README.md

## Deepfake Detection Model

This repository contains a deepfake detection model built using a combination of a pre-trained Xception network and an LSTM layer. The model is designed to classify videos as either "Real" or "Fake" by analyzing sequences of facial frames extracted from the video.

### Model Architecture

The model architecture consists of the following components:

1.  **Input Layer**: Takes a sequence of `TIME_STEPS` frames, each resized to `299x299` pixels with 3 color channels. The input shape is `(batch_size, TIME_STEPS, HEIGHT, WIDTH, 3)`.

2.  **TimeDistributed Xception**: A pre-trained Xception network (trained on ImageNet) is applied to each frame independently using a `TimeDistributed` wrapper. The `include_top` is set to `False`, and `pooling` is set to `'avg'`, effectively using the Xception network as a feature extractor for each frame. This produces a sequence of feature vectors, one for each frame.

3.  **LSTM Layer**: The sequence of feature vectors from the `TimeDistributed Xception` layer is fed into an LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) layer with `256` hidden units. The LSTM layer is capable of learning temporal dependencies between frames, which is crucial for deepfake detection.

4.  **Dropout Layer**: A `Dropout` layer with a rate of `0.5` is applied after the LSTM layer to prevent overfitting.

5.  **Output Layer**: A `Dense` layer with `2` units and a `softmax` activation function outputs the probabilities for the two classes: "Real" and "Fake".

### How to Use

#### 1\. Setup

Clone the repository and install the required libraries:

```bash
pip install tensorflow opencv-python numpy mtcnn Pillow
```

#### 2\. Model Loading

The model weights are loaded from `COMBINED_best_Phase1.keras`. Ensure this file is accessible at the specified `model_path`.

```python
model_path = '/content/drive/MyDrive/Dataset DDM/FINAL models/COMBINED_best_Phase1.keras'
model = build_model() # Architecture defined in the `build_model` function
model.load_weights(model_path)
```

#### 3\. Face Extraction and Preprocessing

The `extract_faces_from_video` function processes a given video file:

  * It uses the MTCNN (Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networks) for robust face detection in each frame.
  * It samples `TIME_STEPS` frames from the video.
  * For each sampled frame, it detects the primary face, extracts it, and resizes it to `299x299` pixels.
  * The extracted face images are then preprocessed using `preprocess_input` from `tensorflow.keras.applications.xception`, which scales pixel values to the range expected by the Xception model.
  * If no face is detected in a frame, a black image of the same dimensions is used as a placeholder.
  * The function ensures that exactly `TIME_STEPS` frames are returned, padding with the last available frame or black images if necessary.

<!-- end list -->

```python
from mtcnn import MTCNN
import cv2
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
from tensorflow.keras.applications.xception import preprocess_input

def extract_faces_from_video(video_path, num_frames=30):
    # ... (function implementation as provided in prediction.ipynb)
    pass

video_path = '/content/drive/MyDrive/Dataset DDM/FF++/manipulated_sequences/FaceShifter/raw/videos/724_725.mp4'
video_array = extract_faces_from_video(video_path, num_frames=TIME_STEPS)
```

#### 4\. Prediction

Once the `video_array` (preprocessed frames) is ready, you can make a prediction using the loaded model:

```python
predictions = model.predict(video_array)
predicted_class = np.argmax(predictions, axis=1)[0]
probabilities = predictions[0]

class_names = ['Real', 'Fake']
print(f"Predicted Class: {class_names[predicted_class]}")
print(f"Class Probabilities: Real: {probabilities[0]:.4f}, Fake: {probabilities[1]:.4f}")
```

### Parameters

  * `TIME_STEPS`: Number of frames to extract from each video (default: `30`).
  * `HEIGHT`, `WIDTH`: Dimensions to which each extracted face image is resized (default: `299, 299`).
  * `lstm_hidden_size`: Number of hidden units in the LSTM layer (default: `256`).
  * `dropout_rate`: Dropout rate applied after the LSTM layer (default: `0.5`).
  * `num_classes`: Number of output classes (default: `2` for "Real" and "Fake").

### Development Environment

The provided code snippet is written in Python and utilizes `tensorflow` (Keras API), `opencv-python`, `numpy`, `mtcnn`, and `Pillow`. It is designed to be run in an environment with these libraries installed. The paths suggest it was developed using Google Drive, potentially within a Colab environment.