The inquiry has heard that the state had a "very judgmental" attitude towards children in poverty in the first half of the 20th Century.
The inquiry has heard that the state had a "very judgmental" attitude towards children in poverty in the first half of the 20th Century.
The inquiry has heard

The UK Independence Party spent almost as much as the Conservatives at this year's European elections - while the Lib Dems outspent Labour, Electoral Commission figures show.

Article: Nothing less than a "battle against secrecy".
And now Herve Falciani has revealed that far from this week being the end of the story, there is still plenty of information that is likely to come out about HSBC.
One million new bits of data, to be precise.
He says work will start soon on analysing the information.
And that a major oil company could be next to feel the effects of a major data leak about how it operates.
Mr Falciani is the man behind the largest data leak in banking history - and after days of revelations about HSBC and tax evasion by its wealthy customers between 2005 and 2007, he now says he feels vindicated.
The BBC has seen an email obtained by Le Monde that Mr Falciani sent in 2008 to Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC).
It offered details of clients in what was described as a large private bank in Switzerland.
He told me that HMRC did not respond, despite a follow up phone call to the tax evasion hotline.
HMRC told Parliament on Wednesday that it had no record of the email. After last night's revelations, it said it was now looking into whether it had received it.
I asked him how it felt, seeing the email again, seven years after he sent it.
"Relieved in a sense. It's part of public awareness now."
There are now questions about why HMRC didn't respond and why it has taken so long for the information to become public.
HSBC has said it has reformed how its private bank operates and that there are now far fewer clients and much stricter controls.
Anyone involved in the allegations of tax evasion have left the bank, sources tell me.
But Mr Falciani says that HSBC should still be prosecuted for past failings.
"We have to punish, no matter how big they are," he said, saying that there could have been "hundreds" of other banks involved in helping wealthy people avoid and evade tax.
He called on European, Asian and American law enforcement agencies to work together to tackle bank corruption.
Whistleblowers should also be given more protection so they can reveal what they know.
Critics of Mr...

Summary: He came across as credible, assured and clear in what he is trying to achieve.
###
Article: Prof Kenneth Norrie was the first witness to give evidence in public at the hearing in Edinburgh.
He told how lawmakers had sought to "insulate" youngsters from poor backgrounds from negative influences.
He said "there was a very judgmental attitude towards children, even children in poverty" at the time.
More than 60 institutions, including several top private schools and church bodies, are being investigated.
The inquiry, which is being chaired by Lady Smith, is looking in detail at historical abuse of children in residential care.
It is expected to report in late 2019 - four years after it was set up.
Prof Norrie, of the University of Strathclyde's Law School, guided the hearing through developments in legislation surrounding children, juvenile offenders and child protection from the early to mid-20th Century.
He also spoke of the creation of institutions such as "voluntary homes", remand homes - for children awaiting trial or on short sentences - and borstals, designed to retrain and rehabilitate young offenders.
Giving an overview of the first four decades of the 20th Century, he said there was a "developing idea" among authorities that the law needed to "insulate" certain children from "bad influences".
His narrative came during questioning by Colin MacAulay QC, counsel to the inquiry.
Prof Norrie said: "It's perceived that children are products of their environment, so the way to protect children is to protect them from their environment and that means removing them from their family.
"Actually in the early years of the 20th Century, this hardens.
"One of the really noticeable features of the regulation we've been looking at is what isn't there. What isn't there is any contact with parents. That's virtually absent.
"And indeed, as the years go by before the Second World War, it becomes almost official policy to discourage parental visits."
The witness said authorities also sought to restrict the influence not just of parents, but the wider family, on certain children.
"You see with the boarding-out...

Summary: Scotland's child abuse inquiry has heard the state had a "very judgmental" attitude towards children in poverty in the first half of the 20th Century.
###
Article: UKIP, which won May's election, spent £2,956,737, while the Tories' campaign expenditure was £2,980,815,
The Lib Dems spent £1,580,575 and lost all but one of their MEPs - Labour, which came second, spent £1,027,339.
The figures cover the campaign period from 23 January to polling day, 22 May.
UKIP's campaign spending works out at 68p for each of their 4,376,635 votes. For Labour it is 26p per vote, the Conservatives 79p and the Lib Dems, who lost 11 of their 12 MEPs, £1.45. The Green Party, which came fourth, spent £534,249 on its campaign - 43p for each of its 1,255,573 votes.
Including the SNP's £267,372, the six highest-spending parties spent a total of £9,347,087 on campaigning, the Electoral Commission said.
All but Labour spent more than they did during the 2009 European election campaign.

Summary:


The Lorenz SZ42 - known as Hitler's "unbreakable" cipher machine - is on loan to the National Museum of Computing at Bletchley Park.
The Lorenz SZ42 - known as Hitler's "unbreakable" cipher machine - is on loan to the National Museum of Computing

A team of engineers will use 3D printing technology to reconstruct the missing motor of a rare wartime German code machine.

Article: Through the centuries thousands have died as a result of tremors equal to, or not much bigger than, the event that struck in the early hours of Wednesday.
We all recall the L'Aquila (Magnitude 6.3) event of 2009 in which 295 died. But go much further back to Avezzano (Magnitude 6.9-7.0) in 1915, which claimed 30,000 lives; and to 1703 when a trio of Magnitude 6 quakes killed at least 10,000 people.
Thankfully, we tend not to see deaths on those scales any more, and that is because of more robust building, better preparation and more co-ordinated emergency responses after the fact.
What doesn't change is the geological cause. On the grand scale, Italy's seismic problems are driven by the great collision between the African and Eurasian tectonic plates.
But look closer at the specifics of any quake and the details are much more complicated. The Tyrrhenian Basin, or Sea, which lies to the west of Italy, between the mainland and Sardinia/Corsica, is slowly opening up.
Scientists say this is contributing to extension, or "pull-apart", along the Apennines which works at a rate of 3mm per year.
Add in movement in the Adriatic where the crust is rotating in an anti-clockwise direction, and you have a fiendishly complex picture. Italy is literally being pushed and pulled every which way.
"The Apennines are also very high; the crust is very thick there and there's a process of gravitational collapse," said Dr Richard Walters from Durham University, UK.
"So, there's a spreading of the Apennine mountain chain which also then leads to extension - the pulling part - and therefore the normal faulting earthquakes."
These are not the colossal tremors we see at tectonic plate boundaries where Magnitude 8 and 9 events will occur. But as history shows, Apennine quakes will certainly cause their share of misery.
"The effects are so devastating here because the quakes happen so shallow in the crust. And that's just due to the nature of the faults," explained Dr Laura Gregory from Leeds University, UK, who works in the...

Summary: Quakes are the ever present danger for those who live along the Apennine mountain range in Italy.
###
Article: The section, which showed the story of Rosslyn Chapel, was taken from Kirkcaldy Galleries at about 10:00 on Thursday.
Fife Cultural Trust has appealed for help track down the missing panel and is helping police view CCTV footage.
The Great Tapestry features 160 individual panels which were stitched by more than 1,000 volunteers.
It took more than 50,000 hours to complete the work and at 143m long it is the world's longest embroidered tapestry.
The design tells the "story of Scotland" across  intricate panels.
Each covers a different period of Scottish history, from the Battle of Bannockburn to the reconvening of the Scottish parliament in 1999.
The tapestry has been on display at Kirkcaldy Galleries since 20 June.
The stolen panel was designed by artist Andrew Crummy.
Author Alexander McCall Smith, who came up with original idea for the tapestry, said: "This is a terrible blow for a project that has brought so much joy to so many people.
"I appeal to those who have taken this panel to return it. Words cannot express how shocked I am that somebody should damage in this way what is now widely seen as a great national treasure."
Laurie Piper, from Fife Cultural Trust, said: "The people of Fife have taken the tapestry to their hearts and we are now hoping that they will help us to bring it back where it belongs - alongside its 159 companions."

Summary: A panel from the Great Tapestry of Scotland has been stolen while the work was on display in Fife.
###
Article: The Lorenz SZ42 - known as Hitler's "unbreakable" cipher machine - is on loan to the National Museum of Computing at Bletchley Park.
Staff launched an appeal for help to recreate the vital component to allow visitors to see it in working order.
Messages from Lorenz were routinely intercepted during World War Two.
The machine was used by German forces in Norway and seized by the Norwegian secret services after the war.
It has been given to the UK on long-term loan by the Norwegian Armed Forces Museum.
It is thought about 200 were in operation during the war, but only four still exist.
The model has a number of inner components missing - including an all-important working motor.
Now, a team of engineers from the Government Communications Centre (HMGCC) has stepped in to recreate the motor using 3D printing technology.
The museum's John Whetter, who helped secure the loan of the Lorenz SZ42, said: "The HMGCC team will take three-dimensional images of an existing Lorenz motor and then reconstruct it using 3D printing techniques.
"Externally, the motor will be almost indistinguishable from an original."
The motor will allow staff to demonstrate how Bletchley Park was able to intercept German commands using the British codebreaking machine, Colossus.
The groundbreaking intelligence work carried out at Bletchley Park during World War Two was credited with bringing forward the end of the conflict.
A HMGCC spokesman said: "The wartime work at Bletchley Park, including breaking the Lorenz cipher, was instrumental in the birth of modern computing and the development of what we now call cyber security."

Summary:

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The government has announced a new £1.5bn fund to help people buy their first home.
The scheme will be run by the Homes and Communities Agency (HCA), which will work with local authorities to identify areas where the scheme will be most effective.
The government said the scheme will be available to people

Tenants in Southampton may face eviction because landlords are holding incorrect paperwork, Shelter claims.

