Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

These people, known as Franko-Levantin (French Levantin; Frankolevantini; Italian: Levantini; Greek: Φραγκολεβαντίνοι; and Turkish: Levantenler, Tatlısu Frenkleri), constitute Roman Catholics.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The crusades at the time influenced the attitude of the Western Church towards warfare; regular calls for crusades were said to accustom clergy to violent acts.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

They also sparked a debate around the legitimacy of seizing land and ownership from pagans on purely religious grounds which again came to the surface during the Exploration Age in the 15th and 16th centuries. [164]


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The need for crusading practices encouraged the development of secular governments, which were not all positively impacted; resources used in warfare were supposed to be able to be used by developing countries for local as well as regional needs. [165]


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

As its prestige and power were raised by the War-Crusades, the papal curia at the time became in greater control over the western Church and expanded the papal system of taxation through Western ecclesiastical structures.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The system of indulgences grew significantly in Europe in late medieval times and triggered the Protestant Reformation in the early 16th century. [166]


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

Although the Albigensian Crusade was intended to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, it acquired the mainland with closer language and cultural ties to Catalunya.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

This crusade also played a role in the formation and institutionalization of the Dominicans Order and the Medieval Inquisition. [167]


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The persecution of Jews in Crusade I became part of a long history of antisemitism in Europe. [168]


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The need to raise, transport, and supply troops in large numbers led to a rise in trade activity between Europe and the outremer.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

Genoa and Venice experienced development with the presence of profitable trading colonies in the crusader states of the Holy Land and (later) in the captured Byzantine territories. [169]


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

See also Milkhemet Mitzvah Religious Wars Reference Bibliography Harris, Jonathan (2014), Byzantium and the Crusades, Bloomsbury, 2nd ed. ISBN 978-1-78093-767-0 CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) Advanced information Advanced reading Introduction Missing or empty |title= (help) Cobb, Paul M.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The Race for Paradise: An Islamic History of the Crusades (Oxford University Press, 2014) Hillenbrand, Carole.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The Crusades, Islamic Perspectives. (2000) Holt, P.M.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The Age of the Crusades: The Near East from the Eleventh Century to 1517. (2nd ed. 2014) Jotischky, Andrew.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The Crusades: a beginner's guide (Oneworld Publications, 2015) Madden, Thomas F.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The Concise History of the Crusades (Rowman & Littlefield, 2014) Murray, Alan V., ed.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The Crusades to the Holy Land: The Essential Reference Guide (ABC-CLIO, 2015) Phillips, Jonathan.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

Holy Warriors: A Modern History of the Crusades (2010) Phillips, Jonathan.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The Crusades, 1095—1204 (2nd ed. Routledge, 2014) Riley-Smith, Jonathan, ed.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The Atlas of the Crusades (1991) Riley-Smith, Jonathan.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The Crusades, Christianity, and Islam (2011) Riley-Smith, Jonathan.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The Crusades: A history (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014) Special Studies of Boas, Adrian J. Jerusalem in the Time of the Crusades: Society, Landscape, and Art in the Holy City under Frankish Rule (2001) Bull, Marcus, and Norman Housley, eds.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The Experience of Crusading Volume 1, Western Approaches. (2003) Edbury, Peter, and Jonathan Phillips, eds.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The Experience of Crusading Volume 2, Defining the Crusader Kingdom. (2003) Florean, Dana.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

“East Meets West: Cultural Confrontation and Exchange after the First Crusade.”


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

Language & Intercultural Communication, 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 2, pp.144—151 Folda, Jaroslav.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

Crusader Art in the Holy Land, From the Third Crusade to the Fall of Acre (2005) France, John.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade (1996) Harris, Jonathan, Byzantium and the Crusades, Bloomsbury, 2nd ed. (2014) ISBN 978-1-78093-767-0 Hillenbrand, Car.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives (1999) Housley, Norman.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The Later Crusades, 1274—1580: From Lyons to Alcazar (1992) James, Douglas.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

“Christians and the First Crusade.”


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

History Review (Dec 2005), Issue 53 Kagay, Donald J., and L. J. Andrew Villalon, eds. Crusaders, Condottieri, and Cannon: Medieval Warfare in Societies around the Mediterranean. (2003) Maalouf, Amin.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

Crusades Through Arab Eyes (1989) Madden, Thomas F. et al., eds. Crusades Medieval Worlds in Conflict (2010) Peters, Edward.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

Christian Society and the Crusades, 1198—1229 (1971) Powell, James M. Anatomy of a Crusade, 1213—1221, (1986) Queller, Donald E., and Thomas F. Madden.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The Fourth Crusade: The Conquest of Constantinople (2nd ed. 1999) Riley-Smith, Jonathan.The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading. (1986) Runciman, Steven.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

A History of the Crusades: Volume 2, The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East (1952); A History of the Crusades: Volume 3, The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades (1954); the classic 20th century history Setton, Kenneth ed. ,


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

A History of the Crusades. (1969—1989), the standard scholarly history in six volumes, published by the University of Wisconsin Press Includes: (2nd ed. 1969); (1969); (1975); (1977); (1985); (1989) Smail, R. C. “Crusaders' Castles of the Twelfth Century” Cambridge Historical Journal Vol. 10, Nos. 2. (1951), pp.133—149.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

Stark, Rodney.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

God's Battalions: The Case for the Crusades (2010) Tyerman, Christopher.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

England and the Crusades, 1095—1588. (1988) Historiography of Constable, Giles.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

“The Historiography of the Crusades” in Angeliki E. Laiou, ed.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World (2001) Illston, James Michael.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

'An Entirely Masculine Activity'?


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

Women and War in the High and Late Middle Ages Reconsidered (MA thesis, University of Canterbury, 2009) Madden, Thomas F. ed.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

The Crusades: The Essential Readings (2002) Powell, James M.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

“The Crusades in Recent Research,” The Catholic Historical Review (2009) 95 #2 pp 313—19 Rubenstein, Jay.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

“In Search of a New Crusade: A Review Essay,” Historically Speaking (2011) 12 #2 pp 25—27 von Güttner-Sporzyński, Darius.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

“Recent Issues in Polish Historiography of the Crusades” in Judi Upton-Ward, The Military Orders: Volume 4, On Land and by Sea (2008), Primary Sources Barber, Malcolm, Bate, Keith (2010).


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

Letters from the East: Crusaders, Pilgrims and Settlers in the 12th—13th Centuries (Crusade Texts in Translation Volume 18, Ashgate Publishing Ltd) Bird, Jessalynn, et al. eds. Crusade and Christendom: Annotated Documents in Translation from Innocent III to the Fall of Acre, 1187—1291 (2013) Housley, Norman, ed. Documents on the Later Crusades, 1274—1580 (1996) Shaw, M. R. B. Ed.Chronicles of the Crusades (1963) Villehardouin, Geoffrey, and Jean de Joinville.


Question: Who won the Bulgarian-Latin Warfare?

