The US president has been accused of "leaking state secrets" by a former White House official.
The White House has said President Barack Obama has not been briefed on the documents.
The White House has said President Barack Obama has not been briefed on the documents.
The documents were released by the National Security Agency

A UKIP parliamentary candidate who said in a Facebook post that Israel should "kidnap" US President Barack Obama has been replaced by his party.

Article: James O'Brien will serve in the new role created to boost efforts "to safely recover American hostages abroad," it said in statement.
It follows criticism over how the government handles hostage situations after a number of deaths this year.
In June, the White House gave families permission to make ransom payments.
Until that point, the US government had the power to threaten them with prosecution if they tried to pay their relative's captors ransom - although to date the Justice Department has never followed through on this threat.
President Barack Obama's administration has drawn criticism for its long-standing policy of prohibiting concessions to militant groups.
It has also come under increasing pressure since it was revealed some European governments had been paying Islamic State (IS) militants to free their nationals abducted in Syria and Iraq.
The family of US journalist James Foley, who was beheaded by IS a year ago, said they felt they had no-one "accountable for Jim" during the time he was being held hostage.
The father of Kayla Mueller, an American aid worker who died whilst held in IS captivity in February, has also expressed frustration with US policies regarding hostages.
"They put policy in front of American citizens' lives," Carl Mueller told NBC Today, two weeks after his daughter's death was confirmed.
The policy changes announced two months ago said the administration needed to enhance its focus "on diplomatic efforts to ensure the safe return of American hostages to their families".
In a statement released on Friday, the White House said Mr O'Brien was "uniquely qualified to serve in this position given his extensive background in diplomacy and international negotiations".
Mr O'Brien, a former special presidential envoy for the Balkans, has been instructed to work directly with families of hostages and help synchronise efforts to to secure the release of their family members.

Summary: The White House has appointed its first presidential envoy for hostage affairs as part of the US government's review on responding to hostage situations.
###
Article: The warning comes from uSwitch, the price comparison and switching service.
It says the biggest increases will be for Npower customers, who could see their bills rise £399.
It adds that 50 fixed energy plans are coming to an end this summer, more than ever before.
There are 14 popular fixed-tariff deals from eight suppliers ending this month alone. The average price increase for customers whose deals end in July is £274 per year.
The biggest hikes are for those on fixed price tariffs with Npower, First Utility (£364) and EDF Energy (£360).
Fixed tariffs can protect customers against rising prices, but have cancellation charges if they wish to switch to a different supplier.
Energy regulator Ofgem says two-thirds of customers are on standard variable tariffs, which are typically higher than fixed rate tariffs and do not have cancellation charges.
Claire Osborne, from uSwitch.com said: "Switching tariff is incredibly easy and is definitely worth 10 minutes online, on the phone or on an app.
"You can switch without incurring any exit fees 42 days before the contract end date, and comparing and switching takes just minutes to do."
Ofgem said that last year saw a surge in customers changing energy suppliers, with switching reaching its highest level since 2010, at about 16% of gas and electricity customers.
Of these switches, nearly half (47%) were to small or medium suppliers.
The uSwitch site is owned by property website Zoopla. It provides a free service to consumers, but charges suppliers a fee when it switches customers to them.

Summary: Half a million households could see a 51% increase in their energy bills this summer - if they simply allow their old fixed-price tariffs to roll over.
###
Article: Jeremy Zeid, who was standing in Hendon, said President Obama should be "locked up" by the Israelis for "leaking state secrets".
He was referring to the declassifying of documents on Israel's secret nuclear programme.
UKIP said Mr Zeid resigned last week due to health issues.
It is not clear exactly when he resigned, but he made the posts last Wednesday and Thursday.
Raymond Shamash, a surgeon originally from north-west London, was revealed as Mr Zeid's replacement after news of the Facebook posts emerged.
Mr Zeid also said Israel should "do an Eichmann" on President Obama.
Adolf Eichmann was a Nazi war criminal abducted by Israeli agents in 1960 and later hanged for his role in the murders of millions of Jews in World War Two.
Hendon is one of the most marginal seats in the country with the Conservatives defending a majority of 106.

Summary:


The Sutton Trust has warned that the UK's vocational education system is "not working" and that too many young people are being offered "low-quality" qualifications.
The Sutton Trust has called for a "radical overhaul" of the vocational education system in England.
The report, which was commissioned by the Sutton Trust

Apprenticeships in England need to be overhauled to stop many young people being awarded practical qualifications that have little worth, a report says.

Article: Samsung said: "Shipments of the Galaxy Note 7 are being temporarily delayed for additional quality assurance inspections."
There are reports in South Korea and the US of the Galaxy Note 7 "exploding" either during or just after charging.
However, it is unclear whether the delay is because of these reports.
Pictures and videos shared online depict charred and burnt handsets.
Shares fell as much as 3.5% during trade in Seoul before making a partial recovery to close 2% down on the day.
Sister company Samsung SDI told Reuters that while it was a supplier of Galaxy Note 7 batteries, it had received no information to suggest the batteries were faulty.
A YouTube user who says they live in the US uploaded a video of a Galaxy Note 7 with burnt rubber casing and damaged screen under the name Ariel Gonzalez on 29 August.
He said the handset "caught fire" shortly after he unplugged the official Samsung charger, less than a fortnight after purchasing it.
"I came home after work, put it to charge for a little bit before I had class, went to put it on my waist and it caught fire," he said.
He added that while he was unharmed, his carpet was burnt in the incident.
At least five other claims of phones "exploding" had been made by 24 August, according to the Korean news agency Yonhap News.
Further images of a burnt Galaxy Note 7 were uploaded to Kakao Story, a popular social media site in Korea, on 30 August.
A user wrote: "There was another explosion of the Galaxy Note 7. It was my friend's phone. A Samsung employee checked the site and he is currently in talks over the compensation with Samsung. You should use its original charger just in case and leave the phone far away from where you are while charging."
The post has since been deleted, according to Business Korea.
Rival Apple is due to hold an event on 7 September, where it is expected to announce its latest iPhone.
"The timing could not be worse for Samsung," said Roberta Cozza, research director at Gartner.
"Samsung was back on track with its premium phones after the...

Summary: Shares in Samsung have fallen after it delayed shipments of its latest smartphone - but without giving a detailed reason for the decision.
###
Article: The bank's commitment is included in the new charter for small and medium enterprises by its parent company Lloyds Banking Group.
The group has set a target of supporting 5,000 new exporters across the UK in 2016 and 25,000 by 2020.
The charter also pledges to boost lending to small businesses by Â£1bn.
Graham Blair, from the Bank of Scotland, said: "The future success of the Scottish economy hinges on small businesses looking to overseas markets for growth.
"Through this new pledge, we want to support a new legion of Scottish exporters, and ultimately to help the Scottish economy to prosper."
Lloyds Banking Group said it planned to invest Â£450m in digital technology and training in the next three years, including creating a new international trade portal enabling UK businesses to discover opportunities across the globe.
The group has trained more than 300 UK staff in international trade and has a network of export specialists across the country to help develop and advise on overseas trading opportunities.
UK Trade and Investment Minister Lord Price said: "This government has committed to having 100,000 more UK companies exporting by 2020 and this pledge by Lloyds is a welcome contribution towards this target.
"It's great to see the banks doing their bit to support small and medium-sized businesses looking to invest and create jobs."

Summary: The Bank of Scotland has pledged to help Scottish businesses become first-time exporters to boost the nation's economy.
###
Article: Compared with other European countries, many apprenticeships are low quality and too short, the Sutton Trust warns.
It says thousands of apprenticeships should be created to boost the economy and improve youngsters' job prospects.
The Department for Education says apprenticeships are being reformed to "drive up standards".
The Association of Colleges said some existing apprenticeships were respected by industry and should be preserved.
The study, which was carried out by the Boston Consulting Group on behalf of the Sutton Trust, says fewer than 200,000 of the 520,000 apprenticeships starting in England every year are rated at level three - which is equivalent to A-level.
The report cites figures that suggest  apprenticeships are offered by just one in five (20%) of employers in England, compared with over half (51%) in Germany, which, the report says, is considered to have one of the best vocational education systems.
Only 61,000 new apprenticeship starts were for young people, whereas in Germany, 570,000 new apprenticeships are for youngsters and 90% of these are equivalent to A-levels.
The report also notes that England's vocational system has 18,000 different qualifications, while Germany has 330.
The report warns that since 2010, more than half (58%) of apprenticeships have been below level three and three-quarters have been aimed at those over the age of 25, many of whom are already in work.
And it warns 11 young people are competing for each apprenticeship.
In his foreword to the report, Sutton Trust chairman Sir Peter Lampl said the report had found that, with some exceptions, the opportunities on offer to young people who did not go to university were "poor".
The attitude in England, with some exceptions, was very different to that in countries such as Germany and Switzerland, he said.
"Instead of a clear system of respected vocational routes, we suffer from a complicated patchwork where too many young people are offered qualifications of little worth in a system that confuses employers and is not...

Summary:

Article: {{document}}

Summary: ||| {{target}}


The inquest into the deaths of Barry Joy and Daniel Timbers, both from Norwich, is continuing.
The inquest into the deaths of Barry Joy and Daniel Timbers, both from Norwich, is continuing.
The inquest into the deaths of Barry Joy and Daniel Timbers, both from Norwich, is continuing.
The inquest into the

Two men who died in a paint-spraying booth were so badly burned they could only be identified using their dental records, an inquest has heard.

Article: First Minister Carwyn Jones said "it would be difficult to conceive" a scenario where fees are abolished in England but not Wales.
Labour's leaked draft manifesto included a pledge to abolish fees.
Grants that cover the bulk of fees are set to be scrapped from next September, replaced with support for living costs following an earlier review.
Thursday's leaked UK Labour manifesto contained a pledge that Labour "will reintroduce maintenance grants for university students, and we will abolish university tuition fees".
It is estimated that the policy would cost more than £7bn a year.
Welsh Labour leader Mr Jones said: "Clearly if there are no tuition fees in England that's bound to have an effect on the way we see things in Wales."
Universities can charge a maximum of £9,000 for a full-time undergraduate course but Welsh students only currently pay the first £3,900.
The rest has been paid for by the taxpayer - at a cost of £237m in 2015-16.
But last year the Welsh Government outlined a new system which would give all students £1,000 a year towards the costs of living, before a means tested grant is then awarded.
A student from a family on average income should receive £7,000 a year.
Ministers in the Welsh Government have maintained that living costs rather than fees - which can be paid back over time after students start work - are a bigger barrier to poorer students going to university.
Since 2012, a significant portion of Welsh students' fees have been paid for by the Welsh government, wherever they study in the UK.
The current Welsh education minister is the assembly's only Welsh Liberal Democrat - Kirsty Williams.
A Welsh Lib Dem spokesman said Jeremy Corbyn "isn't going to win the election". "Living costs, not fees, are the biggest barrier to young people accessing universities," he added.
Plaid Cymru's Liz Saville Roberts said her party "has a longstanding policy to work towards scrapping tuition fees altogether so that higher education is accessible to as many young people as possible".
UKIP's education...

Summary: Wales could follow England's lead and abolish tuition fees if Labour wins the general election.
###
Article: Almost 1,500 people have signed up for the scheme that was launched on Monday.
One customer reported problems at Cromac Street docking station, and told the BBC that even the boss of Belfast City Council was unable to help him.
The council and the firm that runs the scheme said teething problems had been resolved and it was now working well.
Customer Bernard McClure told BBC Radio Ulster he had paid to use the scheme to cycle to work on Monday morning, but he could not release a bike from the docking station.
"I had the [bike-share scheme] application on my phone and whenever I went to the station it sends a code to your phone, but there's no instructions as to actually where you enter the code and the bike just remained locked."
Mr McClure said he spent 15 to 20 minutes trying to get the system to work but was unsuccessful.
He added that during his struggle, he was approached by a woman who asked him how he was getting on.
"Then she introduced herself as the chief executive of Belfast City Council and she suggested that I ring the helpline.  While she was standing there I tried it four or five times and it [the helpline] was unobtainable.
"She mentioned that apparently there should have been assistance at each station but there wasn't any at that station at the bottom of Cromac Street," Mr McClure added.
He said he then gave up and walked to work.
In a statement, Belfast City Council said: "We are aware of a few teething problems at a small number of stations, but these have been resolved and overall the scheme is working well and being well used."
NSL, the company that operates the Belfast bike-share scheme said it "has got off to a fantastic start but we have identified a few day one technical issues, which our technicians are now working on".
"A cyclist reported that a bike wouldn't release from the Cromac Street docking station - we are looking into this," the firm said.
The NSL statement added that a bike terminal at Central Station/Stewart Street "is currently out of order due to vandalism".
"We...

Summary: Belfast's new public bike-share scheme has been hit by problems on its first day, including technical difficulties and helpline issues.
###
Article: Barry Joy, 56 and Daniel Timbers, 28, died in a "fierce fire" following an explosion at digger bucket maker Harford Attachments in Norwich in 2015.
The coroner said Mr Timbers had been standing in for his father who was ill.
Post-mortem examinations said the men died as a result of the effects of fire and inhalation of fumes of combustion.
The inquest was told staff heard a "loud noise" at about 09:00 BST on 13 July 2015.
"Staff evacuated the premises, with some of them bravely trying to rescue Mr Timbers and Mr Joy," coroner Yvonne Blake told the Norwich inquest.
She added, "Their bodies were recovered from the booth afterwards."
Paint sprayer Mr Joy, of Spencer Street, Norwich and production operative Daniel Timbers, of Dereham Road, Norwich, were working in one of two booths bought from RAF Lyneham in Wiltshire when the base was closed down.
Kenneth Stedman, managing director of Ipswich-based Industrial Powder and Paint Services, advised Harford Attachments on the transaction.
The inquest heard the two units were "well kept for their age" and he advised the company that they would be suitable to be set up as they were on the airbase.
The coroner said the jury inquest, which is continuing, would hear evidence about training of staff, policies on site and extraction equipment on the paint-spraying booths.

Summary:


The UK government has been warned it could face a legal challenge over its plans to trigger Article 50 without the consent of the devolved administrations.
The warning comes as the prime minister prepares to table a bill in the House of Commons to trigger Article 50.
The letter, signed by the group of lawyers, says:

A legal challenge over the UK leaving the European Union (EU) is to be launched in Northern Ireland.

Article: Humza Yousaf revealed the move after widespread criticism of existing ScotRail services.
He said the contract could be cancelled in 2020 and contingency plans were in place for the Scottish government to take over train services earlier.
ScotRail said it was working to implement a 246-point improvement plan.
Scottish Labour said Mr Yousaf was "running out of excuses".
Dutch firm Abellio took over the ScotRail franchise in April last year in a 10-year deal worth up to Â£6bn but with the option for the Scottish government to cancel it at the halfway point.
Since then it has been regularly criticised over punctuality and reliability, with a broken-down train in Edinburgh last week causing widespread disruption.
Speaking on the BBC's Sunday Politics Scotland programme, he said current performance levels were "unacceptable" and confirmed Abellio could be stripped of the contract if punctuality dipped below 84.3% for three consecutive months.
He said:  "If the Scottish government, if Transport Scotland had to take over the railways tomorrow, we have contingency plans in place to do that."
According to the latest performance data from ScotRail, 86% of trains were on time or less than five minutes late between 16 October and 12 November.
Mr Yousaf confirmed the Scottish government's preference for a public sector operator to run the service, suggesting this could happen from 2020 when there is a break point in the contract.
He said: "My position is that we're going to put together a public sector bid.
"I'm going to be calling on the unions this week - and indeed other political parties - to join with me in a discussion about how we might put together a viable public sector bid."
The SNP has previously promised to open up the rail franchise to public sector bids, under powers devolved in the Scotland Act 2016.
Mr Yousaf refused be drawn on whether he favoured nationalising the railways in Scotland, pointing out that the Scottish Parliament does not currently have that power.
However, he said there was "a strong...

Summary: Scotland's transport minister is to invite unions and other political parties to talks next week on setting up a public sector train operator.
###
Article: The scheme would form part of the £300m University of Wales Trinity Saint David development on the SA1 waterfront.
It would provide affordable space for start-up firms and have links with the university's academic programme.
Through that, students, academics and businesses would be brought together to share expertise and explore new ideas for growth.
Once a business has outgrown the space provided in the box village, it can then be accommodated in an "innovation precinct" with academic support of the university's business and management department.
Prof Medwin Hughes, the university's vice-chancellor, said the box village and the innovation precinct would help to grow new businesses, develop the skills of current ones and attract new investment into the region.
"Through such activities the university will create new opportunities for employment, helping to generate more footfall and spending in the city centre and to retain some of the brightest entrepreneurial talents," he added.
A phased 215,000 sq ft (20,000 sq m) development would consist of a series of hubs with a focus on the university's academic programme.
The aim is to create opportunities for the development of new businesses, products and services.
Hub examples:
Swansea council leader Rob Stewart said the box village would allow entrepreneurs to "flourish and expand".
He added: "Once the components of a box village are in place, they really can look particularly striking and impressive.
"This project would complement our plans to develop a digital district on Kingsway and a digital square at the St David's development site which would include digital artworks and digital projections."

Summary: Plans for a "box village" built out of shipping containers in Swansea have been unveiled.
###
Article: Former justice minister David Ford is among a cross-community group of politicians and human-rights activists involved in the bid.
Their lawyers have written to Prime Minister Theresa May urging her to consider the NI peace process before formally triggering Brexit.
A majority in Northern Ireland backed Remain in the June referendum.
Solicitors have threatened to take a judicial review before the High Court in Belfast - and ultimately to Europe's highest court - unless Mrs May addresses legal obligations which, they say, she must meet, including gaining the consent of the Stormont Assembly.
The prime minister and Northern Ireland Secretary James Brokenshire have been asked to reply within two weeks.
Can the law stop Brexit?
Others supporting the warning letter include: Green Party leader Steven Agnew; Social Democratic and Labour Party leader Colum Eastwood; senior Sinn FÃ©in Stormont Assembly member John O'Dowd; former head of the Progressive Unionist Party Dawn Purvis; ex-Equality Commission member and disability rights activist Monica Wilson OBE and the the Committee on the Administration of Justice human-rights group.
A legal challenge over the UK leaving the EU will be heard by the High Court in London in October, two judges have decided.
Government lawyers are expected to argue that the prime minister can use historic Royal Prerogative powers to start the process of withdrawing from the EU, a course the challengers say is unlawful.
They say Parliament must give its authorisation.

Summary:


The UN says more than 230,000 people have been killed in the conflict.
The UN says more than 230,000 people have been killed in the conflict.
The UN says more than 230,000 people have been killed in the conflict.
The UN says more than 230,000 people have been killed in

A bomb explosion has caused part of the walls of Aleppo's ancient citadel to collapse.

Article: The calculator works by adding up your costs for tickets, food and programmes and multiplying them across the season.
This season we have also compiled data on replica shirt prices, sourced from the clubs.
Because there is such a great variation in ticket prices between and within clubs, this figure is intended to give a general indication only.
Choosing 'season ticket' assumes that the holder buys the cheapest season ticket, and attends every home game in that league during the season, spending the same amount on food and drink per game.
Cup ties and play-off games are not included in the calculation.
The comparison of ticket costs between clubs works best if you enter realistic figures.
To provide a comparison at the end, we show how the price of the cheapest season tickets vary within your club's league.
Throughout the calculator, we compare how various costs have changed using data from previous BBC Price of Football surveys.
Some data comparisons are not available for clubs which were not included in previous years.
The 'price of a goal' is calculated by dividing the cost of a club's cheapest season ticket last season by the number of goals scored by the team at home in the same season.
Comparisons are not available for clubs which were not surveyed last season, or promoted to the Conference in 2014 (Altrincham, Dover, Eastleigh and Telford) or which do not operate traditional season tickets (Barnet).
Programme costs were not collected from European clubs, as many do not publish match-day programmes in the same way as British teams.
Some women's teams did not provide costs for a replica shirt; in these cases the calculator uses the equivalent price for a replica men's shirt.
The BBC contacted 207 clubs for the study. Of those, 176 were in England, Scotland and Wales and another 31 in Europe.
We recorded the prices for the most expensive, and cheapest, season tickets and adult match-day tickets as well as the cost of a cup of tea, a pie, a programme and an adult replica shirt.
The data was collated and...

Summary: Here's how the BBC's 2014 Price of Football calculator and survey were compiled.
###
Article: Leadership contender Steven Woolfe was treated in Strasbourg after he collapsed following the fracas at a UKIP meeting of MEPs on Thursday.
While he said he was "not impressed" by the incident, Mr Farage said he would not get involved "in the blame game".
But he insisted that "men behaving badly" was not a feature of his party.
Mr Farage was speaking to BBC 5Live from the US presidential debate in St Louis, a day after Mr Woolfe was discharged from hospital following the tussle at the European Parliament.
'Horrible incident'
Mr Farage said he had launched a probe that "will take place on Tuesday and Wednesday to find out exactly what happened".
He explained: "There was an altercation - two men sized up to each other - I'm not going to get involved in the blame game as to exactly who did what until we've had our inquiry, but I wasn't very impressed by the incident at all."
Asked if UKIP could be taken seriously as a political party following the fracas, Mr Farage referred to other scuffles involving former Labour MPs.
"Hang on - didn't we have a deputy prime minister [John Prescott] punch a member of the public just a few years ago? Didn't we have Eric Joyce - a Labour MP - who assaulted people in a bar in the House of Commons?
"I'm afraid men behaving badly is not just a feature of UKIP - it happens in other political parties.
"I regret we had this horrible incident last week that led to somebody at the end of the day becoming very ill, but I don't think you can judge an entire party on one incident."
Pressed on whether the event highlighted deep divisions within UKIP, Mr Farage retorted: "Things could be a lot worse - we could be the Labour Party, couldn't we?"
Mr Woolfe, 49, is among the favourites to be the party's next leader following the resignation of Diane James just 18 days after she was elected to the role.
He collapsed after the altercation had taken place during a gathering of UKIP MEPs to discuss whether he had been talking to the Conservative Party.
But Elizabeth Jones, a former leadership...

Summary: An inquiry into an altercation between two UKIP MEPs that landed one of them in hospital will begin on Tuesday, stand-in leader Nigel Farage has said.
###
Article: Built in the 13th Century, it overlooks Aleppo's Old City and is part of a UN-listed World Heritage site.
Syrian government forces have been using the citadel as a military position.
Government and rebel forces have been fighting for control of the city for over three years. It is not known which side caused the explosion.
Fighting on the ground and government air strikes have left thousands dead, and destroyed more than 60% of the Old City.
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a UK-based monitoring group, said the explosion occurred in the early hours of Sunday morning.
"The blast caused the collapse of part of the wall of the citadel," the organisation's chief, Rami Abdel Rahman, told AFP news agency.
The government says that rebel fighters set off a bomb in a tunnel beneath the citadel.
The use of tunnel bombs has become a common rebel tactic.
Since the start of July, rebel groups have been waging a major offensive against President Bashar al-Assad's troops in the city.
More than 230,000 people are believed to have been killed in Syria since the uprising against President Assad began in March 2011. Some 11.5 million others - more than half of the country's population - have fled their homes.

Summary:


The Haka is a traditional Maori dance.
The Haka is a traditional Maori dance.
The Haka is a traditional Maori dance.
The Haka is a traditional Maori dance.
The Haka is a traditional Maori dance.
The Haka is a traditional Maori dance

Prince Harry has taken part in a traditional Maori Haka during his tour of New Zealand.

Article: The Bosawas Biosphere Reserve is Central America's largest tropical forest with clouds constantly drifting over the hilly terrain.
But the Mayangna and Miskito people who live there say 30,000 hectares a year are being deforested by "colonists".
They are calling on US president Barack Obama, who is visiting the region, to support their battle.
Described by the United Nations as a global biological treasure, the reserve is located on the border between Nicaragua and Honduras and teems with wildlife.
The two million hectares are said to be home to 150,000 insect species, rare jaguars, eagles and crocodiles as well as the world's last populations of Baird's Tapir and the Central American Spider Monkey.
The Bosawas reserve also overlaps the homes of indigenous communities who have been there for centuries, living by hunting and fishing.
The Nicaraguan government recognised the full legal title of the Mayangna to their lands in 2007.
Since then, they say they have been subject to what they term an "invasion" by landless people from other parts of the country.
They claim to have documented 11,500 "colonists" who have deforested around 150,000 hectares since 2009.
Arisio Genaro, president of the Nacion Mayangna, told BBC News that this was an extremely serious threat to the future of the forest.
"The problem is that in the parts of our territory that we have zoned to be conservation forest, they are being invaded by settlers."
"Even we the Mayangna don't touch these forests, that's where the animals we hunt reproduce. If they destroy that, they will destroy our people."
"The world needs to know that we are in crisis because of our efforts to defend the natural resources that we survive on," he added.
Scientists are also concerned that the struggles between natives and colonists will have a detrimental impact on the region's biodiversity.
Leading researcher, Dr Thomas Lovejoy, who first coined the term back in 1980 said that protecting the Bosawas reserve was critical.
"Nicaragua has one of the three great blocs of...

Summary: A famed rainforest in Nicaragua is under growing threat from illegal loggers, say indigenous leaders.
###
Article: Stafford Hospital, which was renamed County Hospital, was at the centre of a Â£6m public inquiry into care failings, with overnight closures beginning in 2011.
Campaigners and rival politicians said a Conservative pledge to restore services was a "bribe".
But Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt denied the claim.
Mr Hunt said on Saturday that if the Conservatives won the election, overnight services would be restored as soon as soon as it was "clinically safe" to do so.
Campaigners have previously protested about the loss of services with marches through the town and a camp which was set up in the hospital grounds.
One of them, Karen Howell, is now standing for the National Health Action party in the Stafford constituency.
She said she thought the Conservative pledge was "an absolute outrage".
She said: "It's an election pledge bribe.
"Why have they spent Â£19.5m on the administration process to downgrade and get rid of these services, only to talk about bringing them back? It just seems ludicrous and such a waste of money."
But Mr Hunt denied it was a bribe, saying: "This hospital has been through a very, very difficult period.
"Really what I want to do is give a little bit of hope to the people who work in the hospital."
The Mid Staffordshire NHS Trust, which ran the hospital, went into administration in April 2013. The hospital is now run by a new trust.
A full list of candidates for the Stafford constituency can be found here.

Summary: A proposal to return A&E services to Stafford's hospital is not an "election bribe", the Conservatives have said.
###
Article: Media playback is unsupported on your device
13 May 2015 Last updated at 12:41 BST
The Haka means "fierce dance" and was traditionally performed by the Maoris before going into battle.
Nowadays the Haka is performed during special ceremonies.
The New Zealand rugby team also perform the special dance before all their international matches.
Prince Harry is currently on a week-long tour of New Zealand.

Summary:


The study found that the new test was more accurate than the current one.
The study was carried out by researchers from Imperial College London, the MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge

A new blood test could help diagnose people with inherited heart conditions, the British Heart Foundation has said.

Article: Hotels, restaurants, caterers and other businesses in the hospitality sector have benefited from the reduced 9% VAT rate since 2011.
Industry lobbyists say the rate has encouraged sales and employment.
But figures show the prices charged to consumers in many of these industries have actually risen in the last year.
Figures from the Revenue Commissioners show that if VAT returns had been paid at the full 13.5% there would have been an additional 644m euro (£472m) paid to the state, since 2011.
It is not possible to tell how much of those returns only exist because the rate was reduced.
Irish finance minister Michael Noonan warned the industry last year that the reduced rate would be reconsidered if prices began to rise.
However, the Consumer Price Index shows the cost of hotel accommodation rose by 5.2% between January 2014 and January 2015.
During the same period, hotel sector VAT returns totalled 135.6m euro (£99.5m).
If those sales had been charged at the higher rate, the return to the exchequer would have been an additional 69m euro (£50.6m).
A similar pattern emerged in the restaurant sector, with prices rising by almost 2% in the last 12 months.
During the same period, the Revenue may have lost out on 72m euro (£52.8m) in VAT payments from restaurants.
The Irish Hotels Federation (IHF) warned that the long-term future of the industry could be affected if the rate is returned to 13.5%.
It said tourist numbers have increased from 5.9m in 2011 to 7.3m in 2014 and significant employment has been generated as a result of the measure.
IHF president Stephen McNally said: "The government has to think if they turn off the tap are they at risk of chasing tourists away from the country?
"If you talk to anyone in the industry they will tell you it has worked for them. If the rate is not maintained big questions will be asked about what will happen."
However, the trade union SIPTU has accused the industry of "pocketing" the reduced VAT rate.

Summary: A reduced VAT rate for the hospitality industry in the Republic of Ireland may have cost the state more than 600m euros (£440m).
###
Article: In its most comprehensive report into the Oromo protests, HRW lists the names of more than 300 it says were killed.
The government has acknowledged that protesters have died but said HRW was "very generous with numbers".
Protests were sparked by fears that a plan to expand the capital into Oromia region would displace Oromo farmers.
They began in November last year, but the government dropped the proposal to enlarge Addis Ababa's administrative boundaries in January.
Africa Live: BBC news updates
The Oromo protests and Ethiopian unity
Why Ethiopia made â€˜master planâ€™ U-turn
Oromia is Ethiopia's largest region, completely surrounding the city.
The change of policy has not stopped the demonstrations, but they have reduced in their intensity.
At the last census in 2007, the Oromo made up Ethiopia's biggest ethnic group, at about 25 million people out of a population at the time of nearly 74 million.
An investigation, released last week, by the Ethiopia Human Rights Commission, appointed by parliament, found that 173 people had died during the unrest.
It said the dead included 28 security officers and local government officials.
Information Minister Getachew Reda said that in the main the security forces conducted themselves "in a very professional and responsible manner".
He put the killings down to "a few bad apples".
The government has said that it will investigate and deal with those responsible.
In March, Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn apologised for the death and destruction of property caused by protests in Oromia region.
While his statement was bold, and came as a surprise, some protesters said it was a case of too little, too late.
The acknowledgment by the country's information minister that deaths had occurred is not different.
There will also be questions about the sincerity of investigating police officers who used unnecessary force.
Can it really do that while dozens of protesters are still being detained and are yet to be charged?
While the protests have died down recently, they remain...

Summary: Ethiopian security forces killed more than 400 people in the recent wave of anti-government demonstrations, US-based Human Rights Watch (HRW) says.
###
Article: Researchers funded by the charity found that by looking at a specific group of genes they were able to reliably detect underlying problems.
It follows the death of Sir David Frost's son Miles, who died suddenly from a condition thought to have been inherited from his father.
His family aims to raise Â£1.5m to make genetic testing available in the UK.
The eldest son of the late presenter and broadcaster died last year, aged 31, when he was out jogging near his family's home in Oxfordshire.
He was suffering from an undiagnosed heart condition called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Previous genetic tests looked at a small number of genes and were only able to identify specific conditions, leading to higher costs and longer diagnosis time - a major barrier to rolling the test out across the NHS.
But researchers from Imperial College London and the MRC Clinical Sciences Centre say the new test, which looks at 174 genes, is quicker and more reliable.
It has already been rolled out at the Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust in London , with around 40 patients per month being successfully tested.
Dr James Ware, a consultant cardiologist specialising in inherited heart conditions, said: "Without a genetic test we often have to keep the whole family under regular surveillance for many years. This is hugely costly for both the families and the health system.
"By contrast, when a genetic test reveals the precise genetic abnormality causing the condition in one member of the family, it becomes simple to test other family members. Those who do not carry the faulty gene copy can be reassured and spared countless hospital visits."
The research has been funded by the British Heart Foundation and the findings published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research.

Summary:


A new study has found that the number of people who have a fear of clowns is on the rise.
The study, published in the journal PLOS ONE, found that the number of people who have a fear of clowns has increased by more than 50% in the last decade.
The study also found

Australian police in Victoria have warned the public not to engage in "intimidating" behaviour after reports of clowns terrorising people in Melbourne.

Article: Researchers have developed an app for people to submit readings from Secchi disks - a method used since 1865.
The team hopes the data will help them understand what is happening beneath the waves.
They have been "astonished" by the response so far but are hoping for more readings from the southern hemisphere.
'Dramatic decline'
The Secchi disk, invented in 1865 by Angelo Secchi - the Pope's astronomer - is a circular disk that is used to measure water transparency in oceans and lakes.
The concept had long been used as a navigational tool by sailors. By lowering a dinner plate beneath the waves and measuring the depth it disappeared, it provided the crew with an indication of what ocean current they were currently sailing through.
Fr Secchi was asked by the head of the Papal Navy to measure the transparency in the Mediterranean Sea. This task gave rise to the formalised measuring system.
Ever since the first measurement was taken aboard the Papal yacht in April 1865, marine biologists have used it to measure phytoplankton abundance.
Since Secchi's first design, there have been a number of subsequent revisions. The two most common colour variations in use today are the all-white disk and the black-and-white quadrant version.
"The reason the project came about was because, in 2010, some Canadian scientists wrote a paper that suggested that the phytoplankton in the world's oceans had declined by 40% since the 1950s," explained project leader Richard Kirby, a research fellow at Plymouth University's Marine Institute.
"If true, this is a dramatic decline. As phytoplankton starts the food chain, they dictate the productivity at every level above," he observed.
"Ultimately, phytoplankton determines the amount of fish in the sea and the number of polar bears on the ice."
Marine biologists have been using the Secchi disk method to measure the abundance of phytoplankton for 150 years.
The white disk measures 30cm (1ft) in diameter and is lowered into the water on the end of a tape measure. When it is no longer visible...

Summary: A study is calling on the world's sailors to help map the oceans' phytoplankton, microscopic plants that form the bedrock of marine food chains.
###
Article: Which? said that banks had been more frequent than building societies in cutting rates on the tax-free accounts over the last six years.
Its analysis revealed rates as low as 0.05% when initial bonus rates expired.
The trade body for banks said savers needed to shop around during a time of low rates.
A spokesman for the British Bankers' Association (BBA) said: "These have been frustrating years for savers. The Bank of England's base rate has remained at a record low for several years and whilst this has been good news for borrowers, it has fostered a low-interest-rate environment, which has not been easy for many savers to bear.
"The introduction of the new personal savings allowance from this April means that most savers will no longer have to pay any tax on their cash savings. We always encourage customers to review their savings regularly and to shop around for the best deal for them."
Consumer group Which? studied Isas and the frequency of cuts to interest rates from April 2010 to April 2016 - when the Bank of England base rate has been unchanged at 0.5%.
NatWest was the most frequent, making eight cuts across two accounts over six years. The bank said it had simplified its savings products and no longer offered teaser rates.
Generally, building societies made fewer cuts than banks over the last six years, Which? said.
Harry Rose, Which? Money editor, said: "Many savers simply want a provider they can trust to keep their Isa rate competitive. Too many banks are paying truly woeful rates of interest or are scissor-happy when it comes to cutting rates, often penalising their most loyal customers.
"Our research shows savers who don't want to have to keep moving their savings about should consider parking their cash with one of the more reliable building societies, who have been better at not cutting their rates for existing savers."
A recent study suggested money in best-buy savings accounts has fared better than the stock market over most investment periods since 1995.

Summary: Banks' most loyal customers are receiving "woeful" interest rates on their Individual Savings Accounts (Isas), a consumer group has said.
###
Article: Sightings of creepy clowns have sparked minor hysteria across the US since August.
People in clown masks have reportedly chased others and tried to lure children into woods.
Victoria police warned that such escapades would "not be tolerated".
Creepy clown sightings leave US baffled
'Killer clowns' come to Canada
Lurking clown arrested in Kentucky woods
In a statement on its Facebook page, which appears to have since been deleted, the force wrote: "Victoria Police are aware of people who are parading in public wearing clown masks.
"The clown purge appears to be a copycat of incidents being seen in the USA recently.
"Any intimidating and threatening as well as anti-social behaviours will not be tolerated and will be investigated by Police."
Clowns have also been spotted in Sydney, with one pictured loitering outside a fast food restaurant in the Campbelltown area.
Australians have responded by setting up Facebook pages dedicated to "clown hunting", as the sightings spread.
One theory has it that the upswing in "killer clown" antics is linked to the release of novelist Stephen King's new film, It.
The plot involves a child-slaughtering being which takes the form of a clown called Pennywise to lure its prey.
But King has criticised the craze. This week, he tweeted: "Hey, guys, time to cool the clown hysteria - most of em are good, cheer up the kiddies, make people laugh."
The sinister craze began in South Carolina with reports that men dressed as clowns were trying to coax children into the woods with money. It was followed by sightings in Alabama, Georgia and Pennsylvania.
Schools in Texas and Alabama have even shut down over the phenomenon.
On Tuesday, White House press secretary Josh Earnest told a press briefing that President Barack Obama had not been briefed on the issue, but added, "this is a situation that local law enforcement authorities take quite seriously".
Reports suggest New Zealand has also been sucked into the epidemic, after a clown "lurking" at a school spooked parents on Wednesday.
Some...

Summary:


The Chinese government is trying to cut pollution.
The Chinese government is trying to cut pollution.
The Chinese government is trying to cut pollution.
The Chinese government is trying to cut pollution.
The Chinese government is trying to cut pollution.
The Chinese government is trying to cut pollution.
The Chinese government is

These amazing forest buildings could help tackle China's pollution problems.

Article: They are available via a new location-based food app which connects neighbours in the city and beyond.
The aim of users is to cut waste.
Olio app's Saasha Celestial-One told BBC Radio Wales the idea came about when her co-founder was moving home and did not know what to do with unused food she did not want to throw away.
She told the Jason Mohammad programme: "Not only does preventing good food from going to waste feel amazing, it's a really fun way to get to know new people in the community."
Since its launch in January, over 66,000 people have downloaded the app with plans to expand into 33 more countries.
Individuals and Cardiff eateries have signed up, with leftover bread and unsold cakes being offered.
"Katherine" is offering 12 coconuts bought wholesale and which "survived a coconut shy unharmed - free to a good home". They are available for collection from Adamsdown.
As well as half a bag of carrots at Bute Street, there is a packet of unopened biscuits left over from a coffee morning at Ninian Park.
And they could be washed down with tea being given away by "Luce", near Cathays station.
She has 18 beetroot tea bags remaining from a box of 20, saying they were "bought to be adventurous - but I don't like it".

Summary: Twelve coconuts, a packet of biscuits, half a bag of carrots and unsold shop-made cakes are some of the unwanted food items being given away in Cardiff.
###
Article: A farmer was killed every month in 2011 while working on a farm in Northern Ireland.
In February and March, HSENI staff will visit farms and speak directly to farmers and their families about their safety.
The average age of farmers killed in accidents last year was 57.
The four main causes of farm deaths in Northern Ireland are unguarded machinery, handling livestock, falls when carrying out work at heights and incidents involving slurry tanks.
The HSENI is working with the Ulster Farmers' Union (UFU) and the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD) to develop a new Farm Safety Partnership.
Addressing farmers, Ken Logan, of the HSENI, said: "HSENI staff will be visiting your farm in order to discuss the dangers that you and your families face on a daily basis.
"Given that most Northern Ireland farms are worked by one or two people, this is a very personal message to you.
"Safety must be your number one priority as it is likely to be you or another family member who gets injured or killed.
"This help initiative will provide you with an opportunity to ask questions and seek advice from my colleagues."

Summary: The Health and Safety Executive for NI (HSENI) is launching an initiative to try and cut farm deaths.
###
Article: China has one of the biggest air pollution problems in the world.
Lots of people living there tend to wear special facemasks to help to filter out the pollution.
Italian architect Stefano Boeri came up with the idea of creating buildings which are full of plants, to help fight pollution.
These two special buildings will be home to more than 1,000 trees and 2,500 shrubs and bushes which should absorb the pollution in the air and help to filter it and make it cleaner.
The buildings will be built in the Chinese city of Nanjing, and should be finished by 2018.
The shorter tower will be a hotel, while the taller one will be home to a museum, offices and an architecture school.
The buildings are the first of their kind in Asia, but will join two other buildings like them, from Italy and Switzerland.
The architect has plans to build similar buildings in other Chinese cities like Chongqing, Shijiazhuang, Liuzhou, Guizhou and Shanghai.
In 2014 China's government said they were working hard to reduce the amount of pollution in the air - and since then they've been closing down coal-burning factories, and limiting the amount of traffic on roads.

Summary:


A new study has found that the number of children who have a mobile phone in their hand at night has more than doubled in the past five years.
The study, by the charity Digital Awareness UK, found that one in five 11- to 18-year-olds admitted checking their mobile phone at least 10 times a

Almost half (45%) of young people are checking their mobile phones after they have gone to bed, a poll suggests.

Article: About eight staff members who were part of the Goldman Sachs Investment Partners (GSIP) Team in London have been told to move.
The decision follows the departure of the team's managing director, Nick Advani.
Goldman Sachs said that the move had nothing to do with the UK's exit from the European Union.
'This is a discrete decision for reasons specific to GSIP, one investment team within Goldman Sachs, and shouldn't be construed as anything but that," it said in a statement.
Mr Advani announced last year that he would be stepping down from his role as managing director. He is now an advisory director with Goldman.
GSIP was set up in 2008 with $7bn (Â£5.6bn) in assets and at the time was one of the biggest-ever  hedge fund launches. According to its website it has offices in New York, Hong Kong and Tokyo, as well as London.
It is part of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, an investment manager with $1.15tn in assets under supervision.
The news of GSIP's departure comes amid widespread speculation that many financial jobs based in London might migrate to cities in the rest of Europe, such as Dublin, Paris or Frankfurt, so that the banks concerned could continue to offer their services to EU clients.
HSBC and UBS have warned that they will have to move some London staff abroad when the UK leaves the EU.
Last month, Lloyd Blankfein, chief executive of Goldman Sachs, said the bank had been moving parts of its "global operations" team to London, but was now "slowing that decision".

Summary: A Goldman Sachs hedge fund is closing its London operations and moving staff to New York, the firm has confirmed.
###
Article: John Myers, 52, from Glasgow, abused one girl when she was aged five and continued until she was almost 17.
He also targeted another girl when she was aged 11 or 12. Myers was caught after one victim told a friend, which led to a police investigation.
His name will be on the sex offenders' register for life and Myers will be supervised for three years on release.
Jailing him at the High Court in Edinburgh, judge Lord Pentland told Myers: "The jury convicted you after trial of a series of extremely serious offences."
The judge told him that the abuse of one of the victims, which began when she was aged five and culminated in rape, was "sustained and calculated".
Lord Pentland said: "The effect on your victims has been serious and lasting. I note you have evinced no remorse and not the slightest concern for your victims."
The judge told him: "The sexual abuse of children is repugnant."
Lord Pentland said a background report prepared on Myers had assessed him "as presenting an imminent risk of future sexual offending against children".
Myers, formerly from the Tollcross area of Glasgow, was convicted of two charges of rape, attempted rape, sexual assault and indecent behaviour committed at addresses in his home city between 2002 and 2014.
He had denied all charges against him.
His trial heard that Myers' abuse of the five-year-old happened almost every time he was left alone with her.
The victim - now aged 18 -  gave evidence during the trial and said the abuse continued for more than 12 years.
Myers tried to rape her after she turned 13 before he finally raped her as she slept, a few days before her 17th birthday.
The teenager revealed that he was caught only after her friend asked her to share her "darkest secret" during a drinking session.
She blurted out that Myers had abusing her for years after which the friend shared the secret with one of her relatives who insisted on taking the victim to report the abuse to police.
An investigation led to a second girl, related to the first victim, being...

Summary: A man who was convicted of "repugnant" sex offences against two young girls has been jailed for 13 years.
###
Article: A survey of 2,750 11- to 18-year-olds found one in 10 admitted checking their mobile phones for notifications at least 10 times a night.
The poll was carried out by Digital Awareness UK and the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.
The organisations warn night-time usage of mobiles means pupils are coming to school tired and unable to concentrate.
They recommend having a "digital detox" and putting mobile devices away for 90 minutes before lights-out or keeping them out of the bedroom.
Of the 45% of survey respondents who check their phones when they should be sleeping, almost all (94%) are on social media - with a tenth saying they would feel stressed about missing out if they did not check their device before going to sleep.
Of this group, 75% are listening to music and over half (57%) are watching films.
A third (32%) of these youngsters say their parents are not aware that they check their mobile device after going to bed.
The findings also show:
Charlotte Robertson, DAUK co-founder, said: "One of the biggest topics around at the moment is excessive social media consumption and how it is affecting our physical and emotional wellbeing.
"A lot of them [children] are waking up sometimes with over 100 notifications from conversations that have happened overnight.
"They want to be that person that is responding at 01:00, and seen to be quite cool, to make sure they catch the joke - it's a huge driver, that anxiety of wanting to know what's happened."
HMC chairman Mike Buchanan said: "The data suggests those who do check their phones, they're mostly driven by not wishing to miss out.
"Clearly there are some times when children are not concentrating because they are tired, and that has an obvious impact on their ability to keep up with what's going on - there is a desire to stay within the group.
"It's not that this [technology] is all horrible and terrible and that we should all be wringing our hands.
"It is more a case that here's the reality, let's use it and try to influence the use of technology in a...

Summary:


The BBC has apologised to a man who said he was "shocked" to find out that he had been filmed in a "shocking" way on Benefits Street.
The BBC has apologised to a man who said he was "shocked" to find out that he had been filmed in a "shocking"

Despite being a ratings winner for Channel 4, Benefits Street came with its fair share of complaints.

Article: Sir de Vic Carey says his grandfather "was not responsible" for the deportation of three Jewish women to a concentration camp during the war.
Sir Victor Gosselin Carey had overall responsibility of islanders between 1935-1945.
In 1942 three Jewish women from Guernsey were removed from the island and died in Auschwitz's gas chambers.
Since Guernsey's liberation Sir Victor Carey has received criticism for some of the decisions that had been made under his authority and his relationship with the Nazis.
Former Bailiff Sir de Vic Carey said Guernsey's Royal Court was forced to pass legislation against Jews but his grandfather was blamed.
He said: "My grandfather at that time was fairly confident there weren't any Jews in the island. He had taken great trouble to make people who were of Jewish extraction to leave the island."
"I don't think he was responsible, I think it would have happened anyway."
Of the six Jewish residents in the Bailiwick of Guernsey during the occupation three of them - Marianne Grunfeld, Auguste Spitz and Therese Steiner - were deported.
Sir de Vic Carey believed if the island's administration had all resigned over the issue it "would've meant the Germans would've taken over, the civilian administration would've stopped."
He said by the end of the war his grandfather was "pretty shattered by the whole event" and "wanted to forget about it" because of "things he didn't want to recall".
He believes his grandfather was not recognised for the difficult role he played.
"Threats were made the whole time, so they had to try and keep in post because if they went there would be no one to argue for the population.
"I don't think he had that sense of history that he had to be scoring brownie points for posterity", he said.

Summary: The actions of Guernsey's Bailiff during the Nazi occupation have been defended by his grandson.
###
Article: As changes to make core GCSE subjects harder begin to bite, heads warn grades are becoming unreliable and incomparable year on year.
So much so that many pupils predicted to get grade C in core subjects may not now achieve it, they say.
Exams regulator Ofqual says "standards will be maintained" despite changes.
Pupils in England, Wales and Northern Ireland will be receiving their GCSE results on Thursday.
The Ofqual exam watchdog in England has already warned that GCSE English, maths and all science results are likely to "look different" with grades possibly dropping this year because of changes to the exams and the patterns of entry.
The Association of School and College Leaders, which represents thousands of secondary school heads, said it was expecting "significant turbulence" in this year's results.
Its general secretary Brian Lightman said that the exam system was in a very "serious state" and he called for "some stability".
It was no longer possible to assume that children taking the same subject years apart would get the same grade for the same standard of work, he said. And those who had achieved similar standards may be graded differently, he added.
The organisation's vice-president Ian Bauckham, who is also a head teacher in Kent, said there was a significant level of anxiety over the changes in the core subjects this year.
"It is likely that some pupils whose teacher thought they were on track to get a grade C in these core subjects may well find they have fallen below the new boundary where grade boundaries have been changed."
Many schools focus efforts on C-D borderline pupils because obtaining a C grade in English and maths is the key academic requirement for pupils to continue in education, whether it be studying A-levels or a more vocational course. These grades are also the key measure of accountability for schools.
General secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers Russell Hobby said: "The exam system is so massively complicated now, I actually think it is beyond any...

Summary: Head teachers say thousands of pupils could miss out on expected GCSE grades because of "significant turbulence" in this year's results.
###
Article: Some residents of James Turner Street in Birmingham complained that they had been misled before appearing on the programme.
Producers of the reality television show have denied that.
Now, one charity which accused the makers of misrepresenting residents has offered a solution: a self-defence kit against unwanted advances.
Oasis, a community and education charity, runs the primary school in Birmingham where Benefits Street was filmed.
Reverend Steve Chalke, who founded Oasis, said that other communities have approached them asking for advice on what to do if they get attention from reality TV producers.
He said: "We can't proactively defend every community in the country.
"However, we believe that the new self-defence kit will give people the chance to benefit from what we've learnt."
The kit, which is on its website, contains advice on how to discourage television producers.
It also has what it calls a "decoder" to translate what a producer might really mean if they describe the programme they want to make.
Despite more than 900 complaints, watchdog Ofcom ruled that Channel 4 did not breach the broadcasting code.
A second series is thought to be under way in Teesside.
A Channel 4 spokesperson said: "We are always transparent and clear with residents in the extensive briefings that are given pre-filming and operate highly robust duty of care protocols for contributors which were praised by the regulator Ofcom as 'demonstrating best practice'.
"Filming of the second series recently began in Stockton-On-Tees, many months after transmission of the first and the subsequent media reaction, so residents were already familiar with the nature and profile of the programme.
"The majority of them have been happy to co-operate and support filming, even in the face of external pressure put on them by vested interests outside of the street."
Follow @BBCNewsbeat on Twitter and Radio1Newsbeat on YouTube

Summary:


A man has been jailed for life for murdering a pensioner in Pollokshields.
The court heard that Joni, who was born in the Czech Republic, had been living in the south side of Glasgow for the past five years.
He was arrested in the early hours of the morning of 29 June 2016

A man who murdered a pensioner at his home in Glasgow has been ordered to spend a minimum of 13 years in jail.

Article: It stands at 23.3 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 17, which experts say is more in line with the rest of Western Europe.
There were 5,740 pregnancies in girls aged under 18 in the three months to June 2014, data from the Office for National Statistics shows.
This compares with 6,279 in the same period in 2013 and 7,083 for the June quarter the year before that.
Historically, the UK has had one of the highest teenage pregnancy and abortion rates in Western Europe.
In recent years, the government put a series of strategies in place in an attempt to get these figures down.
There are no comparable rates for conceptions across Europe, but the under-18 birth rate suggests England is closing the gap.
The under-18 birth rate in 2012 in England and Wales was 9.2, compared with an EU average of 6.9.
However, the UK birth rate has fallen by almost a third (32.3%) since 2004 compared with a fall of 15.6% in the EU.
In 2004, the UK rate was 13.6 births per 1,000 women aged 15-17 compared with an EU average rate of 7.7.
A spokeswoman for the British Pregnancy Advisory Service said: "Contrary to popular perception, this data shows that the teenage pregnancy rate is falling dramatically in England and Wales. While the UK has historically had a high teenage conception rate, it is now at its lowest level on record and not significantly out of step with other European countries.
"We have seen a huge decline in the number of babies born to teenage mothers over the last decade, in part due to the improvements we've seen in contraception advice and services for younger women, with straightforward access to abortion services when their chosen method lets them down. But it also reflects broader societal shifts, with younger women quite rightly expecting and able to pursue educational and professional ambitions."

Summary: The teen pregnancy rate in England and Wales is continuing to fall, latest figures show.
###
Article: By embedding tiny tubes in the plants' leaves, they can be made to pick up chemicals called nitro-aromatics, which are found in landmines and other buried munitions.
Real-time information can then be wirelessly relayed to a handheld device.
The MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) work is published in the journal Nature Materials.
The scientists implanted nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (tiny cylinders of carbon) into the leaves of the spinach plant.
They then delivered the nitro-aromatics into the water taken up by the roots and directly to the leaves in droplets. It takes about 10 minutes for the spinach to take up the water via the roots into the leaves.
To read the signal, the researchers shine a laser onto the leaf, prompting the embedded nanotubes to emit near-infrared fluorescent light.
This can be detected with a small infrared camera connected to a small, cheap Raspberry Pi computer. The signal can also be detected with a smartphone by removing the infrared filter most have.
Co-author Prof Michael Strano, from MIT in Cambridge, US, said the work was an important proof of principle.
"Our paper outlines how one could engineer plants like this to detect virtually anything," he told the BBC News website.
Prof Strano's lab has previously developed carbon nanotubes that can be used as sensors to detect hydrogen peroxide, TNT, and the nerve gas sarin.
When the target molecule binds to a polymer material wrapped around the nanotube, it changes the way it glows.
"The plants could be use for defence applications, but also to monitor public spaces for terrorism related activities, since we show both water and airborne detection," said Prof Strano.
"Such plants could be used to monitor groundwater seepage from buried munitions or waste that contains nitro-aromatics."
Using the set-up described in the paper, the researchers can pick up a signal from about 1m away from the plant, and they are now working on increasing that distance.
Follow Paul on Twitter.

Summary: Scientists have transformed the humble spinach plant into a bomb detector.
###
Article: Slovakian Imrich Joni, 20, stabbed and strangled Gordon Bolan, 68, at a flat in Kenmure Street in Pollokshields last summer.
An earlier trial at the High Court in Edinburgh heard that Joni hid the pensioner's body in a wardrobe.
Judge Lady Scott described it as "a brutal murder" which had left Mr Bolam's family "utterly devastated".
Joni, who lived at various addresses in the south side of Glasgow, murdered Mr Bolam at a date between 29 June and 14 July 2016.
In April, he was found guilty of murder and attempting to defeat the ends of justice.
When he appeared for sentencing on Tuesday, the court heard the 20-year-old - who had denied any wrongdoing during his week long trial - had now accepted he killed Mr Bolam.
The court was told he had expressed "genuine remorse" for his actions because he could not continue living with "the lie" of denying his guilt.
His trial heard that Joni struck Mr Bolam with a knife before throttling him with a piece of fabric at an address in Kenmure Street. He then concealed his victim's remains in a bedroom wardrobe.
In a bid to cover up his crime and destroy DNA evidence, the murderer then washed upholstery, floors and other surfaces.
He also got rid of his trainers and the clothing he was wearing on the day he murdered Mr Bolam.
But Joni was caught after detectives found his DNA around Mr Bolam's property. Forensic scientists also discovered his DNA on the ligature which was placed around Mr Bolam's throat.
Defence advocate John Scott QC told the court that his client was suffering from post traumatic stress disorder caused by years of being physically abused by a family member.
Telling Joni that he was likely to be deported from the UK following his release from custody, judge Lady Scott said: "Mr Bolam was a man who struggled with ill health but nevertheless lived a normal life. He was a much-loved member of his community.
"His family have been left bereft and utterly devastated by his death.
"I accept that you have expressed genuine remorse. I also take into account that you...

Summary:


Zlatan Ibrahimovic is the most marketable player in the world.
"He is the most marketable player in the world.
"He is the most marketable player in the world.
"He is the most marketable player in the world.
"He is the most marketable player in

Zlatan Ibrahimovic could "plug the financial gap" of Manchester United's failure to reach the Champions League - should he join the club.

Article: With the news of her death at the age of 87, emotions remain high in Yorkshire's former pit communities about the miners' strike and the role of then Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.
At times, that strike - lasting from 5 March 1984 to 3 March 1985 - almost seemed to be a battle of wills between the Barnsley-born leader of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM), Arthur Scargill, and the Conservative prime minister.
In 1984, when there were 170 working collieries in Britain, employing more than 190,000 people, Mr Scargill obtained a "hit list" of mines the Thatcher government was planning to close.
The ensuing strike against job losses, for which the NUM controversially never held a national ballot among its members, pitted striking miners against Mrs Thatcher's government, the police and other miners, and led to divisions in families which remain to this day.
The bitter year-long stand-off between Margaret Thatcher, Arthur Scargill and the NUM has come to be seen as one of the defining events of the era - not least in Yorkshire where her legacy is often remembered less than fondly.
As Chris Kitchen, Yorkshire-based NUM general secretary, said: "Unfortunately for the vindictive acts she did to myself, my comrades and my family and for the mining community, I'll not be shedding a tear at her demise."
South Yorkshire saw some of the worst violence of the dispute - most most notably at British Steel's coking plant at Orgreave on 18 June 1984.
Those clashes saw about 10,000 striking miners go head-to-head with 5,000 police, and led to 93 pickets being arrested with 51 pickets and 72 police officers injured, according to South Yorkshire Police.
Darren Vaines, a former miner at Ackton Hall colliery near Pontefract, West Yorkshire, was on strike for the entire 12 months of the dispute and was at the so-called Battle of Orgreave.
"It's a very strange emotional feeling because her death brings back a lot of memories and opens up a wound that has never really healed," said Mr Vaines.
"The cut went so deep, people have...

Summary: In Yorkshire, the mere mention of Baroness Thatcher's name is often likely to lead quickly to talk of the 1984-5 miners' strike.
###
Article: Scottish Rural Affairs Secretary Richard Lochhead made the announcement during a speech at the 2015 Scottish Inshore Fisheries Conference in Inverness.
The bid for protected food name (PFN) status in Europe has been made by the Orkney Fishermen's Society.
The group is one of the leading processors of brown crab in the UK.
Last month, bakers launched a bid for the Forfar bridie to be given the same protected status as Champagne.
Other Scottish foods that have already won protection include Stornoway black pudding, Arbroath smokies and Ayrshire Dunlop cheese.
Mr Lochhead said: "Scotland is world-famous for our wonderful food and drink and Orkney crab is well known throughout the food industry for its high quality.
"It's great news that Orkney crab has applied for protected status which could help guarantee the quality and reputation of this iconic product."
Stewart Crichton, of the Orkney Fisherman's Society, said "We've worked very hard for a number of years to build the reputation of Orkney crab, starting from our fishermen and the care and pride they take in their job, to our processing factories and our customers.
"Protecting the integrity of that brand is the next logical step in the process and one we're delighted to be embarking on".

Summary: Orkney crab has become the latest Scottish delicacy to be put forward for protected food name status.
###
Article: Media playback is not supported on this device
The Sweden striker, who is out of contract after four years at Paris St-Germain, could follow former manager Jose Mourinho to Old Trafford.
Football finance expert Rob Wilson says the 34-year-old would be United's most marketable player since Cristiano Ronaldo, and linking up with the three-time European champions would be a "match made in heaven".
Wilson says Ibrahimovic's shirt sales alone would help cover the cost of finishing fifth in the Premier League this season and missing out on the riches of playing in Europe's elite competition, worth up to £50m.
"It would not surprise me if Zlatan sold more shirts than Ronaldo or Lionel Messi," Wilson, a lecturer at Sheffield Hallam University, told BBC Sport.
"The cost of missing out on the Champions League is £30-50m. Zlatan will help plug that gap significantly with the number of shirts shifted by United.
"It is a match made in heaven. The football club is commercially so aware who will exploit every commercial opportunity.
"To them, they are signing a player who understands commercial endorsements and behaves in a way that allows him to maximise them.
"Put that together and you get the holy grail stakes of shirt sales, and stacks of corporate sponsorship.
"Zlatan is also the sort of player who brings ad hoc ticket buyers to a match, even if it is the Europa League or League Cup.
"It is matching the world's biggest sporting brands with one of the most marketable players, who has cult following, plus it is his career swansong.
"If you marry that with Manchester United, he will probably shift more shirts in the next year than any player in the squad because of the superstar status that he has."
Wilson claimed that Ibrahimovic could become the face of Manchester United.
"Zlatan has a global profile, and global appeal," he said. "Fans will buy shirts with Ibrahimovic on the back in Africa, South East Asia - markets United had a foothold in but not the leverage.
"Only a few select few players can do that: Gareth Bale,...

Summary:


The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has announced that it will not be investigating the discharge of a small amount of black carbon into the Niagara River.
The EPA said it had found no evidence that the discharge was the result of a "major release" of black carbon into the river.
Black carbon is a type

The discharge of black smelly wastewater at the base of Niagara Falls has prompted calls for a criminal inquiry.

Article: Yet this is the messaging service which could soon be banned by the British government because its use of encryption makes it too private for the security services to access. That at least was the story repeated in several newspapers in recent weeks, and frequently denied by Downing Street.
But this morning even the Financial Times seemed to back it up. In an article about the battle between governments and corporations over access to encrypted messages it says this: "David Cameron, UK prime minister, has proposed a complete ban on strong encryption 'to ensure that terrorists do not have a safe space in which to communicate'."
WhatsApp is just one of the services that uses strong encryption for their messages, along with Apple's iMessage and Skype's internet calls. Both the US and UK governments have expressed growing concerns that criminals and terrorists are making use of such services to communicate, knowing that they are completely private.
So does the prime minister really want to ban them? The idea first arose in a speech he made in January which posed this rhetorical question: "In our country, do we want to allow a means of communication between people which even in extremis, with a signed warrant from the Home Secretary personally,  that we cannot read?" His answer was no.
That was seen as a clear signal that the government would demand that corporations like Facebook, Apple and Microsoft - which owns Skype - should either provide a backdoor to their encryption or stop using it completely. The government insisted that this was an over-interpretation of his remarks, and everything went quiet for a while.
Then after the election it became clear that a new and comprehensive communications data bill would clarify and extend the access of the police and security services to data held by the internet companies.  That brought more speculation about a ban on end to end encryption.
That was reinforced when in a response to a question from a Conservative MP, the prime minister used a very similar form of words...

Summary: Eight hundred million people around the world use WhatsApp to communicate, we learned this week from its owners, Facebook.
###
Article: The top-level figure - that Scotland's population has grown to a record high of 5.37m - is no surprise. It's been growing steadily since 2000 and NRS statisticians predict it will continue to do so until at least 2039.
But beneath that top number is a huge amount of other data, contained in almost endless spreadsheets, which is published each year as part of the review.
The statistics paint a fascinating and occasionally surprising picture of Scotland - the state of the nation, as the NRS puts it.
Births, deaths and marriages are the bread and butter of the NRS's annual review.
1. The figures tell us there were 55,098 births and 57,579 deaths registered.
2. There were also 29,691 weddings and 1,671 of them were same-sex marriages.
3. Only 64 couples opted for a civil partnership last year - 33 of them male couples and 31 female couples.
4. Of the deaths, 1,150 were related to alcohol.
5. 147 men died in transport accidents, compared to 44 women.
6. There were 504 adoptions - the highest figure for 10 years
7. In 2014, there were 433,235 people in Scotland aged over 75.
8. NRS statisticians predict this figure will grow to more than 800,000 by 2039 - an increase of 85%.
9. If you were a woman aged 50 or 51 last year, there were more of you than anyone else.
10. Your life expectancy at birth in Glasgow was 73.4. In East Dunbartonshire, it was 80.7.
11. The average age at death last year was 76.9.
12. The area of Scotland with the fastest growing population over the last 10 years is East Lothian - up 11.1%.
13. Argyll & Bute and Inverclyde are the fastest shrinking - both down 3.8%.
14. 24 is the most common age for people to leave Scotland. The destination for 2,060 of you last year was elsewhere in the UK, with 1,011 going abroad.
15. If you're aged 90 or more and moved to Scotland from overseas last year, there are seven others who did just that.

Summary: The National Records of Scotland (NRS) has published its annual review of the country's population statistics in 2015.
###
Article: The Niagara County Legislature voted in favour of asking New York's attorney general to investigate on Thursday.
The local water authority said the colour was caused by residue from black carbon filters used to clean the water.
The water authority says July's treatment process was necessary and the discharge within "permitted limits".
An inky and foul-smelling cloud of water appeared at the base of Niagara Falls on 29 July 2017.
Some initially suspected an oil spill, but the Niagara Falls Water Board (NFWB) said it was caused by a "routine" water treatment and apologised for causing alarm to residents and tourists.
In a statement the board said the "inky water" was the result of a "necessary and short term change in the waste water treatment process" at its plant near the city of Buffalo.
Officials say the plant had the correct paperwork to release the discharge - which came from one of its five sediment filtration basins and was being flushed out over the weekend in preparation for contractors to begin upgrade work.

Summary:


A new study has found that the number of people who have been bitten by a dog has increased by more than a third in the last decade.
The number of people bitten by a dog has increased by more than a third in the last decade.
The number of people bitten by a dog has increased by more than

Reported incidents of livestock worrying have risen by 55%, according to police.

Article: The funding is compensation for fresh produce which will not be sold. Instead it will be distributed free to schools, hospitals and other institutions.
Tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, grapes and pears are included in the scheme.
Russia has banned many food imports, angry at EU-US sanctions over Ukraine.
Germany's Chancellor Angela Merkel insisted on Monday that the EU sanctions must stay in place "in order to show how serious we are" on the Ukraine crisis.
She was speaking in Latvia, an EU member state with a large ethnic Russian minority. Its Baltic neighbour Lithuania is especially hard hit by the Russian import ban.
EU and US sanctions are targeting top Russian officials and key economic sectors, such as energy and finance, as Western leaders accuse the Kremlin of destabilising eastern Ukraine by supporting the pro-Russian separatists there.
The first round of Western sanctions came after Russia annexed Crimea in March.
Russia's Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev said on Monday he did not think the Russian ban would push up food prices, but he added: "I hope these measures won't last very long".
The embargo would encourage competition, giving Russian farmers more market access, he argued. He criticised "a situation where all the apples, for example, come from Poland or some other products - say fish is an example - all from Norway".
In the EU the biggest exporters of fresh fruit and nuts to Russia were its neighbours Poland (339m euros) and Lithuania (309m euros) in 2013. They were also the biggest for fresh vegetables (Lithuania - 340m and Poland - 173m).
Last week the Commission announced plans to pay peach and nectarine growers for 10% of their crop, and the new funding expands that aid to many more producers.
The crops affected by the EU compensation scheme are those in full season now, with no storage option for most of them and no immediate alternative market available, a statement from Agriculture Commissioner Dacian Ciolos said.
"All farmers of the concerned products - whether in producer organisations...

Summary: The European Commission has announced emergency EU funding of 125m euros (£100m; $170m) for fruit and vegetable growers hit by Russia's ban on most imported Western food.
###
Article: As Wimbledon warms up, University of Sussex researchers say they have found the pitch of grunts can help predict who will win a match.
Footage was analysed from 50 matches featuring some of the world's top 30 players and showed grunts were higher pitched in matches they lost.
Researchers said they could often predict the match winner from listening to players' grunts.
Grunts from both male and female players were measured during serves, backhand and forehand shorts by researcher Jordan Raine, together with mammal communication experts Professor David Reby and Dr Kasia Pisanski.
They recorded at what stage of each match the grunts were produced, as well as whether the players won or lost the match.
While the pitch generally increased as matches progressed, the study, published in the journal Animal Behaviour, found the likely match outcome was often apparent from the outset.
Mr Raine, who is also university tennis team captain, said this suggested shifts in pitch may reflect longer term physiological or psychological factors, including a players' "previous encounters, form, world ranking, fatigue, and injuries".
But he added it could be something many players have tuned into for a long time, with the form of non-verbal communication linked with an animalistic display of dominance.
When a selection of the athletes were played short clips of other players' grunts with no other information, they could tell which of two grunt sequences produced by the same player came from a match that the player lost.
Mr Raine added: "Male red deer use the roars of competing males to assess their size, and therefore who is likely to emerge from conflict victorious. Humans are no exception."
He said that because "anatomy and physiology affect the vocal apparatus of all mammals in the same way", the noise animals made inadvertently gave others clues about their "physical attributes and internal state, whether dog, deer, or Novak Djokovic".
Grunting has been a controversial part of tennis for a number of years, the 1990s Yugoslav...

Summary: A low-pitched grunt is a winning giveaway in tennis, a study has shown.
###
Article: There were 70 reports during the lambing season earlier this year compared with 45 over the same time last year.
Police Scotland said the crime, which involved dogs chasing farm animals, had previously been under-reported.
It said 60% of this year's incidents were detected and the dogs' owners reported to the procurator fiscal.
Most of the offences reported were in Aberdeenshire, Highlands and Islands and Lanarkshire.
Sheep were the most common animal affected. Other animals involved included horses and cattle.
In 79% of incidents, livestock were killed or injured, and on average this involved two or three sheep per incident.
Most incidents - 70% - involved only one dog and in 73% of cases the offending dog was local to that area, with more than half of all incidents involving a dog roaming free and where no owner was present.
Insp Jane Donaldson, Police Scotland's rural crime co-ordinator, said the rise in reports followed a campaign encouraging farmers and crofters to contact police about livestock worrying incidents.
She said: "Livestock worrying has previously been under-reported.
"Farmers were often reluctant to report incidents to police, particularly where there was a 'near miss' and no physical damage was done to their livestock.
"A significant part of the spring campaign was to get this message out to farmers and encourage them to report all incidents and I think that this is reflected in the increase in reported crimes.
"More accurate reporting has improved our understanding of the problem, increasing intelligence about the how, where and why these incidents are occurring."
Anne Gray, policy officer with Scottish Land and Estates, said: "We are very pleased with how successful this year's campaign has been and we will continue to support the initiative going forward.
"It is vital that livestock worrying incidents are reduced.
"No-one wants to see this type of completely unnecessary suffering and the higher the profile of these incidents the more, we hope, it will prompt the small minority of...

Summary:


The mayor of London has been criticised for pedalling his barrister wife Marina Wheeler through the capital on a bicycle designed for one person.
The mayor has been accused of pedalling his barrister wife through the capital on a bicycle designed for one person.
The mayor has been accused of pedalling his barrister wife

Boris Johnson "should have known better" when he gave his wife a "backie" on his bike while cycling in London, safety campaigners have said.

Article: The US president signed the executive order to stop federal money going to international groups which perform or provide information on abortions during his first week in office.
Known as the "Mexico City Policy", or global gag rule by critics, it was no surprise that he reinstated it. First introduced by Ronald Reagan in 1984, it has been become a game of policy ping pong between Republican and Democrat presidents.
Supporters of the ban say it protects the fundamental right to life.
But some health workers in Africa say when it was last put in place under George W Bush in 2001, it had far-reaching consequences.
"Women could not have access to contraceptive services and so they were getting unintended pregnancies and that increased the number of unwanted pregnancies and as such they went to the backstreet to do unsafe abortions," says Kenyan gynaecologist Dr John Nyamu.
The policy blocks US funding to overseas organisations that "support or participate in the management of a programme of coercive abortion or involuntary sterilisation".
It even affects countries like Kenya - where abortion is illegal unless a mother's life is at risk - as some family planning clinics or organisations get their funding from US pro-abortion groups.
The Trump order goes even further than previous Republican administrations, which only targeted reproductive health services, by extending the ban to cover all global health assistance provided by all departments or agencies.
"By removing funding from organisations that also deal with malaria and other child health issues, the policy could threaten progress on many fronts, including efforts to reduce HIV-related deaths and new infections, and decrease childhood mortality through malaria prevention and treatment initiatives and immunisation programs," Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) said in a statement.
The medical charity does not receive US government funding - so is not affected by the policy - but it fears that women's lives could be endangered.
Unsafe abortion is one of the five...

Summary: Donald Trump's pro-abortion funding ban has infuriated many global health organisations as they say it will unintentionally lead to more abortions and more deaths in Africa.
###
Article: He said the UK government was opening negotiations over a £1bn tidal lagoon energy project in Swansea, and on an infrastructure "city deal" for Cardiff.
Severn Bridge tolls - currently £6.50 for cars and £13.10 for vans - will be cut in 2018 to £5.40 for both.
However, Wales' Finance Minister Jane Hutt said the "devastating impact" of austerity cuts was set to continue.
Giving his sixth Budget speech in the House of Commons, the chancellor hailed "a truly national recovery" and record levels of employment.
It was Mr Osborne's final chance to woo floating voters ahead of the general election on 7 May.
He insisted that deficit reduction remained his top priority, but also unveiled measures to raise the tax allowance to £10,800 next year and the starting point of the 40p tax rate to £43,300 by 2017.
The chancellor also announced plans to scrap annual tax returns and replace them with "digital tax accounts", allowing people to manage their affairs using smartphones or computers.
Other measures include:
The National Farmers' Union welcomed a promise that farmers will be able to assess their income for tax purposes across five years as "fantastic news".
The Wales Air Ambulance service has also been promised a share of an extra £10m funding.
Some of the plans in Mr Osborne's statement are likely to depend on a Conservative victory on 7 May - whoever wins the election is likely to set out another Budget later this year.
Welsh Secretary Stephen Crabb, a fellow Conservative minister, hailed it as "a Budget to help secure Wales' future".
"It is a Budget that will cement the economic recovery in Wales, that backs business in Wales and that will make a real difference to the lives of hardworking people right across our nation," he said.
The Labour Welsh government's finance minister Jane Hutt said the Budget would result in an extra £18m coming to Wales in 2015-16 under the Barnett formula, but that would be overshadowed by the Treasury's wider cutbacks.
"The UK Government's austerity programme during this Parliament has...

Summary: Chancellor George Osborne has said more power is being given to Wales, as he delivered his Budget speech.
###
Article: The mayor of London has been criticised for pedalling his barrister wife Marina Wheeler through the capital on Thursday on a bicycle designed for one person.
Giving a backie is illegal under the terms of the 1998 Road and Traffic Act. Offenders can be fined up to Â£200.
The mayor has apologised, saying he did not know he was breaking the law.
Sam Jones, from cycling charity CTC, said his actions were "very naughty".
Mr Jones said: "We wouldn't encourage other cyclists to carry passengers in such a fashion. We would never encourage cyclists to break the law."
The footage of Mr Johnson and his wife, obtained by the Sun newspaper, was shot by passengers in a passing car as the couple cycled along a road in North Kensington.
It shows Ms Wheeler sitting on the saddle, without a helmet, holding her handbag as her husband stands on the pedals.
After the passengers informed the mayor he was breaking the law, Mr Johnson stepped off the bike and said: "Night, night," to them.
They can be heard in the video asking the mayor: "Mate, you all right? Saddling, that's a good one, eh?" Another says: "You're not allowed to do that, mate."
Section 24 of the Road and Traffic Act states: "Not more than one person may be carried on a road on a bicycle not propelled by mechanical power unless it is constructed or adapted for the carriage of more than one person."
The mayor, whose responsibilities include London transport, is a keen cyclist and cycles available for public hire in London have gained the nickname "Boris bikes".
Mr Johnson's official spokesman said: "The mayor wishes to apologise for offering his wife a short-lived lift on the back of his bike!
"He was unaware that he was apparently in contravention of the Road and Traffic Act. He wasn't intending to ride all the way home from North Kensington to North London with Marina on the back; rather he was attempting to transport his wife to a main road, from where they hailed a black cab for her.
"As everyone knows the mayor is a huge supporter of cycling, and an even bigger...

Summary: