard hull side, then the torpedo might have come from adjacent Allied ships.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

At that time the United States cruiser Bagley was the only ship to be on the side of Canberra's starboard hull, and had fired several torpedoes a short time before. [49]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The crew of the Chicago boat watched as suddenly their boarded ship was illuminated by flares dropped from the air, as well as Canberra suddenly turning in front of them.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

They then became on standby and woke up Colonel Sea Bode who was “sleeping fast”.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Bode ordered a 5-inch (127mm) cannon to fire flare shells toward the Japanese ships, but the flare bullets did not fire. [50]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

At 01.47, a torpedo, likely from Kako came to hit the bow of the Chicago, causing shock to all parts of the ship until damaging the main cannon controller.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

A second torpedo hit, but failed to detonate, shrapnel hitting the ship's main mast and killing two crewmen.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Chicago sailed west for 40 minutes, [51] leaving behind it the transports it was supposed to protect.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The cruiser Chicago fired her secondary cannon at the rearmost Japanese ships, and probably hit Tenryū, and resulted in minor damage.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Although technically, command was in his hands, Bode no longer attempted to impose his orders against the Allied ships in the southern fleet.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Worse still, Bode did not attempt to warn Allied ships or notify Allied personnel in the Guadalkanal area that his ship had already left the battle area. [52]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Meanwhile there was a cannon duel between Patterson and the Japanese fleet.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Patterson was hit by cannon fire in the stern section which resulted in moderate damage and killed 10 crewmen.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Patterson continued to pursue and fire toward the Japanese ships, and likely hit Kinugasa to moderate damage. [53]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Patterson no longer sees Japanese ships already sailing northeastward along the east coast of Savo Island. [54]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The crew of Bagley's ship which spotted the Japanese fleet not long after Patterson and Canberra, performed one full turn towards the left hull before firing a torpedo at the Japanese motorcade which had begun to disappear.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

One or two of them might hit Canberra.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Afterwards, Bagley played no further role in the battle. [55]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Yunagi and Jarvis gunfight each other but are unsuccessful in causing damage.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Yunagi then left the battle area westward, with the intention of joining the motorcade of the Japanese fleet north and west of Savo Island. [56]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

At 01.44, after Mikawa's ships had sailed towards the Allied northern fleet, Tenryū and Yūbari broke away from the Japanese fleet, and took a more westward direction.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

The tracks of Yūbari and Tenryū were followed by Furutaka likely having problems with the steering, [57] or trying to avoid a possible collision with Canberra.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Thus, the Allied northern fleet was almost in a besieged state as Japanese ships came approaching from two directions. [58]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Fighting north of Savo Island At the time when Mikawa's ships attacked the Allied southern fleet, the skippers of three United States cruisers from the northern fleet were sleeping, while their ships were sailing quietly at a speed of 10 knots (19km/h). [59]


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

Although the crewmen aboard the three ships saw light flares and cannon fire from the battle south of Savo Island, or received warnings from Patterson about enemy ships entering the region, the Allied ships took some time before raising the level on standby from Alert II to Alert I. [60] At 01.44, the Japanese cruiser began firing torpedoes at the Allied northern fleet.


Question: Where is the Savo Island Sea?

Battle of Savo Island

At 01.50, the Japanese aimed high-power searchlights at the three cruisers of the northern fleet, and opened cannon fire. [53]