The Crusades

Chronicles of the Crusades ed. by Sir Frank Marzials (2007) Outside links through Boise State University ed. by E. L. Knox, Paul Crawford, 1999 —an international organization of professional Crusade scholars —contains articles and primary sources related to the Crusades — a website about the Crusades Category:Jewish History Category:Christian History Category:History of Jerusalem Category:Islamic History Category:Religion and violence


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Al Aqsa Mosque (Arabic: المسجد الاقصى, Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa, literal meaning: “the farthest mosque”), also referred to as Baitul Maqdis or Temple (Arabic: بيت المقدس, Hebrew: בעיתהמרוקדיש, Beit Hamikdash, Beit Hamikdash), Al Haram Asy Sharif (Arabic: الحرم الشريف, al-Ḥaram ash-Sarif, “The Glorious Holy Land”, or الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-Ḥaram al-Qudsī ash-Syarīf, “Holy Land of the Glorious Jerusalem”), Temple Mount (Holy) (Hebrew: הערוהביית, Har Habáyit), is the name of a 144,000 square meter complex located in the Old City of Jerusalem.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The complex became a sanctified place by Muslims, Jews, and Christians.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

It is often confused with Jami' Al Aqsa or Al Qibli Mosque.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Jami' Al Aqsa is a blue-domed mosque that is part of the southern Al Aqsa Mosque complex, while the Masjid al-Aqsa itself is the name of the compound, which consists not only of Jami' Al Aqsa (blue-domed building) itself, but also the Dome of Shakhrah (gold-domed building) and various other sites.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

In the viewpoint of Muslims, the Prophet Muhammad was appointed to Sidratul Muntaha in the event of Isra' Mi'raj from this place after previously being brought from Al Haram Mosque in Mecca.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Al Aqsa Mosque also became the mecca of early generation Muslims up to seventeen months after the hijra until later transitioned to the Kaaba in the Masjid al-Haram.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

While according to Jewish belief, the place that is now the Al Aqsa Mosque is also believed to be the site of the establishment of the Temple in the past. [2]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Based on Jewish sources, the first temple was built by Solomon (Solomon) son of Dawud (David) in 957 BC and destroyed Babylonia in 586 BC.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The second temple was built in 516 BC and destroyed by the Roman Empire in 70 A.D. Jews and Christians also believe that the event of Abraham (Abraham) who was about to slaughter his son, Isaac, was also carried out in this place.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Al Aqsa Mosque also has close links to the prophets and figures of the Children of Israel who are also sanctified and revered in all three religions.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

During the leadership of the Ummayyad Dynasty, the caliphs ordered various constructions at the Aqsa Masjid complex which later resulted in various buildings that still survive today, among which are Jami' Al Aqsa and the Dome of Shakhrah. [3]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The dome of Shakhrah itself was completed in 692 AD, making it one of the oldest Islamic buildings in the world.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

During the victory of the Christians on the First Crusade in 1099, the management of the Masjid Aqsa got out of the hands of Muslims.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Jami' Al Aqsa was converted into a palace and named Templum Solomonis or Temple of Solomonis, while the Dome of Shakhrah was converted into a church and named Templum Domini or Temple of God. [4]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Masjid of Aqsa became one of the important emblems in Jerusalem and the image of the Dome of the Rock was imprinted in coins issued by the Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Aqsa Masjid was restored its original function after Muslims successfully took over the leadership of this complex during the time of Shalahuddin Al Ayyubi.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Thereafter, Muslims administered the Aqsa Masjid as a waqf without interruption until Israel's occupation of Jerusalem in 1967. [5]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

As part of the Old City of Jerusalem, the Israeli and Palestinian parties each declared the more entitled parties in administering the Masjid Aqsa, and this became one of the main trouble points of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. [6]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

To keep the complex within the status quo, the Israeli government established a ban on worship for non-Muslims in this place. [7] [8] [9] Etymology Literally, Al Aqsa Mosque means “the farthest mosque.”


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The name comes from the description in the Qur'an on Surah Al-Isra' verse 1 regarding Isra Mi'raj.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

“The Most Holy Who has run His servant at night from Al Haram Mosque to Al Aqsa Mosque, which is endowed around him for We show Our signs, that He is All-Hearing, All-Seeing.” —Qur'an, [Quran] The term mosque literally means “prostration place" [10] and by shara can mean all places on earth used to worship Allah [11] as the Prophet Muhammad said, “... and this earth was used to me as a place of prayer as well as a means of holy prayer (tayammum).


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

So whoever of my people comes to prayer (somewhere), let him pray (there) . “[12]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

With this sense, other monotheistic places of worship such as Solomon's Temple or Solomon's Temple are also called “mosques”. [13]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Western historians Heribert Busse and Neal Robinson argue that that is the desired interpretation. [14] [15] With this sense, the mosque is not limited to a building alone.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

For example, the area around the Kaaba was known for a long time as “Al Haram Mosque” and it was only an open field since the time the Kaaba was built and it remained so until the prophetic period.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

There is no wall surrounding it, only the buildings of the houses of the people of Mecca surrounding the courtyard, as if it were the walls. [16]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Al Haram Mosque began to take the form of a building during the time of Caliph Umar ibn Khaththab. [17]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

There is often confusion between Al Aqsa Mosque and Jami' Al Aqsa (also called Al Qibli Mosque).


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

For centuries referred to the Al Aqsa Mosque was the whole complex, [18] while Jami' Al Aqsa was a dark blue domed mosque located in the southern Al Aqsa Mosque.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

During the reign of the Ottoman Sultanate (roughly 16th century to early 1918), the complex was named Al-Haram ash-Sharif, while the name of Al Aqsa Mosque became simply pursed to Jami' Al Aqsa. [19]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Al Haram Asy Sharif itself literally means “glorious holy land.”


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

According to historian Oleg Grabar, “It is only inclined lately that the holy place of Muslims in Jerusalem is called Al Haram Asy Sharif.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Although the certainty of the early history of the term is unclear, but we know it became customary in the Ottoman period...


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Before (the time of) Ottomans, the place was usually called Al Aqsa Mosque.” [20] Another name for this place is Baitul Maqdis which literally means “Temple (House) of the Holy”.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

In Hebrew it is called Beit HaMikDash.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Another term that is also often used to refer to this place in Hebrew is Har HaBáyit, literally meaning “Temple Hill” or “Temple Hill”.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Its meaning is the Temple Hill or the Hill of the House of God.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The history of the Children of Israel The hill where Al Aqsa Mosque is located is believed to have been inhabited since the fourth millenium before AD.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

According to the Hebrew Bible, the Prophet Dawud (King David) purchased a piece of land in Jerusalem from one of the tribes of Jebus, the Kan'an tribe to build a place of worship on it.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

But the wish was only realized during the time of his son and successor, Solomon (Solomon), who later built a place of worship known as the first Temple, Solomon's Temple, or Solomon's Temple.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The exact location of this first Temple is still unknown, but it is believed to be at what is now the Al Aqsa Mosque complex.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The period of Persian rule, Hashmonayim, and Herod After Nebuchadnezzar II, King of the Babylonians, destroyed the first Temple in 586 BC, King Koresh the Great began construction of the second Temple in 538 BC.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Around 19 BC, King Herod the Great rebuilt and widened the Temple, involving up to 10,000 workers. [21]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

In 66 AD, the Jews staged a rebellion against Roman rule.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Four years later, Roman forces under the leadership of Titus Flavius Vespasianus attacked and destroyed Jerusalem along with the second Temple.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

In 130 A.D., Emperor Hadrianus promised to rebuild Jerusalem, but the Jews felt betrayed because the emperor was about to build a city based on his pagan beliefs, also about to build a temple dedicated to the worship of the Lord Jupiter in the former ruins. The second temple.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Tensions between the Roman government and the Jewish people heated up as the emperor also forbade circumcision orders that were seen as a form of mutilation for emperors who adhered to a devout Hellenic adherent.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

This culminated in a rebellion led by Simon Bar Kokhba.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

But the revolt was destroyed by the Romans in 135 A.D. As a result, the Jews were expelled from Palestine, prohibited the use of Jewish law and dating, and condemned Jews to death.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Emperor Hadrianus rebuilt the city of Jerusalem as a Roman city called Aelia Capitolina and the Jews were forbidden to enter it.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

On the other hand, Christianity began to rise and spread in the body of the Roman Empire until it eventually became the official state religion.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Emperor Constantine I Christianized Roman society and seeded it over the adoration of paganism.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Temple of Jupiter that Emperor Hadrianus built on the ruins of the second Temple was demolished soon after the Council of Nicea I by order of Constantine I. Constantine's nephew, Emperor Flavius Claudius Julianus gave permission to the Jews to return and rebuild their Temple in 363. [22 ] [23] Julianus himself saw that the Lord of the Jewish people was a suitable member of the Pantheon Gods he believed in, besides he was also a strong opponent of Christianity. [22] [24] Church historians state that the Jews began to clear the debris on the Temple Mount, but failed because of earthquakes and then the appearance of fire from within the earth. [25]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

