Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Cameron criticized previous Titanic films describing the scene as if “Titanic was just sliding gracefully underwater”.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

He (Cameron) wanted to describe that when the conditions were really chaotic and terrible. [7]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

At first, the replacement cast was meant to be slung from the boat onto the propeller, which resulted in some of them sustaining minor injuries.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Cameron later stopped this stunt because it was deemed too dangerous.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Those risks could eventually be minimized using computer imaging techniques. [7]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Editing There is one important historical fact that Cameron deliberately omitted from the film, which is concerning the involvement of the ship SS Californian in the wreck of the Titanic which at the time was located just a few miles from the Titanic but did not respond to its emergency call.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Cameron cut this scene because he thought this scene was not very important and the audience would lose focus on the Titanic itself if this scene remained included. [8]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

In addition, there are approximately 45 scenes that were discarded from the original version on the grounds of duration, failing the test screening process time or due to criticism from the audience. [64]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Some of those scenes there were re-incorporated into the DVD Special Collector's Edition in 2005. [65]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Although Cameron later agreed to put the scenes on DVD, he did not intend to include them in the main story as he did in the Terminator 2: Judgment Day and Aliens films, where all the cut scenes were eventually put back into the film as the main story. [65]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Music and sound track The sound track album for the film Titanic was composed by James Horner and released by Sony Classical on November 18, 1997.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

For the background song in the form of vocal sounds heard throughout the film were performed by Norwegian soprano singer, Sissel Kyrkjebø.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Horner knew Sissel since hearing the songs on his album entitled “Innerst I Sjelen”.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Afterwards, Horner immediately took a liking to Sissel's voice and invited him to join the creation of an album of Titanic soundtracks. [66]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

After the Titanic film was a success, the album also followed the film's success.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

The album successfully grossed the charts in twelve countries, sold over 30 million copies and became one of the best-selling soundtrack albums of all time. [67]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Horner wrote the song “My Heart Will Go On” stealthily with Will Jennings because at first Cameron did not want any songs in the film. [68]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Subsequently, Horner asked Canadian singer Céline Dion to perform the song and he agreed to it.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Unexpectedly, Cameron changed his mind when Horner showed him the song. [7] [68] The song “My Heart Will Go On” became the most popular song worldwide at the time.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

The song also won 4 Grammy Awards and the Best Original Song award at the Academy Awards in 1998. [69] [70] In addition to Dion, other musicians who also participated in the production of the Titanic sound track album titled: “Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture” among others Michael W. Smith.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

In his notes on the cassette cover, Smith mentions that he actually wanted to sing a song called “In My Arms Again” from his 1998 album: “Live the Life”.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

But not allowed. [71]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

As for the background sound, Horner prefers to make use of a digital chorus, instead of an original one.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

This was done by Horner because he did not want the background sound of the film to sound like a choir in a church. [72]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

The album's success prompted the release of a second volume sound track album in August 1998 entitled “Back to Titanic”.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

The album contains songs not contained in previous albums including several new songs featured in the film, one of which is a song performed by Máire Brennan from Irish band Clannad.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Also contained the song “Nearer my God to Thee”, a song performed by the group of musicians before the Titanic sank. [73]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

The release of 20th Century Fox cinema releases and Paramount Pictures are the two distributors tasked with circulating the Titanic film.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Paramount handles distributing in North America and Fox handles worldwide distributing.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Fox and Paramount asked Cameron to complete Titanic in July 1997 with the intention of allowing the film to be released during the summer break. [7]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

However Cameron did not interfere with it, he said the special effects for the film were too complicated and releasing the film for the summer would not be possible to materialize. [7]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

This left Paramount having to postpone the release of the Titanic in the United States. [74]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

The opening airing of the film was held on November 1, 1997 at the Tokyo International Film Festival. [75]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

In the United States, the film was officially released on Friday December 19, 1997, [7] then followed other countries around the world, including Indonesia (January 5, 1998). [76]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Revenue On its first day of screening in the United States, Titanic grossed $8,658,814 and a week after, accounting for $28,638,131 earned by Titanic with views in 2,674 theaters across the United States, meaning one movie theater on average managed raked in $10,710 from proceeds from ticket sales.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Titanic was immediately perched at the top position of the box office in its inaugural week of viewing, brushing aside the eighteenth film of the James Bond series: Tomorrow Never Dies from first place.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

By New Year, the Titanic had raked in more than $120 million and showed no signs of going into decline.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Titanic's largest entry occurred on Valentine's Day in 1998, where approximately $13,048,711 was successfully collected. [78] [79] Titanic perched on the first position of the box office ladder for fifteen consecutive weeks in North America, setting a new record in those days. [80]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

The Titanic remained afloat in theaters in North America for 10 months and was finally withdrawn on Thursday, October 1, 1998 collecting total gross revenues of $600,788,188. [81]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Outside of North America, the film managed to double its gross revenue, earning $1,242,413,080 outside North America and a worldwide total of $1,843,201,268 since its first day of screening in theaters. [82] [83] On this achievement, Titanic became the most successful film of all time worldwide world in 1998, as well as for the following 12 years, until Avatar, which was also written and directed by Cameron shifted Titanic's position in 2010. [84]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

On March 1, 1998, [85] Titanic became the first successful film grossing over $1 billion worldwide, [86] and in April 2012, over a decade since Titanic was released, the film ramped up its total gross revenue to $2,000,000,000 along with the release of the 3D version of this film (see below). [87]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Box Office Mojo crowned Titanic as the second-highest-grossing film in history, overseeing the Harry Potter and The Lord of the Rings series. [88] *


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Excluding the 3D version released in 2012 Titanic's Home Media DVD release was first released on August 31, 1999 in widescreen format and single-disc edition (single-disc) without any additional scenes or features. [90]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Cameron said that in later editions he would release a special edition.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Six years later, on October 25, 2005, a special edition was released with 3 DVD sets in North America, containing the film divided into 2 discs, 45 minutes of cut scenes included on the DVD. [91]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

The 2- and 4-disc editions as well as the Deluxe Collector's Edition were released internationally on November 7, 2005. [92]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

While the 2D and Blu-ray editions are scheduled to be released on September 14, 2012. [93]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Critics and Titanic Critics awards received a lot of positive criticism from film critics.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Film criticism website Rotten Tomatoes reported Titanic earned 88% “Certified Fresh” from a total of 161 reviews with an average rating of 7.8/10.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

The site calls Titanic “Cameron's greatest work that blends spectacular visual effects with the story of ancient melodrama”. [96]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

On the website Metacritic, Titanic earned a score of 74 with 34 reviews, generally classified as a good film to witness. [97]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Meanwhile, on the Internet Movie Database site, Titanic received a 7.4/10 rating from 386,214 users and a total of 265 reviews. [98]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Roger Ebert, a film critic said, “Titanic was very perfectly made, very intelligently built and mesmerizing.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Movies like this are not only difficult to make, but almost impossible.”