Article: Mark Carney, the Bank's governor, warned that the risks of leaving "could possibly include a technical recession".
Prime Minister David Cameron said the warning amounted to "a very clear message" of the dangers of Brexit.
Vote Leave campaigners have strongly criticised Mr Carney, with one calling for him to resign.
However, a spokesman for Mr Carney rejected the call, saying the Bank had "a duty" to make its judgements known.
The latest minutes from the Bank's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) said that a leave vote may cause both growth and sterling to fall and unemployment to rise.
Mr Carney said the Bank had not compiled formal forecasts about the possibility of a recession - defined as two consecutive quarters of negative growth - resulting from a Brexit vote.
Chancellor George Osborne said the UK now had a "clear and unequivocal warning" from the MPC as well as the Governor of the Bank of England about the risks of a Leave vote,
"The Bank is saying that it would face a trade-off between stabilising inflation on one hand and stabilising output and employment on the other," he said.
How working conditions and pay rates are affected by EU membership.
"So either families would face lower incomes because inflation would be higher, or the economy would be weaker with a hit to jobs and livelihoods. This is a lose-lose situation for Britain. Either way, we'd be poorer."
Jacob Rees Mogg, a Tory MP and Treasury Select Committee member, called on Mr Carney to resign.
"I think it is unprecedented for the governor of a central bank to suggest that people should short his own currency. Suggesting sterling will fall sharply is simply not what responsible central bankers do," he said.
Former Work and Pensions secretary Iain Duncan Smith said that Mr Carney needed to be "very careful" about making such comments.
Lord Lamont, the former Chancellor and Vote Leave spokesman, said: "The governor should be careful that he doesn't cause a crisis. If his unwise words become self-fulfilling, the responsibility will be the...

Summary: The Bank of England has given its starkest warning yet that a UK vote to leave the EU could hit the economy.
###
Article: Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi called on Muslims to immigrate to the "Islamic State", saying it was a duty.
He made a "special call" for judges, doctors, engineers and people with military and administrative expertise.
Isis says it is forming an Islamic state, or caliphate, on the territories it controls in Iraq and Syria.
In an earlier audio recording this week, the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Isis) proclaimed Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi as caliph and "leader for Muslims everywhere".
The central government in Baghdad has lost control of vast swathes of territory to Sunni militants, led by Isis, over the past month.
The group says its Islamic state will extend from Aleppo in northern Syria to Diyala province in eastern Iraq.
Setting up a state governed under strict Islamic law has long been a goal of many jihadists.
"Rush O Muslims to your state. Yes, it is your state. Rush, because Syria is not for the Syrians, and Iraq is not for the Iraqis," al-Baghdadi said in a new audio message on Tuesday.
"O Muslims everywhere, whoever is capable of performing hijrah (emigration) to the Islamic State, then let him do so, because hijrah to the land of Islam is obligatory," he added.
He also called on jihadist fighters to escalate fighting during the holy month of Ramadan, which began on Sunday.
"There is no deed in this virtuous month or in any other month better than jihad in the path of Allah, so take advantage of this opportunity and walk the path of you righteous predecessors," he said in the 19-minute audio message.
Little is known about the Isis chief, nicknamed "the invisible sheikh", who unlike al-Qaeda leaders such as Osama Bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri, does not appear in video messages.
In the message, he offered a long list of countries where he said violations were being committed against Muslims - from the Central African Republic to Myanmar (also known as Burma).
"By Allah, we will take revenge! Even if it takes a while, we will take revenge," he said.
Isis said on Tuesday it had seized control of the Syrian...

Summary: The leader of jihadist militant group Isis has called on Muslims to travel to Iraq and Syria to help build an Islamic state, in an audio message.
###
Article: Landlords who let properties to more than three unrelated people need to apply for a licence for a House of Multiple Occupation (HMO).
But many are put off - because a licence can cost ??1,000 - despite facing a fine of up to ??20,000, Southampton City Council said.
The authority estimated a total of 1,500 unlicensed HMOs in the area.
Shelter helpline adviser Nadeem Khan said fear of eviction and living in poorly maintained properties are frequent concerns raised by HMO tenants.
"Because of the huge shortage of affordable homes people are being forced into rented homes which are unregulated. We receive about five or six calls a day about this," he said.
Nationally, mandatory licensing for HMOs is aimed at houses of three storeys or more and occupied by five or more unrelated people.
In Southampton, the licences affect properties in Bargate, Bevois, Portswood, Swaythling (Designation 1 - introduced in 2013) and in Shirley Freemantle, Millbrook, and Bassett (Designation 2 - introduced in 2015).
A council spokesman said: "Landlords have generally co-operated with the regime, but a small minority have resisted applying for their licence."
The council said it had so far gained prosecutions against one firm and 13 individuals.

Summary:


A Birmingham man has been jailed for life for the murder of a man who was found dead in a car park in the city.
The court heard that the victim, who was in his 20s, was shot in the head and chest in a car park in the city's Jewellery Quarter on 1 September 2016.

Two police officers who plotted to steal and sell drugs for profit have been convicted of drugs and misconduct offences.

Article: Alex Neil said ministers would also look to reduce the stress of applying for social security.
Responsibility for a number of benefits is being devolved to MSPs as part of the new Scotland Bill.
They include the Carer's Allowance and benefits for the disabled such as the Disability Living Allowance.
Just over 15% of welfare spending north of the border will be devolved, with the legislation also giving the parliament in Edinburgh the power to create new benefits and top up existing payments.
Mr Neil will use a debate on Tuesday to set out the key principles that will underpin the Scottish government approach to welfare - that social security is an investment in the people of Scotland, with respect for the individual at the heart of the system.
Holyrood ministers also stress welfare services will be "evidence based", and provide value for money, while "putting people first" will be central to all policies, processes and systems.
Mr Neil said: "With our new social security powers we have the opportunity to take a different approach and develop policies for Scotland which will help to remove the stigma attached to accessing benefits.
"These policies will be based on principles which will ensure people are treated with dignity and respect. We want to show that social security can be fairer, tackle inequalities, and protect and support the vulnerable in our society."
"It's understandable that people who receive benefits, who are ill, retired or disabled, will be concerned about how these changes will affect them.
"I want to reassure them that our priority is for them to receive their benefits on time and with the right amount."
He added: "We want to ease some of the stress of applying for benefits and will make the system easier and simpler to navigate, and align it with our devolved services that support people."

Summary: The Scottish government wants to use new welfare powers to help remove the stigma attached to claiming benefits, the social justice secretary has said.
###
Article: Trinity Mirror analysed 3,185 state-funded secondary schools in 15 areas for its Real School Guide.
About 5% of those analysed are grammar schools, which select pupils based on the 11-plus test.
The teachers union, the NUT, said selective schools were "socially divisive and antiquated".
Claire Miller, a data journalist for Trinity Mirror's regional team, said: "It's not too surprising.
"If you are selective you can select pupils who will do better, although a lot of these schools do also add value.
"Selective schools tend to have better attendance and more of their pupils stay in education after their GCSEs.
1 Pates Grammar School, Cheltenham
2 Langley Grammar School, Langley
3 Queen Elizabeths School, Barnet
4 Wallington County Grammar, Sutton
5 Nonsuch High For Girls, Cheam
6 Wilsons School, Wallington
"Of course, many will have their own sixth forms so it's easier for students to stay in an establishment with which they are familiar than start somewhere new."
Kevin Courtney, deputy general secretary of the NUT, said: "Children develop at different rates and at different times, which makes academic selection at 10 or 11 years old wrong.
"International evidence clearly demonstrates that if an education system is to be characterised by quality and equity, it is the comprehensive path that must be followed.
"Grammar schools have far fewer pupils with special educational needs or eligible for free school meals. They also have fewer pupils from ethnic groups."
There are 164 grammar schools in England, educating 4% of the secondary school population.
Pupils are selected based on their results in the 11-plus test taken in the final year of primary school.
In 1998, the then-Labour government banned the creation of new grammar schools, although existing ones were allowed to continue.
David Cameron is also opposed to the creation of new grammar schools, preferring instead to allow groups to set up free schools.
Opponents of grammar schools say all children should be educated equally.
Supporters argue they give bright...

Summary: Eight out of the 10 top-performing state schools in England and Wales are selective grammar schools, research by a newspaper group has found.
###
Article: Birmingham-based West Midlands Police constables Wahid Husman, 48, and Tahsib Majid, 36, used their roles to conspire to steal quantities of Class A and B drugs, the force said.
Husman admitted drugs and misconduct offences on 7 August.
Majid was convicted on Tuesday after a trial at Birmingham Crown Court.
Five other men also admitted a number of offences on 7 August following the police investigation, the West Midlands force added.
Husman accessed police computer systems to feed information to a number of criminal associates, while Majid committed a Data Protection offence on behalf of an associate, the force said.
A surveillance operation, led by the force's counter corruption unit, captured the officers talking about drug dealing on duty and conspiring with criminal associates to steal a consignment of illegal drugs destined for Birmingham.
The group planned to split the drugs between them to supply for their own gain.
See more stories from across Birmingham and the Black Country here
Police said an investigation revealed Husman had begun accessing police computer systems as far back as 2011, when he started to feed intelligence and information to some of his co-accused.
After his arrest, officers searched Husman's address and found Â£7,000 cash and heroin.
The officers, based at Perry Barr, were suspended following their arrest in February 2017 and now face dismissal from West Midlands Police.
All the defendants are due to be sentenced in October.

Summary:


The UK's biggest energy firm has announced it will close its Birmingham office.
The company said it will close its office in Colmore Row in September.
The move comes after the company announced it would close its office in the city in September.
The company said it would close its office in Colmore Row in

One of the UK's biggest insurers Royal Sun Alliance is to close its Birmingham office, putting 190 jobs at risk.

Article: They grew 1% higher than the previous quarter.
All the quarterly growth was driven by urban areas. Prices in rural areas have remained unchanged.
The figures come from the Northern Ireland Residential Property Price Index, which analyses almost all sales, including cash deals.
Prices are still lower than levels recorded at the start of 2005.