However archaeological evidence suggests that there were church buildings, monasteries, or other public buildings that stood on the Temple Hill during the Eastern Roman dominion. [26]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Sasanian period In 610, the Persian Sasanian Empire defeated the Romans and captured Palestine.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Jewish people were authorized to establish a vassal state and begin building the Temple.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

But five years later, the Romans again took over Palestine and the Jews destroyed the temple which had not finished its construction and made the place a garbage dump. [27]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The period of the caliphate In 637, Muslims took over leadership over Jerusalem from Eastern Roman hands during the leadership of Caliph Umar bin Khathab.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The complex of temple ruins, known as Al Aqsa Mosque or Baitul Maqdis by Muslims, found Umar in an unkempt state.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Nevertheless, Umar later found the Foundation Stone for the help of Ka'b Al Ahbar, a Jew who had converted to Islam.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

This stone is believed to be the foothold point of the Prophet Muhammad ascending to the sky in the beliefs of Muslims and where the Prophet Abraham (Abraham) was about to slaughter his son, Ishaq, in the belief of the Jewish people.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Al Ahbar proposed to build a mosque to the north of the stone so that Muslims could face towards the Kaaba and the stone in a single straight line during prayer.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

But Umar rejected the idea and built a mosque south of the rock. [28]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The first known eyewitness statement comes from Arcluf who visited Al Aqsa Mosque in 670.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Based on Arcluf's statement recorded by Adomnán, he saw rectangular wooden worship buildings built on the ruins and could accommodate at least 3,000 worshippers. [29] [30] At the time of the Umayyad Caliphate, began to erect several buildings on the land of Al Aqsa Mosque.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

In 691, was erected a vaulted octagonal building that houses the Foundation Stone by Caliph Abdul Malik.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The building was then known as the Dome of Shakhrah, literally meaning stone dome.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The period of the Knights of the Cross After the victory of the Jews on the First Crusade in 1099, the leadership of Jerusalem passed to the hands of the Jews.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Muslims took refuge in Al Aqsa Mosque, but that did not help.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Gesta Francorum stated “(Our people) killed and slaughtered even in Solomon's Temple (Al Aqsa Mosque), the slaughter was so great that our people waded through blood at foot eye level.”


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Fulcher, the pastor who took part in the first Crusade, stated, “In the Temple (Holy) 10,000 people were killed.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Indeed, if you were there, you would see your feet stained with blood from the people killed to the eyes of the feet.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

But what else should I connect to?


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

None of them were left alive, neither women nor children were forgiven.”


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

[31] After these events, the Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem was established.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Jami' Al Aqsa was converted into a royal palace under the name Templum Solomonis or Temple of Solomonis (Solomon) and the Dome of Shakhrah was converted into a church under the name Templum Domini (Temple or Temple of God).


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The caliphate period and Israel The leadership of Jerusalem switched back into the hands of the Muslims in 1187 after the victory of Shalahuddin Al Ayyubi.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

All traces and traces of Christian worship in Al Aqsa Mosque were eliminated and the complex returned to its original uses.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The authority of Muslims over Al Aqsa Mosque tends to be uninterrupted to the removal of Palestinian territory from the Ottomans.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

After the Six-Day War, the Israeli government took over leadership of Jerusalem's Old City, including within it the Al Aqsa Mosque.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Chief Rabbi of the Israel Defense Forces, Shlomo Goren, led the troops through religious celebrations at Al Aqsa Mosque and the Western Wall and issued information to make the day the feast of “Yom Yerushalayim” (Jerusalem Day).


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

A few days after that, 200,000 Jews flocked to the Western Wall and this was the first mass pilgrimage of the Jews to the compound since 70 A.D. Initially Muslim authorities did not block Goren when he worshipped at Al Aqsa Mosque, until on the day of Tisha B'Av he brought fifty of his followers while carrying and introducing the shofar (Jewish trumpet) and portable ark during worship, making this seen as a stern warning to the Jerusalem Waqaf Institute that herded to the poor relations between the Israeli government and the Muslim authorities. [32]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

In June 1969, an Australian attempted to burn Jami' Al Aqsa.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

On April 11, 1982, a Jew hid in the dome of Shakhrah and opened fire, killing two Palestinians and 44 wounded.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

In 1974, 1977, and 1983, the group led by Yoel Lerner designed treason to blow up the Vaults of Shakhrah and Jami' Al Aqsa.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

On 26 January 1984, guards found members of B'nei Yehuda trying to infiltrate into the Al Aqsa Mosque area and blew it up.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

On 8 October 1990, Israeli forces patrolling the area blocked worshippers from getting into Al Aqsa.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Tear gas was fired at female worshippers causing tensions to rise.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

On October 12, 1990, Palestinian Muslims protested violently the intention of some Jews to lay cornerstones at the site of the New Shrine as a prelude to the destruction of Muslim mosques.The effort was hampered by Israeli authorities, but the protesters were widely reported to be due to have stoned the Jews in the West Tembk.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

According to Palestinian historian Rasyid Khalidi, investigative journalism suggests that these allegations are false.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Stones were eventually thrown while security forces opened fire killing 21 people and wounding 150 others.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

In December 1997, the Israel Security Agency preceded an attempt by Jewish extremists to throw a pig's head draped over the Qur'an courtyard into the area to ignite riots and embarrass the government.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Between 1992 to 1994, the Jordanian government lined the dome from the Shakhrah Dome with 5,000 gold plates.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Shalahuddin's pulpit was also restored.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

These repairs were ordered by Husain, King of Jordan, with a personal budget of as much as $8 million.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

On 28 September 2000, Israeli opposition leader Ariel Sharon visited Al Aqsa Mosque along with Likud Party envoys and a number of Israeli anti-riot police.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The visit was seen as a provocative gesture to the Palestinians who then gathered at the venue.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The demonstrations quickly turned into riots and this became the trigger for the occurrence of the Second Intifadhah.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Things heat up again when three men of Arab descent fire on two Israeli policemen on Friday, July 14, 2017.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

In response to the events, two of the men were shot dead after earlier trying to flee and carry out a closure over Al Aqsa Mosque and banning Palestinian Muslims from praying there.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Shaykh Muhammad Ahmad Husain denounced the closure and was later detained by Israeli police after leading open prayers near the scene of the case, although he was later released on bail. [33]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The important Jewish value of Al Aqsa Mosque or Temple Mount is the holiest place in Jewish belief, being the place of the presence of Divine existence more than anywhere else and being the place where the Jewish people face in prayer.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Due to its immense sanctity, many Jews deliberately did not walk on the hill itself to prevent the territory where the holy chamber was located, because under the law of the rabbi, some part of the Divine being was still in the compound. [34]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The attachment of the Jewish people to this complex can be said because of the existence of the Foundation Stone which, according to the rabbis, is the place where the world was created and developed to become what it is today.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Some Jewish traditions also state that it was the place where some important events occurred described in the Bible, such as the slaughter of Ishaq, the dream of Ya'qub, and the prayers of Ishaq and Ribka. [35]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Jewish people believe that the first and second temples stood in what is now the modern Al Aqsa Mosque complex, although archaeological evidence reveals only the existence of the second Temple. [36]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Jewish people believe that the third temple will be built in the compound of Al Aqsa Mosque by the Messiah.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

However, a number of Jewish groups advocated the construction of the third Temple without delay in order to realize “the prophetic plan of the end of the days of Israel and the whole world.”


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

[37] Christianity The existence and essential value of the Temple is mentioned in the Christian Old Testament.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

In the New Testament it is also mentioned that the second temple was the site of several important events in the life of Jesus (Prophet Jesus). [38] [39] [40] After the destruction of the Temple in 70 AD, early Christians viewed this event as a form of divine punishment to the Jewish people. [ 41] [42] The Temple Mount loses its importance for Christian worship and regards it as the fulfillment of Jesus' prophecy, for example in Matthew 23:28 or 24:2, as evidence of the fulfillment of biblical prophecy and the victory of the Christian people over the Jews. [43]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Roman Christians, despite some signs of development in the open field, [44] generally tended to overlook the Temple Mount, especially when the efforts of the Jewish people to rebuild the Temple were hindered due to the earthquake of 363, [45] which ultimately became the place of the Jewish people to rebuild the Temple was hindered due to the earthquake of 363, [45] which ultimately became the place of the municipal garbage disposal. [46]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The center of worship of Christians in Jerusalem itself was centralized to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and Jerusalem's role as the center of Christianity was replaced by Rome. [47]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Islam Al Aqsa Mosque is the third holy place of Muslims after Al Haram Mosque in Makkah and Prophet Mosque in Medina.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

In the belief of Muslims, Al Aqsa Mosque is the oldest place of worship in the world after Al Haram Mosque.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Muslim Imam delivered a hadith narrated from Abu Dzar Al-Ghifari: I asked the Messenger of Allah saw. about the mosque that was originally built on this earth.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Messenger of Allah Saw. replied, “Al-Haram Mosque.”


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

I asked, “Then which mosque?”


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Messenger of Saw. replied, “Al Aqsa Mosque.”


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

I asked, “What is the time distance between the two?”


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Messenger of Allah Saw. replied, “Forty years.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Then the whole earth of God is a place of prostration to you.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Wherever you find prayer times, then pray. “[48] [49] When the leadership of Jerusalem was taken over Muslims in 638, the Al Aqsa Mosque was in the form of rubble and garbage dumps.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Umar ibn Khathab then ordered the cleansing [50] and gave the Jews access to the compound. [51]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

It was later made the center of the Muslim area of Jerusalem because it had been abandoned by Christians, to avoid encroaching on the territory of the Christian part of Jerusalem. [52]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

In later times, the Muslim government erected several buildings in the area of Al Aqsa Mosque which used to be in the form of debris, among them is Jami' Al Aqsa in the southern part of the area.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Foundation Stone which is in the middle of the complex was closed with the building which later became the Dome of Shakhrah (literally meaning the Dome of the Rock).


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Maimunah binti Sa'ad in his hadith about making a pilgrimage to Al Aqsa Mosque mentions, “O Prophet Allah, give me a fatwa about Baitul Maqdis.”


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Prophet said, “The place where he was gathered and spread (man).


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

So he came and prayed therein, because praying in it was like the prayer of 1,000 rak'ahs in all others.”


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Maimunah said again, “What if I can't?”


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

“Then give oil for its illumination.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Whoever gives it is as if he has come to him. “[53] [54] [55] The complex also has attachments to prophets and important figures who were also revered and sanctified by Muslims, such as Ibrahim (Abraham), Dawud (David), Solomon (Solomon), Zakariyya, Yahya (John the Baptist), Mary (Mary), and Jesus (Jesus).


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Isra' Mi'raj Isra Mi'raj is the journey that Muhammad took from Al Haram Mosque to Al Aqsa Mosque, and then ascended to heaven. [56] [57] In the book of Shaheh Bukhari it is explained that Muhammad on that journey drove Al-Buraq [58] and upon arrival there he prayed two rak'ahs in the Temple Hill.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

After it was over, the angel Gabriel took him up to heaven, where he met several other prophets, and then received a command from Allah that set the obligation for Muslims to perform the prayer five times each day. [59] [60] He then returned to Mecca.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The first Qibla The important history of the Al Aqsa Mosque in Islam also gained further emphasis, because Muslims when praying once crossed in the direction of Al Aqsa for fourteen or seventeen months [61] after the event of their hijra to Medina in 624. [62]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

According to Allamah Thabathaba'i, God prepared Muslims for the displacement of the qibla, first of all by revealing the story of Ibrahim and his son Ismail, their prayers for the Kaaba and Mecca, their efforts to establish Baitullah (Kaaba), as well as the order of clearing it for use as a place of worship to God.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Then the verses of the Qur'an commanding Muslims to face the Mosque of Al Haram in their prayers. [59]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The change in the direction of the Qibla was the reason Umar ibn Khattab, one of Khulafaur Rasyidin, did not pray facing the Foundation Stone or Ash Shakhrah on the Temple Mount or construct a building around it; although when Umar arrived there in 638, he recognized the stone as believed as the place where Muhammad began his journey ascending to heaven.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

This is because based on Islamic jurisprudence, once the Qibla direction has moved, Kab'ah in Mecca has become more important than the place of Ash Shakhrah stone on the Temple Mount. [63]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Based on narrations commonly known in the Islamic tradition, Umar entered Jerusalem after his conquest in 638.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

He was told of having a conversation with Ka'ab Al-Ahbar, a Jew who had converted to Islam and came with him from Medina, about the best place to build a mosque.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Al Ahbar suggested that the mosque be built behind ash-Shakhrah stone “... then the whole of Al-Quds (be) in front of you”.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Umar replied, “Ka'ab, you have imitated the Jewish teachings”. [64]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

However, soon after this conversation Umar with his robes began to clear the place that had been filled with such garbage and debris.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Similarly the Muslims of his followers participated in cleaning the place.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Umar then established prayers at a place believed to be the place of Muhammad's prayer at the time of Isra Mi'raj, and Umar at that place recited Qur'anic verses from Surah Sad. [63]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Therefore, based on this history, Umar is considered to have repurposed the site as a mosque. [65]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Given the sanctity of the Temple Mount, as a place believed to have been used for prayer by Abraham, Dawud, and Solomon, then Umar established a small house of worship in the southern corner of the area.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

He cautiously avoided that the stone of Ash Shakhrah was not located in a straight line between the mosque and the Kaaba, so that Muslims would face Mecca only when they prayed. [63]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The religious status of JMPL|Ka|picture on the wall of a house in Tunisia, displays three Islamic holy places.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Jerusalem by many Muslims is considered a holy place, according to their interpretation of the holy verses of the Qur'an and various hadists.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Abdallah El Khatib argues that there are approximately seventy places in the Qur'an where Jerusalem is mentioned implied. [66]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Jerusalem is also often mentioned in Hadith books.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Some academics argue that Jerusalem's sanctity status may have been influenced by the increasing spread of a certain kind of literary genre, namely Al Fadhail (the history of the cities); thus inspired Jews, particularly during the Umayyad period, raised the city's sanctity status beyond its status according to scripture. [67]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Other academics questioned the existence of political motives of the Umayyad Dynasty, so Jerusalem was then considered sacred to Muslims. [68]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Medieval manuscripts, as well as the political writings of the modern era, tend to place Al Aqsa Mosque as the third holy place for Muslims. [69]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

As an example, the book Sahih Bukhari quotes Abu Hurayrah of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, who said, “Do not be incriminating (you) except to three mosques namely Al-Haram Mosque, Mosque of the Messenger of SAW, and Al Aqsa Mosque. “[70]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

In addition, the Organization of the Islamic Conference (whose founding reason was “to liberate Al Aqsa from [Israeli] Zionist occupation”) called the Al Aqsa Mosque in a resolution condemning Israel's actions on the city, as the third holiest place for Muslims. [71]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Parts of Al Aqsa Mosque The overall area of the Al Aqsa Mosque complex is about 144,000 square meters and can accommodate 400,000 worshippers.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Some of the buildings contained within Al Aqsa Mosque are: Al Qibli Mosque or Jami' Al Aqsa Masjid Al Qibli (Arab:المسجد القِبلي) or Jami' Al Aqsa (Arab:الجامع الاقصى) is a place of prayer located in the southern Al Aqsa Mosque.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

A distinctive feature of the building is its grayish-blue dome.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The area of the building is about 35,000 square meters and can accommodate about 5,000 worshippers.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

There are some opinions related to the time when the Al Qibli or Jami' Al Aqsa Mosque was first built.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The most popular opinion is that Jami' Al Aqsa is where Umar ibn Khaththab performed worshippers prayers during a visit to Jerusalem and Umar also ordered the erection of the building. [19] [28] [63] At first Umar deliberately not to make the Dome of Shakhrah, the mihrab of Jami' Al Aqsa, and The Kaaba is not on one straight line.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

But as Jami' Al Aqsa was rebuilt by the Umayyad Caliphate, the mihrab of the mosque was shifted 40 meters to the west so that the mihrab of the mosque was in line with the Dome of Shakhrah in the north and the Kaaba in the south.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The old mihrab within the mosque is named “mihrab Umar.”


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Architectural historian, Sir Archibal Creswell, referring to the opinion of a Gallic monk named Arculf who made a pilgrimage to Palestine in 679—682, argues that Umar bin Khaththab may have been the one who first erected a rectangular building with a capacity of 3,000 worshippers somewhere in Al Aqsa comples.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Even so, it is possible that it was Muawiyah, the second caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty, who actually ordered the construction and not Umar.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

This latter opinion is supported by the writings of the early Jerusalem cleric Al-Mutahhar ibn Tahir Al-Maqdisi. [72]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

After the First Crusade, the Crusaders occupied Jerusalem and took control of Al Aqsa Mosque in 1099.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Jami' Al Aqsa or Al Qibli Mosque was converted into a royal palace under the name Templum Solomonis or Temple of Solomonis (Solomon).


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Jami' Al Aqsa functions were restored as originally after Shalahuddin Al Ayyubi took over leadership of Jerusalem following Al Aqsa Mosque after his victory on the Second Crusade.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Shakhrah Dome of Shakhrah Dome or Dome of the Rock (Arab:قبة الصخرة, Qubbat Ash Shakhrah; English: Dome of the Rock) is a gold-domed eight-domed square shaped building that stands in the central Al Aqsa Mosque.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The building is thought to have been built during the time of the Bani Umayyad Caliph Abdul Malik and his son, Al Walid I. According to Sibt Ibn Jauzi, the construction of the Dome of Shakhrah began as early as 687.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The building was briefly a church called Templum Domini (Temple or Temple of the Lord) during under the leadership of the Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

This building houses a stone (shakhrah) which in Jewish belief is called Even Ha-shtiyya or the Foundation Stone and becomes the holiest place in Jewish belief.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Jews all over the world pray facing this stone.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The stone is also believed to be the place where the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) was about to sacrifice his son, Ishaq.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

While in the opinion of some scholars, this stone is also the point that the Prophet Muhammad stepped [73] towards the heavens during the event of Isra' Mi'raj.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Mushala Al Marwani Mushala Al Marwani (Arabic:المصلى المرواني) is a 500 square meter basement used as a place of prayer.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

It is located in the southeastern Al Aqsa Mosque.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

It began to be used as a place of prayer in December 1996 by adding lighting and tiles.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Mushala Al Marwani became the widest prayer place in Al Aqsa Mosque, even surpassing Jami' Al Aqsa itself, with capacity reaching 10,000 worshippers.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

During the Crusader occupation, it was named “Solomon's (Solomon's) stables.”


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The name Solomon refers to the Temple believed to have been built by Solomon (Solomon) in the compound, while the 'stable' refers to its function as stables by the Crusaders during the time of Baldwin, King of Jerusalem who ruled in AD 1118—1131. [74] According to Jordanian researcher, Raef Joseph Najm, Mushala Al Marwani used to be a water shelter built during the time of Hadrianus, Roman Emperor, in the second century. [75]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Dome of the Ascension (Mi'raj) Mi'raj Dome (Arabic: قبة المعراج, Qubbat Al Mi'raj; English: Dome of the Ascension) is a self-contained dome standing to the north of the Dome of Shakhrah.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The building was erected by the Crusaders as part of the Templum Domini, very possibly used for the place of baptism.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Arabic documents dated 1200-1201 state that this building was rededicated to waqf. [76] [77] The Genealogical Dome of the Genealogical Dome or Chain Dome (Arabic: قبة السلسلة, Qubbat As Genealogy; English: Dome of the Chain) is a self-contained dome standing east of the Dome of Shakhrah.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The dome was erected in 691 by the Umayyad Caliph, Abdul Malik. [78] [79] There is no known early usefulness of this dome. [80]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

During the time of the Crusader occupation, it became a chapel dedicated to St. James who is believed to have fallen at this point.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Now this place is a mushala for Muslims.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Before it was rebuilt by the Umayyad Caliphate, the location of the Kaaba, the mihrab of Jami' Al Aqsa, and what is now the Genealogical Dome were in one straight line.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Dome of the Prophet's Dome (Arabic: فبة النبي) or Dome of Jibril is a self-contained dome located in the northside Al Aqsa Mosque and is used more as a symbolic monument than a religious building.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The dome was erected in 1538 by Muhammad Bey, Governor of Jerusalem during the Ottomans. [81] [82] Some state that the Prophet's Dome was where the Prophet Muhammad stood inhabited the Prophets in prayer during the Isra' Mi'raj event.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Al Mawazin Al Mawazin are eight self-standing gates that stand around the Dome of the Rock.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Each gate consists of two to four arches.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Islamic Museum This Islamic Museum stands near Jami' Al Aqsa.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

It became a meeting hall for Madrasah Fakhruddin Muhammad, a madrasah founded during the time of Al Mansur Qalawun, the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, in 1282 A.D. It was later made a museum in 1923.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Some of the objects on display in the museum are large copper soup kettles once used in Haseki Sultan Imaret, a public kitchen for the papa founded by Hürrem Sultan, consort of Suleiman Al Qanuni, the Ottoman Sultan.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Here are also displayed a marker cannon for the time of breaking the Ramadan fast, several weapons collections, and the remains of a pulpit that Nururuddin Zangi built around 1170 and destroyed by Australian tourists in 1969, and blood-stained clothes belonging to 17 Palestinians killed in the Al riots Aqsa in 1990. [83]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The museum also displays six hundred copies of the Al Qur'an donated to Al Aqsa Mosque during the reign of the Umayyads, Abbasids, Fatimiyyads, Mamluks, and Ottomans.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Qayt Bay Fountain Qayt Bay Fountain is a public fountain located in the western Aqsa Masjid, [79] fifty meters west of Shakhrah Dome. [84]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The fountain was built in 1455 by order of Al Ashraf Saifuddin Enal, Sultan of Egypt, and rebuilt by his successor, Sultan Qayt Bay.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Qasim Pasya Fountain The Qasim Pasya Fountain (Arabic: سبيل قاسم باشا), also known as the Bitter Orange Fountain, is an ablution and drinking fountain located in the western courtyard of Al Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem's Old City.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The building is located in front of the Genealogical Gate. [79]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Ottoman Jerusalem, in 1527 and became the first public building in the Al Aqsa Mosque complex during the reign of the Ottoman Turks.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The gates The order of the gate of the Masjid Aqsa is counter-clockwise.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Asbat Gate (Bab Al Asbat) is in the northeastern part of the Masjid al-Aqsa.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Gate of Forgiveness (Bab Al Huttah) is in the northern part of Al Aqsa Mosque.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Gate of Darkness (Bab Al Asim) is in the northern part of Al Aqsa Mosque.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Bani Ghanim Gate (Bab Al Ghawanima) is in the northwestern part of Al Aqsa Mosque.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Palace Gate (Bab As Saray) is in the northern part of the western wall.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Assembly Gate (Bab Al Majlis), known also as the Gate of the Examiner (Bab An Nazir), is in the northern part of the western wall.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Iron Gate (Bab Al Hadid), is in the western part of Al Aqsa Mosque.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Cotton Merchants' Gate (Bab Al Qattanin), was built by the leader of Damascus, Tankiz, during the reign of Ibnul Qawun, the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

*This gate is the closest place one can approach on the Foundation Stone without setting foot on the hill, so it is a place that Jews often visit to worship.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Gate of Purgatory (Bab Al Matharah), is in the western part of Al Aqsa Mosque.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Salam Gate (Bab As Salam) or Sakina Gate (Bab As Sakina), is in the central part of the western wall of Al Aqsa.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Chain Gate or Genealogical Gate (Bab As Genealogy), is in the western part of Al Aqsa.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Moorish Gate or Mughrabi Gate, is in the western part of Al Aqsa.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The mosque's minaret has four minarets on the south, north, and west sides. [85]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The first minaret, known as Al Fakhariyyah, was built in 1278 in the southwestern part of the mosque by order of the Mamluk sultan, Lajin.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The tower is built in the traditional Syrian style, with the cornerstone and shaft of the building in square shape, as well as divided into three floors by ornamental mouldings.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

At its top there are two rows of muqarnas (ornamental niches) as decorations for the balcony of the muazin.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

This ornamental niche is encompassed by a square cubicle at the top of which there is a tin plated stone dome. [86] JMPL|ka|Al Ghawanimah Tower, 1900.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The second tower, known as Al Ghawanimah, was built on the northwest side of the Al Aqsa complex in 1297—1298 by architect Qadi Sharafuddin Al Khalili, by order of Sultan Lajin.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The tower is 37 meters high [86] and is almost entirely made of stone, apart from a wooden canopy located above the muazin balcony.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Due to the sturdy structure of the building, Al Ghawanimah tower was almost unaffected by the various earthquakes that occurred.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The tower is divided into several levels by stone mouldings and galleries with ornate shapes resembling stalactites.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The first two levels are wider in size and become the cornerstone of the tower.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The four levels are further encompassed by cylindrical shaped rooms and a round dome.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The staircase for the first two floors is located outside the building, but the rundown becomes a spiral inner staircase from the third floor to reach the balcony of the muazin. [87]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Tankiz, the Mamluk governor of Syria, in 1329 ordered the construction of a third tower known as Bab As Pedigree.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The tower is located on the west side of Jami' Al Aqsa.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

This tower, which was probably built to replace an earlier Umayyad tower, was built in a square shape according to the traditional Syrian style and made entirely of stone. [88]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Based on the old tradition of local Muslims the best muazins perform azan from this tower, because the first call for each beginning of the five-time prayer is always gathered from here. [86]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The Wailing Wall of the Wailing Wall is the western wall of the Al Aqsa Mosque whose origin was built after the expansion of the second Temple.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

This wall is seen as holy because it is the remaining part of the ancient wall that was part of the second temple. [89] [90] It became a place of prayer for the Jewish people.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

This wall is also called Buraq Wall because it is believed that the buraq is tethered to the events of isra' mi'raj.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The current state of the Jordanian Waqf Ministry Administration held control over Al Aqsa Mosque until the Six-Day War in 1967.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

After winning the war, Israel handed over power of the mosque and the Temple Mount to an Islamic waqf institution independent of Israeli rule.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

However, the Israel Defense Forces are allowed to patrol and conduct searches in the area of the mosque.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

After the 1969 burning, the waqf institute employed architects, technicians, and craftsmen on a committee to perform maintenance.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

To counterbalance various Israeli policies and the growing presence of Israeli security forces around this site since the al-Aqsa Intifadhah, the Islamic Movement in cooperation with waqf agencies has sought to increase Muslim control within the Al Aqsa Mosque neighborhood.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Some of its activities include refurbishing and renovating neglected buildings. [91]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Currently, the main imam and caretaker of Al Aqsa Mosque is Muhammad Ahmad Hussein.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

He was appointed Grand Mufti of Jerusalem in 2006 by Palestinian President Mahmud Abbas. [92]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Other imams include Shaykh Yusuf Abu Sneina, the previous Mufti of Palestine Shaikh Ikrimah Sa'id Sabri, as well as former Al Aqsa Imam Shaikh Muhammad Abu Shusha who now lives in Amman, Jordan.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Ownership of Al Aqsa Mosque is one of the issues in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Israel claims power over the mosque as well as the entire Temple Mount, but Palestinians hold guardianship unofficially through waqf institutions.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

During negotiations at the 2000 Camp David Meeting, Palestinians requested full ownership of this mosque as well as other Islamic holy sites located in East Jerusalem. [93]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Temporary Access All Israeli citizens who are Muslim are allowed to enter and worship at Al Aqsa Mosque, Israel at certain times stipulates strict restrictions on access to mosques for Jews, Palestinian Muslims living in the West Bank or Gaza Strip, or restrictions based on age for Palestinians and Israeli citizens of Arab descent, such as giving entry permits only to men who have been married and are at least 40 or 50 years old.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Arab women are sometimes also restricted with respect to their marital status and age.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Israel's rationale for such restrictions is that Palestinian men who are elderly and have married tend to “not cause trouble”, [94] which is that securitily speaking they are more not at risk.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Many rabbis, including the chief rabbis of Israel since 1967, have decided that Jews should not walk on the Temple Mount because there is a possibility that they stepped on Kodesh Hakodashim, which is the location considered the holiest of Jews. [95]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Restrictions from the Israeli government only forbid Jewish prayer on the Temple Mount, but still allow Jews and other non-Muslims to visit at certain hours during certain days of the week.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Some rabbis and Jewish leaders have made demands that Jews be allowed to pray in that place on Jewish holidays. [96]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Although the Supreme Court of Israel has endorsed the right to pray in individuals (not in groups), in practice the Israeli police forbid Jews to pray “overtly in any form also on the Temple Mount, even if they only move their lips when they only move their lips when pray”. [97]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Al Aqsa Intifada On September 28, 2000, Ariel Sharon and members of the Likud Party along with 1,000 armed guards, paid a visit to Al Aqsa.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

This made a large group of Palestinians come to protest the visit.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

After Sharon and the Likud Party members left the site, the demonstration erupted into riots and a group of Palestinians who were in Al Aqsa began throwing stones and other objects at Israeli riot police.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Police fired tear gas and rubber bullets at the crowd of protesters, injuring 24 people.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The visit sparked a five-year Palestinian people's resistance movement, commonly referred to as the Al Aqsa Intifada. [98]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

On 29 September, the Israeli government deployed 2,000 riot police to this mosque.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

A group of Palestinians who left the mosque after Friday prayers began pelting police with stones.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Police then stormed the mosque compound as well as firing both sharp bullets and rubber bullets at the Palestinian group, thus falling victim to four dead and about 200 others injured. [99]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Excavations Several excavations in the Al Aqsa Mosque area occurred throughout the 1970s. In 1970, the Israeli government began intensive excavation directly under the mosque on its southern and western sides.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

In 1977, excavations continued and a large tunnel was opened under the women's worship room, as well as a new tunnel was dug under the mosque, leading from east to west in 1979.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

In addition, the Department of Archaeology which is under the Israeli Ministry of Religious Affairs, also excavated a tunnel near the west side of the mosque in 1984. [100]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

In February 2007, the Department began an excavation site in search of archaeological relics at a site where the government wanted to rebuild a collapsed crossing bridge.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The site is 60 metres from the mosque. [101]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

The excavations sparked outrage in many Islamic world countries, and Israel was accused of having tried to destroy the mosque's foundation.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Ismail Haniya, then-Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority and leader of Hamas, [102] called for Palestinians to unite in opposing the exhumation, whereas Fatah stated that they would end their ceasefire with Israel. [103]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Israel denied all the allegations, and called it a “ludicrous” one. [104]


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Photo Holyland Model Jerusalem Al Mawazin Al Mawazin Al Mawazin Genealogical Dome Vaults of Prophet Fountain Qasim Pasya Entrance of Islamic museum Shakhrah Dome seen from Cotton Merchants Gate Mughrabi Gate Wailing Wall Viewed from southeast direction Panorama Footnotes List of libraries See also Jami' Al-Aqsa or Al Qibli Mosque, the blue-domed mosque that stands in the Al Aqsa Mosque south of the Shakhrah Dome, the gold-domed building that stands in the Al Aqsa Mosque central part of the Wailing Wall, the wall that is in the western Al Aqsa Mosque.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Used for places of worship of the Jewish people.


Question: When was Al-Aqsa Mosque established?

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Mosque of Umar (Jerusalem), mosque in memory of the takeover of Jerusalem leadership to Muslims in the time of Umar Category:Mountains in Jerusalem Category:Mosques in Israel Category:Jerusalem


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Ibn Khaldun, full name: Abu Zayd 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Khaldun al-Hadrami (عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي) () was a Muslim historian from Tunisia and often referred to as the founding father of historiography, sociology and economic sciences.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

His famous work is Muqaddimah (Introduction).


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

The man born in Tunisia on 1 Ramadan 732 H./27 May 1332 M. is known as a historian and father of Islamic sociology who memorized the Koran from an early age.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

As an expert on Islamic politics, he is also known as the father of Islamic Economics, because his thoughts on logical and realistic economic theories have been put forward before Adam Smith (1723-1790) and David Ricardo (1772-1823) put forward his economic theories.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Even when entering his teens, his writings were already spreading everywhere.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Ibn Khaldun's writings and thoughts were born because of his deep studies, observations of various peoples known to him with vast knowledge and knowledge, and he lived in their midst in his vast wanderings.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

The life history of Ibn Khaldun's Life is well documented, as he wrote an autobiography (التعريف بابن خلدون ورحلته غربا وشرقا, at-Ta'rīf bi-ibn Khaldūn wa-Riṣtrain Gharban wa-Sharqan [1]) in which many documents concerning his life are cited per word of his life are cited per word of his life.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Abdurahman bin Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Abdurahman bin Ibn Khaldun, known as “Ibn Khaldun”, was born in Tunisia in 1332 AD (732 H.) coming from an upper-class Andalusian family of Arab descent.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

The ancestor of the family had kinship with Waíl ibn Hujr, a friend of the Prophet Muhammad.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Ibn Khaldun's family had many offices in Andalusia, emigrating to Tunisia after the fall of Sevilla to the Reconquista in 1248.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Under the rule of the Hafsiyun dynasty several of his family held political office; but Ibn Khaldun's father and grandfather withdrew from political life and joined the mystical order.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

His brother, Yahya Khaldun, was also a historian who wrote a book about the Abdalwadid dynasty, and he was killed by his rival, a historiographer. [2]


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

In his autobiography, Ibn Khaldun traces his descent back to the time of the Prophet Muhammad through Arab tribes from Yemen, particularly the Hadramauts, who came to the Iberian Peninsula in the eighth century at the beginning of the Islamic conquest.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

In his own words: “And our descendants come from Hadramaut, from the Arabs of Yemen, through Wa'il ibn Hujr also known as Hujr bin Adi, from the best Arabs, famous and respected.”


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

(Page 2429, Al-Waraq edition).


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

However, biographer Mohammad Enan questions his claim, pointing out that his family was a Muladi who pretended to be of Arab origin in order to gain social status. [3]


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Enan also mentions a well-documented past tradition, concerning certain Berber groups, in which they carefully “augment” themselves into some Arab ancestry.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

This kind of motive is for the desire to achieve political and community power.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Some speculate about this Khaldun family; Among them it explains that Ibn Khaldun himself was the product of the same Berber ancestry as the majority of the natives of his birthplace.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Islamic scholar Muhammad Hozien argues that “False [Berber] identities would prevail but by the time Ibn Khaldun's ancestors left Andalusia and moved to Tunisia they did not change their claim to Arab ancestry.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Even when the Berbers were in power, Al-Marabats and al-Mowahid Reigns, and Ibn Khaldun did not reclaim their Berber heritage”.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Ms. Khaldun's tracing of her own genealogy and surname is considered the most powerful indication of Yemeni Arab ancestry.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Ibn Khaldun's other works of high value include At-Ta'riif bi Ibn Khaldun (an autobiographical book, an account of his historical book); Muqaddimah (a prelude to kitabu al-'Ibar which is sociological-historical, and philosophical); Lubab al-Muhassal fi Ushul ad-Diin ( a book on the problems and opinions of theology, which is a compendium of the book of Muhassal Afkaar al-Mutaqaddimiin wa al-Muta'akh-khiriin by Imam Fakhruddin ar-Razi).


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

DR.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Bryan S. Turner, professor of sociology at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland in his article “The Islamic Review & Arabic Affairs” in the 1970s commented on the works of Ibn Khaldun.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

He stated, “The social and historical writings of Ibn Khaldun are only the only ones of the intellectual tradition accepted and recognized in the Western world, especially those of sociologists in English (who wrote his works in English).”


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

One of the most prominent and popular writings is the muqaddimah (introduction) which is the most important book on social science and is still being studied today.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

In fact the book has been translated in many different languages.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Here Ibn Khaldun analyzes the so-called 'social symptoms' with his reasonable methods that we can see that he mastered and understood the social symptoms.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

In chapters two and three, he talks about the symptoms that distinguish between primitive society and modern society and how the system of government and political affairs in society are.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Chapters two and fourth talk about the symptoms related to how people gather and explain the influence of factors and geographic environment on these symptoms.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Chapters four and fifth, describes the economy in individuals, communities and countries.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

While the sixth chapter talks about paedagogic, science and knowledge and tools.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

It is amazing that a work in the 14th century with complete illustrations of sociology, history, economics, science and knowledge.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

He has explained the form and disappearance of states with a theory of history.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Ibn Khaldun strongly believed once, that basically the countries stood dependent on the first generation (the founder of the state) who had the determination and strength to establish the state.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Then, it was overtaken by the second generation that enjoyed the stability and prosperity that the first generation left behind.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Then, there will come a third generation that grows towards tranquility, pleasure, and being persuaded by matter so that little by little spiritual buildings are weakened and the country is destroyed, both due to internal weakness and because of the attacks of powerful enemies from the outside who are always keep an eye on his weakness.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Because of his brilliant thoughts Ibn Khaldun is seen as the foundation of Islamic social and political sciences.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

The basic Quranic education applied by his father made Ibn Khaldun understand Islam, and was keen to seek knowledge other than Islamic sciences.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

As a Muslim and hafidz of the Koran, he upholds the greatness of the Koran.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

As said by him, “Know that Quranic education includes religious shiar accepted by Muslims throughout the Islamic world.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Therefore, Quranic education can seep into the heart and strengthen faith.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

And the teaching of the Koran should take precedence before developing other sciences.”


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

The relics of Ibn Khaldun first came to the attention of the Western world in 1697, when a biography of him appeared in the Bibliothèque Orientale Barthélemy d'Herbelot de Molainville.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Ibn Khaldun began to gain more attention in 1806, when Silvestre de Sacy's Chrestomathie Arabe included his biography along with a translation of parts of the Muqaddimah as Prolegomena. [4]


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

In 1816, de Sacy again published a biography with a more detailed description of Prolegomena.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Further details about and partial translations of Prolegomena appeared over the years until a complete Arabic edition was published in 1858.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Since then, Ibn Khaldun's work has been widely studied in the Western world with special interest.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

British historian Arnold J. Toynbee referred to Muqaddimah as “a philosophy of history that is undoubtedly the greatest work of its kind ever created by any mind anytime or anywhere. “[5]


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

The English philosopher Robert Flint wrote the following about Ibn Khaldun: “As a theorist of history, he was by no means equal in any age or country until Vico appeared, more than three hundred years later.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Plato, Aristotle, and Augustine were not their peers, and All the others are not worthy to be named with him”.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Abderrahmane Lakhsassi wrote: “No historian of the Arab Maghrib especially the Berber people can do something without its historical contribution.”


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

The anthropologist British philosopher Ernest Gellner considered the definition of government by Ibn Khaldun as “an institution that prevents injustice”, as the best in the history of political theory. [6]


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Egon Orowan, who created the concept of socionomy, was influenced by Ibn Khaldun's ideas about the evolution of society. [7]


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Arthur Laffer, who named the curve Laffer, notes that, among other things, some of Ibn Khaldun's ideas inspired it. [8]


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

In 2004, the Tunisian Community Center launched the first Ibn Khaldun Award as a highly educated/educated Tunisian/American achiever whose work reflects Ibn Khaldun's ideas of kinship and solidarity.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

The award is named after Ibn Khaldun because he is universally recognized as the Father of Sociology and also for the convergence of his ideas with the aims and programs of the organization.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

In 2006, the Atlas Economic Research Foundation launched an annual essay contest for students named in Ibn Khaldun's honour.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

The theme of the contest is “how individuals, think tanks, universities and entrepreneurs can influence government policy to allow free markets to flourish and improve the lives of their citizens based on Islamic teachings and traditions.”


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

In 2006, Spain commemorated the 600th anniversary of Ibn Khaldun's death.


Question: Who is Ibn Kaldhun?

Ibn Khaldun

Category:Muslim Scholar Category:Tunisian Figures Category:Historian Category:Economists Category:Philosophers


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Tintin and the Alpha-Art (French: Tintin et l'alph-art) is the 24th and final book of the Tintin Adventure series, created by Belgian comics artist Hergé.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

The book was very different from the previous books in terms of storylines and topics, including in it storytelling style, as Hergé had lost the passion to create new stories again in the Tintin series.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Hergé worked on this last book until his death in 1983, and it was published after he died (even if the status was still unfinished) in 1986 by Casterman who worked together with La Fondation Hergé, and republished in 2004 with additional material.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

History In 1976, a few months after the publication of the book Tintin and Picaros, Hergé informed Numa Sadoul, a journalist and author, that he was thinking about Tintin's next adventure - taking place entirely in an airport departure lounge.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

This idea was ultimately abandoned, and in 1978, he decided to write the story taking the background of the modern art world (modern art).


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Hergé has begun to saturate with his creation of it.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Under pressure on him to create new adventure stories and as an attempt to reawaken his love of the writing and portrayal of the Tintin Adventures, Hergé chose to incorporate his love of grand (avant-garde) artwork into his storylines.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

He was inspired by the criminal career journey of Fernand Legros and Elmyr de Hory in terms of fake paintings, and combined them with other elements, namely a new creed sect and his fake teacher.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

He planned to feature Rastapopoulos as the main villain, but according to Harry Thompson, he abandoned the idea in 1980 when he introduced elements of alphabet art (the alphabet art).


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

The Storyline begins with Captain Haddock getting a nightmare of being visited by Bianca Castafiore who forces him to drink her “cure” (a bottle of Loch Lomond whisky).


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

When he rejects her, as a result of events that occurred in the previous book, Bianca Castafiore transforms into a giant bird creature and then attacks Captain Haddock.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Luckily, Tintin managed to wake that friend up.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Coincidentally, Tintin then receives a call from the original Bianca Castafiore telling her she is in Belgium for a few days.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

The singer also said regarding a man she was with, Endaddine Akass, who was a well-known psychic.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

While being in town, Captain Haddock sees Castafiore on the road, and to avoid him, the captain runs into the Fourcart Gallery, meeting the great painter Ramó Nash and the gallery owner, Henri Fourcart.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Henri shows his interest in meeting with Tintin.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Haddock then purchased a letter “H” made of acylic glass (Personalph-Art).


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Back at Marlinspike Hall, Captain Haddock and Tintin watch the news that their old friend, Emir Ben Kalish Ezab, plans to buy Windsor Castle from the British government and the Beaubourg Centre (Pompidou).


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

This news was followed by reports regarding the suspicious death of an art expert Jacques Monastir who allegedly drowned off the coast of Ajaccio.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

The next morning, Tintin hears the news that Henri Fourcart was killed in a car accident.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Tintin visited the Fourcart Gallery to, as a journalist, ask him a few things.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

He was met by Martine Vandezande, a gallery assistant, who discussed the death of the gallery's owner.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Their conversation was recorded by a tape recorder hidden under the checkout desk.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Tintin then came to the Garage de l'Avenir in Leignault where a mechanic informed him where Henri Fourcart had an accident.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Tintin went to the spot shown was riding his motorcycle as he was stalked by a black Mercedes car.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

In this romp Tintin realizes that Henri Fourcart turned out to be murdered, not a car accident as it seems.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

An assassination attempt on Tintin failed to occur.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

He returned to Marlinspike Hall and recounted the events that befell him that day to Captain Haddock.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

The next morning Tintin came back to the gallery and accused Ms Vendezande of contacting the men who attacked him the day before that he was going to Leignault.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

When the woman cries, Tintin realizes that he was completely honestly not involved in it.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Later, Tintin engaged in a brief talk with Mrs Laijot, an accountant, before leaving the gallery.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

On the way, Tintin sees a poster on the street advertising the “Health and Magnetic Power” conference hosted by Endaddine Akass.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

The paranormal appears in the poster to be wearing a pendant similar to the one Ms Vendezande wore.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

His evening, Tintin and Captain Haddock visit the conference where they meet Thomson and Thompson as well as Mister Sakharine (a figure from the Secret book of the Unicorn Ship).


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

In that conference, Captain Haddock interrupts the course of the session of the event due to coughing, while Tintin recognizes Akass's voice as the voice of the person he once knew, but cannot refer with certainty who that person was.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Tintin and Captain Haddock later meet Miss Vandezande as she leaves the conference.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Tintin said that he began to be able to design what was going on.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

The next morning he tells Miss Vandezande about his plan to uncover who the real villain is.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

At night, Tintin arrives at an old Fréaux factory, carrying a red light.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

An informant he had planned to meet demonstrated his whereabouts by flashing his lights.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Tintin turns on his glue to reply to the code but suddenly he is shot at by an unknown person.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

He managed to get away and eventually managed to ambush two men who attacked him.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

However, while asking them to surrender, Tintin is counter-attacked and hit in the head, causing Tintin to fall unconscious.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

When he woke up, Tintin had been in the hospital with Captain Haddock at his bedside.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Tintin explained that there was a micro-transmitter inside the pendant Ms Vandezande wore, and concluded that the communication wave connection must have been in close proximity.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

The next morning Tintin departs for the Fourcart Gallery (contrary to the doctor's orders to rest) and visits each of the apartment tenants in the apartment complex where the gallery is located.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

He visited them under the guise of conducting a survey on solar power.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Tintin recognizes one of them as Akass's assistant in a conference he attends.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

The person drove Tintin away and then called someone while saying “Tintin must be cleaned up”.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

The next day Tintin was motorcycling towards the Marlinspike Hall estate when suddenly several people in a car chased him.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

They opened fire on Tintin causing the motorcycle to skid out of the street and hit a tree.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

The men then checked to see if Tintin had been killed but were unable to find his body.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Captain Haddock who heard the sounds of gunfire arrived at the scene with his car.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Tintin descended from his hiding place: behind the dense leaves of trees.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Tintin, Captain Haddock and Professor Calculus then sat discussing around a table.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Tintin concludes that all the events that have happened in recent times relate around Endaddine Akass, and they should know more about the paranormal self.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Remembered of a phone conversation with Bianca Castafiore, Tintin decides to go to Ischia Island where Akass has a rest home.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Upon arriving there, Tintin, Snowy and Captain Haddock settle into watching the Akass rest house.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

They then saw Ramó Nash.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Finished investigating the rest house, Tintin receives a dark phone call threatening him to leave the island immediately.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Another time, Captain Haddock receives a call from Bianca Castafiore who learns of their whereabouts on the island and invites them to the rest house, informing them that Akass is going to Rome for a few days.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

The next day Tintin and Captain Haddock arrive at the house, and are instantly introduced by Bianca Castafiore to her friends: Angelina Sordi, Mister Gibbons (from the Blue Lotus book) and Mister Trickler (from the book The Statue of Ears Split), Emir Ben Kalish Ezab (from the book Land of Black Gold), Luigi Randazzo (a singer) and Ramó Nash.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

They both stay overnight at the house at Castafiore's duress.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

At midnight Tintin heard rowdy noises and saw outside the window some men were putting canvases into a van.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

Because of his great curiosity, he then investigated the rest house.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

In a large room, he found paintings of the world's famous painters — Modigliani, Léger, Renoir, Picasso, Gauguin and Monet — which turned out to be all fake paintings.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

While looking through the counterfeit items, Tintin is caught off guard by Akass who admits giving the order to “eliminate” Monastir and Fourcart.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

It also said that Tintin should be “lost” as well because he already knew too much.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Tintin and Alpha-Art?

Tintin and Alpha-Art

To kill him, Akass said that he would flush polyester liquid on all of Tintin's body and turn it into a sculpture, marked by César (likely the artist César Baldaccini) and authenticated by an art expert.