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  library_name: transformers
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- tags: []
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- # Model Card for Model ID
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- <!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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  ## Model Details
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  ### Model Description
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- <!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
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- This is the model card of a 🤗 transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated.
 
 
 
 
 
 
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- - **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- - **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- ### Model Sources [optional]
 
 
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- <!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- - **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
 
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- ## Uses
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- <!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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  ### Direct Use
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- <!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
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- ### Downstream Use [optional]
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- <!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
 
 
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
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- ### Out-of-Scope Use
 
 
 
 
 
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- <!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
 
 
 
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
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- ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
 
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
 
 
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- [More Information Needed]
 
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- ### Recommendations
 
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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- Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
 
 
 
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- ## How to Get Started with the Model
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- Use the code below to get started with the model.
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
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  ## Training Details
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  ### Training Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Training Procedure
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- <!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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- #### Preprocessing [optional]
 
 
 
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
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  #### Training Hyperparameters
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- - **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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- #### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
 
 
 
 
 
 
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- <!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
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  ## Evaluation
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- <!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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- ### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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- #### Testing Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Factors
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- <!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
 
 
 
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Metrics
 
 
 
 
 
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- <!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
 
 
 
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Results
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- #### Summary
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- ## Model Examination [optional]
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- <!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
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  ## Environmental Impact
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- <!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
 
 
 
 
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- Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- - **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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- ## Technical Specifications [optional]
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- ### Model Architecture and Objective
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- ### Compute Infrastructure
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- #### Hardware
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- #### Software
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- ## Citation [optional]
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- <!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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  **BibTeX:**
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- **APA:**
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Glossary [optional]
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- <!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## More Information [optional]
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- ## Model Card Authors [optional]
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  ## Model Card Contact
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
 
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  ---
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+ language: en
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+ license: apache-2.0
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+ base_model: Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-0.5B
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+ tags:
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+ - text-to-sql
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+ - spider-dataset
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+ - sql-generation
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+ - code-generation
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+ - thesis-research
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+ datasets:
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+ - spider
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+ metrics:
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+ - execution_accuracy
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+ pipeline_tag: text-generation
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  library_name: transformers
 
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  ---
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+ # Qwen2.5-Coder-0.5B Fine-tuned on Spider Dataset
 
 
 
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+ This model is a fine-tuned version of [Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-0.5B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-0.5B) on the Spider dataset for text-to-SQL generation, developed as part of academic thesis research.
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  ## Model Details
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  ### Model Description
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+ This model converts natural language questions into SQL queries by leveraging the Qwen2.5-Coder architecture fine-tuned on the comprehensive Spider dataset. The model demonstrates strong performance on cross-domain semantic parsing tasks and can handle complex SQL constructs including joins, aggregations, and nested queries.
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+ - **Developed by:** ALI
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+ - **Model type:** Causal Language Model (Text-to-SQL)
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+ - **Language(s):** English
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+ - **License:** Apache 2.0
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+ - **Finetuned from model:** Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-0.5B
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+ - **Research Context:** Academic thesis research
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+ - **Contact:** [email protected]
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+ ### Model Sources
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ - **Repository:** https://github.com/AliiAssi
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+ - **Hugging Face:** https://huggingface.co/alialialialaiali/qwen2.5-coder-spider-sql
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+ - **Base Model:** https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-0.5B
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+ ## Performance
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+ **Execution Accuracy Results (100 Spider Dev samples):**
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+ - **🏆 Execution Accuracy: 33.0%** (33/100 queries returned correct results)
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+ - **Execution Success Rate: 51.0%** (51/100 queries executed without errors)
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+ - **Parse Errors: 49/100** (remaining queries had syntax issues)
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+ This represents a significant improvement over base language models for structured SQL generation tasks.
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+ ## Uses
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  ### Direct Use
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+ The model is designed for converting natural language questions into SQL queries for database querying applications. It works best with:
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+ - **Cross-domain database queries** (trained on 200+ diverse databases)
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+ - **Complex SQL generation** (joins, aggregations, subqueries)
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+ - **Academic research** in semantic parsing and code generation
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+ - **Educational applications** for SQL learning and demonstration
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+ ### Example Usage
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+ ```python
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+ from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
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+ import torch
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+ # Load model and tokenizer
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+ model_name = "alialialialaiali/qwen2.5-coder-spider-sql"
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+ tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
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+ model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_name)
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+ # Example database schema
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+ schema = '''-- Table: students
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+ student_id (number)
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+ name (text)
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+ age (number)
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+ major (text)
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+ -- Table: courses
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+ course_id (number)
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+ course_name (text)
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+ credits (number)
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+ -- Table: enrollments
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+ student_id (number)
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+ course_id (number)
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+ grade (text)'''
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+ # Natural language question
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+ question = "What are the names of students enrolled in courses with more than 3 credits?"
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+ # Create prompt
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+ prompt = f'''-- Database Schema:
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+ {schema}
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+ -- Question: {question}
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+ -- SQL Query:'''
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+ # Generate SQL
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+ inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt", max_length=512, truncation=True)
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+ with torch.no_grad():
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+ outputs = model.generate(
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+ **inputs,
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+ max_new_tokens=150,
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+ temperature=0.1,
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+ do_sample=False,
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+ pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id
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+ )
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+ # Extract generated SQL
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+ generated_sql = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0][inputs['input_ids'].shape[1]:], skip_special_tokens=True).strip()
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+ print("Generated SQL:", generated_sql)
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+ ```
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+ ### Out-of-Scope Use
 
 
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+ - **Production database systems** without thorough testing and validation
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+ - **Non-English natural language queries**
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+ - **Database systems with significantly different SQL dialects**
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+ - **Queries requiring real-time execution guarantees**
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  ## Training Details
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  ### Training Data
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+ The model was trained on the Spider dataset, a large-scale cross-domain semantic parsing dataset containing:
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ - **10,181 questions** with corresponding SQL queries
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+ - **200 databases** across diverse domains (academic, business, government, etc.)
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+ - **5,693 unique complex SQL queries**
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+ - **Multiple table relationships** and complex schema structures
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+ **Training Split:**
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+ - Training examples: 7,000
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+ - Validation examples: 1,034
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+ - Database schemas: 166
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+ ### Training Procedure
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  #### Training Hyperparameters
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+ - **Training regime:** Mixed precision (bfloat16 where supported)
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+ - **Epochs:** 2.29 (early stopping applied)
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+ - **Batch size:** 2 examples per device
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+ - **Gradient accumulation steps:** 4
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+ - **Learning rate:** 5e-5
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+ - **Weight decay:** 0.01
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+ - **Warmup steps:** 10% of total steps
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+ - **Max sequence length:** 512 tokens
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+ - **Optimizer:** AdamW
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+ #### Infrastructure
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+ - **Hardware:** NVIDIA T4 GPU (Google Colab)
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+ - **Training time:** ~2.75 hours
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+ - **Framework:** Hugging Face Transformers 4.52.4
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+ - **Early stopping:** Patience of 3 steps on validation loss
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  ## Evaluation
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+ ### Testing Data & Metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ **Dataset:** 100 randomly sampled examples from Spider development set
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+ **Evaluation Method:** Execution Accuracy - measuring whether generated SQL queries return the same results as ground truth when executed on actual Spider databases.
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+ **Key Metrics:**
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+ - **Execution Accuracy:** Percentage of queries producing correct results
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+ - **Execution Success Rate:** Percentage of syntactically valid queries
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+ - **Parse Error Rate:** Percentage of queries with SQL syntax errors
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+ ### Results Summary
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+ The model achieved **33% execution accuracy**, demonstrating competent handling of:
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+ - ✅ Multi-table joins with proper aliasing
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+ - ✅ Aggregate functions (COUNT, SUM, AVG) with GROUP BY
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+ - ✅ Set operations (INTERSECT, EXCEPT, UNION)
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+ - ✅ Subqueries and nested SELECT statements
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+ - ✅ Complex WHERE clauses with multiple conditions
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+ **Performance by Query Complexity:**
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+ - Simple queries (single table): ~60-80% accuracy
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+ - Medium complexity (joins, aggregations): ~30-40% accuracy
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+ - Complex queries (nested subqueries): ~15-25% accuracy
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+ ## Limitations and Bias
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+ ### Technical Limitations
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+ - **Parse errors:** 49% of generated queries contain syntax errors
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+ - **Semantic accuracy:** Model may generate syntactically correct but semantically incorrect queries
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+ - **Complex reasoning:** Performance degrades on highly complex nested queries
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+ - **Schema understanding:** Limited ability to infer implicit relationships
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+ ### Recommendations
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ - **Validation required:** Always validate generated SQL before execution
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+ - **Human review:** Recommend human oversight for production applications
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+ - **Testing:** Thoroughly test on your specific database schema and domain
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+ - **Error handling:** Implement robust error handling for parse failures
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  ## Environmental Impact
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+ Training was conducted on Google Colab infrastructure:
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+ - **Hardware Type:** NVIDIA T4 GPU
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+ - **Training Hours:** ~2.75 hours
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+ - **Cloud Provider:** Google Cloud Platform
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+ - **Estimated Carbon Impact:** Minimal due to short training duration
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+ ## Citation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  **BibTeX:**
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @misc{ali2025qwen-spider-sql,
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+ title={Qwen2.5-Coder Fine-tuned on Spider Dataset for Text-to-SQL Generation},
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+ author={ALI},
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+ year={2025},
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+ publisher={Hugging Face},
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+ howpublished={\url{https://huggingface.co/alialialialaiali/qwen2.5-coder-spider-sql}},
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+ note={Academic thesis research}
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+ }
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+ ```
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+
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+ **Spider Dataset Citation:**
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @inproceedings{yu2018spider,
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+ title={Spider: A Large-Scale Human-Labeled Dataset for Complex and Cross-Domain Semantic Parsing and Text-to-SQL Task},
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+ author={Yu, Tao and Zhang, Rui and Yang, Kai and Yasunaga, Michihiro and Wang, Dongxu and Li, Zifan and Ma, James and Li, Irene and Yao, Qingning and Roman, Shanelle and others},
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+ booktitle={Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
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+ pages={3911--3921},
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+ year={2018}
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+ }
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## Model Card Authors
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+
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+ **ALI**
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+ 🔗 https://github.com/AliiAssi
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  ## Model Card Contact
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+ For questions about this model or research collaboration:
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+ - **Email:** [email protected]
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+ - **GitHub:** https://github.com/AliiAssi
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+ - **Hugging Face:** https://huggingface.co/alialialialaiali