Summary: House prices in Northern Ireland have risen by 7% in the third quarter of 2014, compared to the same period last year.
###
Article: The French energy company said Hinkley Point C in Somerset will not start generating power in 2023 as planned.
EDF says it will provide a revised timetable for the Â£24.5bn plant when it takes a final investment decision on the project.
The news comes as a report for the OECD says that the UK's projected nuclear costs are the highest in the world.
The delay to Hinkley Point delay is bad news for the government. The UK's old coal-fired power plants will be forced to close before 2023 under EU air quality rules and the gap in generating capacity will have to be filled some other way.
EDF has been struggling with securing finance for the project but hoped to secure Chinese funds when the Premier Xi Jin Ping visits London next month.
Its chief executive, Jean-Bernard Levy, said he still had "full confidence in the success of the Hinkley Point project".
But it has been dogged by finance problems and negotiations with the EU over state aid.
A spokesman for the Department of Energy and Climate Change said: "The UK Government and EDF are continuing to work together to finalise the project. The deal must represent value for money and is subject to approval by ministers."
Unite called on Energy Secretary Amber Rudd to press potential investors to make a decision on Hinkley Point.
"Business and domestic consumers face the very real prospect of power cuts and the lights going out in the years to come, if the final investment decision on Hinkley Point is not made very soon," said national officer Kevin Coyne.
The OECD report shows that the cost of a nuclear plant in Britain is projected to be almost three times higher than in China or South Korea.
Costs of nuclear are hard to compare from one country to another, but the gulf between projected costs in China and the UK is indisputable.
It is partly a question of scale given that China is building dozens of new nuclear stations. But it is also partly because state-run nuclear enterprises can borrow at very low or even zero rates of interest.
Some experts want the UK to take...

Summary: EDF has admitted that the construction of Britain's first new nuclear power plant in decades has been delayed.
###
Article: The firm, which has had a presence in the city for more than 30 years, says it follows a restructuring review.
The office will shut later this year but a new "commercial trading site" will open in the city in September. Staff are to be offered redeployment around the UK, a spokesman said.
Union Unite called it a "big blow" for the finance sector in Birmingham.
Regional secretary, Gerard Coyne, said: "[Royal Sun Alliance] have made us aware of their intention to close the Birmingham office.
Updates on this and more from Birmingham and Black Country
"We will now enter into discussions with them and try to get them to review their decision in Birmingham as it's a big blow to our members and the finance and insurance sector in the city."
Royal Sun Alliance told staff on Wednesday that 190 jobs were at risk of redundancy but was "committed" to staying in the city. It has been at its current site in Colmore Row for 20 years.
A spokesman said the firm's review showed it could work more effectively "if teams doing the same kind of work, or focused on the same kinds of customers, are situated together".
"Unfortunately, a number of our employees will be impacted by these changes and we will be working closely with them over the next few months and will look to redeploy our people wherever possible."

Summary:


The asteroid is about 1.2 million km across, and its moon is about 70m wide.
Article: The asteroid is about 1.2 million km across, and its moon is about 70m wide.
The asteroid is about 1.2 million km across, and its moon is about 70m wide.

New pictures of asteroid 2004 BL86, which passed close by Earth yesterday, have been released by US space agency Nasa.

Article: Ecologists fitted special tiny tail cameras that can see beneath the birds' bellies to see how the wild New Caledonian crows behave.
As well as glimpsing two crows making special foraging hooks, the team was able to track their activity over time.
Christian Rutz, from the University of St Andrews in the UK said: "Why is it that New Caledonian crows use tools but other birds don't? I think the answer lies in figuring out how important tool use is in their everyday lives.''
In nearly 12 hours of "crow cam" footage from 10 different birds, the team diddn't get much footage of the birds making and using the tools.
"Out of total observation time, only about 3% was spent making or using tools," Dr Rutz said. And only four of the 10 picked up a tool at all.
The crows spent most of their time looking  for food with their beaks.
The birds spent a lot of time tearing strips from paperbark trees in search of grubs. Their sturdy beaks are perfectly good for this job.
"But every now and then, they suddenly switch to tool use - in the very same trees.'' Dr Rutz said. "We don't understand what is happening there."
But they caught two different crows, not just using sticks but making - and using - hooks.
"When we got that footage it was a proper high-five moment in the field camp," Dr Rutz said.
From lab experiments and sightings through binoculars, the team knew that the birds made these hooks.
They snap off one branch from a forked twig and leave a small part of the main stem attached to the end.
But now, for the first time, they have video evidence of it happening, unprompted, in the wild.
Jolyon Troscianko from the University of Exeter said: "New Caledonian crows are notoriously difficult to observe, not just because of the challenging terrain of their tropical habitats, but also because they can be quite sensitive to disturbance."
The crow cams have been given a new design to make recording easier.
Instead of beaming the video to a receiver which meant researchers had to scramble through the New Caledonian forest with...

Summary: Crows are well known for their clever tricks but now they have been caught on camera making and using hook like tools.
###
Article: On Wednesday, the UUP announced the names of two new MLAs, Adrian Cochrane-Watson and Neil Somerville.
They are replacing the party's two new MPs, Danny Kinahan and Tom Elliott.
On Thursday night, the SDLP will pick a replacement MLA for its party leader.
Dr Alasdair McDonnell is resigning from the assembly on Sunday to concentrate on his role as an MP.
It is thought the Belfast councillor Claire Hanna will get his job as a South Belfast MLA.
Stormont's co-option system was introduced because holding a by-election could change the party political balance within a six-member constituency.
That would happen if an MLA belonging to a smaller party within a particular constituency stepped down, and a subsequent by-election was won by the dominant party within that seat.
The system also avoids the expense of by-elections.
Current co-optees include Sinn Féin's Rosaleen McCorley, Chris Hazzard, Bronwyn McGahan, Maeve McLaughlin and Ian Milne.
The party also used the system to bring Megan Fearon, Máirtín Ó Muilleoir, Declan McAleer, Conor Murphy and Alex Maskey to the assembly.
The SDLP have co-opted Sean Rogers and Fearghal McKinney, the DUP have done the same with Gary Middleton, while the late independent MLA David McClarty was succeeded by Clare Sugden.
Sometimes co-opted MLAs are referred to as unelected politicians, but that is now becoming less straightforward.
Sinn Féin's Conor Murphy was elected as an MLA before handing his seat over to Megan Fearon.
Now he has been co-opted back in to the assembly to succeed Mickey Brady, who succeeded him as Newry and Armagh MP.
Similarly, Alex Maskey was originally elected in South Belfast, but now sits as a co-opted West Belfast MLA.
When Willie Hay, now Lord Hay, stepped down as an MLA and Stormont speaker, the DUP first replaced him with Maurice Devenney.
But shortly afterwards, they had to make a double co-option, with Gary Middleton stepping in to Mr Devenney's shoes.

Summary: Once the new Ulster Unionist and SDLP MLAs take their places in the Stormont chamber, 17 of the 108 MLAs will have benefited from the co-option process, which avoids the need to hold by-elections.
###
Article: 27 January 2015 Last updated at 14:30 GMT
They show that the asteroid has its own small moon orbiting it.
The asteroid passed by the Earth at a safe distance of 1.2 million km, giving scientists a rare chance to study it 'up close'.
The new data shows that asteroid 2004 BL86 is about 325m across, and its moon is around 70m wide.
Now that it has passed Earth the asteroid will continue on its orbit around the Sun, and it won't come this close again for another 200 years!
The next 'close shave' of a large asteroid is due in 2027: that object is called 1999 AN10 and is just over 1km wide.

Summary:


The Conservative Party has been accused of "intolerance" after it emerged that a former Tory MP has been accused of sexual harassment.
The party has said it is "deeply concerned" by the allegations against former Tory MP and former cabinet minister Sir Christopher Chope.
The party said it was "deeply concerned

Young runners at Olympian Mo Farah's former athletics club have been banned from training at Windsor Great Park in preparation for cross country races.

Article: Mr Smith, who joins Angela Eagle in challenging Jeremy Corbyn, said the tax system needed to be more "progressive".
On Brexit, he said people should not accept "we're on a definite path out."
Mr Smith and other Labour MPs say there should be a "unity" candidate to take on Mr Corbyn, who has vowed to fight the challengers in the contest.
But Ms Eagle, who was the first to launch a challenge against the Labour leader, said it was "too early" to talk about that idea.
Meanwhile, Mr Corbyn told the BBC's Sunday Politics he thinks the rules which exclude recently signed-up Labour members from voting in the contest are "not very fair" - and that he wants the party's National Executive Committee to change them.
He also believes the £25 fee for registered supporters to vote in the contest is too high.
In a speech in his constituency later, Mr Smith, MP for Pontypridd, will set out his leadership pledges, including plans to invest £200bn into building projects, which he will say is what is needed to "rebuild Britain".
Speaking on Sunday's Andrew Marr Show, Mr Smith, when asked if he would raise taxes on the richest in society, said: "I think we need to completely overhaul our tax system, so yes."
The former shadow work and pensions secretary said he would reintroduce a 50p top rate of tax "tomorrow" and also said it was "completely anomalous" for capital gains tax to be 20% when the higher rate of income tax was 45%.
Mr Smith, a former member of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), went on to say he would vote to renew Trident in Monday's Commons vote, saying he believed the world had become "more volatile, more insecure over the last few years".
"I want a world without nuclear weapons altogether, but I don't think we hasten that by divesting," he said.
Asked whether he would be prepared to press the nuclear "button" as prime minister, Mr Smith said: "You've got to be prepared to say 'yes', that's absolutely right."
BBC political correspondent Alan Soady
Both Angela Eagle and Owen Smith are putting themselves...

