human
Give me essay for increase in dependency on fossil fuel and other non renewable energy sources that is facing challenges because of environmental concerns and economic reasons. Give me Issues presented in the case study only.
assistant
The issues presented in this case were mainly concerned with the energy demands in Ontario. The need for the electricity supply mix to be replaced was the main issues that brought for aspect of alternative energy sources. Large and Berkeley found out that renewable energy source was the way to go since other energy sources presented economic problems, environmental problems and scarcity.
They did an analysis of the different renewable energy sources and discovered that they could only venture into the renewable energy source that used the technology which they were best suited to capitalize on. A renewable energy source such as geothermal is pretty cheap but requires a lot of capital in order to establish its economic viability. Solar photovoltaic energy also requires a relatively large amount of capital although the standard offer price is pretty cheaper than some of the other sources.
human
Give me Analysis of the case study section. End with the words 'Richard Ivy School'.
assistant
Large and Berkeley provides several different analysis of their research. They tabulate their data to compare between all the renewable energy that they researched on. There is also an analysis of the different energy sources that supply energy in Ontario. In an analysis of 2005 energy sources, it is evident that nuclear energy was the dominant energy source followed by renewable and coal in that order. Conservation was the least energy source that came behind gas and cogen.
Another analysis done for the future supply of energy in Ontario in the year 2025 indicates that renewables will take over from nuclear to become the dominant energy supplier. Nuclear takes the second position followed by gas and cogen, conservation and gasification in that order.
The graph below shows the general trend of the energy sources from the year 2005 to the year 2025.
Figure 1: graph of the trend of energy sources between the years 2005 and 2025.
Reeds, A. (2010). Renewable Energy Co. Richard Ivy School of Business Foundation
Series 1 represents the energy fractions in the year 2025 while series two shows the fractions in the year 2005.
In addition, Ontario’s standard offer program payment schedule tabulated in the file shows that solar photovoltaic energy is valued at $0.11 per Kilowatt hour. This price is way above the other energy sources that are offered the same value of $ 0.11 per kilowatt hour. All the prices are at base price.
The photovoltaic potential of Canadian cities is also compared to that of other cities. From the table, it can be deduced that Canadian cities have relatively high photovoltaic potential compared to many other world cities. The city of Regina is the sixth city with the most solar photovoltaic potential. It is followed by Calgary, Toronto, Vancouver, and St. John.
Another comparison was done on some quick facts for the renewable energies researched. The standard offer program price for solar voltaic energy potential is 42 cent per kW installed while that of other renewable energy sources like wind, hydropower and biogas is 11.08 cent per kW.
While there is an inflation index of 20 percent of the price increases by the consumer price index for all other renewable sources, the solar photovoltaic energy project has no inflation index. When the capital cost of the renewable energy sources are compared, solar photovoltaic energy leads with an estimated capital cost of $10, 000 to $14, 000, per kW installed. The table below summarizes the above analysis.
Table 1: Table of comparison of all the renewables discussed
             Solar photovoltaic                wind                               hydro                          biogas                         
Standard offer time    42 cent/kWh                    11.08 cent/kWh                          11.08 cent/kWh                      11.08 cent/kWh                     
Inflation index      None                       20% of the contract price increases by the consumer price index 20% of the price increases by the Consumer Price Index  20% of the price increases by the Consumer Price Index 
On-peak rate       Not legible                    Not eligible                           3.52 cent/kWh (must be 80%)               3.52 cent/kWh (must be 80%)              
Capital cost (estimated) $10,000-$14,000                  $2,000-$2,750 per kW installed                  $4,000 to $7,000 per kW installed            $4,000 to $7,000 per kW installed           
Average lead time     1-6 months                    3-4 years                            4 to 7 years                       2 years                        
                                      None for < 2MW                                                      None for <5 MW                     
Environmental permits   None                                                        All projects require an environmental screening process                             
                                      Environmental screening for all projects > 2 MW                                      Environmental screening for >5 MW           
                                                                                                                               
                                      Municipal permit                                                                                 
                                                                                                                               
                                      Navigation Canada                        Ministry of Natural Resources                                          
                                                                                                                               
             Building permit                  Transport Canada possible official plan and zoning amendments  Water supply issues                   Municipal permits                   
Other permits                                                                                                                        
             zoning                      Possible bylaw changes                      Zoning                          Official plans and zoning bylaws            
                                                                                                                               
                                      Building permits                         Building permits                                                
                                                                                                                               
                                      Property tax reclassification                                                                          
                                                                                                                               
             Ontario energy board license           Ontario energy board license                   Ontario Energy Board License               Ontario Energy Board License              
                                                                                                                               
Connection        Local distribution company connection agreement  Local distribution company connection agreement         Local Distribution Company Connection Agreement     Local Distribution Company Connection Agreement    
                                                                                                                               
             Electrical safety authority certification     Electrical safety authority certification            Electrical Safety Authority Certification        Electrical Safety Authority Certification       
                                                                                                                               
                                      Shores of the Great Lakes                    Steep rivers, streams, creeks or springs                                    
                                                                                                                               
Resource         South-facing, inclining approximately 45 degrees Areas with high elevations                    Flowing year-round                    Proximity to renewable biomass             
                                                                                                                               
                                      Exposure to prevailing wind directions              Hilly areas with high year-round rainfall                                    
                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                   Canadian Bioenergy Association (CANBIO)        
                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                   www.canbio.ca                     
                                      Canadian Wind Energy Association (CanWEA)            Ontario Waterpower Association (OWA)                                      
                                                                                                   Canadian Biogas Association              
                                      www.canwea.ca                          www.owa.ca                                                   
Industry association   Canadian solar industry association                                                                     www.biogas.ca                     
                                      Ontario Sustainable Energy Association (OSEA)          Ministry of Natural Resources                                          
                                                                                                   Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs
                                      www.ontario-sea.org                       www.mnr.gov.on.ca                                                
                                                                                                   (OMAFRA)                        
                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                   www.omafra.gov.on.ca                  
                                                                                                                               
Adapted from Reeds, A. (2010). Renewable Energy Co. Richard Ivy School of Business Foundation
human
Give me Summary of the case study section.
assistant
The increase in dependency on fossil fuel and other non renewable energy sources is facing challenges because of environmental concerns and economic reasons. Fossil fuel releases green house gases and is prone to price fluctuations while hydroelectric power is dependent on environmental conditions.
Many countries are looking for alternative energy sources that are renewable cleaner and independent from price fluctuations. Solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy are the main renewable sources of energy. This paper gives a summary of the renewable energy sources that two students contemplated and researched after finishing their graduate school.
human
Give me Results section. Start with the words 'From the graph in'.
assistant
From the graph in figure 1, even though the energy output and usage increases, the general trend is that renewable energy is slowly but gradually taking over the energy scene. From the table above, it can be deduced that solar energy is the most expensive in terms of standard offer time. Solar photovoltaic energy also requires the most capital cost. It is also quite expensive in terms of average lead time. However, solar energy needs no environmental permit and has the least number of permits needed.
human
Recommendations
assistant
It is beyond doubt that renewable energy is the most appropriate alternative energy source that can be utilize for sustainable economic growth and environment management.
Since fossil fuel prices are always fluctuating, they affect economies and thus contribute to inflation. Fossil fuels also contribute to greenhouse gases because they produce carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Carbon dioxide depletes the ozone layer which is essential for blocking ultraviolet rays that may otherwise cause skin cancer. Sulfur dioxide is known to cause acid rain that corrodes man made structures.
Renewable energy sources are clean, cheaper, and stable for economic development. In my own opinion, since wind, solar, hydroelectricity and biogas, all depend on environmental conditions, I would recommend geothermal energy to be sourced in tectonically active areas. This renewable energy source does not depend on climatic conditions. It is available throughout the years and the earth’s interior is not going to cool soon.
human
Give me the whole essay based on the above. Start with the words '##Summary of the case'.
assistant
##Summary of the case study
The increase in dependency on fossil fuel and other non renewable energy sources is facing challenges because of environmental concerns and economic reasons. Fossil fuel releases green house gases and is prone to price fluctuations while hydroelectric power is dependent on environmental conditions.
Many countries are looking for alternative energy sources that are renewable cleaner and independent from price fluctuations. Solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy are the main renewable sources of energy. This paper gives a summary of the renewable energy sources that two students contemplated and researched after finishing their graduate school.
##Issues presented in the case study
The issues presented in this case were mainly concerned with the energy demands in Ontario. The need for the electricity supply mix to be replaced was the main issues that brought for aspect of alternative energy sources. Large and Berkeley found out that renewable energy source was the way to go since other energy sources presented economic problems, environmental problems and scarcity.
They did an analysis of the different renewable energy sources and discovered that they could only venture into the renewable energy source that used the technology which they were best suited to capitalize on. A renewable energy source such as geothermal is pretty cheap but requires a lot of capital in order to establish its economic viability. Solar photovoltaic energy also requires a relatively large amount of capital although the standard offer price is pretty cheaper than some of the other sources.
##Analysis of the case study
Large and Berkeley provides several different analysis of their research. They tabulate their data to compare between all the renewable energy that they researched on. There is also an analysis of the different energy sources that supply energy in Ontario. In an analysis of 2005 energy sources, it is evident that nuclear energy was the dominant energy source followed by renewable and coal in that order. Conservation was the least energy source that came behind gas and cogen.
Another analysis done for the future supply of energy in Ontario in the year 2025 indicates that renewables will take over from nuclear to become the dominant energy supplier. Nuclear takes the second position followed by gas and cogen, conservation and gasification in that order.
The graph below shows the general trend of the energy sources from the year 2005 to the year 2025.
Figure 1: graph of the trend of energy sources between the years 2005 and 2025.
Reeds, A. (2010). Renewable Energy Co. Richard Ivy School of Business Foundation
Series 1 represents the energy fractions in the year 2025 while series two shows the fractions in the year 2005.
In addition, Ontario’s standard offer program payment schedule tabulated in the file shows that solar photovoltaic energy is valued at $0.11 per Kilowatt hour. This price is way above the other energy sources that are offered the same value of $ 0.11 per kilowatt hour. All the prices are at base price.
The photovoltaic potential of Canadian cities is also compared to that of other cities. From the table, it can be deduced that Canadian cities have relatively high photovoltaic potential compared to many other world cities. The city of Regina is the sixth city with the most solar photovoltaic potential. It is followed by Calgary, Toronto, Vancouver, and St. John.
Another comparison was done on some quick facts for the renewable energies researched. The standard offer program price for solar voltaic energy potential is 42 cent per kW installed while that of other renewable energy sources like wind, hydropower and biogas is 11.08 cent per kW.
While there is an inflation index of 20 percent of the price increases by the consumer price index for all other renewable sources, the solar photovoltaic energy project has no inflation index. When the capital cost of the renewable energy sources are compared, solar photovoltaic energy leads with an estimated capital cost of $10, 000 to $14, 000, per kW installed. The table below summarizes the above analysis.
Table 1: Table of comparison of all the renewables discussed
             Solar photovoltaic                wind                               hydro                          biogas                         
Standard offer time    42 cent/kWh                    11.08 cent/kWh                          11.08 cent/kWh                      11.08 cent/kWh                     
Inflation index      None                       20% of the contract price increases by the consumer price index 20% of the price increases by the Consumer Price Index  20% of the price increases by the Consumer Price Index 
On-peak rate       Not legible                    Not eligible                           3.52 cent/kWh (must be 80%)               3.52 cent/kWh (must be 80%)              
Capital cost (estimated) $10,000-$14,000                  $2,000-$2,750 per kW installed                  $4,000 to $7,000 per kW installed            $4,000 to $7,000 per kW installed           
Average lead time     1-6 months                    3-4 years                            4 to 7 years                       2 years                        
                                      None for < 2MW                                                      None for <5 MW                     
Environmental permits   None                                                        All projects require an environmental screening process                             
                                      Environmental screening for all projects > 2 MW                                      Environmental screening for >5 MW           
                                                                                                                               
                                      Municipal permit                                                                                 
                                                                                                                               
                                      Navigation Canada                        Ministry of Natural Resources                                          
                                                                                                                               
             Building permit                  Transport Canada possible official plan and zoning amendments  Water supply issues                   Municipal permits                   
Other permits                                                                                                                        
             zoning                      Possible bylaw changes                      Zoning                          Official plans and zoning bylaws            
                                                                                                                               
                                      Building permits                         Building permits                                                
                                                                                                                               
                                      Property tax reclassification                                                                          
                                                                                                                               
             Ontario energy board license           Ontario energy board license                   Ontario Energy Board License               Ontario Energy Board License              
                                                                                                                               
Connection        Local distribution company connection agreement  Local distribution company connection agreement         Local Distribution Company Connection Agreement     Local Distribution Company Connection Agreement    
                                                                                                                               
             Electrical safety authority certification     Electrical safety authority certification            Electrical Safety Authority Certification        Electrical Safety Authority Certification       
                                                                                                                               
                                      Shores of the Great Lakes                    Steep rivers, streams, creeks or springs                                    
                                                                                                                               
Resource         South-facing, inclining approximately 45 degrees Areas with high elevations                    Flowing year-round                    Proximity to renewable biomass             
                                                                                                                               
                                      Exposure to prevailing wind directions              Hilly areas with high year-round rainfall                                    
                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                   Canadian Bioenergy Association (CANBIO)        
                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                   www.canbio.ca                     
                                      Canadian Wind Energy Association (CanWEA)            Ontario Waterpower Association (OWA)                                      
                                                                                                   Canadian Biogas Association              
                                      www.canwea.ca                          www.owa.ca                                                   
Industry association   Canadian solar industry association                                                                     www.biogas.ca                     
                                      Ontario Sustainable Energy Association (OSEA)          Ministry of Natural Resources                                          
                                                                                                   Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs
                                      www.ontario-sea.org                       www.mnr.gov.on.ca                                                
                                                                                                   (OMAFRA)                        
                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                   www.omafra.gov.on.ca                  
                                                                                                                               
Adapted from Reeds, A. (2010). Renewable Energy Co. Richard Ivy School of Business Foundation
##Results
From the graph in figure 1, even though the energy output and usage increases, the general trend is that renewable energy is slowly but gradually taking over the energy scene. From the table above, it can be deduced that solar energy is the most expensive in terms of standard offer time. Solar photovoltaic energy also requires the most capital cost. It is also quite expensive in terms of average lead time. However, solar energy needs no environmental permit and has the least number of permits needed.
##Recommendations
It is beyond doubt that renewable energy is the most appropriate alternative energy source that can be utilize for sustainable economic growth and environment management.
Since fossil fuel prices are always fluctuating, they affect economies and thus contribute to inflation. Fossil fuels also contribute to greenhouse gases because they produce carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Carbon dioxide depletes the ozone layer which is essential for blocking ultraviolet rays that may otherwise cause skin cancer. Sulfur dioxide is known to cause acid rain that corrodes man made structures.
Renewable energy sources are clean, cheaper, and stable for economic development. In my own opinion, since wind, solar, hydroelectricity and biogas, all depend on environmental conditions, I would recommend geothermal energy to be sourced in tectonically active areas. This renewable energy source does not depend on climatic conditions. It is available throughout the years and the earth’s interior is not going to cool soon.
human
Write a summary for this essay.
assistant
The increase in dependency on fossil fuel and other non renewable energy sources is facing challenges because of environmental concerns and economic reasons. Fossil fuel releases green house gases and is prone to price fluctuations while hydroelectric power is dependent on environmental conditions. Many countries are looking for alternative energy sources that are renewable cleaner and independent from price fluctuations. Solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy are the main renewable sources of energy.
human
Delete the first sentence.
assistant
Fossil fuel releases green house gases and is prone to price fluctuations while hydroelectric power is dependent on environmental conditions. Many countries are looking for alternative energy sources that are renewable cleaner and independent from price fluctuations. Solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy are the main renewable sources of energy.
human
What could be a reference for this essay?
assistant
inclining approximately 45 degrees Areas with high elevations                    Flowing year-round                    Proximity to renewable biomass
human
Another reference?
assistant
Food and Rural Affairs
human
What could be a reference for this essay?
assistant
Richard Ivy School of Business Foundation