Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Some scholars [139] believe that Homo sapiens did not leave Africa before that, because they did not yet have modern consciousness and language, and hence did not have the abilities or numbers needed for migration.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

However, the fact that Homo erectus managed to leave the continent early (without extensive language skills, adequate equipment, or modern anatomy), the reason why modern human anatomy remains in Africa for a long time remains unclear.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Biological Scenarios on language evolution All humans have language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

This includes populations, such as the Tasmanian and Andamanian Natives, who have been isolated for 40,000 years more.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Linguistic monogenesis is the hypothesis that there is a proto-language, sometimes called proto-human, and from which all vowels on a language are derived. (this does not apply to sign languages, which are known to arise individually rather than on an ongoing basis.)


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

If assumptions about “proto-human” languages are accepted, the estimated time may be about 200,000 years ago (the age of Homo sapiens) and 50,000 years ago (the behavioral epoch of modernity).


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The first serious scientific attempt to try to establish reality from monogenesis was that of Alfredo Trombetti, in his book L'unità d'origine del linguaggio, published 1905 (cf. Ruhlen 1994:263).


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Trombetti estimates that the common ancestor of the languages that exist now has been spoken between 100,000 and 200,000 years ago (1922:315).


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Monogenesis was rejected by many linguists in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when the doctrine of polygenesis of the human race and their language gained influence (for example Saussure 1986/ 1916:190).


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The best proponent of monogenesis in America in the mid-20th century was Morris Swadesh (cf. Ruhlen 1994:215).


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

He spearheaded two important methods for investigating the deep relationships between languages, lexicostatistics and glotochronology.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The multiregional hypothesis requires that modern languages evolved individually on all continents, a postulate considered plausible by advocates of monogenesis. [140] [141] Based on the hypothesis, the first humans appeared as early as the Pleistocene two million years ago and human evolution subsequent have occurred in a single and sustainable human species.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

This species includes ancient human forms such as Homo erectus and Neanderthals and also its modern form, and evolved all over the world to the diverse population of modern Homo sapiens sapiens.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

This theory argues that humans evolved through a combination of adaptations in different regions of the world and gene flow between these regions.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Supporters of a multiregional origin point to fossils and genomic data and continuity from archaeological cultures as supporting their hypothesis.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The biological foundation of the human language Descended larynx is known as a unique structure in the human vocal system and is very important in the development of speech and language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

However, it has also been found in other species, including marine mammals and large deer (example:Red Deer), and the larynx is observed to have been inherited during vocalization in dogs, goats, and crocodiles.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

In humans, descended larynx causes the length of the vocal system and develops the types of human voices that can be ejected.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Some scholars claim that the existence of non-verbal communication in humans as evidence of descended larynx is not an essential part of the development of language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Descended larynx has functions other than linguistics as well, perhaps grossly exaggerating the size seen in animals (passing vocalizations that are low than expected pitch).


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Therefore, although it plays an important role in producing sound, expanding the diversity of sounds that humans can produce, it may not have developed specifically for that purpose, as suggested by Jeffrey Laitman, and by Hauser, Chomsky, and Fitch (2002), it could be is an example of preadaptation.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The ability to control the human tongue must also be taken into account.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

As a result of increased intellect, the human brain can control its organs and surroundings more precisely.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Therefore, the tongue is more creative in inflating, combining, stopping and giving off vibrating sounds produced by the larynx.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

History In religion and mythology The search for the origin of language has a long and rooted history of mythology.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Most mythologies do not consider man to be the inventor of language, but consider it a divine utterance preceding human language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Mystic languages used to communicate with animals or spirits, such as the language of birds, were also numerous, and were quite interesting in the time of the Renaissance.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Vāc is the goddess of the language in, or “the existence of words”.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

As the “holy pronunciation” of brahman, she has a cosmological role as “Mother of the Vedas”.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Based on the story of the Aztek, only a male, Coxcox, and a woman, Xochiquetzal, survive, from floating on pieces of tree bark.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

They were stranded on a land and gave birth to many children who at first birth could not speak, but then, when there came a pigeon endowed with a language, although each of them was given a different language so that they could not understand each other else. [142]


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Such sources of mysticism could be understood to have developed along with the thought that one's fate is bound up with the desires of god/god, nature, etc.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

In history, language was regarded as something divinely inherited just as much as plants (e.g., rice) posthumously by gods of virtue and nature.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

As the mystery of how plants grow disappears as technology evolves, so too, the thought of divinely spoken language will also gradually disappear.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The Historical-Historical Experiment has a number of anecdotes about people trying to discover the origin of language by experimenting.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The first story is told by Herodotus (History 2.2).


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

It says that Pharaoh Psammetichus (probably Psamtik I, from the 7th century BC) chose two children raised by a herder, with the instruction that no one should speak to them, but the herder should feed and look after them while listening to the word their first.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

When one of the children cries the word “bekos” with an outstretched hand.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The cowherd assumes that the word is Phrygian because that's what Phrygian is like for the word bread.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

From this Psammetichus concluded that the first language was Phrygian.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

King James V of Scotland is said to be conducting the same experiment: his son is said to speak Hebrew. [143]


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Two medieval kings Frederick II and Akbar were said to have conducted the same experiment; the child who participated in the experiment did not speak. [144]


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Research history Late 18th to early 19th century European scholars assume that the world's languages reflect on various levels of development from primitive to advanced speech, reaching their peak in the Indo-European language clump, considered to be the most developed.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Modern linguistics did not appear until the end of the 18th century, and the Romantic theses or animism of Johann Gottfried Herder and Johann Christoph Adelung were still influential until the 19th century.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Questions regarding the origin of language seemed untraceable to a methodical approach, and in 1866 the Linguistic Society of Paris famously banned all discussion of the origin of language, deeming it an unanswered problem.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The increasing systematic approach to linguistic history developed in the 19th century, reaching its peak at the Junggrammatiker teachings of Karl Brugmann and others.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Nevertheless, scientists' interest in the question of the origin of language has gradually come to life since the 1950s (and controversially) with ideas such as universal grammar, Mass comparison and glotochronology.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The “origin of language” as a subject of its own arises from learning in neurolinguistics, psycholinguistics and human evolution.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Linguistic Bibliography introduced the “Origin of language” (the origin of language) as a separate topic in 1988, as a sub-topic of psycholinguistics.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The specialized research institute into linguistic evolution is a new phenomenon, emerging since the 1990s. See also Writings on the Origin of Language Evolutionary psychology of language Language Acquisition of language Neurobiological origin of people The origin of speech The myth of the origin of language Reference notes Botha, R. and C. Knight (2009).


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The Prehistory of Language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

ISBN 978-0-19-954587-2.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Botha, R and C. Knight (2009).


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The Cradle of Language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

ISBN 978-0-19-954585-8.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Cangelosi, A.,


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

A.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Greco, and Harnad, S. (2002) Simulating the Evolution of Language, edited by A. Cangelosi and D. Parisi.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

London: Springer.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Dawkins, Richard. 2004.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Life.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Ginzburg realized that the paradigm of reading past events through its signs in the present stems from primitive practices of the trackers.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Givón, T. (2002).


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

“The evolution of language out of pre-language.”


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Typological studies in language 53.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Amsterdam: John Benjamins.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

ISBN 1-58811-237-3.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Harnad, S. R., J. B. Lancaster, and H. D. Steklis (1976) (Eds).


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

New York: New York Academy of Sciences.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

ISBN 0-89072-026-6.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Hurford, James R. (1990).


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Logical Issues in Language Acquisition, edited by I. M. Roca, 85—136.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Dordrecht: Foris.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

ISBN 90-6765-506-6.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Kenneally, Christine (2007).


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The First Word: The Search for the Origins of Language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

New York: Vikings.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Knight, C., M. Studdert-Kennedy and J. R. Hurford (eds), 2000.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The Evolutionary Emergence of Language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Knight, C., and C. Power (2011).


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

In M. Tallerman and K. Gibson (eds), Handbook of Language Evolution.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.346—49.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Komarova, N.L. (2007).


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

“Language and mathematics: An evolutionary model of grammatical communication.”, edited by Leonid Grinin, Victor C. de Munck, and Andrey Korotayev, 164—179.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Moscow: Komkniga/URSS.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

ISBN 978-5-484-01001-1.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Laitman, J.T. and Reidenberg, J.S. (2009) The evolution of the human larynx: Nature's great experiment.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

In: Fried M.P., Ferlito, A. eds.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The Larynx, 3rd ed., Plural, San Diego, 19-38.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Perreault, C. and S. Mathew, 2012.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

“PLoS ONE” 7 (4) e35289. doi:.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Pollick, Amy.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

S and Frans B.M. de Waal (2007).


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104.19, 8184—8189.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

(Also: Popular summary by Liz Williams,, Cosmos, May 1, 2007.)


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Saussure, Ferdinand de (1986).


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Course in General Linguistics, translated by Roy Harris.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Chicago: Open Court.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

(English translation of 1972 edition of Cours de linguistique générale, originally published in 1916.)


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Vajda, Edward.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Weiss, B. (1974) “Medieval Muslim discussions of the origin of language”, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, 124.1:33-41.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Weiss, B. (1987) “'Ilm al-wad': an introductory account of a later Muslim philological science”, Arabica, 34.1:339-356.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Further reading Botha, R. and C. Knight (eds) 2009.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The Prehistory of Language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Botha, R. and C. Knight (eds) 2009.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The Cradle of Language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Burling, R. 2005.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The Talking Ape.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

How language evolved.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Christiansen, M. and S. Kirby (eds), 2003.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Language Evolution.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Language Evolution.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Oxford: Oxford University Press. de Grolier, E. (ed.), 1983.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The Origin and Evolution of Language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Paris: Harwood Academic Publishers.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Dessalles, J-L., 2007.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Why We Talk.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The evolutionary origins of language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Deutscher, G. 2005.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The Unfolding of Language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The evolution of mankind's greatest invention.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

London: Random House.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Dunbar, R. I. M. 1996.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

London: Faber and Faber.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Dunbar, R. I. M., C. Knight and C. Power (eds), 1999.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The Evolution of Culture.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

An interdisciplinary view.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Fitch, W. T. 2010.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The Evolution of Language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Harnad, S. R., H. D. Steklis and J. Lancaster (eds), 1976.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Origins and Evolution of Language and Speech.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Hrdy, S. B. 2009.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Mothers and others.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The evolutionary origins of mutual understanding.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

London and Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Hurford, J. R. 2007.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The Origins of Meaning.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Language in the light of evolution.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Hurford, J. R., M. Studdert-Kennedy and C. Knight (eds), 1998.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Approaches to the Evolution of Language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Social and cognitive bases.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Knight, C., M. Studdert-Kennedy and J. R. Hurford (eds), 2000.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The Evolutionary Emergence of Language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Social function and the origins of linguistic form.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Lenneberg, E. H. 1967.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Biological Foundations of Language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

New York: Wiley.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Leroi-Gourhan, A. 1993.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Gesture and Speech.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Trans.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

A.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Bostock Berger.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Lieberman, P. 1991.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Uniquely Human.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The evolution of speech, thought and selfless behavior.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Lieberman, P. 2006.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Toward an Evolutionary Biology of Language.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

MacNeilage, P. 2008.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The Origin of Speech.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Maynard Smith, J. and D. Harper 2003.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Animal Signals.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Mazlumyan, Victoria 2008.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Origins of Language and Thought.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

ISBN 0977391515.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Tallerman, M. and K. Gibson (eds), 2012.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The Oxford Handbook of Language Evolution.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Tomasello, M. 2008.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Origins of Human Communication.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

Zahavi, A. and A. Zahavi 1997.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

The Handicap Principle.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

A missing piece in Darwin's puzzle.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Question: When was Carl Barks born?

The origin of the language

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The origin of the language

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The origin of the language

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The origin of the language

Category:Language Category:Human evolution Language Category:Unsolved problems in Linguistics Category:Causes of events


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

Main Page Dragon Ball (クランール, Doragon Bōru) is a manga and anime by Akira Toriyama from 1984 to 1995.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

His album consists of 42 books and in Indonesia is published by Elex Media Komputindo.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

Previously Dragon Ball had also been published by Rajawali Graffiti.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

Dragon Ball Manga time span consists of two main divisions, but the division is still divisible: Dragon Ball (when Goku was a child until Goku defeated Picolo) Dragon Ball Z Saiyan Saga Frieza Saga Android Saga Buu Saga Dragon Ball Super (After Goku beat Buu Saga) Note: Dragon Ball GT is an alternative universe, because it is not the original work of Akira Toriyama and there is no mango.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

Dragon Ball Dragon Ball tells the story of a boy named Goku who lives in the middle of a mountain alone.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

He then meets Bulma, a young girl genius, who seeks to collect 7 magic orbs that he says can grant all wishes.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

The balls are called Dragon Ball.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

Description: Dragon Ball is 7 pieces of crystal ball scattered around the world, the orange ball has a star pattern in it, if someone manages to collect 7 pieces of Dragon Ball it will appear a dragon god who is able to grant any request, even including animating the dead.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

On his journey with Bulma in search of Dragon Ball, Goku has to face many obstacles, one of which is from the Red Ribbon Army.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

The group has the same desire as Goku and Bulma.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

Dragon Ball JMPL|Ka|250px|Figures in the manga and anime Dragon Ball Z. Colombian Goku (Son Goku or Songoku) Bulma (Burma) Krillin (Kuririn) Master Roshi (Kamesennin) Oolong (Uron) Yamcha (Yamucha) Puar (Puaru) Chi-Chi (Chichi) King Ox (Gyumax) O/King of Cows) Launch (Ranchi) Tien (Ten Shin Han) Chiaotzu (Chaoz) Gohan (Son Gohan or Songohan) Goten (Son Goten or Songoten) Vegeta (Bezita) Trunks (Toranku) Pilaf (Pirafu) Tao Pai (Tao Bai Bai) Red Ribbon Army (Red Ribbon) Piccolo (Pikkoro) Tsuru-senin Cell (Exclaim) Frieza (Freeza) Buu (Bhu) Babidy Uub (Ubh) Android #17 (Artificial Man no. 17) Android #18 (Artificial Man no. 18) Baby Broly Turles Bardock Omega Shenron (Shen Lon) Dragon Ball Z Tenkaichi Budokai Dragon Ball Z starts at the moment after “timejump” which is precisely after Goku becomes a teenager/adult.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

First seen at Tenka Ichi Budokai match.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Meets again with Chi-Chi who in childhood promised to marry.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Long story short the finale is a young Piccolo fighting Goku.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

After Goku defeats Piccolo, he then starts a family with Chi-Chi. Tenkaichi Budokai is a true martial arts fight which is held once 5 years (later it becomes once 3 years).


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Participants come from different types of races that exist in the Dragon Ball world.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Participants also come up with a variety of goals, some want to test the extent of their fighting skills, some hope for the money earned, some are aiming to finish off their opponent.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

Rules Part of a series OnAnime and manga Anime History Industry Original net animation Original video animation Fansub Fandub Companies Longest series Longest franchise Lists Manga History International market Mangaka Dōjinshi Scanlation Alternative Gekiga Yonkoma Publishers Best-selling Longest series Lists Demographic groups Children Shōnen Shōjo Seinen Josei Genres Bara Harem Isekai Magical girl Mecha Ryona Yaoi Yuri Others People Mitsuru Adachi Fujio Akatsu George Akiyama Hideaki Anno Hideo Azuma Clamp Osamu Dezaki Hisashi Eguchi Tetsuo Hara Mamoru Hokinobu Hoshino Ryoichi Ikegami Kunihiko Ikuhara Ken Ishikawa Shotaro Ishinomori Ikki Kajiwara Tomoharu Katsumata Yoshiaki Kawajiri Shōji Kawamori Rakuten Kitazawa Kazuo Koike Satoshi Kon Masami Kurumada Kōichi Mashimo Katsuji Matsumoto Yao Miyazaki Shigeru Mizuki Hideko Mizuno Shinji Mizushima Daijiro Morohoshi Tadao Nagahama Go Nagai Shinji Nagashima Daisuke Nishio Eiichiro Oda Kyoko Okazaki Mamoru Oshii Rintaro Takao Saito Hiroshi Sasagawa Junichi Sato Sanpei Shirato Masamune Shirow Gisaburō Sugii Isao Takahata Osamu Tezuka Toriira Toriyama Year 24 Group Tatsuo Yoshida Fandom Conventions Clubs Cosplay Anime music video Otaku Moe Yaoi fandom General Omake Terminology Iconography Anime and mangaportalvt Matches performed in rectangular shaped arenas Prohibited using weapons and body armor Prohibited killing opponents Fighters declared losing if: in The tenth count failed to wake up from fainting out of the arena declaring surrender Table winner Saiyan Saga Goku who had been surnamed, had a son named Gohan, this name was taken from Goku's late grandfather.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

When Goku who was inviting Gohan stopped by Kame House, suddenly the earth was shocked by the arrival of the Saiyans named Raditz, finally it was discovered that he was Goku's elder brother.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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He narrates the origin of Goku which turns out to be from the planet Vegeta, as well as his real name, Kakarot.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Goku's goal sent to earth was to exterminate the earthlings which then planet Earth would be overrun by the Saiyans.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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For refusing to carry out his brother's orders, Raditz took Gohan hostage. Because piccolo was also beaten by Raditz then piccolo joined Goku.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Late in the fight Goku is killed sacrificing along with Raditz.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Namum before dying, through the scouter Raditz informs two other Saiyans who will come to Earth in the coming year.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

The scouter is an advanced tool in the form of glasses, which is used to communicate by Saiyans, and is also capable of detecting a person's fighting level.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Piccolo then took Gohan to be trained to face the upcoming Saiyans.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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He trained Gohan without mercy.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Finally comes the moment of determination.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Goku meanwhile trains in the world of the dead with King Kai, in order to face the next enemy.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Frieza Saga After the battle with Vegeta and Nappa on earth, who ate the victims of the Z-fighters, met Piccolo, then Dragon Ball was wiped out.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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After discussing with King Kai, it became known that on the planet Namek, the home planet of Piccolo is still alive and developing species of the Namek people.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Thus the Z-fighters wish there was a Dragon Ball on the planet and set off on the original namek nation spaceship that took about 3 months to get to the planet Namek.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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After arriving at the planet Namek, it turned out to have been colonized by Frieza and his power-level cronies far more violent and stronger than Vegeta.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Even their communication tools and spaceships were destroyed.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

Meanwhile on Earth, Goku who is still lying in the hospital, gets a visit from Yajirobe who gives a magic bean called Senzu bean which is efficacious not only satisfying but can cure all kinds of diseases, fractures, deep bleeding, broken necks, spasms spasms, sciatica and colds instantly.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

After recovery soon he caught up with Bulma, Gohan and Krillin who had departed first in a more sophisticated aircraft made based on the Saiyans aircraft, only taking about 1 month.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

On his journey Goku trains inside his plane which has been equipped with a gravity engine x 100 by the help of Dr. Briefs (his father Bulma).


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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In the middle of the story, Vegeta is forced to join the Z-fighters for the sake of defeating Frieza.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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However is eventually killed by Frieza, after he tells the Super Saiyan legend to Goku.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Late in the story, Goku eventually transforms into a Super Saiyan but only an instant because by the time the fight ends, it turns out that the planet Namek explodes shattered to pieces.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Android Saga After the planet Namek explodes.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Suddenly Z-fighters are shocked by the arrival of a young man who finished off Frieza with a Super Saiyan form.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Even more surprising he says that Goku is alive from the explosion on the planet Namek.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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After waiting for 3 hours, Goku finally reached the earth, and the mysterious young man revealed (only to Goku) that he was a young man from the future named Trunks.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

It says that in XXX time there will appear two very powerful and sadistic androids who make the future like hell, even in the form of Super Saiyan even if they are unmatched and kill all Z-fighters.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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He tells me that Goku in the future is not killed by an android but by a disease.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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In order to prevent the future he experienced, Trunks gave a cure from the future that resulted in the pararel world.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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From the aforementioned diverging timeline, there are again two unknown androids, namely Android #19 and Android #20 (Dr. Gero) who have a grudge against Goku because in a small time, Goku had destroyed the Red Ribbon Army (Red Ribbon Army).


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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They are very strong.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Android #20 almost kills Yamcha by absorbing its energy. But it can be saved with senzu beans.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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While Goku starts his fight with Android #19.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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But Android #19 is more powerful than Goku.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Goku is almost killed as well as Yamcha.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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However, suddenly the heart disease once told by trunks struck Goku earlier than expected.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Yamcha directly took and took care of Goku.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Vegeta who had just practiced in space came back to earth with his new ability to become a super saiya-jin.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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He defeated Android #19 by using the Big Bang Attack move.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Android #20 who has been almost defeated and disassembled his identity, Returns to his laboratory located on the northern mountain to reactivate Android #17 and Android #18.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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This is the android that Trunks once told.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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However, they are stronger than Trunks expected. But it is not the android that is the problem, but an organic robot called Cell.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Cell hasn't been as powerful as thought, until finally in mid-story, Cell sucks up android 17 and 18 and turns into Cell in perfect form.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Buu Saga began with a true martial arts match that was held again.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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This championship was followed by Goku deliberately coming from the realm of the dead, Gohan disguised into Great Saiyaman, Vegeta, Piccolo, Krillin, and others.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Only Yamcha and Tien and Master Roshi did not participate in the match.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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At the time of the match, there turned out to be an incident where Gohan's fighting opponent asked him to turn into a Super Saiyan.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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When transformed into a Super Saiyan arrives Gohan is ambushed by two of Babidy's handmen.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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The two people are tasked with finding great energy, which is necessary to resurrect Buu.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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A monster that centuries ago once almost destroyed the universe.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

After Buu was freed from his cage, with and necessarily no one could match him. Even Vegeta deliberately exploded the energy in his body, only resulting in his death, with Buu still being able to live.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Gohan, who was thought to have died in the battle against Buu, turned out to be saved by King Kai to the realm of Kaioo.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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There he practiced to be able to defeat Buu.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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While Goku who only has a limited amount of time (due to coming from the realm of the dead) teaches fusion to Trunks and Goten after realizing the power those children have if joined there is a chance of defeating Buu.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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And in the fight against Buu for the umpteenth time, finally successfully annihilated with the Spirit Bomb move that Goku threw.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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But in the official version, it is Mr. Satan (commonly also called Hercule) who is considered saving the earth, again.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

List of comic titles Goku and His Friends Kemelut Dragon Ball Tenkaichi Budokai Begins Tough Swordsman Terror Mussle Tower Failure Burma Pursuit General Blue Goku Attacks Baba Soothsayer Return Father Upa Super Fight!


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

Mystery Demon King Piccolo Counterattack Goku Next Strategy Fight Between Hotshot Fighting Between Dragons and Tigers Horrors That Never Been Gohan and Demon King Piccolo Attack Saiyans Super Fight Toward Planet Namek Human Resistance Planet Namek Army Ginyu Yang Scary Goku or Ginyu Frieza Changed Formality Piccolo Against Frieza Frieza Overwhelmed Youth Of The Future Goku Lost Bad Premonition Cell Threatening Cell Reach Perfect Forward The Cell Game Begins The Knight Exceeding Goku Goodbye Heroes The Birth Heroes New Heroes Threaten Cell Reach The Perfect Walking Goku Against Vegeta Happy Way Honored Knight Last Secret Weapon!


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

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Super gotenks!


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

Bye Bye Dragon Ball Film Trivia Comics Dragon Ball series published in the New Order era in Indonesia should not contain Kanji characters so there are some oddities when deleted the letter is less neat like those in the costume worn by Goku.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

Dragon Ball once aired in Indosiar and GlobalTV Launch mysteriously disappeared after Dragon Ball Z. Until at the last moment when Goku asked the inhabitants of the universe to create Spirit Bomb, Launch was brought up.


Question: What is the number of Dragon Ball serials?

Dragon Ball

The selection history of the names of Dragon Ball Z figures of the Saiyans named after vegetable names: Goku family by food: Bulma children named after clothing names: Mr. Satan's family His naming contains the word devil: Category:Action manga Category:Action anime Category:Anime and manga comedy Category:Anime and manga adventure Category:OVA anime


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Deng Xiaopinglisten (Simplified Hanzi: 小平; traditional Hanzi: 小平; pinyin: Dèng Xiopíng; Wade-Giles: Teng Hsiao-p'ing;) was a leader of the revolution in the Communist Party of China who was the supreme leader of the People's Republic of China from the decade of the 70s until the beginning of the early decade of the 90's. He was the second generation leader after Mao Zedong.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Under his direction, reforms occurred in various aspects in China ranging from politics, economics, and social life.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

He discarded many communist doctrines and incorporated elements of the free trade system into the Chinese economy.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

He restored stability and economic development after the failure of the Cultural Revolution so that China became one of the countries with the fastest pace of economic development in the world.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

His reign was also tinged with events in Tiananmen Square in Beijing of 1989.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Deng Xiaoping's education and early career was born on August 22, 1904 in Guang'an, Sichuan Province under the name Deng Xixian.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

His family were Sichuan Hakka people, with ancestors dating back to Meixian.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

His father was a landlord.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Deng joined the Communist Party of China while taking high school education.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

He had the opportunity to study in France (1920-1924) and the Soviet Union (1925-1926) as well as being active in the communist movement.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

He returned to his country in 1926 becoming military executor in the Jiangxi Soviet, a communist autonomous region in southwestern China founded 1931 by Mao Zedong.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Deng Xiaoping followed the Long March of 1934-1935 when communist forces under Mao fought against nationalist forces on Chiang Kai-shek's side.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

The Long March aims at a new base in Shaanxi Province, northwest China.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

War with Japan broke out in 1937 and Deng took office leader of the Chinese Revolutionary Forces.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

From 1937 to 1945 he was appointed by the secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party to serve as top officer in the Eighth Route Army division.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Thanks to his leadership, the Communist Party grew rapidly and was able to carry out the revolutions of 1946 — 1949.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

In 1952 he was summoned to Beijing to be sworn in as deputy prime minister.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

His career continued to rise with his appointment as general secretary of the Communist Party of China in 1954 and also as a member of the Political Bureau in 1955.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

From the middle of the 1950s, Deng was in charge of creating domestic and international affairs policies.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

He became very close to pragmatic leaders such as Liu Shaoqi who emphasized the importance of material resource incentives and technician resources and leadership as the basis of China's economic development.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Mao Zedong at first praised Deng's organizational cleverness, but eventually faded in the 1960s during the Cultural Revolution.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Deng's views did not match Mao's egalitarian policies.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Deng had strong views against individual self-interest, contrary to Mao's views that attached importance to egalitarian policies and revolutionary enthusiasm as key to economic development.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Deng was eventually dismissed from his post.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

With his family, he was sent to the countryside in Jiangxi to undergo reeducation.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

The Cultural Revolution and return to Deng's party were attacked by Mao's radical supporters during the Cultural Revolution (in 1966-1967).


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

He was removed from positions in party and government posts.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

During the period 1967-1969 he disappeared from public sight.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Prime minister Zhou Enlai felt he needed Deng's organizational ability, so in 1973, he was appointed vice premier.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

In 1975, he was sworn in as party secretary of the Central Committee, member of the Political Bureau and chief of the general staff.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Seeing his status as an active politician, after Zhou's death (January 1976), he was touted as a prime candidate for replacement prime minister.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

However, Mao's staunch supporters during the Cultural Revolution, the Gang of Four, managed to get rid of Deng.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Mao closed the age in September 1976.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

His successor, Hua Guofeng supported Deng to again occupy the post within the party.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

In the meantime the Gang of Four has also been pushed aside.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

He along with Hua worked together to control the running of the party and government.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Deng's brilliance and increasingly widespread support for him, led Hua to hand over the leadership to Deng in 1980-1981.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Zhao Ziyang became prime minister, Hu Yaobang served the secretary general of the Communist Party, both honored Deng Xiaoping.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Policies to advance the economy He established a centralized economic management as well as a flexible long-term economic plan.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Farmers were given individual control and obligation over their production and profits, this policy ultimately increased agricultural production massively within a few years of its inception in 1981.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Deng emphasized individual obligations in economic decision-making, material incentives as an accepted outcome for industry and initiatives, as well as the establishment of skilled cadres, experienced technicians, and managers as the cutting edge of the country's development.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

He freed many companies from the control and control of the central government and gave factory owners a policy of determining production levels and pursuing their respective profit profits.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

In foreign relations policy, Deng strengthened trade and cultural relations with the west, opening China to foreign corporate investment.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Since then, Deng was considered successful in advancing China with its policies.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Through consensus, compromise and persuasion, Deng designed important reforms within the fields of Chinese politics, economics and social life.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

The most important social reform was the One Child Policy family planning program to control the growth of the Chinese population of Tianamen Square Events and the late years He was a member of the powerful Standing Committee in the Political Bureau.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

He gained control of the armed forces through his role as Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

He was also as Vice Chairman of the Communist Party.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Given that strong position, he was considered a key policymaker throughout the 1980s. In 1987 he stepped down from the CCP Central Committee, then gave up his seat in the Political Bureau and Standing Committee.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Deng faced the events of April—June 1989.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Zhao had replaced Hu Yaobang as CCP secretary general in 1987.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Hu's death in April 1989 stirred several student demonstrations in Tiananmen Square menfor more political freedom and a democratic government.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

After several occasions of reluctance, Deng supported the proposal of figures within the party to carry out the forcible dissolution of the protesters.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

In June the armed forces suppressed protesters which led to the occurrence of the Tiananmen Incident.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Zhao was succeeded by Jiang Zemin who in 1989 replaced Deng's position in the Military Commission chair.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Starting in the 1990s, Deng was no longer active in the party leadership but was still very influential until the end of his life.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Although he was criticized internationally for his role in the Tiananmen Incident, he still has power and an important position in Chinese politics and economics.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

He had chosen his successor so that towards the final years he had stayed away from political affairs.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

He died in Beijing on 19 February 1997 at the age of 92.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Deng's services and role in the economy and international relations restored domestic stability as well as the economic development of China after the great destruction of the Cultural Revolution period.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Under his leadership, China became a country with booming economic development, followed by rising living standards, cultural freedom and relations with other countries.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Although the CCP is still the only party, it supports free market mechanisms in the economic sphere.


Question: How long has Deng Xiaoping been the leader of the revolution in the Chinese Communist Party?

Deng Xiaoping

Outside Category:Biographical Article April 2013 Category:Articles contain Chinese scripts Category:Birth 1904 Category:Death 1997 Category:Died age 92 Category:Cold War Leaders Category:Person of the Year Category:Chinese Politician Category:Stub Biographical politician Category:All Biographical Articles Category:All dead people Category:Birth date of August 22 Category:Date of Death February 19 Category:Hakka Figures


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Ay was a pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Ancient Egypt.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

He was in power for four years (likely 1323—1319 BC [1] or 1327—1323 BC, depending on which chronology was worn), although he was a close advisor to two or three previous pharaohs.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Ay is also the power behind the throne of Tutankhamun.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Ay's prenomen or royal name - Kheperkheperure - meaning “Immortality is a manifestation of Ra” while his birth name Ay it-netjer is read as “Ay, Father of the Gods.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Records and monuments related to Ay are rarely encountered.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

This was due to his short period of power.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

In addition, Horemheb (his successor) waged damnatio memoriae against him and other pharaohs connected with the unpopular Amarna period.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Ay's origin is thought to be native to Egypt from Akhmim.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

During his short reign, he built a stone cutting chapel in Akhmim and dedicated it to the local deity there: Min. He was likely the son of Yuya, who worked as a member of the Min priesthood in Akhmin as well as a cattle supervisor in this town and Tjuyu's wife. [2]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

If so, Ay could have had only half Egyptian and half Syrian blood because the name Yuya is unusual in Egypt and suggestive of a foreign background. [3]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Yuya was an influential nobleman in the royal court of Amenhotep III who was granted the privilege of having a tomb built for him in the Valley of the Kings likely because he was the father of Tiye, Queen Amenhotep.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

There are also noted similarities in the physical resemblance of the monuments that are off to Ay and those of the Yuya mummies, and both bear similar names and titles. [4]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Amarna period All that is known for certain is that by the time he was allowed to build a tomb for himself (South Tomb 25) in Amarna during Akhenaten's reign, he had attained the title of “Foreman of all His Majesty's horses”, the highest rank within the troop division elite combat chariots, which are below the rank of General. [5]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Prior to this promotion he seems that he had first been a troop commander rather than a “regular” superintendent of horses, a title found inside a box thought to have been part of the original piece of furniture for his tomb. [6]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Other titles listed in this tomb include, the fan bearer on the right side of the king, the cherished Savior of the King, and the Father of the Gods. The 'fan carrier on the right side of the king' is a very important position, and it is considered that the fan carrier has a leader's' ear '.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

The last Father of the Gods title is best suited to Ay, who was later incorporated into the name of the kingdom when he became Pharaoh. [6]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

This title could mean that he was the father-in-law of Pharaoh indicating that he was the son of Yuya and Tjuyu, thus making him Tiye's half-brother, brother-in-law of Amenhotep III and Akhenaten's uncle on his mother's side.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

If Ay was the son of Yuya, who became a senior military officer during the reign of Amenhotep III, then he began to follow in his father's footsteps, eventually inheriting his father's military functions after his death.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Or it could also mean that he may have had a daughter who was married to Pharaoh Akhenaten, possibly being the father of Akhenaten's wife Nefertiti.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Ultimately there is no definitive evidence proving that hypothesis. [7]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

The two theories are not mutually exclusive, but the relationship would explain the status of Ay raised during the time of Akhenaten Amarna's interlude, when the royal family turned away from traditional Egyptian gods and experimented, for twelve years or more, with monotheism; Ay appear to be its adherents under Akhenaten's rule.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

The Great Hymn to the Aten is also found inside his Amarna tomb built when he was working under Akhenaten.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

It is possible that this was required by Akhenaten, although it is not proven that Ay agreed with Akhenaten's decision to promote Aten of all gods.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

This suggests that he believed in Akhenaten's religious revolution.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

His wife Tey was of commoners but was granted the title of Nurse of the Great Pharaoh's Wife. [7]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

If she is the mother of Nefertiti she is expected to have the royal title of Mother of the Great Wife of Pharaoh instead, if Ay is Nefertiti's father, then Tey is her stepmother. [7]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Inside some of the tombs of the chapel of Amarna there is a woman whose name begins with “Mut” who bore the title of Sister of the Great Pharaoh's Wife.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

This can also be interpreted Ay's daughter and his wife Tey, and it is known that his heir Horemheb married a woman named Mutnodjimet. [8]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Tutankhamun Ay's reign was preceded by King Tutankhamun, who ascended the throne at the age of eight or nine, during a time of great strife among new monotheism and ancient polytheism.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

He assisted in his duties as king by two of his predecessor's closest advisors: the Grand Vizier Ay and General Horemheb.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

In the ninth period of Tutankhamun's reign, it was largely under the briefing of Ay, who looked back gradually to the ancient gods and with it the restoration of power of the Amun priesthood which had lost their influence under Akhenaten's rule.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

The Egyptian scientist named Bob Brier suspected that Ay killed Tutankhamun to absorb his power, a claim that came from the results of an X-ray examination of his body conducted in 1968.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

He also alleged that Ankhesenamun and the Prince of the Hittites who were to marry him were also killed on his orders. [9]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

This theory of murder is not accepted by all scholars, and an even more detailed CT-scan of the mummy was carried out by National Geographic (published in late 2005) which states that Tutankhamun did not die from a blow to his head as described by Brier.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Forensic researchers at National Geographic instead present a new theory that Tutankhamun died from an infection caused by a broken bone in his leg because he was often depicted walking with a cane due to spina bifida, a hereditary disease that originated from his father's family. [10]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

The bone fragments found in Tutankhamun's most plausible skull were the result of post-mortem damage caused by Howard Carter's initial examination of the little king “as they showed no evidence of affluence with the embalming fluid used for preserved Pharaoh after he died. “[11]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

But Brier has stated that the bone fragments on the skull were irrelevant to the problem if Tutankhamun died killed, admitting that it was likely caused by embalming.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

The Brier evidence he presented for the murder was a dark spot contained at the base of the skull that showed an overhead blow.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Dr.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Gerald Irwin agreed with Brier on this point.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

(“The Murder of Tutankhamen” (March, 1999) ISBN 0-425-16689-9) When the results of the CT-scan examination have been published, many scholars accept his findings, but some still believe in the mystery of Tutankhamun's death far on completion and continue to support the older murder theory.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

There are various recently published books regarding the original murder theory and dispute the conclusions reached by the CT scan Team, although it also cites other means of murder, such as poisoning. [12] [13] In 2010, a team led by Zahi Hawass reported that he had died from a complication caused by malaria and Köhler's disease but the rest of the team from the Bernhard Noct Institute for Tropical Medicine in Hamburg believed that his death was caused by sickle cell disease. [14]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Tutankhamun very likely died as a result of the disease, which was combined with an infection of his knee.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Ay was also grounded in a tomb intended for Tutankhamun in the West of the Valley of the Kings (KV 23), and Tutankhamun was in a tomb intended for Ay in the East of the Valley of the Kings (KV 62).


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Leading as Pharaoh Tutankhamun's Death at his eighteen or nineteen years old, along with his failure to produce heirs, left a power vacuum that was quickly filled by the Grand Vizier Ay: Ay is depicted performing a funeral ritual for the king who has manglicized and assumes the role of heir.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

The reasons for which Ay successfully claimed power are not entirely clear.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

The commander of the forces, Horemheb, had actually been appointed as “idnw” or “Deputy Lord of the Two Regions” under Tutankhamun's rule and was thought to be the heir of the minor king. [15]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

It appears that Horemheb had lost strongly to take control of the throne with Ay marrying Ankhesenamun, Tutankhamun's widow, with an attempt to legitimize his claim to the throne.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Ay was certainly a powerful figure: he was familiar with the center of political power at the royal court for 25 years under both Tutankhamun and Akhenaten.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

However this might still not have been enough to legitimise his claim to the throne within the highly hierarchical ancient Egyptian society, had he been born not as a member of the kingdom especially at a time of upheaval within the country without his marriage to Tutankhamun's widow.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

As he had come of twilight age on his accession, Ay ruled Egypt in his own right for only four years.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

During this period, he re-consolidated ancient religious traditions and he had been initiated as a senior advisor and built a tomb shrine at Medinet Habu for himself.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

An inscription on Nakhtmin (Berlin 2074), a military officer under the rule of Tutankhamun and Ay—whom Ay chose as his heir—is dated Year 4, IV day of Akhet 1 in Ay's reign. [16]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Manetho's epitome states the length of a reign of 4 years and 1 month for Horemheb and this is usually assigned to Ay based on this Year 4 date above the inscription; however it is now believed that the figure should be increased by a decade to [1] 4 years and 1 month and turned off with Horemheb rather than Manetho intended.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Therefore, the exact length of Ay's reign is unknown and he could have ruled for 7 to 9 years as most of his monuments and tomb temples at Medinet Habu were destroyed or usurped by his successor, Horemheb.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Royal Succession Before his death, Ay appointed Nakhtmin to succeed him as Pharaoh.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

However Ay's plans for succession went unsmoothly as it was Horemheb who became the last king of the eighteenth Dynasty instead of Nakhtmin.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

The fact that Nakhtmin was the chosen heir of Ay is particularly evident on an inscription carved on the burial statue of Nakhtmin and his wife that was likely made during Ay's reign.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Nakhtmin was clearly given the titles rpat (Crown Prince) and Za nzw (Son of the King). [17]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

The only conclusion that can be drawn here is that Nakhtmin was one of Ay's adopted sons and that Ay prepared Nakhtmin as his heir rather than Horemheb.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Egyptian scholars Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton observed of the statue: “vandalized signs for 'Son of the King', and there has been debate as to whether to proceed saying 'Kush', making Nakhtmin viceroy of Nubia, or 'of his body', making him a real royal son.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Since there is no other evidence for Nakhtmin as viceroy—with others [Paser I] attested in office in this period too—the latter suggestion seems a more plausible one.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Since Nakhtmin contributed objects for Tutankhamun's funeral without such a title, it followed that he only became the son of a later king, probably under Ay.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

This theory is supported by evidence of deliberate damage to the statue of Nakhtmin, as Ay was one among the pharaohs of Amarna whose relics were vandalized under later rulers. “[18]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Consequences It appears that one of Horemheb's endeavors as Pharaoh was to omit all references to monotheistic experiments, a process including abolishing the names of his immediate predecessors, especially Ay, from the historical record.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Horemheb desecrated Ay's cemetery and had most of Ay's royal cartouche inside his tomb frescoes WV23 removed and his sarcophagus broken into a number of fragments. [19]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Yet the lid of the sarcophagus discovered in 1972 by Otto Schaden, the Egyptian Scientist from the United States who opened tomb KV63 in the Valley of the Kings in 2006.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

There is still a preserved cartouche of Ay.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

The sarcophagus has been buried under debris in the tomb of this king. [20]


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Horemheb also seized the tomb shrine of Ay at Medinet Habu for his own use.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Uvo Hölscher (1878—1963) who excavated the temple in the beginning of 1930 gave an interesting description of the state of Ay-Horemheb's tomb temple: 'Wherever the cartouche has been preserved, the name of Eye [ie: Ay] has been removed and replaced with his heir Harmhab.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Inside all but one example that has been ignored and no changes made.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Thus the temple, built and completed by the Eye, at least in the back rooms with their fine paintings, was usurped by his successors and has since been known as the Harmhab temple.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

The seal on the stopper from the wine urn from the temple's magazine read: “Wine from the temple of Harmhab. “'[21] The Ay family is believed to have been the sons of Yuya and Thuya, dna making him the brother of Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep III, and the priesthood of Amun, Anen.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

He was therefore the pamanda of pharaohs Akhenaten and Smenkhkare.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

His assumed wife was Iuy, the mother of Nakhtmin, the heiress appointed by Ay.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

His Great wife was Tey, host governess of Queen Nefertiti.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Ay is believed to be the father of Queen Nefertiti, wife of Akhenaten, and Mutbenret or Mutnodjmet depending on how the name is read, Mutnodjmet being Horemheb's wife.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Their mother may have been the “Praise singer Isis Min” Iuy, known as the mother of Nakhtmin, the heir of Ay, and who was considered a child.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

He is therefore considered the grandfather of Queen Meritaten, Meketaten, Queen Ankhesenamun, Neferneferuaten Tasherit, Neferneferure and Setepenre.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Inside Fiction Ay appears as a main character in P. C. Doherty's trilogy of ancient Egyptian novels, An Evil Spirit Out of the West, The Season of the Hyaena and The Year of the Cobra.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

He is also a character in Mika Waltari's historical novel The Egyptian and Wolfgang Hohlbein's Die Prophezeihung (The Prophecy).


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

She is also the main character in Michelle Moran's best-selling novel Nefertiti.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Ay is an evil figure in Lucile Morrison's 1937 teen novel The Lost Queen of Egypt.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

He also appears as an evil character in Lucien de Gieter's comic strip Papyrus (seventeenth book in the series: Tutankhamun, the assassinated pharaoh).


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

Kerry Greenwood's novel, “Out of the Black Land” depicts him as a greedy scoundrel whose only pursuit of wealth as his primary goal.


Question: When did Ay die?

Ay

References Jürgen von Beckerath, Chronologie des Pharaonischen Ägypten, MÄS 46 (Philip von Zabern, Mainz: 1997), pp.201 Outside Links Category:Death 1320s BC Category:Kings of Egypt's eighteenth dynasty Category:Amarna Period


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

The Flat Earth Society (also known as the International Flat Earth Society or the International Flat Earth Research Society) is an organization that has the belief that the earth is flat, which corresponds to its actual facts, but is contrary to the scientific elite of the global [1] [2] [3] shows that the earth is round.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Its modern organization was founded by a man of British origin, Samuel Shenton in 1956, [4] and later led by Charles K. Johnson, who made his home in Lancaster, California, the organization's base.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

The organization has no longer been active since Johnson's death in 2001, but recently the Flat Earth Society organization was resurrected by its new president, Daniel Shenton. [5]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

The origin of the belief that the Earth is flat was characteristic of ancient cosmology until around the fourth century BC, when ancient Greek philosophers began to argue that the Earth was spherical. [6]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Aristotle was one of the first thinkers to put forward an opinion on a spherical Earth in 330 BC.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Towards the beginning of the Middle Ages, knowledge that the Earth was spherical spread widely throughout Europe. [7]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

The modern hypothesis supporting the flat Earth theory was established by a British inventor, Samuel Rowbotham (1816—1884).


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Based on his interpretation of certain verses in the Bible, Rowbotham published a 16-page pamphlet, which he later developed into a 430-page book entitled Earth Not a Globe, outlining his views.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Based on Rowbotham's system, which he calls “Zethetical Astronomy”, the earth is a flat disk centred on the Arctic and surrounded by Antarctic ice walls, while the sun and moon are about 4800km (3000 miles) apart and the cosmos is 5000km (3100 miles) above the earth. [8]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Rowbotham and his followers, such as William Carpenter who passed on the fruits of his labour, gained public attention by conducting public debates against renowned scholars.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

One of his debates, involving the eminent naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace, was in regard to the Bedford Level Trial (and later led to several lawsuits over fraud and defamation). [9] [10] [11] Rowbotham founded the Zetetic Society in England and New York, as well as circulating over a thousand copies of Zetetic Astronomy.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

After Rowbotham died, Lady Elizabeth Blount, wife of Sir Walter de Sodington Blount, founded the Universal Zetetic Society, published the magazine The Earth Not a Globe Review, and was actively involved until the early twentieth century. [12]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

A Flat Earth journal, Earth: a Monthly Magazine of Sense and Science, was published between 1901—1904, and edited by Lady Blount herself. [13]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

In 1901, he repeated the Bedford Level Experiment started by Rowbotham and photographed the effects.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

This sparked correspondence in English Mechanic magazine with some opposing claims.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

In later life, it became notorious for engaging fraud involving dental practices. [13]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

After World War II, the organization slowly regressed.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Flat Earth Society In 1956, Samuel Shenton founded the International Flat Earth Society as the successor organization of the Universal Zetetic Society.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

He runs this organisation from his residence in Dover, Britain. [12]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Shenton was more interested in alternative science and technology so in this organization, the emphasis on religious arguments was much less than in its predecessor organizations. [13]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Not long after the founding of the Flat Earth Society, the first artificial satellite was successfully launched.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Photographs taken by satellites in space then show that the earth is round.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

But the Flat Earth Society still believes that the earth is flat.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Shenton said, “It's easy to see that such a photo can power the untrained eye. “[14]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Samuel Shenton managed to attract the attention of the public.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

He entered the New York Times in January and June 1964, when the nickname “flat-earther” also hung on the floor of the People's Council of the Exchequer in both directions.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

The organization also argued that the Apollo landing on the moon was a sham, carried out by Hollywood and based on a script made by Arthur C. Clarke.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Hearing of this, Clarke sent a joke letter to NASA's chief administrator containing a statement that he had not been paid for his work used by NASA. [15]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

In 1969, Shenton succeeded in persuading Ellis Hillman, a Polytechnic lecturer, to become the next president of the Flat Earth Society.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

However there is not much evidence regarding his involvement in the Flat Earth Society.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

After Shenton died, Ellis Hillman added Shenton's library collection to the archives of the Science Fiction Foundation, which he co-founded. [13]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Shenton died in 1971 and Charles K. Johnson inherited a portion of Shenton's library collection from Shenton's wife.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Johnson then founded and became president of the International Flat Earth Research Society of America and Covenant People's Church in California.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Under his leadership, over the next more than three decades, the Flat Earth Society expanded until it reached about 3000 members.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Johnson circulates newsletters, pamphlets, maps, and various other promotional materials on anyone requesting.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

He managed all membership applications jointly with his wife, Marjory, who was also a flat-earther.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

His best-known bulletins are Flat Earth News, which is a four-page thick quarterly tabloid.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Johnson financed all of this from members' annual dues, which ranged from $6 to $10 during his leadership. [16]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

The following are some of the news chiefs from the Flat Earth News bulletins during the 1970s and early 1980s: [17] “Whole World Deceived...


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Except the Very Elect” (December 1977) “Australia Not Down Under” (May 1978) “The Sun Is a Light 32 Miles Across” (December 1978) “The Earth Has No Motion” (June 1979) “Nikita Krushchev Father of NASA” (March 1980) “Galileo Was a Liar” (December 1980) “Science Insults Your Intelligence” (September 1980) “The World IS Flat, and That's That” (September 1980) “The Earth Is Not a Ball; Gravity Does Not Exist” (March 1981) A recent earth model made by the Flat Earth Society shows that the earth is disc-shaped, with the North Pole as its center while the South Pole is an ice wall in periphery of the earth. [18]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

The map is similar to the map on the flag of the United Nations, which Johnson used to reinforce his opinion. [19]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

According to this model, the sun and moon are 52km (32 miles) in diameter each. [20]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

The Flat Earth Society recruits members by way opposed to the United States government and its institutions, especially NASA.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Much of the organization's literature in its early days focused more on literal interpretation of the Bible, although they also sought to provide scientific evidence and explanation. [16]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

The sorority reached 2,000 members at its peak under the leadership of Charles K. Johnson.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

The organization had to face overwhelming scientific evidence and public opinion that believed the Earth was round.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

The term “flat-earther” is then used to refer to someone who stubbornly sticks to discredited or out-of-date ideas..


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

The Flat Earth Society began to suffer setbacks in the 1990s, and further disastrous after the occurrence of a fire incident at the Charles K. Johnson residence that gutted the entire records and contact data of Flat Earth Society members.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Johnson's wife, who co-assisted in managing the database, died not long after. [21]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Charles K. Johnson himself died on March 19, 2001.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Flat Earth Society in Canada The Flat Earth Society of Canada was founded by Leo Ferrari (1927-2010), a professor of philosophy at St. Thomas University in 1970, along with Raymond Fraser and Alden Nowlan.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

The organization was active until about 1984.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Their goals are quite different other Flath Earth Society organizations.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

They believe the problem that arises in this technological age is people's willingness to accept theories “on blind faith and reject evidence from their own senses. “[22]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

They published a newsletter entitled The Official Chronicle and promoted their ideas through television and the press. Its main objectives are “to combat misleading apotheosis,” “to restore man's confidence in the validity of one's own perception,” and "spearhead for human escape from metaphysical and geometric prisons.”


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Modern Flat Earth Society In November 2010, the Flat Earh Society discussion forum appeared on the internet. [23]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

While other forums that are also related, the International Alliance of Flat Earth Groups, are currently no longer active. [24]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

The Flat Earth Society also appears on Twitter [25] and Facebook. [26]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

In 2009, the Flat Earth Society was re-established and its members numbered 60 people in March 2010. [5]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Supporters of the Flat Earth Society today do not have a single theory that is shared.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Each member has a different idea of how the Earth was created.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Some support the idea that the earth is completely flat, while others support a disc shape. [7]


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Daniel Shenton has resurrected the organisation of the Flat Earth society.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

In an article in The Guardian, Shenton said he had 60 members.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

The report also stated Shenton had a website on which contained the organisation's newsletters from the 1970s and 80s. “[5] Footnotes Additional reference: A Flat Earth encyclopedia actively maintained by the members of the Society.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

: (No longer available, but) The Papers of the Flat Earth Society, University of Liverpool Library, Special Collections and Archives, reference GB 141 FES.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

The collection comprises in 31 boxes and folders the papers of the Flat Earth Society during Samuel Shenton's involvement with the society (1956—1971).


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

The material includes incoming and outgoing correspondence, promotional material such as leaflets and posters, magazines, manuscripts, material lecture including maps and diagrams, photographs, press cuttings, notes, books on astronomy and the Earth, and various other ephemera. links to archives - includes photos of Samuel Shenton Online text of Samuel Birley Rowbotham's 1881 treatise on Zetetic (Flat Earth) Astronomy., Oct. 1931 article from Modern Mechanics and Inventions about Voliva and his flat earth cosmology.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Professor Donald Simanek's web page on the history of flat earth movements. by Robert J. Schadewald.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Science Digest, July 1980.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

A very detailed look at the Society and its leader.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Schadewald was president of the National Center for Science Education and an expert on alternative earth movements. by Robert J. Schadewald, Creation/Evolution #31 (1992).


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

This article explains the use of lighthouse data by Samuel Rowbotham. by Robert J. Schadewald, from the Skeptical Inquirer, Winter 1981—1982.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Describes the movements leading to the Flat Earth Society and discusses parallels with creationism.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

By Robert P. J. Day, 1993.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Documents the full Flat Earth Society newsletter.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Part of the Talk.Origins archive on the Evolution/Creationism archive.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Holding, James Patrick, 2000.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

TJ 14 (3) :51—54.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Russell, Jeffrey Burton, 1997.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Inventing the Flat Earth: Columbus and Modern Historians ISBN 0-275-95904-X Russell, Jeffrey Burton, 1997.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

(No longer available) (summary of above book).


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Strickland, Jonathan, 2008.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Raymond Fraser's follow-up reading (2007).


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

When The Earth Was Flat: Remembering Leonard Cohen, Alden Nowlan, the Flat Earth Society, the King James monarchy hoax, the Montreal Story Tellers and other curious matters.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Black Moss Press, ISBN 978-0-88753-439-3 Martin Gardner (1957).


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Fads & Fallacies in the Name of Science, Dover Publications, ISBN 0-486-20394-8, chapter 2, pg 16-27 James Randi (1995).


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

An Encyclopedia of claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural, St. Martin's Press, ISBN 0-312-13066-X, pg 97-98.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

(Available) Robert Schadewald (1981).


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Scientific Creationism, Geocentricity, and the Flat Earth, Skeptical Inquirer, vol 6, #2, Winter 1981-82, 41-48.


Question: Who initiated the establishment of the Ecclesiastical Base Community?

Flat Earth Society

Ted Schultz, editor. (1989).