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Ebert praised the filmmakers who were able to bring drama and history in a balanced way to the audience, [99] and mentioned that the film was the ninth best film in 1997. [100]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

In the television show Siskel & Ebert, the Titanic gained “two thumbs up” and was praised for its accuracy in describing the sinking of the ship.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Ebert described the film as “an amazing Hollywood epic masterfully crafted and well worth the wait. [101]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

James Berardinelli argues that “Titanic is a very meticulous and detailed film, of broad scope and meaning.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Titanic is such a rare epic film, you don't just watch Titanic.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

You participate in experiencing it,” Berardinelli said. [102]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

He called Titanic the number two best film in 1997. [103]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

The BBC's Almar Haflidason wrote that Cameron was able to deliver entertainment in a supposedly dull three-hour film. [104]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Joseph McBride of Boxoffice Magazine believes that Titanic is the greatest and grandest disaster movie ever made and the most popular entertainment to come from Hollywood. [105]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

The romance aspects and historical aspects contained in the film were also praised by Andrew L. Urban of Urban Cinefile. [96]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly describes Titanic as the most spectacular disaster romance film and has produced popular filmmaking techniques. [105]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Meanwhile, Janet Maslin of The New York Times commented that “Titanic represents the first film to really manage to counterbalance the spectacularity of Gone With The Wind. [105]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

On the other hand, Richard Corliss of Time magazine wrote a negative critique of it.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

According to him, Titanic is still less emotional as a film lifted from a true story. [106]”


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

We were considered the most idiots in Hollywood and their preaching cornered us up like being hung up in the town square lights before they even watched the film"— James Cameron [56] Some reviewers also argued that Titanic's story and dialogue were too weak, even with spectacular visual effects.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times commented very scathing: “The film ignores the emotive element and sells only tears.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Titanic is truly beyond Cameron's capabilities, "[107] Not only that, Turan argued that the only reason the film could win an Oscar is because it grossed the box office around the world. [108]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Barbara Shulgasser of The San Francisco Examiner gave Titanic one out of four stars, reasoning that the film was so bad, over-accentuating the main characters and the screenplay and dialogue written very “messy”. [109]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Film critic Robert Altman called Titanic the “most terrifying movie I've seen in my entire life”. [110]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

In 2012, Richard Davenport-Hines, a historian researching about the lives of the passengers on the Titanic said: “Cameron's film sidelines rich Americans and educated British people by creating poor, illiterate romantic heroes out of Ireland. “[111]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Responding to criticism from Kenneth Turan, Cameron said that: “Titanic is not a movie that sucks people up for a sad love story then they go home feeling shattered and disappointed, they'll come back again and again to repeat that experience, willing to spend 3 hours hours 14 minutes of their lives and take others with them so they can share emotions”.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Cameron stressed people of all ages (ranging from 8-80 years old) and from all backgrounds also “celebrate their freedom of emotion” by watching it.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Cameron also said that the process of writing the screenplay was not easy, “The proof of the Titanic screenplay itself did not get an Oscar nomination”, Cameron said. [112]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Awards In addition to gaining a lot of praise and outstanding bestselling, Titanic also triumphed in various prestigious film awards, starting from Golden Globe (8 nominations, 4 wins), [113] BAFTA (10 nominations), [9] Academy Awards (14 nominations, 11 wins), [9] MTV Movie Awards (8 nominations, 2 wins), ACE “Eddie” Award, ASC Award, Art Directors Guild Award, Cinema Audio Society Awards, Screen Actors Guild Award, The Directors Guild of America Award, Broadcast Film Critics Association Award and so on. [9] [114] The following are some of the awards and nominations that have been received by Titanic : List of awards and nominations [115] In addition to the above awards, Titanic also falls into the category of AFI 100 Years... series released by the American Film Institute.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Here's the full list: Conversion to 3D In 2012, in commemoration of the 100 years of the sinking of the RMS Titanic, Titanic was re-released again in a 3-Dimensional version (often referred to as Titanic 3D). [11]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

The idea to make the Titanic in 3D format has been foundered since 2008.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Jon Landau, producer of Titanic said “Four years ago, we even had time to peddle one-minute material to 15 different companies.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

We (at the time) felt the potential was there,” Landau said.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Furthermore, Landau stated that the process behind 'recycling' Titanic movies into 3D versions is not easy and cheap.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Moreover, the process is not only a technical matter but also involves a high creative process so that the images witnessed fit and remain stunning to watch. [122]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

To work on the transition of Titanic 2D into 3D itself will take up to 14 months.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

At a cost of $18 million or about 165 billion rupiah.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

The Titanic converting project began by making the initial film material a 4K format (worked on Reliance MediaWorks), then Stereo 3D brought it to a 3-Dimensional format involving 450 people. [123]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

William Sherak, Stereo Director D, who worked on the 3D version for Titanic described the approach they took as a frame-by-frame selection process in which filmmakers determined the depth present in each frame.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

He even referred to it as “the filmmaker's first artistic approach”. [122]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

The most important task was undertaken by James Cameron.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

According to Landau again, he (Cameron) even selects each frame to produce a precise 3D image.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

He was right to rely on the memory he got from the location of the shooting to put which one could highlight.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

“For this film we used the experience when working on Avatar,” Landau said.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

“Action doesn't really matter when putting pressure on 3D.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Ultimately, movies are about close-ups.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

The audience returned because of the storytelling path. “[124]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

The premiere of Titanic 3D was performed at the Royal Albert Hall, London, England on March 27, 2012.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

A number of stars attended, including Kate Winslet and James Cameron. [125]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Titanic 3D was officially released worldwide on April 4, 2012, 11 days before the RMS Titanic sank 100 years ago. [126] [127] [128] In India, the film was shown with an intact version, featuring a number of vulgar scenes that were censored in 1997.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Titanic 3D, which began airing in India on April 5, 2012, contains a whole scene when Jack sketches a picture of Rose posing sleeping on her side without a body cover, except for a diamond necklace around the neck. [129]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

After its release, an astronomer named Neil deGrasse Tyson protested and asked Cameron to correct the apparent position of stars in the sky when the tragedy of the sinking of the Titanic occurred. [130]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Tyson sent Cameron an e-mail and said that as Rose lay floating on wood and staring at the stars, it was not a star that should be seen in the Milky Way galaxy.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Next, Cameron asked Tyson to send a precise star map as the Titanic was sinking in the Atlantic Ocean, at 04.20, the 15th of April 1912.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

This map became the basis for revising scenes that had already appeared in the film launched in 1997.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Therefore, as a known perfectionist, Cameron decided to re-record the scene in which Rose's character floats on a piece of wood just after the ship sinks.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

'With my reputation as a perfectionist, I should have known that and I should have put her stars right.


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

So I said, well, send me the right star position and I'll put it in the 3D version of the movie,” Cameron said. [131]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

Since the beginning of its release, Titanic 3D has already pocketed $57.8 million in gross revenue in North America, $284.3 million from other countries (with more than $100 million coming from China) and a total of $342.1 worldwide. [132]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

If taped with his earnings in 1997, the total revenue earned by Titanic would be $2.18 billion (Rp 19.6 trillion).


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

On this, Titanic (2D and 3D) was noted as the second film able to break $2 billion in revenue, below Avatar ($2.8 billion). [10]


Question: where was Motion capture first performed?

Titanic (1997 film)

See also RMS Titanic List of films with highest gross earning 70th Academy Awards Reference Bibliography Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) Outside links on IMDb at AllMovie at AllMovie at Rotten Tomatoes at Metacritic at Box Office Mojo at The Numbers in the TCM Movie Database Category:Love films Category:Drama films Category:Best Films (Academy Awards) Category:Best Cinematography (Academy Awards) Category:USA Films of the Year 1997 Category:RMS Titanic


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Aristotle (Greek: 'Aριστοτέλης Aristotélēs), (384 BC — 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, disciple of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. [1]


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

He wrote on a variety of different subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethnicity, biology and zoology. [1]


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Together with Socrates and Plato, he is considered to be one among the three most influential philosophers in Western thought.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Aristotle was born in Stagira, a city in the region of Chalcidice, Thracia, Greece (formerly belonging to the region of central Macedonia) in 384 BC. [1]


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

His father was the personal physician of King Amyntas of Macedonia.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

At the age of 17, Aristotle became a pupil of Plato. [2]


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Later he increased to become a teacher at Plato's Academy in Athens for 20 years.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Aristotle left the academy after Plato died, and became a teacher to Alexander of Macedonia.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

As Alexander came to power in 336 BC, he returned to Athens.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

With support and assistance from Alexander, he then founded his own academy named the Lyceum, which he led until 323 BC.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Political changes with the fall of Alexander made him have to escape from Athens again in order to avoid the ill-fated fate as Socrates once experienced.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Aristotle died shortly after the evacuation.Aristotle strongly emphasized empiricism to emphasize knowledge.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Aristotle's Philosophical Thought developed in three stages the first when he was still studying at Plato's Academy when his ideas were still close to those of his teacher, then when he was displaced, and lastly at the time he led the Lyceum includes six of his written works that address the problem logic, which are considered to be his most important works, besides his contributions in the fields of Metaphysics, Physics, Ethics, Politics, Medical Sciences, Natural Sciences and works of art.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

In the field of natural sciences, he was the first to systematically collect and classify biological species.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

This work illustrates his tendency for critical analysis, and his search for natural laws and equilibrium on nature.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Contrary to Plato who stated theories about ideal forms of things, Aristotle explained that matter is impossible without form because it exists (exists).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

The other thought is about motion in which it is said that all objects move towards one goal, an opinion said to be teleological.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Since the object cannot move by itself, there must be a locomotion in which the mover must have other movers until it arrives at the motionless first mover which is then called theos, which in the Greek sense is now considered to mean God.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Aristotle's logic is a system of deductive thinking (deductive reasoning), which even today is still considered the basis of every lesson on formal logic.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Nonetheless, in his scientific research he also realized the importance of observation, experimentation and inductive thinking.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Another point in the framework of thought that became Aristotle's important donation was the syllogism that could be used in drawing new, precise conclusions from two truths that had existed.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Suppose there are two statements (premise): Every human will inevitably die (premise major).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Sokrates is human (minor premise) hence it can be drawn the conclusion that Sokrates will inevitably die In the field of politics, Aristotle believed that the ideal form of politics is a composite of democratic and monarchical forms.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Due to the breadth of the scope of Aristotle's works, he can be considered to contribute to an encyclopedic scale, where his contributions encompass highly diverse fields such as Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Psychology, Metaphysics (e.g. the study of early principles. and basic ideas about nature), formal logic, ethics, politics, and even the theory of rhetoric and poetry.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

In the field of art, Aristotle contained his view of beauty in Poetike's book. [2]


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Aristotle strongly emphasized empiricism to emphasize knowledge. [2]


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

He says that knowledge is built on the basis of observation and vision. [2]


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

According to Aristotle beauty concerns the balance of size, namely material size. [2]


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

According to Aristotle a work of art is an artistic embodiment that is the result of chatarsis accompanied by aesthetics. [2]


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Chatarsis is the disclosure of a collection of feelings poured outward. [3]


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

The collection of feelings is accompanied by normative encouragement. [3]


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

The normative impulse in question is the impulse that eventually gives a special form to the feeling. [3]


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

That form is imitated from what is in reality. [3]


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Aristotle also defined the historical sense that History is a system that examines an event from the beginning and is composed in the form of chronology.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

At the same time, according to him also History is past events that have records, records or concrete evidence.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Although most of the science he developed felt more of an explanation of common-sense explanations, many of his theories persisted for almost two thousand years.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

This happens because the theories are considered reasonable and conform to the thinking of society at large, although it later turns out that the theories are completely wrong because they are based on erroneous assumptions.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

It can be argued that Aristotle's thought was very influential on Western thought and other religious thought in general.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

The alignment of Aristotle's thought with Christian theology was carried out by St. Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century, with Jewish theology by Maimonides (1135 — 1204), and with Islamic theology by Ibn Rusyid (1126 — 1198).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

For medieval humans, Aristotle was not only considered an authoritative source for logic and metaphysics, but rather also considered the primary source of science, or “the master of those who know”, as Dante Alighieri later said.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

References Ferguson, Wallace K., and Geoffrey Bruun.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

A Survey of European Civilization (4th Ed), pg. 39.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Houghton Mifflin Company/Boston, 1969, USA.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Yenne, Bill. 100 Men of World History Engraver (p. 38-39).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Transmission: Didik Djunaedi.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

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Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Library Delapratasa, 2002, Jakarta.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Advanced reading of J. L. Ackrill (1997).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Essays on Plato and Aristotle, Oxford University Press, US.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

A popular exposition for the general reader.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

These translations are available in several places online; see Outside links.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Bakalis Nikolaos. (2005).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Handbook of Greek Philosophy: From Thales to the Stoics Analysis and Fragments, Trafford Publishing ISBN1-4120-4843-5 Bolotin, David (1998).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

An Approach to Aristotle's Physics: With Particular Attention to the Role of His Manner of Writing.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Albany: SUNY Press.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

A contribution to our understanding of how to read Aristotle's scientific works.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Burnyeat, M. F. et al. (1979).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Notes on Book Zeta of Aristotle's Metaphysics.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Oxford: Sub-Faculty of Philosophy.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Code, Alan. (1995).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Potentiality in Aristotle's Science and Metaphysics, Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 76.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

De Groot, Jean (2014).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Aristotle's Empiricism: Experience and Mechanics in the 4th Century BC, Parmenides Publishing, ISBN978-1-930972-83-4 Frede, Michael. (1987).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Essays in Ancient Philosophy.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Gendlin, Eugene T. (2012).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Line by Line Commentary on Aristotle's De Anima, Volume 1: Books I & II; Volume 2: Book III.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Spring Valley, New York: The Focusing Institute.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Gill, Mary Louise. (1989).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Aristotle on Substance: The Paradox of Unity.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Princeton: Princeton University Press.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Halper, Edward C. (2009).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

One and Many in Aristotle's Metaphysics, Volume 1: Books Alpha — Delta, Parmenides Publishing, ISBN978-1-930972-21-6.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Halper, Edward C. (2005).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

One and Many in Aristotle's Metaphysics, Volume 2: The Central Books, Parmenides Publishing, ISBN978-1-930972-05-6.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Irwin, T. H. (1988).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN0-19-824290-5.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Jori, Alberto. (2003).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Aristotele, Milano: Bruno Mondadori Editore (2003 Prize of the “International Academy of the History of Science”) ISBN88-424-9737-1.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Knight, Kelvin. (2007).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Aristotelian Philosophy: Ethics and Politics from Aristotle to MacIntyre, Polity Press.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Lewis, Frank A. (1991).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Substance and Predication in Aristotle.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Lloyd, G. E. R. (1968).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Aristotle: The Growth and Structure of his Thought.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr., ISBN0-521-09456-9.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Lord, Carnes. (1984).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Introduction to The Politics, by Aristotle.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Chicago: Chicago University Press.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Loux, Michael J. (1991).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Primary Ousia: An Essay on Aristotle's Metaphysics and Η.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Maso, Stefano (Ed.), Natali, Carlo (Ed.), Seel, Gerhard (Ed.). (2012) Reading Aristotle: Physics VII.3: What is Alteration?


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Proceedings of the International ESAP-HYELE Conference, Parmenides Publishing.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

ISBN978-1-930972-73-5 [Reprinted in J. Barnes, M. Schofield, and R. K. Sorabji, eds. (1975).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Articles on Aristotle Vol 1.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Science.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

London: Duckworth 14—34.]


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Pangle, Lorraine Smith (2003).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Aristotle and the Philosophy of Friendship.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Aristotle's conception of the deepest human relationship viewed in the light of the history of philosophic thought on friendship.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Reeve, C. D. C. (2000).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Substantial Knowledge: Aristotle's Metaphysics.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Indianapolis: Hackett.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

A classic overview by one of Aristotle's most prominent English translators, in print since 1923.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Scaltsas, T. (1994).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Substances and Universals in Aristotle's Metaphysics.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Ithaca: Cornell University Press.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Strauss, Leo (1964).


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

“On Aristotle's Politics”, in The City and Man, Chicago; Rand McNally.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

Cite uses deprecated parameter |deadurl= (help) For the general reader.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

See also the Athenian School of Socrates Plato Outside at the Encyclopædia Britannica at Curlie at Philpapers. at the Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

From the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: From the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: at Open Library at The Internet Classics Archive, MIT at PlanetMath.org. Collection of works (mostly in English or Greek) At the (primarily in English). at Project Gutenberg at Internet Archive at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) (in English) (in Greek) at Tufts University.


Question: Who is Aristotle?

Aristotle

At the (primarily in English). (in Greek) (in French) The 11-volume 1837 Bekker edition of Aristotle's Works in Greek (·) Bekker's Prussian Academy of Sciences edition of the complete works of Aristotle at Archive.org: Category:Birth 384 BC Category:Death 322 BC Category:Died aged 62 Category:Greek philosophers Category:Ancient Greek Philosophers Category:Aristotelian Philosophers Category:Philosophers of the 4th century BC Category:100 Figures according to Michael H. Hart


Question: What is the area of the city of Lagos?

Nigerian

The Federal Republic of Nigeria is a country in West Africa.


Question: What is the area of the city of Lagos?

Nigerian

The country is bordered by Benin to the west, Chad and Cameroon to the east, Niger to the north and the Gulf of Guinea to the south.


Question: What is the area of the city of Lagos?

Nigerian

Important cities include Abuja, the former capital of Lagos, Abeokuta, Ibadan, Port Harcourt and Jos. Nigeria's division of territory is divided into 36 states and one Federal Capital Territory, which are further subdivided into 774 Local Government Areas (Local Government Areas).


Question: What is the area of the city of Lagos?

Nigerian

The number of states, of which only three are independent, reflects the frenetic history of this country and the difficulty of managing with heterogeneous nationality entities at the government level.


Question: What is the area of the city of Lagos?

Nigerian

State: Abuja Anambra Enugu Akwa Ibom Adamawa Abia Bauchi Bayelsa Benue Borno Cross River Delta Ebonyi Edo Ekiti Gombe Imo Jigawa Kaduna Kano Katsina Kebbi Kogi Kwara Lagos Nasarawa Niger Ogun Ondo Osun Oyo Plateau Rivers Sokoto Taraba Yobe Zamfara Federal Capital Territory: Abuja Education Nigeria provides free education supported by the government, but student attendance is not a compulsory thing on some levels, and certain groups, such as nomads and disabled people.


Question: What is the area of the city of Lagos?

Nigerian

Attendance rates at secondary schools were 32 percent for men and 27 percent for women.


Question: What is the area of the city of Lagos?

Nigerian

The education system in Nigeria starts from six years of primary school, three years of junior high school, three years of high school, and four years of college to earn a bachelor's degree.


Question: What is the area of the city of Lagos?

Nigerian

Bomb incident On Christmas Day, December 25, 2011, Nigeria was rocked by a bloody incident.


Question: What is the area of the city of Lagos?

Nigerian

A total of 40 people were killed by a bomb that hit a church near Nigeria's capital, Abuja, including 1 perpetrator and 3 policemen.


Question: What is the area of the city of Lagos?

Nigerian

The bomb exploded ahead of Christmas celebrations.


Question: What is the area of the city of Lagos?

Nigerian

The militant group led by Boko Haram said it was responsible for the event. [1] [2] See also List of countries in the world Reference Links outside Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the area of the city of Lagos?

Nigerian

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Question: What is the area of the city of Lagos?

Nigerian

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Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Kasunanan Surakarta Hadiningrat (Javanese:; Nagari Surakarta Hadiningrat) was a kingdom in Central Java established in 1755 as a result of the Giyanti treaty of 13 February 1755.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The agreement between the VOC and the disputed parties in the Mataram Sultanate, namely Sunan Pakubuwana III and Prince Mangkubumi, agreed that the Mataram Sultanate was divided into two power areas namely Surakarta and Yogyakarta.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The Kasunanan of Surakarta is not generally considered a replacement for the Sultanate of Mataram, but rather a separate kingdom, although its king is still a descendant of the king of Mataram.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Every king of Surakarta Kasunanan who holds the title of Sunan (as well as the king of the Kasultanate of Yogyakarta with the title of Sultan) always signs a political contract with the VOC or the Government of the Dutch East Indies.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The background of the Mataram Sultanate which collapsed due to the Trunajaya rebellion of 1677 its capital by Sunan Amral was moved in Kartasura.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

At the time of Sunan Pakubuwana II holding the palace government Mataram received an invasion from the rebellion of the Chinese people who received support from the anti-VOC Javanese people in 1742.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The Mataram kingdom centered in Kartasura suffered its collapse.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The city of Kartasura was successfully recaptured thanks to the help of Adipati Cakraningrat IV the ruler of western Madura who was an ally of the VOC, but the state was already badly damaged.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Pakubuwana II who stepped aside to Ponorogo, then decided to build a new palace in the village of Sala as the capital of the new Mataram kingdom.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Kartasura Palace building which has been destroyed and considered “polluted”.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Sunan Pakubuwana II then ordered Tumenggung Honggowongso (little named Joko Sangrib or Kentol Surawijaya, later given the title Tumenggung Arungbinang I), together with Tumenggung Mangkuyudha, as well as the commander of the Dutch forces, J.A.B. van Hohendorff, to find the location of the new capital/palace.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

For it was built a new palace 20km to the southeast from Kartasura, in 1745, precisely in the village of Sala on the edge of Bengawan Solo.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

For the construction of this craton, Pakubuwono II bought land for as long as gold pieces [1] given to the akuwu (lurah) of Sala village known as Ki Gede Sala.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

In the midst of the construction of the Craton, Ki Gede Sala died and was buried in the craton area.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The name “Surakarta” was given as the “graduation” name for this new government center.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The construction of this palace according to records using teak wood from Alas Kethu area, forests near Wonogiri and the wood washed through Bengawan Solo.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Officially, the palace began to be occupied on 17 February 1745 (or Wednesday Pahing 14 Sura 1670 Penanggalan Java, Wuku Landep, Windu Sancaya).


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The enactment of the Treaty of Giyanti (13 February 1755) led Surakarta to become the center of Kasunanan government of Surakarta, with its king Pakubuwana III.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Yogyakarta became the center of government of the Yogyakarta Kasultanate, with its king Sultan Hamengkubuwana I. The palace and the city of Yogyakarta began to be built in 1755, with the same urban layout pattern as Surakarta which was first built.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The 1757 Treaty of Salatiga reduced the territory of Kasunanan, by giving the north of the palace to Prince Sambernyawa (Mangkunagara I).


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The development of Mataram Kingdom centered in Surakarta as the capital of government was then faced with a great rebellion due to Prince Mangkubumi younger brother Pakubuwana II in 1746 who left the palace merged itself with Raden Mas Said.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

In the midst of war, Pakubuwana II died of illness in 1749.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

However, he briefly surrendered his land sovereignty to the VOC, represented by Baron von Hohendorff.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Since then, it was the VOC who considered the right to induct the hereditary kings of Mataram.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Treaty of Giyanti in Salatiga On 13 February 1755 the VOC party already in bankruptcy managed to invite Prince Mangkubumi to reconcile to unite against the rebellion of Raden Mas Said who did not want to make peace.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Originally Prince Mangkubumi allied with Raden Mas Said.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The Treaty of Giyanti signed by Pakubuwana III, the Netherlands, and Mangkubumi, gave birth to two new kingdoms namely Kasunanan Surakarta Hadiningrat and Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Kasultanate.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Prince Mangkubumi as king in half of Mataram region took the title Sultan Hamengkubuwana, while the Kasunanan king of Surakarta took the title of Sunan Pakubuwana.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

As time went on, the country of Mataram led by Hamengkubuwana was then more famous as Kasultanate Yogyakarta, being the country of Mataram led by Pakubuwana famous as Kasunanan Surakarta.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Subsequently the Kasunanan region of Surakarta was diminished, as the Treaty of Salatiga 17 March 1757 led to Raden Mas Said being recognized as an independent prince with a duchy status domain, called Praja Mangkunegaran.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

As the ruler, Raden Mas Said held the title of Duke of Mangkunegara.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The territory of Surakarta was reduced even further after the Diponegoro War in 1830, in which foreign areas were given to the Dutch as compensation for the costs of warfare.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Pakubuwana IV In contrast to Pakubuwana III who was somewhat obedient to the VOC, the next successor to the throne of Kasunanan Surakarta, Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwana IV (1788—1820) was a king figure who hated invaders and full of ideals and courage.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

In November 1790, there was a Pakepung event, the incident of the siege of the Palace of Surakarta by the VOC fellowship, Hamengkubuwana I, and Mangkunegara I. The siege occurred because Pakubuwana IV who understood kejawen removed the palace officials who did not agree with him.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The removed palace officials then asked the VOC to confront Pakubuwono IV.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The VOC eventually allied with Hamengkubuwana I and Mangkunegara I to confront Pakubuwana IV.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

In November 1790 together they besieged the Palace of Surakarta.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

From within the palace itself, senior officials who were excluded participated in pressing Pakubuwana IV to get rid of his spiritual advisors.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

These events are called Pakepung.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Pakubuwana IV finally admitted defeat on 26 November 1790 by handing over his advisers composed of Hajjis for VOC banishment.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

During the era of Pakubuwana IV government there was a joint negotiation which explained that the Kasunanan of Surakarta, the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, and Praja Mangkunegaran have equal standing and sovereignty so that they should not attack each other.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Pakubuwana V and VI Substitutes of Pakubuwana IV were Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwana V, who by the people at that time was nicknamed as Sunan Ngabehi, because his sire was very rich, both rich in wealth and justice.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

After his death, Pakubuwana V's replacement was Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwana VI.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Pakubuwana VI was a supporter of the struggle of Prince Diponegoro, who rebelled against the Yogyakarta Sultanate and the Dutch East Indies government since 1825.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The authors of the babad manuscripts of the time often covered the secret meetings of Pakubuwana VI with Prince Diponegoro using symbolic language.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

For example, Pakubuwana VI is told to go ascetic to Mount Merbabu or recluse in Krendawahana Forest.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

In fact, he went to meet Prince Diponegoro secretly. In the fight against Prince Diponegoro, Pakubuwana VI ran a double act.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Alongside providing aid and support, he also sent troops to feign aid to the Dutch.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The great pujangga Ranggawarsita admitted as a young time he had participated in the army of the chardiwara.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

After capturing Prince Diponegoro, the Dutch still captured Pakubuwana VI and dumped him to Ambon on 8 June 1830 on the grounds that Mas Pajangswara had leaked everything, and now he lived comfortably in Batavia.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The slander waged by the Dutch side will have a bad effect on the relationship between the son of Pakubuwana VI, namely Pakubuwana IX and the son of Mas Pajangswara, namely Ranggawarsita.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Pakubuwana IX itself was still in the womb when Pakubuwana VI left for Ambon.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The throne of Surakarta then fell to Pakubuwana VI's uncle, who held the title Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwana VII.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Pakubuwana VII At that time the Diponegoro War had just ended.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The reign of Pakubuwana VII was relatively peaceful when compared to the time of the previous kings.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Peaceful circumstances encouraged the growth of literary activities massively in the palace environment.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The reign of Pakubuwana VII is considered the pinnacle of literary glory in Kasunanan Surakarta with the great pujangga Ranggawarsita as its pioneer.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

His reign ended at his death and because he did not have a crown prince then Pakubuwana VII was succeeded by his elder brother (another mother) held Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwana VIII who ascended the throne at the age of 69.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Pakubuwana VIII and IX Reign Pakubuwana VIII run for three years until the end of his life.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Pakubuwana VIII succeeded Pakubuwana VI's son as the next king of Surakarta, who held the title Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwana IX.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The relationship between Pakubuwana IX and Ranggawarsita himself was less harmonious due to the slander of the Dutch side that Mas Pajangswara (Ranggawarsita's father who served as the scribe of the palace) had leaked the secret of the communion between Pakubuwana VI and Prince Diponegoro.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

As a result, Pakubuwana VI was banished to Ambon.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

This made Pakubuwana IX hated the family of Mas Pajangswara, even though the scribe was found dead grievously because he was tortured in prison by the Dutch.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Ranggawarsita himself tried to improve his relationship with the king through the offering of the Serat Cemporet script.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Pakubuwana IX's reign ended at his death on 16 March 1893.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

He succeeded his son as king of Surakarta subsequently, held Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwana X. Pakubuwana X The reign of Pakubuwana X was characterized by the grandeur of tradition and stable political atmosphere of the kingdom.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

During his fairly long reign, Kasunanan Surakarta underwent a transition, from a traditional kingdom towards the modern era, in line with political changes in the Dutch East Indies.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Despite being under the political pressure of the Dutch East Indies colonial government, Pakubuwana X granted freedom of organization and publishing of mass media.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

He supported the founding of the Sarekat Islam organization, one of the first national movement organizations in Indonesia.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The Indonesian Language Congress I in Surakarta (1938) was held during his reign.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The modern infrastructure of Surakarta city was built in the reign of Pakubuwana X, such as Pasar Gede building, Solo Jebres Station, Solo-Kota Station (Sangkrah), Sriwedari Stadium, zoo (“Taman Satwataru”) Jurug, Jurug Bridge that crosses Bengawan Solo in the east of the city, Taman Balekambang, an archway in the city limits of Surakarta, a farm slaughterhouse in Jagalan, a layover house for homeless people, and a perabuan house (burning remains) for Chinese citizens.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

He died on February 1, 1939.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

He was referred to as Sunan Panutup or the last great king of Surakarta by his people.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

His reign was later succeeded by his son who held the title Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwana XI.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Pakubuwana XI The reign of Pakubuwana XI occurred during a difficult period, which coincided with the onset of the Second World War.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

He also experienced the turn of the colonial government from Dutch hands to the Japanese since 1942.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The Japanese side called Surakarta by the name Solo Koo.He replaced Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwana XII.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Period of Independence Struggle Pakubuwana XII The beginning of the reign of Pakubuwana XII was almost concurrent with the birth of the Republic of Indonesia.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

At the beginning of the independence period (1945—1946), Kasunanan Surakarta and Praja Mangkunegaran were briefly Special Regions.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

However, due to unrest and political agitation at that time then on 16 June 1946 by the Government of Indonesia its status was changed to Keresidenan, merged into the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The determination of Special status was done by President Soekarno as a reward for the recognition of the kings of Kasunanan Surakarta and Praja Mangkunagaran who declared their territory to be part of the Republic of Indonesia on 19 August 1945. [2]


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Then on September 1, 1945, Kasunanan Surakarta and Praja Mangkunegaran sent information to President Soekarno regarding a statement from Susuhunan Pakubuwana XII and KGPAA Mangkunegara VIII stating that Surakarta Hadiningrat Negeri which is royal is the Region Special from the Republic of Indonesia, where the relationship between Surakarta State and the Central Government of the Republic of Indonesia is direct.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

On the basis of all that, then President Soekarno gave official recognition to Susuhunan Pakubuwana XII and KGPAA Mangkunegara VIII with the grant of official position charter [3].


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

As is known, only about four days after, namely on September 5, 1945, the Sultanate of Yogyakarta and the Duchy of Pakualaman issued similar information, which became the basis of the establishment of the Special Province of Yogyakarta.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The Dutch who did not give up Indonesian independence tried to retake the country by violence.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

In January 1946 the Indonesian capital was forced to move to Yogyakarta as Jakarta fell into Dutch hands.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Then, in October 1945, the anti-swapraja/anti monarchy/anti feudal movement emerged in Surakarta, where one of the leaders was Tan Malaka, the leader of the Murba Party.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Barisan Banteng managed to control Surakarta while the Indonesian government did not demolish it due to the defense of General Sudirman.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

In fact, General Sudirman also managed to urge the government to revoke the status of Surakarta Special Region.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The movement's goal was the abolition of DIS, as well as the dissolution of Mangkunegara and Susuhunan.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Another motive of this movement is the seizure of agricultural lands controlled by Mangkunegara and Susuhunan to be distributed according to landreform activities by the socialist group.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

On 17 October 1945, Pepatih Dalem (prime minister) Kasunanan KRMH Sosrodiningrat was kidnapped and killed by the Anti swapraja hordes.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

This action followed the removal of regents who are generally relatives of the king and replaced people who are pro anti-swapraja movement.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

March 1946, the new Pepatih Dalem KRMT Yudonagoro was also kidnapped and killed.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

April 1946, 9 Kepatihan officials experienced the same.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Due to the number of riots, kidnappings and killings, then for a time the Indonesian Government froze the status of DIS and degrade the power of the kings of Kasunanan and Mangkunegaran and Surakarta area which is privileged as a security before the form and arrangement is established by law.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The status of Susuhunan Surakarta and Adipati Mangkunegara only as a symbol only in the people and citizens of the Republic of Indonesia, and the palace was transformed into a center for the development of Javanese art and culture.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Indonesian era There are opinions that assess that at the beginning of his reign, Pakubuwana XII failed to take an important role and take advantage of the political situation of the Republic of Indonesia.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Even rumors arose that the nobles of Surakarta were allies of the Dutch government since anciently, so the people felt distrustful and rebelled against Kasunanan's power.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

In the book series Around the Indonesian War of Independence, General Abdul Haris Nasution wrote that the kings of Surakarta defected and betrayed Indonesia during the Dutch Military Aggression II of 1948—1949.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Even the military had prepared Colonel Djatikoesoemo (the first KSAD), son of Pakubuwana X, to be appointed as the new Susuhunan and Letkol.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Suryo Sularso to be appointed the new Mangku Negara.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Yet the people and the army increasingly want to abolish the monarchy altogether.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Eventually Major Akhmadi, the military ruler of the city of Surakarta, was only given the task of directly connecting with the palaces of the Surakarta monarchy.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Both monarchs were required to expressly side with the Republic.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

If the kings refuse, action will be taken according to the Non-Cooperative Instruction [4] Although it fails politically, but Pakubuwana XII remains a protective figure of Javanese culture.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

In the time of reform, national figures, for example Gus Dur, still respected him as one of the elders of Javanese land.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Pakubuwana XII died on 11 June 2004, and his reign was the longest among the previous kings of Kasunanan, since 1945—2004.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

After Pakubuwana XII, there was a struggle for the throne between Prince Hangabehi and Prince Tejowulan, each of whom declared themselves as Pakubuwana XIII; the two claimed the rightful holders of the throne, and each held their father's funeral separately.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

However, family consensus has acknowledged that it was Hangabehi who was given the title SISKS Pakubuwana XIII.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Currently, the conflict of the two Twin Kings has ended after Prince Tejowulan cast the throne of Pakubuwana to his elder brother, Prince Hangabehi in an official reconciliation initiated by the Surakarta City Government with DPR-RI, and Prince Tejowulan himself became mahapatih (pepatih dalem) with the title KGPHPA (Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Haryo Panembahan Agung).


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Sunan list Surakarta Photo Gallery with Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg and Pakubuwana X (k. 1910).


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

Guests of honor in the Pisowanan Ageng event at the Palace of Surakarta.


Question: Who was the first king of Kasunanan Surakarta?

Kasunanan Surakarta

The celebration march of Pakubuwono XIII occupied the 14th throne using the flag of Surakarta Hadiningrat See also History of Surakarta City of Yogyakarta Kasultanate Kadipaten Paku Alaman Paja Mangkunagaran Wangsa Mataram Reference Outlink (in Indonesian) (in Indonesian) Javanese Literature Kasunanan Template:S-Boxtemplate:S-Boxtemplate:S-Box Category:Surakarta City Category:Historical buildings in Central Java


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The European Union (abbreviated EU) is an intergovernmental and supranational organization, consisting of European countries.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Since 1 July 2013 it has had 28 member states.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The union was established in that name under the Treaty of European Union (better known as the Maastricht Treaty) in 1992.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

However, many aspects of the EU arise before that date through the earlier organization, going back to the 1950s. This international organization works through a combined supranational and intergovernmental system.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

In some areas, decisions are established through deliberation and consensus among member states, and in other areas supranational organ institutions carry out their responsibilities without the need for the approval of their members.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Important organ institutions within the EU are the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Justice, and the European Central Bank.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

In addition, there is also a European Parliament whose members are elected directly by the citizens of the member states.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

On 12 October 2012, the European Union was designated as the 2012 recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

EU members have 28 member states, namely the European Parliament confers in Brusel, Belgium and (several times a year) in Strasbourg (France).


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The European Parliament is directly elected by its population.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The beginnings and history of Experiments to unite the European state have begun before the formation of modern states; they have occurred several times in European history.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Three thousand years ago, Europe was dominated by Celts, and then conquered and ruled the Mediterranean centered Empire of Rome.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The beginning of this unification was created by forced means.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The Franks Empire of Charlemagne and the Holy Empire of Rome united vast territories under loose administration for several hundred years.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Later in the 1800s customs union under Napoleon Bonaparte, and the conquests in the 1940s by Nazi Germany took place only temporarily.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Due to its collection of European languages and cultures, this unification experiment usually involves occupation from an unwilling country, creating instability.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

One experiment of unification peacefully through cooperation and equation of members was made by pacifist Victor Hugo in 1851.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

After World War I and World War II, the desire to establish the European Union intensified, driven by a desire to rebuild Europe and eliminate the possibility of another war.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Therefore, the European Coal and Steel Community was formed by Germany, France, Italy, and the Benelux countries.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

This came about by the Treaty of Paris (1951), signed in April 1951 and started in July 1952.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

After that it was formed also the European Economic Community was established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957 and implemented on 1 January 1958.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Later that community turned into the European Society which was the 'first pillar' of the European Union.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The European Union has evolved from a trade body into an economic and political cooperation.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Major policies From the change of its name from “European Economic Community” to “European Community” to “European Union” signifies that this organization has changed from an economic unity to a political union.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

This trend is characterized by an increasing number of policies within the EU.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

This picture of increased centering is offset by two factors.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

First, some member states have some strong domestic traditions of regional governance.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

This led to an increased focus about European regional and regional policies.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

A Committee of the Regions was established as part of the Maastricht Treaty.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Second, EU policy includes a number of different cooperation.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Autonomous decision-making: member states have given to the European Commission the power to issue decisions in certain territories such as for example competition laws, State Aid controls and liberalisation.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Harmonisation: the laws of member states are harmonized through the EU legislative process, involving the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

As a result of this EU law is increasingly noticeably present in the systems of member states.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Co-operation: Member states, which meet as the Council of the European Union agreed to cooperate and coordinate their domestic policies.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Tensions between the EU and national (or sub-national) competences persist long in the development of the EU.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

(See also Inter-governmentanism vs. Supra-nationasism (above), Euroskepticism.)


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

All prospective member states must enact legislation in order to align with the joint European legal framework, known as the Acquis Communautaire.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

(See also European Free Trade Association (EFTA), European Economic Area (EEA) and European Single Sky.)


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

See table of countries that took part in a number of initiatives.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

External policy An external tariff with customs duties, and a similar position in international trade negotiations.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Funding for programs in prospective member states and other Eastern European countries, as well as aid to many developing countries through its Phare and Tacis programs.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Establishment of a single market European Energy Community through the South-East European Energy Community Agreement on Cooperation and harmonization in other territories Freedom for EU citizens to vote in local government elections and the European Parliament in any member state as well.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Cooperation in criminal matters, including mutual intelligence sharing (through EUROPOL and the Schengen Information System), treaties on joint definitions of crimes and extradition procedures.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

A common foreign policy as a future target, but nevertheless this is still a long time will be realized.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The division between member states (in letter eight) and those members who were then not yet joined (in the Vilnius letter) at the time of the 2003 Iraq storming highlights how far this goal was ahead before he could become a reality.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

A common security policy is targeted, including the establishment of a European Rapid Reaction Unit with 60,000 members for the purposes of maintaining peace, an EU military staff and an EU satellite center (for intelligence purposes).


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Joint policy on acylum and immigration.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Co-funding for technology research and development, through a four-year Draft Program for Technology Research and Development.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The Sixth draft Programme was in effect from 2002 to 2006.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

EU politics has competence based on EU Treaties and the principle of subsidiarity which states that EU action can only be taken when a goal cannot be adequately achieved by only a member state.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Laws promulgated by EU institutions are issued in several ways, in general they can be classified into two groups: laws that come into force without the need to measure national scale implementation, and laws that apply to those needs.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The EU administration has seven institutions: the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, the European Council, the European Central Bank, the European Court of Justice, and the European Court of Audit.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The authority to scrutinise and amend legislation is shared between the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, while executive duties are handled by the European Commission and, on a limited basis, by the Council of Europe (not to be condoned with the so-called Council of the European Union first).


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The monetary policy of the eurozone is regulated by the European Central Bank.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The interpretation and application of EU law and its treaties is ensured by the European Court of Justice.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

In addition, there are also additional bodies in charge of providing advice for the EU or operating within specific areas.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The European Commission The European Commission acts holding executive functions and is responsible for initiating legislation and daily leadership of the European Union.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The Commission also became the motor of European integration.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The Commission works as a government cabinet, with 27 Commissioners working in different policy areas, one person from each member state, but the Commissioners are bound to a commitment to represent the interests of the European Union as merit, not the interests of their respective countries.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

One of the 27 members of the cabinet serves as President of the Commission (currently José Manuel Durão Barroso), appointed by the Council of Europe.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Twenty-six other Commissioners were then appointed by the Council of the European Union with the persuasion of the nominated president.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

After that.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The European Parliament held elections for the approval of all 27 Commissioners as a single body.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

After the President of the Commission, the most prominent Commissioner is the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign and Security Policy, ex officio the Vice-President of the Commission.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The European Council of Europe briefings the EU, and holds hearings at least four times a year.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The European Council consists of the President of the European Council, the President of the European Commission and one deputy per member state; either head of state or head of government.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The European Council is described by some parties as the “supreme political authority” of the EU.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The European Council is actively involved in negotiating treaty change and defining the EU's policy agenda and strategy.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The European Council uses its leadership role to resolve disputes between member states and EU institutions, as well as to resolve political crises and dissent over controversial issues and policies.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Externally, the Council of Europe functions as a “collective Head of State” and ratifies important documents (for example international treaties and approvals).


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

On 19 November 2009, Herman Van Rompuy was elected the first permanent President of the Council of Europe.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

On 1 December 2009, the Treaty of Lisboa was enacted and Van Rompuy came into office.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Ensuring external representation of the EU, moving consensus and resolving differences between members is the duty of the President, both during the European Council convocation and in the time period between two convocations.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The European Council (European Council) is an institution different from the European Assembly (Council of Europe), an international organization that is freelancing from the European Union.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The Parliament of the European Parliament makes up half the legislative body of the European Union (the other half being the Council of the European Union, see below).


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

A total of 736 (soon to be 751) Members of the European Parliament (UK: MEP) are directly elected by EU nationals every five years based on proportional representation votes garnered by each political party.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Although the European Parliament is elected nationally, the members sit according to political factions, and not by virtue of their nationality.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Each state has a number of seat allotments which are then divided into sub-national constituencies where this does not affect the proportional nature of the voting system.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union pass laws jointly in almost all regions under ordinary legislative procedures.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

This also applies to EU budget issues.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Ultimately, the Commission is accountable to Parliament, requires the consent of Parliament to take office, and must report back to Parliament as well as subject to criticism or disregard from Parliament.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The President of the European Parliament carries out the role of speaker (speaker) within the parliament and represents the Parliament externally.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The PE President and Vice-President are elected by the European Parliament every two and a half years.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The European Court of Justice of the Council of the European Union Council, or often referred to as the Council, and sometimes as the Council of Ministers, forms the other half of the EU legislative institutions, accompanying the Parliament.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The council consists of a minister from each member state.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The composition of the Board can be capricious and depends on the areas of policy addressed.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Despite the different compositions, the Council was nevertheless regarded as a single body.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

In addition to its legislating function, the Council also performs executive functions in the Joint Policy on Foreign and Security.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The Budget of the Twenty-eight EU member states has an agreed budget of €120.7 billion for 2007 and €864.3 billion for the period 2007-2013.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The budget constitutes 1.10% and 1.05% of the estimated GDP of EU member states for the respective periods.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

By comparison, UK spending for 2004 is expected to be €759 billion, and France is estimated to have spent €801 billion.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

In 1960, the budget of the European Economic Community was 0.03% of GDP.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

In the 2010 budget of €141.5 billion, the largest expenditure item was cohesion & competitiveness, which is about 45% of the total budget, overtaken by agriculture with about 31% of the total budget.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Rural development, environment, and fisheries take up about 11% of the budget, the administration about 6%, the EU as a global partner and citizenship, freedom, security and justice are the caretaker, with only about 6% and 1% of the entire EU budget being used in their respective profits- each ihwal.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The European Union's fifth institution, the European Court of Audit ensures that the EU budget is properly accounted for.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The Court provides an audit report for each book year to the Council and Parliament.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Parliament uses audit reports to decide between approving or rejecting the Commission's handling of the budget.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The Court also gave opinions and proposals on financial legislation and anti-fraud measures.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The Court of Auditors is legally obliged to give the European Parliament and the Council of Europe “a statement of confidence over the reliability of the accounts and the legality and regularity of the underlying transactions”.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The court has not given absolute approval to EU accounts since 1993.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The picture of the European position Economy When considered as a single entity, the European Union has the largest economy in the world with a 2004 GDP of 11,723,816 PPP.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The EU economy is expected to grow further in the next decade in line with more countries joining the union - and moreover these new countries are usually poorer than the EU average, and therefore it is hoped that rapid GDP growth will help the dynamics of the Union Europe.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Even so the EU will only grow by about 0.3% in the 2nd quarter of 2005, while other industrialized countries such as the United States are expected to grow around 3.2%.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Standard of living Here is a table and three graphs show GDP (PPP) per capita and nominal GDP per capita for the European Union and its members.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The data is for the 2005 estimate and the graph is from 2004.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Source: CIA World Factbook All other figures, source: IMF web site (,,).


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Comparison with other blocks/countries In 2003.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

The color is cyan for the largest number, green for the smallest.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Source: CIA World Factbook 2004, IMF 1 NAFTA Member The name of the European Union in European languages Here is the name “EU” in 24 official languages spoken in the European Union. [1]


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Reference See also Schengen Agreement 1985 European Council European Commission European Parliament European Central Bank Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

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Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

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Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

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Question: where is the EU headquarters?

European Union

Category:International Organizations Category:Nobel Peace Prize Winners Category:Intergovernmental Organizations Category:G20 Countries


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

The Dōngzhì Festival or Winter Solstice Festival (literally: The arrival of Winter) is one of the most important festivals celebrated by Chinese and other East Asian peoples during the shortest day length of the year or around December 22.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

The 12th month of Lunar dating is named la-yue and the special prayer in that month is called la-ji</i>in honor of the agricultural god Shennong.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

Cats and tigers are also thought to help secure agriculture: cats catch rats and tigers prey on wild boars that are agricultural pests.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

After prayers, the community continues the festival with a massive banquet.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

Now this la-ji is no longer performed, instead held Dongzhi prayers on December 22.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

At the time of the Zhou Dynasty, people congratulated each other for making it through the coldest winter and the sunlight strengthened again [1] The origin of the festival can be traced from the philosophy of Yin and Yang, the balance and harmony of the cosmos.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

After the solstice, the length of the day will be more and more elongated so that more positive energy flows in.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

This philosophy is symbolized by fù (, “Back”) in Ba Gua I-Ching.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

The Name and Implementation of Dongzhi (Hanzi:; hanyu pinyin: Dōngzhì; bopomofo:) is also referred to in the Hokkian logat as Tang-chì.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

Also called Tang-cheh or Tang-coeh ().


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

The Japanese call it Tōji (), Korean Dongji (), Vietnamese Đông Chí (), Indonesian Tang-cek.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

This festival in Indonesia is also called Hari Wedang Ronde.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

At the time of the Dongzhi celebration, the sun was at a position of 23.5° South latitude and moving towards the north. [1]


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

That is why the day of the execution of Dongzhi (according to the observation of the sky) is a little bit different every year.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

The 2010 season occurred on December 22, in 2011 on December 22, and in 2013 on December 21.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

Dongzhi usually falls on the 21st when the year is under the influence of Rat, Dragon, and Monkey shio. [1]


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

Traditional Dongzhi is one of the festivals where all family members gather together.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

Usually, especially by Chinese peoples living in the southern part and across the sea, they eat tangyuan () or a kind of ball-shaped cake made of glutinous rice flour, sometimes given a red dye.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

Each family member receives at least one large and several small Tangyuan grains, served with sweet sauce sometimes mixed with arak or jiuniang flowers.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

According to ancient tradition, people from the same clan or tribe would gather at their respective ancestral shrines to worship.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

Next will be held a large banquet after the prayer ceremony is completed.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

The food eaten during the festival also serves as a reminder that then the year is old and it is expected to be better on the new year.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

In Taiwan The Taiwanese Society considers the Dongzhi Festival to be very important.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

They eat tangyuan and pray to the ancestors.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

Based on ancient history, many people who take part of the offerings then put them on doors or windows as well as chairs and tables.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

It is believed that the blessed tangyuan will become a protective talisman of evil creatures that are about to disturb children.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

A unique custom is that they present a nine-layer cake as an offering to ancestors.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

The cake is made from glutinous rice flour formed to resemble chicken, duck, turtle, pig, cow, or lamb, then steamed in a pot.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

In addition, they also consume medicinal foods, because for them winter is the time when physical activity should be reduced and nutritious food should be consumed so that the body remains healthy.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

The practice stems from the observation that some animals go into hibernation during the winter.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

Fatty and fleshy foods are preferred so that the body remains warm.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

Since Dongzhi is the most extreme winter, Taiwanese people consider it the best day of taking medicinal foods, because the body's metabolism slows down so that digestion becomes more perfect.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

Some medicinal foods commonly consumed are lamb meat stew and ginger duck.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

Other foods such as chicken, pork, abalone are also often consumed as medicinal foods, mixed with herbs such as gingseng, deer antlers, and a type of medicinal mushroom. [2]


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

In Indonesia Chinese people in Indonesia used to present wedang rounds on Dongzhi celebrations day.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

Finished praying, the family will burn prayer paper and ignite firecrackers.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

Then the places that are considered to be inhabited by a protective spirit are plastered with one or two rounds (main doors, shutters, scatters, wells, cabinets, tables and chairs) while praying for children to be given blessings and protection. [1]


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

Folklore On sauatu day the Emperor was reviewing empire-building.


Question: is the Dōngzhì Festival still performed?

Dongzhi

He saw so good the building, everyone was involved in the construction and very capable of the workmanship.