Summary: Labour has been "too timid" about taxation, leadership hopeful Owen Smith has said, and pledged that he would raise the top income tax rate to 50p.
###
Article: Khan said his filmmaker wife Kiran Rao had even suggested leaving the country.
Mr Khan told a journalism awards ceremony that he was "alarmed" over the rise in acts of intolerance in the "last six to eight months".
Earlier this month fellow superstar Shah Rukh Khan also spoke out against what he called "extreme intolerance" in India.
A movement that began with writers returning state awards has spread to scientists, historians and filmmakers.
They have cited the killing of rationalists MM Kalburgi and Govind Pansare, as well as the lynching of a man over suspicions he consumed beef, as examples of rising intolerance in the country.
Actor, director and producer Khan told a ceremony organised by The Indian Express newspaper that a sense of "insecurity" and "fear" had been growing in India.
"(Wife) Kiran and I have lived all our lives in India. For the first time, she said, should we move out of India? That's a disastrous and big statement for Kiran to make to me," Khan was quoted as saying by the newspaper.
"She fears for her child. She fears about what the atmosphere around us will be. She feels scared to open the newspapers everyday. That does indicate that there is a sense of growing disquiet."
Khan said creative people were returning their awards to express dissatisfaction or disappointment with the state of affairs.
"For creative people, to voice what they feel is important. A number of creative people - historians and scientists - have increasingly had a certain feeling that they feel they need to express. One of the ways of expressing their dissatisfaction or disappointment is to return awards."
He said: "As long as you don't resort to violence, all individuals have a right to protest and they can protest in any manner they feel is right".
"This is certainly a way to protest for creative people."
A spokesperson for India's ruling BJP said Khan was entitled to his view, but India remained a tolerant country.
"You can't take the exception to be the rule. You can't be alarmist over stray incidents. Let us...

Summary: Bollywood superstar Aamir Khan has joined the rising chorus of protest against growing "intolerance" in India.
###
Article: Windsor, Slough, Eton and Hounslow Athletics Club normally use the park's famous Long Walk for winter training.
The Crown Estate now said the park's ground conditions are not suitable for the club's training sessions.
Coach John Higgins said: "Mo Farah used to train with the club, and he used to train exactly on this venue".
"It's really sad."
Mr Higgins said although the club used an athletics track for summer training, in winter it needed an outdoor venue for athletes to train on grass for cross country fixtures.
The club is used by children aged between eight to 18-years-old to train, and has been running since the 1880s, with Prince Philip as its current patron.
"We need somewhere lit and that's why the Long Walk is so perfect".
"It's a lovely place and we're very very careful about not littering, because we respect the place," he said.
Russell Young, a father of two children at the club, said: "We're extremely disappointed, we don't really cut up the grass.
"We thought they'd be quite happy to have children exercising on it."
The nearby playing fields of Eton, where the Thames Valley Athletics Centre is based, are not lit and have cricket pitches which could be damaged by runners, while Upton Park in Slough is not safe for the club to use at present as the pedestrian crossing is out of service following a collision with a lorry.
A spokesperson for Windsor Great Park said discussions were continuing with the club to find what other options may be available for the next season.

Summary:


A man has been jailed for life for the murder of a woman in a "vicious" attack in Pembrokeshire.
The victim, a woman in her 20s, was attacked in her home in Pembroke Dock, near Tenby, in May last year.
The man,

With clashes between South Sudan and Sudan threatening to spiral into all-out conflict, state TV networks in both countries are pulling out the stops to rally support for their respective causes.

Article: The transgender US army private, born Bradley Manning, is due to be freed on 17 May, after former President Barack Obama commuted her sentence.
Manning had been scheduled for release in 2045, after receiving a 35-year sentence for her role in leaking diplomatic cables to Wikileaks.
She confirmed the release was going ahead on her Twitter feed on Tuesday.
"Freedom was only a dream, and hard to imagine. Now it's here! You kept me alive <3," Manning wrote, linking to a longer statement which referred to some of the treatment she had received behind bars, including "periods of solitary confinement, and... routinely forced haircuts".
"For the first time, I can see a future for myself as Chelsea," she said. "I can imagine surviving and living as the person who I am and can finally be in the outside world."
Manning said she would be "forever grateful" to all those who had supported her and President Obama, and now hoped to make "life better for others".
President Obama commuted her sentence in January, with just three days left in office. The move did not satisfy all her supporters, as some felt she should have been pardoned.
A joint statement from her lawyers, Nancy Hollander and Vincent Ward, noted: "Chelsea has already served the longest sentence of any whistleblower in the history of this country. It has been far too long, too severe, too draconian.
"President Obama's act of commutation was the first time the military took care of this soldier who risked so much to disclose information that served the public interest."
The US army charged Manning with 22 counts relating to the unauthorised possession and distribution of more than 700,000 secret diplomatic and military documents and videos.
Included in those files was video footage of an Apache helicopter killing 12 civilians in Baghdad in 2007.
Manning also passed on sensitive messages between US diplomats, intelligence assessments of Guantanamo detainees being held without trial and military records from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The disclosures were...

Summary: Chelsea Manning has released a statement ahead of her planned release from prison next week.
###
Article: Stephen Bladen, 55, of Pembroke Dock, was found guilty of 33 offences, including rape of a girl aged seven and another under 11, at Swansea Crown Court.
He will serve a minimum of 14 years behind bars.
On Monday, Judge Keith Thomas found Bladen to be a "dangerous" criminal who had offended over a 30-year period.
Robin Rouch, prosecuting, earlier read statements made by Bladen's victims in which they said their lives were ruined and described the difficulties they now have in trusting men.
One wrote: "I would have become a very different person if I had not been abused."
Bladen had denied the charges, which also included indecent assault of a five-year-old girl and possessing indecent images of children.
He was, however, disbelieved by the jury and found guilty of the counts.
Judge Thomas said Bladen would be liable for recall to prison for up to seven years after his release - even if he serves the full 21 years - should he reoffend.

Summary: A Pembrokeshire man who raped two young girls and sexually assaulted three others has been jailed for 21 years.
###
Article: Martial music accompanies footage of soldiers, and statements by military commanders reinforce the military mobilization under way on both sides of the border.
Meanwhile, online activists within Sudan are using social media to question the official line.
State-run Sudan TV is re-running programmes made during the north-south civil war, including a 1990s repeat, "In The Fields of Sacrifice". The programmes urge "jihad" against "the enemy" - namely, South Sudan's ruling party.
The TV carries videos promoting the Popular Defence Forces (PDF) militia, a mainstay of the Sudanese military. The footage features PDF "martyrs" and archive footage of battles from the long-running civil war.
Other footage, broadcast under the title "The Youth Who Answer The Call To Arms", urges young men to join up. It features key figures from the ruling National Congress Party (NCP), including the defence minister and Khartoum State governor, who are shown dressed in military fatigues, extolling the virtues of jihad.
Unlike its counterpart in South Sudan, Khartoum's official TV is not showing contemporary footage from Heglig. Instead, it relies on archive video from other battlegrounds. The TV repeatedly insists that Sudanese forces are about to "liberate" the area.
South Sudan TV is showing footage of parades and recordings of commanders addressing soldiers. In one video, a commander addresses his soldiers in Arabic and blames the NCP and President Bashir for lying to their people and dragging the countries to the brink of war.
The commander urges his fighters to "liberate Khartoum from the NCP" and talks of sending President Bashir and his tribe "back to the Arabian peninsula".
Echoing the jihad calls from Sudanese commanders, the SPLA officer advocates "a Christian holy war" against the "mondokoro" (slang for Arab Sudanese), and promises to hand over President Bashir and other Sudanese officials to the International Criminal Court.
The network has been showing footage of prisoners of war, said to have been captured in Heglig. The...

Summary:


The Bank of England has said it is considering a switch to polymer banknotes.
The Bank of England has said it is considering a switch to polymer banknotes.
The Bank of England said it was "considering" a switch to polymer banknotes.
The Bank of England said it was "considering"

The assembly's presiding officer is urging people to make sure they are registered to vote in May's elections.

Article: The commercial, by Meat & Livestock Australia (MLA), was released on Saturday and has since gone viral.
It shows a SWAT team "saving stranded Aussies" abroad from missing a barbeque on the country's national day.
The Advertising Standards Bureau (ASB) said it has received about 250 complaints, mostly from vegans.
ASB said it was also reviewing complaints of violence, and discrimination against Indigenous Australians.
The campaign has been accused of cultural insensitivity for using the slogan "Operation Boomerang" - an Indigenous term - to mark Australia Day.
The national day commemorates the arrival of the first Europeans in the country but is seen by many Indigenous Australians as a day of mourning.
In one scene in the advert, a SWAT team smashes into the home of a man in New York saying "C'mon mate, in a few hours you'll be eating lamb on the beach", to which the the bearded man responds: "But I'm a vegan now...".
The ad later cuts to a shot of a flamethrower-wielding SWAT officer burning a bowl of kale on the vegan's table.
Meat & Livestock Australia said the ad was "tongue in cheek".
"Consumers are free to make up their own minds in relation to lifestyle choices, including what they eat. We appreciate that not all Australians eat lamb," group marketing manager for MLA Andrew Howie said in a statement.
"MLA is also aware of some complaints about the use of the word "boomerang" in the advertisement. It is not our intention to cause any offense through the use of this term which is used to symbolise Australians returning home for Australia Day."
Extracts of the complaints will be published on the Advertising Standards Bureau website after its next board meeting in about two weeks time, an ASB spokesperson said.

Summary: An action movie-style advertisement campaign to promote Australian lamb has angered vegans who call it "discriminatory".
###
Article: The Bank argues that the polymer notes stay cleaner and are more secure than cotton paper notes, which have been used for more than 100 years.
The £5 note featuring Sir Winston Churchill will be the first plastic banknote.
More than 20 countries around the world have adopted polymer banknotes.
The Bank of England said in September that it was considering a switch from cotton paper to polymer notes.
It then visited various shopping centres around the UK to gauge public opinion about the proposed change.
Nearly 13,000 people gave feedback. The Bank said 87% of those who responded were in favour of polymer, only 6% were opposed and 7% were neutral. However, some suggested the notes were too slippery.
It has now confirmed their introduction into the currency, starting with the £5 note. The £10 note is to go plastic about a year later, carrying the image of Jane Austen.
Follow a fiver - from production to destruction
The new banknotes will be made from a thin, transparent and flexible film made of polypropylene.
This is coated with an ink layer that enables it to carry the printed design features of a banknote. This allows the inclusion of windows or clear portions in the design, used to enhance protection against counterfeits.
The Bank has said that these notes last for 2.5 times longer than paper banknotes. They will survive a spin in the washing machine, but will still melt under extreme heat such as an iron.
Mark Carney, governor of the Bank of England, said: "Ensuring trust and confidence in money is at the heart of what central banks do.
"Polymer notes are the next step in the evolution of banknote design to meet that objective. The quality of polymer notes is higher, they are more secure from counterfeiting, and they can be produced at lower cost to the taxpayer and the environment."
The Bank said it expected to enter a contract with Innovia Security to supply the polymer material for the new £5 and £10 notes, in which case Innovia would establish a polymer production plant in Wigton, Cumbria, in...

Summary: Plastic banknotes that can survive a spin in the washing machine are to be brought into circulation by the Bank of England in 2016.
###
Article: Dame Rosemary Butler said it was "critical" that people voted, with more powers coming to Wales.
She said fewer than half of those eligible to vote did so in 2011.
"Yet when I tell people that around Â£16bn is spent on things like health and education, they quickly take an interest in how that money should be spent," she said.
Elections for the assembly and police and crime commissioners take place on  5 May.
There are concerns that up to 70,000 people in Wales - the number of voters in a typical constituency - have not registered to vote out of an adult population of 2.3m.
Speaking on National Voter Registration Day on Friday, Dame Rosemary said: "Encouraging more people to vote has been a key part of my role as Presiding Officer through campaigns like Women in Public Life, and tackling the democratic deficit.
"Devolution in Wales is moving into a new era with more powers set to lie here and more decisions made in Wales, for Wales."
Rhydian Thomas, head of the Electoral Commission in Wales, said they were fully behind the drive to recruit more voters.
"It's a fantastic opportunity to spread the message that young people, students, renters and home-movers are still much less likely to be registered to vote," he said.
Details of how to register to vote are available online.

Summary:


A man has been charged with the manslaughter of his four-week old son, Tommy Lee.
The baby was taken to Hull Royal Infirmary on 23 September 2014 and died later at Leeds General Infirmary.
The baby's mother, Kelly Whitworth, was arrested on suspicion of murder and taken to Hull

A father killed his son by shaking or throwing him when he was just four weeks old, a jury has been told.

Article: Prime Minister Stefan Lofven called early polls after losing a budget vote about three months into his term.
Under the deal, Mr Lofven will follow the opposition's budget next year, although he can make some changes.
The government failed to push through its budget when the far-right Sweden Democrats sided with the opposition.
The Sweden Democrats emerged as a power broker after September's elections. The election - called for 22 March - would have been Sweden's first early poll since 1958.
Speaking during a press conference in Stockholm on Saturday, PM Lofven said that he was pleased to have reached a deal.
"Sweden has a tradition of solving difficult problems," he told reporters.
"I am happy that... Sweden can be governed."
The deal was reached between Mr Lofven's centre-left Social Democrats and Greens Alliance, and the four-party centre-right group known as Alliance.
Mr Lofven said the document, called "The December Agreement" will remain in force until 2022.
It commits the opposition to abstain from voting against the government's budget proposals starting from April 2015 onwards.
It also co-ordinates the parties' polices on pensions, defence and energy issues.
Mr Lofven's Social Democrats formed a minority government with the Greens in September but between them they have only 138 seats in the 349-seat parliament.
The Sweden Democrats became the country's third largest party, with 13% of the vote. Their main demand has been the reversal of Sweden's liberal immigration laws.
Sweden has offered permanent residence to all Syrians fleeing the conflict and has the highest rate of asylum applications per capita of any European Union country.

Summary: Sweden's left-of-centre government has reached a deal with the main opposition resulting in a minority government and avoiding the need for snap elections.
###
Article: Cardiff and the Vale, Abertawe Bro Morgannwg and Hywel Dda health boards now face what is known as "targeted intervention".
It is the second-highest of four levels of oversight.
This is one level below being put in special measures.
This already applies to Wales' largest health board, Betsi Cadwaladr in north Wales, which was taken under direct control in June 2015.
All three health boards, according to Health Secretary Vaughan Gething, were unable to set out convincing medium-term plans to deal with local challenges.
The organisations are being monitored against a one-year improvement plan.
The decision, announced in a written statement to AMs, follows a twice-yearly meeting between the Welsh Government, Wales Audit Office and Healthcare Inspectorate Wales.
Meanwhile the Welsh Ambulance Service's escalation level has been downgraded to the lowest level of oversight - following what the Welsh Government describes as "considerable progress" made by the trust.
All other health organisations in Wales remain at their previous "escalation levels."
According to Mr Gething, Abertawe Bro Morgannwg - which is responsible for hospitals in Swansea, Neath Port Talbot and Bridgend -  in addition to not having an approved three year plan,  faced "continuing challenges in respect to unscheduled care and cancer."
The health board said it had made "significant progress" and made improvements in many areas "but recognise that we are currently facing a number of specific challenges about how to best deliver sustainable services that meet the increasing needs of our population".
Although Cardiff and Vale health board's performance recently improved in "key areas" - the health secretary said it "did not provide me with the necessary confidence that the organisation has a deliverable and affordable plan for the next three years."
Meanwhile Hywel Dda "faces a number of long-standing challenges" - which needs a "strategic solution" to make sure its services are sustainable"
There are four levels of escalation in the Welsh NHS which...

Summary: Three health boards in Wales have been placed under an increased level of scrutiny and control by the Welsh Government due to doubts about their ability to tackle their challenges.
###
Article: Liam Laverick, 25, from Beeford Grove in Hull has pleaded not guilty to the manslaughter of his four-week old son, Tommy Lee.
The baby was taken to Hull Royal Infirmary on 23 September 2014 and died later at Leeds General Infirmary.
Tommy Lee had been left in the sole care of Mr Laverick when the baby became ill, Hull Crown Court heard.
Prosecutor Nicholas Lumley QC said in his opening statement Tommy Lee was left in the care of Mr Laverick at his flat on Linnaeus Street, Hull.
He also told the court Mr Laverick had killed his son by shaking or throwing him.
The jury was shown CCTV footage of Mr Laverick taking Tommy Lee to a relative's house to find the baby's mother, Kelly Whitworth, before the couple ran with the child to the nearby Hull Royal Infirmary.
Mr Laverick gave different accounts of what had happened, including saying that he had fallen over while carrying the child, the prosecution said.
A recording of Mr Laverick speaking to Tommy Lee's mother at a police station and made without their knowledge was also played in court.
In it Mr Laverick described falling over in the hallway of their flat while carrying the baby.
The forensic pathologist who carried out the post mortem examination on the body of Tommy Lee said he had suffered serious bleeding around his brain and the back of his eyes.
The case continues.

Summary:


The number of people using food banks in the UK has increased by more than a third in the last year.
The Trussell Trust said the number of people using its emergency food parcels has increased by more than a third in the last year.
The charity said that it had evidence to suggest that, on average

A woman who was allegedly raped and abused by eight men in Rotherham changed from a "lovely girl to an animal", her mother told jurors.

Article: The charity said it issued more than 130,000 supplies of nutritionally-balanced food in 2015/16, up from 117,689 in the previous year.
Its new statistics suggest that food bank growth has slowed, however.
Last year the charity reported that food bank use had increased by two thirds on the previous 12 months.
The Trussell Trust said each of its emergency parcels contained enough food for 10 meals.
Everyone who received a food parcel was referred to the food bank by professionals such as a welfare rights adviser, a social worker or a health visitor.
Of the 113,726 handed out across Scotland last year, 43,952 went to children.
The charity said that it had evidence to suggest that, on average, people needed two food bank referrals in one year.
Its network of food banks increased to 51 last year with the controversial opening of a new facility in Dumfries by Scotland's only Conservative MP David Mundell.
Ewan Gurr, Scotland network manager for The Trussell Trust, said the figures highlighted an "alarming" number of people who were unable to buy food.
The charity's data showed that the number of referrals due to a low income increased by 2,845 on 2014/15.
However it said benefits delays were the main reason people turned to food banks - they made up a total of 26% of all referrals in Scotland.
Mr Gurr added: "In Scotland, we have heard from people using food banks due to the heart-breaking reality of losing a job in the oil and steel industries, others feeling a sense of despair after delays to a Universal Credit payment and some who have experienced sanctions that have impacted on their physical and mental wellbeing."

Summary: The number of three-day emergency food parcels handed out by The Trussell Trust in Scotland increased by more than 13% in the last year.
###
Article: The US city is facing a housing crisis, exacerbated by landlords renting out their property to visiting tourists rather than residents.
Under the rejected Proposition F, landlords would have been fined if they rented out their homes short-term for more than 75 days a year.
The result of the poll was closer than anticipated.
AirBnB lets landlords advertise property for short-term rentals, often undercutting hotels.
Proposition F would have seriously affected its operations in San Francisco, so the company spent $8m (Â£5.2m) on a "No on Prop F" campaign.
The "Yes" campaign, which lost by about 13,500 votes had just $1m (Â£650,000) funding.
Proposition F has been defeated, but despite the huge amount of money invested by AirBnB, the result was still pretty tight.
In fact, the result was closer than the "Yes" camp had imagined.
Dale Carlson, the "Yes" spokesman, had expected to be "completely blown out" in the vote.
In the end, the No supporters only won with 55% of the vote, and that isn't by much.
Given that regulators here now plan to use different legislative methods to limit AirBnB in San Francisco, this result may actually play in their favour.
Read more: San Fran votes on â€˜AirBnB law'

Summary: San Francisco voters have rejected a proposal to limit short-term rentals offered by AirBnB and similar services.
###
Article: The witness also said her family had been forced to move to Spain to escape her daughter's alleged abusers.
Sheffield Crown Court also heard how police lost tapes of an interview with defendant Sageer Hussain in 2003.
Eight men, including Mr Hussain, deny sexually abusing three girls between 1999 and 2003.
The mother of one of the alleged victims said in a statement: "Her character changed from a lovely girl to an animal. She became horrible."
She said at one stage she discovered a mobile phone in her daughter's bedroom and rang a number stored under the name 'Waleed'.
She said a man picked up the phone and said "I ain't done owt, I ain't touched her. It isn't me".
When she asked her daughter about the phone she said she burst into tears and said "They're raping me, they're raping me".
She told the court after her daughter went to the police in 2003 her family were repeatedly threatened.
"We were so distraught that we sold the business and the home and moved to Spain," she said.
Det Con Andy Stephanek, of South Yorkshire Police, told the court the force had lost the tape of an interview with Mr Hussain when he was first questioned about the allegations.
He said it appeared that "due to the passage of time they've been destroyed".
The trial continues.

Summary:


The name of a Spanish village that translates as "Kill Moors" has been changed following a referendum and local government approval.
The name "Isis" was originally chosen as the school is near to the section of the River Thames of the same name.
Formerly Iffley Mead School, it became Isis

A school has changed its name from "Isis" because the word has become associated with the so-called Islamic State.

Article: The Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) also found this group were likely to earn less and marry women with lower incomes.
It said the trends made poverty more likely to continue from one generation to the next and reduce social mobility.
The government said it wanted to "build an economy that works for everyone".
Since coming to power, Prime Minister Theresa May has promised to do more for families who are "just about managing".
Among other things, she has said it is vital to tackle the shorter life expectancy for those born poor, and the lower chances of white working class boys going to university.
However, with price increases outstripping wages since the Brexit vote, many workers are getting poorer on average in real terms.
Moreover, average real wages in the UK are still lower than they were before the financial crisis 10 years ago.
The IFS based its findings on the most recent long-term study available, which surveyed people born in 1970 and followed them as they got older.
It found that more than a third of men aged 42 from the poorest fifth of families did not live with a partner in 2012. That compared with only a seventh from high-income backgrounds.
It said men from disadvantaged backgrounds experienced lower rates of marriage and higher rates of divorce.
It also looked at men in couples. It found that the partners of those from richer backgrounds earned more than 70% more than the partners of men from poorer families.
Chris Belfield, a research economist at the IFS, said: "As well as having higher earnings, those from richer families are more likely to be in work, more likely to have a partner and more likely to have a higher-earning partner than those from less well-off backgrounds.
"And all these inequalities have been widening over time."
The IFS said it was "well known" that the sons of richer parents tended to go on to earn more.
However, it said the earnings gap with those from less well-off backgrounds was widening.
In 2012, employed 42-year-old men whose parents were among the richest fifth...

Summary: Men from poor backgrounds are twice as likely to be single in their early 40s than those from rich families, research suggests.
###
Article: Castrillo Matajudios has now reverted to its previous title - Castrillo Mota de Judios ("Jew's Hill Fort").
Some 50 people who live there voted to change the name last year.
The controversial name may have been adopted in Medieval times by Catholic converts from Judaism keen to show their loyalty to the state.
Castrillo Mota de Judios has a long Jewish heritage - it was founded  in 1035 by Jews fleeing persecution.
"The phrase 'Matajudios' did not correspond to the way this village thinks or acts these days, nor with our village flag, which has the Star of David on it," the village's mayor, Lorenzo Rodriguez, told the Independent after last year's vote.
The name change was approved by the regional government of Castilla y Leon, Associated Press reported.
Spain still has a village called Valle de Matamoros, or "Kill Moors valley" -  a reference to the North African invaders who conquered parts of southern Spain, although there are no plans to change its name.

Summary: The name of a Spanish village that translates as "Fort Kill Jews" has been changed following a referendum and local government approval.
###
Article: Isis Academy in Oxford said it had rebranded as "Iffley Academy" to protect its "reputation, integrity and image".
The name 'Isis' was originally chosen as the school is near to the section of the River Thames of the same name.
Formerly Iffley Mead School, it became Isis Academy in 2013.
A statement issued by the school said it had changed name following "the unforeseen rise of ISIS (also known as ISIL and the Islamic State) and related global media coverage of the activities of the group".
"Our priority is to remove the detrimental impact which the name 'Isis' had on pupils, their families and our staff."
Last year a language school in the city removed Isis from its name for the same reason.
The Isis is the name given to the part of the River Thames above Iffley Lock in Oxford. It is also the name of the goddess wife of the god Osiris in Egyptian beliefs.

Summary:


The UK's largest private sector employer has warned of a "significant" slowdown in the economy.
The Confederation of British Industry (CBI) said the UK economy was "not growing as fast as it should" and that the UK was "not growing as fast as it could".
The CBI said the UK economy

Recruitment giant Hays has said the UK job market weakened "significantly" around the time of the EU referendum, but it is too early to judge the long-term impact of the vote.

Article: The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) study found the risk of heart disease fell by about 30% when subjects were asked to lower blood pressure beyond current recommendations.
The results were so conclusive that the NIH ended the study a year early.
Experts have disagreed on how to control blood pressure as people age.
"More intensive management of high blood pressure in people 50 years and older can save lives and reduce cardiovascular complications such as heart attacks," said Dr. Gary Gibbons, director of the NIH's National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, which sponsored the study.
The current standard for systolic blood pressure - the greater of the two numbers that measure blood pressure - is 140mmHg. The diastolic standard is 80mmHg.
However, researchers in the study adjusted participants' medication so their systolic pressure became 120mmHg, achieving big reductions in heart attacks, heart failures and strokes.
Systolic blood pressure is measured when the heart muscle muscle is working. Diastolic blood pressure is measured when the heart muscle is resting and refilling with blood.
It is too early to know if the study will change the current guidelines. Researchers advised people to discuss any changes to their blood pressure with their doctors.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), high blood pressure can cause heart disease and stroke, which are two of the leading causes of death in the US.
About 70 million adults in the US - or one in three Americans - have high blood pressure, the CDC says.

Summary: New research has shown that aggressive treatment of high blood pressure can significantly reduce risks of heart disease and death in people over 50.
###
Article: In June 1815, the Duke of Wellington sent a dispatch to tell Britain about the victory.
Major Harry Percy took it by boat to Broadstairs and then by fast carriage through Kent to London.
A replica horse-drawn post chaise visited the three places in Kent where Major Percy changed horses.
The route included Faversham and Sittingbourne on Saturday.
Major Percy also changed horses in Rochester but the carriage then visited Medway's Armed Forces Day at Great Lines Heritage Park, Gillingham.
New Waterloo Dispatch chairman Peter Warwick said the carriage would visit Walmer Castle, which was where the Duke of Wellington died and where he was also Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.
The final Waterloo dispatch was being presented to the current Lord Warden, Admiral of the Fleet the Lord Boyce, on Sunday at Walmer at the end of this year's celebrations.
Following the victory of the Duke of Wellington's allied forces over Napoleon's French army, Major Percy set out from Belgium carrying the letter written by the Duke relaying news from the battlefield to an expectant nation.
But the ship carrying the dispatch began to drift in the Channel, resulting in the men having to row the 20 miles to shore at Broadstairs.
From there, the dispatch was taken by carriage to the Prince Regent, who was at a dinner party in London.
Once there, the Prince Regent initially thought Major Percy - who was still covered in blood from the fighting - was bearing bad news.
But after Wellington's victory was announced, guests rushed into the street to celebrate.

Summary: A horse-drawn carriage has been touring Kent in the finale of national celebrations to mark the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo.
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Article: The company also said it had seen "no evidence" of any impact of the vote in markets outside the UK.
Its comments came as it reported an 11% rise in pre-tax profits to Â£173m for the year to 30 June.
Its profits were driven by strong trading in Asia and the rest of Europe.
In the UK, Hays said net fees were flat, with trading "more challenging" towards the end of its financial year, which coincided with the run-up to the EU referendum.
Conditions were particularly challenging in local government and healthcare markets in the UK.
Hays also said conditions were tough in banking in the City of London, and there were weakening trends in the construction and property business towards the end of the financial year.
Hays chief executive Alistair Cox said: "Following the EU referendum, there is increased uncertainty in the UK market, but we have seen no evidence of any impact elsewhere.
"It is too early to tell what the longer term impact may be and as ever, we will monitor activity levels closely."
Kean Marden, an analyst at Jefferies, said: "In construction and property, London and larger corporates have been most impacted. To date, Hays has seen no evidence of contagion into Europe."
"We are mindful that July and August are seasonally quiet months for the industry and September (which can be one of the largest revenue contributors of the year) will provide more meaningful insight."
The UK comprises about a third of Hays' business.  It employs about 9,200 people across 33 countries.
In the Asia Pacific region net fees grew by 4%, with Australia up 5%, boosted by strong public sector growth.
In continental Europe and the rest of the world, net fees increased by 15%.

Summary:


The former chief executive of a North Sea oil and gas company has been jailed for three years and four months for embezzling more than £1m.
The court heard that the former chief executive of Altus Intervention, Jacqueline McPhie, had diverted more than £1m from the company.

A woman jailed for embezzling more than £1.3m from her employers has been ordered to pay back nearly £600,000.

Article: The Walthamstow section of the road in north-east of the city had the worst traffic fumes, the study said.
Oxford Street ranked in the worst 15 for its estimated levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
Diesel vehicles are responsible for up to 30 times more emissions than petrol vehicles, Clean Air in London said.
The campaign group's study called for diesels to be banned from London's most polluted streets by 2020.
Clean Air for London said the mayor's office released the pollution data after they had turned down three freedom of information requests and Clean Air for London used EU legislation to force the mayor's office to release it.
Of any capital city in Europe, London has the highest levels of NO2, the group said.
•Benzene: A406 (North Circular Road), A118, A1055, A40 and A282
•NO2: A406, A118, A1055, Alfred's Way in East Ham and Barking (A13) and A13
•NOx: A282 (Dartford Crossing), A406, A118, Alfred's Way (A13) and A40 (Oxford Street)
•Particulate Matter 2.5: A406, A1055, A40, A118 and A4202 (Park Lane)
•Particulate Matter 10: A406, A1055, A40, A118 and A4202 (Park Lane)
Tonnes per kilometre per year, 2012; (Source: Clean Air in London)
Clean Air in London founder Simon Birkett said: "Ultimately, the only answer is for London to eliminate completely deadly diesel exhaust from the most polluted parts of London by 2020.
"If London knuckles down and cracks the diesel problem, it could be leading the world fighting air pollution as it did 60 years ago after the great smog."
The North Circular (A406) had the highest emission rates of four out of five of the pollutants measured in the study, while the Dartford Crossing (A282) had the highest emission rate of nitrogen oxide (NOx),
Mr Birkett said it was "staggering" Oxford Street and Brompton Road - two of the busiest for shoppers, were in the top 15 worst locations in London in 2012 for emissions of NO2.
He said the levels of NO2 on these streets were 2.5 times the limits set in World Health Organisation guidelines.
He called on the mayor to follow in the...

Summary: The North Circular has been named London's most polluted road in a study carried out for the mayor.
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Article: But a criminal probe is indeed continuing into alleged corruption at Brazil's largest business.
A number of directors at state-run Petrobras are accused of taking bribes from construction companies, in return for awarding them lucrative contracts.
Public prosecutors and federal police claim that bribes of up to 5% of contract values were being skimmed off.
And it is further alleged that some of these funds were funnelled to officials in the ruling coalition of the Workers' Party and Brazilian Democratic Movement Party.
In the wake of the continuing investigation, the federal prosecutor's office has launched a three-month, economy-wide anti-corruption campaign, including increased punishments for those found guilty, and improvements to the recovery of the proceeds of crime.
But as the Petrobras scandal continues to dominate the headlines in Brazil, how much of a corruption problem does the country have?
The Petrobras investigation, named Operation Lava Jato (or Car Wash in English), may be the biggest corruption probe in Brazil's history, but it is far from the first.
Instead for many commentators, corruption is endemic and institutionalised in Brazil.
Take the case of former billionaire Eike Batista, once the richest man in the country.
He fell from grace last year after his energy, mining and shipbuilding empire collapsed, and he was charged with insider trading and market manipulation, charges he denies.
Standing trial this year, the case was suspended back in February after the presiding judge - who had ordered the seizure of 1.5bn reals ($388m; Â£252m) of the businessman's assets - was found to be driving one of Mr Batista's luxury cars.
Separately, Mr Batista, 58, who was once worth as much as $30bn (Â£20bn), was fined 1.4m Brazilian reals in March by regulators for failing to alert investors about the imminent takeover of his EBX Group.
Meanwhile, both Brazilian investigators, and the US's FBI, are continuing to investigate allegations of corruption at last year's World Cup in Brazil.
"Unfortunately,...

Summary: When Petrobras was named the most ethical global oil and gas company in 2008, few would have imagined that the company would now find itself at the centre of the biggest corruption investigation in Brazilian history.
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Article: Jacqueline McPhie, 46, took the money while vice president for finance at Altus Intervention in Aberdeen between March 2013 and April 2014.
McPhie, of Arbroath, admitted embezzlement and was jailed for three years and four months in July.
At the High Court in Edinburgh, she was ordered to pay back £587,434 through her "realisable assets."
She was given six months to pay the confiscation order.
McPhie diverted money from the business, which supplies equipment for North Sea oil and gas projects, to fund her lifestyle.
She bought an £80,000 Range Rover, and spent more than £60,000 on a new garage and driveway, £52,000 on a kitchen and £30,000 on a summer house in her garden.
McPhie had previously been given 300 hours of community service 16 years ago for stealing £250,000 from previous employers.

Summary:


The US State Department has announced that it has reached an agreement with Russia to extend a ceasefire in Syria to include Aleppo.
The agreement, which was announced by US Secretary of State John Kerry on Wednesday, will last for 48 hours.
The ceasefire was due to expire on Sunday.
The agreement is the first time

A group calling itself "the IRA" has said it murdered the Northern Ireland prison officer David Black.

Article: The issue has put European governments in a spin: forcing a policy U-turn in Denmark, new legislation in the Netherlands and an agonised debate in Germany.
Analysts say early marriage is often carried out in refugee camps in Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey by families trying to protect girls from poverty or sexual exploitation. Elsewhere, poor families might marry off their young daughters in exchange for dowries.
The question is one of rights and protections - but which? When authorities stop minors cohabiting with their older spouses, are they combating child abuse or breaking up (often already traumatised) families?
Depending on where you go in Europe, you'll find a radically different range of responses to the issue.
Denmark's response has swung first one way and then the other.
In February, Integration Minister Inger Stojberg vowed to act after a review found dozens of cases of girls living with older men in asylum seekers' accommodation - which the minister called "totally unacceptable".
Couples would require "exceptional reasons" to live together below the age of 18 (the legal age for marriage in Denmark) and no cohabitation would be allowed whatsoever if one party was below 15.
But separation reportedly prompted two migrants under 18 to attempt suicide.
The policy was reversed earlier this week - with children as young as 14 reunited with their husbands - after the issue was raised with the Danish Immigration Service (DIS) by lawmaker Josephine Fock.
"It is completely outrageous. We are talking about people who have fled to Denmark who are being split from each other. Some of them have children together and investigating individual [asylum] cases takes an unbelievably long time," Ms Fock told Metroxpress news service.
The DIS cited Denmark's "international obligations" as the trigger for its policy change, concluding that enforcing separate living quarters would violate the UN's Convention on the Rights of the Child and Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which guarantees the right to...

Summary: Should a 14-year-old married girl who migrates to Europe be viewed as a child - or a spouse?
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Article: The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said rebels advanced into government-held western districts overnight but were pushed back by Wednesday morning.
The battle was the most intense in Aleppo for more than a year, it added.
Later, the US said an agreement has been reached with Russia to extend a truce in Syria to include Aleppo.
The Syrian military confirmed it would observe a 48-hour ceasefire in the city.
A surge in fighting in Aleppo in the past two weeks has killed almost 300 people.
The nationwide cessation of hostilities brokered in late February by the US and Russia, which back opposing sides in the war, is close to collapse.
A coalition of rebel groups fighting under the name "Fatah Halab" (Aleppo Conquest) launched the assault on the government's defensive lines in the west of the city on Tuesday by detonating a tunnel bomb, the AFP news agency reported.
Intense gun battles, air strikes and artillery attacks went on through Tuesday night. Intermittent clashes continued on Wednesday.
Activists also reported that government warplanes carried out more than 20 air strikes in the rebel-held eastern Ghouta outside Damascus, after a freeze in fighting declared by the government around the capital expired.
On Wednesday, the US State Department announced that an extension to the cessation of hostilities had been agreed with Russia on Tuesday.
"Since this went into effect today at 00:01 (local time; 21:01 GMT on Tuesday) in Damascus, we have seen an overall decrease in violence in these areas, even though there have been reports of continued fighting in some locations," a US statement said.
Al-Nusra, an al-Qaeda affiliate that is allied to a number of rebel groups, is excluded from the cessation of hostilities.
The government and its ally Russia say only al-Nusra positions in Aleppo are being targeted, but the opposition and the US accuse them of indiscriminately attacking civilians and rebels abiding by the cessation of hostilities.
UN humanitarian adviser Jan Egeland complained later on Wednesday that the...

Summary: Dozens of people are reported to have been killed in fierce clashes between rebel groups and government forces in the divided Syrian city of Aleppo.
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Article: He was shot as he drove to work on the M1 in County Armagh on 1 November.
The new paramilitary group is believed to have been formed from an amalgamation of previously disparate dissident republican organisations.
In a statement issued to the Belfast-based newspaper, the Irish News, the group said it killed him "to protect and defend" republican prisoners.
Mr Black was driving to work at Maghaberry Prison, Northern Ireland's high security jail, when he was attacked and killed.
There is an on-going dispute at the prison, where 41 dissident republican prisoners are detained.
Many of them are refusing to wash in protest at strip searches, and in a bid to secure political status.
Mr Black, a 52-year-old father of two, was the first prison officer to be murdered in Northern Ireland in almost 20 years.
A new organisation calling itself the IRA was formed during the summer, bringing together the Real IRA, Republican Action Against Drugs, and a group of non-aligned republicans - a number of whom are believed to be based in the Craigavon area of County Armagh.

Summary:


The IMF has warned that the eurozone debt crisis is "worsening" and that the world's financial system is "at risk of a major shock".
The statement comes after the IMF's managing director Christine Lagarde said the world's financial system was "at risk of a major shock".
"The global financial

A collapse in the global price paid for recycled waste has cost Welsh councils more than £1m in lost income.

Article: But this is not 2012, and this is not the Brownlee brothers. A couple of miles down the road from where Alistair and Jonny now live (in separate houses), history is repeating in a friendship that has become almost familial in its closeness.
In one bedroom, 2013 world champion Non Stanford. In the other, 2014 Commonwealth medallist Vicky Holland.
And that is almost all that comes between them. This is not just a story of cooking duties shared, the same swim sessions or mutual running and biking routes. The two have reached the ultimate relationship benchmark: finishing each other's sentences.
Take, for example, the topic of working together in races, and the habit of their male counterparts of shouting and swearing at those saving energy in others' slipstreams.
Stanford: "I'll get frustrated with people who aren't working, but I'm not as vocal as the boys. I don't think the best way to encourage someone is to be nasty to them..."
Holland: "…especially in the girls' race."
Stanford: "It's more, 'That's awesome, keep coming through.'"
Holland: "It's knowing how to coax those girls into something, rather than forcing them..."
Stanford: "…whereas with men you can peer-pressure them by calling them names..."
Holland: "…whereas that doesn't work with girls."
Stanford: "You have to think of the best way to get the whole group to work together."
Olympic years bring both spectacular sporting opportunity and unparalleled pressures. In 2012 the contrasting fitness and character of the Brownlees put a recurring strain on the brothers' relationship.
Alistair, relaxed and laissez-faire, could inadvertently wind up Jonny by getting up for early-morning swim training at the last possible minute. Jonny could annoy Alistair by sitting in their shared car with the engine running while he waited.
Stanford and Holland, both automatic selections for Rio, are different in that they are more alike.
One may hail from Swansea, the other from Gloucester. Holland is three years older. As triathletes, preparing to race this weekend in...

Summary: It's a familiar tale: two of the world's best triathletes, living together in the same small house just north of Leeds, training together three times a day, going into an Olympics as both the closest of allies and the biggest of rivals.
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Article: In a communique on Saturday, the global lender said it would review the resources it had available to tackle the crisis.
The statement added that eurozone nations would do "whatever necessary" to resolve Europe's debt crisis.
Following the statement, UK chancellor George Osborne said there was "no plan" for a Greek default.
However, the communique, issued during a meeting between G20 finance ministers, the IMF and the World Bank, did not give specifics on whether extra funds would be available to the global fund.
"Our lending capacity of almost $400 billion looks comfortable today but that pales in comparison with the potential financing needs of vulnerable countries and crisis bystanders," said IMF managing director Christine Lagarde in an action plan presented to the fund's policy steering panel.
The IMF's statement also called for governments to take steps to shore up the banking system.
By Stephanie FlandersEconomics editor, BBC News
Read Stephanie's blog
Robinson: Britain out of Europe
Will China rescue the West?
Banks holding large amounts of European sovereign debt have come under pressure from investors concerned about losses if those debts are not repaid.
"Advanced economies will ensure that banks have strong capital positions and access to adequate funding," said the communique.
The IMF, it said, would develop mechanisms to assist troubled financial institutions working across national borders.
Mr Osborne said eurozone members had agreed on the need to take decisive action to tackle the crisis.
Speaking in Washington, the chancellor said allowing Greece to default on its debts was not one of the proposals.
"No-one here has put forward a plan for that," said Mr Osborne.
The weekend meeting comes after another week of volatility on the world's share markets.
In Europe, the main share indexes in London, Paris and Frankfurt all fell about 4% over the week.
The IMF statement follows a similar communique from the G20 group of leading economies on Friday.
Make your way through the maze of Greece's debt...

Summary: The IMF says it will take decisive action to tackle the eurozone debt crisis and support the global economy.
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Article: Six authorities have told BBC Wales a meltdown in waste markets has hit their budgets.
Pembrokeshire council has seen the price it gets for steel drop by 88% over the year - while Flintshire has seen the price for plastics halved.
Experts say a slump in oil prices, cheap steel imports, and China's economic slowdown are to blame.
"We try to play the markets as best we can," Harvey Mitchell, the waste services manager for Flintshire, said.
"It makes it difficult when we do have a drop in issues we can't control, such as the global price of oil, or when larger countries flood the European market with steel."
Flintshire has been celebrating a record year for recycling household waste - up to 58% of everything thrown away now ends up at its waste recover facility in Buckley.
"But while we've seen an increase in the amount of material we've collected, we've actually seen a drop in the income because of the market prices," Mr Mitchell said.
Recycled waste netted the council £537,000 in revenue in 2015/16, but this represented a drop of 45% in the expected income - more than £400,000 in lost cash.
The pattern has been repeated in Pembrokeshire, where £360,000 has been wiped off the council's expected income, while four other councils saw a combined drop of £335,000.
"This is an issue which is impacting upon Wales as a whole, not just Pembrokeshire," a council official there said.
"Fortunately quotes for the coming months are starting to look more positive with prices starting to increase."
The impact on most of the other Welsh councils which responded to BBC Wales has been minimal, as they said are tied into long term contracts dealing with their recycling services.
But one academic expert said authorities and the public in Wales will need to refocus as they face ever increasing targets on recycling.
By 2025 Welsh authorities are being asked to recycle 70% of waste - by 2050, it should be 100%.
"Waste prevention is what this is all about," Rebecca Colley-Jones, from Bangor University's Sustainability Lab, said.
"It's...

Summary:


The government has announced a new £1.5bn fund to help councils tackle homelessness.
The fund will be used to help councils provide more homes for people who are homeless.
The government says it will be used to help councils provide more homes for people who are homeless.
The fund will be used to help

Elderly Germans may have to keep working until the age of 69 if a Bundesbank proposal is adopted.

Article: Bob Blackman MP said it was a "national disgrace" that a single person should have to sleep rough.
His private member's bill aims to reform the law to make sure more people get help before losing their home.
A former housing minister had warned that councils would need more funding to fulfil the commitment.
As-it-happened: Homelessness debate
The well-attended debate saw MPs from different parties broadly support the private member's bill.
It passed its first Parliamentary hurdle in the Commons on Friday when it was approved by MPs without any votes against it. The Homelessness Reduction Bill will now go forward for detailed scrutiny.
Communities and Local Government Minister Marcus Jones reiterated the government's "full and unfettered support" for the Homelessness Reduction Bill, adding that the government would fund the extra costs to councils arising from the changes it proposes.
Conservative MP Mr Blackman's bill amends the 1996 Housing Act to change the definition of being "threatened with homelessness", obliging councils to assess people at risk of homelessness at an earlier stage.
Currently the threat of homelessness is defined as beginning 28 days before a person is likely to become homeless.
The bill would extend that period to 56 days, giving people longer to seek help from their local authority.
It would also oblige councils to offer support in finding accommodation for people who become homeless for a further 56 days.
The categories of people eligible for council support would also be expanded, in a move away from the current focus on "priority housing lists" based on applicants' vulnerabilities.
Harrow East MP Mr Blackman called for a "culture change in councils", moving their priorities from "crisis management" to a pro-active approach in preventing homelessness.
He said he had looked at the experience of the Welsh Assembly, which introduced similar measures in 2015 and had since seen a 69% reduction in the number of households receiving homelessness duty.
For Labour, shadow housing secretary...

Summary: The government has pledged its "full and unfettered" support for a bill that would force councils in England to do more to tackle homelessness.
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Article: James Greenwood, Green Party candidate, said he was "fed up with the constant sell-off threat" to the woodland.
Conservative's Mark Harper and Liberal Democrat's Chris Coleman agreed the forest should remain publicly-owned.
Labour's Steve Parry-Hearn wanted legal protection while UKIP's Steve Stanbury said it was a "precious resource".
The five parliamentary candidates had been asked about the leasing of forest land when they took part in a BBC Gloucestershire radio debate on Wednesday.
Mr Greenwood referred to a holiday company which he said had been given a 125-year lease for a piece of land.
He said: "We have to see a moratorium on land being disposed in the forest and stop these long leases."
He claimed a lease could be traded and said it was "effectively a sell-off".
Mr Harper said: "It's very important to develop tourism - getting more people to come to the Forest of Dean and spending money and developing local jobs is a very good thing and should be encouraged."
He said the forest should be kept in "public ownership".
Mr Parry-Hearn said he was against long leases adding: "We could find ourselves in a position where there is privatisation because that lease could then be sold on."
Lib Dem Chris Coleman said: "When you're talking about a 125-year lease, that is longer than any of us in this room can imagine - that is a sell-off."
He said he was "wholeheartedly against privatisation".
UKIP's Steve Stanbury said the management of the forest should be "done in a balanced way".
He said: "We need to make sure the business community, on which so many livelihoods depend, is actually engaged and that the forest works for everybody."
The candidates for the constituency are:
Christopher Coleman -  Liberal Democrat
James Greenwood - Green
Mark Harper - Conservative
Steve Parry-Hearn - Labour
Steve Stanbury - UKIP

Summary: The Forest of Dean needs to be protected for future generations, according to the constituency's election candidates.
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Article: It says Berlin should consider raising the retirement age to that level by 2060, from around 65 at the moment.
The central bank says that otherwise the country may struggle to honour its pension commitments.
It points out that the state pension system is in good financial health at present, but will come under pressure in coming decades.
The Bundesbank says that as baby-boomers - those born in the post-World War Two period - retire, there will be fewer younger workers to replace them.
The retirement age for Germans is set to rise gradually to 67 by 2030.
However, the bank believes that from 2050 this increase will not be enough for the German government to keep state pensions at their target level of at least 43% of the average income.
It is therefore proposing pushing the retirement age up to 69.
"Further changes are unavoidable to secure the financial sustainability (of the state pension system)," the Bundesbank said in its monthly report.
But German government spokesman Steffen Seibert said they stood by retirement at 67.
"Retirement at 67 is a sensible and necessary measure given the demographic development in Germany. That's why we will implement it as we agreed - step by step," he added.

Summary: